650 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO creation, and you can't find as mean a man as John Smith." Chester R. Mott was another of the early attorneys of Wyandot County. He was a Pennsylvanian, had studied law at Erie, and practiced there for several years until he removed to Upper Sandusky in the spring of 1844. He assisted in the organization of the county, and served as its first prosecuting attorney. He was also elected to the office of county auditor for two terms, and represented the district in the Legislature. In later years he was elected judge of the Common Pleas Court and mayor of Upper Sandusky. Moses H. Kirby was born in Virginia, but came to Highland County, Ohio, in his early years. He filled several political positions in that county, and had been secretary of state for three years before he came to Upper Sandusky as the receiver of the United States Land Office, established there upon the opening up of the reservation. He was afterwards elected to the office of probate judge, and represented the district in the State Senate. John D. Sears was admitted to the bar in 1844, and in March of the following year settled in the Town of Upper Sandusky, which was then a hamlet of less than a dozen buildings of all classes. Office had no allurement for him, but he continued to practice law exclusively, until in later years. he gave more of his attention to his own business affairs. The only offices he ever held was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1873, in which he was recognized as one of the ablest members, and a term as mayor of Upper Sandusky. He was one of the oldest of the surviving members of the pioneers, and continued in active business until his death in 1912. Robert McKelly is one of the early lawyers whose name stands out conspicuously in the history of the county. He came to Upper Sandusky in 1845 from Bucyrus to assume a position as register in the United States Land Office. He became the first probate judge of the county under the new constitution, and also filled several other political offices. Peter A. Tyler lived at McCutchensville before coming to Upper Sandusky in 1852. He enlisted in the army during the Civil War and had a creditable record. Shortly after the war he became involved in an altercation at Bucyrus in which he was shot, and died shortly afterward from the injury. George W. Beery, Sr., formed a partnership with Aaron Lyle for the practice of law in Upper Sandusky in 1847. He became one of the active and substantial citizens of the county. Colonel Lyle did not remain there long, but was drawn to California by the gold excitement, and died en route to that destination. Among the prominent lawyers of more recent years were Darius D. Hare, who filled a number of political offices, including an election to Congress. During the war he served in the signal corps, and began his study of law after the close of that conflict. Allen Smalley was also a veteran of the war. He served several terms on the Common Pleas bench. Both of these men have now passed from the scene of their earthly activities. The records of the early physicians are not so readily accessible as those of the lawyers. Dr. Stephen Fowler was one of the first physicians to locate within the limits of the county, and lived near Little Sandusky, on the "Plains." He removed to this neighborhood in the year 1827, and intended to abandon the practice of his profession. He could not resist the opportunity to alleviate the distress of his neighbors, however, and hence again began the practice of medicine and followed this occupation until his own life ended. Wyandot had its full share of bodily ills in those days. He was elected to the Legislature, and was also one of the first county commissioners. Dr. George W. Sampson settled along the Tymochtee in 1828, and at once commenced the practice of medicine. A couple of years later he removed to HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 651 McCutchensville, where he remained until his death. At that time there were no roads and he was compelled to follow Indian trails in his practice, which extended to Melmore in one direction, to Little Sandusky in another, and even beyond Findlay and Tiffin. He was often compelled to ride sixty or seventy miles in a single day in his visits to his patients. He practiced a great deal among the Indians, and despite the rigorous experiences of his early days, he lived to a good old age. He had great success in treating the "milk sickness" and the "trembles." Dr. James McConnell became a resident of Upper Sandusky in 1845. His services were in great demand, and he practiced there for a quarter of a century. Within two weeks after the County of Wyandot was created, the Wyandot Telegraph, the first newspaper, was established in the county seat. The editor and proprietor was John Shrenk, and the politics were whig. " Terms of subscription, $1.50 per annum, if paid in four weeks from the time of subscription ; otherwise, $2.00 will be charged." This notice appeared on the editorial page. It was a small newspaper, as compared with those published in the county seat today, but it filled a want in the community. It was published in the old Indian council house until that building was taken possession of for county purposes. The whigs evidently did not rally to support of the paper, for it finally disappeared from sight after a brief existence. Without warning, it was cut off in the very flower of its youth. The election of the complete democratic ticket probably had something to do with its demise, and the effort to spell Wyandot with two "t's" was a handicap. The Democratic Pioneer was begun on the 29th of August, 1845. It had nothing to boast of in the way of literary matter, for much of the English and grammar would not be approved by a college professor. The editor of this paper was William F. Giles. He speaks of his defunct contem porary in the following choice language : "The thing that decamped from this place, and took up his abode in Napoleon, Henry County, and is issuing a little filthy sheet, is said to be doing great service to the democracy of that county, and the democrats are returning their thanks to him. Good. We hope our friends in those regions will give him plenty of rope, and the consequence will be seen." One attempt was made to mob him because of something he had written. This attempt upon the liberty of the press created a great furor in those days. It continued under the management of Mr. Giles for a couple of years when it was sold to Josiah Smith and Elijah Giles, who continued the publication under the name of J. Smith and E. Giles. When W. F. Giles returned from California in 1853, he regained control of the paper, but changed the name to the Wyandot Pioneer. In 1848 James S. Fouke and Co., issued the first number of the Wyandot Tribune, a whig paper. In less than a year, however, he published a valedictory, as follows: "The patronage of the office is not sufficient to meet our engagements, and hence the necessity of our leaving." At the same time he announced the transfer of the paper to A. C. Hulburd whom he introduced as "A young man deserving the patronage of the whig party." Mr. Hulburd formed a partnership with M. R. Gould. The paper was continued by this firm for a couple of years, and it then suspended publication in order to collect outstanding accounts. When the Pioneer was transferred to William Appleton, in 1854, the democratic party was left without an organ. The Pioneer became the republican organ henceforth and, after several changes, it finally passed into the hands of Pietro Cuneo in 1866. A few years later the name was changed to the Wyandot County Republican. He was a gifted newspaper man, and made his pub- 652 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO lication a financial success. It has remained in his family since that time. Mr. Cuneo served as United States Consul at Milan, Italy, for a period, to which office he was appointed by President McKinley. Thus he went back to his native land as one of the accredited representatives of his adopted country. He came here as a penniless immigrant, and succeeded in acquiring a comfortable competency. To aid the cause of democracy, Robert D. Dumm began the publication of the Democratic Vindicator. At the close of the first volume the new paper passed under the editorial control of M. W. Dennison, who conducted it for a few years, and then the Vindicator ceased to vindicate. There were still left over, however, men who had a liking for printer's ink, and the first number of the Democratic Union was given to the public, of which Mr. Jones finally became the sole editor. In 1858 it passed into the control of Robert D. Dumm. In 1868 Mr. Dumm left the Union and was succeeded by E. Zimmerman, and it then became the property of Louis A. Brunner, who continued in charge for several years. Mr. Dumm then returned to this paper, and purchased a one-half interest of Mr. Brunner. Again he retired, but purchased an interest in 1879, and it was published by the Dumm family until absorbed by, the Republican. The combined paper is now known as the Union-Republican and is issued triweekly. Sherman A. Cuneo, son of Pietro Cuneo, is at present the editor and publisher. The Weekly Chief was established in 1876 by H. A. Tracht, then a youth of fourteen years. This was discontinued for a time, but it was resurrected in 1879. This paper is now issued as a daily. Other newspapers in the county are the Carey Times, established by Frank T. Tripp, Jr., in 1873. It succeeded an earlier paper, the Carey Blade. The Nevada Enterprise was first issued by Rev. A. B. Kirtland in 1872. It was published for a long time by Joseph M. Wilcox alone, and is now owned by Wilcox and Holmes. The name has been changed to the Nevada News. The Sycamore News was founded in 1880 by S. W. Holmes and Son. It is an independent family newspaper, which has a good country circulation. UPPER SANDUSKY Upper Sandusky occupies a pleasant and almost romantic site on the high banks of the Sandusky River. It was not the location of the original village of the Wyandot Indians. When the reservation was set off, however, in the year 1817, the Indian village was moved four miles south to what is now the site of the county seat of Wyandot County. Fort Ferree had been built here by troops under General Harrison, and was occupied a number of times by that commander, and several hundred troops were maintained here at times during the War of 1812. It consisted of the usual stockade of that day, made of split and round timbers, with blockhouses at the corners, and enclosed a spring. As the Wyandots were friendly, it was not considered necessary to maintain a strong force here, and it was principally used as a headquarters for the commander. When Main Street was macadamized, remains of soldiers were disinterred, as was evidenced by the brass buttons bearing the letters "U. S." stamped upon them ; and some rosettes of leather with the American eagle in brass as a center piece. Several thousand Pennsylvania and Kentucky troops were at one time stationed here, but they encamped on the old mission farm, at what was called Camp Meigs. The Walker store dated from about 1825. The proprietor, William Walker, was a quarter-blood Wyandot, and he was a man highly esteemed among the tribe. It was still known as the Walker store after the whites came, but the proprietor was then John Walker, a HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 653 white man. The old house of William Walker, at the corner of Walker and Fourth streets, built in the '20s, is still standing and used as a dwelling. It is really a standing monument to historic Upper Sandusky. Near the corner of Wyandot Avenue and Fourth Street once stood a double log building, two stories in height, which was known as the Garrett Tavern. The wife of Garrett was a sister of William Walker. This was the only hostelry in the village during the Indian occupation. It was on what was known as the Overland stage route, and the "Yo-ho" of the driver's horn wakened the echoes of the village on the arrival and departure of the stage. Travelers for the west came to Sandusky by boat and then took the Harrison Military Road, passing through here, for Columbus and Cincinnati. Charles Dickens passed through here on his way to Sandusky in 1842, and tarried over night. He writes of it in his "American Notes," as follows : "Between 10 and 11 o'clock at night, a few feeble lights appeared in the distance, and Upper Sandusky lay before us. They were gone to bed at the Log Inn, which was the only house of entertainment in the place, but soon answered our knocking and got some tea for us, in a sort of kitchen or common room, tapestried with old newspapers pasted on the walls. The bed chamber to which my wife and I were shown was a large, low, ghostly room, with a quantity of withered branches on the hearth, and two doors without any fastening, opposite to each other, both opening on the black night and wild country, and so contrived that one of them always blew the other open, a novelty in domestic architecture which I do not remember to have seen before, and at which I was somewhat disconcerted, to have forced upon my attention after getting into bed, as I had a considerable sum in gold for our traveling expenses in my dressing case. Some of the luggage, however, piled against the panels soon settled the difficulty. My Boston friend climbed up to somewhere in the roof, where another guest was already snoring hugely. But being bitten beyond his power of endurance, he turned out again and fled for shelter to the coach, which was airing itself in front of the house—and lay there shivering until morning. Nor was it possible to warm him up when he came out, by means of a glass of brandy, for in Indian villages, the Legislature, with a very good and wise intention forbids the sale of spirits by tavern keepers. The precaution, however, is inefficacious, for the Indian never fails to procure liquor of a worse kind at a dearer price from traveling peddlers." The old mission church and burial ground still remain as historic relics of the days gone by. When the Wyandots sold their reservation they reserved one acre, which had been their burial ground, and two acres containing the church. At the last council held before this departure, the chiefs formally committed these to the Methodist Episcopal Church to be taken care of. The church formally accepted the trust, and appointed trustees to take charge of the two-acre tract. The old burial ground was entirely neglected. When the mission church was abandoned for services, because too far out, it too suffered neglect and sank into a ruined condition. The neat stone monuments marking the resting-places of the tribe became almost indistinguishable. A squatter took possession and made it a pasture lot, and attempted to claim ownership through adverse possession. The grounds were finally rescued from such almost criminal neglect, and the old mission church has been restored as an almost priceless relic of an age that has disappeared with the changes of time. The first council house of the Wyandots was erected about 1878, and consisted of split plank set up between uprights, while the top was covered with bark stripped from trees. 654 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO This was replaced in 1830 by a more pretentious building, two stories in height, and about 18x24 feet in size. Each floor consisted of a single room. The material for the building had been prepared at the Indian sawmill, three miles northeast of the village. Its last use was as a schoolhouse, and while employed in that capacity, in 1851, the old relic was destroyed by fire. The Indian jail was a small and compact structure, built of squared timbers and was also two stories high, the lower of which was very low. Within its walls many a red recalcitrant and criminal was confined. It also has disappeared in the onward march of events. There were few white settlers here, excepting some traders and missionaries, until after the Indians were removed west of the Missouri River. Hence it is that the history of the town really begins with the year 1843, when this site was surveyed and platted under the provisions of an act of Congress. This marks the transition from Indian occupation to Caucasian settlement. The original survey of the town was made by Louis Classon in 1843, and was recorded in that year. By a wise provision of the platters, the original streets were made unusually wide, which gives the town a very attractive appearance today. It was not long after the departure of the Indians that their old haunts were occupied by a number of permanent settlers. The cabins of the red men soon sheltered people of a paler color. The old cabin of Sum-mun-dewat was moved from its original location, but is still occupied. The United States Land Office was removed from Lima to Upper Sandusky in October of that year, with Moses H. Kirby as receiver, and Abner Root as register. When these officials arrived, they found that Andrew and Purdy McElvain and Joseph Chaffee had preceded them. Purdy McElvain had been here for a number of years as United States land agent. Andrew was the proprietor of a big log tavern. Col. Andrew McElvain was commissioned the first postmaster of the village. The new officials established their office in the old council house, and a lively boom began for the new town after it had been chosen as the county seat. In their anxiety to secure good locations, lawyers, merchants, doctors, hotel keepers, artisans, speculators, etc., hastened to Upper Sandusky by the score, and hundreds of town lots had been sold before the close of that year. The prices paid were proportionably high for that day. Some brought as much as $400 or $500. It was not long until piles of all kinds of building material were heaped upon the ground, and each day witnessed an increase of men and teams employed in its delivery. Stone was easily obtained from the old mission quarry, located in the Sandusky River. At that time walnut lumber, now almost priceless, was generally used for siding and finishing lumber. Ash and oak were employed for the flooring and shingles. Within a year, four lawyers, Moses H. Kirby, Chester R. Mott, John D. Sears, and William K. Wear, and two doctors, Dr. Joseph Mason and Dr. David Watson, had settled in Upper Sandusky. James Boyd, a colored man, had also appeared on the scene. David Ayres & Company had become identified with the business community as merchants. Thomas Miller began the business of manufacturing saddles, harness, and other leather goods. Joseph McCutcheon opened up a stock of general merchandise. Henry Zimmerman, Sr., inaugurated the Blue Ball Hotel, which then became the headquarters for the overland stage. Robert Taggert soon took his place in the business life of the community as a grocer and baker. Two newspapers had been established within the same period, and the village had a population of from 300 to 400. There was a great rivalry between the merchants in the old part of the town and in the new center, but the newer merchants were HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 655 generally the more aggressive, and they controlled the village organization. An ordinance, published August 5, 1848, established twelve feet as the width of sidewalks on business streets, allowing four feet to merchants and mechanics to display wares. This was amended, September 9, 1848, authorizing fifteen feet in width on Sandusky Avenue, repealing so much of previous ordinance as applied thereto. To offset the big spring at the old center they established public wells, walled with brick, and furnished with log drinking troughs, at the courthouse and other sites. They painted their store fronts in varied colors. Their stores were known by names as the "Regulator," "Emporium," etc. Any and all means were used to draw and hold interest in the new business center. A letter written by Joseph McCutchen, on Christmas Day, 1846, spoke of the village as follows: "In the first place, in relation to Upper Sandusky. It has improved beyond the most extravagant calculations. It is but a little over a year ago since that General Government sold the town lots and land, and now some 800 inhabitants reside there. There are six dry goods stores—three too many—about the same number of groceries, four hotels, mechanical shops of various kinds, and the town is still improving. " The county is also settling with an excellent class of farmers. The public buildings are in rapid progress. The jail is almost completed; it is by far the best looking jail I have seen ; it is made of stone and brick. The brick is the best specimen I have ever seen in Ohio. The stone for the doors and windows are beautiful white limestone, brought from Marion County. The builder is Judge McCurdy, from Findlay, Hancock County. Although he will, in a few days, have seen seventy-four winters, he is one of the most enterprising men of his age I ever saw. If he is spared a few weeks longer, the job will be finished in a masterly style. He gets by $500 too little for the building. "The courthouse has been contracted for at $7,000.00 by a Mr. Young, from Logan County. It is to be a magnificent building. The donation from the General Government, if judiciously managed, will pay every dollar of expense of the public buildings, or nearly so, without taxing the people a dollar. I hope it may do it, as you are well aware I have labored three years with Congress, to have the donation matter accomplished." Upper Sandusky was incorporated in the year 1848 by a special act of the Legislature. Notwithstanding it was the county seat, and an incorporated village, the town moved along in a slow and uneventful way after the first boom was over. At the first election for corporate officers, William W. Bates was chosen mayor and Jacob Juvenall, recorder, although the official records have been lost. William Bivens, the second mayor, was a shoemaker, and a man who could scarcely read and write. Many ludicrous incidents of his career as city executive have been related. When the Ohio and Indiana Railway, now the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, reached there in 1854, many new business houses were opened up and the population rapidly increased for a time. The earliest religious society to be active in working in Wyandot County was the Methodist Episcopal organization, which built the mission at Upper Sandusky, and which is described elsewhere. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Upper Sandusky, the successor to the Mission, was organized in the autumn of 1845. Before the Wyandots left, a class of white people had regular prayer and class meetings and an occasional sermon in English by one of the missionaries or a traveling minister. The following men were elected members of the board of trustees: Andrew M. Anderson, Guy C. Worth, James B. Alden, Alexander Armstrong, Joseph Cover, Alex- 656 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO ander Voluntine, and William Myers. At a meeting of the trustees, held in 1846, it was resolved to circulate a paper soliciting subscriptions for the erection of a church building. It was decided to "build a house of worship of plank, ten foot story, three fifteen-light windows, of 10x12 glass, on each side, and two windows in front with one door in the center of the front end of said building." This house was completed probably in 1847. Prior to this time the society had occupied the old mission church, which in some way had been retained by the United States, and was therefore no longer Methodist property. This old church was used until 1859, when a new church edifice was finished. At that time it was the finest building in the village. This house of worship answered the needs of the congregation until 1898, when the present beautiful stone building was completed. The First Presbyterian Church was organized with seven members at a meeting held in the old mission church in 1845, by Rev. Mr. Hutchinson, of Bucyrus. Prior to that time Presbyterian services had been held at irregular intervals. A small frame house of worship was built in 1847, and occupied until a brick church was erected in 1866. The original members were Mr. and Mrs. Goodman, Mr. and Mrs. SeaHs, Mr. Taggert, Mrs. Letitia McCutcheon, and Reverend McCain. The first English Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized by Rev. Jacob Schaner, at a meeting held at the house of George C. Wolford, on the 5th of January, 1849. Prior to that time a meeting of the members of this denomination had been held at the old Indian council house. Fourteen members originally signed the church constitution, but the number was soon increased to thirty-five. Among them were George C. Wolford and wife, Samuel Smith and wife, Daniel Sterner, wife and three children, Samuel, Josiah and Ephraim Miller, and Mrs. Doctor Watson. The first church, which was a brick structure, was built in 1851. This was used by the congregation until 1879, when the present edifice was finished. The Trinity Reformed Church was organized in 1852, and the first minister of that denomination to serve it was Rev. August Winter. A handsome new edifice was dedicated in 1912 by Bishop S. P. Spreng, for the Trinity Evangelical Church. Other Protestant societies in the town are the German Evangelical Lutheran, the Episcopal, and Universalist. St. Peter's Roman Catholic Congregation dates from the year 1857, when a dozen Catholic families banded together under the direction of the Sanguinist Fathers, of New Riegel, formed a small but spirited mission in Upper Sandusky. Most of the members were Germans, but there were a few Irish families. Steps were immediately taken for the erection of a brick chapel, and it was not long until the building was ready for use. The council at that time was composed of John Gaa, Anthony Christen, and Frank Keller. For a number of years the congregation was served by priests from New Riegel. It was not until 1865 that the congregation had a resident minister. The first priest who served them in this capacity was Rev. B. A. Quinn, who remained only two months, when he was succeeded by Rev. G. A. Spierings. In the fall of 1873 the building of a splendid new church was begun, but it was not completed until 1880, in which year it was dedicated. From the very beginning of the organization of this church a parochial school has been maintained, sometimes at a very great sacrifice of the members. The union schools of Upper Sandusky date from December, 1854. At that time they were opened with Frederick Mott as, superintendent. The other teachers were Elizabeth Mott, Rebecca Zimmerman, and Delia Chaffee. The building in use was 40x50 feet in size and contained four rooms. An addition was made to this building in 1866. The present sub- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 657 stantial high school was erected in 1882-3, and two ward buildings are also in use at this time. Prior to 1854 the schools were privately conducted. Among these teachers were : Rev. Charles Thayer, Sarah Hughes, Mary Harper, and Charles Culver. The earliest fraternal order established in Upper Sandusky was Wyandot Lodge, No. 1101, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in 1848. John D. Sears was the first presiding officer. Warpole Lodge, No. 176, Free and Accepted Masons, was organized in October, 1850, with Joseph McCutcheon as worshipful master. Col. M. H. Kirby was the second master, and continued in that position for a score of years. The Royal Arcanum was instituted in 1879, with George G. Bowman as regent. The Knights of Honor was instituted in 1877, with Adam Kail as dictator. Robbins Post, No. 91, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized in 1880, and J. F. Rieser was the commander. The Knights of Pythias came in 1883, and Robert Carey was the first council commander. Upper Sandusky's earliest bank was established in 1854 by George Harper, David Ayers, James G. Roberts, John D. Sears, and William C. Hedges, under the firm name of Harper, Ayres, Roberts & Company. It was a private institution and ceased operations in 1859. In 1860, Sylvester Watson established the Exchange Bank, which existed for three years, and was then merged into the First National Bank. It has operated under its original charter since 1863. The first officers were Thomas V. Reber, president ; and Sylvester Watson, cashier. The Wyandot County Bank was organized in 1867. The original stockholders were L. B. Harris, I. H. Beery, T. E. Beery, J. A. Maxwell, and George W. Beery. Mr. Beery served as president for many years. R. R. McKee opened up a private bank in 1860, which later became the Central Bank. This bank failed in 1884, with great losses by the depositors. Since that Vol. I-4 2 time two new institutions have entered the banking field. The Commercial National Bank was organized in 1900. The Citizens Savings Bank began business in 1907. All of these banking institutions are doing a flourishing business and greatly aid the business of the community. CAREY Carey is the second town of importance in Wyandot County. It derives its name from the Judge John Carey, who was president of the Indiana, Bloomington and Western Railroad, when that road was built. The village was laid out by R. M. Shuler and W. M. Buell, in 1843. These gentlemen owned land in the neighborhood, and were anxious to have a town established there. It was thus platted a couple of years before the organization of Wyandot County. In the same year in which the town was founded, John Houck erected a frame building in which he kept a hotel, the first business of that kind or any kind in the village. It was a quaint old structure, which did service for half a century thereafter. The first and pioneer merchant of Carey was W. M. Buell, who erected a frame store room and began business with a stock of general merchandise. R. W. Reed, McDonaugh M. Carey, and H. J. Starr, under the firm name of Reed, Carey & Company, established the second 'business enterprise in the place. Within a short period, Jones Park, McDowell and Baker, and John E. James, established stores dealing in general mercantile business. The first grocery store was opened up by David Straw, with a capital of less than fifty dollars. He continued in business many years, and finally became one of the wealthiest men in the county. The old Carey Mills were erected in 1846 by Enos and William Wonder, and it was the second mill in the county. Since her humble beginning, Carey has 658 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO made rapid strides in the field of progress, and is today a live and progressive town. It has banks, several churches, and many fraternal orders. The development of the "muck" land surrounding it has brought it agricultural prosperity. A quarter of a century ago this land was considered as hardly worth its taxes. It was looked upon as a great waste and practically worthless. Since that time it has been drained, and has been found especially adapted for celery and onions. More than two hundred carloads of the odoriferous onions are shipped each year from here, and the value of the land exceeds that of the land first utilized. All of this land is tributary to Carey and is a valuable asset. Five religious organizations are represented in Carey. These are the United Brethren, United Evangelical, Methodist Episcopal, English Lutheran, and Roman Catholic. The latter, which is known as Our Lady of Consolation, is noted as a place of pilgrimage. This dates from 1874, when a shrine was dedicated to the Virgin as a place of refuge and prayer. Father Gloden had vowed that the first church he should build should be dedicated to the "Consoler of the afflicted." He obtained a replica of the famous image of Luxembourg. A solemn procession of 1,000 accompanied the image from Berwick to Carey, and to the recitation of prayers and singing of hymns it was carried over the intervening seven miles on May 24, 1875. This inaugurated the shrine and the pilgrimages. This was formally approved by Pope Leo XIII, and the church was endowed with indulgences and other spiritual privileges. Many miraculous cures are reported among the pilgrims at the annual season of pilgrimage and shrine. NEVADA The Village of Nevada is situated in the eastern part of the county. It was given its designation after the state of the same name, which was attracting considerable attention about the time the original town was platted in 1852. The streets are all laid out with a generous width, which adds to the attractiveness of the village. The founders. of the village were Jonathan Ayres and George Garrett, and the surveyor was J. H. Williams. Garrett was a man of mixed blood, Indian and white. There was nothing promising about the embryo village platted in the woods, but the coming of the railroad, now known as the Pennsylvania, brought life and prosperity. At the time of the platting there were only three houses on the site. In these dwelt Lair Miller, James McLaughlin, and Samuel Ellison. William McJunkins had the honor of being the pioneer merchant, and he erected the first business room in 1853. It was a goodly-sized frame structure. He was both postmaster and station agent for a number of years. The second store room was erected by Mr. Ayers, which was also a frame building. William Fredregill conducted both a grocery and saloon. J. L. Cook and William F. Goodbread were also among the pioneer merchants. Other business enterprises followed as the population in and around Nevada increased. B. Hopp established the Commercial Hotel in 1862, and the Kerr House was built by Robert Kerr in 1882. For many years it has been a leading commercial center, and farmers come for long distances to do their trading in Nevada. It possesses some small factories and two banks. Nevada was incorporated, and the first election held in 1866. The man who first filled the mayor's chair was W. R. DeJean. The original councilmen were E. R. Welsh, William McJunkins, John Tudlope, C. P. Hopp, and C. F. Hoffman. The Nevada Deposit Bank was organized by W. L. Blair in 1873, and he has remained at the head of it ever since that date. It was at first incorporated, but is now conducted as a private HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 659 bank. The Farmers and Merchants Bank was organized in 1907. Five religious societies are found in the town. The Evangelical Lutheran Church was erected in 1859. Members of the United Brethren Church held their first meeting in the barn of James McLaughlin in May, 1857, and organized a society three years later. A church was not built, however, until 1875. As early as 1859, meetings of the Methodist Episcopal denomination were held, and a church building was built in 1867. A fine new edifice was dedicated in 1906. The Presbyterian society was organized in 1858, and their edifice built in 1876. Two elders of the Advent Christian faith came in 1867 and organized a society after conducting a revival. SYCAMORE The Village of Sycamore, situated in the northeastern part of the county, derived its name from the creek that flows through its corporate limits. Sycamore Creek rises in Crawford County, and flows northwesterly through this township on its way to the Sandusky River. The creek doubtless derives its name from the sycamore trees that grow along its banks. When the Taylor mill was built a short distance from the village, in 1843, it was considered a wonderful institution. Prior to that the settlers were obliged to go to the old Indian mill, near tipper Sandusky, to have their grinding done. The mill has since been removed to the village, and is now operated by steam power. In 1834 the first church was built in the township,. on the line adjoining Crawford County. This was the Ebenezer Methodist Episcopal Church, of Pipetown. It was a small frame building. A larger church replaced this more primitive building in 1853, and is still standing. The society is inactive, however, as the members have transferred their membership to the surrounding villages, and especially to Sycamore. Many of the early pioneers are sleeping their last sleep in the "God's Acre" adjoining the old church. Sycamore was laid out in 1842, while it was still a part of Crawford County. This was the part known as Old Sycamore, on the north side of the creek. Across the creek a new town began to arise, which was called "new town." When the Ohio Central Railroad was completed, this new section began to grow rapidly. Many farmers moved in, some small manufacturing enterprises were opened up, and the village was transformed from an ordinary country hamlet into a live town. The village was incorporated in 1884, and its first mayor was Benjamin Culver. B. E. Martin was elected corporation clerk at the same time. Water works were erected, electric lighting installed, and many other improvements have been added. It has always been considered a good trading center. The Methodist Episcopal, United Brethren, and 660 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO German Reform denominations each have churches in Sycamore. The Masons, Odd Fellows, and Grand Army of the Republic also have active lodges in the village. The failure of the Peoples Bank in 1913, which had been established and conducted by George A. Klahr as a private bank, was a serious blow, for it entailed a loss of more than half a million of dollars. Nearly every one in the community was a loser by this almost unprecedented failure through slack business methods. A new bank was at once organized with sufficient resources, and financial confidence has again been restored. OTHER VILLAGES About the year 1827 Garrett Fitzgerald located in the southwestern part of the county, and entered eighty acres of land. He laid out a small town, which he called Burlington. In the following years Josiah Robinson platted a rival town on an adjoining section, which he named Marseilles. The intervening strip of land was finally added to the plat by C. Merriman, and the entire village became known as Marseilles. Mr. Fitzgerald erected the first log house, and the earliest store was opened by Merriman and Terry. A railroad has never reached the village, so that it has not grown rapidly. The Village of Harpster, originally known as Fowler, in honor of C. R. Fowler, was founded in 1876 by David Harpster and John Wood, who owned the land upon which the village was established. It was finally named after David Harpster, who was long known as the "wool king." The town plat was recorded in 1877, and the first house was erected by William H. Parkins. Mr. Harpster himself established the first store, in conjunction with Cyrus Sears, in a brick building erected by him. The firm of Harpster and Sears continued for a number of years. A grist-mill was also erected by Mr. Harpster, which was a great convenience for the community, and he likewise organized the Harpster Bank, with J. L. Lewis as cashier. Kirby was laid out in 1854. It was named after the proprietor, Moses H. Kirby. It has never grown very greatly, but is prosperous and is surrounded by a fine agricultural and stock-raising district. The Town of Lovell was platted by Lovell B. Harris, when the Hocking Valley Railroad was constructed. A postoffice was established at the same time. The Town of Whartonsburg was laid out in 1848 by Samuel Rathbun. The first house was built by N. DePew, and the first store by James E. James, who was also the first postmaster. It is now called Wharton. Other villages in the county are Mexico, Bellevernon, Deunquat, also known as Petersburg, Little Sandusky, Wyandot, and Crawford. START OF VOLUME II HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO HON. JOHN MILTON KILLITS. Since June 30, 1910, the learning and broad experience of Judge Killits have been read into a great many of the decisions of the United States District Court of the Northern Ohio District and of the Sixth United States Circuit Court of Appeals. In the present generation of lawyers and jurists in Northwest Ohio Judge Killits will always have a foremost place. His well known legal attainments, coupled with his long service as a lawyer and as judge of the Court of Common Pleas, has eminently qualified him for his present high position. Judge Killits possesses the experienced judgment of one who has known all sorts of men, is a discriminating observer of character and motive, and has that qualification so essential to the good judge—the judicial temperament. He is distinctively an Ohio man, and in the thirty years which have elapsed since his admission to the bar he has been steadily advancing to increasing honors and responsibilities in his profession. John Milton Killits was born at Lithopolis, Fairfield County, Ohio, October 7, 1858, a son of Andrew Welser and Clarissa (Crumley) Killits. His ancestry is that substantial stock of Germans who did so much to give character to early Pennsylvania. His grandfather, John Killitz, immigrated from Hamburg, Germany, in 1805, and lived at Womelsdorf in old Berks County, Pennsylvania, until his death in 1847. It was his youngest son, Andrew W., born in Womelsdorf, who became the father of Judge Killits. In the maternal line Judge Killits is in the fourth generation from Valentine Graumlich, a name which was subsequently anglicized as Crumley, who immigrated from Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1758, to Pennsylvania Colony. While the son was passing through the period of childhood and early youth his father, Andrew W. Killits, lived for several years in Findlay, was a dry goods merchant at Kalida, Putnam County, during the time of the Civil war, and in 1867 moved from Kalida to Bryan in Williams County. He was a dry goods merchant at Bryan from 1867 to 1881, then a farmer up to 1890, and in the latter year moved to Chicago. In the meantime John Milton Killits had attended the Bryan public schools, prepared for college at Oberlin during 1875-76, and spent four years at Williams College, where he was graduated A. B. in 1880, and in 1887 was awarded the degree A. M. by the same institution. In 1914, his college conferred upon him the degree LL. D. While a student in school and college Judge Killits acquired a practical knowledge of the printing art, and in 1880, soon after graduating from Williams, he bought and published in the State of Iowa the Red Oak Daily and Weekly Express. He continued that paper until June, 1883. In November, 1883, he took up the study of law with Pratt & Bentley, a leading law firm of Bryan. The junior partner subsequently became judge of the Ohio Circuit Court. In January, 1884, Mr. Killits accepted an opportunity which brought him some of the finest advantages in the way of legal training. He was appointed editor of publications for the United States Signal Bureau at Washington, and also became private secretary to Brig. Gen. W. B. Hazen, chief signal officer, U. S. Army. While in the City of Washington he pursued his law studies in the Columbian, now the George Washington, University, where he graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1885, and in 1886, after post-graduate work, was given the degree LL. M. He was admitted to the District of Columbia bar in June, 1886, and to the Ohio bar in December, 1887. On October 31, 1887, Judge Killits resigned his position with the Signal Bureau, and on February 1, 1888, opened his office and began practice at Bryan, Ohio. He remained there until December 31, 1892, as a member of the firm of Leidigh & Killits. From January 1, 1893, to February 1, 1905, he practiced alone. Judge Killits had his home at Bryan from November 1, 1887, until his removal to Toledo on September 15, 1910. - 663 - 664 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO fore his elevation to the bench his work as a lawyer was diversified by much public service. In 1892 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Williams County and re-elected in 1895. He served as a member of the Bryan Council in 1898 and 1899. In 1904 he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Third Judiical District of Ohio, and after one term of six years was nominated for re-election on June 17, 1910. Four days later, June 21st, President Taft sent his name to the senate for the office of judge of the United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio. The appointment was almost immediately confirmed, and he took office in the Chambers of the Federal District Court at Toledo, June 30, 1910. Until his elevation to the bench in 1904 Judge Killits was an active and influential leader in republican politics in Ohio. Besides the notable service he has rendered on the bench he was in 1913 elected a member of the commission which prepared the charter under which the City of Toledo is now governed. Judge Killits is one of the most prominent Methodist laymen in Ohio. He has been selected as a delegate to the Methodist Quadrennial General Conference at Baltimore in 1908, at Minneapolis in 1912, and at Saratoga in 1916, twice serving as a member of the Conference Judiciary Committee. He is also a member of the church's general commission on finance. He is a member of the Chi Psi and Phi Delta Phi fraternities, and in Masonry is affiliated with Bryan Lodge, Chapter and Council, the Defiance Commandery of the Knights Templar. He is also a Knight of Pythias, and a member of Toledo Club and the Rotary Club of Toledo. At Washington, D. C., on June 21, 1887, Judge Killits, only a few months before beginning practice as a lawyer in Ohio, married Miss Alice Nourse Steuart. They are the parents of two children. Alice Milton is now Mrs. Harry W. Gardner of Bryan, and Edith Steuart is Mrs. Howard L. Smallman of Ellicottville, New York. The Toledo Blade recently referred to some of the hobbies practiced by prominent Toledo citizens, and in one issue represented Judge Killits in the guise of a carpenter. Besides having considerable proficiency in the handling of carpenter tools, he also enjoys motor boating, the study of sociology and history of the Bible. All of which indicates that life is not likely to become stale and dull for him when he chooses to retire from his regular profession and business routine. WILLIAM J. GILLETTE, M. D. In upwards of forty years of practice, Doctor Gillette has spent thirty of them at Toledo, and is well known all over Northwestern Ohio in the field of surgery. For many years he was connected with the medical college of Toledo and he was largely responsible for the organization of Robinwood Hospital, which he serves as attending surgeon, and he is also known for high ideals and occupies a position of undoubted usefulness among the citizenship of Toledo. A native of Ohio, he was born at Tiffin, October 9, 1857, a son of Erastus G. and Janet-(Norris) Gillette. His father was born in New York State and came at an early age to Ohio, where he spent his active career as a school teacher, and the last five years of his life were spespent ine home of his son Doctor Gillette at Toledo. Doctor Gillette's mother was a native of Canada. Much of Doctor Gillette's youth was spent in Fremont, Ohio, where he graduated from the high school and began his studies in medicine and surgery under Dr. D. H. Brinkerhoff and Dr. George E. Smith. Later he continued under Doctor Smith alone. With this preliminary preparation he entered the Cleveland Medical College, now the Western Reserve Medical College, and was graduated M. D. in 1879. For about 31/2 years Doctor Gillette practiced at Millersville, Ohio. He gave up a promising practice there in order to continue his studies abroad in the University of Goettingen, Germany. On returning to this country he practiced at Bettsville, Ohio, until 1887, when he came to Toledo. Since his removal to Toledo Doctor Gillette has confined his practice entirely to surgery, and it is as a surgeon that his greatest success has been attained and his reputation most widely extended. Shortly after locating at Toledo he again gave up his practice during the year 1889 and attended a course in abdominal surgery under the eminent Prof. Lawson Tait at Queen's College in Birmingham, England. Since then he has visited Europe a number of times for professional observation and improvement. - For about ten years Doctor Gillette was surgeon to the Toledo Hospital. In conjunction with Dr. D. E. Haag and some others, he took a leading part in establishing the Toledo Medical College, until recently the medical department of Toledo University, and from the beginning until it was closed devoted himself entirely and unselfishly to the building up HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 665 of that school. He was connected with it continuously for twenty-seven years. His first place on the teaching staff was the chair of gynecology, and afterwards he became professor of abdominal and clinical surgery. Doctor Gillette has gained a considerable reputation as a lecturer and instructor, and in that way has carried the influence of his individual experience and talent abroad and many of his former pupils are now successful practitioners in various parts of the country. About ten years ago Doctor Gillette organized and took charge of the Robinwood Hospital, to which his professional energies have since been mainly devoted. This institution now occupies an important position in Toledo and is indeed to be regarded as his personal enterprise. The handsome building, in one of the fine residence sections, was erected in 1905-06 and is held in trust and conducted by the Robinwood Avenue Hospital Association, which was incorporated March 16, 1906. The first patients were admitted to the hospital April 5, 1906. The hospital is thoroughly modern in its equipment and arrangement, and has a capacity of about sixty-five beds. From the first a training school for nurses has been maintained and in the ten years of its existence there has been more than fifty graduates. Doctor Gillette is a member of the Toledo Academy of Medicine, the Tri-State Medical Society, the Northwestern Ohio Medical Society, the State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. On December 18, 1884, he married Miss Charlotte A. Stack-house. Doctor Gillette and wife have eight children. SPENCER D. CARR. A banker nearly all his active life, Spencer D. Carr in his position as president of The National Bank of Commerce at Toledo is more than a local figure in financial circles. His name would be included in any group of leading Ohio bankers and his personal integrity and judgment have been influential factors in keeping up the highest financial standards in this section of the West. A New York man by birth, Spencer D. Carr was born at Chapinsville, January 24, 1847. He was reared on a farm and with a rural environment and such opportunities as are found there, his education was limited to the public schools of Clifton Springs, New York. On October 1, 1868, he came to Toledo, being then a little past twenty-one years of age. Since then he has been growing in capacity for service and in prominence, for almost a half a century. His first work was as bookkeeper with the firm of Warriner, Patrick & Company, and he was with them an even seven years. On October 1, 1875, just forty-one years ago, he severed his connection with that firm to become bookkeeper in The First National Bank of Toledo. With that institution he laid the foundation of his banking experience. When he resigned from The First National on October 1,1892, after seventeen years of continuous service, he was vice president, and in the meantime the institution had grown to immense size and influence. From The First National Bank Mr. Carr went at once to The National Bank of Commerce, in which he also became vice president. In 1894 at the annual meeting of the directors he was elected president, and has been chief executive officer now for nearly twenty-two years. The National Bank of Commerce by a recent statement shows total assets of over $11,000,000. Its capital is $1,000,000. its surplus and profits nearly $370,000, and its deposits aggregate over $8,500,000. The officers are : S. D. Carr, president ; R. B. Crane and E. Claude Edwards, vice presidents ; George W. Walbridge, cashier ; W. L. Lamb and George L. Mills, assistant cashiers ; and Alex. L. Smith, general counsel. Mr. Carr has himself been very influential in building up the institution to its present high mark, and for forty-one years he has been pre-eminently a banker. He is also treasurer of the Toledo Rail-Light Company, and president of The Toledo Steel Castings Company. His home and business associations have been in Toledo for more than forty years. However, for six years up to three years ago Mr. Carr resided at Morenci, Lenawee County, Michigan, where he had a fine country estate of 100 acres. From this home he came in each morning and went out each evening between home and bank by the Interurban Railway. Eventually this proved too much of a hardship, and in 1913 he sold the country place, and returning to Toledo has since occupied a home on Robinwood Avenue. Though very successful Mr. Carr still retains the democratic simplicity of manner which has always been a chief source of his popularity. He is a member of the Toledo Commerce Club, the Toledo Club, the Toledo Yacht Club, and has given generously to charity, particularly to those noble institutions of the Young Men's Christian Association and the Toledo Newsboys' Association. 666 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO COL. SHELDON CLARK REYNOLDS. In the death of Col. Sheldon C. Reynolds on November 22, 1912, Toledo lost a citizen who in a peculiarly effective way combined both faith and works. He was never a public man in the sense of an office-holder, though his career brought to Toledo a far reaching and substantial benefit. Colonel Reynolds had vision. But his ideals were constructive, and when it came to carrying out his plans and purposes he was one of the most practical of men. A great many years ago he became identified with the flour milling and grain business. He selected Toledo as the scene of his operations. From the first he linked his own fortunes with that of the rising city on the southern shores of Lake Erie. It was his distinction to become the first great grain merchant in the city. More than any other individual factor he made Toledo one of the chief grain ports around the Great Lakes. His career meant so much to Toledo that it is only necessary to present the facts of his career to indicate his prominence. He was born in Essex County, New York, November 29, 1835. He was nearly seventy-eight years of age when death called him. He was the youngest son among the ten children of Jesse and Sarah (Sheldon) Reynolds. His father was born in Dutchess County, New York, September 15, 1793, and served as a soldier during the second war with Great Britain, better known as the War of 1812. By occupation he was a farmer, and a thrifty, substantial New York citizen. His death occurred December 10, 1853. Colonel Reynolds' mother was born September 6, 1794, and died July 20, 1851. His early environment was that of a New York State farm. When fourteen years old he went to Bridgeport, Vermont, and spent the next two years in the home of his sister. At the age of sixteen he entered the employ of his brothers, W. R. and W. B. Reynolds, who were at that time engaged in a general dry goods business at Jackson, Michigan. With three years of experience there he bought the interests of his brother, W. R., and for one year was a partner of the other brother, W. B. Reynolds. The second brother then transferred his interests to W. R. Reynolds and the firm of W. R. Reynolds and S. C. Reynolds continued a prosperous existence at Jackson for fourteen years, until 1869. The advent of the Reynolds brothers to Toledo in 1869 was much -more significant when considered from the present point of view than it was looked upon at the time. On coming to the city the brothers bought the Armanda Flouring Mills, an industry that was soon in a prosperous condition under the firm name of Reynolds Brothers. In 1872 W. B. Reynolds sold his interest to the other brothers and in 1875 the mill property was sold to other parties altogether. At that time Col. S. C. Reynolds entered the grain commission business. Associated with him was Charles L. Reynolds, his nephew, a son of W. R. Reynolds. Later Colonel Reynolds' son, Frederick J., and Mr. J. H. Bowman were added to the firm. The transactions of this firm for the year 1875 totaled 2,000 carloads of grain. Ten years later, in 1885, this one firm handled 85,000 carloads. That was a banner year, and the records show that no other individual firm in the United States handled a larger amount of grain that year. Some idea of Colonel Reynolds' progressiveness in making Toledo a grain port is found in the statement that he was the first grain merchant to bring carloads of wheat and other foodstuffs to Toledo from west of the Mississippi .and Missouri rivers. He built up a splendid and far-reaching industry, with connections all over the West covering the great grain areas north and .south, and he was in close touch with the market centers of the entire globe. It should be no exaggeration to attach to Colonel Reynolds the title of captain of industry. For forty-three years he was really and truly a leader in the big affairs that made. the City of Toledo what it is. His operations naturally extended to a broad field. He was a banker, and a dominating influence in the general industrial and commercial advancement of the city. He not only helped to lay the foundation but to rear the superstructure of much that is considered most enduring and permanent in the present fortunes of this late port. Up to the time of his death at advanced years he maintained his position of influence in financial and commercial affairs. He held large interests in the city's most important banking institutions, and his work as a founder, promoter and director could hardly be described within the space of a few pages. He was at one time the largest stockholder in the First National Bank, also was a large stockholder in the Second National Bank and Toledo Savings Bank & Trust Company, and was interested in various other financial institutions. He was a member and the largest stockholder in the Produce Exchange, and among the first to start the movement which HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 667 brought about the erection of the Produce Exchange Building on Madison Street. For more than twenty years, up to a month before his death, he was a director of the Wabash Railroad Company. He served in a similar capacity for the Hocking Valley Railway, the Wheeling & Lake Erie and the Kanawha & Michigan Railway. At the time of his death he was chairman of the board of directors of the First National Bank, which he had formerly served as president, and of which his son, Frederick J., is now president. For a number of years he was president of the Lake Erie Transportation Company, and the banner ship of that line bears his name, The S. C. Reynolds. Colonel Reynolds is survived by his widow, Mrs. Martha A. Reynolds, and one son, Frederick J. He and his wife were the parents of four children, three of whom died in infancy. Though not a member, Colonel Reynolds was for more than thirty-five years a liberal supporter of the Trinity Episcopal Church. Perhaps his favorite form of recreation was sailing on the Great Lakes, and his beautiful steam yacht, The Sigma, carried him to practically every port and harbor around the circuit of these inland waters. FREDERICK J. REYNOLDS. A son of the late Sheldon Clark Reynolds, who was one of the most conspicuous figures in business, financial and railroad interests in the State of Ohio, Frederick Jesse Reynolds has exhibited the same business calibre of his honored father, and for a number of years has been an official and is now president of the First National Bank of Toledo, one of the largest and most influential banking houses of the Middle West. The First National Bank of Toledo was established in 1863, the same year the National Banking Act became a law. At the present time the resources of this institution aggregate approximately $10,000,000. The capital is $500,000, and the surplus and undivided profits amount to $250,000. The great strength of the bank as reflected in its assets is supplemented by the integrity of its officers and directors. Besides Mr. Reynolds as president, the three vice presidents are Rathbun Fuller, John N. Willys and Harold S. Reynolds, while Joseph M. Spencer is vice president and cashier. These officials and the other directors are all men conspicuous in Toledo business and finance. Frederick Jesse Reynolds was born in Jackson, Michigan, August 25, 1857, and represents some of the old American stock, the first of the family having come to this country and settled at Providence, Rhode Island, in 1632. Some of his ancestors fought in the Revolutionary war. Educated in the Toledo public schools and finishing with courses in business and collegiate institutions, Frederick J. Reynolds gained his practical business experience as clerk in the office of Reynolds Brothers, grain merchants, and after five years he was admitted to the firm and continued actively associated with the business until its affairs were wound up. In 1887 Mr. Reynolds became vice president and general manager of the Toledo & Michigan Belt Railway Company, and was chief managing executive for the company until it was absorbed by the Michigan Central Railroad. Mr. Reynolds first became actively identified with the First National Bank of Toledo in 1897 in the capacity of director, and in 1898 was made one of the vice presidents. In 1909 he succeeded S. C. Schenck as president. He is also a director of the Hocking Valley Railroad Company, and a director of the Mather Springs Company. He also belongs to the Produce Exchange of New York and the Toledo Commerce Club, and has social relations with Toledo Club, Toledo Country Club, Middle Bass Club, Toledo Yacht Club, Bankers' Club of New York, the Ohio Society of New York, and in Masonry has attained the thirty-second degree of Scottish Rite. He is a vestryman of Trinity Episcopal Church. In New York City, October 4, 1882, Mr. Reynolds married Miss Ida Louise Stone, daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Sarah Jane (White) Stone. Mrs. Reynolds died at Pasadena, California, February 12, 1915. Her husband, Frederick J. Reynolds, and a daughter, Miss Kathryn, were with her at the time. They had left with a party just a few days previously to spend several weeks on the coast, and Mrs. Reynolds was apparently in good health, and her death was the result of laryngitis. She was laid to rest in Toledo. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds became the parents of four children : Harold Sheldon, Natalie, Dorothy and Kathryn. All were born in Toledo and received their education there, while the daughters attended the Dobbs Ferry School for Girls in New York, and the son, Harold, was educated in Toledo and finished at the University of Michigan. Harold S. Reynolds, as already mentioned, is 668 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO now vice president of the First National Bank of Toledo. He married Miss Rachel Ketcham, a granddaughter of the late V. H. Ketcham. Their two children are Mary Virginia and Rachel Ketcham. The daughter Natalie married Roland A. Spitzer, who died May 20, 1916, a son of A. L. Spitzer of Toledo, and besides his wife left two sons named Philip Adelbert and Frederick Reynolds Spitzer. Dorothy married Joseph W. Robinson, a son of J. D. Robinson of the Libby Glass Works at Toledo. Kathryn was married June 14, 1916, to Augustus Barrett Richardson, son of S. O. Richardson, Jr., of Toledo, Ohio. GEORGE R. LOVE, M. D. In no line has medical science, the world over, been so taxed or made such notable progress as in that pertaining to the care, protection and scientific treatment of that sad army of unfortunates suffering from impaired conditions of their mental functions. Perhaps there is no more deplorable page in history than that relating to old-time superstitions.concerning the insane and the inhumanities practiced in restraining them. Happily, in every country in modern days, where civilization has made advances, a flood of light has been turned in this direction and in the United States are to be found protective public homes for all these sufferers and in many states, especially Ohio, the enlightened treatment that trained scientific medical men can give. One of the best equipped institutions of the kind above referred to is the Hospital for the Insane, at Toledo, Ohio, which has been called a model in all its departments. Its imposing structures are beautifully located and surrounded with attractive grounds of large extent, in which shrubbery and winding walks and driveways give the appearance of a peaceful park. Its various buildings are well adapted to the purposes for which they were especially constructed and every effort is made here to provide the best mental atmosphere as well as physical, to restore reason to irresponsibles or to mitigate the condition of those whose mentality has been destroyed. For this task no more sincere or better qualified physician could have been secured than Dr. George R. Love, the present superintendent. George R. Love, superintendent of the State Hospital for the Insane, at Toledo, is a native of Ohio, born at Plainfield, January 21, 1869. His parents were Joseph and Margaret (Rusk) Love, the latter of whom, born at Cambridge, Ohio, died in 1898 in Coshocton County. Joseph Love, father of Doctor Love, was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, afterward became a farmer and in early manhood came to Ohio. During the Civil war he served in the commissary department and also as a musician. He was married after locating at Jacobsport, now Plainfield, and of his family of eight children there are seven surviving. For a number of years he has been the public librarian at Coshocton, Ohio, his present place of residence. After completing the public school course in Coshocton County, George R. Love became a student in the Ohio State University, and afterward in Starling Medical College, Columbus, from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1897. Shortly afterward he was appointed house surgeon in the Miami Valley Hospital, where he continued one year and then came to Toledo, and for some time was house surgeon in the Toledo Hospital. In October, 1898, he was appointed a member of the staff of that institution and served as assistant to Dr. H. H. Tobey, then superintendent, for six consecutive years. Retiring then from institutional work, Doctor Love embarked in private practice, in which he was engaged for eighteen months, when a vacancy occurred in the office of superintendent of the State Hospital for the Insane. On February 19, 1906, Doctor Love was selected for this responsible position, one in which he has served with marked efficiency ever since. In large measure the present satisfactory conditions prevailing at the institution must be attributed to his administrative ability as well as his medical capacity. He is in perfect accord with the reasonable non-restraint method of treatment of patients advocated by modern medical scientists, and believes that the prevention of insanity will be one of the greatest medical problems to solve in the future, adopting, with other of his learned brethren, new methods of curing some of the oldest of maladies. Doctor Love was married October 11, 1904, to Miss Helen Josephine Deering, and they have one son, George Deering, who was born April 26, 1907. Mrs. Love was born at Saco, Maine, and was educated at LaSalle Seminary, in Massachusetts. Doctor Love is a member of the Toledo Academy of Medicine and is a life member of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society. He owns what is probably the finest private library in the city, one that includes HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 669 some rare and valuable works. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. A thirty-second degree Mason, he is widely known in the fraternity. GEN. ISAAC R. SHERWOOD. It iS given to few men to fill the years of a long life with such varied services and distinguished positions as have fallen to the lot of General Sherwood, of Toledo. General Sherwood has been a resident of Toledo for nearly half a century. He was one of Ohio's splendid soldiers in the Civil war, from which he came out with the brevet rank of brigadier-general of volunteers. He was trained as a lawyer, but by experience has been more of a newspaper man and writer than an attorney. He filled the office of probate judge in Ohio for a number of years, was secretary of state four years, and since 1907 has been best known in Ohio and in the nation at large as representative from the Ninth Ohio District in Congress. His name will long be associated with the authorship of the "Sherwood Bill." His individual career has been the flowering of a splendid American ancestry. He is descended from Dr. Thomas Sherwood who sailed from Ipswich, England, in 1634 and settled at Fairfield, Connecticut. General Sherwood's mother, Maria Yeomans, was born in New York City of Scotch descent. General Sherwood's grandfathers, Isaac Sherwood and Peter Yeomans, and his great-grandfather, Samuel Sherwood, were all Revolutionary soldiers. Isaac R. Sherwood was born in Stanford, Dutchess County, New York, August 13, 1835, a son of Aaron and Maria (Yeomans) Sherwood. Beginning his education in the country schools in 1852 at the age of fifteen he entered the Hudson River Institute at Cleverick, New York. A little later he came to Ohio, and in 1854 became a student in Antioch College, which was then the leading institution of higher education in Ohio, with the celebrated Horace Alarm as president. He remained a student there during 1854-56 and continued his studies in the Ohio Law College at Poland, and in 1859 was granted the degree LL. B. by the college. Instead of the law he utilized a knowledge of printing, and in 1857 bought the Williams County Gazette at Bryan, Ohio. He was then twenty-two years of age. Though young, he stood shoulder to shoulder with the able men who were then the guiding spirit of Ohio politics and statesmanship, and he used his paper to formulate opinion in that critical period of national history. Three years later, in 1860, he was elected probate judge of Williams County, his official term beginning in February, 1861. A few months later Fort Sumter was fired upon. On April 16th, the day following Lincoln's call for volunteers, a large and enthusiastic war meeting was held at Bryan, and young Sherwood was the first to offer his services as a soldier. He enlisted as a private in the Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, under Col., afterwards Gen., James B. Steedman. His military record briefly stated is as follows ; private Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, April 22 to August 13, 1861; first lieutenant adjutant, One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio Infantry, September 6, 1862; major, February 13, 1863; lieutenant-colonel, February 12, 1864 ; brevetted brigadier general of volunteers, February 27, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious services" at battle of Resaca, June 14, 1864, Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864, and at Nashville, December 15, 1864 ; honorably mustered out June 27, 1865. General Sherwood is one of the few veterans still living who write with authority on the great personalities and events of the Civil war period. Only recently there appeared in the Toledo Daily Blade under his signature an interesting article in which he described some of the famous war horses of the noted generals of the war, and in the course of which General Sherwood stated that he had witnessed some sixty brigadier and major generals of the war under fire. In that article he gives a tribute to his first colonel, James B. Steedman, whom General Thomas praised as having saved the army at the battle of Chickamauga. "I am proud," says General Sherwood, "that I took my first lessons in war under General Steedman, when he was colonel of the Fourteenth Ohio. As a private of Company C of that regiment I saw General Steedman take his first baptism of fire in two brisk fights in West Virginia; first at Phillipi and next at Carrick's Ford. I marked Steed-man then as a soldier of true mettle and high quality." General Sherwood was also at the battle of Laurel Mountain in the West Virginian campaign. After the expiration of his three months' term he assisted in recruiting the One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio Infantry, and was mustered in with the regiment at Toledo, and became adjutant with the rank of first lieutenant. His promotion to major 670 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO was upon the recommendation of all the officers of his regiment. On September 8, 1864, following his promotion on February 2, of that year as lieutenant-colonel, he was brevetted colonel, and owing to the illness of the ranking officer he commanded the regiment throughout its entire field service, beginning with the John Morgan campaign in Kentucky in 1863 until the muster out in July, 1865. This service embraced over forty battles and engagements. In the East Tennessee campaign at the battle of Campbell's Station, he lost the hearing of his right ear from the concussion of a shell. He commanded his regiment in all the battles of the Atlanta campaign, and after the battles of Franklin and Nashville, upon recommendation of the officers of his brigade and division, was made brigadier-general by President Lincoln. This action of the president was prompted by a paper prepared at Nashville four days after the battle of Franklin by the officers and soldiers of the regiment and addressed directly to the commander-in-chief of the army. This paper read as follows: "Lieutenant-Colonel Sherwood has proved himself one of the most gallant, daring and efficient officers of the army. It has been the good fortune of the regiment to be led by him in every engagement in which we have participated since we entered the field, and the cool, determined bravery displayed by him on every occasion, particularly that on the bloody field of Resaca and the terrible struggle at Franklin, is an example worthy the emulation of all true soldiers." This testimonial was signed by every officer of the regiment, and also by the line officers' of the brigade. For a great many years General Sherwood has been one of the prominent members of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. While in Congress he has served as chairman of the committee on invalid pensions and it was his work in that committee and on the floor of the House that affixed his name to the pension law known as the Sherwood Bill. After the war General Sherwood returned to Ohio and resumed the newspaper business as publisher of the Press at Bryan. For a year he was editor of the Toledo Commercial, beginning in 1865, and was editorial writer on the Cleveland Leader, 1865-66. In 1868 he was elected secretary of state, being re-elected in 1870 and holding that office four years, from 1869 to 1873. While Ohio Secretary of State, General Sherwood organized the Bureau of Statistics which for more than forty years has been one of the most valuable departments in the state government. In 1872 he was elected to the Forty-third Congress. from the Sixth Congressional District of Ohio. Up to that time he had been a republican, but he was unable to remain with the party organization on many of the new issues which were then growing up, and on account, of his divergent views on the financial question he was denied renomination in the next campaign. In 1875, after retiring from Congress, General Sherwood bought the Toledo Journal and was its editor for nine years, until 1883. In the meantime another important distinction came to him in public affairs with his election in 1878 as probate judge of Lucas County on the national or greenback ticket. He was re-elected in 1881 as a democrat and independent, and altogether gave six years to the delicate and responsible administration required by that office. On leaving the office of probate judge he again devoted all his attention to newspaper work, and from 1888 to 1898 was editor of the News-Democrat at Canton. For almost two generations General Sherwood has been prominent in the discussion of political and social problems, both as a campaign speaker and as a writer. For many years he has been regarded as one of the strongest leaders in the ranks of progressive democrats in Ohio. He is now one of Ohio's elder statesmen and he still speaks with the authority derived from a remarkable experience covering more than half a century of state and national life. Only recently, in the fall of 1915, he declared himself a vigorous exponent of the growing sentiment for world peace and the suppression of a militarism. which he considers to be compounded of undue apprehension for .national safety and the insidious influence of an organized scheme promoted by the great corporations most directly interested in and benefitted by increased armament. In 1906 General Sherwood accepted the nomination for Congress in the Ninth Ohio District, and after a vigorous campaign was elected, although the same district in 1904 had given Roosevelt a majority of 19,936. In 1908 he was re-elected by a greatly increased majority, and was re-elected in 1910, 1912 and 1914, so that with .the expiration of his term in the Sixty-fourth Congress he will have been a member of that body continuously HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 671 for a decade. Whether in the committee room or on the floor of the House, General Sher-wood's presence in the national Legislature has been a wholesome and stimulating influence, characterized by independence of thought and action and a loving loyalty to the best interests of the nation at large. Among all these duties, and with the growing burden of years, General Sherwood has kept up his contributions of political and historical articles to newspapers and magazines. He also published an illustrated poem entitled "The Army Grayback," which in book form ran through three editions. On September 1, 1859, General Sherwood married Miss Kate Brownlee, who gained national reputation as an author and who died at Washington, District of Columbia, February 16, 1914. As one of the distinguished women of Northwestern Ohio her life is the subject of a separate article. There are three children : Katherine is the wife of Samuel H. Roberts, a Chicago attorney whose home is in Wilmette, a suburb of that city. James B. Sherwood is editor and publisher of the Portage County Democrat at Ravenna, Ohio. Eleanor Kate lives at home with her father in Toledo. KATE BROWNLEE SHERWOOD. For a great many years before her death, which occurred in the Congress Hall Hotel at Washington, District of Columbia, February 16, 1914, Kate Brownlee Sherwood, wife of Congressman Isaac R. Sherwood, of Toledo, was recognized as one of Ohio's most distinguished women, and one whose attainments as an author and in many of the larger organizations of women, gave her a national prominence. She was born at Poland, near Youngstown, Ohio, September 24, 1841, and her death came at the close of a long and fruitful career. She always considered Ohio her home state. Her parents were Judge James and Rebecca (Mullen) Brownlee, and her father was a man of note in the early days of Eastern Ohio. She was educated in the Union Seminary at Poland, and while still a student on September 1, 1859, she married Isaac R. Sherwood, who was at that time publishing a paper at Bryan, Ohio, and a year or so later left his young wife to enter the army and win distinction on numerous battlefields. From first to last she was a sharer in and a most important factor in the success of General Sherwood. Her devotion to his interests won recognition from his many distinguished party associates. When Secretary of State Bryan addressed the democrats at the Jackson Day banquet in Toledo, he spoke of the absence of General Sherwood, who was then at the bedside of his wife, and said : "I sympathize with him the more fully because I know what it is to have a wife who fights with you." A young girl of eighteen at the time of her marriage, as the wife of a newspaper man she found a new field for the literary ability which she had already shown in school. For ten years she edited the Toledo Journal, and she edited a page in the National Tribune, the official publication of the National Grand Army of the Republic for twenty years, and contributed political satires to the New York Sun when it was under the management of Charles Dana. For years she was Washington correspondent for a newspaper syndicate after she went to Washington with Congressman Sherwood. She also wrote European letters for the American Press Association and contributed to numerous magazines. As an author she produced six volumes, including two volumes of verse. Much of her verse, collected under the titles Camp Fire and Memorial Poems and Dream of the '80s, a poem of Columbia, published in 1893, are of patriotic flavor and deal with the Civil war and its incidents. Among her other writings are many poems that are found in standard collections of verse, such as Through the Year with the Poets, Tributes to Shakespeare, Every Day in the Year, Ballads of Bravery, etc. Her poem, The Flag that Makes Men Free, his had a circulation of more than 100,000 copies and has been recited at patriotic gatherings all over the country. Many of the patriotic playlets of which she was the author have been used extensively in the schools of the country. One of her last songs was Freedom Triumphant written for the Encampment of the National Grand Army of the Republic held at Toledo. The song was set to music by Arthur W. Kortheuer. The Sororis of New York, of which Mrs. Sherwood was a charter member, used for years in its anniversary celebrations a poem written by Mrs. Sherwood. She was often chosen singer at national events, including Grand Army reunions. An unusual distinction paid to Mrs. Sherwood was that she was the only Northern poet ever invited by members of the. Southern Confederacy to celebrate the heroism of a 672 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Southern soldier. She was asked to write the poem for the unveiling of the equestrian statue of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston at New Orleans. Her literary labors were not confined to original productions. A skilled linguist, she did much valuable work as a translator, particularly from the French and German, and among her published translations are those of the works of Heine, Goethe and Bodenstedd. In her large library was a case filled with books autographed by their authors, with whom she had many interesting associations. As a leader in the woman's movement, she found the mainspring of her endeavors in the Grand Army of the Republic and its auxiliary organizations. She also gave her time and strength to woman's clubs and the cause of woman's suffrage. She was president of the woman's committee at the time the National Grand Army of the Republic held its encampment in Toledo in 1908, and largely through her efforts was the great success of that event due. Her ability as an organizer was given in establishing auxiliary societies of the Grand Army of the Republic. In 1879 she organized Forsythe Post, Woman's Auxiliary, and established a number of similar societies throughout the West. All these in 1883 were united with the New England societies to form the Woman's Relief Corps. She was the organizing secretary of the National Corps, was the first national senior vice president, and was the second national president. Much of her most important work was done as chairman of the committee on pensions for. army nurses and later of the committee on pensions for soldiers' widows. Among many tributes .paid to her work under the auspices of the Grand Army was one given during the Denver Encampment in 1905, when Commander in Chief John R. King, of Boston, appointed her to serve with two Massachusetts women as honorary aides on his staff. Her last public appearance was at Arlington on Memorial Day, 1911, when she read an original poem, an ode entitled "Arlington, 1861-1911." Beside her on the platform sat President Taft and as she went forward to read the ode her escort was the gallant Major Archibald Butt, aide to the president, and later one of the lamented victims of the Titanic disaster. In the first call for a national congress of women she was given the place of first vice president for Ohio, and was afterwards closely associated with the national council of women. She did much in behalf of -patriotic teaching as a member of the National Committee of the Daughters of the American Revolution. For years she was recognized as a leader among the women of Toledo and Ohio. She was one of the chief members of the Women's Educational Club and at one time its president. She was a suffragist because she believed that the sexes should co-operate along the lines of progress, home and society. She was therefore one of those who guided the destinies of the Toledo Woman Suffrage Association. She was a member and for some time president of the Toledo Memorial Association and a worker in the Complete Educational League, which was organized by the late Mayor Jones to support the movement for children's playgrounds, vocational schools and children's outings. She organized and conducted for ten years the Toledo Centre University Extension Society, of which she was secretary, and which has been recognized as the best managed and most successful society of its kind in the country. She was also at one time honorary president of the Ohio Newspaper Women's Association. A Presbyterian, she was a woman of broadly tolerant views, and could identify herself readily with all classes of men and women banded together for social betterment. It was well said that "she loved people, not in an abstract, detached way, but with the spirit of true fraternity. She was a Christian socialist in the broad meaning or, as she said, a primitive Christian, in that she took the teachings of Christ literally and gave to the needy to the limits of her means." She was much opposed to the wearing of mourning as a mark of hopeless grief, since she held it to be a Pagan custom and not consistent with the Christian belief of personal immortality. After General Sherwood went to Washington, to represent the Ninth Ohio District in 1907, Mrs. Sherwood was one of the most popular women in congressional circles in that city. The Washington Star spoke of her as one of the "brightest minds in the club of congressional women." However, it is to be noted that she was more interested in artistic affairs and in organized social movements, than in the conventional round of Washington society. She was an intimate friend of Secretary and Mrs. Bryan and also of Mrs. John A. Logan, and with Mrs. Logan HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 673 she shared an interest in literary affairs and accomplishments. The funeral services were held in the Congress Hall Hotel, those in charge being Rev. Paul Hickok, pastor of the Presbyterian Church which Mrs. Sherwood attended, and Rev. Henry N. Couden, the blind chaplain of the House of Representatives. As would be expected from her long and prominent associations, there were numberless tributes and messages and tokens of love and respect in the form of flowers sent by many distinguished personages and organizations. Some of the flowers from the White House Conservatory were sent by Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, and Mr. Bryan, then secretary of state, read at the funeral a selection on the immortality of the soul from his lecture The Prince of Peace. From early youth her life was irradiated by ideals and her career was one of beautiful and disinterested service, not only to her husband and children but to those broader and larger movements which are translated into the real life of the people and the nation. ROBINSON LOCKE is one of the best known newspaper men in the United States, and since the death of his father, the famous Petroleum V. Nasby, has been active head of the Toledo Blade Company. A son of David Ross and Martha H. (Bodine) Locke, his noted .father being the subject of a sketch on other pages, Robinson Locke was born in Plymouth, Richland County, Ohio, March 15, 1856. It was in the Town of Plymouth that his father made his first efforts as an independent newspaper publisher and editor. Robinson Locke was named in honor of his father's partner in that venture. For fully half a century the name Locke has been closely identified with the fortunes and with the development of the Toledo Blade, which in many ways stands second to none as an influential paper in the United States, and is indeed one of the most valuable newspaper plants. The Blade is the leading daily in Northwestern Ohio, and for two generations has been a power politically and otherwise. Robinson Locke was brought up in the newspaper business, and has devoted to the profession the best efforts of his career. The Locke family is of English origin, and the first to come to America arrived from England about 1665 and located at Woburn in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Later the family removed to New York State, where the late David R. Locke was born, and from there came to Ohio during the decade of the '40s. Robinson Locke was educated in the graded schools and the high school of Toledo, and during 1881-83 pursued studies in languages, arts and music in Zurich, Switzerland, and Paris, France. He has been engaged in newspaper work continuously since 1873 with the exception of five years spent abroad in gaining his education and from 1883 to 1885 as United States Consul at Newcastle-on- Tyne, England. He was seventeen years of age when he did his first practical newspaper work in 1873, and has since filled every position from police reporter to president of the company. In 1888, shortly after his father's death, he was elected president of the Toledo Blade Company, and that position has come to him not only through inheritance but is held as appropriate to his thorough ability and training as a journalist. The Blade Company publishes and owns the daily and weekly Blade, and there is perhaps no weekly newspaper in the country which has a wider circulation and influence than the Toledo Blade. In 1885 Mr. Locke took active charge of the Evening Blade and built it up from a small paper to one publishing daily twelve to thirty-two pages of reading and advertising matter, and possessing one of the best advertising clienteles in the state. In politics Mr. Locke is a republican, and has done much as an individual newspaper man and through the columns of his paper to make the party successful in the Middle West. It was from President Arthur that he received his appointment as consul at Newcastleon-Tyne in 1883, and in 1885 he was removed' from the office by President Cleveland for alleged "offensive partisanship." He was elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia in 1900, when William McKinley was renominated for president and Theodore Roosevelt was forced to accept the vice presidential nomination. Besides his business as head of the Blade Company, Mr. Locke is a stockholder in a number of local enterprises, and is a director in the Northern National Bank. His work as a newspaper man, and his interests in music, the dramatic art, and other affairs make him known all over the country. He served as president of the Toledo Symphony Orchestra from its organization. He was a trustee for many years of the Toledo Museum of Art. He enjoys the distinction of 674 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO being a thirty-third degree Mason. He is a member of the Toledo Club, the Toledo Commerce Club, the Country Club of Toledo, the Toledo Yacht Club, the Rowfant Club of Cleveland, the Bibliophile Society of Boston, and is a member of the National Institute of Social Service of Washington, District of Columbia. Mr. Locke is a traveler who has seen much of the world and the chief points of interest in Europe and the Oriental countries, but perhaps above all else is a lover of books. In his home he has a collection of rare literary productions and illuminated manuscripts, and is credited with having the largest private library in the city. His gallery of photographs and biographies of players include all the modern notables of the American stage, and is a rare and unique collection. Of late years he has devoted much of his literary work to dramatic subjects, and under the pen name of "Rodney Lee" has discussed plays and players in many instructive and entertaining articles. Mr. Locke was married July 15, 1886, to Miss Kate King of Toledo. She died Janary 6, 1894. On July 21, 1909, he married Miss Mabel Dixey of Yonkers, New York. Their home in Toledo is at 1305 Jefferson Avenue. HON. CARL H. KELLER. Professionally Mr. Keller probably deserves first rank among the expert patent lawyers of Northern Ohio. He has also for a number of years been quite active in political affairs, has served in the State Senate, and became widely known as head of the municipal government of Toledo. There is probably no other official in Northwestern Ohio who has larger responsibilities than the mayor of Toledo. In the judgment of the best informed people Mr. Keller's administration was productive of a great many substantial benefits. He is prompt in action, possessed of that moral fearlessness which is often subjected to severe tests in such a position, and throughout his influence was on the side of real betterment and progress. It was as a native son of Toledo that he was thus honored by the highest office in the gift of his fellow citizens. Carl H. Keller was born in Toledo, January 9, 1875, a son of John Jacob and Christiana (Mathias) Keller. His parents were born in Germany, but have lived in Toledo most of their lives. John J. Keller came to the United States in 1849, landing in New York City, and two years later arrived in Toledo, which city was his home for more than sixty years. He died March 27, 1915, aged eighty-four years. The mother came ,to the United States when a small girl, with her brother Louis Mathias, now ninety years of age, and whose name should also be recalled as one of the honored early settlers of Toledo. He was well known in musical circles in Toledo. John J. Keller was for many years engaged in the manufacture of vinegar at Toledo, but retired from active business in 1880. For a period of eighteen years from 1890 to 1908 he served as assessor of the first ward. In the family were six children, four sons and two daughters, but only three sons are now living: Julius G., the oldest son, has been a traveling salesman for the wholesale drug firm of Walding, Kinnan & Marvin, of Toledo, for nearly a quarter of a century. August F., second son, is now a captain in the Toledo Fire Department. He is a veteran of the Spanish-American war, and although that period of hostilities was of short duration he has perhaps the unique distinction of having two honorable discharges from the military service. He first enlisted in an artillery company, but soon realized that he could hardly expect to see actual service by remaining in that organization. He accordingly secured a discharge and later enlisted with the infantry. It would have satisfied his highest ambition to have gone to Cuba and get a taste of real warfare, but the fates decided otherwise and he was honorably discharged from his regiment without having left the shores of his own country. Carl H. Keller is a lawyer by profession and enjoys a high position in the Toledo bar. As a boy he attended the local public schools, graduated from the high school in 1893 and soon afterward took up the study of law and continued it with characteristic diligence until he successfully passed the bar examination. He was admitted to practice in 1898, and almost from the beginning he determined upon specialization as a patent attorney. In a few years he had gained a reputation in that branch of the law and has long been recognized as one of the expert patent lawyers of Northern Ohio. Since he cast his first vote Mr. Keller has been a vigorous partisan in the republican interests. In 1908 he was the successful candidate of his party for the office of state senator. During the following sessions of the State Legislature he won recognition as a hard working and painstaking student of