ments were captured and destroyed by the enemy. Governor Tiffin died in Chillicothe, where he held the position of Surveyor-General of the West, mourned by the entire people of his State, who loved and honored him. RETURN JONATHAN MEIGS, JR., of Washington County, was elected successor to Governor Tiffin, in 1807, but he did not take hold of the office, as the General Assembly decided that he had not been a resident of the State long enough to be eligible for election. The President of the Senate, Thomas Kirker, of Adams County, thereupon became active Governor. He was of Irish extraction, a member of the Constitutional Convention and had taken an active part in forming the new State. He also had been a representative from Adams County in both branches of the General Assembly of Ohio for many years, at times serving as presiding officer of each body. The year following the election of Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, of Trumbull County, was elected Governor. He was a native of Connecticut, being born in Norwich, in 1765 ; graduated from Yale in 1795, practiced law at Norwich and was sent by owners of Western Reserve lands to Ohio to examine their property. After his arrival in Ohio he decided to live here, was admitted to the bar at Marietta in 1800 and represented Trumbull County in the Constitutional Convention and State Senate. At the time of his election to the office of Governor he was Judge of the Supreme Court. Governor Huntington's administration was stormy, its chief distinction being the "Sweeping resolution," which was, happily, an unsuccessful attempt to subordinate the judiciary to the Legislature. He died in February, 1817, at Painesville, Ohio. RETURN JONATHAN MEIGS, JR., who was elected Governor of Ohio in 1809, and served two terms, enjoys the distinction of being the first war Governor of the Buckeye State. He was born in Connecticut, a graduate of Yale, a member of the first Territorial Legislature and Judge of the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territory, also of the Louisiana Territory and the Supreme Court of Ohio. At the time of his election as Governor of Ohio he was a member of the United States Senate, from which body he resigned to assume the duties of his new office. He was an able and active man, and during the war of 1812, when Ohio became the field of action, he rendered much valuable service to the country's cause. He subseouently resigned the Governorship to become Postmaster-General of the United States, which office he held for more than nine years. Othniel Looker, of Hamilton County, being Speaker of the Senate, filled out Meigs' unexpired term. THOMAS WORTHINGTON, the next Governor, who also served two terms, came from Ross County. He was a native of the State of Virginia, and an early settler of Chillicothe, where he became a prominent member of th.e party against St. Clair and their representative in Washington. Governor Worthington also was a member of both Territorial Legislatures, the Constitutional Convention and one of the first two Senators sent by Ohio to Congress. As Governor, Worthington was a strong advocate of public schools and improved transportation facilities, the encouragement of manufacturies and the reform of banking. Salmon P. Chaise said of Worthington : "He was the father of internal improvements, of the Great National Road and of the Erie Canal." Governor Worthington was a statesman of great ability, a scholar and a polished gentleman. His beautiful home, "Adena," which was finished in 1805, while he represented Ohio in the United States Senate, was a model of beauty and elegance. It is a substantial residence, still standing on the elevated land northwest of the city of Chillicothe, and was in its days deemed the finest mansion west of the Alleghenies. ETHAN ALLEN BROWN, the next Governor of Ohio, was a native of Connecticut, He was an early settler of Hamilton County and a Judge of the Supreme Court at the - 200 - time of his election. Governor Brown's administration was marked by its enthusiasm for the building of canals and the establishment of free schools, and it was troubled by the results of bad banking and unwise credits for land., Being elected to the United States Senate, Governor Brown resigned in 1822, and Allen Trimble, Speaker of the Senate, became active Governor, until JEREMIAH MORROW, of Warren County, was elected to that office. He was a distinguished gentleman, who served the State of his adoption long and faithfully. Born in Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, he came to Ohio in 1796, where he took an energetic and active part in all public affairs. He was a leader of men, whose common sense, honesty, frankness and thorough knowledge of the questions coming before him commanded the implicit confidence and respect of all men. Previous to his election as Governor he was a member of the Second Territorial Assembly, and the first, and for ten years the only representative of the State in the lower house of Congress. He also served one term in the United States Senate. After the close of his two terms as Governor he served in both branches of the General Assembly, and closed his career with two terms in Congress when over seventy years of age. As Governor he was industrious in encouraging the construction of canals and other public improvements, and his administration saw the beginning of work on both the canal systems of Ohio and the National Road. ALLEN TRIMBLE, who, after the resignation of Ethan Allen Brown, had already served as acting Governor, became the successor to Jeremiah Morrow. He was a native of Virginia and a resident of Highland County, Ohio, when elected to the office of Governor. Mr. Trimble had the unique distinction of having been seven times elected speaker of the. State Senate. The Governor was a strong friend of the public school system and all public improvements. His administration saw the beginning of the abolition movement and the dawn of another era in the history of Ohio. Governor Trimble also served two terms. His successor was General DUNCAN McARTHUR, of Ross County. General McArthur's career. has been closely connected with the history of the State. Being a native of New. York, Governor McArthur had emigrated to Ohio when the State was in its infancy and had grown up with the new country. He had been a surveyor in the wilderness, a member and speaker of both branches of the General Assembly and a Representative in Congress. But his chief distinction is as a soldier. He began his military career as a private in Harmars' expedition when only eighteen years of age; served the next year in another Indian campaign, was made Captain of militia by St. Clair in 1798, and elected Major General of the Ohio Militia in 1808 by the General Assembly of Ohio. In the war of 1812 he enlisted as a private, was almost immediately elected Colonel of the First Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, bore a most creditable part in Hull's unfortunate campaign, and made, during the course of this war, in the operation around the western, end of Lake Erie, so brilliant a record that he was, at its termination, a Brigadier-General of the regular army. His administration saw the last of the Indian wars which affected Ohio; the canals in operation ; the National Road in use and 'the commencement of the era of railways, eleven being chartered at one session of the General Assembly of 1831 and 1832. ROBERT LUCAS, the next Governor, came from Pike County. He was born in Virginia and had fought in the war of 1812 against England, where he obtained the rank of Brigadier-General. After he had become a citizen of Ohio he was elected to the General Assembly, and served in both branches, twice as Speaker of the State Senate. He was presiding officer of the first Democratic National Convention, which nominated President Jackson for his second term. During the Governor's second term of office occurred the famous controversy with Michigan over the Northwestern boundary of the State. Ohio came out victorious, and in honor of Governor Lucas the county at the mouth of the Maumee - 201 - was named after him—Lucas County. Champaign County furnished the next Governor, JOSEPH VANCE. He was elected by the Whigs. Born in Pennsylvania, he had fought in the war of 1812, had been many times a member of the General Assembly and for fourteen years a member of Congress. His administration was marked by a thorough revision and improvement of the school system of Ohio. WILSON SHANNON, of Belmont County, was the successor of Governor Vance. He enjoyed the distinction of being the first native-born Ohioan to achieve this high position, and was one of the very few men who came into this office without previous service in other positions. Governor Shannon was a distinguished lawyer and a very remarkable man. During his administration the abolition movement gained headway. In 1842 he was defeated for re-election by Thomas Corwin, but in 1844, in turn, defeated Corwin for the office of Governor. The same year he resigned his position to become Minister to Mexico. THOMAS CORWIN was a man famous for his oratory and wit. He was a native of Kentucky, had taken part in the war of 1812 as a wagon boy and had served two terms in the General Assembly and five in Congress, when elected Chief Magistrate of Ohio. After his term as Governor he was elected to the United States Senate, and resigned from that body to become Secretary of the Treasury. THOMAS W. BARTLEY, of Richland County, Speaker of the State Senate, became active Governor when Governor Shannon resigned, in 1844. He was a Democrat and was succeeded by his father, MORDECAI BARTLEY, a Whig. The latter was a native of Pennsylvania, an' officer in the war of 1812, a member of the General Assembly and had served four terms in Congress, from 1823 to 1831. Governor Bartley was the second war Governor of Ohio, his administration witnessing the war with Mexico. During his term the Bank of the State of Ohio was chartered, and the present system of taxation adopted. In 1846 WILLIAM BEBB, of Butler County, and a native of Ohio, was elected to the executive office. He was a sturdy opponent of the "black laws," and during his administration much progress was made in internal improvements. SEABURY FORD, of Geauga County, was the last Whig candidate elected Governor of Ohio. He was born in Connecticut, and had served in both branches of the General Assembly. REUBEN WOOD, of Cuyahoga County, a native of Vermont, was Governor Ford's successor. He had been a State Senator and a Judge of both the Common Pleas and Supreme Courts. His administration was a time of great activity in financial affairs, the free banking system was inaugurated and many railroad lines opened for traffic. During his first term the Constitutional Convention met, and the constitution framed by it went into effect in 1852. So Governor Wood was the last Governor under the first constitution, as well as the first under the second. In 1853 Governor Wood resigned to accept the position of Consul at Valparaiso. Lieutenant Governor WILLIAM MEDILL succeeded to the Governor's office upon the resignation of his predecessor, and was elected to that office the same fall. He was born in New Castle County, Delaware, in 1802, and had come to Lancaster, Ohio, in 1832, entering at once on the practice of the law. He had served three years in the State Legislature and four years in Congress. Early in President Polk's administration he was made first Assistant Postmaster General, but resigned to accept the Commissionership of Indian Affairs, in which office he introduced many needed reforms. In 1851 he was selected as President of the Constitutional Convention. After the close of his term as Governor he held the position of first Comptroller of the United States Treasury, serving through all of President Buchanan's administration and two months under President Lincoln. He died at Lancaster, Ohio, on the 2nd of September, 1865. SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, born in Cornish, New Hampshire, on the 13th of January, 1803, next filled the executive chair. He procured an education by close economy and hard - 202 - work, and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1826, after which he taught school in Washington, D. C., a short time, becoming subsequently a law student under Attorney General Wirt, in Washington. When a boy he had spent some years with his celebrated uncle, the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Ohio, Philander Chase, at Worthington, Ohio, and he returned to Ohio after being admitted to the bar, to take up the practice of his profession at Cincinnati. This was in 1830. He soon made his influence felt as a 'lecturer, as publisher of the laws of Ohio, a work which insured his standing as a lawyer, even if it did not reward him financially, and as a historian. His first historical work was only a sketch, but it called attention to the importance of the study of the ordinance of 1787. He was a strong advocate for the abolition of slavery, and, while pursuing his law studies in Washington, was actively engaged in trying to procure the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. During his residence in Cincinnati he was the fearless head of a long and bitter contest against slavery. Chase's argument before the United States Supreme Court has passed into history as one of the boldest and most powerful pleas for human liberty under the Constitution of the United States ever made by any person. In 1849 Mr. Chase was elected to the United States Senate by the Democrats in the Legislature, with the aid of two "free soilers," who held the balance of power. In 1855 he was elected Governor, and re-elected in 1857. During these four years the Republican party was organized, and in 186o Mr. Chase was a prominent candidate for the Presidential nomination. In 1861 Mr. Chase was again elected to the United States Senate, but when President Lincoln was inaugurated, he became Secretary of the Treasury. During the war he distinguished himself as one of the greatest financiers of the world. His record there will be his enduring monument. Resigning from the Treasury Department, he was shortly after appointed to the Chief Justiceship of the Supreme Court of the United States, and filled that office until his death. The most celebrated act of his judicial career was presiding at the impeachment trial of President Johnson. Mr. Chase died in New York on the 7th of May, 1873. WILLIAM DENNISON was the third war Governor of Ohio. He was of New England stock, his parents having come to Cincinnati about 1808, and here he was born on the 23d of November, 1815. After receiving such education as conditions in Cincinnati then afforded, he entered Miami University, from which institution he graduated in 1835. He subsequently took up the study of law, was admitted to practice about 1840, when he removed to Columbus. Here he became connected with some railroad enterprises and was associated with the original construction of the Cleveland & Columbus Railroad, and of the Columbus & Xenia Railroad, of which he was President from 1854 to 1859. From earliest manhood Mr. Dennison was identified with the Whig party, which, in 1848, elected him to the State Senate. Eight years later, in 1856, he was a delegate-at-large to the First National Republican Convention, at Philadelphia, and, in 1859, was elected Governor. When the Civil War broke out he was still in the Governor's chair and continued during the nine months remaining of his term. The great work of the administration was equipping and forwarding troops. Retiring from the Governorship, he devoted his entire time and energy as a volunteer aide to the Governor, his successor, and to the President. In 1864 Governor Dennison was permanent Chairman of the Republican National Convention, which re-nominated President Lincoln, and in the fall of the same year he was appointed Postmaster-General. He remained in the Cabinet after President Lincoln's assassination, and until the summer of 1866, when, President Johnson's attitude having become determined, he was the first to resign his portfolio. Having returned to private life, he became interested in the construction of railroads until 1875, when Congress provided a new government for the District of Columbia under the direction of three commissioners. Governor Dennison was - 203 - appointed Chairman of the commission, which position he occupied until 1878. In 188o he was delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention which nominated General Garfield. Governor Dennison closed his earthly career at Columbus, on the, 15th of June, 1883. DAVID TOD, born at Youngstown, Ohio, on the 21st of February, 1805, was the next Governor of Ohio. He was of New England stock, his father being a native of Connecticut, who emigrated to Ohio, serving as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the war of 1812 and as a Judge of the Supreme Court. After a thorough education David Tod took up the study of law, in which profession he obtained a high standing. In 1838 he was elected to the State; Senate, and in 1844 was the Democratic candidate for Governor. He afterwards was Minister to Brazil. In 186o he was Vice President of the memorable "Charleston Convention."' where the secession of the Southern Democrats broke up the convention and paved the way for secession. After the adjournment of that convention to Baltimore, Caleb Cushing, the Chairman, went off with the Southerners, and Mr. Tod became Chairman. After the breaking out of the Civil War Governor Tod was a most ardent advocate of its vigorous prosecution, giving freely of his time and money to the cause, and became so prominent that he was elected by the Union Party—the combination of Republicans and War Democrats—to the office of Governor the first year of the war, serving one term. His tenure of office was during the very heat and passion of the war, and the duties were not only onerous, but they required tact, intelligence of the highest order and quickness of decision. Governor Tod discharged these duties skilfully and zealously, and was especially mindful of the welfare of that great army which Ohio kept constantly "at the front." After retiring from office' he occupied himself with his large business interests. He died in his native city on the. 13th of November, 1868. JOHN BROUGH, Governor Tod's successor, was born at Marietta, 0., on the 17th of Sep tember, 1811, and died at Cleveland on the 20th of August, 1865, being the only Governor who died in office. His parents came to Ohio in pioneer days. At an early age he became a printer, and before he was twenty started a paper called "The Western Republican and Marietta, Advertiser." President Jackson and John C. Calhoun were then in the midst of their quarrel over nullification, and Brough espoused the cause of Calhoun. This rendered his newspaper so unpopular that he removed to Lancaster and purchased the "Ohio Eagle." He was elected to the Legislature from Fairfield County in 1838, and soon after became Auditor of State, in which office he uncovered corrupt practice and inaugurated reforms that made him deservedly popular. He was also a very gifted speaker, and during the great campaign between Thomas Corwin and Wilson Shannon he was put forward by the Democrats to confront Corwin, confessedly the greatest orator Ohio has ever produced. While Auditor of State Mr. Brough purchased a newspaper at Cincinnati, changed its name to "The Enquirer," and was connected with it for a few years. In 1848, however, he practically withdrew from public life, owing to his dissatisfaction with the pro-slavery tendencies of his party. He turned his attention to railroading afterward, and became prominent in that and other business interests, which occupied him until his election as Governor in 1863. The political campaign of 1863 was the most virulent which ever took place in Ohio. It was intensified in bitterness by the nomination of his opponent on the Democratic ticket, Clement L. Vallandingham, ho was then an exile by sentence of a military commission after a vain appeal to the United States Circuit Court. Vallandingham's arrest and sentence were by many good citizens deemed to be tyrannical and unconstitutional, and his friends made a bold and vigorous campaign. Governor Brough was elected by a majority of more than one hundred thousand votes, but he failed of renomination in 1865 and was deeply chagrined. He died - 204 - at Cleveland, on the 29th of August, 1865, before his term of office had expired. General Charles Anderson, Lieutenant Governor, served out his unexpired term. JACOB DOLSON COX, the next Governor of Ohio, was born in Montreal, Canada, on the 27th of October, 1828. He obtained a thorough education, graduated from Oberlin College in 1851, after which he taught school until 1854, at the same time studying law. After his admission to the bar he took up the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. In 1859 he was elected to the State Senate, where he became a conspicuous figure, noted for his ability. At the outbreak of the Civil War Mr. Cox was commissioned Brigadier-General, and assisted in the organization of the Ohio troops until July, of 1861, when he entered into active service until the close of the war. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General, Division and Corps Commander. After the close of the war, in 1865, General Cox was elected Governor of Ohio, but declined a renomination in 1867. Retiring from office, he engaged himself in the practice of his profession until 1869, when he went into President Grant's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, where he served with distinction. From 1873 to 1879 Goxernor Cox was president and receiver of the Toledo & Wabash Railroad Company. In 1876 he was elected to Congress from the Toledo District. Three years later, in 1879, General Cox returned to Cincinnati. The year following he was elected Dean of the Cincinnati Law School, and in 1883 President of the University of Cincinnati. In 1897 he retired from active life and devoted himself to literary and historical writing. He died on the 4th of August, 1900, at Magnolia, Massachusetts. His successor in the executive chair of Ohio was RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES, later President of the United States. He enjoyed the distinction of being the only Governor of Ohio elected thrice. EDWARD FALLENSBY NOYES was elected Governor of Ohio in 1871, serving one term. He was a native of Massachusetts, born at Haverhill on the 3rd of October, 1832. His parents died in his infancy, and, at the age of thirteen, he was apprenticed to the "Morning Star," a religious newspaper at Dover, New Hampshire. In 1853 he entered Dartsmouth College, and graduated with high honors at the close of his course. Having been born an anti-slavery Whig, he naturally became a Republican, and began his political career at college, in 1856, as President of the Fremont College Club. After graduating from College he came to Cincinnati, in 1857, where he took up the study of law and practiced until the Civil War broke out, when he was commissioned Major of the 39th Ohio Infantry. The regiment at once entered into active service. After the battle of Corinth Major Noyes ?became Colonel. During the Atlanta campaign he took part in the battles at Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty and Kenesaw Mountain. At Ruffs Mills, on the 4th of July, 1864, Colonel Noyes was struck in the ankle 'by a minnie ball, which necessitated the amputation of his leg. Later Colonel Noyes was promoted to Brigadier-General and remained on duty, suitable to his condition, until April 22, 1865. The same year he was elected City Solicitor of Cincinnati, and the next year Probate Judge. After retiring from th e executive office he resumed the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. In 1877 Governor Noyes was appointed Minister to France and served four years. In 1889 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, remaining on the bench until his death, which occurred at Cincinnati on the 4th of September, 1890. After Governor Noyes, WILLIAM ALLEN born at Edonton, North Carolina, in December, 1803, took possession of the executive office of Ohio. He was a Democrat. His parents died in his infancy, and he was reared at Lynchburg, Virginia, by his sister, the mother of the late eminent jurist and statesman,, Allen G. Thurman. Mrs. Thurman removed to Chillicothe in 1819, and the next January Mr. Allen followed her. At Chillicothe he pursued his studies and took up the law. In 1833 he was chosen as the Democratic candidate for the Legislature in a strong Whig district. Ex-Governor Duncan McArthur was his - 205 - opponent, but, after one of the most memorable campaigns in the State, Mr. Allen was elected by the bare majority of one vote. In 1836 he left the House of Representatives for the United States Senate, and remained there twelve years, where he served with the greatest distinction. In 1873, the Democrats of Ohio had not elected a Governor for twenty years. They were just emerging from the overwhelming flood in which the slavery question and the Civil War had engulfed them. A demand arose all over the State for the old chieftain. During the campaign, although seventy years of age, he took the stump with all his early vigor and eloquence. Long after his death the Legislature of the State, although composed principally of men opposed to his political views, decreed that his statue should be one of the two to be erected by the State of Ohio to decorate the Capital at Washington. Govenor Allen died at Chillicothe, Ohio, on the 11th of July, 1879. His successor as Governor of Ohio was R. B. HAYES, elected for the third term to this distinguished position. In March, 1877, when Governor Hayes assumed the Presidency of the United States, Lieutenant STATE HOUSE AND SUPREME COURT BUILDING COLUMBUS, OHIO Governor Thomas Lowry Young became Governor of Ohio and served as such until his successor, RICHARD MOORE BISHOP, elected in the fall of 1877, on the Democratic ticket, took charge of the office. Mr. Bishop was a Kentuckian by birth; born on the 4th of November, 1812, in Fleming County. He obtained a fair common school education, after which he entered into mercantile pursuits in his native county. In 1847 he came to Cincinnati, where later he became a senior member of the wholesale firm of R. M. Bishop & Co. In April, 1857, he was elected to the City Council, and in the following year became President of that body. This was followed, in 1859, by his election as Mayor. His administration was very successful. Governor Bishop was also a member of the Constitutional Convention, and for many years one of the trustees of the Cincinnati Southern Railway. In 1877 the Democracy of Ohio nominated him to lead a forlorn hope for the Governorship, but, against all expectations, their candidate was elected by a large plurality. Governor Bishop died at Jacksonville, Florida, on the 2nd of March, 1893. CHARLES FOSTER, Governor. Cox's successor in the Gubernatorial chair of Ohio, was born near Tiffin, Ohio, on the 12th of April, 1828. His paternal ancestors were early New England residents of Scotch-Irish origin. His mother's family, the Crockers, of English - 206 - ancestry, were also early settlers of New England. The family went to Northwestern Ohio early in the last century to what was then known as the "Black Swamp," and located at Rome, now the city of Fostoria, occupying a double log cabin. In one end of it they lived nd in the other the father kept a general store. The latter also engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate, and was a man of much more than average intelligence and bility to acquire property. His son Charles nay be said to have grown up in a country ;tore. He began to attend the public schools it the age of four years. At twelve he entered he academy at Norwalk, Ohio, where he renained two years, when, owing to sickness in its father's family, he became actively engaged n the management of the store, and never returned to the academy or attended any other nstitution of learning, though he received private instruction until he became very well informed in the English branches. At the age of eighteen his father made him a partner, and at nineteen he took entire charge of the store. He made regular trips to New York to purchase goods, and soon transacted the largest country business in the State of Ohio. During the Civil War he was active in encouraging enlistments, and supported all measures tending to sustain the country. He consented to accept the Colonelcy of the mist Ohio Regiment, but his parents, who had no other surviving children, prevailed upon him to forego his inclination. He gave credit to CHARLES FOSTER the family of every Federal soldier in his neighborhood, extending these credits over the entire period of the war. In 1867 the large business which he controlled was changed from the country store system to more modern methods. Out of it grew a bank, a grain and produce business and a hardware store. Mr. Foster's generosity toward all charitable institutions and humanitarian calls gained for him a marked popularity. In 1870 the Republicans in the Democratic district in which he lived nominated him by acclamation for Congress. In the management of this, his first campaign for his first office, he demonstrated his power of organization and keen political sagacity. He carried the district by a majority of 726, overcoming a Democratic majority of 1,800, the district at the same time giving a majority for the Democratic State ticket. Mr. Foster took his seat on the 4th of March, 1871, and was assigned by Speaker Blaine to a place on the Committee on Claims. He displayed great industry in the discharge of his duties on this committee and gained for himself the confidence of the House. In 1872, he was renominated for Congress by acclamation. He was opposed by Rush R. Sloane, of Sandusky, who, up to the nomination of Mr. Foster, had been a Republican. Mr. Sloane was President of a railway which ran through the district. After an intensely interesting campaign, Mr. Foster triumphed by a majority of 776. Mr. Blaine, as speaker, assigned him to the Ways and Means Committee of the Forty-second Congress, and he was also appointed on a - 207 - subcommittee on internal revenue matters. While engaged in the discharge of the latter duty he discovered and unearthed the frauds connected with what was then known as the "Sanborn contract." In the course of this investigation he encountered Benjamin F. Butler, who attacked him on the floor of the House. In this controversy he displayed a thorough knowledge of the subject with which he was dealing, and exhibited a talent for debate with which he had not hitherto been credited. The result of this contest was a decided triumph for Mr. Foster, the law authorizing the Sanborn contract being repealed without opposition in either house, while the encounter with General Butler gave him a National reputation. The Ways and Means Committee took up the question of the moiety laws, then prevailing in custom matters. Mr. Foster took an active part in the investigation and in the debate that followed, which resulted in the repeal of these laws as well as in the Pacific mail investigation, which took place in the committee. He was also placed on one committee to make an investigation of Louisiana affairs, and, as Chairman of a subcommittee, visited New Orleans. He witnessed the organization of the Louisiana Legislature in 1875, when Wiltz assumed to be Speaker, took possession of the gavel by force and entertained a motion to unseat sixteen Republican members and to seat sixteen Democrats. He afterward saw the United States troops, at the instigation of Governor Kellogg, remove the Democrats and install the Republicans again in their places. Mr. Foster dealt with the subject in a manner which he deemed fair, pointing out the wrong-doing of both the Democratic and Republican parties. This report created quite a sensation at the time, and for a while it seemed as though he had injured his prospects of continuing in public life. In point of fact, it strengthened him with all fair-minded people, for he was re-elected to Congress in 1874 by a majority of 159, the district at the time giving a Democratic majority of 1,650 on the State ticket. In 1876 he was once more nominated by acclamation. In his district resided General Hayes, who was then the Republican candidate for President. The Democratic National Committee felt that if they could succeed in defeating Mr. Foster in October they could score a strong point against the popularity of General Hayes, and proceeded to take special charge of the Democratic canvass in the district. Mr. Foster won, however, by 276 votes. He was the only Republican m ember from Ohio who voted for the electoral count bill, which resulted in the election of P resident Hayes. In 1877 the Democrats carried the Legislature of Ohio, and in redistricting the State gave Mr. Foster a district with a Democratic majority of 5,000. The Republicans of the Toledo district tendered him a nomination for Congress, which he declined, accepting one in the district made for him, though he knew defeat was inevitable. The result was a majority for the Democratic candidate of only 1,300. At the Republican Convention, held in Cincinnati in June, 1879, he was nominated for Governor by a majority of seven and one-half votes over Judge Taft. He began his campaign on the 29th of June, and, with the exception of a few brief intervals in July, every week day until the election, October 14, was spent in making his canvass. He was elected over General Thomas Ewing, the Democratic candidate, by a majority of 17,000 votes. It was in this campaign that the Democrats dubbed him "Calico Charlie," being a reference to the fact that he was simply a merchant and dealer in dry goods. The application of this epithet proved a complete boomerang to the opposition. Toward the close of the campaign, as the excitement grew more and more intense, whole towns and cities were decorated with calico, bands were dressed in it, almost all the neckties worn by Republican ladies and gentlemen were made of calico, and finally newspapers were printed upon it. In 1881 Mr. Foster was re-elected by 25,000 majority. In his administration of the office he gave special attention to the management of the public institutions, undertaking to free them from partisan superintendence. His boards were composed of three Republicans - 208 - and two Democrats, chosen on account of their merit and ability. He threw the responsibility of the management of these institutions entirely upon the Boards of Trustees, refusing in all cases to recommend people for place. This course resulted in a marked improvement in the management and a large saving in the cost of maintaining these institutions. He also took a position in favor of the taxation of the liquor traffic, in opposition to the liquor interests, which demanded free trade ; and in opposition to the Prohibitionists, who demanded the cessation of the traffic. The result of the legislation was the passing of the taxation law and the submitting to the people of two constitutional amendments, one favoring prohibition and the other license or taxation. Both amendments were defeated, together with the entire Republican ticket. For a time Mr. Foster became quite unpopular with his party, many of them charging him with leading them to defeat ; but he was soon fully vindicated, as the party took up his views, and decided in favor. of the measures he had proposed in the early stages of the contest. In 1889 President Harrison appointed him Chairman of a commission to negotiate a treaty with the Sioux Indians, which was successful in achieving what the Government had been trying to accomplish for many years. In January, 1890, Mr. Foster received the votes of the Republican members of the Legislature for United States Senator, and in the same year he again became a candidate for Conress in the district which the year before had given 'Campbell for Governor a majority of 1,960. He came within 194 votes of success. On the 27th of February, 1891, Mr. Foster was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Harrison. This appointment was received with great favor by all parties in all sections of the country. The successful adjustment of the four and one-half per cent loan which matured on the 1st of September, 1891, was one of the prominent events of his first year in office. Of the $50,869,200 4Y2 per cent bonds which were outstanding on the 1st of July, 1891, $25,364,500 were presented by the holders for continuance at 2 per cent per annum, and the remainder were called for redemption and paid upon presentation. No other finance officer has ever negotiated a public loan at so low a rate of interest as two per cent. At the close of President Harrison's administration he returned to Fostoria, where he resumed his mercantile and banking business. He had previously become largely interested in outside corporations, for which he had endorsed, and this brought upon him financial distress. As above stated, Mr. Foster had always been greatly interested in the public institutions of the State. He was the leading spirit in adopting the detached building or cottage plan for the construction of hospitals for the insane, and in the adoption of what is known as non-restraint treatment. He was Chairman of the committee which selected the grounds and built the State Hospital for the Insane at Toledo. This hospital is built on the cottage plan, the non-restraint treatment is practiced here and the hospital itself is regarded as the finest and best-conducted institution of its kind in the world. Mr. Foster was President of the Board of Trustees of this institution until his death. He died on the 9th of January, 1904, at Springfield, Ohio, while on his way to attend the inauguration of Governor Herrick in Columbus. Governor Foster's successor, GEORGE HOADLEY, was born at New Haven, Connecticut, on the 31st of July, 1826. In 1830, Governor Hoadley's parents removed to Cleveland, where he obtained his education in the public schools and Western Reserve University. He graduated from this institution at the age of eighteen. The following year he spent at the Harvard Law School, under such professors as Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf. He entered the office of Salmon P. Chase and Flamen Ball in Cincinnati in 1846, was admitted to the bar the year following, and soon after became a partner in that firm. In 1851 he was elected Judge of the old Superior Court of Cincinnati, serving until the court was abolished by the new constitution. Subsequently he was elected City Solicitor, and in 1859 was - 210 - elected Judge of the new Superior Court, which office he resigned in 1866. He was twice offered the appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, but declined. In 1883 he was elected Governor of Ohio and served one term. Soon after the expiration of his term of office, on the 7th of March, 1887, he removed to New York City, and there maintained a leading law practice until his death. He died at Watkins, New York, on the 26th of August, 1902. Governor Hoadley was for many years a professor in the Cincinnati Law School, and one of its trustees. For ability to quickly grasp and eloquently present a proposition of law, or fact, he has had no superior at the Ohio Bar. His fame as a great lawyer will go down to posterity in the law reports of the States of Ohio and New York, and of the Supreme Court of the United States. Governor Hoadley early became active in politics in the school of Salmon P. Chase. During the war he left the Democratic party, remaining in the Republican party until 1872, when he went back to the Democracy. He affiliated with that organization until, 1896. His active political life ended., however, when he retired from the Governorship in January, 1886. When Mr. Hoadley was elected Governor of Ohio on the Democratic ticket he had as opponent on the Republican side Joseph B. Foraker. Governor Hoadley obtained a plurality of 12,529 votes. Two years later Judge Foraker and Governor Hoadley were again the party leaders, and this time Foraker won by the plurality of 17,451 votes over his opponent. JOSEPH B. FORAKER, like many of Ohio's great sons, sprang from the common people. Born near Rainsboro, Highland County, on the 5th of July, 1846,his father was one of the early pioneers of the section, and at the time of the birth of the future Senator was engaged in running a small grist mill with a whipsaw attachment for getting out lumber. The elder Foraker died but a few years ago, after he had seen his son ascending the ladder leading up from the lowest rung to the pinnacle of statesmanship. Young Foraker was brought up amid, the hills of Highland County, and his education early in his youth was but of a limited character. He divided the hard work of the farm with a little schooling and knew much of toil and privation until the 'bugle of war sounded for recruits at the breaking out of the rebellion. Although but sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the Eighty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry as a private soldier, but within a year was promoted to the position . of Sergeant, then to First Lieutenant, and finally to Captain of his company, for distinguished services in the field of battle. He was a soldier of that splendid army that unfurled the stars with Hooker "above the clouds," and swept like a thunder storm up the dizzy heights of Missionary Ridge ; he was with Sherman at Dalton, Reseca and Kenesaw ; he helped crush out the heart of the Confederacy at Jonesboro and Atlanta ; he marched through Georgia from Atlanta to the sea and bore to a waiting nation the tidings of the fall of Savannah. For a time before the close of his term of service he was on the staff of General William Slocum, and by his daring ride as a JOSEPH B. FORAKER - 211 - messenger of that commander he made possible the capture of General Joe Johnston. He was mustered out at the close of the war at the age of nineteen years, one of the youngest soldiers who ever carried a musket in defense of his country. Returning from the army to the paths of peace, young Foraker felt the need of more education, and he entered Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, from which institution he graduated with honor in 1869. He subsequently studied law and was admitted to the bar, taking up his residence in Cincinnati, at the hands of whose people he received his first commission — that of Superior Judge—elected in 1879 and serving for three years. His health giving way about that time he refused further service and was engaged in the practice of his profession when nominated for Governor by the Republicans of Ohio, in 1883. Even at that time he was one of the party leaders in Hamilton County, and the Republicans of that part of the State turned as one man to tender him the flag to carry in that momentous campaign. This campaign was one of the few disastrous ones in the history of the Republicans of Ohio. It followed closely upon the agitation engendered by the action of the Sixty-fifth General Assembly in enacting what was known as the Scott law to further provide for the evils resulting in the traffic in intoxicating liquors. In many of the larger cities of the State former Republicans took issue with the party on the liquor proposition, and the result was the defeat of Judge Foraker by Judge Hoadley, who had represented the liquor interests of the State in the litigation before the Supreme Court that resulted favorably to them, for the law was declared unconstitutional, and when a candidate was sought Judge Hoadley was turned to, and he accepted the honor. Two years later Judge Foraker was elected Governor of Ohio, and re-elected in 1887. This time he defeated Hon. Thomas E. Powell, then of Delaware County, by 23,329 votes. In 1889 Governor Foraker, against his own best judgments, but, bowing to the demands of some of his enthusiastic friends, was a candidate for a third term before the convention that met at Columbus, on the 25th of June. His name was not formally presented with that of the other candidates, but on the first ballot Governor Foraker received 254 votes, no other candidate receiving as many as 200, and before the result was officially declared enough delegates had changed to Foraker to give him the nomination. It is a part of the history of Senator Foraker's political life that he did not want the nomination. He believed he had been sufficiently honored by the party in the State, and thought some other leader ought to be given a chance. Besides he was a poor man and was convinced that he should turn his attention to his profession of the law that promised better financial returns. But his friends were inexorable, and in an interview held in the executive chamber it was determined that Governor Foraker should face the sentiment in the State and the Nation against a third term, although the position was reached only after the Governor had vehemently protested against again making him a candidate. The Democrats held their convention at Dayton on the 28th and 29th of August, and Hon. JAMES E. CAMPBELL, of Butler County, was nominated for Governor. The campaign was a strenuous one, and Campbell was elected by a plurality of 10,872 votes. The balance of the Republican State ticket, however, was elected, but the Democratic majority in the Senate unseated Hon. E. L. Lampson, who had a majority of 222 votes on the face of the returns, and gave the Lieutenant Governorship to Hon. W. V. Marquis, of Logan. The two administrations of Governor Foraker were wise, economical and approved by the people. Many judicious laws were enacted by the General Assembly, the State debt was largely reduced and the universal verdict was that the executive had been faithful to the people and alive to their best interests. In all the campaigns in which Governor Foraker was a candidate before the people the opposition press had no words of complaint in regard to the manner in which the affairs of the Commonwealth had been administered. In every Republican National Convention, beginning with 1884, Senator - 212 - Foraker has been one of Ohio's "Big Four." In 1896, at St. Louis, he was Chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, and presented the name of William McKinley, of Ohio, for President ; in 1900, at Philadelphia, he again offered McKinley for a second term in a speech that carried everything before it, brilliant in conception and delivery. In every campaign since 1883, when he stepped from the Judgeship of the Cincinnati Superior Court to the first nomination for Governor, his voice had been heard from the Ohio platforms, and in every National campaign since he became a figure in politics Senator Foraker has stumped other States in behalf of Republican candidates and principles. When Governor Foraker retired from the Governorship, in January, 189o, he at once resumed the practice of his profession in Cincinnati, but retained his hold on the affections and good will of his party in spite of his defeat. When the Republican State Convention met in Zanesville, on the 28th of May, 1895, the following resolution was adopted by an unanimous vote : "The election of a Republican Legislature in this State next November will enable Ohio to send to the United States Senate a Republican colleague to that grand old statesman, John Sherman, who has so long and so ably sustained the honor of Ohio as her representative in that august body. For this honorable place in the upper House of Congress the Republicans of this State have but one candidate, and we, their representatives here assembled, give voice to that unanimous selection in naming and recommending as their choice for that position that grand soldier, peerless orator and patriotic statesman, Joseph B. Foraker." The venerable John Sherman was permanent Chairman of that convention and voted aye for the resolution. The endorsement of a candidate for the United States Senate was an innovation in Ohio politics for either party, but it worked so well that in 1897 and 1903 the Republicans of Ohio paid a similar honor to Senator Hanna. With the resolution of the Zanesville convention in mind, there was no opposition to the election of Governor Foraker to succeed Senator Calvin S. Brice, and on the 15th of January, 1896, he was elected for the full term, beginning March 4, 1897, and ending March 3, 1903. He took his seat with the inauguration of President McKinley, and at once assumed a leading position in the United States Senate. Senator Hanna had just been appointed to succeed John Sherman, who became Secretary of State in the Cabinet of the new President. In that distinguished body the reputation of the senior Senator had preceded him, and it was not long until he was recognized as one of the ablest debaters on the floor. He was a staunch supporter of President McKinley, in all his politics, and a great aid to the Chief Executie in the events leading up to the Spanish-American War. As in all matters of international significance, grave questions arose for consideration, and it was here the world first learned the true worth of Senator Foraker. His comprehensive knowledge of constitutional and international law amazed the Senate and the bulwarks of the sticklers looked like the fabled china shop after his masterly attacks. In all the one hundred days of the war that ended in the subjugation of Spain and the liberation of Cuba, he stood for the McKinley administration and all it implied in the treatment of Cuba and the conquest of the Philippines. As Chairman of the Committee on Porto Rico he framed the policy for that island that brought order out of chaos and prosperity out of want and distress. In a banquet given at the St. Nicholas Hotel, Cincinnati, soon after the close of the war, Senor Barboso, a Porto Rican statesman, declared: "We love Senator Foraker. He is the father of liberty in Porto Rico ; the father, I might say, of our new country. This great statesman, this citizen of Cincinnati, this man whom you all know and love so well, is not as well known, personally in Porto Rico as he is here, but he is just as well known by reputation, and he is just as well loved. He framed and introduced a bill establishing civil government on the island. We had been under military government for four hundred years. The judiciary system was the system of favorit- - 213 - ism. The Spanish Governor was absolute. What he desired the courts did. There was no liberty of press or pulpit, no liberty of person or property. The people were merely the unwilling children of a very cruel and thoughtless parent. Senator Foraker restored civil government. Ah, my friends, you who have never known what it is to live under a military government, do not and can not appreciate the joy that was ours when the Foraker bill was passed and civil government restored. In that bill the great Ohio Senator met the ideas and requirements of the people of the island in most essential particulars. Previously, the Republican party of Porto Rico was organized, and the first platform adopted in March, 1899, called for the very things that were afterwards granted in the Foraker bill. Is it any wonder that we love your Senator ? Is it any wonder that we hope some day to be allowed to vote, and then be allowed to vote for him for President of the United States?" With the brilliant record made by Senator Foraker in the greatest legislative body of the world, there was no thought of opposition to his return for another term. The conveniton that nominated Governor Nash for a second term, in June, 1901, adopted a resolution endorsing his candidacy, and when the election declared a Republican majority in both branches of the Seventy-fifth General Assembly, only the name of Senator Foraker was on the lips of every Ohio Republican. On the 14th of January, 1902, Senator Foraker was elected for a second term, ending March 3, 1909. During the life of the martyred President William McKinley, Senator Foraker was one of the close friends of the Chief Executive, and to President Roosevelt he has brought the same devotion that he showered upon his predecessor in that high office. When Major McKinley was first nominated for Governor by the State convention that met in Columbus, in June, 1891, Governor Foraker presented his name in a characteristic speech. In the National conventions of 1896 and 1900 he presented his name for President. Senator Foraker is now in the very zenith of his powers. He stands in the van of the great men of the State and Nation—but the future undoubtedly has more and still higher honors in store for the senior Senator from Ohio, Joseph Benson Foraker. After Governor Foraker's defeat for a third term JAMES EDWIN CAMPBELL took possession of the executive office. Mr. Campbell is a native of the Buckeye State, born at Middletown, Butler County, on the 7th of July, 1843. His father, Andrew Campbell, was a physician of prominence, and his uncle, Lewis D. Campbell, a statesman of note. One of his maternal ancestors took part in the battle of Lexington, and one of his paternal ancestors was with Montgomery at the assault at Quebec. Both of his grandfathers were soldiers in the War of 1812. During the Civil War Mr. Campbell served in the navy upon the Mississippi and tributary rivers. He was discharged for serious physical disability, but recovered, studied law and began practicing at Hamilton in 1867. He was Prosecuting Attorney of Butler County from 1876 to 1880. In 1882 Mr. Campbell was elected to Congress as a Democrat in a strongly Republican district ; and was re-elected in 1884 and 1886, gaining the last victory by a meagre plurality of two votes in a total of more than thirty-two thousand. In 1889 Mr. Campbell was elected Governor of Ohio, receiving a larger vote than ever cast before for any Gubernatorial candidate ; and while in the Governor's office was noted for an inflexible adherence to that which he deemed to be right. In 1891 Governor Campbell was defeated for a second term by Major WILLIAM McKINLEY, and in 1895, was again defeated by Asa S. Bushnell. William McKinley served two terms as Governor of Ohio. ASA SMITH BUSHNELL, his successor, was born at Rome, Oneida County, N. Y., on the 16th of September, 1834. His father was Daniel Bushnell, of Lisbon, Conn., son of Jason Bushnell, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, who served first in Captain. Charles Miels' company of General Watetbury's brigade, and afterwards joined the army of Wash, ington at Tarrytown, N. Y. Daniel Bushnell and his family moved to Ohio about 1845, - 214 - settling at Cincinnati, and there Asa S. Bushnell remained until 1851, when he became a member of the thriving community of Springfield, Clark County, Ohio. Without money, friends or influence, but possessed of a clear head, active habits and perfect health, Asa S. Bushnell entered upon a business life. He became a clerk in a dry goods store, and served there three years ; he then became bookkeeper in the firm of Leffel, Cook & Blakeney, and remained in their employ until the spring of 1857, when he accepted a position with Warder, Brokaw & Child, manufacturers of mowers and reapers. In the fall of the same year he formed a partnership with Dr. John Ludlow in the drug business, which continued for ten years, and then he was admitted as a partner in the concern of his old employers, the firm name having been changed to Warder, Mitchell & Co. In that business he continued with great success and finally became the President of the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Co., successors of the old firm, and one of the leading companies in the manufacture of mowers and reapers in the United States. Mr. Bushnell was a thorough business man and widely known as such, as he had been identified with many of the prominent and successful enterprises of Springfield and other cities. He had been for years President of the First National Bank of Springfield, and at the head of several corporations. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, a 33d Degree Scottish Rite Mason, and trustee of the Ohio Masonic Home, to which he gave $10,000 in 1891, thus securing to Springfield the location of the institution. During the Civil War he raised a company and served in 1864 under General David Hunter, as its Captain in the 152d Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the Shenandoah Valley. Governor Bushnell was an enthusiastic member of the G. A. R., being enrolled with Mitchell Post, Springfield ; he was also one of the founders and an officer of the Ohio Society, Sons of the Revolution. For four years he was Quartermaster General upon the staff of Governor Foraker. Governor Bushnell for many years had been prominent in Ohio Republican politics, having been a member of nearly every State and National convention within the last two decades. In 1892 he was one of the delegates-at-large to the Minneapolis convention, and in March, 1896, he was unanimously chosen as one of the delegates-at-large to the St. Louis convention. After being actively engaged in local campaigns he was drafted into State politics, and in 1885 became the Chairman of the Republican State Executive Committee, under the management of which the party not only elected Governor Foraker by a handsome plurality, but also accomplished the unprecedented result of securing a majority in the General Assembly without the vote of Hamilton County, and thus re-elected John Sherman to the United States Senate. In 1887 he was nominated by acclamation as the Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor on the ticket with Governor Foraker, but for business reasons declined to accept the nomination. In 1889 there was a general demand that he should ASA S. BUSHNELL - 215 - head the State ticket of his party, but he positively refused to allow his name to be used. In 1891 he was again urged to become a Gubernatorial candidate, but declined and supported Major McKinley, who became the nominee by acclamation. He refused several times to become a Congressional candidate, and when, in May, 1895, the Republicans assembled in convention at Zanesville, nominated him as their candidate for Governor, he had not sought the hondr. He was elected in November, 1895, by a plurality of 92,622, a victory greater than any ever achieved by a former Governor of Ohio, save John Brough, who was a war time candidate. On the 2d of November, 1897, Governor Bushnell was re-elected, receiving a plurality of 28,105. At the expiration of his second term Governor Bushnell retired to private life. While attending the inauguration of Governor Herrick, on the 11th of January, 1904, Governor Bushnell was stricken with apoplexy and died a few days after in Columbus, Ohio, mourned by the entire people of the State. GEORGE K. NASH followed Governor Bushnell in the occupation of the executive office of Ohio. In the career of that distinguished gentleman is shown what can be accomplished in this country under the most adverse circumstances by the youth who is spurred on to high endeavor by a laudable ambition to hold an important place in the world, and has only his clear brain, his honest heart and his capacity for work in his behalf. George Kilbon Nash only achieved his pre-eminent position by the practice of self-denial, and hard, earnest labor, for he was not born to the purple, but sprang from the lcins of the so-called "common people." He came to the city that witnessed his inauguration as Governor, a poor, and almost friendless boy, full of energy and honorable ambition, but with an empty purse. That he held the proud position at the head of the State of his nativity is largely duce to the fact that he has always stood for what is best in private and civic virtue, and been true to himself and his convictions. No man will challenge the statement that he has been faithful in every position in which he has been placed by the people. George K. Nash was a son of the Western Reserve, and in that historic ground he imbibed his love for Republican principles. He was born in Medina County, on the 14th of August, 1842, and spent his early life working on the farm. His parents were Asa Nash and Electa Nash, both of whom came from Massachusetts, of old New England stock. The family consisted of three sons and two daughters, all of whom are deceased. Governor Nash's educational advantages were meagre and consisted of attending the township schools, where he pre- GEORGE K. NASH pared for college, entering Oberlin at the age of twenty years. It was during his sophomore year in this institution of learning, in 1861, that the cry to arms rang out, and young Nash heeding the call, came to the defense of his country. He enlisted as a private in the 15oth Regiment, O. V. I., and served with honor until the close of the war. Soon after his discharge from the service he came to Columbus, and engaged in school teaching as a means of livelihood. There are men and women now - 216 - in Pickaway County who recall George K. Nash as their schoolmaster, who even at that time cherished the high ambition to be Governor of Ohio. But the prospect for such an honor was not an alluring one, although the phantom of Hope beckoned him on. Through the kindness of a friend, Judge Warden, he was given the privilege of using the latter's law books, as his exchequer would not permit him to purchase his own, and in 1867 he was admitted to practice law in this State. Then came the struggle to get on until he could establish himself in business, and it was a long, weary one, beset with many difficulties, but George K. Nash triumphed at last. In 1870 young Nash was selected by the Republicans of Franklin County to make the race for Prosecuting Attorney. The county was opposed to him, politically, but he was elected, nevertheless. Giving the people the utmost satisfaction during his first term, he was re-elected to a second term. In 1876 he was a candidate for Congress from the Columbus district, but suffered defeat by Thomas Ewing, who opposed him on the Democratic ticket. The Republican State Conv.ention which assembled in Cleveland on the 1st of August, 1877, and nominated W. H. West, of Logan County, for Governor, placed George K. Nash on the State ticket for Attorney General. In the Republican slump that year the whole ticket went down to defeat. Two years later, on the 28th of May, 1879, the Republicans held their State convention in Cincinnati, and George K. Nash was again nominated for Attorney General. This time he was successful, being elected by a majority of 19,000, in round numbers, over Isaiah Pillars, who had defeated him in 1877. In 1881, Attorney General Nash was renominated for a second term by the Republican State Convention, that met on the 8th of June, in Cleveland, and this time he was elected by a majority of over 28,000. In 1883 Governor Foster, who, being Chief Executive during Attorney General Nash's two terms, had been his warm friend and supporter, appointed him a member of the Supreme Court Commission, which body was created to aid the Supreme Court in clearing up the congested docket. The commission continued for two years, and afterwards George K. Nash was known as "Judge Nash." In 1880, when Charles Townsend was elected Secretary of State, Judge Nash was Chairman of the Republican State Committee ; in 1881, when Governor Foster was a candidate for re-election and Nash himself was up for a second term as Attorney General, he occupied a similar position. In 1897, having been defeated for the nomination for Governor by Hon. Asa S. Bushnell two years before at the Zanesville convention, he took charge of Bushnell's contest and pushed it to a glorious victory. As a campaign manager Judge Nash was among the best the party ever had in Ohio. He was always safe, and devoid of bluster ; work, intelligent and far-seeing, was his forte, with a capacity of sizing up a result not easily excelled. Judge Nash had long cherished an ambitions to become Governor. It is known that when serving as Attorney General some of his friends insisted that he should become a candidate to succeed Governor Foster, but he declined to consider the matter then. In 1895 he was a candidate for Governor at the Zanesville convention, when Asa S. Bushnell was nominated. Two years later, when Governor Bushnell was renominated Judge Nash was made Chairman of the State Executive Committee. In 1899 Judge Nash was again a candidate for Governor, and it was plainly to be seen that the hour of his triumph was at hand. The convention met at Columbus that year, and his principal opponent was Hon. H. M. Daugherty, of Fayette County. Judge Nash received the nomination, being successful in securing 461 votes out of a total of 820 cast. The Democrats nominated John R. McLean as his opponent, but Nash had a plurality of 49,000 votes. Two years later Governor Nash was nominated for a second term, with Colonel James Kilbourne as his opponent. He was again successful, this time by a plurality of 67,567. - 217 - In April, 1882, Judge Nash was married to Mrs. William J. Deshler, who died in October, 1886, leaving one daughter, Mary Nash, who died in February, 1896. The death of his wife and daughter almost crushed Governor Nash, and it was one of the sad memories of the first and second inaugurations that before he took the oath of office on either occasion, he drove in a carriage to Greenlawn Cemetery, where they sleep, and bowing before the mounds that hold all that was near and dear to him, engaged in silent prayer and laid flowers on their graves. Upon the expiration of his second term of office, Governor Nash resumed the practice of his profession at Columbus. But his days were numbered. For a long time he had been in poor health, suffering from heart trouble, his condition at times such that during his administration the physicians occasionally despaired of his recovery, but after leaving the cares and responsibilities of his high office behind him, it seemed that his condition improved rapidly. It was, therefore, a great shock to the people of Ohio, when they, in October, 1904, suddenly received the sad news of the death of their beloved ex-Governor. An apoplectic stroke had ended his earthly career. But his memory will live forever, as one of the best Chief Executives the State of Ohio ever had. Governor Nash's successor in the office of the Chief Executive was Myron T. Herrick, of Cuyahoga County, who was elected in November, 1903, by a tremendous majority of over 114,000 votes, defeating Tom L. Johnson, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio. - 218 - THE OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY By E. O. Randall THE Buckeye State presents peculiar attractions and opportunities for the student in Archaeology and History. No other State is so rich in the remains of the Indian Tribes and the evidences of the aboriginal people or prehistoric races. The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society is the outgrowth of the enthusiastic efforts of many of the leading professional scholars and amateur students of Ohio lore and legend. To General Roeliff Brinkerhoff is due the honor of being the founder of this society. As he states in his interesting "Recollections of a Life Time,"is study in pioneer history naturally led him into the investigation of all that could be learned concerning the races that ante-dated the Indians and whose existence is manifested all over the State of Ohio, by mounds, earth-works and instruments of stone and metal. General Brinkerhoff resolved that the Archaelogical Society should be established. In this determination he was greatly encouraged and assisted by the Rev. S. D. Peet, Ph.D., who was then deeply interested in archaeological research, and has since become one of the most distinguished archaeologists of this country, the author of several standard works on this subject, and the editor of the. American Antiquarian. These gentlemen agreed that something ought to be done to secure the systematic examination of the prehistoric remains of Ohio, with a view to their preservation, and to make proper records of their existence. They issued a call for a State convention of Archaeologists, which met at Mansfield on September 1, 1875. There was an attendance of some fifty, among whom were many of the leading scholars of the State in archaeology and history. This conference continued for two days and resulted in the organization of "The State Archaeological Association of Ohio." General Brinkerhoff was elected President, and Professor John T. Short, of the Ohio State University, was chosen Secretary. In 1876 an appropriation of $2,500 was given by the Legislature to the Association for the purpose of making an archaeological exhibit at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, and in this exhibition Ohio eclipsed all other States, and was second only to the collection of the Smithsonian Institute. Subsequently, for several years, annual meetings of the Association were held at various places in the State, where prehistoric remains could be examined and a permanent interest could be aroused. Upon the untimely death of Profesor Short, November 11, 1883, the Association became practically inoperative. Governor George Hoadly took an active interest in all matters pertaining to the archaeology and history of the State, and upon his accession to office in. 1884 he conferred with Mr. A. A. Graham, of Columbus, and suggested the revival and reorganization of the old society. A meeting for the purpose of carrying into effect this suggestion was called to convene at the office of the Secretary of State, February 12, 1885. A number of prominent gentlemen, including leading citizens, scholars and professors, from various parts of the State, responded to this call, and after deliberate consultation decided to extend to all persons in the State, interested in the formation of such a society, an invitation to meet on the 12th day of March following, at Columbus, Ohio. In response to the circular sent out some sixty gentlemen, representing all parts of Ohio and various departments of scholarship, convened on the day specified in the State Library Room in the Capitol. This convention continued in session for two days and resulted in the organization known as the "Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society," which was duly incorporated on the 13th day of March, 1885. The Honorable Allen G. Thurman was elected President and Mr. A. A. Graham, Sec- - 221 - retary. The articles of incorporation succinctly set forth the purpose and aim of the Society to promote a knowledge of archaeology and history, especially of Ohio, by establishing and maintaining a library of books, manuscripts, maps, charts, etc., properly pertaining thereto ; a museum of prehistoric relics and natural or other curiosities or specimens of art or nature promotive of the objects of the Association—said library and museum to be open to the public on reasonable terms—and by courses of lectures and publication of books, papers and documents touching the subjects so specified, with power to receive and hold gifts and devices of real and personal estate for the benefit of such society, and generally to exercise all the powers legally and properly pertaining thereto.   Honorable Francis C. Sessions was the second President and Honorable Rutherford B. Hayes was the third. Upon the death of the latter General Roeliff Brinkerhoff was, in February, 1893, elected as President, and has annualy been re-elected since that time.   Mr. A. A. Graham occupied the office of Secretary until December, 1893, when ill health compelled him to remove West. He died in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in February, 1896. The society made exhibits, more or less complete, of its archaeological and historical collections at the New Orleans Exposition in 1885, and the Centennial Expositions held in Cincinnati and in Columbus in 1888, and also made one of the most extensive exhibits and interesting displays of any of the States at the Columbian Exposition held in Chicago in the summer of 1893 ; the Pan-American Exposition held in Buffal, 1901and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition held in St. Louis, 1904.   The membership of the society consists of four classes, designated as Life Members, Active Members, Corresponding Members and Honorary Members. Over two hundred Life Members have been received into the society.   The government of the Society is vested in a Board of twenty-one Trustees, fifteen of whom are elected by ballot by the Society at its annual meetings, five only being elected each year to serve for three years. The other six trustees necessary to complete the number of twenty-one are appointed 'by the Governor of Ohio, without confirmation by the Senate, as provided by the legislative enactment of April 16, 1891, two to be appointed each yew to serve for the period of three years. It will thus be seen that while the Society has the legal status of an independent incorporated institution, it is, semi-officially, at least, one of the departments of the State Government, owing to the appointment by the Governor of a portion of its trustees. Moreover, the General Assembly each year appropriates funds for the carrying on of its various lines of work.   The Board of Trustees elects the officers, consisting of the President, Vice-President, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer, Secretary and the Librarian. The Board of Trustees also chooses, at its annual meeting, an Executive Committee, which meets once a month at Cdlumbus, and has full power to conduct and administer the affairs of the Society.   For twenty years the Society has faithfully and energetically pursued the lines of study and investigation for which it was formed. It has held regular annual meetings in Columbus, at which meetings papers have been read and addresses been delivered on various themes pertinent to the purpose of the organization. Public meetings are occasionally held at Cdlumbus and other parts of the State for lectures or examination of localities of historical or archaeological interest. One of the main features of the work of the Society is the exploration and study of the mounds, earthworks and sites of prehistoric races. The Legislature each year makes a specific appropriation for this field work, and each summer the Society sends out a corps of explorers. This work has resulted in exceedingly valuable and rich finds. The Society has accumulated a vast collection of Indian and prehistoric relics and antiquities, now consisting of some 5o,000 specimens„ mostly archaeological in char-    - 222 -   acter, which are carefully classified and catalogued in the Society's Museum in Page Hall, Ohio State University. This department has been in charge of competent and experienced curators, such as Warren K. Morehead, Clarence Loveberry and the present successful incumbent, Professor W. C. Mills, who was appointed in June, 1898. The Society has also had the scholarly service in this department of Professor G. Frederick Wright and the late Doctor Edward Orton.   The Society is the custodian of the famous Ft. Ancient, near Lebanon, Warren County, Ohio. This property consists of some 300 acres, including the prehistoric fort or earthwork enclosure, which is the largest and best preserved and most interesting remains of its character now extinct. Models of this fort are in many of the museums of Europe, and it is constantly visited and studied by distinguished scholars, not only of other States, but of foreign countries. The Society is also the possessor of that unique relic of the Mound Builders, known as the Serpent Mound, situated near Peebles, Adams County, Ohio. The Serpent Mound and Park comprise some sixty acres of land, and was originally pur- chased by the ladies of Boston and presented to the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, which latter institution, through the influence of the distinguished archaeologist, Professor F. W. Putnam, transferred it to the Ohio Society.   The Society has in course of preparation an archaeological map, which will designate the location of all important mounds, monuments, graves, village sites, etc., of the prehistoric period within Ohio. It has been estimated that these places of interest, worthy of note, number not less than fifteen thousand.   The Library of the Society, which numbers many rare volumes, and is being constantly augmented by exchanges and otherwise, occupies an excellent room in Page Building. The students of the Ohio State University have free use of the museum and library.   Probably no archaeological society of any State has done so much in the way of publication and dissemination of valuable historical information as has the Ohio Society. It issues annually, in quarterly form, a volume of material concerning the history, archaeology and biography of the State. This material is nearly all originally prepared by specialists exclusively for publication by the Society. It has published thirteen volumes, averaging some 50o pages to the volume. These books are now in great demand, not only by similar societies and by scholars and libraries throughout the United States, but also by the governments and leading libraries of the Old World. Many editions of each volume have been published. The State each year provides by appropriation for the publication of these works. They do not, however, come within the category of State documents for gratuitous distribution. Their circulation is limited to the members of the Society and the libraries and societies which receive them in exchange for similar publications, except in some instances, when the General Assembly has made special provision for their publication and distribution to the members of the Legislature.   In addition to its regular annual publication, the Society has published an elaborate and extensive "Archaeological History of Ohio." This work describes and illustrates all the leading archaelogic remains in the State, with accounts of many that have disappeared. It also embraces practically all that is known concerning the Indian and prehistoric races in Ohio—the customs, methods of living and religious ceremonies of these people, whose civilization, such as it was, has long since passed entirely out of existence. This book also presents a complete bibliography of all the works and authorities upon the subjects of which it treats. Probably no work of its character of greater value has ever been published. It was prepared and edited by the well-known archaeologist, Mr. Gerard Fowke. The Society has also published a valuable vdlume containing the entire proceedings of the Centennial Celebration   - 223 -   of the organization of the State of Ohio, which organization occurred on March I, 1803, and the celebration of which was held at Chillicothe May 20. and 2 1 ., 1903. At this anniversary addresses were made by many of the most distinguished speakers of Ohio, covering the topics of the progress of Ohio in all its departments, literature, education, civil government, industrial resources, military and naval affairs, etc.   The annual publications and quarterlies of the Society are edited and published under the supervision of Mr. E. 0. Randall, who has been the Secretary of the Society since December, 1893.   - 224 -