OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 225 of errand boy to a member of the firm, having been admitted to a partnership January 1, 1888. Mr. Blum was married September 25, 1884, to Theressa, daughter of Casper Miller, deceased, an old and and leading citizen of the city. To them two children have been born: William L. and Lovetta E. Mr. and Mrs. Blum are both communicants of St. Alphonsus Catholic church. Edmund Bocking, a prominent druggist and pharmacist of Wheeling, has occupied his present location in that city since 1858, and is the oldest druggist of the state in years of experience. Mr. Bocking was born in Dusseldorf, Prussia, in 1833, the son of Adolph and Mary (Bruckner) Bocking, who emigrated to America in 1849, and settled. at Phillipsburg, Beaver county, Penn., where they died. In 1850 Edmund Bocking found employment as a clerk in a drug store at Pittsburgh, with the view of learning the business, and in 1851, he came to Wheeling, where in 1856, he opened a store of his own, with which he has since successfuly conducted. Few pharmacists are so thoroughly acquainted with the business in all its details, and few have so completely won the confidence of the public. Mr. Bocking has always taken a great interest in the advancement of his vocation, was the projector and founder of the State Pharmaceutical association, and is an active member of the American association, and is the originator of the pharmacy law of West Virginia, of which but one druggist was acquainted until the act appeared in the public prints. Under that law he held the position of commissioner of pharmacy of West Virginia for four years, and has held the.office of commissioner for Ohio county for one term. Mr. Bocking is a member of the I. A. 0. M. and Masonic fraternities; is popular in his social relations, and is generally recognized as one of the prominent men of the city. In politics he is a staunch republican. He was married in 18.56, to Sarah, daughter of George W. Johnson, of Wheeling, and they have one son living, Edmund F. Rev. Dr. Benjamin Aaron Bonnheim, rabbi of the Hebrew congregation at Wheeling, is a native of Prussia, born July 9, 1841. His early education was received in a college at Marburg, and he subsequently for eight years, held the position of a government teacher. His youthful inclination was to the profession of medicine, but not being able to obtain such an education he turned to the clerical calling, in which his father was prominent as a rabbi, and while teaching pursued theological studies at Marburg. Emigrating to America, October 18, 1866, he landed at New York, October 31, and there gave private lessons for a few months, after which he removed to Baltimore and continued to teach until March, 1867. He was then called to Columbus, Ga., where he served as pastor of the Hebrew congregation B,nai Israel for three years, at first, and then after an interval of four years as pastor of the Hebrew Benevolent congregation at Atlanta, he was at Columbus, Ga., "a second period of three years. He was by this time able to preach in English as well as German. In June, 1876, he obtained a leave of absence and visited his old home and his father, who has since died at the age of eighty-seven years. 15—A. 226 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. He returned from Germany to Columbus, Ga., in September, 1876. In the following year he accepted a call to Columbus, Ohio, and he had labored there as a rabbi of the Hebrew congregation acceptably six years, when he determined to gratify his desire for the study of medicine, and consequently in the fall of 1879, entered the medical college of that city, at the same time discharging faithfully his ministerial duties, where he was graduated in February, 1882. In April of the following year he was chosen superintendent of the Hebrew hospital and asylum at Baltimore, Md., a position he held for five years, discharging his duties as such and as a resident physician in so able a manner as to win for him on his resignation numerous testimonials to his 'high character and professional ability. His resignation occurred in January, 1888, and in the. following April he accepted the call of the Hebrew congregation at Wheeling. Dr. Bonnheim was married December 25, 1871, to Pauline Hofmann, daughter of Rev. Dr. Hofmann, rabbi at Baltimore. They have had six children: Solomon, now deceased; Hannchen; Theodore, now deceased; Agnes, deceased; Gustchen, and Arthur. Dr. Bonnheim is quite popular and has invigorated new religious life in his congregation, and is a member of the B,nai B,rith, the Royal Arcanum, and the A. O. U. W. John A. Boring, a venerable citizen of Wheeling, who has acted an important part, as a leading builder, in its development, was born in Washington, Penn., October 14, 1816. His parents were Ephraim M. and Margaret (Henry) Boring, both natives of Pennsylvania, who settled at Zanesville in 1817, and thence came to Wheeling in 1824. The father was a mechanic of considerable skill, and followed at various times stone masonry, bricklaying, tailoring and carpentry. During the war of 1812, he occupied the position of fife major. His death occurred in Christian county, Ky., April 21, 1858, at the age of fifty-eight years. Nine children were born to him, of .whom seven grew to maturity: Charlotte, wife of Jacob Robinson; John W.; Sarah, wife of Mr. Clark; Ellen, wife of William Hercules; Eliza, wife of Henry Smith; Martha, wife of Thaddeus Bell, and George W. John W., the subject of this mention, who was reared in Wheeling, and engaged in business there as a bricklayer and manufacturer, in which he was occupied for forty years. Among the buildings which he erected are Washington Hall, built in 1852, First ward school building, in 1869, Fourth ward school, in 1870, and many others, including dwellings and warehouses. Mr. Boring has been prominent socially throughout his career, and has been for thirty years a member of the Baptist church, and is a veteran member of the I. O. O. F. He has taken an interest in public affairs, and in the government of the city, having served seventeen years faithfully and honorably as a member of the city council, and ten years as a member of the board of county commissioners. He has also acted four years as a member of the board of education. Mr. Boring has been three times married: first to Louisa Stevenson, of Virginia; second, to Eliza A. Snyder, of Cincinnati, and lastly, to Josephine, OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 227 daughter of Peter Zillars, of Wheeling, by whom he has four children: Retta, Eliza A., Mary M. and John W. Jr. Adolph Bott, an enterprising retail grocer of Wheeling, was born at Borbels, by Geisa, Sachsen Weimar Eisenach, Germany, Febru ary 19, 1852. His parents, Joseph and Katharine Bott, both died while he was a child, the mother when he was six, and the father when he was fourteen, years old. He worked on a farm at his native place until he was seventeen years old, when, in the year 1869, he embarked at Bremen, on September 4, and reached Baltimore on October I0. Coming direct to Wheeling, he arrived at that city October 12, 1869, and there has made his home ever since. He was first employed at farm work near the city for two years, and he was then for six years engaged in coal mining, after which in 1877 he became interested in the dairy business, which occupied him for seven years. He engaged in the grocery trade at No. 263 Eoff street, in 1884, and has there done a successful business ever since. He is a popular business man and has many friends. On January 15, 1874, he was married to Elizabeth Shaedler, who was born in Hauswurtz, Hessen, Germany, March 20, 1856, the daughter of Joseph and Dorothea Shaedler, and came to America with a sister in 1872. Mr. Bott made a visit to his native land in the summer of 1886, and on his return brought with him Bertha Schwert, his sister,s daughter, who has a home in his family. Mr. and Mrs. Bott are members of the Catholic church, and he is a member of St. Alphonsus society, and the German pioneer society. Judge George E. Boyd, a well-known member of the bar of Wheeling, and prominent among the jurists of the state, is a native of Cumberland, Ohio, and is .a son of John E. Boyd, who was one of the early merchants of Wheeling. The latter was born at Alexandria, Va., in 1812, and in about the year 1830, removed to Washington, Guernsey Co., Ohio, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. Thence he subsequently removed to Cumberland in the same county, and from that place in about 1849 he came to Wheeling and formed a partnership with Samuel Ott. Under the firm name of Boyd & Ott these gentlemen did an extensive business in wholesaling dry goods. About the year 1861 John E. Boyd removed to Philadelphia, and embarked in the banking business, and established and served as president of the Gold Exchange. Retiring from business in 1868 he made his home at Chase City, Va., and is there engaged at farming at present. His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Endly, was married to him at Washington, Ohio, some fifty-five years ago. She is a native of Maryland, and is a daughter of Jacob Endly, of German descent. Three sons and two daughters were born to these parents, of whom one son is deceased. Judge Boyd was born in Cumberland, Ohio, December 29, 1839, and after the first ten years of his life spent in his native place he became a resident of Wheeling, where he has ever since remained. He received his literary education at the Linsly institute, and at Washington college, Pennsylvania, at which latter institution he was graduated in 1858. He then applied himself to the 228 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. study of law, and after completing a course of study and receiving his degree from the Cincinnati law school in 1860, he was admitted to the bar in 1861. A few years later, in 1868, he was honored by election as prosecuting attorney of Wetzel county, and held that positi0n until 1870. His practice continued with much success and honor to himself until 1876, when he was elevated to the bench as judge of the Ohio county court, and this position he filled until the court was abolished. In 1880 he was elected by the democratic party as judge of the first judicial circuit of West Virginia, his election being notable from the fact that his party was in the minority. in the district. In the practice in which Judge Boyd is at present engaged, his s0n, George E., is associated. The latter was born January 24, 1866, and received his education at the University of Virginia. He studied law at the University of West Virginia, and was graduated at that institution in 1887, and in the same year admitted to the bar. The wife of Judge Boyd, to whom he was married June 18, 1864, is Anna, daughter of Alfred Colwell, a distinguished lawyer. The other children born to Mr. and Mrs. Boyd are Alfred Colwell Boyd, now aged twenty years, and a daughter, Beulah Boyd. Rev. Adeodat Boutlou, of Moundsville, in charge of the Catholic church at that place, was born in Brittany, France, in the year 1850. He was educated in his native land for the priesthood, and was ordained as a priest for the diocese of Rennes in 1875. In December of the following year, at the call of Rt. Rev. Bishop Kain, of Wheeling, he came to the United States, and after remaining at Parkersburgh for a few months, where he obtained an acquaintance with the English language, he was sent to Charleston. There he attended the Kanawha missions for five years. In 1883 he re-visited his home in France, and during that visit having met With an accident, that disabled him for active duty, he was on his return appointed chaplain at Mt. de Chantal, near. Wheeling. It was from that place that he was sent to Moundsville in the latter part of June, 1884. Sobieski Brady, formerly a prominent citizen of Wheeling, who served the state as treasurer, and afterward as secretary of state, was born in Carlisle, Penn., in 1816. He was the son of Rev. Joseph Brady, once a popular Presbyterian divine, but at an early age was deprived of parental care. As early as 1832, he became a teller in the Carlisle bank, and in 1835 he went to Philadelphia and became corresponding clerk of the Farmers, and Mechanics, bank, of Philadelphia. Though yet under his majority, he displayed ability in financial matters of such a degree that he was sent to Wheeling by the latter named bank to take the position of cashier of the old Merchants, and Mechanics, bank, at Wheeling. This place he held until the bank with which he was connected was succeeded by the Merchants, National bank, when Mr. Brady resigned, and was for some time in retired life. On the 31st of January, 1875, he was called by Gov. Jacob, to the position of state treasurer, as successor to John S. Burdett, and that office he satisfactorily filled until his appointment by Gov. Matthews as secretary of state, in March, 1877. He filled OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 229 that term with honor, and subsequently resided at Wheeling until the time of his death in September, 1888. He was prominent in municipal affairs and served the city as councilman and as mayor for nearly a quarter of a century. On January 31, 1850, he was presented by the council with a massive stone pitcher, appropriately inscribed, in testimony of the consideration in which his valuable services were held. He was married in August, 1838, to Mary E. S., daughter of Hon. Alexander Caldwell, and to them nine children were born. Among these children the following may be named: Joseph B. Brady, now notable among the younger citizens and manufacturers of Wheeling, is secretary and manager of the Wheeling Hinge company. He was born at Wheeling, September 23, 1851. After receiving an academic education he went to Cincinnati, where he was book-keeper for a hardware house for three years. Returning to Wheeling he was for some time book-keeper in the National bank of West Virginia, and subsequently was connected with the wholesale grocery of Joseph Speidel & Co., a position he relinquished to become manager of the Evening Standard. In March, 1880, he became secretary of the Hinge company, and since 1884, he has held the managership also. He was married October 5, 1876, to Anna, youngest daughter of Chester D. Hubbard, of Wheeling. Charles N. Brady was born at Wheeling, May 8, 1849. For many years he was connected with the Hobbs & Brockunier Glass company, first as book-keeper and then as traveling salesman. He was the organizer of the Riverside Glass works, at Wellsburg, where he resided for some time, and from there moved to Washington, Penn. and founded the Hazel Glass company, of which he is president. Fie retains an interest in the Wellsburg works, and is also connected with a machine shop at Washington, and carbon works at the latter place. He is married to Mary, daughter of Elisha W. Paxton, of Wellsburg. William S. Brady began his career as book-keeper for Brues & Coffer, dry goods merchants, and was next book-keeper for the Wheeling Intelligencer for many years. Subsequently, he held the same position with the Hobbs, Brockunier & Company Glass works, and succeeded his brother as president of the Riverside Glass works, at Wellsburg. He was one of those who organized the Fostoria, Ohio, Glass company, of which he is now secretary and treasurer, with his residence at that city. His wife is Sarah, daughter of Dr. E. A. Hildreth, deceased, formerly of Wheeling. Charles F. Brandfass, one of the leading tobacconists of Wheeling, is prominent as a citizen, and in January, 1889, was elected to represent the Third ward in the second branch of the city council. Mr. Brandfass was born in Hesse, Germany, June 5, 1851. In August, 1860, he accompanied his mother to the United States, his father having died in the old country. They landed at Baltimore and came directly to Wheeling, where he had an uncle and an older brother and Sister residing. Charles F. lived and worked on a farm for several years, and at the age of fourteen came to Wheeling, and was employed at the McLure house for about a year. He next served an apprentice- 230 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ship at the trade of cigarmaker, and during the same-period devoted much time to the study of music. To this art he gave much attention, and was one of the organizers of the Opera House orchestra, in which he played the trombone. In 1873 Mr. Brandfass first went into business as a partner of Peter Muhn, with whom he has ever since been associated, and they opened a cigar store and factory at 1321 Main street, whence they removed in 1873, to the corner of Main and Fourteenth streets, their present place of business. They manufacture a full line of cigars from stogies up to the finer grades, and their brands are widely popular. The establishment occupies three floors of the building and some thirty-five cigarmakers are employed in the factory. The firm does an almost exclusive wholesale business. In 1882 they added leaf tobacco to their stock, and do an extensive trade in that department. In 1886 Mr. Brandfass formed a partnership with H. L. Loos, in the manufacture of chewing and smoking tobacco, which they continued until April, 1889, when in connection with Augustus Pollock, they organized the West Virginia Tobacco company, of which Mr. Brandfass is treasurer. He was married in 1873 to Mary Wiedenbusch, of Wheeling, by whom he has six children. He is a member of the St. John,s Protestant church. George John Bradshaw, the efficient manager of the Warwick China company, was born at Hanley, Stock-upon-Trent, England, in 1836, the son of George and Mary (Kelsow) Bradshaw. His education was received in the National school of England. He early selected the pottery business as a vocation for life, and at once began to learn the trade of turning, as an apprentice to Messrs. Harding & Coxon, of Cobridge, Staffordshire, England. Having served an apprenticeship of seven years he took a situation at the Messrs. Mentons, pottery, where he became the head turner in that noted establishment, remaining in that capacity for fourteen years. After severing his connection with the Mentons, Mr. Bradshaw was solicited to take,the management of William Webberly’s China manufactory, at Longton, Staffordshire, which offer he accepted, and for several years he was at the head of this large concern. His next business connection was with the great establishment of Hopeland & Sons, of Stock-upon-Trent. He filled the position of manager of the china department of this firm for several years, after which time he came to- the United States where he has since remained. His first position in this country was with the Eagle pottery, of Trenton, N. J. After several years of successful management there he became the manager of Homer Laughlin,s pottery, at East Liverpool, Ohio. September 5, 1887, he was secured as manager for the Warwick China company. Mr. Bradshaw has been twice married. In 1861 he was united in marriage to Miss Robinson, of England, by whom he had one son, George Robinson Bradshaw, of England. His second wife was Miss Birks. Their children' are: Florence, Susan, Jennie and Laura. The subject of this biographical sketch is a member of the Royal Arcanum, of the Equitable association, and an attendant of the church of England. Since coming to this country he has gained a very extensive reputa- OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 231 tion as one of the most efficient and able pottery managers in the United States. The Warwick China company owes its successful manufacture of the very finest china to him, as his extended experience in this department qualifies him, above all others holding like situations in this vicinity, to make a fine grade of chinaware. He came to Wheeling in September, 1887. George W. Bremer, senior member of the firm of Bremer & Schaefer, wholesale confectioners and dealers in fancy groceries, was born at Wheeling, September 7, 1854, the son of Christian and Caroline (Specht) Bremer. His parents were natives of Germany, and immigrated and settled at Wheeling in 1847, and still reside in this city. They reared a family of six children: .William, George W.; Anna, wife of Edward Schaefer; Henry, Ella and John. George W. was reared at Wheeling, and educated in the public schools of the city until he was twelve years of age, when he left school, and after various employments entered the fancy grocery store of Davis & Miller, by whom he was employed for thirteen years, first as errand boy, later as clerk, and during the last six years of his engagement with them, as traveling salesman. Having acquired a thorough acquaintance with the business, in 1881 he embarked in the trade with his brother-in-law, Mr. Schaefer, purchasing the business of Louis Braun at the old stone bridge, where they were located one year and three months. They then did business at the Reed block on Main street, and remained there until 1886, since when they have occupied their establishment extending from Main to South streets. This firm started out with a limited capital, but the excellent knowledge of business they have manifested, and the remarkable popularity they soon achieved, have given them a trade second to none in the city. Mr. Bremer is in politics a democrat. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church, and his fraternal affiliations are with the Masonic order, in which he has the degrees of R. A. M., K. T., and Mystic Shrine. In May, 1881, Mr. Bremer was married to Rebecca E., daughter of Thomas and Barbara Colvin, of Wheeling, and he has one son: Earl C. A name worthy to be perpetuated in connection with the history of the upper Ohio valley, is that of John Brice, the pioneer of the Presbyterian ministry in Ohio county. A native of Maryland, he studied theology at the Princeton, N. J., seminary, at the time when that famous institution was held in a double log-house, which building was used both as a boarding house and class room. From Princeton John Brice walked to Ohio county, carrying his wardrobe and library, a change of linen, a bible and hymn-book, his total possessions, in a pack on his back. He settled on Wheeling creek, and there and thereabouts preached the gospel. Under his charge the first two Presbyterian churches of the county were organized, the first one being held in a log-house, on the site of the old stone church, at the forks of Wheeling creek. He was married after coming to this county to Margaret Stockton, of near Pittsburgh, by whom he had one son and six daughters. The son, John Brice, was born March 19, 232 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. 1797, and became a farmer of his native county of Ohio. in about 1821 he was married to Nancy Byers, of Washington county, Penn., and in 1824 he removed to Belm0nt county, Ohio, where he purchased land. There he followed the life of a farmer, and a worthy and esteemed citizen, until his death, in 1882. His wife died in 1871 at the age of sixty-seven years. Nine children were born to them: Mary J., who married Alexander Greenlee, and died in 1858; Thomas B.; John; William S., died in 1859; Margaret, widow of James A. Carroll; Robert S., physician of Denver, Col.•, S. L.; Annie Waters, of Allegheny City; Sarah E., wife of Joseph Lanson, superintendent of Belmont bridge, Sylvester L. Brice, son of the above, now one of the prominent druggists of Wheeling, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, February 19, 1840, and was reared to his sixteenth year on the farm in his-native county. He then attended school one year at West Alexander academy, and after teaching a period, attended the academy at Washington, Ohio, the High school at Powhattan, and afterward the Lebanon, Ohio, college. In 1862 he enlisted in the Union army as a member of C0mpany F, Fifty-second regiment Ohio volunteers, and served until the close of the war, winning by honorable conduct promotion from private to captain of his company. During the march to the sea and through the Carolinas, he served as adjutant of his regiment. After the war he came to Wheeling, and became a clerk. for McClain & Bros., druggists, and in April, 1867, embarked in business for himself at the corner of Jacob and Thirty-sixth streets. Mr. Brice is one of the influential men of the city, and has twice held a seat in the first branch of the city council, first from the Eighth and next from the Sixth ward. In 1887 he was elected city collector for the years 1887-88, which office he filled with entire satisfaction to the city, being complimented with a vote of thanks both from the board of education, and also the city council for the prompt and excellent Manner in which he discharged the duties of the collector,s office. He is a member of the Masonic order and a comrade of Holliday post, No. 12, G. A. R. In October, 1872, Mr. Brice was married to Ella Taney, sister of Miss Taney, of the Daily Register. They have had five children, three of whom survive: William L., Malcolm T., and Ella L. Mrs. Brice is a member of St. Matthews Episcopal church. J. Brilles, one of the prominent merchant tailors. of Wheeling, was born in Prussia, May I, 1836. He came to America in the fall of 1854, and first settled temporarily at New York city. Thence in the following year he removed to Canton, Ohio, and after a residence there of two years, removed to New Philadelphia, Ohio, where he remained one year. Going then to Cadiz, Ohio, he was a resident of that place until 1882, when he came to Wheeling. At this city he continued in the merchant tailoring and clothing trade, in which he had been engaged until 1886, since which date he has given all his attention to merchant tailoring, with much success, this establishment, which has one of the most desirable locations in the city, at the cor- OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 233 ner of Main and Twelfth streets, ranking among the most popular of Wheeling. Mr. Brilles is a member of the Masonic and I. O. B. B. fraternities. He was married in 1863, to Mary Aschhiem, of New York city, and eight children have been born to them, of whom four sons and two daughters survive. Rev. Jacob Brittingham, rector of St. Luke,s Protestant Episcopal church, of Wheeling, was born in Northampton county, Va., September 25, 1852, the son of Elijah and Virginia S. H. (Nottingham) Brittingham, natives of the same county. The father was the son of Elijah Brittingham and Margaret Long, natives of the eastern shore of Maryland, and of English descent, and the mother was the daughter of Levin Nottingham and Sarah Hubbard, also both of English lineage, and natives of Northampton county, Va. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood and youth in his native county, and in the public and private schools received his early education. At sixteen years of age he entered the Episcopal high school near Alexandria, Va., and after studying there three years he spent an equal period in the university of Virginia. He was engaged then as a tutor one year in Hardy county; W. Va., and during the next two years he was principal of the public school at Moorefield. During part of this period he also pursued the study of law, but on the 25th of September, 1878, he entered the Theological Seminary of Virginia, with the intention of preparing for the ministry, and after a full three years' course, graduated June 23, 1881. He was ordained to the Diaconate, June 24, 1881, and to the priesthood June 13, 1882. For nearly two years he was engaged in missionary work in West Virginia, preaching at Ravenswood, Ripley, Sistersville, New Martinsville, Raven,s Rock and in Roane county. August 12, 1883, he became rector of Christ church, at Clarksburgh, W. Va. and minister in charge of a mission station in Grafton, W. Va. Va., resigned the latter 0n the 12th of August, 1888, giving.his whole time to Clarksburg until January 25, 1889, when he 'accepted a call to a parish in Wheeling. On March 3, 1889, he entered upon the rectorship he now holds, and during his comparatively brief service here he has evinced notable ability and devotion to his cause. The Rev. Samuel R. Brockunier, widely known throughout the middle and western states, as an able and successful minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, was one of the early pioneers of his denomination in the Ohio valley, fulfilling his mission with usefulness and acceptability for the space of nearly fifty years. He was born in Huntingdon county, Penn., June 12, 1795; entered the ministry in 1817, and died at his home near Wheeling, July 22. 1867. His travels, in the line of his vocation, were extensive and laborious, embracing largely the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Ohio. His first appointment was to Chautauqua circuit (New York and Pennsylvania) in 1817, and was 400 miles around, preaching forty times each round. In 1821 he came to the vicinity of Wheeling; filled prominent stations at Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Steubenville, etc.; was presiding elder for thirteen years, a position in the Methodist church 234 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. of those days equivalent to that of assistant bishop; was a member of the general conference of 1836, and throughout all was abundant in labors, wise in counsel, safe in administration, and a genial sympathetic' friend and pastor. Rev. Mr. Brockunier was married in 1824, to Miss Sarah Z. Clarke, daughter of the late John Clarke, Esq., of Belmont county, Ohio, and Rebecca Zane, his wife. Their children were: Mary R., deceased; Georgiana, deceased; Elizabeth C., Wilbur C. and Charles W. Mr. Brockunier was a man of powerful physique, a strong, active brain, and a tender, loving heart. Traditions are still extant of the compass, power, .melody and sweetness of his voice as one of remarkable character. His success was very great, the accessions to the membership of the church through his instrumentality being numbered by the thousands. Thus " being dead he yet speaketh." Charles W. Brockunier is one of our most active, prominent and successful business men. He was educated at Pittsburgh, Penn., and came to this city with his father in 1852. Soon thereafter he entered the employment of Messrs. Hobbs & Barnes, glass manufacturers, in South Wheeling, and by virtue of his superior business abilities and other qualifications, while yet quite a young man, was taken into partnership, the firm name being changed to Hobbs, Brockunier & Co. The members comprising the firm were John L. Hobbs, John H. Hobbs, Charles W. Brockunier and William Lightner. The business steadily increased until their glass works became one of the largest and best known in the United States, exporting its wares to England, Australia, France and Germany, and achieving a world-wide reputation. For many years Mr. Brockunier was president of the association of glass manufacturers of the United States, and was selected to appear before the tariff commission appointed by President Arthur in 1882, to represent the interests of the association, and glass manufacturers generally before that distinguished body. His presentation of the facts and principles which should govern the duties to be laid in the glass schedule was so effective as to draw from the commission the compliment of having every one of his recommendations adopted and his evidence quoted in their final report. He was a member and took an active part in the tariff convention held in the city of New York in 1881. He was also among the pioneers in the oil development of West Virginia, being associated with Messrs. John Handlan, John H. Hobbs, J. B. Ford and W. C. Brockunier, in operations at Volcano,. in 1862 and subsequently. Their enterprise was successful and profitable. In the development of natural gas and its application as a fuel in manufacturing operations he took an active and deep interest, and the Manufacturers, Gas company, of which he was president; was the first to furnish that valuable fuel to the manufactories of our city. In 1887, owing to delicate health, Mr. Brockunier retired. from business pursuits, and the firm with which he had so long been connected was thereupon dissolved, the other partners also retiring. Still retaining his connection with various manufacturing and other interests, he became again, in the current year (1890) engaged in busi- OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 235 ness affairs, and is now actively operating as president of the Two Brothers Oil company, Brockunier Bros., etc. He is also vice president of the National Bank of West Virginia, at Wheeling. He was married to Miss Elizabeth C. Brady, daughter of the late Sobieski Brady, of Wheeling. They have had six children: Charles Wesley, Jr., deceased; Samuel H., Mary G., Shirley E., Elbert H., deceased, and Sara Z. Mr. Brockunier is one of the most enterprising and successful of Wheeling's citizens, and is recognized as an influential leader in all movements promising the advancement of the interests of this community. He is a member of the Fourth Street Methodist Episcopal church. Though taking a somewhat active interest in politics, state and national, as becomes a good citizen, he has hitherto declined the •high and honorable positions to which the partiality of his personal and political friends have sought to have him aspire without doubt of success, and is therefore at present a private citizen. Wilbur C. Brockunier is a native of Wellsburg, Va. (now West Virginia), and came to Wheeling from Pittsburgh with his father in 1852. For several years he was connected 'with the Central Ohio railroad, and during his incumbency of that office was elected teller of the Northwestern bank of Virginia, the predecessor of the present National bank of West Virginia. After the breaking out of the civil war he became chief clerk for Col. H. Leonard, deputy paymaster general, U. S. A., which position he held until about the close of the war. Upon leaving the employ of the government he engaged in the iron business, becoming a member of the firm of Acheson, Bell & CO., and subsequently secretary of the Wheeling Iron & Nail works company. This concern was afterward merged in the present Wheeling Iron & Nail company. He is still a stockholder and a director in this company. Mr. Brockunier is at present secretary of the Two Brothers Oil company. He was one of the original projectors of the Wheeling Library association; now the public library, and an active and useful officer of the association for many years. His tastes and preferences are for scholarly pursuits, and amid all the hurry and press of business he has still found time to give some attention to literary matters; to such good effect that he now holds the degree of A. M. bestowed upon him by the Indiana Asbury university, Honoris Causa an honor seldom given. David R. Brooks, general manager of the Wheeling Mining & Manufacturing company, first saw the light of day on the 17th day of February, 1851, in Wheeling, W. Va. He is the son of R. T. Brooks, who was the leading confectioner of Wheeling during his .life. He was a native of Lancaster, Penn., and his parents were among the old revolutionary settlers of Pennsylvania. From Lancaster he went to Norfolk, Va., where he engaged in the oil business, later he removed to Steubenville, Ohio, and in 1850, came to Wheeling, where he resided until his death in 1860. He learned the confectioner,s trade in Lancaster and Philadelphia, and was engaged in that business the greater part of his life. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of James Taggart, who was born in Canada. She is still living and resides in 236 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Wheeling. Five children are the issue of this marriage: Susan C., wife of Mathew Carpenter, of Wheeling; D. R.; Agnes S., wife of L. H. Albright, of Wheeling; Mary J., wife of David Jorden, of Mingo Junction, and J. W. Brooks, of Wheeling. D. R. Brooks was reared in Wheeling, and secured a common school education. In 1868 he entered the service of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad company, serving an apprenticeship with them, working his way .up to the position of assistant master mechanic of the company,s shops at south Chicago.. He resigned this place in 1876, and returned to Wheeling, where he went into the coal business in connection with S. H. and T. E. Kalsey, mining and shipping coal. The firm of Kalsey, Brooks & Co., was succeeded by the firm of Kalsey & Brooks, T. E. Kalsey and the silent partner retiring. In 1887, the latter firm was merged into the Wheeling Mining & Manufacturing company, which was a joint stock concern, incorporated under the laws of the state of West Virginia, by S. H. Kalsey, D. R. Brooks, J. W. Brooks, W. C. Jacobs and H. C. Richards. The company was formed for the purpose of doing a general mining and contracting business. D. R. and J. W. Brooks are the only original members now left. Mr. Brooks has been very successful financially, he is interested in the South Side Coal company, the Benwood Coal company, and the Hobbs Glass company. He is a member of Nelson lodge, No. 30, F. & A. M., Wheeling, Union chapter, No. 1, Wheeling commandery, No. 1, of the Knights Templar, and is also a member of the Builders, Exchange, and the Chamber of Commerce. October 13, 1874, he was married to the only daughter of Joshua Bodley, one of the most prominent and influential citizens of Wheeling during his lifetime; he was also the father of Bodley Brothers, the large wagon manufacturers of Wheeling. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Brooks, two children have been born: Martha, deceased; and David. Mrs. Brooks is a devout and active member of the. Fourth Street Methodist Episcopal church of Wheeling. Thomas C. Burke, passenger and ticket agent of the B. & O. R. R. Co., and one of the well-known young railroad men of the upper Ohio valley, was born at Westminster, Md., September 15, 1860. His parents were Chrysostom and Martha (Hasse) Burke, both of whom were born at Westminster, Md. The father died in 1864 and the mother in 1878, she being at the, time of her death a resident of Wheeling, making her home with her brother-in-law, R. T. Devries. There were three sons and one daughter born to these parents, two of the sons are living: Thomas C. and William A., an older brother. Thomas C. remained in Westminster until his seventh year, and then went to Sykesville, Md., and made his home with an uncle, William P. Gorsuch, with whom he remained until' his fourteenth year, during which time he attended the public schools and received private instructions. He then attended a school at Westminster for one year, and in 1875 he entered Rock Hill college at Ellicott City, Md., near Baltimore, where he pursued his studies for two years. He began his railroad career in 1877, by entering the B. & O. freight office at Wheeling. He continued in the freight department until March, 1885, OHIO, COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 237 during which time he was promoted from clerk to cashier. March, 1885, he was appointed local ticket agent, and in February was appointed city passenger agent in addition to that of ticket agent. Mr. Burke was married in Wheeling, August 24, 1887, to Miss Anna D., daughter of Arthur Little, deceased, one of Wheeling,s old and highly respected citizens. Mr. Burke is a member of the International Association of Ticket Agents. Robert B. Burt, a leading retail druggist of Wheeling, and a prominent citizen of the Island, was born at Wellsburg, W. Va., July I, 1857, the son of Samuel W. and Elizabeth (Brown) Burt, who were well-known people of Wellsburg and descendants of pioneer families of that region. Samuel Burt was born at Wellsburg in 1816, and died in 1859. He was a steamboat pilot by occupation, and in partnership with his brothers, was an extensive owner of river vessels. His wife, the daughter of Robert Brown, was born in Burgettstown, in 1836. Her father, a native of Lancaster county, Penn., and one of the prominent pioneers of the upper Ohio valley, was a potter by trade, and for fifty years conducted a pottery at Wellsburg. He lived to an extreme old age, and was widely known throughout this regi0n. The only surviving child of Samuel and Elizabeth Brown is the subject of this mention, the other child, a daughter, being deceased. Mr. Burt was reared and educated at Wellsburg, and in the latter part of 1876 came to Wheeling, where he found employment as a drug clerk for T. A. Brentlinger, with whom he remained three years. He then assisted Alexander Young in opening a drug store on the Island, and a year later became a half-partner in the establishment with Dr. Logan. This was purchased by Frank Falore, in January, 1887, and on the first of the following April, Mr. Burt opened his present establishment on Virginia street, where he has since met with marked success. Mr. Burt was married February 22, 1887, to Ida, daughter of H. C. Peterman, Esq., of Wheeling, and they have one daughter. Mr. Burt is a member of Island council, No. 4, O. A. M., and Mrs. Burt is a member of the Episcopal church. William T. Burt, a prominent business man of Wheeling, is a native of Jefferson county, Ohio, born in 1835, but has since infancy resided in West Virginia. His father, David Burt, was one of the well-known steamboat men of the second quarter of the present century, running from Pittsburgh to New Orleans, and three of the brothers of his father were also among the first engaged in that business. David Burt died when the subject of this sketch was about eight years old, and the latter when he had reached the age of fourteen sought an opportunity to maintain himself, and entered the office of the Wellsburg Herald, then owned by J. G. Jacob and J. A. Smith. He remained in that office from 1850 to 1857, and then came to Wheeling, and abandoning the trade he had learned, found employment in the business to which he has successfully devoted his attention. He became a clerk in the store of P. C. Hildreth & .Co., iron dealers, and remained in the establishment under J. A. Metcalf, who became proprietor two years later, until 1863, when he was admitted as 238 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. a partner, the firm being styled Metcalf & Burt. In the following year Mr. Burt went to Indianapolis, and with others established a house in the iron business, under the firm name of Burt, Metcalf & Over, which they operated for two years. Then returning to Wheeling in 1866, he continued in business under the old firm name until the death of Mr. Metcalf in 1874, when Mr. Burt succeeded to the business and has since conducted it under the style of W. T. Burt & Co. He has other important interests, and is a stockholder and director of the Woodward Iron company of Alabama, is director of the La Belle Iron works, a shareholder in the Bellaire Nail works, the Commercial bank, and is one of the original shareholder of the Peabody Insurance company. Politically Mr. Burt is a republican, and was one of the first members of that party in Brooke county, in ante-war times, but he has never sought official preferment. In 1864 he was married to Martha E. Burt, of St. Louis, and they have two daughters. The Caldwell family has been notable in the history of Wheeling and of West Virginia, from the days of the earliest settlement of the Pan-handle. In 1772, James Caldwell, the elder, came to the beautiful country about Wheeling creek, and by virtue of two land patents, took possession 800 acres running from Wheeling creek down to Boggs' line or Caldwell's run, and made the first settlement in the vicinity of Wheeling. He was a prominent man and one of the justices of the first county court in 1777. His children were: John, a surveyor and in the land business with his father, was in Fort Henry at the time of the massacre, and escaped to Brownsville, and died in what is now Marshall county; Samuel Caldwell, James Caldwell, the younger; Alexander Caldwell, who became the first judge of the United States court for the western district of Virginia, and died while in office, at Wheeling; Joseph Caldwell, who served in the war of 1812, was for many years president of the Wheeling Exchange bank, and died in 1864, at the age of about eighty-seven years; Jane Relfe, who when a widow, married Dr. Linn, of Missouri, who served in the United States senate as a colleague of Thomas Benton, and Elizabeth Williamson. James Caldwell, the younger, removed to St. Clairsville, Ohio, when a young man, and engaged in merchandise; was successful in business and became quite wealthy. He was in the United States congress from Ohio in 1825, and his brother Alex was appointed United States judge. He was in congress and took part in the election of Jackson and Adams, voting for Jackson. By his marriage to Ann Booker, he had the following children: Alfred, Elizabeth, who married Stephen Caldwell, of Philadelphia, and is now deceased; Theresa, who married John H. Langhorne, of Maysville, Ky., Joseph Caldwell, Jr.; James Caldwell, of Zanesville, Ohio; Samuel Caldwell, now practicing medicine in Illinois; Ann Caldwell, who married Dr. Chaloner, of Philadelphia; Alfred Caldwell, the elder, was born at St. Clairsville, June 4, 1817. In November, 1833, he entered Washingtsn college as a sophomore, and was graduated there in 1836. He then entered the law department of Harvard college, and on his OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 239 graduation in 1838, received a diploma signed by Josiah Quincy, Joseph Story and Simon Greenleaf. He began his practice at Wheeling in the same year, and soon acquired a fine reputation and took a high rank at the bar. He was a man of large mental acquirements, and broad capacity for usefulness, and his talents were liberally devoted to the community and the state. In 1850, he was elected mayor of, Wheeling, and was re-elected in the following year. In 1856, he was again called to that that office and again re-elected. During his later service, the republican party had its inception, and the movement was looked upon with favor by Mr. Caldwell. His sense of political fairness, prompted him at this time to protect the rights of the 'members of the new party to meet publicly, the first meeting having been broken up by a mob headed by Bolivar Ward. In 1856, he was elected to the state senate, as a free soiler, and became famous throughout the land, as being the only prominent Virginian who boldly maintained the principles of the new republican party. This brought upon him much denunciation and even social ostracism, but he bravely maintained his position and battled earnestly against the success of secession principles. In 1860, he was the chairman of the Virginia delegation to the Chicago convention, which nominated Abraham Lincoln, and soon after the election of the latter to the presidency, he was appointed consul to Honolulu, the chief city of the Sandwich Islands, where he resided six years. On May 3, 1868, the spring following his return, he died, and was mourned by the community as one of its most honored citizens, and by the profession to which he belonged as its leading member in this city. He was married August 16, 1839, to Martha, daughter of George Baird, then of Wheeling, later of Washington, Penn., and by this uni0n had the following children: George B.; Annie, wife of Judge George E. Boyd, 0f Wheeling; Jennie W., widow of Lieut. Thomas T. Dougherty, of the United States navy, now residing at Paris; Alfred; Harry, of St. Paul, Minn., engaged in real estate; Catherine W., wife of Frank W. Farrar, now residing in St. Paul, Minn.; Elinor B., in Paris; Martha T., of Washington, Penn. The first wife died in -1859, and on August 16, 186o, Mr. Caldwell was married to Alice Wheat, of Wheeling. To them five children were born; Joseph, of Chicago; Fannie W., wife of F. B. Hempstone, of Washington city; James, of St. Paul; Alice B., wife of George B. Atkinson, of Washington city; and Maud, of Corning, Iowa. All were born at Wheeling, except Fannie, James and Alice, who were born at Honolulu. Alfred Caldwell, Jr., attorney general of West Virginia, and one of the leading lawyers of the region, was born July 14, 1847. He received his education partly at Prof. Harding,s academy, and at West Liberty, and took a regular course at Oahu college, Honolulu. In 1864 he entered Yale college, and was graduated as bachelor of philosophy in 1867. He then returned to Wheeling and began the study of law with his father. In the summer of 1868 he was admitted to the bar, passing examination before the supreme court, and has since practiced his profession, attaining high distinction as an advocate. He was a 240 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. member of the state senate in 1875-7, clerk of the first branch of the council, 1869 to 1875, resigned when elected to state senate, and subsequently served as member of the council in 1879-1880, and was city solicitor in 1881-2; in first branch of council again in 1884-5-6. In1884 he was elected attorney general of West Virginia, and was reelected in 1888 for four years. Mr. Caldwell was married September 14, 1871, to Laura E., daughter of William S. Goshorn, of Wheeling, and.eight children have been born to them. George B. Caldwell, elder brother of the foregoing, and partner with him in the firm of Caldwell & Caldwell, .attorneys, and is one of the able lawyers of Wheeling. He was born August 1, 1840. In 1859 he was graduated from Washington college, Penn., and two years later enlisted as a private in the United States army, and served in that capacity fourteen months. He served first in the Twelfth regiment Pennsylvania infantry, three months, and then enlisted in Company A, One Hundreth Pennsylvania, or " Roundhead" regiment, and was on an expedition to South Carolina. Subsequently he became second lieutenant in the Twelfth West Virginia infantry, and was promoted first lieutenant and adjutant. He served under Milroy, Crooks, Hunter, Sheridan, Butler and Grant to the close of the war. Then, returning to Wheeling he began the practice of law, in which he has since been engaged. He was brevetted by President Johnson as captain, major and lieutenant colonel, for gallant and meritorious conduct. In 1880 .he was nominated by the republican party for attorney general, but suffered defeat with the rest of the ticket. He is a member 0f Holiday post, G. A. R. On June 28, 1866, he was married to Sue M. Smith, of Accomac county, Va., and five children have been born to them, of whom four are living, viz.: Perry M., who was among the first six in the graduating class of Yale in 1889; Martha, Sue M. and Virginia. During the war Mrs. Caldwell (then Miss Smith) was concerned in an adventure which for a time threatened serious results. A half-brother of hers, now an Episcopalian divine, was then an officer on the rebel iron-clad ram Virginia, located for a long time on the James river near Richmond. Taking a crew of five or six sailors from the ram he would frequently cross overland to the Chesepeake bay and at night, with muffled oars, in a small row boat laden with tobacco, run the national blockade to the eastern shore. The trip was one of thirty miles and part of the time out of sight of land, and its execution was one of peril. Miss Smith would receive the tobacco at the mouth of some little inlet, and would secretly exchange it for gray cloth, for confederate uniforms, or other useful supplies for her brother and his friends. The negroes betrayed the arrangement, and one night the boat was surprised by federal troops and the officer and one sailor alone escaped death or capture. Though not present at the encounter, Miss Smith was arrested by order of Gen. B. F. Butler, and taken to the Hygeia hotel, then used as a military prison. There for six weeks, she was in close imprisonment with the terrors of a court martial and banishment to the confederate lines hanging over her. Happily, however, Hon. Joseph OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 241 Segar, since United States senator from Virginia, who was retained to defend her, discovered that the soldiers who had taken possession of the contraband tobacco, at the time of the arrest of Miss Smith, had appropriated it as booty and he managed by a judicious intimation of the results of this failure to turn the property aver to the quartermaster,s department, to prevent the appearance. of witnesses against Miss Smith. She was released, but given a parole forbidding her to leave the county of Accomac until further orders. The war ended and she left her native county, but those orders have never come. James W. Callahan, an enterprising citizen of Wheeling, who is asso- ciated with the famous La Belle Iron works, as stockholder and manager of a department, is a native of the upper Ohio valley, having been born at Martin’s Ferry, June 15, 1846. The grandparents of Mr. Callahan settled in Belmont county at an early date, and were prominent among the pioneers of that portion of the valley. At Martin,s Ferry Mr. Callahan was reared and educated, and he there first found employment in a cooper shop, where he worked his way from the position of apprentice to that of manager of a shop. In September, 1875, he removed to Wheeling, and at once took charge of the cooperage department of the La Belle mills, of which he subsequently became a stockholder. In addition to the successful pursuit of his occupation, Mr. Callahan has taken a conspicuous and honorable part in municipal affairs, and in politics as a republican. He is a member of Black Prince lodge, No. 19, K. of P., and of Welcome lodge, No. 6, A. 0. U. W. Mr. Callahan was married to Emma Oliver, of Bellaire, February, 1874, and they have three sons. Hon. A. W. Campbell,* the subject of this sketch, is the son of the late Dr. A. W. Campbell, of Bethany, Brooke Co., W. Va., and was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, April 4, 1833. He removed to Bethany in his boyhood days and was educated at the well-known college there, graduating in 1852, when nineteen years of age. He afterwards studied law, attended lectures at Hamilton College Law school, New York, and graduated from that institution in 1855. He removed. to Wheeling in the spring of 1856 as an attache of the Daily Intelligences, then owned by Pendleton & Beatty, and in the fall of that year bought out that paper in partnership with John F. McDermot and became its editor. At once the paper took ground in favor of liberal political principles, and soon allied itself with the then young but rapidly growing republican party. These were not the days of free speech on the slavery question on the soil of Virginia. The influence of the eastern part of the state was predominant here in the west, albeit so many of the western counties had so few slaves, and to be a republican was but little better than being an out and out abolitionist, and to be an abolitionist was but little better socially and politically than to be tainted with crime. All classes of society felt the despotic influence of slavery over their status. It made preachers timid in the * By Hon. George W. Atkinson. 16—A. 242 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. pulpit, merchants and tradesmen timid in their business, and politicians timid and time-serving in their utterances. To be in accord with Richmond, with the pro-slavery press there, with the growing demands of the south in general for more slave territory, was the correct thing in politics and social life, and ambitious lawyers, editors and public men bowed their heads and knees at this shrine. Wheeling and Ohio counties had then not more than 100 slaves. This is the number given by the census of 1860. And yet the governing tone in politics and in society was but an echo of Richmond and old Virginia. In the year in which the Intelligences began its career as the advocate of the right of all men to express and vote their political sentiments, the circuit judge of the Wheeling district charged a grand jury (in effect) that republicans were suspicious persons and obnoxious to the laws and institutions of Virginia. Horace Greeley, the editor of the New York Tribune, was deterred from delivering a conservative lecture in Wheeling on the issues of the day, because simply of incidental references in his address to the slavery question. A Baptist minister of culture and high character left the city under the ban of this proscriptive opinion, because he taught colored children to read in his Sunday-school. The circuit court of Harrison county issued a menacing edict against the reading of the New York Tribune, and the club agent of that paper fled the state to escape indictment and imprisonment. Partisan postmasters, subservient to the Richmond despotism, withheld such papers as the New York Christian Advocate from their subscribers and were not rebuked by their superiors at Washington. A valuable statistical book written by a native of North Carolina, which discussed the economic phases of slavery, had to be read by stealth in Wheeling, and news-dealers were afraid to keep it on their shelves. They were threatened with indictment in the courts. Republican meetings were broken up by mobs and their processions stoned in the streets. They had no adequate police protection. Cassius M. Clay, of Kentucky, was threatened with personal violence for coming to deliver an address in Wheeling that he had delivered in the heart of his own state, and the directors of the hall in which he was to speak deliberated whether it would be safe to open their doors to this eminent citizen. These were the days and these the auspices under which Mr. Campbell began his career as the editor of the only republican daily paper in all the then vast area of Virginia. A stout heart might well have quailed over the prospect Almost from the start the Intelligencer was the constant target of the pro-slavery press of the state. The Richmond press reproached Wheeling because such a publication was permitted to exist in her midst, and between these reproaches and the objurgations of influential persons and papers at home, it looked as if the fate of the enterprise was uncertain indeed. But the paper lived, although in a precarious way for a time, and pursued such a fair, firm and conservative course that it gradually gained in influence and circulation, and when the great and exciting presidential canvass of 1860 opened it was fairly able to stand alone. Mr. Campbell went OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 243 as a delegate from Virginia to the convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for president, and returning home gave his candidacy an enthusiastic support. Wheeling was the scene of many excitements that year. There was no telling what a day would bring forth in the way of violence. Eight hundred republican votes were polled in the county—mostly in the city of course—and these .among the workmen in the iron mills. About 3,000 votes were polled in the state. These were the nucleus of the Union organization that at a later day rallied to the defense of the nation, and the salvation of West Virginia from secession. The local republican speakers of that day were Mr. Campbell, Alfred Caldwell and E. M. Norton. They discussed the discriminations in favor of slavery, in the matter of taxation and the basis of representation in the legislature, and these were 'strong points that arrested public attention and made a decided popular impression. Gov. Pierpont, although a Bell and Everett elector, discussed these issues from the same standpoint, and virtually made republican speeches. Public documents were issued and sent out among the people showing how West Virginia was subordinated and injured in all her interests by eastern Virginia, and gradually the way was prepared for the new state movement that assumed practical shape at the very outset of the war—just as Daniel Webster predicted in 1851 would be the case in the event that Virginia ever allied herself with secession. The history of the Intelligencer during the war is the history of the Union and the new state cause. They will all remain one and inseparable in the annals of West Virginia. In all those years no one threw himself more earnestly, ably and untiringly into the support of both than Mr. Campbell. Pres. Lincoln told Gov. Pierpont that it was a dispatch penned by Mr. Campbell that determined him to sign the bill (against the wishes of a part of his cabinet) that admitted West Virginia into the Union as a state. The Intelligences was the right arm of the " Restored Government" of Virginia, and Mr. Campbell was the trusted counsellor and supporter of the Union authorities both in civil and military matters. When the new state constitution was being framed he protested against the clause recognizing slavery, and predicted that congress would never consent to the formation of a second slave state out of the territory of Virginia, a prediction that was verified to the letter. The constitution had to come back for amendment, and West Virginia was finally admitted as a free state. After the war the great problem of the political rehabilitation of the state had to be met. There was an intense feeling among the rank and file of the Union element in favor of restricting the suffrage. All who had aided or abetted the rebellion were regarded as public enemies, dangerous to the results of the war and the public peace of society, and therefore not to be trusted with the ballot. Mr. Campbell was forced to dissent from this view of many Union men. He believed that such a policy would make an Ireland out of the state, produce endless discord and work to the infinite injury of all the material interests of the c0mmonwealth. He, therefore, prepared the celebrated " let up"- address (as it was called) to the Union people of 244 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. West Virginia, which was influentially signed, in which these views were strongly discussed, and although there was wide-spread dissent on the part of many leading Union people, and some bitter criticisms at the moment, yet the sober second thought of the people endorsed the position thus taken, and at a later day it became, in '':;stance, an amendment to our state constitution and as such was accpted by the people. Mr. Campbell, although an original and unswerving republican, has not hesitated when the occasion arose to thus differ from his party. He differed from them on the policy of the Greenback alliance and held that sound ideas on the currency of the government was a matter of such vital moment to the public welfare that the party could not afford to temporize for the sake of any campaign advantages. He differed from a large and influential element of the party on the issue of the third term in the Grant movement of 1880, a difference that resulted in the memorable denouement in the Chicago convention of that year that is supposed to have paved the way to Garfield,s nomination for president. In that convention Senator Roscoe Conkling, who was the leader of the third term movement, sought by the introduction of a resolution before the balloting begun, to commit the delegates in advance to a support of the nominee, whoever he might be. Mr. Campbell, in an able and vigorous speech, opposed such unprecedented action. Senator Conkling promptly offered a resolution proposing to expel Mr. Campbell from his position as a delegate in the convention. Mr. Campbell obtained the floor and most ably defended the position he had conscientiously taken; and among other things gave utterance to the remark, which gave him a national reputation as a man of unusual courage and ability, viz.: " Whether in or out of this convention, I carry my sovereignty under my own hat." Mr.- Conkling,s resolution did not prevail. Upon Mr. Campbell's return to Wheeling a public mass meeting was held in the opera house, elaborate addresses indorsing his conduct in the convention were made, and he was publicly presented with a large oil painting representing the scene alluded to in the Chicago convention. Mr. Campbell with all his prominence in the public affairs of West Virginia for a generation has never been a politician. He has left the manipulation of conventions and nominations to others. He had no taste whatever in that direction, preferring to discuss public measures in his paper and on the hustings. He has been largely voted for time and again for the United States senate, and there is no doubt had he so chosen he could have effected his own election. But this he always declined to d0, and because he did not no one ever heard him repine over the result, or saw him falter in his usual political course. His name was urged by his friends for a position in President Garfield,s cabinet. His endorsements were extensive, and came from the leading republicans from nearly every portion of the Republic. Of late years he has given more attention to business interests than to politics. He has been connected for many years with iron and steel manufacture, as president and director of one of the large works, OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 245 but has always been ready to take up his pen or go before the people in advocacy of republican principles. He was one of the three commissioners on the part of West Virginia to adjust the debt question with Virginia, and was charged with the duty of preparing a large part of the able report upon that question. He has from time to time delivered addresses on various subjects of public interest, and in 1887 prepared an interesting historical resume of the events, civil and political, that led to the formation of the state, at the request of the Society of the Army of West Virginia. His familiarity with all matters relative to the tariff caused him to be sent to Washington as the representative of the Ohio Valley Steel association before the Ways and Means committee of.congress. But few Americans have studied the varied phases of political economy as deeply and with the same amount of care and research that Mr. Campbell has given to them. He seems to know the history of the great tariff question from A to Z. The writer has heard him make a large number of public speeches upon that subject, and it was a rare thing for him to repeat himself. Each address seemed to be a presentation of some new feature of the matter that he had not formerly considered. He appeared to have stored away in his memory a fund of information that was illimitable, and like a great spool, unraveled at his will. It was said of his uncle, the great Bishop Alexander Campbell, that his mind was like a sponge — it absorbed everything with which it came in contact. This is true to a very great extent of the subject of this sketch. He is an industrious student, and possesses the power to retain what he reads. His thorough knowledge of the great economic questions of the country, and his well-known fitness for the place, caused his friends to present his name to President Harrison for the vacancy on the Inter-state Commerce commission. The most prominent men in the nation, representing upwards of three-fourths of the states of the Union, and embracing both of the leading political parties, urged the president to appoint him a member of that commission. The president admitted Mr. Campbell,s general qualifications for the position, but was of the opinion that some active and experienced jurist should be chosen, and accordingly appointed Judge Veasy, of Vermont. The numerous testimonials forwarded to the president in Mr. Campbell’s behalf, show the high esteem in which he is held by the leading men of the country. Mr. Campbell’s individuality is impressed upon almost every page of West Virginia,s first twenty years of history. With voice and pen he was heard and felt, and largely followed, during the years of our statehood. Scholarly, and at the same time possessed of a deliberate judgment rarely found in men, he was heard and heeded by his less endowed fellow citizens. No man in all our borders is better known; and no man is abler and none more highly respected. Mr. Campbell was for a number of years chairman of the state republican committee, and the West Virginia member of the republican national committee, and in 1868 and again in 1880 he was the republican nominee for elector-at-large. For several years past he has 246 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. been an extensive traveler, and has visited almost every part of the United States, and written extensively for the press upon the vast resources of our country. Peter Cassell, a prominent citizen of Wheeling, who has been actively associated with, the manufactures of the city and its vicinity, is now retired from business, though still largely interested in various enterprises. Mr. Cassell was born near Millville, N. J., June 26, 1830, the son of Levi and Martha (Watson) Cassell, of German an4 English descent respectively, who settled in what is now Ohio county, W. Va., in 1837. They made their home at West Union, where the father, who was a blacksmith by trade, was engaged at the same until his death in 1840. He left a family of five children: Joseph, Peter, Nathaniel, Levi and Mary A., wife of John D. Jones. Peter Cassell was reared from his seventh year in Ohio county, received the advantage of a very limited education. At an early age he went upon the river as an employe on a passenger boat, in which occupation he was engaged three years. Subsequently he -learned the trade of glass blowing, and after a service of seven years he to0k charge of a press in the works of Barnes & Hobbs,. where he was engaged at his trade until 1871. He was one of the original projectors of the Central Glass company, which was established in 1863, and made a stock company in 1867, and since then he has been a director. He is also a stockholder in the Bellaire Iron works, the Belmont Nail company, and !Etna and Mingo Junction Iron w0rks, and is a stockholder and director in the Nickle Plate Glass works at Fost0ria, Ohio. Mr. Cassell has been a resident of Wheeling since 1841, and in his many years of residence here has gained the respect and esteem of the community. In 1862 he was married to Elizabeth J., daughter of John and Mary (Conley) Henderson, of Wheeling, by whoM he had four children, of whom three are living: William H., Virginia, wife of Frank H. Stamm, and Levi. Mr. Cassell is a member of the First Presbyterian church. Charles Cecil, who was born at Pittsburgh, was one of the prominent early merchants of Wheeling. He came of one of the leading families of Pittsburgh, and he was married to a member of a well-known family at Wheeling, Naomi Eoff. To this union four children were born, Charles B., deceased; Mary M., Alexander J. and Eliza J. The father and mother are both deceased. Alexander J. Cecil, now prominently identified with the manufacturing interests of Wheeling, as president of the Centre foundry, was born at that city, January 20, 1831. His first business experience was as a clerk for three years in the store of Bass & Robinson, and at the expiration of that employment he formed a partnership with 'his brother, and they embarked in the 'boot and shoe trade, and continued in the same for eight years. They then, in 1855, bought the foundry of J. & H. A. Baggs, which they operated for ten years under the business style of Cecil Brothers. The brother then retired, and Edwin Hobbs and J. R. McCourtney became the partners of Mr. Cecil, forming the firm of Cecil, Hobbs & Co., which continued the business for ten years longer. In OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 247 1875, the Centre foundry company was incorporated, and Mr. Cecil retired from the enterprise, but only temporarily it proved, as in 1881 he again purchased an interest in the company, and re-organizing the same, was chosen president, a position he still holds. These works occupy a, building 60x120, of three stories, and employ thirty or more employes in the manufacture of machinery, particularly the Wheeling nail machines, of wide fame and popularity. Their manufactures are of such extent that they are prepared to furnish the entire mechanical equipments of nail factories, rolling mills and potteries. Mr. Cecil is interested in other enterprises, notably the Warwick China company. He has taken an intelligent interest in municipal affairs, and has served on the city council one term. Mr. Cecil married Cornelia, daughter of the late Morgan Nelson, and they have three children, of whom two are living. One of these, Morgan N., is now secretary of the Warwick China company. W. H. Chapman, member of the well-known firm of Wilson & Chapman, wholesale dealers in painters, and builders, supplies, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, on January 24, 1838. His father was Aaron Chapman, a native of New Jersey, and his mother was Comfort Shumar, a native of West Virginia. Aaron Chapman was one of the early settlers of Jefferson county, Ohio, going there between 1828 and 1830. He was a carpenter and contractor. He erected a frame residence for himself in Tiltonville, in 1834, which house still stands, and in which all of his children save three were born. The mother died in 1884, at the age of seventy-six years, and the father died in September, 1889, at the age of eighty-six years. To the parents ten children were born, seven of whom survive. W. H. Chapman was reared in Jefferson county, and educated in the public schools. He began learning the chair making trade in Warrenton, Ohio, in 1852, and came to Wheeling in 1855 and finished his trade. He worked at the trade until the breaking out of the rebellion, when, on September 21, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, First Virginia infantry, Col. Joseph Thoburn,s regiment, and served three years; then re-enlisted and served a year, and was mustered out in August, 1865. He entered the army as a private; was then made corporal, then commisary sergeant, and served as such until the end of three years, enlistment, and after re-enlisting was commissioned first lieutenant of Company B, of Second Veteran regulars, and assigned to duty as acting regimental quartermaster until mustered out. He returned to Wheeling after the war, and as engaged in the retail grocery business for a while, and then nt into the sewing machine business, representing the Florence achine company. He next engaged in the grocery business, an hen effected a partnership with Hanes, Wilson & Co., with which rm he remained through its various changes until the present, part of the time as salesman, part of the time manager, and in 1884 was made a partner in the concern. He is a member of I. 0. 0. F., Lodge No. 40, also of the Wheeling Encampment. He is a charter member of Lodge No. 12, Alpha lodge 424, K. of H., is also a member of the National Union, and belongs to the Holliday 248 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Post, G. A. R. He was married December 26, 1859, to Virginia E. Phillips, who was born in Wheeling. To them eight children have been born, of whom seven survive. Hon. Robert Henry Cochran.--Of the many men of distinction whose lives are drawn upon in this publication for the purpose of portraying to future generations something of the character of those who, in the latter part of the nineteenth century, were accorded by general consent the credit of standing foremost in devotion to the public weal, there is none more deservedly conspicuous than the gentleman whose name forms the caption to this brief sketch. Of a modest and unpretentious parentage of the highest respectability, Robert Henry Cochran was born in Belmont county, Ohio, near Wheeling, Va., May 25, 1836. His primary education, acquired at the common schools of his neighborhood, was materially augmented by one term at a select school and two terms at a small college located at Richmond, Ohio, and by a full course at Duff,s Commercial college, Pittsburgh,. from which latter institution he was graduated in 1859. After leaving college he alternated the summer and winter seasons by farming and by teaching the district schools, -and night classes in bookkeeping, and in 1857 at St. Clairsville, Ohio, began and thence pursued, with his other work, the study of law. In March,, 1860, at Columbus, Ohio, he was admitted to the bar before the state supreme court, and from that t0 the present time the legal fraternity has claimed him as one of its most honorable and worthy members. He located first in the practice of his chosen profession at Martin,s Ferry, moving thence to St. Clairsville in 1864 to assume the duties of prosecuting attorney, and thence in April, 1869, moved to Wheeling, W. Va., and united for three years in a law-partnership with the Hon. Daniel Peck. Here he at once identified himself with the best interests of his adopted city and state. His sound legal ability was speedily recognized and his public spiritedness became a proverb. In fact it may be truthfully said, that although his life in Ohio was by no means inactive or unimportant, it is as a citizen of West Virginia that his greatest energies have been expended and his grandest successes consummated. In 1871 he was appointed general counsel (and soon afterward secretary) of the Wheeling and Lake Erie railroad company. At the end of about seven years, service in various official capacities with this company, he was, in 'May, 1880, made its manag ing director, and a year later again became its general counsel. The former office he held until December, 1881, and the latter until February, 1883. During this period, and directly under his management and influence, the road was completed from Toledo and Huron to Valley Junction (about 185 miles) and began to assume for the first time in its history, some importance as a medium of transportation. While yet connected with the W. & L. E. Co.,— and he was, during a portion of the period above indicated, its president -- he organized the Wheeling & Harrisburg railway company, and became its chief executive officer, a position he yet holds as president of the same company, now known as the Wheeling Bridge & Terminal railroad OHIO COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA - 249 company.* Judge Cochran, in addition to his many other industries, is now vice president 0f the Cleveland & Wheeling railroad company. He was the chief organizer of this company, then the South Pennsylvania & Ohio railroad company, and for several years the president. In connection with Judge Cochran,s railroad career, it is but justice to him and his friends to state that in the organization and promotion of substantial railroad projects in the upper Ohio valley, he has been more prominent and conspicuous than any other one citizen who ever resided in Wheeling. He has been instrumental in planning and advancing more important and beneficial movements in this direction than the public is probably aware of, and that, too, at times and under adverse circumstances when he seethed to be standing alone and unaided. For nearly twenty years Judge Cochran has devoted his best energies in effort to promote the railroad interest of Wheeling, and to put her on new lines east and west, north and south. By a special act of legislation he was an incorporator, and in 1872, on its organization, was made secretary of the Wheeling & Ohio Union railroad company, designed to bridge the river at Wheeling, and by a popular vote of the city of Wheeling and Ohio county, $700,000 were authorized to.be subscribed to this company and to the Wheeling & Lake Erie R. R. Co., but this was nulified by a constitutional amendment subsequently adopted and by an injunction. Later he was active in organizing, and became secretary of the Wheeling & Parkersburg R. R. Co., out of which initial efforts finally came the Ohio River R. R. Co. He was also -active in promoting the building of the Valley Railway, now running fr0m Cleveland to Valley Junction, and pointing toward Wheeling, and has devoted much effort to secure to Wheeling the Cleveland & Canton R. R., now running from Cleveland through Canton to Sherrodsville, Ohio, forty-five miles from Wheeling. Though the panic in 1873, and many subsequent reverses came, he tenaciously and without any local financial aid adhered to his purpose, and when the W. & L. E; R. R. Co. abandoned their line from Bowerstown to Wheeling, and their right to bridge the Ohio river at Wheeling, he took these lines up independently, organized new companies or revived old ones to build them, and to this work he for years devoted his entire time, and there is now bright promise that in a short time all these lines will come directly into the city of Wheeling. He is by common consent awarded the distinction of having done more than any other man to secure railroad facilities to his adopted city, and the people of that city and county, in 1888, at a special election, manifested their confidence in him by almost unanimously voting to his bridge company a subscription of $300,000. Having glanced hastily at what may be termed the railroad career of our subject, we turn to other, and may be, more important phases   *The Wheeling Bridge & Terminal railway company is now (February, 1890,) "rapidly completing a double track railway bridge over the Ohio river, at Wheeling, with an extensive terminal system on both sides of the river, including three double track tunnels in the city of Wheeling, aggregating over 4,200 feet in length. This road is intended to connect the Wheeling Bridge & Terminal railway company,s bridge at Wheeling with various railways on the Ohio side of the river.— ED.