550 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and clerk of the house of delegates under the restored government. He was for some time attorney for the city of Wheeling. In 1873 he became judge of the municipal court, which position he held for eight years. His energy and ability made for him the reputation of being a judge of unimpeached integrity and uniform impartiality. Hon. George W. Jeffers, who was the last to occupy the bench of the municipal court of Wheeling, is a native of Wheeling, and was admitted to the practice of law when quite young. He has received from the city of Wheeling, many evidences which attest the regard in which the people have held him. He was for many years, attorney for the city, and in 1871, was elected mayor, and served four years very acceptably to his constituents. He was elected judge of the municipal court in 1881, and remained on the bench until the court was abolished in 1889. Alexander Caldwell, for many years on the bench of the district federal court, was a native of New Jersey, born in 1774. He came to Virginia and became a student of the law in the office of Philip Doddridge, at Wellsburg. He was admitted to the practice in Wheeling in 1816, and for eight years was very active in the practice. On October 8, 1825, he received the appointment of judge of the western district of Virginia, and his commission, which is now in posession of the family, bears the signature of John Quincy Adams. Judge Caldwell served with much success and credit until his death, which occurred April 1839. The late Judge James Paull was one of the most prominent members of the old Wheeling bar, and enjoyed a wide-spread reputation as one of the profound jurists and able public men of West Virginia. He was the only resident attorney who was ever elevated to a place on the supreme bench of the state. He was born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1818, the son of George and Elizabeth Paull. He was thoroughly educated in childhood and youth, and after completing preparatory studies at Cross Creek, Penn., he entered Washington college, in that state, at which he was graduated in June, 1835. He then came to Wheeling, and choosing law as his profession, read in the office of Z. Jacob, and finished his legal studies in the law department of the university of Virginia. Nearly the whole of his career as a lawyer and public man was spent at Wheeling, where he was locally esteemed as an estimable citizen. In 1872 he was elected a justice of the supreme court of appeals of West Virginia, a high position, which he filled with honor and credit, performing its laborious duties with an industry and application that fatally impaired his health. His decisions, rendered during this period, rank with the permanent and valuable contributions to the law of the state. Judge Paull also represented Ohio county, during two terms, in the state legislature. He died May 11, 1875. THE PAN-HANDLE - 551 CHAPTER XVI. NEWSPAPERS THE PRESS OF WHEELING- HISTORY OF THE WELLSBURG PRESS - NEWSPAPERS OF MOUNDSVILLE HANCOCK COUNTY PRESS. A COMPLETE and detailed history of the press of Wheeling from the time of the establishment of the Repository, which would include the names, proprietors and dates of establishment and suspension, with something of the character of each, is quite beyond the possible. Indeed it is s doubtful if the mention of the many of that ephemeral class would be of interest or value. The Repository, Times, Gazette, Telegram, Virginian, Young America, Advertiser, Union, Argus, Press and News, and others all, after a short existence, ceased publication. Of the few papers of Wheeling that have stood the trials of a generation, the Intelligences is conspicuous. It began its existence during the presidential campaign of Gen. Scott, in the summer of 1852. Although many times financially embarrassed, its friends always came to the rescue, and today it is one of the substantial and influential journals of the country. It was first published by Swearingen, Taylor & Co. Taylor was city editor, and J. H. Pendleton editor in chief. In 1855, Z. Beatty became a member of the firm, which afterward was styled Swearingen, Beatty & Co. In the same year Swearingen and Taylor retired from the firm, J. H. Pendleton succeeding to their interest. Taylor continued in the capacity of city editor until 1856, when Hon. A. W. Campbell became his successor. Mr. Campbell and John F. McDermot bought the paper in 1856, and with them it became the strongest advoocte of the principles of the republican party in all the south, and it is said was the only daily paper in the state of Virginia that openly advocated the first election of Abraham Lincoln. It strongly supported the administration of Lincoln and the cause of the Union, and was one of the most potent factors in the division of the state of Virginia. In 1866, McDermott sold his interest to Col. John Frew, G. D. Hall and L. A. Hagans. Mr. Campbell retired from the paper in 1868, but in the fall of 1873, he and Mr. Frew became sole proprietors under the firm name of Frew & Campbell. This partnership continued until the fall of 1882, when Mr. Campbell sold one-half of his interest to C. B. Hart, and the firm became as now, Frew, Campbell & Hart. Mr. Frew has for nearly a half a century been connected with the Intelligencer, and it is largely due to his energy and ability in the business management of the paper that it has taken a high place among its contemporaries. Mr. Campbell does not at this time take any active part in the management of the paper, but his name and pen have won for his paper a high place 552 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. among the able journals of the country. Mr. C. B. Hart is at present managing editor. His experience in the newspaper work has been varied and extensive. For years he was connected in different capacities, either as reporter, editor or correspondent, of many of the metropolitan journals of the east, but it is perhaps as a correspondent that he excels. George A. Dunnington is assistant editor, Will S. Farris and John E. Day, telegraph editors. The company now publishes a daily, semi-weekly and weekly, and have in connection one of the best equipped job offices in the state. The Wheeling Register.--The Union, a live journal, which ceased to be published under that name shortly after the beginning of the civil war, was succeeded by the Press. The last named paper, although short lived, was a paper of considerable influence. These journals were the predecessors of the Register, which began publication in the summer of 1863. The first issue made its appearance July 9th of that year, and much of its space was devoted to war news. Lewis Baker bought the material of the News from Henry Moore, and with the facilities thus supplied began the publication of the Register. It was established as the organ of the democratic party, and its bold and fearless advocacy of the doctrines of that party, and its criticisms of the conduct of some of the leading generals of the Union army, brought down the wrath of the " powers that be," and Mr. Baker and O. S. Long, the latter then part owner, were arrested and committed to military prison. After two months the prisoners were unconditionally released by order of Major-General Sheridan. The paper soon commenced publication again with renewed energy and encouragement, and it is due to Mr. Baker to say, that had it not been for the energy expended, the courage displayed in fighting the enemy, and the shrewdness in the business management, the paper could never have passed through the trying ordeal of the sixties. Mr. Baker is now the proprietor of the St. Paul Globe, and deserves to be classed among the able journalists of his time. The West Virginia Printing- Co. purchased the property from Mr. Baker and took control in 1884 with J. A. Miller as president of the company; James B. Taney, general manager and editor, and William J. Johnson, superintendent of job department. The business experience which Mr. Taney brought to the management of the Register, as well as his ability as a writer, has been the greatest factor in the success of the paper. It is now, as it has been from its establishment, the leading democratic paper of the state. Its circulation is large, and its scope of usefulness to its state in bringing before the world the natural resources and hidden mineral wealth of West Virginia, has, perhaps, been greater than that of most of its contemporaries. The city editor of the Register, at the present time, is Mr. W. C. Beans, a bright newspaper man, to whom much credit is due for the popu larity of the Register as a local paper. He is assisted by W. W. Whitmyer. News Letter.—Among the journals of Wheeling that have ex- THE PAN-HANDLE - 553 isted a sufficient length of time to be classed among the permanent institutions of the city is the Sunday News Le/ter, instituted in the fall of 1878 by ten practical printers. After about six weeks it was sold to R. Robertson and J. H. McFall. In a short time a part interest was transferred to G. H. Stull and W. S. Meek. Mr. McFall retired after a few months, experience, leaving the firm of Robertson, Meek & Stull in full control —Stull sold to M. A. Chew in about i886. In 1888 W. S. Meek again became associated with the paper, and during the presidential campaign of that year an evening daily was published, but the venture proved a financial failure, and the publication of the daily was suspended. Mr. Meek, who is an experienced and bright newspaper man, now on the editorial force of the daily Intelligencer, sold his interest to Mr. R. Robertson in 1890, and the latter has since been the sole owner. Under the management of Mr. Robertson the News Letter has taken high rank among the first class journals of the state. While it is in every sense a general newspaper, it has been especially the champion of labor, and has done much to advance this cause. The editorial work is now in the hands of Mr. Joseph M. Crouch, who, although quite young, has had several years of valuable newspaper experience. He is a bright young man, and the editorial columns of the News Letter attest his fitness for this responsible place. The Ohio Valley Manufacturer, the organ of the best industries of the valley, was established by the following stockholders in December, 1887: Belmont Nail works, Bellaire Nail works, Riverside Iron works, Benwood Iron works, La Belle Iron works, Wheeling Iron and Nail Co., Whitaker Iron Co., AEtna Iron and Steel Co., Standard Iron Co., Laughlin Nail Co., Spaulding Iron Co., Junction Iron Co., Jefferson Iron works, B. Fisher & Son, Centre foundry. Joseph Bell Stove Co., A. J. Sweeney & Son, Caldwell & Peterson, Greer & Laing, North Wheeling Glass Co., Central Glass Co., Warwick China Co., Wheeling Pottery Co., J. G. Hoffmann & Son, Reymann Brewing Co., Schmulbach Brewing Co., Peoples, Bank, Dr. George Baird, M. Reilly and Philip H. Moore. The first directors were: N. E. Whitaker, C. R. Hubbard, W. F. Peterson, Benjamin Fisher, Philip H. Moore, Major Alonzo Loring and W. H. Wallace. First officers: N. E. Whitaker, .president; W. F. Peterson, treasurer; P. H. Moore,. secretary; 0. G. Scofield, business manager. The purpose of the manufacturers as set forth in the prospectus of the publishers, is as follows: " This paper has been established solely to promote manufacturing interests of every kind and character. It will graphically describe our boundless coal and gas fields; it will illustrate the marvelous growth of our iron, steel and glass industries; it will demonstrate that this valley will ere long as potently control the pottery interests of the world as it now does those connected with the manufacture of nails, glass and Bessemer steel. There are two objects in advertising these facts: First, to inform the manufacturer of a particular line what is being done in other and different lines, and second, to prove to the outside world that our proximity to the best 554 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ore fields on the continent and the possession of magnificent natural resources, coupled with cheap fuel such as natural gas has proved itself to be, have placed us beyond the reach of all competition." Philip Henry Moore, a son of Henry Moore, an old newspaper man of ability and much prominence, long identified with some of the leading industries of Wheeling, was one of the incorporators and a prime mover in the establishment of the paper, is and has been from the first its editor. He was for a time associated in the capacity of editor with the Chicago Journal of Commerce and St. Louis Age of Steel. He is in everything connected with iron and steel industries, thoroughly familiar, and his editorials are widely quoted. He is an able and intelligent writer, and under the non-de-plume of " Cold Short" he has contributed many valuable articles to the literature of these industries. Mr. Austin Beach who is now connected with this journal in the capacity of special representative, while young in years is old in newspaper experience. He has been city editor of the Daily Intelligencer for the past ten years, the longest period of consecutive service of any one ever connected in like capacity with the press of Wheeling. He is a bright and versatile newspaper writer, and will bring to the performance of this new duty, such ability and experience as will no doubt prove invaluable to the paper. The Deutsche Zeitung von West Virginien is the only German paper published in the state, and was first issued as the Virginia Staats Zeitung, about the year 1848. It subsequently changed hands and became the Arbeiter Freund. After a few years, Messrs. Guttenberg and Colmar became proprietors, when yet a third change was effected; this time to its present title, The Deutsche Zeitung von West Virginien. Mr. Guttenberg, however, retired on the 1st of December, 1878, since when Lewis Colmar, Jr., has been the only successful publisher of a German paper. The Deutsche Zeitung, which was the name given to the paper in '1878, was a tri-weekly until 1883, when a daily penny paper was published for one year. In 1887 the Volksblatt Company, which had published an opposition paper for some time, made an assignment, and Mr. Colmar purchased the equipment of the office. He is now publishing the daily and weekly Staats Zeitung-, which is the only German paper in the state. It is a live paper and is well patronized. The Wheeling- Graphic.—The latest newspaper venture established at Wheeling under this name in August, 1889, was, prior to that time the Wellsburg Local, which paper had been conducted at the latter place by W. and F. Tucker for about five years. Believing that Wheeling would afford a larger field for operation, the presses and equipments of the Local office were removed to Wheeling and the Graphic has ever since been regularly issued. It is a weekly issued on Saturday and with the subscription list of the Local which was, upon its establishment, transferred to the Graphic; together with its Wheeling clientage it has a large circulation. THE PAN-HANDLE - 555 The Ohio Valley Farmer, as its name indicates, is devoted exclusively to the interests of agriculture. It was established by T. M. Garvin, Esq., who consolidated with it in April, 1888, The Practical World, that had been published at Columbus, Ohio, since 1884. The Farmer was sold to J. G. Leasure in February, 1890, and he is at present both editor and publisher. The paper is issued monthly and is well supported. The Press of Wellsburg-.-- It is probable that the first newspaper established in what is now Brooke county was the Charlestown Gazette. The first issue made its appearance as early as 1814. Samuel Workman was both the printer and publisher. Its legitimate successor was the Wellsburg- Gazette, which was edited by John Gruber as early as 1823. A few years later the Gazette became the property of Thomas Semice. The publication of the Brooke Republican was begun as early as 1833. Daniel Polley was the editor and S. R. Jones the proprietor. The Republican suspended publication in 1835. The Western Transcript made its appearance with the same man in editorial charge. The Transcript continued its existence until late in the forties, and was for a time under the charge of Wills De Hass. The True Republican, by Solomon Solo, and the Jeffersonian Democrat, by Dr. Hazelett, were also among the early newspapers of Wellsburg. The Wellsburg Herald was established by Joe A. Metcalf, in December, 1846, and after two years it became the property of John G. Jacob and James A. Smith. Smith continued his connection with the paper for ten years, when it became the sole property of Mr. Jacob, who is still its editor and proprietor. Mr. Jacob has for almost a half century conducted with marked ability this most influential journal. Mr. Jacob was educated at Washington and Jefferson college, being a class-mate of the Hon. James G. Blaine. He was one of the first men to advocate the principles upon which the republican party was founded. He was bold and aggressive in his denunciation of the crime of human slavery. He is an able and vigorous editorial writer and he has, through the Herald, left his .impress upon all public questions of his time. The Item, published by J. W. Plattenburg, was first issued in the summer of 1855. The Wellsburg Democrat made its appearance March 4, 1866. Alfred Glass was its first owner. He soon sold to James E. Anderson, who after a shorter period sold to J. F. Campbell & Son, by whom the name was changed to the Wellsburg- Times. In September, 1868, Alfred Glass & Son purchased the plant and changed the name to the Pan-handle News. In 1872 Eugene Tarr became the owner. He associated with him in the management of the News, W W. A. Brown, the present editor of the Hancock Independent. Glass & Son re-purchased the News in 1874 and successfully conducted it as a democratic organ until 1889, when its present proprietors, J. E. and J. L. Curtis, 556 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. became its owners. It is now upon a paying basis and under its new management its friends predict for it a wide field of usefulness. The Wellsburg Local was established in July, 1883, by James Murphy, by whom it was sold in 1885 to Tucker Bros., who conducted it with success until August, 1889, when the office was moved to Wheeling. Press of Moundsville, W Va.—The first newspaper venture in Moundsville was The West Virginian, established about 1831, by Dennis Parriott. After a short time its publication was suspended and its successor, the Sentinel, established by David McLain. The Marshall Beacon, edited by Archibald McLain, was published under his management till 1840, when M. M. Blackmore became owner. R. C. Halliday purchased the office in 1850, and after several years changed its name to the Herald. Wallace & Co. bought the Herald and changed its name to the Reporter. In 1871 Hanen & Bonar became propriet0rs. It was afterward owned by Dawson & Evans, and still later Evans & Rook. The Moundsville Herald, now one of the live papers of the valley, is the outgrowth of the new State Gazette, projected by G. A. Creel in 1874. After about four or five years Mr. Creel sold to J. F. Curtis, who changed the name to Marshall County Herald. After a short time John A. Ewing and C. R. Oldham became managers for Curtis. Under their management the "County" was dropped and the paper called Marshall Herald. The paper came into possession of J, E. Hart, but was soon sold 'to S. R. Hanen, who dis- posed of it in April, i886, to John W. Burchinal. Three months later A. R. Laing became a partner, and ever since it has been published under the firm-name of Burchinal & Laing. The name was changed by the present proprietors to Moundsville Herald. Under the management of Messrs. Burchinal & Laing it has become widely popular, and is now one of the newsiest and best conducted county papers in this section of the state. Both men are practical newspaper men, the former being associated with the Grafton Sentinel, part of the time as editor and proprietor, and the latter publisher of tike Whetzel Democrat. Many other newspaper have appeared since the first establishment in 1831, but they have been of short duration, and none except the Sun, deserve any extended mention in this connection. The Moundsville Sickle, which was the predecessor of the Sun, was established about 1887, by A. P. Carney, Ewing, Oldham and P. Meighen, managers of it, and by them the name was changed to the Sun. In 1889, W. M. Sprawls, an old newspaper man and practical printer, became owner. It was published by Mr. Sprawls until April, 1890, when the firm of Stewart & Sprawls became proprietors. The Sun is democratic in politics, and under its present management, the friends of the paper hope for it a useful career. Marshall & Wetzel News, of Cameron, W. Va., is the outgrowth of a job-printing enterprise begun in 1885, by Oliver Cook, associated with S. P. Carney, of Littleton. The News was established by them and has THE PAN-HANDLE - 557 grown prosperous under their management. The office is splendidly equipped, and the circulation of the paper is rapidly increasing. Hancock County Courier was the first newspaper published in Hancock county. It made its appearance in February, 1869. It was founded by J. W. Platenburg, who was a practical printer and an experienced newspaper man. He was born in Washingtou county, Penn., in 1830. At four years of age removed with his mother to Wellsburg, W. Va. Attended common school of that place, and Bethany college one year. Learned the printing trade in the offices of the Western Transcript and Herald, of Wellsburg. Followed the business in various places until the breaking of the war. Married Miss Sarah Wetherell in 1852. Conducted the Woodford county, Ill., Argus for two years. He enlisted in April, 1861, in the First West Virginia three-months, volunteers, during which time he was engaged in the affair at Phillippi. Re-enlisted for three years in the First Virginia infantry, and served out the term, rising from the position of sergeant to that of captain. During this service took part in the battles of Winchester, Second Bull Run (where he was taken prisoner, remaining so about a month), New Market, Port Republic, Piedmont, Lynchburg and Snicker,s Gap (where he received a serious minnie-ball wound in the left arm), numerous smaller engage- ments. At the conclusion of the three-years, term he went into the Second West Virginia veterans and served as captain until the end of the war. In 1869 he published the Hancock Courier at Fairview, being the first newspaper published in the county. The office has since been removed to New Cumberland, where it has a wider scope of usefulness. The Hancock County Independent was founded at New Cumberland in 1876, by A. W. Brown and S. M. Morrow. The first issue did not appear until January 10, 1877. J. D. Brown, brother of A. W., succeeded Morrow in the partnership, but retired in 1884, leaving Mr. A. W. Brown, sole proprietor. The Independent is an independent republican journal, but is more especially devoted to the interests of the community and the material welfare of its town and county, than to that of any political party. Mr. Brown is a journalist of long experience and knows what constitutes a readable country paper. A. W. Brown, editor and proprietor of the Hancock County Independent, was born at Wellsburg, Brooke county, November 24, 1854. He is a son of John Brown, born in Brooke county, about 1820, who was engaged in the dry goods trade and in buying and shipping flour and produce to the south. He died about 1860. His wife, mother of the subject of this mention, was born in Richmond, Va., about 1820, and died at New 'Cumberland in 1880. A. W. Brown began his experience in the printing office at the age of twelve years, but worked for but one year and afterward attended school at Wellsburg and Wheeling, and he took a course in a commercial college at Wheeling. Subsequently he was book-keeper for a firm at the latter city, two years. Returning to Wellsburg, he bought a half-interest in the Pan-handle News, from Eugene Tarr, and with him, continued the publication un- 558 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. til a year later, when he sold his interest to Mr. Glass. He then continued in the printing business at Cleveland, Wheeling and elsewhere, until October, 1874, when he came to Hancock county. Mr. Brown was married to Mary V., daughter of Alexander Morrow, a prominent citizen and justice of the peace of Fairview, who was founder and proprietor of the Virginia House at that place. Mr. Brown and wife have two children, Bert M., born November 21, 1877, and Lucy S., born May 23, 1880. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Presbyterian church, and he of the Episcopal church, and of Stella lodge, No. 47, I. O. O. F. CHAPTER XVII. BANKS. NORTHWESTERN BANK OF WHEELING,* the first incorporated bank of the city, was organized in pursuance of an act of the assembly passed in February, 1817. The commissioners named in the act for receiving the subscriptions to the stock in the town of Wheeling, were: Archibald Woods, John White, George Knox, Noah Zane and Samuel Sprigg. Similar commissioners were named to receive subscriptions in Clarksburg, Morgantown, Wellsburg, Parkersburgh, Beverly in Randolph county, and Middlebourne in Tyler county. The books for receiving subscriptions were to be opened on the first day of the following November, and it is presumed that the bank was ready for business in the year 1818. The first president was Noah Zane, and the first cashier was Thomas Woods, and John List, the father of Daniel C. and Henry K. List, was clerk. The next president was Archibald Woods. John List succeeded to the cashiership in about five or six years, and continued in that capacity until his death in 1846, when Daniel Lamb succeeded. Mr. Lamb served until about 1863, when he was succeeded by his son, Gibson Lamb. The earliest record obtainable is 1839. At that time the officers were: Archibald Woods, president; John List, cashier; Samuel Sprigg, W. B. Atterbury, John Eoff, John McLure, Daniel Steenrod, Thomas Paull, D. Cruger and Thomas Johnston, directors. The bank was located in a small, two-story building, upon the spot where George K. Wheat’s residence now stands, which house was afterward built and occupied by the bank. The Northwestern was always a conservative and well-managed institution, and so well in hand was it kept that, during the panic of 1837 and the long depression that fol- * History of the Northwestern bank is by Mr. George Adams. THE PAN-HANDLE - 559 lowed, it was one of the very few banks in the country that did not suspend specie payments, but all through that dark period in our financial history, it met all its engagements promptly. None but a well-ordered bank could have done that. During the war it went out of business, closing a long and honorable career, and was succeeded by the National Bank of West Virginia. It is an interesting as well as a melancholy fact that of all he many people who have from time to time been connected with the Northwestern as officers and directors, but nine are now living, viz.: Thomas Sweeney, Daniel Lamb, Daniel C. List, James W. Paxton, Gibson Lamb, Michael Reilly, Thomas H. Mong, Wilber C. Brockunier and William H. Woods. A very popular error exists in the minds of many persons to the effect that the banking business is mainly in the hands of large capitalists, and that the people in general have little or no interest in it. Nothing could be farther from the truth. I see by the last report of the comptroller of the currency that the national banks had capital amounting to $589,659,400, and this amount was held by 244, 523 shareholders. Of that number 234,950 were natural persons, and 9,573 were corporations, religious, charitable, educational, municipal and savings banks, loan, trust and insurance companies. Of these 244,523 shareholders, 141,683 held stock to the amount of $1,000 and less; 73,132 held more than $1,000 and less than $5,000; 27,965 held over $5,000 and less than $30,000, while but 1,743 persons held more than $30,000 each. You will thus see that the banks are mainly owned by the people, the merchant, the manufacturer, the tradesman, the mechanic, the widow, the orphan, the trustee, the executor; the rich capitalists owning not more than one-tenth. Merchants, and Mechanics, Bank was originally founded July 13,. 1834, the first president being Redick McKee, and this continued until 1865, when the title of the institution was changed to that of the Merchants, National bank, which went into liquidation in the early seventies. The Exchange bank, of Wheeling, was organized in August, 1874, with a capital stock of $200,000, and there is now a surplus fund amounting to more than $50,000. Its principal correspondent is the American Exchange National bank of New York. The executive officers of the institution are Messrs. J. N. Vance, president, and L. S. Delaplain, vice-president, with Mr. John J. Jones as cashier. Among the best known and oldest established of these institutions is that of the Bank of Wheeling, which was founded about 1853, and among the founders, in addition to some of the present proprietors, were Messrs. C. D. Hubbard and Henry K. List. At the present time the ownership of the institution is vested in the hands of Messrs. D. C. List, Gibson Lamb, Joseph Seybold and others, the bank being a private firm. The bank transacts a regular banking business, making loans, discounts and collections, receiving deposits, etc. Commercial Bank of Wheeling-.— This business was started in Centre Wheeling, as the Savings Bank of Wheeling, of which Thomas H. List was president and William Rankin was cashier — the former 560 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. down to 1865 and the latter to 1853. George S. Thompson was then elected its treasurer. In 1853 the business was conducted at 1135 Main street, remaining there down to 1861, when its management bought their present building— 1303 Main street—of the Manufacturers, and Farmers, banking company, and continued under its original name to November 1, 1865, when it succeeded to the style of " National Savings Bank of Wheeling," securing its charter under the national currency act of 1866. At this time S. P. Hildreth became cashier. It retained the name of " National Savings bank " down to 1869, when it reorganized as such under the state law, but under act of congress, 1874, it was subsequently obliged to drop the word, " National," and adopt the style of "Commercial bank. Mr. List resigned the presidency in 1878. W. M. List is now the president. One of the oldest established and most reliable institutions here is the Bank of the Ohio Valley, which was founded in 1864 as the First National bank of Wheeling, and George K. Wheat, as president, and George Adams as cashier. This old institution was one of the most successful in the city,s history, and much was done by Mr. George Adams to bring about this result. It closed up with a capital of $250,000 and $100,000 surplus. On May 19, 1875, it was reorganized under the present designation With a capital of $250,000, which in 1881 was reduced to $175,000, at which amount it still remains. The present officers and board of directors include such names as W. A. Isett, president; W. B. Simpson, vice president; F. P. Jepson, cashier. People’s Bank of Wheeling was founded in 1860, the original capital being $20,000. Later the capital was increased to $71,720, at which amount it still remains. The bank occupies a handsome building at the corner of Twelfth and Main streets, which cost over $50,000, and it is particularly well suited to the requirements of the institution. The bank utilizes the first floor and the upper part is let out for offices and other purposes, and a lucrative income is thus derived from the investment. Its energies are devoted to the regular routine of financial institutions of this character, such as receiving deposits, making loans, discounts and collections, and dealing in all first-class bonds and securities. A recent and valuable addition to the facilities of this institution is that of a safe deposit vault, built by the Hall Safe and Lock company. The officers and directors of the bank are as follows: Thomas O. Brien, president; T. T. Hutchisson, vice president, and G. W. Eckhart, Jr., cashier. The principal correspondents of the bank are the Third National bank of New York, and the Third National bank of Cincinnati. They have also reliable correspondents at other prominent centers and issue letters of credit in this country and abroad. The City Bank of Wheeling may be quoted as among our most enterprising and stable fiduciary institutions, and it was originally established in 1871 as the city bank, modifying its title to the present designation in 1886. Its first executive officers were Robert Crangle, president, and F. H. Eccles, cashier. The capital stock of the bank THE PAN-HANDLE - 561 at the present time is $100,000. The principal correspondents of the bank are the United States National bank of New York, Citizens' National bank of Cincinnati and the National Bank of Illinois at Chicago. The executive officers of the bank are Messrs. Henry K. List, president; A. S. List, vice-president, and R. C. Dalzell, cashier. The bank with all facilities at command extends an invitation to manufacturers and others to locate here, and is prepared to offer needed assistance on a liberal business basis. The German Bank of Wheeling was founded in 1870, with a capital stock of $50,000, the first president being Augustus Pollack, and Oscar Gemmer was the first cashier. At the present time the capital of the organization is $80,000 and there is also a surplus fund 0f $30,000. The executive officers are Hon. C. D. Hubbard, president, having filled that position since 1879, and L. J. Bayha, cashier, since 1875. The principal correspondents of the bank are the Ninth National bank, of New York and the German National bank of Pittsburgh. No financial institution in the city stands higher in the estimation of our citizens. The bank of which we now speak was established the 11th day of April, 1887, by men whose standing and successful business career leaves no doubt that its affairs will be ably and honorably conducted. The capital stock of the institution is $50,000. Its board of officers and directors includes the names of N. B. Scott, president; George Hook, vice president; P. B. Dobbins, cashier; S. I. Singleton, assistant cashier; C. P. Brown, E. Buckman, Bernard Klieves, j. B. Taney, Peter Cassell, John S. Welty and W. J. W. Cowden. This bank partakes both of the character of a commercial and savings bank. Besides granting loans and discounts, making collections and receiving commercial deposits, it is also a sound and secure institution where the savings of mechanic, clerk and private individual may be invested and interest obtained for the same. The Mutual Savings bank, which on March 4, 1887, was chartered under a new state law especially enacted for the purpose of the organization of this bank. The object of its foundation was to obtain for persons of moderate circumstances, mechanics and- others who wish to lay a portion of their earnings aside, a place where it may accumulate and increase, providing a fund for old age, sickness, eventualities and other contingencies. The law of the state exercises the utmost safeguard over the funds, and the trustees, all of whom are men of standing, character and stability chosen from the people, who combine to make the interests of the bank paramount with their own. It pays its depositors at the rate of four per cent. dividend per annum, payable in semi-annual dividends and any amount from a dime upward is received as a deposit. Deposits can be made or withdrawn at any time and in any amount, and the bank is open at convenient hours to transact business. The management of the affairs of the bank is in the hands of the following gentlemen: Howard Hazlett, president; W. B. Simpson and Edward Robertson, vice presidents, W. G. Wilkinson, secretary, and Alex. 36—A. 562 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Mitchell, treasurer. Board of investment: Howard Hazlett, wholesale notions; Alex. Updegraff, Belmont Nail Co.; George G. McKown, Redman & Co., machinists; Charles H. Watkins, book-keeper, L. S. Delaplain, Son & Co.; D. L.Ratcliff, groceries, 3543 Jacob street; Henry Serig, superintendent city crematory. The National Bank of West Virginia was established in 1865, and owns a fine building on corner of Main and Twelfth streets. James Maxwell was president for many years. Earl W. Oglebay is now the chief officer, and John Wagner is cashier. The eastern correspondent is Third National bank of New York. The capital stock is $200,000. This is the only National bank in the city. The first banking house in Wellsburg was known as the Charlestown Manufacturing and Exporting company, which commenced operations in or about 1813, and went out of existence about the year 1815. The housemmediately north of the Hudson Hflouse, lately remodeled, was built especially for this company. The branch of the Northwestern Bank of Virginia came next in 1832—the building, located on the east side of Water street, in the northeast corner of Water and Urana streets, was built about 1835. Dr. John C. Campbell was president, and Samuel Jacob, cashier. It was meWellsburg,e First National bank, of Wellsburg, which closed May 19, 1871 , and what is now known as the Wellsburg National Pendleton, September 25, 1872. W. K. Pendleton, ex-president of Bethany college, is president of this bank; Wilson Beall is cashier. The present officers are: J. C. Palmer, president, and E. W. Paxton, cashier. Capital stock, $100,000; surplus, $21,000. The bank of Wellsburg is a private banking house owned by Samuel George. It was ,established in 1871 and does a general banking business. The Commercial bank of existence's in thq first year of its existence, having been opened in January, 1890. It is owned exclusively by J. S. Beall, one of the old and substantial business men of Brooke county. The only bank in Hancock county is the Citizens' bank of New Cumberland, which was established in 1884. The proprietors are Hon. B. J. Smith and Judge John A. Campbell. The original capital stock was $25,000, which has been materially increased by the accumulating surplus. It is a safe and substantial institution, never having lost a dollar in loans. It has prosCampbell,r the management of John H. Campbell, who organized it into a national or state bank with enlarged facili ties for banking. Its correspondents are Third National bank of New York, Second National of Pittsburgh and Bank of the Ohio valley, Wheeling. The Marshall County bank, of Moundsville, is one of the safe financial institutions of the upper Ohio valley, but is not one of the oldest. Its capital stock is $35,000 and surplus $13,000. It does a general banking business such as receiving deposits, deals in exchange, make loans, etc. C. A. Weaver is the president and H. W. Hunter, cashier, and the care with which these men guard the interests of their patrons is a sufficient guarantee of the substantial character. THE PAN-HANDLE - 563 CHAPTER XVIII. By S. L. JEPSON, M. D. THE HEALING ART IN THE PAN-HANDLE- EARLY METHODS OF PRACTICE- EARLY PHYSICIANS-SKETCHES OF MEDICAL MEN- EPIDEMICS- MEDICAL AND CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS -MEDICAL JOURNAL. EARLY PHYSICIANS of this region practiced under difficulties common to medical pioneers in every new country. We who now enjoy the luxuries of steam and electric cars, macadamized roads, finely paved streets, gas and electric lights, telephones, fine pharmaceutical preparations and the many other aids to easy practice, might well pause to reflect on our improved estate, and give due honor to our predecessors, who, under many adverse circumstances, fought a good fight and did honor to a noble calling. It is worthy of note that many physicians, though engaged in a busy practice, have manifested much interest in public affairs, and been called to public positions of usefulness. Drs. McLane and Beaumont, of Hancock county, Doddridge and Drummond, of Brooke county, and Dorsey and McGinnis, of Ohio county, were preachers of theology as well as practitioners of medicine. Drs. Smith and Campbell, of Brooke; Logan and Hullihen, Jr., of Ohio, and Stidger, of Marshall, served their people in the legislature of Virginia and West Virginia. Dr. Hildreth, of Ohio, was a director of the insane asylum, and also of the penitentiary; Dr. D. G. Baird, of the asylum for the deaf, dumb and blind; and Drs. Logan and Stifel, of the state university. Drs. Tanner and G. Baird, each served as mayor of Wheeling. Drs. Bates and Hildreth were two of the first three school commissioners Wheeling ever had under the free school system; and the following have since served in the city board of education, viz.: Drs. Todd, Logan, George Baird, Hupp, Pipes, Jepson, J. B. Reed, McCoy and Dickey. The present board at its organization contained five physicians, the last named. It is interesting to note, by way of contrast, that not a single attorney is now, or has been for years, a member of the board. These physicians have been members of the city council: Drs. Todd, George, Baird, Logan, Hazlett, Reeves, Jepson, McCoy, Ulrich and Campbell. In every sanitary movement, physicians are in the lead, unselfishly laboring for the prevention of disease. So has it ever been, and under their direction great progress has been made in sanitary science, no less than in methods of practice. Of the latter, as carried on in the Pan-handle fifty or more years ago, Dr. Hall, of Moundsville, thus writes: " If a person was severely injured he was bled at once by opening a vein in the arm; and if 564 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. much bruised he was capped. The latter was the usual remedy for neuralgia or rheumatic pain. Calomel was the sheet anchor. In the way of medicine, all other remedies were considered subordinate to this, and its use was usually pushed to salivation. It was almost the general rule to bleed all multipart; three months prior to the end of gestation. In pneumonia, as soon as the diagnosis was made, the patient was bled to the point of syncope, and if the malady was still unsubdued he was put upon tartar emetic in as large doses as he could possibly bear, and excellent results were claimed for this method of treatment." All the practice was done on horseback and on foot. No vehicles for doctors were in use in those days. Bridle paths were the roads. The practice of medicine was fraught with great danger to the life of the doctor, to say nothing of the risks to health from hardships and exposures. It is pleasant to note the wonderful progress that fifty years have brought, not only in improved modes of travel for the doctor, but in improved methods of practice. The lancet is now practically an unknown instrument. Venesection is a lost art. Calomel and tartar emetic play but1890.nor part in the medical drama of 189o. The crude drug has given way to the active principle; and finely coated pills, capsules and elixirs have driven the nauseous powders and potions, the barks, roots and herbs of the fathers out of the market. And what instrumental aids we have to-day for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes! What physician could afford to practice without a stethoscope, speculum, clinical thermometer, hypodermic syringe, laryngoscope ? And mophthalmoscope,o for the microscope, ophthalmoscope, sphygneograph and other instruments of modern invention. All honor to those who have made their impress upon the generation preceding us, and proved themselves benefactors, without such aids in practice! We shall here briefly sketch the lives of some of these men and their successors. (We are indebted, for much that follows, to letters kindly written by Drs. P. C. McLane, B. F. Harden and R. W. Hall, and to papers and necrological reports in the State Medical Society's Transactions, written by Drs. Hildreth (deceased) , Frissell, Hazlett, Cooper, Dickey and Brock.) Physicians of Hancock County.—S. F. Marquis.— So far as we are able to learn, Dr. Marquis was the first physician who located in the town of New Cumberland. He studied medicine in Cross Creek village, Penn. The exact date of his coming to Hancock county, we have not succeeded ;n ascertaining. He was quite successful as a practitioner. Notwithstanding this, he abandoned the field in 1852, joining the great exodus to California, where he died a few years later. He was succeeded in practice in this county by Dr. David Baguley. William Beaumont studied medicine with Dr. George McCook, at New Lisbon, Ohio, and settled in New Cumberland shortly after the town was laid out. He practiced eclecticism and hydropathy, and opened a water-cure establishment, which is said to have been THE PAN-HANDLE - 565 for a time quite successful. He also preached in the Disciples church. .Samuel Grafton, a native of the county, practiced medicine here for several years, about the year 1830 and later. He subsequently removed to Wellsburg, and afterward practiced in Ohio and Kentucky. William Shanley, a native of Ireland, was born in Dublin in the year 1809. He commenced reading medicine at the early age of sixteen, studying two years in " Erin,s Isle." Being full of Irish patriotism, he was disgusted with his people doing homage to a foreign king. In that city on one occasion, when the whole metropolis was illuminated in honor of King William the Fourth, he could no longer restrain expressing his sentiments. While looking on at the performance, he said to some one near him: "How foolish the Irish people are to lavish their money on a foreign king." The soldiers overheard his remark, and by them it was considered treason. One started after him with sword drawn. Recognizing the dangerous situation he was in, he ran with full speed to the Castle, closely pursued by the dragoon. As he reached the spot, he turned suddenly in an entry just as the fellow struck for his head, the sword barely missing him, and was broken by striking the corner of one of the massive stone walls, and thus our subject escaped unhurt. He kept concealed for several days and then started for America, landing in New York harbor on the 28th day of May, 1828. He engaged in paper making in Springfield, N. J., where he remained four or five years. On the 28th of January, 1834, he was married to Miss Phoebe H. Clark. In the fall of 1835 he migrated west, where he devoted the most of his spare moments to the reading of medicine. Moving to Steubenville, he worked a short time in the paper mill of Oldship & Hanna, and then resumed the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Mayers. Afterward removing to Wellsburg, he went in as a silent partner and rented a paper mill, and carried on the manufacture of paper for about three years, still devoting some attention to medicine. In 1839 he attended a term at a medical college. He then removed to Fairview to practice medicine in 1840, remaining there about seven years. Along in 1844 he engaged in the fire brick business in connection with his profession. In 1847 he settled in New Cumberland, where he continued to practice medicine until failing health, from a fall received while on duty, compelled him to retire. He died in 1889. John McLane’s parents were Scotch-Irish seceders. They came to America about the beginning of the Revolutionary war. After residing in the east for some time, they came to western Pennsylvania. Dr. McLane was born in Allegheny in 1773. He attended Jefferson academy at Canonsburg, Penn., graduating from that institution in 1796. He studied theology with Rev. Dr. McMillen, at the same time giving some attention to medical study. He became pastor of the Montour Presbyterian church, in 1809. He continued the study of medicine under Dr. Warner, of Canonsburg, and in the war of 1812, entered the service as surgeon, and during the war had charge of a hospital at Plattsburg, N. Y. After his return from the army, he 566 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. practiced medicine in Hickory, Penn., as a partner of Dr. Lisle, and afterward at Florence, Penn. In 1818 he removed to a farm near Pughtown, afterward called New Manchester, now Fairview, W. Va. He later resided in the village. Here his first wife died in 1819. Three years after, he married Miss Celia Cullen, and in 1825 removed to Wellsville, Ohio, where he resided until his death in 1827. Dr. McLane was a man of more than ordinary ability in the pulpit, and as a surgeon he enjoyed more than a local reputation. His practice extended to the adjoining counties of Pennsylvania and Ohio. John Campbell was for a few years a contemporary of Dr. McLane in Fairview. He subsequently died in Pennsylvania. Dr. Sims succeeded the above-named practitioner, but concerning him we can gather no facts of importance. J. M. Dawson is said to have had an extensive practice about Fairview for twenty years. Giles Thompson also practiced there. The exact date cannot be ascertained. J. M. Todd practiced at Holliday’s Cove, from 1850 until 1856, when he removed to Fairview, and did a large practice there. He afterward went to New Lisbon, Ohio, thence into the army, and after the war located in Bridgeport, Ohio. See biography in another place. N. K. McKensie, a graduate of the Medical College of Ohio, after procticing at Fairview for a number of years, removed. to Ohio. Dr. Andrews began practice in Fairview about 1855, and continued in practice there until he died, date unknown. Robert Andrews graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1881, practiced at Fairview for some years and then went to East Liverpool, Ohio, where he now resides. W. E. Allison studied medicine with Dr. Todd, at Fairview, and graduated at the Medical College of Ohio, about 1857. He became a member of the State Medical society, in 1867, and was then located in New Cumberland. He was an excellent student and physician, and a quiet modest, Christian man. The date of his death was not ascertained. A. Mc Beth practiced medicine in Fairview, from about 1850 to 1862. He was a man of limited education and unsteady habits, but is said to have done very considerable practice. Brooke County.— Joseph Doddridge, whose book, " Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of Virginia and Pennsylvania," perpetuates his memory, was a-member of both the clerical and medical professions. He was the eldest son of John D., of Maryland, and was born October 14, 1769, in Bedford county, Penn. His father in 1773 moved to Washington county, near the Virginia line. His facilities for obtaining an education were very limited, and to his own energy and perseverance he was mainly indebted for his intellectual culture. After several years at school in Maryland he worked on a farm until eighteen years of age, soon after which, being a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church, and engaged in itinerant work. In 1778 he was received at a conference in Uniontown, as a traveling preacher. After his father’s death in 1791, he ceased this work, began to study, and soon entered Jefferson academy, Canonsburg, Penn. After completing his studies, he became a minister in the P. E. THE PAN-HANDLE - 567 church, and did eminent services in establishing new churches throughout western Virginia and eastern Ohio. A few years after his entrance into the ministry he was under the necessity of combining with his clerical profession that of medicine, in order to obtain a support. His own wife said that before her husband began the practice of medicine he was too poor to buy himself a second suit of clothes, and often hid himself while she mended his clothes for the Sabbath. He completed his medical studies in Philadelphia under Dr. Rush, about the year 1800, and located in Wellsburg. Here, and in the surrounding territory, he practiced medicine for a number of years, in connection with the ministry. In 1812 he was made a member of the academy of natural science of Philadelphia. He was also elected an honorary member of the medico-surgical society of east Ohio instituted in 1821. In the practice of medicine Dr. Doddridge was eminently successful and deservedly popular. The fatigue and exposure to which he was subjected in his large and laborious practice in the lapse of years undermined his constitution, and engendered a disease which terminated fatally in November, 1826. In addition to his " Notes," already referred to, Dr. Doddridge published " Logan," a dramatic piece; " A Treatise on the Culture of Bees," " The Russian Spy," a series of letters containing " Strictures on America," and some sermons and orations. J. C. Campbell was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, October 11, 1797. He attended medical lectures at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1813-14, and at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, in 1814-15. He soon after emigrated to America, and in 1818 he graduated in medicine at Dartmouth college. In the fall of that year he located in Wellsburg and began the practice of medicine. He afterward studied law under the distinguished Philip Doddridge, and. was admitted to the bar in October, 1821. Although he did not pursue the practice of medicine for many years. he gave evidence of unusual skill as a surgeon. It is related that he cured a case of fecal fistula, the result of strangulated hernia, by detaching the adherent in testine from the abdominal wall, and either removing a section of intestine, or uniting the pared edges of the fistulous opening. Dr. Campbell represented Brooke county in the legislature of Virginia. He afterward removed to Ohio county, living on a farm four miles northeast of Wheeling. He was for years president of the old Northwestern bank, and in many ways a valuable citizen of the county. Early in the war, having been for years an intimate friend of Secretary of War Stanton, he was tendered and accepted a commission as surgeon, although for many years out of medical practice. Secretary Stanton wished his influence to be on the side of the Union. After serving as surgeon of the Twelfth West Virginia infantry for some time, in 1862, his health failed from exposure, and he resigned; but was soon after commissioned as assistant judge advocate, which position he held until the close of the war. Dr. Campbell was first married to a daughter of Bishop Campbell, who dying, he some years later married a daughter of the late Samuel Sprigg. He died 568 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. several years ago, leaving a widow and several children to mourn his loss. Edward Smith was born January 17, 1796, on the Smith farm about four miles from Wellsburg,W.Va. His early life was spent on the farm. He commenced attending the academy in Wellsburg when sixteen years of age. He afterward studied medicine under Dr. Joseph Doddridge, of Wellsburg, and graduated at a medical college in Baltimore in 1819. He married Catherine James in December, 1820. He commenced the practice of medicine in 1819, and continued in active practice until his death, which occurred in March, 1874. Part 6f his life he was located in Wellsburg, and later in West Liberty. His field of practice embraced Brooke, Hancock and Ohio counties, in West Virginia, parts of Washington county, Penn., and Jefferson county, Ohio. He represented Brooke county in the Virginia legislature as member of the house of delegates, and also served in the same capacity in the legislature of West Virginia in 1867. He died at West Liberty. Robert Richardson was born at Pittsburgh, Penn., September 27, 1806. His education was carried on principally at his father,s house under tutors, but he also attended the schools of the city. When about eighteen years of age he began the study of medicine under Dr. Plummer, finishing his course in Philadelphia. He began a country practice about thirteen miles from Pittsburgh about the year 1828. He was married at the age of twenty-five to Rebecca Encell, of Wheeling, and subsequently lived and practiced medicine in Carthage, Ohio, and in Wellsburg, Va. When in 1841, Bethany college was founded by Alexander Campbell, Dr. Richardson was elected as one of the professors. He filled this position for over twenty years, teaching the various branches of natural science. He also filled the position of vice president and professor of natural science in Kentucky university for four years, being called to that institution in 1858. At the breaking out of the war he removed his family back to " Bethphage," his country home, near Bethany, but continued for one year longer to teach in the Kentucky university, near Bethany; he spent the remainder of his life in writing and in agricultural pursuits. He was a pioneer in scientific farming in this part of the country, and taught his neighbors the value of a small farm well tilled, as compared with larger ones cultivated by old and unscientific methods. He was also an author of note in the Disciples church. He published " Memoirs of Alexander Campbell," in two volumes; "Principles of the Reformation Urged by A. Campbell and Others," in 1853; " Communings in the Sanctuary,, in 1872; " The Office of the Holy Spirit," in 1873. He also contributed numerous articles to different religious journals. For many years he suffered with his eyes, and was compelled to call upon one of his daughters to act as his amanuensis. Dr. Richardson was a most accomplished and scholarly man, and in all respects a model Christian gentleman. No citizen of Brooke county was more sincerely mourned in his death than was this wise and good physician. A. W. Campbell was born in Ireland, April 4, 1804. He was the THE PAN-HANDLE - 569 son of Rev. Thomas C., and brother of the late Alexander Campbell, founder of the Disciples church. Dr. Campbell came to this country in childhood. He began the practice of medicine at Steubenville, O., and removed early in his professional life to West Middletown, Washington Co., Penn., and in 1849 came to Bethany. Here he practiced his profession until a short time before his death. He was also associated with his brother in the editorial work of the Millennial Harbinger, in its days a leading journal of the Disciples denomination. He was a man universally esteemed for the excellencies of his life and character. He discharged all his duties, professional and personal, with scrupulous fidelity and departing this life left behind him the heritage of a spotless name and reputation to his children. He died in Wheeling, April 2, 1879, at the residence of his son, Hon. A. W. Campbell, of the Intelligencer. Dr. Cook, of whom little can be learned, practiced in and about Wellsburg, prior to 1827, and was one of the very earliest practitioners in Brooke county. W. C. Kirker was born in western Pennsylvania, November 21, 1802. He attended medical lectures in Philadelphia, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1824. He came to Wellsburg about 1834, continuing in practice until a short time prior to his death, which occurred January 26, 1883. Albert Wheeler, Samuel Grafton and N. W. White practiced in Wellsburg prior to the civil war, the latter leaving to enter the confederate army. Dr. Drummond, who closed his career as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, practiced medicine in Wellsburg many years ago. He gave up his practice to enter the ministry, and occupied pulpits in Wheeling, St. Clairsville, Cadiz and other points. He will be much better remembered as a preacher than as a physician. The writer has frequently heard him in the pulpit, and has been entranced by his wonderful eloquence. He often made use of poetical quotations, and so eloquent and ornate was his style of oratory that it was sometimes difficult to tell where the poetical quotation ended. He died in Cadiz about 1885. E. H. Moore, only son of Robert Moore, Esq., was born in Wellsburg, April 4, 1814. After preparatory study in the public and private schools of his native town, he entered Washington college in 1833, but on account of illness, was compelled to give up his studies when within a few months of graduation. He soon after began the study of medicine with the late Dr. J. C. Campbell, and graduated from the Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, in 1840. Returning to Wellsburg, he at once entered upon the practice of his profession, and continued it with singleness of purpose and great assiduity until his death, which occurred after but seven hours, illness, January 17, 1878. Dr. Moore possessed good natural ability, and was a close student, often sitting up for study until a late hour at night. This habit of study, with close observation at the bed side, rendered him a scientific and skillful physician. He was also an in- 570 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. telligent and refined Christian gentleman, and an active Member of the Disciples church'. He had gathered around him a large and valuable library, not only of medical, but miscellaneous, books. He was an ardent admirer of fine paintings and engravings. The surroundings of his home always testified to the inner life and character of the man. Dr. Moore joined the State Medical society the year of its organization, and was one of its four delegates to the San Francisco meeting of the American Medical association in 1871. He was a member of the Rocky Mountain Medical association, honorary member of the Rush Medical society, and also of the California State Medical society. At the time of his death, Dr. Moore was the recognized head of the medical profession in Brooke county. Ohio County.— In a paper by the late, Dr. E. A. Hildreth, from which much what follows concerning he earlier physicians of Wheeling is condensed, we are informed that " during the period from the fall of 1769, the time of the first occupancy of the site of. Wheeling by the Zane brothers, until they laid it out in 1793, there is no record or tradition of any physician having practiced here. The early settlers being in a wild, .uncultivated country, far removed from one another, upon a frontier exposed to daily attacks from their savage neighbors, surrounded by dangers and privations, created a community of interest and benevolence, exhibited by mutual nursing and attendance in sickness or injury; from experiences of this kind, tradition and history have handed down to this period, the names and practice of a number of men and women noted for their success." Gideon C. Forsythe.— So far as can now be learned, the first physician who permanently located in Wheeling was Gideon C. Forsythe, who came, in 1803, from Chester county, Penn. He was Wheeling,s only physician for about three years, when several young men entered his office as students. One of these, Dr. H. Potter, afterward became a partner. Dr. Forsythe continued in practice in Wheeling until after the close of the war of 1812, when he removed to Louisiana, abandoning the profession of medicine. He acquired a reputation for special skill in the treatment of malarial diseases, which he cured by the use of calomel and Peruvian bark, a practice not far removed from that of to-day. Dr. Forsythe, by his pursuit of anatomical studies at home — resurrecting and dissecting the body of a colored woman who formerly belonged to a neighbor, the mutilated remains being afterward found in a box near the river drew upon his head the indignant denunciation of the former owner of the " subject," one George Knox, who thus sends a communication to the Wheeling Repository, of December 31, 1807: " If the remains of deceased persons are to be disturbed and mangled in this way by the savages of the " doctor shop," it is fair to presume that cases of death will be heard of with satisfaction and desired by them; so that our graves will require a guard to prevent their bodies being taken up. This is published to the world to awaken public indignation against such inhuman and abominable proceedings." THE PAN-HANDLE - 571 H. Potter studied in the office of Dr. Forsythe, and after a temporary absence returned to Wheeling in 1808, and entered upon the practice of medicine. Thomas Toner, another student of Dr. Forsythe, after practicing for a very few years, abandoned medicine and became associated with a relative in editing and publishing the Northwestern Virginia Gazelle. James Ralff, who came from Pennsylvania to Wheeling, after completing his studies in the office of Dr. Forsythe, left Wheeling, having been appointed a surgeon of a Virginia regiment which was ordered to Richmond in 1814. Job Wilson was educated at Princeton, N. J., and studied medicine under Dr. Rush of Philadelphia. Began practice in 1812, which was continued until his death in [829. His place of residence was six miles above Wheeling. He had a great reputation as a surgeon, and was a bold and successful operator, being sent for far and near. Martin Luther Todd was born in New York state, April 29, 1782. After completing his literary studies, he commenced the pursuit of medical knowledge under his brother, Dr. John Todd, and finished his studies about 1808. After an unsatisfactory business venture with his brother in Waynesburg, Penn., Dr. M. L. Todd located in Wheeling in 1814, and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession. He soon acquired an excellent reputation for skill in the treatment of disease, and was honored by having conferred upon him by Col. Moses Shepherd the office of surgeon of the Fourteenth Regiment of state troops, then being raised in the Pan-handle counties of Virginia. His commission he retained until the close of the war. After peace was restored he resumed his medical practice, and, in a few years became one of the leading physicians of the town, Being quite popular, affable and sociable in his manners, secured to him a large and lucrative practice, which he enjoyed for many years. He married an accomplished and beautiful young lady, daughter of Mr. Andrew Woods, an early settler. One child, a daughter, was born of this union. She afterward became Mrs. Dr. Junkins, of Bellaire. After gaining a competency Dr. Todd retired from practice to a beautiful country residence in Ohio, above Bellaire. After the loss of his wife after fifty years of happy married life, he lived with his son-in-law until his death which occurred in March, 1866, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. Joshua Morton was born in Massachusetts, studied medicine and graduated at Harvard university. He opened an office in Wheeling in 1816, and continued in active practice until his death in the early part of 1839. He died suddenly of peri cardial effusion, being about fifty-six years old. Dr. Morton was a man of few words and sharp, austere manner, rather repulsive to those unacquainted with his better qualities of heart and mind. Notwithstanding this he had a large business and was highly esteemed. Soon after settling in Wheeling, he formed a parnership with Dr. William Scott, which at the end 0f one year was dissolved, Dr. Scott leaving the place. John Eoff was born in Jefferson county, Va., in 1788. Having practiced medicine in Charleston, Kanawha county, he moved to Wheel- 572 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ing about the year 1817. He had married Miss Helen L. Quarrier, of Richmond, Va., by whom he had four sons and six daughters. His oldest son, John O. Eoff, studied medicine and practiced several years.. Dr. Eoff and family being wealthy, he after nine or ten years retired from practice. He died January 28, 1859, in his seventy-first year. James W. Clemens was born in Washington county, Penn., May 26, 1795. His grandfather emigrated to Loudon county, Va., in 1764, and afterward to Washington county, Penn., then considered a part of Virginia. Dr. Clemens graduated at Washington college, Pennsylvania, in 1816, after which he removed to Wheeling, where he commenced the study of medicine, and at the same time taught school. He began practice in 1819. In 1822 he engaged in the drug business with J. W. Ray, and prospered until 1827, when he lost everything by fire. He graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania ih 1824. He was at different times associated in partnership with Drs. Townsend, Frissell, R. H. Cumming and others. Dr. Clemens was ambitious in his profession, a constant student of medical literature and always informed as to the latest improvements and discoveries in the line of his profession. He was an expert chemist, and is said to have introduced several new remedies. He was also quite a mechanic, and manufactured his own splints and other surgical apparatus. Dr. Clemens was a ready writer, fluent, and fine speaker, and delivered many public addresses, among which may be mentioned an address to the students of Franklin college, Ohio; another on laying the corner-stone of the court house in Wheeling, by request of the Masonic fraternity, of which he was a member; another on laying the cornerstone of old Masonic hall, on Market street; another of laying the corner stone of Odd Fellows, hall; another on the reception of President Harrison, in 1840; another at a dinner given Daniel Webster at the old Virginia Hotel; another on the reception by the citizens of Henry Clay, of Kentucky; another addressed to the citizens of Wheeling, on the effects of excessive, alcohol drinking on the coats of the stomach, gastric juices and the brain, illustrated by colored maps taken in dissection from actual victims and subjects; besides many other orations and discourses not here mentioned. He died of peritoneal inflammation on the 21st of November, 1846, in his fifty-second year. James Tanner was born of Irish parents in Baltimore, Md., in 1796. He studied medicine under Dr. Buckler, of that city, and graduated in the Baltimore Medical college about the year 1819,- settling in Wheeling about 1820. Soon after he married Miss Deborah Graham, by whom he had a son and daughter. The son died when about fourteen years old, and the daughter is now the accomplished wife of Hon. A. I. Boreman, of Parkersburg, West Virginia, who was the first governor of this state. Dr. Tanner was thoroughly read in medicine, and actively alive to its progress and improvement. He was regarded as a very successful practitioner; passionate, warm-hearted and devoted to his patients and friends; public-spirited; participating largely in the affairs of the THE PAN-HANDLE - 573 city government, being at the time of his death, December 26, 1858, mayor of the city, and then sixty-two years old. Dr. Tanner probably did more hard, laborious practice, rendering the citizens of this city more charitable eleemosynary,. and unrequited service in the thirty-eight years of his practice, than any other practitioner, and his death was deeply regretted by our citizens. Jonathan Zane was born in Wheeling, August 25, 1802. He studied medicine under Dr. Rhodes, of Zanesville, Ohio, and began to practice in Wheeling late in 1826. On account of impairment of health he emigrated to Louisiana, where he died in 1836. Archibald Todd was one of a family which contained five physicians. He was born April 10, 1798, and received his early education in New York state. He came west in 1820, and for several years resided with a brother, Dr. S. P. Todd, at West Newton, Penn. Here he began the study of medicine. He taught school one winter and came to Wheeling about 1824, continuing his medical studies with another brother, Dr. M. L. Todd, graduating from Transylvania university, Ky., in 1826. After this he practiced in connection with his brother until the latter's retirement, when he continued to practice alone until about 1868. Dr. Todd married Miss Mary A. E. Woods, February 19, 1828. She died October 24, 1829. He was married a second time, June 25, 1831, to Miss Mary E. Jarrett, by whom six children were born. But two of these, with the mother, survive. One is the wife of Dr. J. C. Hupp. Dr. Todd has been prominently identified with the medical organizations of the state. He was one of the organizers of the City Dispensary and Vaccine institution in 1845; of Ohio County Medical society, in 1847; of the State Medical society, in 1867, and of the Medical society of the city of Wheeling and county of Ohio, in 1868. Of the last named he was once the president. In 1872 he resigned his membership in the State Medical society. Previously he contributed to the society two papers on the Medical Botany of West Virginia, which were printed in the Society,s Transactions. As a botanist and mineralogist he had no superior in the state. For almost half a century Dr. Todd was identified with all that concerned the good name and prosperity of the city. He was for many years a member of the board of education. and of the board of examiners for teachers. Also a member of the city council. Successful in business, he became financially interested in the suspension bridge, the gas works, street railway, banking and other enterprises, and was called to assist in their management. He was to the end of life a charming companion, and always took pleasure in the visits of his friends. He was an active and sincere Christian man, and elder in the Second Presbyterian church. Dr. Todd,s continued interest in his profession is shown by a remark he made to the writer long after his retirement from practice, that he " hoped some day to provide a permanent meeting place for the City Medical society." This purpose was perhaps frustrated by the carping criticism of the doctor,s technical breach of the code of ethics, persistently heralded by one or two members of the society who had more than once given the same code a "compound, comminuted frac- 574 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ture." Dr. Todd died May 1, 1883, loved and sincerely mourned by many and respected by all, and his memory will long be cherished by all who were honored with his friendship. Thomas Townsend was born near Uniontown, Penn., about the year 1877. He was essentially a self-made man, his early opportunities for acquiring an education having been quite limited. We cannot learn that he ever attended medical lectures; nor did he commence the study of his profession until about thirty-five years of age. But he developed a fondness for natural science, applied himself closely in all his studies, being especially fond of botany, in which he became quite an expert. He gathered a complete herbarium of the botany of this region, and having been frequently seen climbing around our hills, and putting his specimens into his hat for preservation, there originated a report of his being of unsound mind; for, said they, we saw him " wandering over the hills, pulling up weeds and putting them into his hat." He subsequently studied the geology and mineralogy of our hills, and collected a very clever cabinet. This latter service, according to the ideas of his old enemies, corroborated their opinion of his insanity, for they saw him " picking up old stones and bringing them home." The literary and scientific culture of the town, as may be imagined, was not at that time of the highest order. While Dr. Townsend was very zealous in his studies, he had a child-like sim plicity of manner, and a candor with all whom he met, that made him engaging and attractive. He is said to have treated successfully a number of complicated and difficult cases of bone surgery. He was at one time president, and for a number of years treasurer, of the Ohio County Medical society. Dr. Townsend was a member of the Society of Friends, and in 1828, came from Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, to Wheeling, and began the practice of medicine. The latter years of his practice were not a pecuniary success; and during his last illness, except for the attention of his medical friends, by whom he was much beloved, he might have suffered want. He died of pheumonia on the 29th of March, 1851, being about sixty-four years of age. In 1873, his place of burial in Mt. Wood cemetery being unmarked, at the suggestion of Dr. J. C. Hupp, a subscription was taken among the physicians of the city, and a memorial stone was purchased and erected to his memory. In the period from 182o to 1828, Drs. Emery, John Thompson, Hunter, Downey and I. H. Irwin, practiced here for short periods. Their histories we are unable to learn. D. B. Dorsey located in Wheeling in 1834. He was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and also practiced medicine. He is said to have been the first physician in the city to use a stethoscope, the one employed by him being simply a cylinder of wood. He went to Steubenville, and of his later history nothing is known. S. P. Hullihen was born in Northumberland county, Penn., in 1810, and died in Wheeling March 27, 1857, of typhoid pneumonia. He was of Irish extraction, and his father a farmer. His early educational advantages were only such as were afforded by the district school.