THE PAN-HANDLE - 575 At an early age he manifested a love for medicine and surgery, and his vigorous pursuit of these studies was shown by his success in after life. He commenced the practice of dentistry at Canton, Ohio. In 1835 he married and removed to Wheeling. He never practiced general medicine; his great success and usefulness appeared in surgical operations, these being chiefly confined to operations about the face. Patients of all classes, confiding in his skill and frank character, came in great numbers from the surrounding country, so that the value of his services, as well as the influence of his reputation, were considered the common property of Wheeling. Dr. Hullihen was a man of genius, and gifted in overcoming difficulties by original conceptions. He possessed a discriminating mind, rapid eye and cunning hand, all acting in harmony to produce the best results in practice. These qualities, the marks of a great surgeon, soon impressed the community, and inspired with confidence all who came to him for relief. He had a roughness of manner at times that almost terrified those who failed to read him well and know his warm and generous heart. Dr. Hullihen successfully performed numerous surgical and dental operations of the most delicate character, but those were not such as are known to surgeons as capital operations. In addition to his surgical work, he published many valuable papers on surgical subjects, among them in 1839, "An Essay on Odontalgia "; in 1844, "A Treatise on Hare-lip, and its Treatment "; in 1845, " An Essay on Cleft-Palate, and its Treatment"; in 1846, an essay on "Abscess of the Jaws and its Treatment"; in 1849, " Report of a case of Elongation of the Under-jaw, with Distortion of the Face and Neck, caused by a Burn, successfully treated." He was the inventor of many new forms of instruments of great value to the dentist and surgeon. He had, by his success as a surgeon, his kindness to the poor, and his whole-souled generous nature, so endeared himself to the community that his death caused profound sorrow throughout the city. The medical profession, the city council, and the Wheeling Hospital association passed appropriate resolutions, and at a public meeting of citizens held at the court house the following were adopted: Resolved, That we have heard with profound sorrow of the death of Dr. Hullihen, and have assembled to express the universal respect of the community for his memory. His decease, in the prime of life, in the midst of an honorable and useful career, and in the full vigor of his rare intellect, has impressed us with a deep sense of the unusual calamity. Eminent in his profession, and exalted in his personal character, he achieved a noble fame, in which gratitude for his benefactions was mingled with admiration for his genius. To us he was endeared by long association, by nobility of nature, and by many generous and estimable qualities. By those who knew him best, he was most beloved. For his loss we feel the peculiar grief of friends added to the general sorrow for the decease of a distinguished citizen. Resolved, That we will erect a suitable monument for the deceased in testimony of our respect for his memory, and that a committee be appointed by the chairman to carry this resolution into effect. 576 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. This monument has long since been erected with the following inscription, it marks his resting place at Mt. Wood cemetery: " Erected by the citizens of Wheeling to the memory of one, who had so lived among them, that they mourned his death as a public calamity." J. H. Kieffer was born in western Pennsylvania. In his early manhood he was a Lutheran preacher, having read somewhat of medicine before emigrating to Wheeling. In 1836, he turned his attention to practice here, chiefly among his German friends. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Dr. Victor L. Auler, which, however, after a few months, was dissolved, Dr. Auler leaving the city. Dr. Kieffer died in 1848. He was highly esteemed among his country-men, being regarded as a positive, rough and ready practitioner. E. A. W. Wehrman was born in Hanover, Germany, and educated at the University of Gottingen; emigrated to Wheeling in 1838. He was a great favorite among the German population, devoting his chief attention to the practice of obstetrics. His health rapidly failing, he left the city and settled near Captina, Ohio, in the spring of 1845, hoping to recover his health, but about one year afterward he died of phthisis pulmonalis. Robert H. Cummins was born in Washington, Penn., in February, 1817. He pursued his academic studies at Washington college, but did not complete the full curriculum. He afterward, however, received the degree of A. M. from the college. His preceptor in medicine was Dr. F. J. Lemoyne, and he received the degree of M. D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1841, immediately locating in Wheeling for the practice of his profession, as a partner of Dr. J. W. Clemens. After Dr. Clemens’s death in 1846, he joined his brother James in partnership. Dr. Cummins,s early professional career was beset with trials that would have crushed a weaker man, but these only stimulated him to more determined effort, which placed him in the front rank of the profession. His heart was full of kindness, his keen intellect ever busy gathering new facts, and his energy in the practice of his chosen calling never flagged. He acquired unusual intelligence and skill, being especially well qualified as an obstetrician. His practice was very large, and he was greatly beloved by the many families and patients whom he attended. Many still delight to tell of his kindness in the sick room. This feeling of regard for him was shared by all classes of society, and many will recall the sad scene, on the day of his funeral, as great numbers of humble women stood with streaming eyes around the casket of their dead friend and physician. Dr. Cummins,s literary qualifications were of a high order. He contributed several valuable papers to the American Journal of the Medical Sciences. He was in 1870, president of the Medical Society of the City of Wheeling and County of Ohio, and at the time of his death was president elect of the Medical Society of the State of West Virginia. His presidential address he left in a finished state, and it was read to the society by Dr. Hildreth, and was one of the most forcible addresses ever delivered to the profession. Dr. Cummins married Miss Ann, daughter of the late Samuel Ott, Esq., in February, 1849. Five THE PAN-HANDLE - 577 children survive the parents. Dr. Cummins died of pleuro-pneumonia at his mother,s home, near Bellaire, Ohio, on April 12, 1873. When almost in extremis, but with intellect still unclouded, he exhibited the fullness of his unselfish nature, and his devotion to science, by directing that an autopsy be made of his body, and to insure its accomplishment, asked his family to interpose no objection. This done, he calmly and without fear awaited the end, and met it with a philosophy based upon his knowledge of immortality. Samuel W. McElhenny was born in Lewisburg, Greenbrier county, Va., December 25, 1815. He was the son of Rev. John McElhenny; graduated at Athens college, Ohio, in 1834; attended medical lectures at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and obtained his degree in 1838. He began practice at Covington, Allegheny county, Va., which being chiefly a country practice, the exposure and fatigue proved too great for his failing health. He removed to Canton, Miss., in 1842, hoping in that southern climate to recover his health, but being disappointed in this, he removed to Wheeling in the fall of 1843. Here he married the only daughter of the Hon. Z. Jacob. He continued his practice until his death, April 9, 1853, from phthisis pulmonalis, being in his thirty-eighth year. Dr. McElhenny was secretary of the Ohio County Medical Society at the time of his death. He was a man highly esteemed by all, a Christian gentleman of affable, engaging manners, and professional honor. His medical acquirements were fully up to his time; his feeble health, however, unfitted him for the exposure of active practice. E. A. Hildreth was born in Wheeling, September 13, 1821. His father was Ezekiel Hildreth, a graduate of Harvard, and a man of rare scholarly attainments. His mother was a daughter of Jonathan Zane, one of the founders of Wheeling. Dr. Hildreth was educated at Kenyon college, Ohio, studied medicine with Dr. Townsend in 1840, graduating at the Medical College of Ohio in 1844. Passing a successful competitive examination, he was after graduation appointed resident physician of the Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio, in Cincinnati, where he served one year. He soon after this opened an office in Wheeling, where he practiced medicine uninterruptedly until his death, on August 31, 1885. He was very successful, had fine business qualifications, and as a result made profitable investments and left his family in more than comfortable circumstances. Possessed of great energy, methodical habits and a well trained mind, he accomplished a great deal of work, made many valuable contributions to medical literature, besides fulfilling faithfully all the requirements of an exacting profession. Among his contributions may be named: "Ice in Obstetric Practice," in Western Lancet, 1850. (In this he advocated the insertion of ice into the uterus to check post partum hemorrhage.) " Climatology and Epidemic. Diseases in West Virginia," in Transactions of American Medical Association, 1868. Two reports on the " Topography, Meteorology, Climatology and Epidemics of Ohio County," in Transactions of State Medical Society. In same, the " Medical History and Biography of the Profession of 37—A. 578 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Wheeling." Dr. Hildreth was a member and in 1875 president of the Medical Society of Wheeling and Ohio counties; an original member and in 1877 president of the State Medical Society; a member of the American Medical Association since 1850; and an honorary member of the California State Medical association. He was one of the board of directors that organized the West Virginia hospital for the insane in 1864; a director of the penitentiary from 1868 to 1872; for thirty years a member of the board of education of Wheeling, and several times its president. From 1873 he was secretary of the United States board of examining surgeons for pensions. In 1851, Dr. Hildreth was married to Susan L. McMechen, who is left to mourn his loss with three sons and two daughters, all of whom, by their upright character, reflect honor upon the departed father. One of these sons is Dr. E. A. Hildreth, Jr., and a resident practitioner who gives promise of being a worthy successor of his father. Dr. Hildreth was in every. sense a gentleman. He was unresentful in disposition, quick to forgive and forget an injury, and seldom spoke unkindly of. others. This trait recalls what the Roman, Seneca,, said of his brother Gallio: " No one is so gentle to anyone as Gallio is to everyone." He was a consistent Christian, and an active member of the Episcopal church, seldom being absent from the Sabbath service, through all of his active life. May the living members of the profession which Dr. Hildreth honored, emulate his pure life and character, remembering that " the noblest workers of the world bequeath nothing so good and great as the image of themselves." E. W. Bingell was born in Germany in 1818, educated at Marburg, and emigrated to America in 1845. After spending one year in Pennsylvania, he located in Wheeling in 1846, and continuously practiced medicine until his death, August 6, 1883. He for many years enjoyed a very large practice exclusively among our German people, who reposed unbounded confidence in his skill. He was a member of state and city medical societies, but seldom attended their meetings. George A. Cracraft was born in Washington county, Penn., April 23, 1815. He graduated in medicine at the Philadelphia Medical col lege in 1848, commencing practice the same year in Triadelphia. In 1853 he was appointed postmaster of Wheeling by President Pierce, and held that office for nearly five years. He then resumed practice at Triadelphia. During the war for the Union, he was imprisoned for supposed disloyalty, afterward went south and entered the con--federate army, being surgeon of the Thirty-sixth battalion and of the Nineteenth regiment Virginia cavalry. After the war he again took up the. practice at Triadelphia. He was physician to the county infirmary for a number of years, and in. 1881 and '82 was a member of Ohio county board of health. He died April 17, 1888, leaving two sons in medical practice. William A. is still practicing medicine at Elm Grove. Franklin P. Cracraft, born in Wheeling, May 20, 1853, took the degree of M. D. in 1877 at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, and practiced medicine in Triadelphia until his death, October 20, 1889. He also rendered medical service at the county infirmary. THE PAN-HANDLE - 579 James Cummins was born in Washington, Penn., in 1827. He graduated at Washington college in 1845, commencing the study of medicine with his brother in 1846. One course of lectures he attended in Cincinnati, but graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1849. He at once joined his brother in partnership, this continuing until the latter's death in 1873. Early in 1877 he associated with himself Dr. R. H. Bullard, a former student. He was married in 1852 to Miss Kate, a daughter of the late John L. Hobbs, Esq. She survived the union but a short time. In 1861 he married Miss Annie, daughter of the late J. H. Williams, Esq. Two children, a son and daughter, still survive. The second wife died in 1873. This sad calamity, with the loss of his brother and partner in practice the same year, was a great shock to Dr. Cummins, and he ever after seemed lost to the pleasures of the world. He often called to the writer to " come in and talk to me," and seemed grateful for companionship and sympathy. Every physician in the city loved " Jim Cummins," as he was familiarly called, for all knew his goodness of heart, his freedom from deceit and from the jealousy so common in the world in which we move. He was, like his brother, an expert obstetrician, and no one hesitated to seek his aid, for all knew that no unfair advantage would be taken in a consultation. Dr. Cummins died of hepatic disease, August 18, 1877. He was a member of the American Medical association, of the medical society of the city of Wheeling and county of Ohio, and of the State Medical society. He was at one time also secretary of the board of health of the city. Richard Blum was born in the kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, March 31, 1829. He was educated at Stutgard, and came to America in 1847. He had been a surgeon in full rank in the Prussian army and.to any one who knows the severity of the examinations necessary to attain such position, no other proof of his medical skill is required. Along with many other young men of his time, Dr. Blum was in some way connected with the abortive revolution of 1848, and came to this country as a refugee. He landed at New Orleans. Some two years later, about 1850, he drifted to Wheeling. He was very highly esteemed among the profession for his liberal culture and skill in medicine. He was a good student and was regarded as among the very foremost in professional acquirements. In 1865 he drafted and aided in the passage of the city,s health ordinance, and was himself made the city,s first health officer. In this position he went vigorously to work to effect sanitary reforms, showing great intelligence and fearlessness in the discharge of his duty. The council failing to adequately sustain him in the measures he proposed, he resigned the office. In 1871 he read a paper on Sanitary Science before the State Medical society, with which he became connected at its first regular meeting. In 1878 he left the city for the interior of the state, but returned in 1883 and resumed practice. His health was impaired, however, and he never again did much practice. He died August 29th, 1884. Dr. Blum seemed to prefer the study to the practice of medicine, and therefore never burdened himself with the latter. He en- 580 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. joyed, however, the confidence of the community, and numbered among his patrons very many of the best German families of the city. Alfred Hughes was born in Wheeling, September 16, 1824. His ancestors were Irish Catholics, who settled in Virginia in 1732. His father served under Gen. Harrison in the war of 1812, and afterward filled many positions of trust in Wheeling, serving for thirty years as a member of the city council, and being succeeded by his oldest son. Dr. Hughes was the seventh child. '''After a collegiate course he studied medicine and graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical college of Philadelphia. After his marriage to Miss Adrian, he, in 1851, began the practice of homoeopathy in Wheeling. Two " new school" physicians had failed before him, but Dr. Hughes fought a successful battle, and won an excellent practice. It is claimed that he had unusual success in treating cholera during the epidemic of 1854. At the outbreak of the war his sympathies were enlisted in behalf of the south. He was arrested for disloyalty in 1861, and held as a prisoner at Camp Chase, Ohio, for eight months, when he was exchanged for a brother of Dr. Pancoast, of Philadelphia. He then went to Richmond and settled down in practice, in which he was successful. He was elected a member of the Virginia legislature, and so remained until the fall of Richmond. In December, 1865, he removed to Baltimore, where he soon established himself in a lucrative practice. Dr. Hughes was early in the war a correspondent of the Baltimore Exchange, and contributed occasional medical paper to the American Homoeopathic Observer. He died in Baltimore, February 25, 1880, highly respected and esteemed by a large circle of friends. Sample Ford was born at West Alexander, Penn., in 1827. He was educated at the Academy of his native town, once a school of excellent reputation. He attended one term of lectures at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, and began practice in Wheeling in 1852, but a year later removed to Pennsylvania, where he practiced until the commencement of the war, in 1861, when he entered the service as assistant surgeon. After service in the field for some time, he was transferred to hospital duty at Claryville, Md., where he continued until the war ended. In September, 1865, he resumed practice in Wheeling, and there continued most of the time as a partner with Dr. R. W. Hazlett, until unfitted for work by illness, which terminated fatally September 20, 1887. Dr. Ford's usefulness was much im- paired by very defective vision, but he was a careful and conscientious physician, kind and attentive to his patients, of whom he left many to mourn his loss. Joseph Thoburn was the son of Matthew and Jane Thoburn, and was born in 1825, in county Antrim, Ireland. In the fall of the same year his father emigrated to Canada, and settled the next year on a farm in Belmont county, near St. Clairsville, Ohio. Joseph,s advantages for an education were here very limited, being only such as might be acquired in the county log school-house of that neighborhood, but his desire for books and learning was early developed, and his industry THE PAN-HANDLE - 581 fitted him at an early age to embark in the business of teaching school, to acquire the means of prosecuting more advanced and expensive studies. After teaching for several years, he entered the office of Dr. Ephraim Gaston, of Morristown, Ohio, as a medical student, and subsequently attended medical lectures, at Starling Medical college, Columbus, Ohio. In 1849 he located at Brownsville, Penn., where he formed a partnership, which was dissolved by his appointment, in 1850, as an assistant to Dr. Aul, of the Ohio Lunatic asylum. Being displaced by political influence in 1853, he then moved to Wheeling, and continued his practice until May, 1861, when he was commissioned as surgeon of the First Virginia regiment, under Col. B. F. Kelley, in the three months, service. He accompanied his regiment, and was in the battle of Phillipi, attending Col. Kelley, who was wounded in that engagement. In August, 1861, under a reorganization of the First Virginia regiment, he was commissioned colonel, and led his regiment in the numerous battles fought in the valley of Virginia, until he was killed in the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19,1864, being in his fortieth year. Dr. Thoburn was greatly beloved by his brother officers and men, as a man full of kindness and benevolence, and of undoubted bravery and patriotism. As a physician, he possessed very clever attainments, with a high sense of professional honor. His body was brought to this city, and followed to Mt. Wood cemetery by a public procession, composed of our city officers, council, medical faculty, military escort, and a large concourse of citizens. Eliza Hughes, a sister of the late Dr. Alfred Hughes, was born in Wheeling, and received a thorough English and collegiate education. Her desire for the study of medicine was first awakened by the reading of the medical works in her brother’s library. Although always most eager and earnest in the perusal of such matters, it was long before she entertained the idea of entering upon a regular course of professional study; and even after having formed the resolution it was with no definite intention of practicing. When the thought was first suggested to her mind, she did not give it expression. Knowing the prejudice widely entertained against women adopting such an occupation in life, she shrank from the remarks the decision would give rise to; but her purpose once acknowledged, her determination did not falter, notwithstanding the pressure of opposition. Having resolved to adopt the medical profession, she commenced the study of medicine in 1855. Attended a course of lectures at the Homeopathic Medical college of Cleveland, Ohio, and later a second course at the Pennsylvania Medical college (Homoeopathic) at Philadelphia, where she graduated in 1860, after which she returned to Wheeling and established herself as a medical practitioner. She was the first female graduate of any medical school, and the pioneer of her sex in the practice of medicine in the state of Virginia. Although devoted to her profession, in which an extended practice gave many duties, she nevertheless contributed much literary matter to the press, being 582 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. known both as an authoress and poetess. She died in Wheeling, W. Va., in May, 1882, aged sixty-five years. R. F. Turner, born in 1836, in Fredericksburg, Va., was educated at Bethany college, W. Va., from which he graduated in 1856. He studied medicine at Homoeopathic college, Cleveland, Ohio, graduating in 1860. He began practice in Wheeling in 1861. There existed at this time, a great prejudice against homoeopathy, and being almost an entire stranger here, the prospect was not very bright, but in seven years' time, he had a practice equal to any in the city. He established homoeopathy more firmly in the confidence of the people of Wheeling than it had ever been before. Dr. Turner was thoroughly informed in the principles of medicine, and especially in chemistry was much superior to many of his fellow practitioners. He was quiet in manner, gentlemanly in his intercourse, and exceedingly kind to his patients, by whom he was much loved. He died April 8, 1881, leaving a widow, a daughter of Dr. W. J. Bates, and three children. Benjamin Valentine was born in the city of Metz, France, in 1808; educated at Mainz, Germany, and at the university of Leipsig. Emigrated to New York in 1833, remaining about one year. He then removed to Matagorda, Tex., where he practiced three years, after which he located at Newport, Ohio, practicing there thirty years. In 1864 he came to Wheeling, practicing until his death in 1869. Benjamin W. Allen was born in Preston county, Va., in 1824. After several years of preparatory study in the academy at Morgantown, he entered Washington college, Penn., from which he graduated in 1844. He then took a four years, course of study in the medical department of the university of Virginia, graduating in 1848. This was followed by a course of lectures at the Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia. In 1852 he married Miss McCoy, of Warrenton, Va., and the same year \vas appointed demonstrator of anatomy at the University of Virginia, which position he filled with ability until the opening of the civil war, when he entered the confederate army as a surgeon, and rendered valuable service. In 1862 he lost his wife, a lady of great culture. After the war he located in Wheeling, where, in 1872, he was united in marriage to Miss Jeffers, a sister of Judge George Jeffers. Here he practiced medicine with a fair degree of success, his ability as a surgeon being especially recognized. In 1882, he was called to fill the chair of anatomy, physiology and hygiene 'in the state university, at Morgantown. For this position he was peculiarly well fitted by habits of thought and early studies and experience. His knowledge was accurate and comprehensive, his experience ripe, his skill well-proved. He was an expert microscopist, and his knowledge of anatomy was doubtless superior to that of any physician in the state. He found in the study of medicine even more than in its practice, his highest enjoyment. Dr. Allen was a victim of chronic rheumatism, contracted in the army, and from this he was an almost constant sufferer. He was a member, and in 1883, president of the State Medical society; also, at one time, a member of the Wheeling and Ohio THE PAN-HANDLE - 583 County Medical society. To the Transactions of the former he contributed a paper on the " Microscope in Medical Practice," and another on " Ovariotomy," detailing a successful case in his own practice. Dr. Allen died in Morgantown in 1887. Henry J. Wiesel was born in Baltimore, Md., in April, 1840. His academical education was received at the Allegheny County academy, and later the school of the Redemptorists, Cumberland, Md. In early life he evinced a remarkable talent for music, and from 1856 until 1861, he was a teacher of music, most of the time in St Mary,s college, Cincinnati. He studied medicine with Drs. Healy and Smith of Cumberland, graduating at Bellevue Hospital Medical college, New York, in March, 1865. He was immediately appointed contract surgeon in the United States hospital at Clareysville, Md., where he remained until the war closed. He soon after located in Wheeling and continued in active practice until his death from rheumatic pericarditis, November 4, 1873. During Dr. Wiesel's residence in Wheeling, he established himself firmly in practice, and also in the hearts of his colleagues and friends. He was modest and unostentatious in demeanor, ever willing to yield to the judgment of more experienced men, upright in his professional intercourse, and gentle in manner to all with whom he came in contact. He was a member and once a vice president of the State Medical society, to the Transactions of which he made three contributions: " New Surgical Appliances," " A New Stethoscope," and " Report of Cases of Trichinosis." He was also a member and secretary of the Medical society of Wheeling and Ohio county, and for one year city health officer. While faithfully performing the duties of his profession, the love for music that was developed early in life, led him to devote much attention to this art. He was organist at St. James, Cathedral and director of a musical organization composed of the best musical talent of the city, afterward called the Wiesel Musical institute. Had he lived, it was his intention to abandon medical practice and open a music store in St. Louis, which would have afforded him opportunity for the further development of the musical talent which he possessed. Dr. Wiesel, although not many years among us, established here a reputation the recollection of which is delightful to dwell upon. David Baguley was born of English parents, in 1822, in Wheeling. His opportunities to secure a liberal education were poor, but we find him at the age of sixteen a country school teacher. He later studied medicine with Drs. Yates and McCoy, and afterward with Dr. Cracraft at Triadelphia. In 1851 he graduated at the Philadelphia College of Medicine, and located in New Cumberland, but after three years removed to Wellsville, Ohio, where he did a large practice. Early in the war, he entered the Union army as surgeon of the First West Virginia infantry, and remained in the service for four years, being in turn promoted to brigade surgeon, sugeon-in-chief of the first division of the army of West Virginia, and medical director of the Ninth army corps. Dr. Baguley established in the army a repution as a daring and skillful operator, and was a great favorite with the 584 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. soldiers. The writer, as examiner of pensions, still often hears th e old soldiers speak in warmest terms of praise of their former surgeon. Failing health compelled Dr. Baguley's resignation, and he returned to Wellsville and rested for two years. In 1868 he located in Wheeling at the solicitation of his soldier friends, and soon built up a large practice, which continued until stricken down by diabetus millitus, which terminated his life in 1877. Dr. Baguley early in his professional career formed the habit of recording his important cases. This practice, notwithstanding his lack of early culture, made him a careful, painstaking and observing practitioner. He was highly esteemed by his patrons, and many still love to speak his praises. He was a member of both the state and local societies, and contributed several papers to the former,s Transactions. D. J. McGinnis came from Fairmont to Wheeling and entered upon the practice of medicine in 1868: He was also a minister of the. Methodist Episcopal church, and occasionally filled the pulpits of the city churches on Sabbath. He was a warm hearted gentleman, with a fair knowledge. of medicine, and gave promise of doing a good prac tice, but his health early gave way, and he died of consumption December 22, 1870. Joseph S. Elder, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1843, came to Wheeling as a drug clerk, and while so employed, studied medicine, graduating from Miami Medical college at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1871. He practiced here two years, when impaired health necessitated a change of climate. He went to Mason, Tex., and there died in January, 1875. M. F. Hullihen, son of Dr. S. P. Hullihen, was born in Wheeling, December 28, 1835. He attended the old Lancasterian academy in this city, and in 1855, completed the curriculum in Georgetown (D. C.) college. He then studied dentistry, and in 1859, went to Europe, where he spent eighteen months, chiefly in Munich. On his return, he continued to practice dentistry, at odd times, giving some attention to the study of medicine. In 1870, he received the degree of M. D., from Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, and joined the Medical society of. Wheeling, and the State society. Of the latter, he was for several years secretary. For a short time he was assistant physician in the State Asylum for the Insane. Dr. Hullihen will be longer remembered for his social qualities than as a physician. Although gifted with a fine mind, his studies were more in the line of general literature than in that pertaining to his profession. His genial and sociable nature, and his powers as a conversationalist, made him a charming companion, and gathered around him a circle of warm friends, who sincerely mourned his very sudden death, that occurred May 11, 1884. J. B. Reed was born in Washington county, Penn., December 14, 1846: His boyhood was spent upon a farm and in Burnsville, Penn. In March, 1865, he enlisted in the Sixteenth Pennsylvania cavalry, reaching the front about ten days before the surrender of Petersburg. He spent the summer doing provost duty in Virginia, and was discharged THE PAN-HANDLE - 585 with his regiment August 11th. After this he attended college at Waynesburg and Washington, leaving the latter before graduating. Beginning the study of medicine in 1868 with Dr. Wilson, of Washington, he spent one winter at Michigan university, graduating in 1872 at Western Reserve Medical college, Cleveland, Ohio. For one year he practiced in Cameron, W. Va., six years in West Alexander, Penn., coming to Wheeling in 1880 as a partner of Dr. J. H. Pipes. Here he was very soon successful, for he was of a genial, friendly disposition, quick to respond to the cause of the sick, day or night, and attentive to all his patients, however humble. The extent of his practice may be estimated, when it is known that in a single year he attended 125 obstetrical cases. It was Dr. Reed’s self-sacrificing devotion to duty that was the indirect cause of his death. In July, 1887, he was for the second time since coming to Wheeling stricken down with typhoid fever, and after a very lingering illness died October 17th with symptoms of pyaemia. He left behind him his wife, a daughter of the late Dr. John Stone, of Greensborough, Penn., and five children. Dr. Reed was a Modest, consistent, Christian gentleman and a member of the Second Presbyterian church. He was a member of the State and City Medical societies, and of the board of education of the city. It can be truly said of Dr. Reed that he left no enemy behind him. Marshall County .--Zadoc Masters, physician and surgeon, practiced at Elizabethtown, now Moundsville, W. Va., from about 1805 to about 1845. During this time he was once elected sheriff of Ohio county, which then included the county of Marshall, after which time he removed to Paducah, Ky. He enjoyed the confidence and esteem of the community in which he lived. He experienced great hardships in his efforts to reach his patients, frequently riding forty to fifty miles on horseback, over hill and dale, by bridle paths, through woods, frequently swimming his horse across swollen streams, braving winter,s blasts, and old Sol,s scorching rays in his efforts to render aid to suffering humanity. His charges were moderate, and being a bad collector, he remained as he began, poor. His method of treating diseases was antiphlogistic — calomel was his sheer anchor. His lancet was kept sharp, and used for almost all ills and injuries. Thomas McCormic was of Irish birth; studied medicine and surgery with Dr. Williams, of Clarksburg, Harrison county (then Virginia). Practiced at Elizabethtown, now Moundsville, W. V a., from about 1820 to 1837. He was an accomplished physician, exceedingly popular, enjoyed a large practice and was very successful, sharing like Dr. Masters the hardships and difficulties attending the practice of medicine in that day. He loved his profession, was energetic, but finally succumbed to the opium and alcohol habit. He died about the year 1837, leaving very little property. George Stidger practiced in Marshall county during the years 1830 to 1850. His practice was extensive. He once swam his horse, he on its back, across the Ohio river opposite Moundsville, in order to attend an urgent case. He lived to a good old age, and died in Iowa, whither he had removed 586 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. some years before. He, like his predecessors, accumulated no wealth. Daniel Peck came to Moundsville at a period whose date is unknown. He was a most excellent and accomplished physician, very popular, and endeared himself to his patrons by many acts of kindness. Old gray headed men still visit his grave, and reverentially strew it with flowers. He died about 1848. George Gaus, physician and surgeon, practiced at Moundsville from 1836 to 1863. At the outbreak of the rebellion he became a surgeon in the United States army, dying in the service. He was surgeon of a division at the time of his death. J. W. Ney was born near Columbiana, Columbiana Co., Ohio, October 8, 1817, and was educated in Salem, Ohio. Commenced reading medicine in Minerva, in 1835, where he remained one year and then removed to East Fairfield, same state, and completed his study with Sylvanus Fisher, after which time he attended Willoughby Institute one term. He subsequently practiced with his preceptor for four years. He emigrated to Moundsville in September, 1844. In 1840 he married Miss S. K. Wallahan, who died in 1843. Miss Mary J. Purdy became his second wife in 1846. She survived but two years, and in 1849 Dr. Ney married Mary J. McLean. He joined the State Medical society in 1867, the year of its organization. He was fairly suc cessful as a physician, but accumulated little means. He died in 1888. S. B. Stidger was born December 1, 1830, in Springfield, Jefferson county, Ohio. He was educated in the common schools of that day. Read medicine in his father,s office at Moundsville. In 1851 he located for practice at Jacob Burley,s, near the present site of Cameron, where he remained one year. After the closing of the track of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, in 1852, he removed to, and built the second house in, Cameron. On the 12th of September, 1864 he was married. In 1856 he migrated with his family to Iowa, where he practiced in partnership with his father for one year. In 1858, owing to the sickness of his wife, he concluded to return to Cameron, where he continued to have a large practice until the breaking out of the rebellion. At the commencement of the war he raised a company and was mustered into the service of the United States army in 1861. Was elected captain, but declined on account of inexperience in favor of Capt. James Donly, who had served in the Mexican war, and accepted the position of first lieutenant, serving three months, the time for which he enlisted. Most of this time he served in the medical department with detached forces. At the expiration of three months the regiment was re-organized, and Dr. Thoburn was promoted to colonel, and wrote to our subject requesting him to go out with him as surgeon of his regiment. He then went before the board for examination and passed, and received the position of assistant surgeon, serving until July, 1862, when he resigned on account of having been appointed administrator of his father’s estate. He had charge of the post hospital at Cumberland, Md. He returned from the field to the regular routine of hospital duty. Since the war he has had a large practice in Cameron. In 1876-7 he attended his last course of lectures at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia. In 1868 he was elected to THE PAN-HANDLE - 587 represent his county in the legislature. In 1867 Dr. Stidger joined the State Medical society, to whose Transactions he made several contributions. He was an active man in the Methodist Episcopal church, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of a large circle of friends. He died in 1883. Thomas F. Marshman was a physician of excellent character who practiced at Dallas for many years. He joined the State Medical society at its first regular meeting, which was held in Wheeling, October 2, 1867. J. M. Curtis was born in West Liberty, November 16, 1844. He was educated in the common schools and in West Liberty academy. In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in the Twelfth West Virginia infantry. He was appointed third sergeant of Company D. In November, 1864, he was made second lieutenant of Company I, Twelfth regiment. In January, 1865, he was detached and assigned to duty as aide-de-camp, Second brigade, second division, Twenty-fourth army corps, which position he filled with distinction, and was awarded a medal by congress for meritorious conduct in the attack on Fort Gregg in front of Petersburg, Va. He left the service in June, 1865. Soon after this he began the study of medicine with Dr. Cooper, now of Wellsburg. He applied himself with great energy, and graduated at Miami Medical college of Cincinnati, in March, 1867, and was the class valedictorian. Soon after graduating he began practicing at Besler,s Station, Marshall county, and there practiced very successfully until the fall of 1874, when he located at Moundsville. On June 17, 1875, after returning from the commencement exercises of Bethany college to his father’s house at West Liberty, he very suddenly died from supposed heart disease. Dr. Curtis was a man of unusual natural ability, and but for his untimely taking off, he would, with application, have been eminently successful in the new field to which he had so recently gone. Epidemics.* The first epidemic of which we get any definite information was that of a disease called the " cold plague," which scourged the western settlements in 1820-21. The cases were marked by a sudden chill and great pulmonary congestion. Deaths were numerous. At that period swamps and ponds were numerous in and near Wheeling, and were a source of malarial fevers, diarrhoea and dysentery. During 1832-33 the first epidemic of Asiatic cholera visited Wheeling and neighborhood. The town was in extremely bad sanitary condition, and the advice of physicians being unheeded by the authorities, a great many cases occurred, with a mortality estimated at 50 to 60 per cent. The disease prevailed from May until late in July. In the spring of 1834 there occurred an outbreak of puerperal fever, which was extensive and very fatal. In connection with this, many cases of erysipelas were also seen. Profuse bleeding, calomel and tartar emetic were the remedies most frequently used, * For the facts here given concerning the earlier epidemics we are indebted largely to published papers of Drs. Hildreth and Frissell. 588 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and we may well pause to inquire whether more harm than good was not done by this treatment. In the winter of 1836 and 1837 occurred a very malignant epidemic of scarlet fever. Death often occurred in the forming stage of the disease. An individual would often be attacked in the evening with nausea and great prostration, and become comatose and die before morning, without any external development of the disease. The following winter (1837-8) scarlatina again prevailed with ever increased malignancy. Whole families were often stricken down with it, even in the country, on the hill-tops where the best sanitary conditions seemed to exist. In 1843 the " Tyler Grippe," or influenza, made its appearance. It was said to have come from Europe. The cases were ushered in by pain in the back and limbs, great muscular lassitude, chilliness, running from eyes and nose, hoarseness, cough and fever. They generally lasted only a few days, but often the system seemed to be rendered very susceptible to disease. During the following autumn many cases of typhoid fever appeared, and the type of disease seemed about this time to change from the sthenic to the asthenic or typhoid.. Blood-letting, purging, and other depressing measures were hence largely abandoned, and a more supporting treatment introduced, which has continued to the present time. Scarlet fever again prevailed very extensively, and in a very fatal form in 1848 and 1849. If the patient survived the first stage, the eruption was profuse, the throat and adjacent parts greatly swollen and very painful, rendering deglutition almost impossible. This was often followed by sloughing off of portions of the tonsils and soft palate, usually terminating in death. In 1847-9 there prevailed about Wheeling, as well as in many parts of the country, a disease called black tongue, erysipelas, etc. Puerperal fever of a malignant type prevailed at the same time, producing many deaths. No causes could be assigned for these outbreaks. A second epidemic of cholera set in May 19,1849, and continued until September. The cases were not nearly as numerous as in the epidemic of 1832, but many cases occurred during the two or three summers following, perhaps to 1854. Many deaths from this disease occurred among the men working on the B. & 0. railroad, then in course of construction. " The narrows," about five miles below Wheeling on the river, seemed to be a choice locality for the disease, and about here many railroad laborers died. In the fall of 1857 diphtheria made its appearance in Wheeling as an endemic. The older physicians claimed to have seen the same disease in sporadic form under the name of putrid sore throat. Now, however, the cases were numerous and severe; sometimes affecting whole families, and being attended with frightful mortality. Since this endemic, diphtheria has frequently visited the city, and sometimes the surrounding country. In the autumn of 1879 it prevailed to such an extent in the eastern part of the city, that a number of prominent physicians petitioned the city council for the enforcement of rigid sanitary measures against its further spread. In 1863 a few' cases of cerebro-spinal THE PAN-HANDLE - 589 meningitis, or spotted fever, occurred in the city. Some of the patients died very suddenly, after but a few hours, illness; others were sick for several days before a fatal result occurred, while a number recovered, but very slowly. Cases of this disease were seen also during 1864-5. During these years there were also very many cases of typhoid fever, pneumonia and erysipelas. In the summer of 1873 cholera made its appearance in the city. Dr. Jepson, at that time city health officer, believed that the disease was imported from Cincinnati, Ohio. During the summer thirty-five cases were officially reported to the health officer by the attending. physicians. Of these, twenty-two proved fatal, a mortality of sixty-three per cent. It is probable that a few unreported cases occurred, with favorable results, thus reducing the mortality. The reported cases were carefully looked after by the health officer, and all possible sanitary precautions were taken to limit the disease. (Full particulars of this outbreak can be found in Vol. I, Transactions of American Public Health Association, in which is printed Dr. Jepson’s report.) During the early part of 1873, puerperal fever cases were more numerous than at any time since 1849, and they were attended with great fatality. The disease generally set in within forty-eight hours after delivery, the initial symptoms being either a distinct chill or chilly sensation. These were followed by fever, varying from 102 to 105 degrees. The pulse was quick and never strong, abdomen always distended, tenderness in pelvic region, and a tendency to delirium which was sometimes well marked. The tongue early became dry, sordes appearing on the teeth, and the pulse early gave way, this typical condition speedily terminating in death. For several years there continued in the city a tendency toward puerperal diseases. In the fall of 1873 typhoid fever prevailed in Wheeling to an extent never before known. It was estimated that four or five hundred cases occurred during the last four months of the year in Wheeling alone. As a rule the cases were of a mild type and very many of them were among children. In the winter of 1874-5 scarlet fever cases were very numerous, especially in the southern end of the city. It was estimated that in the Eighth ward, with a population of about 4,000, not less than 250 cases occurred from October to April, inclusive. Most of the cases were severe, many being of the anginose variety, and others were complicated with diphtheria. In the malignant cases the eruption was of a dark, purplish hue, and it was slow to recede, remaining long after its usual period. An indescribable, peculiarly fetid odor was said to exist, by which, alone, cases were sometimes diagnosed before the patient was seen. Inflammation of the cervical glands, as a sequel was quite common, and in an unusual number of cases this was followed by suppuration and sloughing of tissue. About the beginning of 1890 influenza, under the name of the Russian grippe, made its appearance in this section of the country on its westward journey from Russia, where it seems to have had its origin. It prevailed to an unheard of extent, scarcely a family escaping. The 590 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. symptoms varied in different cases, sometimes the nervous system, sometimes pulmonary, and again the gastro-intestinal tract being chiefly affected. Hence some patients suffered violent pains in the head and other parts of the body, others were attacked with vomiting and purging, and still others with more or less grave pulmonary symptoms. Nearly all experienced the ordinary catarrh of nose and bronchial tubes. All cases were attended with prostration, and while as a rule the acute symptoms continued but a few days, not unfrequently pneumonia, bronchitis, or a continued fever of longer duration developed, while the prostration, especially with the aged and feeble, was great and protracted. The mortality in Wheeling during the first months of 1890, was unprecedented. Pneumonia, dysentery, measles and typhoid fever all prevailed. During February, March and April, the number of typhoid cases was very large, but the type was not severe. The deaths during the first four months were, from pneumonia, 57; typhoid fever, 64. Total from all causes, in January,. 77; February, 96; March, 104; April, 86. For the four months, total equal 363, which is over 31 per I,000 of population. Medical and Charitable Organizations.— The first medical society organized in the Pan-handle, was in Wheeling in 1835. But little can be learned of its history. At a meeting held October 17, 1835, in the Lancasterian academy, a fee bill was established, which is signed by the following physicians, all of whom are believed to be now dead: Drs. J. Morton, John Eoff, J. Q. Eoff, Thomas Townsend, M. H: Houston, George Buchanan, Thomas Brues, James Tanner and D. B. Dorsey. Some items from this fee bill may not be uninteresting. " For first visit, one to two dollars; every subsequent, one-half to one dollar. Obstetrical cases (common), five to eight dollars, charging half-dollar for each visit after the third day. For bleeding or tooth-drawing, fifty cents. Small powders, twelve and a half cents. Anodyne powders, twenty-five cents." A separate charge was always made for medicine. The above charges seem fairly good, when we consider the times in which they were made, and the primitive mode of living, as compared with the present. But it is quite probable that in most cases physicians were compelled to " cut rates," since we are told by Dr. Hildreth, from whose writings we obtain many of our facts, that it is " within his boyhood recollections when visits were made for twelve and one-half cents." The Ohio County Medical Society.— Dr. M. H. Houston, having recently attended a meeting of the American Medical association, invited, the regular profession to his. residence on July 5, 1847. In an address delivered to those assembled, he said: " I have invited your attendance here this evening, in order to confer with you on the propriety of forming a society auxiliary to the State Medical society of Virginia. Such an association, organized upon the same basis, and to be controlled by the same general principles which govern the present society, will doubtless conduce to our own benefit, whilst, at the same time, it will show our willingness to add our influence, however small, to the great system of medical reform now in progress THE PAN-HANDLE - 591 throughout the country." The address closes as follows: " It is for you, gentlemen, to say whether you will continue in your present state of disorganization, or whether, enrolling yourselves under the broad banner of the State Medical society, you will put your shoulder to the wheel and exert your united strength in urging forward the great car of state, if not of national medical reform." This eloquent appeal seems to have been effective, for at a subsequent meeting, held August 12, the " Ohio County Medical Society " was organized, with the following officers: President, Dr. M. H. Houston; vice president, Dr. James Tanner; corresponding secretary, Dr. W. J. Bates; recording secretary, Dr. E. A. Hildreth; treasurer, Dr. Thomas Townsend. The following additional members signed the constitution: Drs. John Frissel, S. P. Hullihen, A. S. Todd, D. S. Forney, T. Yates, James McCoy, Edward Ringell, S. W. McElhenny, James R. Brotherton, John English. But two of all those who participated in the organization of either of the above societies are now living, viz.: Drs. John Frissell, now eighty years of age, who, though in retirement, is still occasionaliy solicited to see a patient; and Dr. W. J. Bates, who is in vigorous mental and physical health, and still actively engaged in practice. Medical Society of the City of Wheeling and County of Ohio.— This society was organized October 17, 1868, being composed of nearly all of the regular physicians of the city. It met twice each month and was conducted very successfully and profitably until the members began to be indifferent and ceased their regular attendance. Since. December, 1886, it has not been possible to assemble a quorum, and the society may be considered as non est. So far as we can learn, the above are the only medical societies that have had an existence in the Pan-handle. The City Dispensary.— In November, 1845, Drs. Todd, Bates, Frissell and Hildreth organized a city dispensary, and influenced the city council to make an appropriation for its support. The object of the institution was to render professional services to the worthy poor of the city. One of the physicians was on duty at certain hours each day to prescribe and dispense medicines as needed, and to vaccinate all proper applicants for this service. This was the first voluntary medical charity ever established in the city. It continued in existence about four years, when it was killed by professional jealousy. It was located near the northwest corner of Chaplain and Twelfth streets. Private Infirmary.— In November, 1845, Dr. John Frissell sent a case of typhoid fever to the house of Mrs. Barnes, located near the present Linsly institute building. This lady gave the patient such excellent attention that Dr. Frissell and Dr. Hullihen continued to send her patients, and her residence became a regular infirmary. For larger accommodations she removed to a house near the Market street bridge, and afterward to one on Sixteenth street, owned by the late Lewis Steenrod. Mrs. Barnes continued to manage this institution, and it was very successful for a number of years, the patients finally being transferred to 592 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Tho Wheeling- Hospital.—Seeing the success of the above institution, and there being still a demand for larger accommodation, the late Bishop Whelan of the Catholic church, took out a charter for the Wheeling hospital, March 12, 1850, and some time after this institution was opened in a house near the end of Fifteenth street, now owned by Mr. Joseph A. Metcalf. Drs. John Frissell and S. P. Hullihen were appointed surgeons to the hospital, and Dr. M. H. Houston, physician. It is believed that the latter never served in this, capacity. The hospital was later removed to its present site near the north end of Main street. After the death of Dr. Hullihen, Dr. John Frissell was the sole physician and surgeon to the hospital, a relation he still sustains. Patients are at liberty, however, to make choices of any physician in the city, and very many of those treated in the hospital are the private patients of different physicians. Marine patients are also maintained here by the United States government. The successor of Dr. Hullihen was Dr. S. L. Jepson, who received from the secretary of the treasury, the appointment of acting assistant surgeon in the Marine hospital service. This he resigned in February, 1890, Dr. C. F. Ulrich being his successor. The Wheeling hospital is owned and controlled by the Catholic church. Piedmont Hospital.— Under this name the city conducted a hospital for small-pox patients for a number of years from about 1870. The building was a small one story frame, located on the west side of the creek, north of the B. & 0. Railroad tunnel. So many years have elapsed since a case of small-pox existed in the city, that this building has become dilapidated, and will perhaps never again be used. The City Hospital.—For several years past there has been considerable discussion in private circles touching the city's need of a nonsectarian hospital, in which the sick poor might be treated without charge. Stimulated by the Women,s Union Benevolent Society, and by " The Hospital Ten "—an association of ladies in the St. Matthews, P. E. church—this discussion culminated in a charter being taken out January 2, 1890, in the name of the following gentlemen: Rev. R. R. Swope, H. M. Russell, W. F. Stifel. Morris Horkheimer and W. A. Wilson. The above gentlemen, with the following, were elected as a board of trustees of the City hospital, at a meeting of the stockholders held at the Y. M. C. A. building, March II, 1890, viz.: Alfred Paull, L. E. Sands, H. F. Behrens and N. B. Scott. The board organized by the election of these officers: President, Rev. R. R. Swope; vice-president, W. F. Stifel; treasurer, Alfred Paull; secretary, Lawrence Sands. The new hospital will be opened for the reception of patients as soon as a suitable building can be secured. The West Virginia Medical Student.— The above is the name of the only medical journal ever essayed in the state. It was an octavo of forty pages, edited and printed by Dr. J. E. Reeves, late of Wheeling. It was issued monthly from November, 1875, to October, 1876, inclusive, and was beautifully printed on tinted paper, and its different numbers contained articles of value by physicians of several states. It died, presumably, from inanition, the consequence of premature birth. THE PAN-HANDLE - 593 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BROOKE COUNTY. S. W. Atkinson, a very prominent farmer and resident of Buffalo township, Brooke Co., W. Va., was born April 28, 1839, in the same house in which he now lives, situated about three miles south of Bethany on Castleman,s run. He is the son of John and Margaret (Trimble) Atkinson. The father was born in Ohio county, W. Va., January 3, 1800, and died May 12, 1882. Mrs. Atkinson was born December 12, 1801, in Cumberland county, Penn., coming to West Virginia with her mother when about twelve years of age, she settled in Ohio county, and is still living there. John Atkinson started in life with but a meager education, only having been able to obtain a two weeks, schooling. He took possession of the farm on which his son S. W., now lives, about sixty-five years ago, coming from Ohio county. The country was nothing but a wilderness in that day, but by his thrift and enterprise he left one of the finest farming properties in the township. He was an early abolitionist, and was probably the first subscriber to the New York Tribune, in Bethany. He died in his eighty-third year, his mind was vigorous and active to the last. A fine specimen of an American pioneer. Nine of the thirteen children born to him are still living, named: Elizabeth, Mary A. (Hupp), James, David T., Theressa, William, Ewing T., S. W., and John S. S. W. Atkinson was educated at the academy of West Liberty, Ohio. He and his brother, Ewing, enlisted August 27, 1861, in Company K, First West Virginia cavalry. They were discharged July 20, 1865, having served with bravery and faithfulness for four years. He fought in the battles of Gettysburg, Winchester; was in the Richmond campaign; from Richmond went to Appomatox Court House; was in the Shenandoah valley under Sheridan, and several minor engagements. After the war he returned home and took up his farm work where he had left it four years before to give his life and services to his country. Clarinda L. Snedeker became his wife November 4, 1868. She is the daughter of William and Mary (Waddle) Snedeker, and was born August 10, 1844, near Nashville, Holmes Co., Ohio. Four children have been born to this union: Minneola, Elizabeth, Charles S. and Mary W. The family are earnest members of the United Presbyterian church. Mr. Atkinson, like his father, is a republican, and was an energetic abolitionist. He is now prominently identified with his party, being a member of the republican party, and is considered as one of the solid and progressive agriculturists of the county. One of the well-known residents of Buffalo township, Brooke county, W. Va., is John S. Atkinson, who was born September 13, 1844, on the farm which he now operates. He is one of thirteen children born to John and Margaret (Trimble) Atkinson, as given above. John S., the subject of this biography, was educated in the common schools 38— A. 594 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and high school of West Liberty. After leaving school Mr. Atkinson returned to the paternal farm, and has since been engaged in tilling the soil. His marriage to Fanny A. Pogue was solemnized September 20, 1876. Mrs. Atkinson is the daughter of John G. and Elizabeth (Burt) Pogue, both natives of Pennsylvania. Maggie T., born August 23, 1877; Libbie B., born January 15, 1884; and Anna May, born May 27, 1889, are the children that have been born to the union of Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson. Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson are consistent communicants of the United Presbyterian church, and among the most highly respected people of the township. Mr. Atkinson embraces the principles promulgated by the republican party. David W. Baird, president of the Riverside Glass Works of Wellsburg, was born in Hardy county, Va., now West Virginia, August 27, 1853, the son of David C. and Mary A. (Beach) Baird, natives of Loudon county, Va. The father was a miller by occupation, but for the past twenty years has not been engaged in active business. In politics he was active as a Whig, and afterward as a republican, voting against the ordinance of secession. He and wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is now eighty-four and she seventy-four years. Fifteen children were born to them, of whom four are now living, the others having mostly died before reaching their sixth year. David W. Baird, the youngest of the family living, was educated in the public schools of Zanesville, Ohio, and at the Commercial college of Wheeling, where he was graduated in 1873. At the age of twenty-one years he became book-keeper and entry clerk with Bloch Brothers, of Wheeling, and after three years, service in that capacity was engaged as book-keeper for the Wheeling Hinge company five years. In 1880 he took the same position with the La Belle Glass company, of Bridgeport, and in the latter part of 1884 he entered the employment of the Belmont Glass works, of Bellaire, Ohio, being engaged as book-keeper one year and as western salesman two years. Mr. Baird became associated with the Riverside Glass works in August, 1887, and in January, 1888, was elected president, a position he has since held, to the satisfaction of all concerned. With a thorough knowledge of the business, he has steadily advanced the interests of the works, and increased its prosperity. He is a gentleman of brilliant parts, liberal culture, and as a neighbor and citizen has the high esteem of the community. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, to which Mrs. Baird also belongs, and has been superintendent of the Sunday-school since 1889. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and in politics he is a republican. Mr. Baird was married April 28, 1879, to Mary A. Robinson, daughter of William and Matilda Robinson, of Wheeling. She is a lady of culture and refinement, and has been a teacher for several years in the graded schools of Wheeling, always holding a certificate of the first grade. Mr. and Mrs. Baird have had three children: Blanche M., David B. and Ella., the latter of whom died June 29, 1886, aged thirteen months. William F. Barth, an enterprising young business man of Wellsburg, was born at that place August 26, 1861, the son of Hugh and Frances THE PAN-HANDLE - 595 (Letzkus) Barth. His father, a native of Wurtemburg, Germany, came to America when sixteen years old, and at Pittsburgh, learned cabinet-making, working for $25 and board the first year, $30 and board the second year, and $50 the third year, which sum he lost by the failure of his employer in 1857. He engaged in business at Wellsburg in 1858, and continued in the furniture trade until the spring of 1866, when he opened a general store, which he conducted until his death, August 3, 1888, at the age of fifty-one years. His sight began to fail him in 1873, and during the last two years of his life he was entirely blind from cataract. He was a man of good education, a worthy and intelligent citizen, and a devoted member of the Catholic church. His widow is still living in Wellsburg, and holds an interest in the business. These parents had nine children, five of whom are living, William F. being the oldest. The subject of this sketch began clerking in his father,s store at the age of sixteen years, has since continued in the business, and is now classed among the responsible, energetic and progressive men of the town. He takes an active part in public affairs, and has served the town as city clerk and held a seat in the council. Mr. Barth was married in 1884 to Mary Holt, of Steubenville, daughter of James Holt, of Steubenville, a native of England. Her father is a man well and favorably known in business and social circles at his home. One of the most prominent citizens of Bethany, also a trustee of Bethany college, and one of the foremost sheep-breeders of the United States, was Col. C. H. Beall. His birth occurred October 31, 1828, near Independence, Washington Co., Penn., the son of Bazel and Louisiana Beall. He was graduated from Bethany college, and after completing his collegiate course turned his attention to the sheep industry. His father was one of the largest wool-growers of Pennsylvania, and the son naturally followed in his footsteps. At the National Wool Growers, association’s convention, which met in Washington, D. C., in December, 1889, he was chosen treasurer of that organization. At one time he had the distinguished honor of filling the office of president of the United States Merino Sheep Breeders, association, and at its meeting in Steubenville, Ohio, in January, 1890, he was elected first vice-president of the same. Col. Beall’s first noted purchase of blooded sheep was made in Vermont in 1852, of Edwin Hammond. These sheep were imported to the United States from Spain by Col. Humphrey, who was minister to Spain from this government, and this importation was effected only through the assistance of the king of Spain. They are the original Merino sheep of America. At the centennial of 1876, his display of wool took the gold medal, and also took the first prize at the New Orleans exposition. Col. Beall accumulated great wealth in his business, leaving between 2,000 and 3,000 fine sheep, besides some 2, S00 acres of highly improved farming land in this section of the state, and also large landed property in the western states. He was an agriculturist on an extensive scale, and was one of the most progressive farmers in the state. No man in this country has done so much for the wool interests of America 596 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. as the subject of this sketch. His breeding brought about an increase in the weight of wool, and added fineness to its texture. In the year 1858, he married Virginia Burley, of West Virginia. Mrs. Beall came from an old and influential family, and was born in May, 1840, about twelve miles east of Wheeling, the daughter of the Hon. James Burley and Margaret Burley. James Burley was a senator during the war in the Virginia senate. Col. Beall passed to his reward February 23, 1890, leaving a wife and seven children to mourn the loss of a loving husband and an affectionate father. His death was a calamity to the community at large, and especially to the great industry for which he had done so much. He was an active and influential communicant of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was prominently identified with the republican party. The family reside upon the large estate, and the business is ably carried on by his two sons. The children are: James, Mary, Clara, Charlie, Lou, Ella and Virginia. There is an interesting history connected with 250 acres of land left by Col. Beall in what is known as " Round Bottom;" this property was " Tomahawked " by Gen. George Washington, and is valued very highly on this account. Col. Beall was a representative American citizen and agriculturist, charitable and just to all. Isaac C. Bickerstaff, of Wellsburg, proprietor of a planing-mill, saw-mill, and general jobber .in wood and iron, and pattern making, was born in Beaver county, Penn., March 22, 1847. He is the son of William and Elizabeth (Meanor) Bickerstaff, natives of Pennsylvania, who April 13, 1887, celebrated their golden wedding. They are devout Christian people, who in their days of activity, worked zealously in the cause of religion, and whose good deeds are tenderly remembered. The father was a farmer by occupation and latterly a hotel keeper, but now retired. Of their eight children all are living but the eldest, Samuel, who died about 1881. The subject of this sketch at the age of seventeen years, became a deck-hand on the river, and rose to the position of mate. Subsequently leaving the river he was employed in the machine shop of Robinson, Ray & Co., at Pittsburgh, until 1872, when he came to Wellsburg, and engaged in making patterns for Smith, Moore & Co. After being employed thus six years he started out for himself, and though it was necessary for him to borrow money to establish his plant, he has prospered and is now reckoned among the successful and energetic men of the city. He was married December 3, 1874, to Mrs. Julia Cox, formerly Julia Reeves, of Wellsburg, who died June 15, 1881. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. March 6, 1884, he was married to Blanche Stewart, and they have two children: William H. and Iva B. Mrs. Bickerstaff is a member of the Disciple church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and politically is a democrat. John R. Braddock, a leading attorney of Wellsburg, was born in Washington county, Penn., May 1, 1852, the son of J. Norton and Margaret J. (McDonald) Braddock, both of whom were born in Washington county, Penn., the father of Irish descent and the mother of Scotch family. The father, who is still living, was by occupation a THE PAN-HANDLE - 597 farmer and carpenter, and railroad contractor. Before the war he was a colonel of militia, and during the rebellion served three years and seven months. He enlisted first in the three months, service, and then for three years in the Twenty-second Pennsylvania cavalry, and served in the Ringgold battalion. He was never wounded, but was once taken prisoner and held for a short time. He served under Sheridan in his campaigns, and was discharged in May, 1865. By his first wife, Margaret J. McDonald, who died in 1854, aged about twenty-one years, he had two children: John R., and Lizzie M., wife of D. B. Bowersox, of Tiffin, Ohio, and judge advocate and inspector of the Woman,s Relief corps of Ohio. Mrs. Braddock,s brother, Gen. B. B. McDonald, was taken prisoner and confined at Libby prison until he escaped through the tunnel, in the construction of which he participated. Mr. Braddock was married a second time to Rebecca J. Plymire, by whom he has two sons: J. S., of Mt. Pleasant, Penn., and F. S., of Lockhaven. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and in the high school at Washington, Penn., and then attended the law department of Michigan university one year in 1873-4. In June, 1874, he was admitted to the bar, and he began the practice in the following August at Washington, where he continued ten years, then going to Leadville, Col., where he served as assistant city solicitor several months. Coming to Wellsburg in 1884, he opened an office with Senator J. B. Summerville, and in the period since elapsed has taken a prominent place in the profession. He was senior counsel for the defense in the celebrated Van Baker case, from July, 1887, to November, 1889, and was warmly complimented for his efforts for his client in that cause. He is an accurate reasoner and fluent speaker. He and wife are members of the Christian church, and he is in politics a democrat. Mr. Braddock was married June 28, 1876, to Lizzie J. Wilson, daughter of William P. and Nancy W. Wilson, of Brooke county, and they have one child, J. Ray. Dr. George W. Caldwell, deceased, formerly of Wellsburg, was born near Steubenville, Ohio, August 15, 1826, the son of Samuel and Jane (McDonald) Caldwell. His father was born in Ohio, his mother in Ireland. In his boyhood he worked upon the farm of his parents and studied in the district school, and developing a talent for study as he grew in years. He passed, in succession through the Steubenville seminary, the lyceum of Wellsville, and the colleges of Richmond and Athens, Ohio. The profession of medicine was his first choice of occupation, and after due preparation he practiced at Frederick-town, Ohio, and at Wellsburg, coming to the latter place in 1851. Here, while still practicing medicine, he took up the study of law with 0. W. Langfitt, Esq., and in 1860 he was admitted to the bar. H e was endowed with those qualities which contribute to honorable success, energy, probity, tact, perseverance, good nature and zeal, and soon rose to a high standing in his profession. His useful life was instantly cut short on June 21, 1887, on which day he was struck down by a locomotive on the track of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railroad, near Wheeling Junction. His character was fitly described 598 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. by his former instructor, ex-Senator Joseph S. Fowler, of Tennessee, when he said: " Dr. G. W. Caldwell was endeared to his fellow members of the bar of West Virginia, by a long, active and commanding practice, and equally endeared to the people of this and the adjoining counties, by his valuable and useful services, by the urbanity of his manners, by his manly and upright deportment, by the integrity of his character and his public and private virtues. A manly frankness in his manner, and a pleasing simplicity in his address, claimed for him a free transit to all generous hearts. Endowed by nature with a rich vein of language, he was never at a loss for an expression. He was equally gifted in music, the inheritance of his family. After years of struggle he embraced the legal profession, and in the stormy legal contests he bore the honors and wore them with the approbation of his brothers. From his lowly home, by virtuous effort, he attained this honored place in his profession. Of him in truth he was the architect of his own fortune. He owed nothing to the aid of powerful friends. By the light of his own intelligence, inspired by the courage of his own convictions, he won his way to honor and distinction." Dr. Caldwell was married March 13, 1849, to Julia A., daughter of Thomas and Rebecca (Ray) Hamilton, and they had the following children: Thomas H., who married Jane Everett, and has the following children: Mark E., Mattie B., George W., Julia C., Harden, Mary B., Lee and Lota; Belle S. wife of R. Wheeler, R.; having one child, George R., Sue W.; Mary E.; S., L., who married Cloyde M. Duval, and has one child, George W., and Samuel R., of the class of 1891, Washington and Jefferson college. Dr. Caldwell was an attendant upon the Methodist church; his widow is a member of the Disciples church, and their children are all members of the Presbyterian church. Alexander Campbell.—This eminent man was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, parish of Broughshane, September 12, 1786. His ancestors on both sides migrated from Scotland to Ireland. His mother’s ancestors, however, were French Huguenots, who fled from their native country upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, by Louis XIV., sought refuge, it appears, first in Scotland, from whence they subsequently migrated to Ireland. His father, Thomas Campbell, was born in county Down, Ireland, February I, 1763. He was of a mild and quiet disposition. In his earlier years, he became the subject of deep religious impressions, and acquired a most sincere and earnest love for the scriptures. The cold formality of the Episcopal ritual, and the apparent want of vital piety in the church to which his father belonged, led him to prefer the society of the rigid and devotional Covenanters and Seceders, and to attend their religious meetings. Having a strong desire to devote himself to the ministry in the Secession church, the matter was broached to his father, who disapproved of it. He, indeed, had but little sympathy in his son,s religious change; being attached to the Church of England, and determined, as he used to say, "to worship God according to act of Parliament." His father having finally acquiesced in his purpose, he THE PAN-HANDLE - 599 went to Glasgow, where he became a student at the university, and after completing his course of study, he left that institution and engaged in the ministry, and in June, 1787, he married Miss Jane Carmeigle, and September 12, 1788, Alexander, their first child, was born. His small salary soon became insufficient to support his increasing family, and other methods to increase his income were resorted to. He removed to Rich Hill and took charge of an academy, in addition to his ministerial duties. The multiplied labors of this addition broke down his health, and he was advised to try the benefits of a sea voyage to restore it. With sore regrets he relinquished his charge and embarked for America April 8, 1807. The family remained behind, and the son, Alexander, went to the Glasgow university and completed his studies, then with the family followed his father in October, 1808. Thomas Campbell died January 4, 1854, lacking only one month of ninety-one years. At an early age Alexander was sent to an elementary school in Market Hill, then was sent to an academy at Newry, under the charge of his uncles Archibald and Enos. Upon his return home, his father endeavored to superintend and continue his education, but he found him so exceedingly devoted to sport and physical exercise, that it was difficult to fix his attention upon books. This uncommon activity of disposition seems at this time to have been his most striking trait. There was in his constitution no tendency to precocious mental development, nor did his peculiar mental powers begin to manifest themselves strikingly until he had nearly attained his growth. His extreme fondness for sport rendered him so averse to the confinement required in order to acquire learning, that study became to him a drudgery, and the tasks with which his over anxious father supplied him became dull and wearisome. About his ninth year, the French language was added to his other studies, but in this he appears not to have made a very satisfactory progress. On account of his great disinclination to confinement, his father at length concluded to put him to work on the farm with the laborers, in order to subdue his love of sport, and, as he said, " to break him into his books." He seems to have found field labor much more congenial, and to have worked hard for several years, until he had become a stout lad, full of health and vigor. At this time his intellectual nature began to assert its claims. He manifested a love for reading, and less inclination for outdoor exercise; and, with his father,s approbation, betook himself to his studies again, filled with all ardent desire for literary distinction, and determined, as he said, to be " one of the best scholars in the kingdom." Two thousand churches with 100,000 members in our own country, and the many followers that are found in every land, attest his success and the greatness of the work he performed, and although he has been called from the scenes of his earthly labor, still his work goes on. Thomas Campbell had, at an early day, conceived the idea that the progress of Christianity was greatly impeded by the barriers placed between the different denominations of Christians, in the way of creeds and articles of faith made by human hands, and that if these