600 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. barriers could be removed, and some common ground be found, upon which all the different denominations could stand, all professing Christians would be united again, and with harmony and united effort, a more rapid spread of the gospel would ensue. To effect this object he proposed that all creeds be discarded; that the object was to come fairly and squarely to the original ground, and take up things just where the apostles left them. In this way, " becoming disentangled from the accruing embarrassments of intervening ages," they could consistently stand on the ground on which the church stood at the beginning; declaring " where the scriptures speak, we speak, where the scriptures are silent, we are silent," that nothing should be required as a matter of faith or duty, for which a " Thus saith the Lord" could not be produced, either in express terms or approved precedent. It is probable that neither Thomas Campbell, or any of the advocates of his views, had, at that time, any intention or thought of forming a new religious party. On the contrary, the design of their efforts, was, perhaps, only to put an end to partyism and unite the different religious denominations by inducing them to accept the Bible as the only authorized rule of faith and practice, and to desist from their controversies about matters of opinion and expediency. At this juncture the son, Alexander, arrived in this country and readily espoused the cause which his father and a few co-workers were laboring to build up. Alexander, by the versatility of his mind, and his energy and zeal in the cause, gave a new impetus to the movement. Their efforts to effect a union on the proposed basis failed, and finding it impossible to accomplish their object, by uniting the already existing churches, they resolved to organize a new church upon the plan for which they had so long labored. Accordingly, in order to carry out this purpose more efficiently, it was resolved at a meeting held at the head waters of Buffalo, 17th of August, 1809, that they would form themselves into an association, under the name of "the Christian Association of Washington." They then appointed twenty-one of their number to meet and confer to gether, and, with the assistance of Thomas Campbell, to determine upon the proper means to carry into effect the important ends of the association. As it had been found somewhat inconvenient to hold the meetings in private houses, it was thought advisable by the members to provide some regular place of meeting. The neighbors accord ingly assembled, and in a short erected a log building on the Sinclair farm, about three miles from Mount Pleasant, upon the road leading from Washington to that place. This building was designed, also, for the purpose of a common school, which was much desired in that neighborhood. Here Thomas Campbell continued to meet his hearers regularly. Here in the neighborhood at the house of a Mr. Welch, he wrote the celebrated " Declaration and Address," designed to set forth to the public at large, in a clear and definite manner, the object of the movement in which he and those associated with him were engaged. When this was finished, it was unanimously agreed to by the committee and or- THE PAN-HANDLE - 601 dered to be printed September 7, 1809. Alexander, after his arrival, always attended his father's meetings, and as he had already signified his determination to engage in the proposed reformation, his father, after some time, began to express the wish that he would take some public part in these meetings. From his youthfulness, however, and the fact that he was as yet unaccustomed to public speaking, this was for some time delayed, until at length, in the spring of 1810, his father being about to address a congregation at a private house (Jacob Donaldson's), told him that after preaching he would have a short intermission, and would expect him afterward to address the people. Accordingly, after the meeting was resumed, Alexander arose and spoke for a short time, chiefly, however, in the way of exhortation.. This was Alexander's first attempt at speaking; and although his remarks were brief and not in fhe usual form of a regular sermon, the result inspired him with confidence, so that, upon being afterward urged to prepare and deliver a public discourse he agreed to do so. At the advice and under the direction of his father, he at once devoted himself to the. preparatory studies for the ministry. He abandoned all other cares, and applied his powerful and disciplined mind anew to the methodical study of the sacred scriptures. Meantime his father had gathered together two small congregations, to which he administered, and who were agreed with him in the purpose of the proposed reformation. One of these was at Cross Roads, six miles northwest, and the other at Brush Run, some eight miles southwest of Washington, Penn. Before the latter of these, May, 1810, Alexander Campbell preached his first sermon, taking his text, Matt. 7; 24-27. The text was evidently chosen as suggestive of the proposed foundation of this new organization, and afforded a fruitful theme for the consideration of all human bases of ecclesiastical union and fellowship. It was received with the greatest enthusiasm by the entire congregation to whom it was addressed, and resulted in an immediate and unanimous call to the ministry. At this time his father and James Foster were the only official teachers recognized in the movement, and the two above named congregations, the only organizations formed upon the principles set forth in the " Declaration and Address." Alexander Campbell now added the weight of his rare powers, and the excitement everywhere to hear him became intense. In the absence of church edifices, meetings were held in the open air, and the groves in the alleys and upon the hill tops rang with the powerful voice of this bold and impetuous pleader for the authority of the word of God. Though the struggle was for the re-introduction of primitive Christianity, Mr. Campbell, the younger, was now considered the champion of a new cause, and he went far and near, attracting immense concourses of admiring, and frequently gainsaying hearers. The establishment of the popular .Buffalo academy in 1819; the debate with Mr. Walker in 1820, and one with Mr. McCalla in 1823 — both Presbyterian ministers —on the subject of baptism, served to intensify his studies and enlarge the area of his reputation. The work was accumulating on his hands, and in personal presence he was un- 602 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. able to perform it. The employment of the press became a necessity. The Baptists, generally, were favorably, and the Pedobaptists unfavorably aroused, and all over the west inquiry was being excited. August 3, 1823, he issued Vol. 1, No. 1, of the Christian Baptist. The name was intended to intimate that Christianity professed and obeyed in immersion, was to be the burden of its pages. About a year after the delivery of his first discourse, March 12, I 81 I, the subject of this address was married to Miss Margaret Brown, a true " helpmeet for him." On the 25th of March, he went with his wife to live with his father-in-law. His delight in active exercise and the practical knowledge he had acquired of farming in his boyhood, led him at once to engage in assisting Mr. Brown in the management of the farm, in which he appears to have displayed his usual activity, and energy, devoting to it all the time he could spare from his ministerial duties. By this time the advocates of these new principles became fully convinced that on account of the continued hostilities of the different parties it was necessary that the Christian Association should assume the charter of an independent church, in order to the enjoyment of those privileges and the performance of those duties which belong to the church relation. It was with great reluctance that the step was finally taken, and a separation made from those whom it desired to recognize as brethren. At a meeting at Brush Run on Saturday, May 4, 1811, a new church was organized. At this meeting Thomas Campbell was appointed elder, and Alexander was licensed to preach the gospel. Alexander, after maturely and carefully considering the subject, decided that it was his duty to be ordained, and he was accordingly set apart to the office of the ministry, with the usual forms, on the 1st day of January, 1812. Aware of the great importance of obtaining the assistance of instructed and cultivated minds in the work to which he was devoted, and feeling the want, in his own neighborhood, of better methods of instruction than those which then prevailed, he determined, early in 1818, to open a seminary, chiefly for young men, in his own house, and take charge of it himself. He thought that by giving the youth of the neighborhood a better education than they could otherwise obtain, it would be the means of preparing some of them for the ministry. By boarding them in his own family, directing their studies, and imbuing their minds with a knowledge of the scriptures in their daily recitations and lessons of instruction which he kept up at the morning and evening devotions of his household, he thought the desired object might be gradually attained. With his well-known talent and energy, he had no difficulty in obtaining as many pupils as he desired. They came from Pittsburgh, some from Ohio, a son of Dr. Joseph Doddridge, of Wellsburgh, and many young men and young ladies came from their homes in the neighborhood to attend the day school. This academy, called the Buffalo seminary, continued to flourish for a number of years. Having found it inconvenient to send his letters and publications to mail at West Liberty, distant four miles, he, in 1827, induced the postoffice department to establish a postoffice at his own THE PAN-HANDLE - 603 residence, which was named Bethany, there being a post town called Buffalo in Mason county. This was highly advantageous to him in many respects. Being postmaster, he enjoyed the franking privilege, which enabled him greatly to extend his correspondence. This privilege can be better appreciated when we inform the reader that the postage on letters in those days was from 6 to 25 cents, according to distance. This office Mr. Campbell held for thirty-eight years. By this time, through his writing, his public debates, and his many and extensive tours through all the states of the Union, Mr. Campbell, aided by many able and devoted co-laborers, had attracted to the movement of which he was the great and acknowledged head, many myriads of zealous and earnest sympathizers. Congregations had been organized in almost every state in the Union, and in many localities they constituted the prevailing denomination. He had long seen and felt the growing want of an educated ministry, and earnestly meditated upon the best means for meeting the necessity. Already taxed to the utmost by the innumerable public demands upon his time and his energies, he, for some time, shrank from undertaking what seemed the only alternative; but the necessity was urgent, and he resolved to postpone it no longer. In 1840 he commenced the great and crowning work of his life—the founding and endowment of Bethany college. He did not wait to raise the means from others, but with a sublime confidence in the merit of the enterprise, which was his strong characteristic in all that he undertook, he threw some $10,000 or $15,000 of his own capital into the business, and at once contracted for the erection of the necessary buildings. All the energies of his great mind and heart were thrown into the enterprise, and by the fall of 1841, the college was organized with a regular charter, board of trustees, faculty, and over Too students, assembled from ten or twelve different states of the American Union. He took upon himself not only the duties of president, but also the daily labor of lecturing on the Bible. He made a thorough study of the Bible his peculiar characteristic of Bethany college. As he regarded the Bible and the Bible alone as the only authority to the church in all matters of faith and practice, and the only infallible source of a perfect morality, so he conceived it should form the basis of all Christian education, and be made a leading text-book in every college. Early in 1830, he was, without seeking the position, chosen delegate to the Virginia convention for amending the state constitution. Though not a politician, his known liberal and well-digested sentiments commended him to the suffrages of the western citizens of that great state, at the moment when they demanded liberation from the burdens not shared by the tide water districts. Though he did not shine as a leader in This most august Virginia assembly of this century, he was intimate with the venerable and celelebrated Ex-president Madison and Chief Justice Marshall, and a co-member of the judiciary committee with the latter. These gentlemen, with Philip Doddridge and the members of the convention generally, held him in high esteem. But never did our venerable brother shine more brilliantly as a preacher than during that spring, 604 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. the First Baptist church being constantly crowded in every part with anxious listeners, Mr. Madison often among them. In October, 1827, his first wife died. She was a woman of remarkable excellence of heart and mind, which were perpetuated in the lives of her five' amiable and Christian-like daughters. His second wife was Miss Selina H. Bakewell, whom he married in 1828. By his first wife he had eight children, all now deceased; by his second wife he had six — four of whom survive. Although Mr. Campbell never would accept any compensation for his ministerial labors nor ever engage in any business speculations, yet he acquired a respectable fortune. Wealth seemed to accumulate on his hands without effort. His perfect system in all his business arrangements, and his indefatigable industry and methodical order in everything, greatly facilitated his labors, but his over-taxed powers. finally began to fail. His memory failed him, and though at times, when aroused, his intellectual powers would seem to exhibit the brilliancy and strength of his earlier years, yet it was evident that the wear of sixty years of ceaseless exhausting labor began to show its effects in the worn out mental and physical powers of this great man.. His strength continued to gradually fail him till on the 4th of March, 1866, in the bosom of his family and amid sorrowing friends he breathed his last. He lies buried in the family cemetery, on the farm on which he had always lived. The Hon. Alexander Campbell, a distinguished resident of Brooke county, W. Va., and son of the above, was born October 24, 1831, in the vicinity of Bethany. He was graduated from Bethany college in the class of 1852. His marriage to Miss Mary A. Purvis, of Louisiana, took place December 30, 1852. She is a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Campbell) Purvis. The former was a native of South Carolina, but moved to Mississippi at an early date. The principal of this biography spent a portion. of each year in Louisiana, and was engaged in planting cotton until: 1888. In the year 1874 he was elected chairman of the state democratic executive committee, and two years later was elected a member of the national democratic committee, and his term of office expiring he was again chosen for that distinguished position in ,188o at Cincinnati, Ohio, and served until the year 1884. President Cleveland recognized his ability by appointing him as a commissioner to the Melbourne international exhibition, which was held in Melbourne, Australia, from August, 1888, to January 31, 1889. While in Australia, Mr. Campbell traveled ex tensively through the colonies and wrote exhaustive reports of the wool and sugar industries of that country for the United States government. He is the father of seven children, named: Virginia (Mageary), now living in Australia; Mary A. (Hagerman), of Richmond, Ky.; Alexander P., Robert M., William, John E. and Archie. The family are members of the Christian church of Bethany. In 1872 Mr. Campbell was a member of the West Virginia constitutional convention, and his life has been crowed with honors which have never been sought, but were rather forced upon him. THE PAN-HANDLE - 605 James W. M. Carmichael, of Wellsburg, a member of the prominent coal firm of Forbes, Carmichael & Co., was born in Washington county, Penn., December 29, 1839. He is the son of G. W. Carmichael, a man well-known in his day, a farmer, and subsequently engaged in furnishing fuel to Ohio river steamers, who died in 1857, aged forty-four years. The latter married Nancy, daughter of James Ward, of Eldersville, Washington county, Penn., a well-known early citizen, who in the days of Indian warfare was carried by his mother to the Harmon's Creek, Penn., block house for safety. This worth lady is still living, at the age of seventy-two years. Thirteen children were born to them, the subject of this sketch being the second born, and seven are now living. James M. Carmichael, grandfather of the subject, was a well-known local writer of prose and poetry, and school teacher in Washington, Fayette and Greene counties, Penn., and Brooke county, then in Virginia, having taught among other places, at Cross Creek village, and at what is now known as Buchanan's or Hammond's school-house, on Buffalo creek. He had the most valuable and complete library in the community in his day, but this, with his poetical manuscripts, were destroyed by fire. At the death of his father, James W. M. Carmichael began to aid in the support of the family, and was employed as a coal miner. Subsequently he purchased an interest with his brothers-in-law, and the firm of Forbes, Carmichael & Co., was established in 1863. This, the oldest firm in the county, still continues to do a prosperous business, operating the oldest coal works in the county of Brooke. They have been remarkably free from accidents, and have not stopped work a week since beginning. Mr. Carmichael is esteemed as one of the successful and enterprising business men of the town, and a public spirited citizen. He is an active member of the Presbyterian church, holding the office of elder, and is a working republican. He was married May 7, 1861, to Mary, daughter of Thomas Forbes, Sr., of Wellsburg, and they have twelve children living: Thomas W., book-keeper in the Wellsburg National Bank, who married Gertrude L. Henke, of Steubenville, Ohio, and has two children; Nannie; John F., a glass blower of Washington, Penn., who married Laura Wheatley, and has one child; George, a printer, of Wheeling; Eliza, a popular teacher in the Wellsburg public school; M. Alice; W. James; Herbert S.; Robert H.; Isabelle; Irene G. and Chester H., and two, Charles E. and Martha Pearl, having died in infancy. Elijah A. Chamberlain, of Wellsburg, a highly respected retired citizen, was born in Beaver county, Penn., October 14, 1831. Of that state his parents, David and Jane (Bradley) Chamberlain, were both natives. They were worthy, Christian' people, devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and went to their reward several years ago, the father dying in 1859, aged eighty-two years, and the mother in June, 1874, aged seventy four. Eleven of the twelve children of these parents were reared to maturity. Elijah A., the subject of this sketch, was engaged upon the farm in his youth and until September, 1862, when he enlisted in Company C, First West Virginia 606 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. light artillery. He participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and while returning from the latter, in camp at Berlin, Md., he was run over, while asleep on the ground at night, by a horse, injuring him so that he has never recovered, and during the past four years he has been totally disabled. He was kept with his company till October, 1863; was then at Harwood hospital, Washington, two months, and coming home on furlough, was unable to be moved to the post hospital at Wheeling for eleven months. He was discharged at the hospital June 19, 1865. His sac- rifice for his country was a great one, of health, strength and much of the pleasures of life. Mr. Chamberlain was married September 9, 1852, to Sarah A., daughter of William and Rachel Henry, formerly of Ohio. Her father died many years ago, the mother in 1874, aged sixty-two years. They had six children, three of whom are living: one, Benjamin, served in the First West Virginia infantry, and died of measles at New Creek, February, 1862. Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain have had two children: William Norvel, deceased, and Joseph, who married Cecilia K hole. Joseph and Cecilia Chamberlain have had the following children, Anna B., Zanretta, Sarah E., Margaret, Pinkie 0., Elijah A. and Lucy. Mr. Chamberlain and wife have been members of the Methodist Protestant church, for thirty years, and he is a comrade of the Pierpont post, G. A. R., and is a republican. John M. Charnock, of Wellsburg, was born at Wheeling, April 10, 1849, the son of William and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Charnock. His father, a native of Virginia, was a blacksmith by trade, and a member of the well-known firm of B. & J. N. Charnock, who manufactured wagons and shipped them to New Orleans, and also did much steamboat work. He was a valued citizen of Wheeling, and a faithful member of the Episcopal church. He died in August, 1857. His widow survives at the age of seventy-four years. Of their ten children, three sons and three daughters survive. John M. Charnock at the age of thirteen years began learning the tinner's trade under Nesbit & Brother, and becoming a master of the trade opened a business of his own at Wheeling in 1872, A year later he removed to Wellsburg, of which he has since been an esteemed citizen. Though his establishment has burned out several times, his business has risen again from the ashes, and his industry and enterprise have made him successful and prosperous. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he has been steward several years, and he is politically a republican. Mr. Charnock was married January 17, 1871, to Susan, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Miller, of Wheeling, estimable people who are highly regarded by their relatives and friends. By this marriage he has nine children, John H., who, being a fine workman assists his father in his shop; Mary C., Edna, Leona, Artie, Elwood, Howard, Ethel and Ellda, twins. R. H. Cotton, a capable and successful lawyer, of Wellsburg, was born in Washington county, Penn., September, 1856, the son of James and Nancy J. (McElroy) Cotton, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania. The father, whose business was the buying and selling of THE PAN-HANDLE - 607 stock, died in 1886, aged seventy years, and his widow, now a resident of Washington county, Penn, is aged sixty-five years. Of their six children, five are living. 1 he subject of this sketch received a thorough education at Washington and Jefferson colleges, Bethany college and the Ohio state university at Columbus. During the last year (1879) of his literary studies he read law, and continuing his reading with Holmes & Nash (ex-Atty. Gen. Nash), of Columbus, and was admitted, upon examination, to practice before the supreme court of Ohio, December 7, 1880. During the following year he practiced with Judge Stanley Matthews, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and then engaged with W. J. Gilmore, Esq., late of the Ohio supreme court, as assistant in preparing briefs, etc., with whom he remained five years. He then went to Washington county, Penn., in the interest of the Pittsburgh, Canonsburg & State Line railroad, of which he is a director and in March, 1889, he came to Wellsburg, which has since been his home. He also holds the position of secretary of the Pittsburgh Gas Coal company, Pittsburgh, Penn. He is one of the vigorous, capable and successful attorneys at law of the state, and is held in high regard as a scholar, lawyer and business man by the community. He has been a member of the Ohio State Bar association since its organization, is a Mason of the thirty-second degree, of the Ohio consistory of Cincinnati, and politically is a republican. Mr. Cotton was married in September, 1882, to Florence M., daughter of George W. and M. A. Freshwaters, of Brooke county, and they had two children: Gilmore and Flossie, the latter of whom died October 26, 1889, aged three years. John N. Cooper, M. D., of Wellsburg, a physician and surgeon of high standing in his profession, was born at Scotch Ridge, Belmont Co., Ohio, December 1, 1831, of Scoth-Irish lineage. He received in youth a fine literary education, studying three years under Rev. John McClusky, at West Alexander academy, and then entering. Washington college, in 1851, and completing the work of the sophomore and junior years. He then began the study of medicine with Dr. S. B. West, of Martin's Ferry, Ohio, and subsequently, after attending lectures at the Ohio Medical college, he began the practice of medicine at West Liberty, W. Va., in 1857. His residence at Wellsburg began in 1867, and here he has attained a large practice, and has to a notable degree the confidene and respect of the public. He is a valued citizen, active and enterprising in the interests of the community. In June, 1875, there was conferred upon him the degree of A. M., by Washington and Jefferson college. The doctor is a member of the Medical Society of West Virginia, of which he has twice been elected vice president, and is a member of the American Medical association. Dr. Cooper was married September 20, 1860, to Sallie B. Hedges, daughter of Joseph Hedges, Esq., deceased, of Brooke county. William P. Cowans was born August 17, 1854, near Little Washington, Penn. His father and mother, John and Jane (Mann) Cowans, were natives of Ireland and Scotland, respectively. John Cowans was a shepherd in his native land, he died in 1863; the mother is. still 608 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. living. They first moved to Bethany, W. Va., and afterward to Little Washington, subsequently they took up their residence in Bloomington, Ill., where they lived for eight years. He enlisted in the Union army during, the late war, and served two years and a half, coming home at the end of this period, he died soon after. The mother and children returned to Bethany soon after his death. The five children that were born to these parents are: Mary (Wells), Walter, Anna. (Mercer), Maggie (Fowler), and William P. After the family's return to West Virginia, William went to live with John Marshall, who resided in the vicinity of Wheeling. After remaining with him for one year, Mr. Cowans moved to West Middletown, Penn. He afterward came to Bethany and worked for William K. Pendleton for two years. He then attended school for about four months, after which he worked on a farm for a year, and for five years drove a hack to Wellsburg. Mr. Cowans spent three months in Laplatte, Neb., and after his return entered the livery business which he conducted for one year. After clerking for George Curtis for a few months he again embarked in the livery business and is now engaged in that occupation, doing an extensive business. August 21, 1889, he married Mary E. Brown, of Bethany. She was born in 1854. Mrs. Cowans has been the postmistress at Bethany for about four years. Mr. Cowans is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is a firm believer in the principles of the republican party. They are both very highly respected in the community in which they live and by all with whom they come in contact. George B. Crawford, a prominent citizen of Wellsburg, and mayor since May, 1889, is a native of that city, born November 14, 1838. His father, Cornelius H. Crawford, was one of the prominent men of his day and one of the best Ohio river pilots, a calling in which he engaged for some years, although he was reared upon the farm and in his latter years was a carpenter. He was born on Buffalo creek, near Bethany, W. Va., September 8, 1814, and died at Wharton, Tex., August 28, 1859, while sojourning there and pursuing his occupation. By his marriage to Maria S., daughter of John and Mary Moren, he had seven children, George B., Oscar F.; Helen, de- ceased; Narcissa and Eliza, both deceased; John M. and William M. The mother, a devoted Christian and benevolent lady, died March 3, 1884, in the sixty-ninth year of her age. Her father, who came to Wellsburg in 1806, enlisted in the war of 1812, but had proceeded only as far as Northfolk when peace was declared. George B. Crawford was first employed at ten years of age turning a wheel in a " rope walk," was subsequently in a cotton factory until 186o, and then in a paper mill until 1861.. In the latter year he enlisted in Company G, of the First Virginia volunteer infantry for three months' service, and on August 4, 1862, re-enlisted for three years. As a veteran he served until the close of the war, being discharged at Clarksburg, W. Va., June 23, 1865, as a member of Company D, Second regiment, West Virginia veteran infantry. His command was one distinguished for gallantry, and he saw active and dangerous service THE PAN-HANDLE - 609 in all the campaigns of the Shenandoah valley, except while held by the enemy. He had the misfortune to be captured at Moorfield, W. Va., September II, 1863, and was taken to Libby prison, and thence thirty-six hours later, to Belle Isle, where until March 7, 1864, he suffered great deprivations, his rations toward the last consisting of only a finger-length square of corn bread twice a day, and his bed being the sand, under poor tents, without covering, and no fuel. Being paroled at Richmond, March 7, 1864, he was transported to Annapolis, then to Camp Chase, Ohio, and he then remained at home on furlough until June, 1864, when he was exchanged. He then joined his regiment in Sheridan's army in the Shenandoah valley, and fought till peace was established. In 1867 Mr. Crawford engaged in the grocery business with Barclay & Lloyd, as salesman, and also as deputy for Mr. Barclay, then sheriff, for four and a half years. He was subsequently employed at Pittsburgh with J. S. Dilworth & Co., wholesale grocers, and then with T. B. Litten, at Wellsburg. Purchasing the store of Mr. Litten, he continued the grocery business until 1876, since which time he has been engaged in woodworking in its various mechanical departments. His most famous work in this line was constructed while he was in business, and was an object of great attention during its exhibition at Wheeling, and afterward at the Centennial exposition of 1876. This is a Centennial bracket, composed of seventy-six varieties of wood native to West Virginia, joined in a mosaic thirty-five inches by five and a half feet in area. On this an elaborate design is worked out, including the American eagle, the flag, stars representing the thirteen original states, " Liberty," " Union," and "Independence," " In God We Trust," the opening sentence of the Declaration of Independence, followed by the names of the signers, each state being represented by a different wood, and after this " Philadelphia, July 4, 1776," " Constitution," names of the presidents from Washington to Grant, the figures "100," "Esto Perpetua," closing with the name of the maker, " Geo. B. Crawford, Wellsburg, West Virginia, 1876." Surrounding all are stars for each state in 1876 and appropriate emblems for the territories. Mr. Crawford has been active in public affairs, and has rendered efficient service for several terms each as city clerk and councilman. In fraternal matters he has been equally active and has held prominent official positions in the Masonic order, the G. A. R. and the Union Veteran Legion. In politics he is a republican. Mr. Crawford was married February 13, 1889, to Miss Margaret, daughter of Reuben and Bethira Hale, of Holliday's Cove, Hancock county, W. Va. They have been blessed with one child, Maria Hale, born February 14, 1890. Jacob E. Curtis, editor and publisher, in connection with his son, of the Pan-handle News, an influential newspaper of Wellsburg, W. Va., was born at Hagerstown, Md., October 29, 1824. He is the son of Josiah and Esther (Ernsberger) Curtis, the former of whom was a native of Maryland, of Welsh family, and the latter a native of Germany. Mr. Curtis was reared in West Liberty, and attended school at 39—A. 610 - HISTORY THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. the same place. Subsequently he went to Bethany and there first engaged in merchant tailoring and afterward in'mercantile business, at which he continued about forty years. Becoming prominent in public affairs and particularly influential in the democratic party, he was elected sheriff of Brooke county in 1876, and this office he held four years, discharging its duties with fidelity to the interests of the public. During the ten succeeding years he conducted a store at Wellsburg. In September, 1889, he purchased the Pan-handle News, and since then he has been giving his attention to that journal and to the duties of deputy sheriff. Mr. Curtis is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been a trustee of Bethany college for thirty years and more. He was married in 1849 to Melissa Kerr, an estimable lady, a devoted member of the church, who died August 15, 1862, aged thirty years. By this union he had five children: G. C., a merchant of Bethany; Dr. W. K., a prominent physician of Wellsburg; Sarah B., wife of David Hahn, a real estate dealer of Zanesville, Ohio; Ida M., wife of George A. DeLong, a hardware merchant of Lexington, Ky., and Joseph L., who served as deputy sheriff for his father from 1876 to 188o, and was elected sheriff of Brooke county in 1888, taking position January I, 1889. Mr. Curtis and children are members of the Disciple church. His present wife is S. B., daughter of Louis Kerr, of Brooke county. J. G. W. Davies, of Wellsburg, a well-known contractor and builder, was born in Cardiganshire, South Wales, May 17, 1861, son of Evan and Hannah (Davies) Davies. His father, a weaver by occupation, is living in Wales, and was fifty-seven years old June 17, 189o, but the mother died September 14, 1889, aged fifty-eight years. Both were members of the established church of England. Of the eight children born to them the following survive: Mary, who is with her father; J. G. W., Evan T., Hannah J., David. and Daniel. Mr. Davies received his education in his native country, and there learned the carpenter's trade, working two years at Liverpool, being employed upon some of the best houses then in construction there. On May 17, 1883, he embarked for America on the steamer " City of Berlin," and arrived at New York June 4. From there the came on to Wellsburg, and for the next four months. worked as a journeyman carpenter. He then worked as an independent contractor, and his first house was that of John Holly, after which he erected dwellings for William McElroy, Anthony Brady, three houses for the Misses Hervey, and several others early in his business career. In 1885 he designed and built the Episcopal church. He enlarged his business in 1886 by the purchase of the lumber yards of George Crawford, Sr., and has since dealt in lumber and building materials. Among his more recent buildings are a fine house for Zadoc Fowler, of Collier's Station, his own comfortable residence, the elegant brick house for Thomas Boyd, and the handsome Methodist church at Brilliant. Mr. Davies keeps constantly employed a large force of workmen. He is a member of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, and in politics is a republican. He was married January 26, 1886, to Emma E., THE PAN-HANDLE - 61 daughter of David and Catherine Thomas, of Pentre Bach farm, St. Asaph, North Wales, at the home of her parents, whither he traveled for that purpose, and whence he returned to Wellsburg, April 14, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Davies have one child, David Evan. He and wife are members of the Episcopal church of Wellsburg. John N. Devore, D. D. S. is one of the leading dentists of Bethany, W. Va. Dr. Devore was born March 26, 1848, on Wheeling creek, Ohio county, W. Va. His parents were John and Mary A. (Bright) Devore, who had but the one child, John N. John Devore, Sr., was born in Belmont county, Ohio, and his wife was also a native of that county. Until the breaking out of the war of the rebellion Dr. Devore lived upon the paternal farm; he enlisted in the Union service, Company A, Twelfth West Virginia infantry, August 7, 1862, and remained in the patriotic ranks until the close of the war, having been honorably discharged June 16, 1865. The more important battles in which he engaged were those of Winchester, Hunter's Raid, O'Pecon, and he was also in the famous battle which Sheridan won by his gallant ride. Having been transferred to the army of the James, then in front of Richmond, the valliant young soldier took an active part in the advance on Hatcher's Run, which occurred from March 26th to April 1st, was also a participant in the charge on Fort Gregg. Afterward being present at Lee's surrender, going from here to Richmond, where he was discharged. Dr. Devore left the service holding the position of corporal. After his return home he was engaged in study for several years, and has now been practicing his profession for thirteen years, having met with much success. He was married in *8, to Anna M. Belle, by whom he had three children, two of thefn now dead. His wife died in 1884, in March. His marriage to Agnes Gibson was solemnized September 22, 1885. Mrs. Devore is the daughter of Robert and Mayron Gibson. This second marriage has resulted in the birth of three children: Mayron G., Gibson McCook and Colley Emerson — all living. Dr. De-yore is a communicant of the Methodist Episcopal church, and his wife of the Disciples church. He is also a member of the Masonic and I. O. O. F. fraternities, and a staunch republican. John Dornan, of Wellsburg, manager of the Riverside Glass works, was born in county Down, Ireland, July 13, 1838. He is the son of William and Rose (Murray) Dornan, both natives of Ireland, where the father died June 16, 1846, at the age of thirty-seven years, leaving five children, four of whom are now living. The mother and her children came to America in 1852, and proceeded from New York to Boston, where they resided several years. She now resides at Kenton, Mass., at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. Dornan at the age of fifteen years obtained employment in a glass factory, and with the exception of three years in a cotton factory at Kenton, has since been engaged in glass manufacture. He resided at Wheeling from 1865 to 1879, and then coming to Wellsburg superintended the erection of the Riverside factory, of which he has since acted as manager. At this institution natural gas was first used in the manufacture of fine table 612 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. glass ware, and Mr. Dornan is therefore the pioneer in this notable utilization of the resources of nature. His executive talent and energy have been important factors in the success of the factory. He is active and public-spirited as a citizen, has served several terms on the city council, and is one of the trustees of the Brooke cemetery. Mr. Dornan was married July 8, 1860, to Susan, daughter of Dennis O'Hara, of county Down, Ireland, a lady with whom he was acquainted when both were school children in their native land. Both are members of the Catholic church. They have had fourteen children: Jennie, Katie, Maggie, Mamie (deceased), Anna, Lizzie, Irene, Willie (deceased), Ellen (deceased), Dernie, Blanche (deceased), Clara, Richard (deceased), and Carl. Prof. F. M. Dowling, teacher of Latin, rhetoric, philology, in the Bethany college, Brooke county, W. Va., was born in 1861, August 18th, and is the son of William and Mary (Chapman) Dowling. These are the parents of seven children, all of whom are living. They are: Rosa (Williamson), Hattie (Williamson), Flora (Camp), F. M., William E., Alla, Clarence. Prof. Dowling was reared as a farmer, and attended the common schools while working the farm; started to college at Bethany at the age of twenty, and graduated at the age of twenty-three, in the classical course. He also received the degree of A. B. After graduating, he went to Mt. Healthy, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was pastor of the Disciples church of that place for one year. His health failing, he was compelled to quit the work of the ministry for several months, when he went to Hope Dale, Harrison county, Ohio, where he taught the classics in the Normal college and preached on Sundays. During these two years he was also engaged in holding protracted meetings in various parts of the state of Ohio. He became professor in Bethany college in the year 1887, and has been here ever since, preaching to congregations within reach of Bethany in the meantime. He was married to Bertha Paul, July 18, 1888. She is the daughter of Albert and Anna (Knox) Paul, and was born in 1867. By this union there was born one daughter, Harriet Cassell. Henry Emig, merchant tailor, a worthy resident of Wellsburg, was born in Germany, on the left Rhine, December 25, 1837. At the age of thirteen years he began to learn his trade, and in 1864 immigrated to this country, arriving at New York, May 19, where he worked six months before coming to Wheeling, at which city he was engaged in business until April 1, 1867. Coming then to Wellsburg he has since then been a resident of this place, doing a general tailoring business, and holding rank as one of the most thorough masters of his trade. When he arrived in this country, his capital consisted of two silver dollars, but he is now prosperous; industry, enterprise and economy having sufficed to give him an assured position in life, and win for him the respect and esteem of his fellows. He has a comfortable home and has reared a family of ten children. He was married in 1866, to Mary, daughter or Peter and Christiana (Slater) Kolz, natives of the left Rhine country, who came to this country at the THE PAN-HANDLE - 613 same time as did Mr. Emig. To this union have been born these children: Peter, a tailor at Fairmont; John, engaged with the Standard Insurance company at Wheeling; Henry and Anna, who assist their father in business; Theresa, Lizzie, Emma, Joseph, Maggie (deceased), Frances S. Mrs. Emig, a devoted member of the Catholic church, died July 3, 1882, aged thirty-eight years. Mr. Emig is a member of the Catholic church, and in politics a democrat. Mrs. Mary Elson first saw the light of day in the year 1816, at Holliday's Cove, W. Va. Until her marriage to Mr. Elson in 1840, she lived with her parents, Asa and Mary (Wills) Elson, natives of Maryland. She obtained an average education, and by her association with her mother, was well fitted to enter upon the cares of a married life. After her marriage she went to live upon a farm owned by her husband, situated near Cross Creek. They resided there but one year when they removed to the farm now occupied by Mrs. Elson. Although now eighty-one years of age, Mrs. Elson presents a much younger appearance, and bids fair to outlive many a younger person. Mr. Elson was born in 1809, near the farm now owned by his widow. He was a son of Hanson and Mary Elson, who were born in West Virginia. Until thirty-one years old he lived with his parents, working for his father and attending school. When he married the lady who now survives him, he started farming on his own account and met with gratifying success. Much of his life was spent on the Ohio river as a flat-boatman, in which pursuit he was also prosperous. After his removal to the present Elson property, he remained there until his death, which occurred in 1883, when he was at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. Elson was much interested in the schools, and also in the improvement of the roads. The following children are the issue of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Elson: Albert C. Asa 0.• Rufus A., deceased; Richard H., John W., Alexander M., Harden W., Wilson R., and William, deceased; Laura A. and Mary M. The children have all been married, with the exception of Harden W., and occupy farms of their own. The mother is a member of the Baptist church, of which denomination she has been a communicant since her eighteenth year. William M. Fowler first saw the light of day in 1828 at Fowler's Mill, a place situated on Cross creek. Until he reached the age of twenty-two years, Mr. Fowler lived with his father and mother, John and Sarah (McCleary) Fowler, upon their farm, attending the public schools, where he received a good education. In 1851 he struck out for himself, working at the carpenter's trade in the vicinity of his home. Continuing in this for one year, he then took charge of the mill known as Fowler's mill, which he operated very successfully for some three years. In the meantime, Mr. Fowler married Miss DeManse Wiggins. After his marriage he settled on the old homestead, and in 1856 he gave up the milling trade and entered the mercantile business, which he has since been engaged in, having met with most gratifying success. His wife dying in 1862, he was again married in 1867, this time to Miss Hannah Baxter, by whom he has had four 614 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. children, two of whom are still living: Edward B., deceased; Campbell C., deceased; William B. and Ella D. By the first wife he had one child: John Hiram Vesey. Mr. Fowler carries on a large business, running it with discretion and fairness to all with whom he deals. Prof. Frank P. Trench, teacher of vocal and instrumental music and harmony at Bethany college, was born February 14, 1858, in New York city, and lived in that city until he was about sixteen years of age. He began the study of music at the age of eight _years, and at the age of eighteen, he accepted a position as organist in Cortland, N. Y., where he remained about three years, resigning at the end of that time, and accepting a position in Watertown, .N. Y. After remaining there about one year he entered the New England conservatory of music, graduating in the class of 1883. Since then he served organist of St. John's, Albany, N. Y., for two years, and then went to Omaha, Neb., where he was pianist of the Mendelssohn club, also director of music in the baptist church. He next went to Rochester, N. Y., and did musical work, and came to Bethany as director of music at the beginning of the session of 1889. In the year 1887, June 19, he was joined in marriage to Nellie R. Greene, daughter of W. W. Greene and E. (Ingram) Greene. G. W. Freshwater is the postmaster and prominent merchant of Collins, Brooke county, W. Va. The year 1853 is the date of his birth, and Cross Creek township, Brooke county, W. Va., the place where he was born. The old home is still occupied by his father, J. R. Freshwater. The mother's maiden name was Lydia Ridgeley, and, she, as well as her husband, are natives of West Virginia. Until he was twenty-three years old Mr. Freshwater remained at home attending school and helping his father. At the expiration of this time he left home and engaged in the mercantile trade at Collins, where he still resides. About 1882 Mr. Freshwater was appointed postmaster by President Hayes, and has since held the office, with the exception of a short time that he was relieved during Cleveland's administration. In 1877 he took Miss Amy J. Swearingen to wife. She is a daughter of John C. and Ruth Sweeringen, both natives of this state. They are the parents of five children, all of them living,they are: Charles R., Earl G., Neva E., George W. and John R. Mr. Freshwater has been more than ordinarily successful in all of his enterprises, and is surrounded by a cultivated family and a large circle of friends. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. The cause of education and the public highway measures have no firmer friend than G. W. Freshwater. J. R. Freshwater, father of G. W., was born March 21, 1811, in Cross Creek township, Brooke county, W. Va., or what was then Virginia. His father and mother, Reuben and Nancy (Beall) Freshwater, were also natives of this state. Until his marriage to Lydia Ridgeley, a West Virginian, and a daughter of William and Jane Ridgeley, the the former was a native of Maryland, Mr. Freshwater remained with his father, assisting him, and acquiring an education. After his marriage, which took place in 1842, he purchased the farm on which he THE PAN-HANDLE - 615 now resides, and which he has since operated with good success. His children are: John E., William, Sarah J., deceased; George W. and David F. Mr. Freshwater has, since his residence in Collins, been prominently identified with the school improvement and highways, having held several minor offices in both departments. He is prosperous and contented, and although now at an advanced age, he is still active and efficient, giving promise of many years of life. Such men as this are the mainstay of a community. John Gibson, one of the prosperous and enterprising merchants of Bethany, Brooke Co., W. Va., was born September 17, 1861, in the town where he now resides. His parents were Robert and Marian (Wilson) Gibson, both natives of Scotland. Coming to this country about the year 1845, they settled at Bethany. The father was a shepherd in his native land, but after coming to the United States he engaged in tilling the soil. He died in July, 1865, and the mother followed him March To, 1890. They were the parents of eight children, four of whom are dead, those living are: Agnes (Devore), Selina, Robert and John. John, the principal of this biography, attended the common schools until he reached the age of eighteen years, at which time he entered business with his brother as a clerk. After continuing in this capacity for about two years, Mr. Gibson purchased his brother's interest and has since operated the business. His marriage to Amanda Alvey took place June 19, 1883. She is the daughter of Basil and Elizabeth Alvey, and was born in November, 1860, in Taylorstown, Penn. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson's home has been brightened by the advent of four children, all of whom are living, they are: James, Bernie, Olive and Laura. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gibson are consistent members of the Disciples church, of Bethany, and he is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. His political faith is founded upon the principles of the republican party. Mr. Gibson is a worthy representative of an old and much esteemed family, and his success fully attests his business ability and standing. Mr. Gibson is still a young man and has a bright business career open before him. Joseph C. Gist is an old resident of Buffalo township, Brooke county, W. Va. He was born in the year 1820, March 12, near Wellsburg, W. Va., the son of Cornelius Howard and Clara (Reinicker) Gist. The father and grandfather were both natives of Maryland, and the mother and her parents were Prussians by birth. Joseph was the youngest of ten children, three of whom are still living. Joseph attended the pioneer schools of that day, and afterward was a student in Allegheny college for three and a half years. Having graduated with the degree of A. M., he read law for two years. Abandoning his legal studies, Mr. Gist became a farmer, in which pursuit he has since been engaged. In 1861 he was elected to the senate of W. Va. After serving in this capacity with much credit to himself and with benefit to his constituents for four years he was sent to the state legislature, being a candidate on the republican ticket. August 22, 1849, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth Colver. She was born in Greene county, Penn., near Jefferson, February 10, 1826, the daughter 616 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. of Thomas and Rachel (Heaton) Colver. Six children have come to bless this union. Mr. and Mrs. Gist are communicants of the Methodist Episcopal church. The farm operated by Joseph Gist is one of the finest in Brooke county, and is stocked with thorough-bred Merino sheep and finely bred Short-horn cattle. He is an enterprising, progressive farmer, a fine specimen of American citizen and agriculturist. Jesse T. Hall, M. D., of Wellsburg, a leading physician and surgeon, was born in Fayette county, Penn., October 27, 1845. He is a son of Joseph and Maria (Colvin) Hall, the former of whom is a native of West Virginia and the latter of Virginia. His father, who was a teacher in the public schools in early life, subsequently a local minister and afterward a farmer, was a prominent man in his county and favorably regarded. He died in 1875, at the age of sixty-five years, and his wife, who was a life-long member of the church, and earnest in good works, passed away in January, 1887, at the age of sixty-seven. Of their eight children, the subject of this mention is the second born. Dr. Hall completed his literary education at Southwest Normal college, in Pennsylvania, and then in the pursuit of a professional training, attended the Ohio Medical college, at Cincinnati, and Jefferson Medical college, at Philadelphia, and the Hahnemann Medical college, at Chicago. He had begun his practice, however, in 1876, and has ever since that date been actively engaged in his profession with the exception of time devoted to attendance on lectures. The doctor's professional reputation is of a high order, and as a citizen he is progressive and enterprising; in all relations he enjoys the esteem of those with whom he is associated. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, in politics is a republican, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Dr. Hall was married, March 23, 1871, to Mary E., daughter of Louis and Dorcas E. (Reeves) Smith, of Greenfield, Penn. Her father, who died January 14, 1873, aged fifty-seven years, was prominent in his community, held the office of justice many years and faithfully discharged a remarkable number of trusts as guardian of orphan children, and was an elder in the Cumberland Presbyterian church for thirty-one years. He served eighteen months as captain of Company I, Second West Virginia infantry, and while waiting at Catlett's Station for a train to Washington, intending to take a sick furlough, he was captured by the confederates, and afterward confined at Libby several months, his health thereby being completely broken. His wife, a devoted Christian lady, died January 13, 1875, aged fifty-one. Mrs. Hall is the second of their six children. The doctor and wife have one son, Clyde Smith Hall, who is now a student at the Metropolitan college of Chicago. Benjamin F. Harden, M. D., prominent in the medical profession and in social and public affairs of Brooke county, was born in Schenectady county, N. Y., April 17, 1857. He is a descendant of James Harden, a native of Bennington, Vt., who was one of the eighty boys enlisted and drilled by Ethan Allen, and afterward took part in the battle of Bunker Hill. This revolutionary hero died in 1826, aged sixty-eight years. He married a Miss Maynard, and one of their THE PAN-HANDLE - 617 children was Benjamin, who married Phbe Tripp, and died in 1863, at the age of sixty-six years. Their son, James S., still an esteemed citizen of Schenectady county, N. Y., is the father of the subject of this sketch. James S. was born in New York, has been by occupation, a farmer, and in the early days, was a captain of . militia. He married Mary Morse, also of New York, a consistent member of the Methodist church, and a devoted Christian, as were all her family. She died in 1874, aged forty-five. Dr. Benjamin F. Harden, the oldest of the seven children of the above, was reared to his eighteenth year on the farm, and then began attendance at the Franklin academy in Delaware county, N. Y. After his graduation there in 1877, he taught school two years, and then read medicine with Dr. Paul Roach. He completed his professional education at the medical department of of the University of New York city, and at the Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia, graduating at the latter institution in 1881. In April of the same year, he -settled at Wellsburg, where he has since met with notable success in the practice of his profession. In politics Mr. Harden is a republican. He is much interested in fraternal organizations, and is a member of the Masonic order, Wheeling chapter, R. A. M., the I. 0. 0. F., Knights of Pythias, and the order of American Mechanics. The doctor was married in September, 1884, to Lou, daughter of John and Martha Cornell, of New Cumberland, W. Va., and they have one child, Marie. One of the well-known residents and farmers of Buffalo. township, Brooke Co., W. Va., is Thomas Hartley. Mr. Hartley was the recipient of a fair education, and began working on a farm when quite young. He now owns one of the best properties in this section of the country, and commands the confidence and esteem of his neighbors. He was born July 12, 1840, in Ohio county, W. Va. Thomas and Alice Jane (Warden) Hartley, his parents, were both natives of Ohio county, W. Va. The former died in the year 1874; the mother was the daughter of Samuel Warden, who lived on Short creek, in Ohio county. They were the parents of nine children, five of them now survive. The children's -names are: Samuel, William, Daniel, John, Thomas, James, Margaret, Nancy and Alice Jane. In November, 1858, he took Ellen Howard to wife. Mrs. Hartley is the daughter of Thomas and Margaret (Snedeker) Howard. She was born February 14, 1841, in Ohio county, W. Va. M. T. M., Samuel McLellan, George W., Harry Warden, Lee Roy, Margaret, Alice, John H., Luela and. Minnie C., are the result of this union. Mr. Hartley has ever been a staunch democrat. Benjamin Harvey, a business man and manufacturer of Wellsburg, was born in Beaver county, Penn:, August 3, 1839, the son of W. H. and Olivia (Dawson) Harvey, both natives of that state. The family has been interested in paper manufacture since the days of the grandfather, Job Harvey, who made paper by hand, a ream and a half being a day's work. W. H. Harvey came to Wellsburg in 1851 and started the flrst paper mill, at that place, and was afterward associated with Samuel George, in the making of flour sack paper. He 618 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. died September 3o, 1877, aged sixty-five years, and his wife died in 1845, aged twenty-seven years. They were years, devout and earnest Christians and their lives and examples are tenderly remembered by their children and friends. Of their five children three are now living, Benjamin being the oldest. He came to Wellsburg with his father, and worked with him until the time of the rebellion. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, Twelfth West Virginia infantry, and served thirty-four months. At the battle of Winchester he was taken prisoner, and he was kept' in Libby prison one night, one night at Castle Thunder, and six weeks at Belle Isle, under fire of the confederate guns. On returning to duty he served in the commissary department of the Eighth corps one year, then in the Twenty-fourth corps until discharged at Richmond, June 17, 1865. He assisted in the issuance of rations to Lee's army at the surrender. After coming home he went to New Castle, Penn., and engaged in the manufacture of flour sack paper until 1873, when he came to Wellsburg and was the foreman for his father and Samuel George until 1876. He and his brother, W. H., then purchased the old straw mill, and did a successful business until. 1884, when the mill they built in 1883 was damaged by the flood, and in 1887 it was blown up. In July, 1885, the Harvey Paper company, a stock concern, was organized, he and his brother, W. H., owning five-sixteenths each. The brother has ,since sold out his interests. The mill produces four tons a day of wrapping paper. Mr. Harvey is an enterprising and responsible business man, and takes an active interest in matters for the good of his community. He is a member of the G. A. R., having been quartermaster for seven years and in politics is a republican. Mr. Harvey was married in 1869, to Mary, daughter of Benjamin and Rhoda (Adams) Leatherberry, who were among the oldest residents of Jefferson county, Ohio. Her grandfather Adams was one of the early flat-boatmen on the Ohio, and was a resident of Jefferson county before the settlement of Steubenville. Her uncle, Henry Adams, now owns a quarter section of land granted to his father for services in the Indian war. Mr. and Mrs. Harvey have five children, Olivia D., Bessie R. (deceased), Harrison C., Florence G. and J. Helen Virginia. C. B. Hedges is a descendant of one of the oldest families of Brooke county, W. Va. He was born on the same farm on which his father was born and which he now operates. His birth occurred April 24, 1830. The parents were Otho and Jemima (Bukey) Hedges. The father was born in the year 1788 and died in 1859; the mother was born about the year 186o on Short creek, Ohio county, W. Va. Mr. Hedges's paternal grandfather was Charles Hedges, a native of Mafyland, where he was born about the year 1752. He came to West Virginia at an early date, being one of its first settlers. His maternal grandfather was John Bukey, of Pennsylvania, and the grandmother was Agnes. Bukey. Otho and Jemima Hedges had six children, three of whom still survive. They are: Rebecca (Bukey), Mary J. (Coleman) and C. B. In the year 1851 Mr. Hedges espoused Hattie Walker,. who was born in Brooke county, W. Va., in the year 1836, THE PAN-HANDLE - 619 the daughter of Montgomery and Jane (Hedges) Walker, both natives of Brooke county, W. Va. Mr. and Mrs. Hedges are the parents of five children: Burton, Jennie W. (Wells), Stella (Dunlap), Mollie J. (Wells), and Lulu (Waddell). Mr. Hedges has always been engaged in farming, in which pursuit he has met with much success, having a very fine farm in the highest state of cultivation. His career has ever been marked by strict integrity, and he has the esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. Arthur Henderson came to this country in the year 1826. He was the father of seven children, named: John, Jane, Matthew, Anne, Mary, James and Thomas. Jane married John Scott, an Irishman by birth. They were the parents of three girls and four boys, of whom, John, Thomas, Robert and Sallie are living. John Scott died in 1876, and his wife in 1850. The only child living of those born to Arthur Henderson, is Anne, now eighty-three years old. She lives in Brooke county, W. Va., where the family have always lived since they emigrated to this country. John, another of the children, married Amy Patterson, by whom he had four children, the two that are living are: Mrs. Davis, residing near Bloomington, Ill., and Arthur, who lives in the same vicinity. Sallie Scott was born August 7, 1850, near Brilliant, Jefferson county, Ohio. In May, 1885, she was united in marriage to H. C. Brenneman, who was a son of Richard and Keziah Brenneman, of Hancock county, W. Va. H. C. Brenneman is one of seven children born to them. Mr. and Mrs. Brenneman are the parents of one child, Mary Anna. Mrs. Brenneman is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and her husband of the Protestant Methodist church. The family is highly respected and widely known throughout the county. H. C. Hervey, a prominent attorney of Wellsburg, was born at that. place, December 8, 1859, of a family which is conspicuous in the history of Brooke county. The ancestors were devoted Presbyterians of Scotland, and at the time of the religious persecutions there they emigrated to county Monahan, Ireland. Thence Henry Hervey, who was born in 1740, came to this country in 1770, and settled, in 1772, in Brooke county. He took up a farm which is still in the possession of his descendants. Soon after reaching America he was married to .Margaret Hutchinson, who came over in the same ship. The home of these pioneers was on the very frontier, and the wife was frequently left for safety in Fort Wells, while the husband went out to work for a week upon his farm. In this fort were born some of their nine children: William, Jane, James, Mary, John, Isabel, David, Margaret and Henry. The parents were among the founders of the Lower Buffalo church (Presbyterian) and their descendants have been notable workers in the same denomination. Henry Hervey died in 1805, and his widow, January 16, 1834. Three of the sons; James, David and Henry became distinguished ministers. David, born October 29, 1794, was graduated at Jefferson college in 1825, was licensed as a minister in 1827, and preached for nearly half a century, organizing the church of Wellsburg. He died in 1881. 620 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. By his marriage to Dorothy Ferris, who died about 1873, aged seventy-two years, he had a large family of children, who were all well-educated, and some of whom attained distinction. One of these, James Hervey, born in Ohio in 1818, became an accomplished lawyer, and was well-known throughout the state as a man of brilliant characteristics, broad culture and great professional. ability. He took an active part, in politics, represented Brooke county in the first constitutional convention of West Virginia; served as representative in the legislature three terms, as prosecuting attorney of Brooke county two terms, and held several minor offices, such as mayor of the town. He died May 1, 1888. He married Nancy, daughter of Edward Smith, a prominent physician who died in 1872, aged about seventy-five years. The latter was an influential man and represented Brooke county in the old Virginia legislature. His wife, whose maiden name was James, died at a comparatively early age. The widow of James Hervey is still living in Wellsburg, venerated by her many relatives and friends. She is a member of the Presbyterian church. Of her nine children, four are living. H. C. Hervey, the sixth born, was educated at Wellsburg, and in youth began the reading of law with his father. In 1883 he embarked upon the practice of law, at which he has since been engaged having an extensive and lucrative practice in this and other counties. He is now serving his second term as prosecuting attorney of the county. As a citizen he is influential and active in aiding all worthy enterprises. Darwin A. Hindman, attorney at law, of Wellsburg, W. Va., was born in Brooke county, October 1, 1858, the son of Evan D. and Jemima (Marsh) Hindman, who were both natives of Brooke county. His father is a prominent farmer and stockman, an enterprising man who takes a keen interest in political matters and is a thorough and practical agriculturist. His mother, who died March 13, 1873, at the age of forty-two years, was a devout member of the Presbyterian church, whose life and influence were a blessing to all who met her. Of the five children of these parents, two daughters, Catherine and Sarah, died in childhood; the three brothers survive; Dr. Samuel J., a physician of Paris, Penn., who was married February 5, 1890, to Jessie Hammond, of Steubenvile, Ohio; Darwin and John A., engaged in farming and school teaching. The subject of this sketch received his early education in the common schools, and then prepared for college at the Paris Collegiate Institute. Entering Washington and Jefferson college in the spring of 1882, he was graduated in June, 1885. He then engaged in teaching and studying law. In the summer of 1886 he taught the Cross Creek Village academy, and by his efficient service did much to establish the school on a firm basis. He continued in this profession, using the latest and most approved methods,, and gaining generally, the approval of his patrons, until August, 1888, when he came to Wellsburg and began the practice of law, having been admitted to the bar in the preceding June. Before this admission he was nominated by the democratic party for prosecuting attorney of the county, but was defeated at the November election. Mr. THE PAN-HANDLE - 621 Hindman is one of the most promising of the young attorneys, and his industry and talent will win for him a bright place in the history of the bar of Brooke county. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and politically a democrat. The Hon. John Hindman was born in Brooke county, W. Va., in 1812. He was a son of John and Margaret (Gardner). Hindman, both West Virginians. Mr. Hindman was occupied in assisting his father to operate their farm and in obtaining an education until about 1831 or 1832, at which time his father exchanged the farm for the mill property now owned by the heirs. Here John learned the trade of milling. Having married Miss Amelia B. Wilcoxon, daughter of Greenberry and Lucy Wilcoxon, natives of Maryland, he moved with his wife to the mill property. Mrs. Hindman was born in 1820, in Brooke county, W. Va. The 'mill was operated very successfully by Mr. Hindman during his life time. His energy and integrity were needed in the public service, and in 1871 he was elected to represent his district in the legislature of West Virginia. He served for two regular terms and also one extra session with great honor to himself and with much benefit to his constituency. His best efforts were specially directed toward the improvement of the schools system, and the betterment of the public highways. As sheriff of Brooke county from 1836 to 1838, he evinced characteristic zeal and efficiency; the office of justice of the peace was also filled by him. Mr. and Mrs. Hindman had four children, all of whom are living and married. They are: Anna L. (Mrs. Hooker), Alfred F., Martin V. and Green-berry W. Mr. Hindman gave his children every opportunity for gaining an education, sending them to the first seminaries and colleges of the state. As a church worker Mr. Hindman threw his influence and money into the common fund of the church of the Disciples, but all movements in the name, and with the spirit of his Master received his hearty co-operation. While walking on the tracks of the Pan-handle railroad he was struck by a freight train and instantly summoned before his God. His memory still lives in the hearts of his children and widow, as well as in the hearts of the community at large. Mrs. Hindman lives with her youngest son, Green-berry, and her life is passing away in peace and contentment. William G. Howard, of Wellsburg, manufacturer of barrels, boxes and general cooperage, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, July 15, 1849. He is the only child of Greenberry and Caroline (Deems) Howard, natives of Ohio, the former of whom, a merchant by occupation, died in 185o, aged twenty-five years, and the latter of whom died in 1849, aged twenty years. After the death of his parents Mr. Howard went to Edwards county, Ill., to make his home with the parents of his mother, who had removed from Barnesville, Ohio, to —Illinois in 1859. He worked there upon the farm until he was fourteen years old, and then engaged in learning carriage making, at Flora, Ill. This occupied him three years, after which he went to St. Louis, and took the position of foreman in the Great Western Barrel works, which he held three years. Subsequently he accom- 622 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. panied a party to Arkansas to get out timber, and on his return came back to Barnesville, where he was sick for several months. Removing then to Bellaire he opened a shop in 1876, and conducted it until 1880, when he came to Wellsburg. Here he has made a success in business, though starting with little capital, and occupies a creditable position among the responsible, enterprising and useful citizens of the county. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, is republican in politics, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Howard was married July 19, 1876, at Bellaire, to Ella, daughter of Thomas and Helena Carroll, pioneers of West Virginia. Her parents had eight children, of whom William S. is the only other survivor. Her father died in 1863, aged thirty-three years, and her mother in 1878, aged fifty-six. Mr. and Mrs. Howard have had three children, Emma Blanche, Carroll J., who died May 23, 1887, and John W. George B. Hudson is one of the prosperous farmers of Brooke county, W. Va. The date of his birth was the year 1825, his birthplace being Waynesburg, Greene Co., Penn. His parents were Rev. Thomas M. and Jane E. (Jackson) Hudson. Mr. Hudson's boyhood was passed at home until he became seventeen years old, when he moved to Brooke county, W. Va. He attended school at Washington, Penn., and elsewhere, for the succeeding four years, at the expiration of which time, having acquired an excellent education, he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church, which was then known as the "traveling ministry." In 1856 he returned to Brooke county and purchased the farm in Cross Creek township where he now resides. Since that time Mr. Hudson has operated his farm, and has also preached to quite a large following. Since 1848 he has been a member of the Pittsburgh Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, and still attends their meetings. In 185o Mr. Hudson married Miss R. A. Scott, a daughter of Robert and Rachel (Gardner) Scott, residents of Brooke county. Jennie, deceased; Ella, Robert M., L. E., G. F., L. S. and W. H. are the children that have come to bless this union. At the close of the late war Mr. Hudson was elected and held for two terms the office of county supervisor. The elder Mr. Hudson, father of the above, was born in Huntingdon county, Penn., in 1799, and entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church early in life, joining the Baltimore conference, of which he was a member until the organization of the Pittsburgh conference, being in the territory of the latter he became a member of it. The Rev. Mr. Hudson was a preacher of much power, having held some of the most important appointments in the gift of his conference. He was located at various times at Wheeling, Pittsburgh, Uniontown and other prominent places. About 1852, having lived a life of great usefulness, he retired to his home in Brooke county, where he passed to his reward in 1881. His last charge was at Bridgeport, Ohio. George Washington Jones is one of sixteen children born to George and Catherine Elizabeth (Crow) Jones. The former came to the THE PAN-HANDLE - 623 state of West Virginia, then Virginia, in a day when the city of Wheeling was composed of few oabins and many Indians. His father was Charles Jones, a native of Maryland, and a soldier in the Revolutionary war. George Jones settled near Buffalo creek and his death occurred there in 1833. Of the sixteen children but two are now living: Samuel and George Washington. George immediately took up the occupation of a farmer after leaving school, and has since oontinued in this pursuit, having met with the most gratifying returns from his labor. October 3, 1843, Eliza Margaret Cook became his wife. She was born March 28, 1822, and is a relative of the famous Capt. Cook, and a daughter of Pardon Cook. Mr. and Mrs. Jones's living children are: Hattie (Snedeker), William G., Elizabeth H., G. P., Jennie A., S. R. G. Simpson and b. F. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are active members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of Cassleman's Run. Mr. Jones voted for William Henry Harrison in the year 1840, and when his grandson, Benjamin Harrison, was the candidate for the presidency of the United States, Mr. Jones had the pleasure of casting his vote for him, this time, however, he was reinforced by the votes of his five sons. The father and his sons are staunch republicans, and the family is one of the oldest and best known in the county. Robert E. Jones, M. D., one of the most eminent physicians in Brooke county, W. Va., is a son of Abraham and Ethelinda (Buchanan) Jones. The father was a native of Brooke county, where he was born in 1815. He died April 3, 1865. The mother was born in Brooke county, where she still lives. These parents had six children, all of them now living: George W., Catharine E. (McCammon), Eliza L. (Hemphill), Albert H., Virginia B. (De France) and Robert E. Dr. Jones was a student in the public schools until his twentieth year. After working on a farm for seven or eight years, during which time he devoted a great part of his time to study, he attended the West Liberty state normal school for two years and then entered Bethany college, from which he was graduated with the degree of B. S., after two years' study, in 1882. He then went to Cleveland and attended a course of lectures in the medical department of the Western Reserve university for two years more. Having completed his medical studies and received the degree of doctor of medicine he returned home and began the practice of his profession. Dr. Jones is a member of the Masonic lodge of Bethany, and is also an ardent supporter of the republican party. He is a very skillful physician and has met with abundant success, being recognized among the first in his profession in the county. As a man he has so lived as to gain the respect of all with whom he comes in contact. Isaac P. Klein, an enterprising business man of Wellsburg, was born in Washington county, Penn., September 25, 1847. He is the son of Adam Klein, a native of Pennsylvania, and a mason by trade, who died in 1851, aged about twenty-eight years, and his wife, Eliza Perrine, a native of Pennsylvania, who is now a resident of Wellsburg. These parents had three children, the subject of this sketch, John, who died 624 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. in infancy, and Maggie A., wife of Alonzo Knox, of Holliday's Cove. Isaac P. Klein was educated in the common schools of Pennsylvania, but has gained his training mainly by business contact with his fellow men. Beginning for himself at the age of fourteen years as a farm laborer, he continued to be thus occupied until twenty-three, when he entered the employment of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis railroad company, as agent. He held this position and studied telegraphy in the meantime until the spring of 188o, when he embarked in merchandise at Wellsburg. A year and a half later he sold out and returned to the railroad, but a year later quit this, though repeatedly requested to remain, and then in 1883, engaged in the life insurance business. Beginning with the Union Central of Cincinnati for six months, he then traveled two years for the Michigan Mutual life company, was afterward two years with the Penn Mutual of Philadelphia, and since then has acted for the Mutual Life of New York, for which he traveled through West Virginia one year. Since August, 1889, he has been engaged in a general life, fire and accident insurance business, at Wellsburg, and has built a large and constantly increasing business. He also acts as agent of the Postal Telegraph and Commercial Cable company. He is one of the live men of the town, and is highly respected. Active also in the Disciple church and in Sunday-school work, he at one time superintended three schools, and is now chorister of the Wellsburg Sunday-school. Mr. Klein was married. July 31, 1873, to Emma J., daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Amspoker, .of Washington county, Penn. They have had four children: Cora G., deceased; Howard A., W. Frank and Ralph E. Alfred and Josephine (Flag) Lauck were the parents of eight children. Those still living are: James, John, .William and Simon. The last named, the subject of this sketch, was born November 28, 1837, in West Liberty, W. Va. He left school when fourteen years of age, to learn the saddlery and harness business. In the spring of 1861, Mr. Lauck entered the service of the government in the army equipment department, and was first stationed at Pittsburgh in the garrison at that place. Subsequently he was transferred to Wheeling, where he remained the remainder of the time, having been in Pittsburgh eighteen months. In May, 1862, he was joined in marriage to Sarah E. Hoffman, the daughter of Henry and Mary (Hayes) Hoffman. She was born August 17, 1842, in St. Clairsville, Ohio. Mr. and ,Mrs. Lauck have four living children, they are: Charles H., Fred H., John T. and Bessie M. The entire family are members of the Disciples church, of Bethany, and are surrounded by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Mr. Lauck is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and is a loyal supporter of the republican political organization. He is now conducting one of the largest saddlery and harness trades in Bethany, W. Va., where he has lived, with the exception of six years, since his tenth year. He is a man of undoubted business tact and ability, and has a reputation for strict integrity in all his dealings. W. B. Lewis was born June 11, 1833, the son of Job and Margaret (Jacobs) Lewis. The father was born in 1806, in Buffalo township,