1550 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Deck and a resident of Sandusky. In the fall of 1849 Mr. Cable came with his little daughter to Sandusky, and securing employment„ with the Mad River Railroad Company he remained with them until in 1852 he became associated with Ben Iceman to furnish the timber for building the Bay Bridge and abutments at Port Clinton. Mr. Iceman was the contractor, and Mr. Cable was made the superintendent of the work, which consumed about one year to complete. In 1853 he again joined the Mad River Railroad Company, and remaining with them until the spring of 1856. he then formed a partnership with Samuel J. Catherman in a contract to build about 2,000 reapers, which were known as the Hero and which had been invented by a Mr. Henderson. In the fall of 1856 the firm secured a contract to macadamize Washington street from Wayne to Franklin streets, and the work was so well performed that there was never a dollar's worth of expense expended on that .part of the street for over forty years. On the completion of this contract the firm dissolved partnership, and in the winter of 1856, associated with John Bricht, Mr. Cable bought the John Bean shoe store and conducted it with his partner until 1867. Then purchasing his partner.'s interest he conducted the store alone until in 1880 he sold it to his two soris,7 Edward J. and Frank L. In the fall of 1872 the Third National Bank was organized,. with Mr. Cable as president and George J. Anderson as cashier, while in 1892 the bank was reorganized and assumed the name of the Third National Exchange Bank, Mr. Cable retaining the presidency, a position which he held until his death on October 16, 1904. During the many years of his residence in Sandusky he performed a noble work in its interests. He was instrumental in obtaining for the city the Lake Shore Railroad, and shortly before his death he bought the Keach home, a beautiful and valuable property, and gave it to the Sisters of Charity for hospital purposes, and which is today, through subsequent additions, a large institution and known as Providence Hospital, a splendid monument to its giver. He was a devout member of the Catholic church. In 1872 Mr. Cable was a second time married, wedding Miss Victoria Stoll, and of the seven children born of that union four are living at the present time : Caroline, the widow of John H. Wagner and a resident of Lorain; Sophia, who died as the wife of William H.Wagner ; Edward J., a business man of Sandusky ; Frank L., another of the business men of Sandusky ; Joseph A., who died in infancy ; Albert J., who died in early manhood ; and Herman N., living in California. This wife died on May 7, 1874, and on November 26, 188o, he was united in marriage with Miss Mena Walter; a daughter of Anthony and Elizabeth (Westrich) Walter, both from Bavaria, Germany. They came to America in their yotith, the father at the. age of twenty and the mother when but thirteen, and they were married in this country and lived for some time in Cincinnati, and afterward moved to Canton, Ohio, and spent the remainder of their lives there. Mrs. Cable yet survives her husband and is living in a beautiful home on Central avenue and Monroe street. MERRITT SEXTON, a native son and a lifelong resident of Erie county, now maintains his home in the city of Sandusky and is living retired. He was born in Berlin township February I, 1838, a son of Martin and Lorenda (Stevens) Sexton. Martin Sexton was born in Somers, Connecticut, in 1799, his father having settled among the colonists there in 1735, and Lorenda Stevens, his wife, was born in Oswego, New York, a member of a family which settled in Vermont during an early period in that commonwealth's history. Martin Sexton came to Erie county, Ohio, in about the year of 1816, settling in Berlin township, and his death occurred in Sandusky county in 1841, from milk sickness. During the winter months he taught school, farming during the remainder of the time, and Mrs. Sexton's father taught the first school in Erie county, but what was then Huron county. Mrs. Sexton survived her husband many years and passed away in 1885. Merritt Sexton, the youngest born of their three children, started upon the battle of life for himself in 185o, working at home, a part of the time and for others the remainder of the time. In 1861 he enlisted in Company G, Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for service in the Civil war, and his first engagement was the battle of Shiloh in April, 1862, where he was wounded by a piece of shell and came near bleeding to death, but he continued on with his regiment and his next engagement was the siege of Corinth and later that of Vicksburg then Jackson, Mississippi, followed by the battle of Nashville and the siege of Spanish Fort. At the battle of Shiloh, the HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1551 first engagement in which his regiment participated, they lost two officers and thirteen men killed, three officers and seventy men wounded, with forty-five men missing, making a total loss of 133 from the original number of 647 men present at the beginning of the engagement. At Guntown on June Jo, 1864, they encountered General Forest, and they lost a great many men in the engagement there through poor management on the part of their captain. Later at Tupelo, Mississippi, they again encountered General Forest and succeeded in causing him a severe loss. Mr. Sexton enlisted as a private, but at the organization of the company he was made the second sergeant and later became ,orderly ser- geant. while later he was commissioned and mustered in as second lieutenant, thence rising to the rank of a first lieutenant, and was subsequently commissioned captain of Company F of his same regiment, the Seventy-second, and thus he continued until the close of the war. Returning then to his home in Erie county he farmed for many years, finally moving to Sandusky and entering the employ of the gas company, with whom he was associated for thirty-three years, and during the past two years lie has lived retired. His marriage on February 22, 1866, to Miss Sarah J. Milner, a daughter of Thoinas and Ann (Bowser) Milner, resulted in the birth of four children, three of whom are living. The elder daughter is married and living in Boston, and the son is traveling. The wife and mother died on November 1o, 1904, leaving the companion of so many years to continue the remainder of life's journey alone. Mr. Sexton cast first and second presidential vote for Lincoln, and he has ever since supported the principles of the Republican party. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. MYRON I. ARMS.—A native son of the fine old Western Reserve who has well upheld the prestige Of a name honored in the civic and industrial history of this favored section of the Buckeye state and who has marked by personal accomplishment a place of his own in connection with economic, industrial and ocial affairs is Myron I. Arms, vice-president of the First National Bank of Youngstown, Mahoning county, and president of the General Fireproofing Company of the same city. He is essentially one of the representative business men of the Western Reserve, is known as a sterling citizen of liberal views and progressive spirit, and is well entitled to consideration in this historical compilation. Myron I. Arms was born in Youngstown, Mahoning county, Ohio, on January 30, 1854, and is a son of Myron I. and Emeline E. Arms, the former of whom was born at Sodus, New York, on September 17, 1822, and the latter was also a native of Sodus, New York, where she was born on September 6, 1830. Myron I. Arms, Sr., was long numbered mong the prominent and influential citizens and business men of the Western Reserve, where he had many important industrial and commercial interests, having been one of the extensive iron manufacturers of this section of the state at the time of the inception of the Civil war. So large and important were his interests that in the earlier years of the war he was thrice compelled to employ substitutes to take his place in the Union ranks, as he found it impossible to find release from the heavy responsibilities resting upon him in connection with his varied business operations. Finally he himself enlisted for service, as a member of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and he practically sacrificed his life in the cause of his country, as he died on September 10, 1864,, as the result of exposure in the field. His cherished and devoted wife survived 'him many years, having been summoned to eternal rest on September 2, 1897. In politics he was a staunch supporter of the cause of the Republican party, with which he united at the time of its organization. He was a man of great productive energy and of inflexible integrity in all the relations of life. He contributed in generous measure to the progress and upbuilding of the Western Reserve, and his name merits an enduring place on the pages of its history. He was a resident of Youngstown from 1846 until his death. Of his six children the two sons and four daughters are living. Myron I. Arms, Jr., the immediate subject of this review, secured his early educational discipline in the public schools of Youngstown, Ohio, where he was reared to maturity. At the age of eighteen years he became incumbent of the position of teller in a banking institution at Youngstown, but later he withdrew from connection with this line of enterprise and became interested in iron manufacturing at Niles, Trumbull county. He is essentially a man of affairs and his interests are now of broad scope and importance. He 1552 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE is one of the principal stockholders of the First National Bank of Youngstown, which city has always been his home, and is the vice-president of this popular and representative financial institution. He was one of the organizers of the General Fireproofing Company, of Youngstown, and has been its president since 19o1. He has other capitalistic interests of importance and as a business man and loyal citizen he has contributed freely and generously to those measures and objects that have tended to conserve the general welfare and prosperity of the community. Though he has had no predilection for entering the &main of "practical politics," Mr: Arms is aligned as a staunch supporter of the principles and policies for which the Republican party stands sponsor, and both he and his wife are zealous members of the Press byterian church. Their spacious and attractive home at 639 Wick avenue is a recognized center of gracious hospitality and they are closely identified with the best social activities of their home city. On November 2, 1887, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Arms to Miss Almira Hitchcock, who was born and reared in Youngstown, Ohio, and who is a daughter of the late William J. Hitchcock, a representative citizen of Youngstown at the time of his death. Mr. and Mrs. Arms have one child, Alrnira. THE DOLLAR SAVINGS &. TRUST COMPANY, of Youngstown, one of the two principals in this dual institution, of which A. E. Adams is president, was incorporated March 29, 1887, with an authorized capital stock of $100,000, which was increased to $300,000 on January io, 1896 ; to $500,000 August 15, 1901 ; to $1,000,000 February 5, 1903, and to $1,500,000 May 15, 1906. It was authorized to act as a trust company on June 30, 1898. Its first president was John I. Williams, who served until February 2, 1903, when he was succeeded by A. E. Adams. Hon. George F. Arrel and Louis Gluck were the first vice-presidents, and David E. Davis, the first secretary and treasurer. In 1896 John C. Wick and Henry M. Garlick were elected vice-presidents ; A. E. Adams, secretary, and David E. Davis, treasurer. In 1900 A. E. Adams was elected secretary and treasurer, and E. Mason Wick, assistant secretary. On February 22, 1903, the People's Savings & Banking Company was merged with the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, and on that date A. E. Adams was elected president of the consolidated bank ; E. Mason Wick, secretary ; R. P. Hartshorn, treasurer ; Paul H. McElevey, assistant treasurer, and E. W. Ritchie. assistant secretary. On July 11, 1906, the Wick National Bank was merged with the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, when Charles J. Wick was elected cashier and E. H. Hosmer, assistant cashier of the consolidated bank. On May 15, 1909, the Wick Brothers Trust Co. was united with the Dollar Savings & Trust Company and its business consolidated with the trust department of the latter, the officers of the Wick Brothers Trust Company taking charge of the trust business of the consolidation. The People's Savings & Banking Company, the first bank merged with the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, was opened for business August 1, 1900, with an authorized capital of $300,000, of which $150,000 was paid in. Its officers were : J. H. Fitch, president ; George L. Fordyce and H. M. Robinson, vice-presidents ; R. P. Hartshorn, secretary and treasurer, and E. W. Ritchie, assistant treasurer. At the time of its consolidation with the Dollar Savings & Trust Company it had deposits amounting to $615,000. The Wick National Bank, the second to merge with the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, was the successor of Wick Brothers & Company. This firm began business in 1857, and was composed of H. B. Wick and Paul Wick. Martin Bentley was the first cashier. He was succeeded by Thomas H. Wilson, now vice-president of the First National Bank of Cleveland, who, acted as cashier for twenty-seven years. The capital stock of Wick Brothers & Company was $150,000. The Wick National Bank, successor to Wick Brothers & Company, was incorporated in 1894 with a capital stock of $300,000, which was afterward increased to $500,000. John C. Wick was elected president ; Myron C. Wick, vice-president : Charles T. Wick, cashier, and E. H. Hosmer, assistant cashier. These officers continued in office until the consolidation. The Wick Brothers Trust Company was an institution organized in 1908, with a capital stock of .$125,00o and was equipped especially for the trust business as distinguished from general banking. The officers were: Thomas L. Robinson, president ; Myron C. Wick and George D. Wick, vice-presidents, and Paul H. McElevey, secretary and treasurer. The of- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1553 ficers remained the same until the merger with the trust department of the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, at which time these officers became associated with the larger institution. In its twenty years of independent life the Dollar Savings & Trust Company made for itself a record seldom equaled in banking history. In this period it grew froin the smallest to the largest bank in its district, and opened more accounts than there were people in its home city. At the end it had on its books more open accounts in proportion to the population of the district from which it draws its business than any other bank in the United States. Its assets exceeded nine millions. On July 1, 19437, the most important of the series of unions which brought this dual banking institution into existence took place. On that date the capital of the First National Bank was increased to $1,500,000 to make it equal to that of the Dollar Savings & Trust, Company. and the two institutions, each preserving its respective title and charter and separate entity, were brought under combined ownership and management and became one institution. The plan under which this olUal union was effected is in spirit the same as that which was first adopted several years ago, and is still followed successfully by the First National Bank and First Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago, but it differs from that plan in several particulars, and has been said by the comptroller of the currency, to whom it was first submitted, to be a substantial improvement. It provides in substance that stockholders shall hold equal number of shares in each bank and shall elect the same directors for each ; and, further, that these directors on their part shall elect the same officers for each, in so far as this is practicable. Each bank must keep its funds and securities,separate and publish separate statements, but beyond this they are operated as one institution. They are both subject to federal government inspection. In order to bind this dual institution the banks at this same time organized a third corporation, The Union Safe Deposit Company. This company has a capital of $100,000, all owned by the banks themselves. Its officers are : W. P. Arms, president ; Thomas L. Robinson, vice-president ; E. Mason Wick, secretary, and Perry B. Owen, manager. It acts as trustee for the stockholders of the two banks, and in addition, as its name indicates, conducts a safe deposit business. It owns and operates one of the four heaviest armor plate vaults in the world, and is for practical purposes the safe deposit department of the dual banking institution. From this brief historical sketch it will appear that behind this dual institution are the records of several of Youngstown's oldest and strongest banks, and that within it are combined substantially all of the influences, qualities and financial strength to which are traceable the earlier successes of its several predecessors. Its total banking strength reaches well toward the twenty million mark, and in this particular it outranks all the other banks of cities of twice Youngstown's size in the country. Its combined capital, including surplus and profits, exceeds five millions, and in this it outranks ninety-nine per cent of all the other banks of the country wherever located. The directors of both banks are as follows : A. E. Adams, M. I. Arms, Warner Arms, Robert Bentley, C. H. Booth, B. F. Boyd, J. A. Campbell, R. E. Cornelius, M. E. Dennison, J. H. Fitch, George L. Fordyce, H. M. Garlick, Richard Garlick, R. P. Hartshorn, C. D. Hine, Frank Hitchcock, Porter Pollock, H. M. Robinson, Thomas L. Robinson, H. H. Stambaugh, John Stambaugh, R. C. Steese, Isaac Strouss, John Tod, Jonathan Warner, Charles J. Wick, George D. Wick, Henry Wick,. ohn C. Wick, and Myron C. Wick. The officers of the Dollar Savings & .Trust Company are : A. E. Adams; president ; John C. Wick, H. M. Garlick, H. H. Stambaugh, R. P. Hartshorn, Charles J. Wick, and M. E. Dennison, vice-presidents ; Thomas L. Robinson, vice-president and trust officer ; E. Mason Wick, secretary and treasurer ; E. H. Hosmer, cashier ; Paul ,H. McElevey, assistant trust officer ; Dennick M. Wick, assistant secretary ; F; C. Brown, manager of East Federal street branch, and L. B. Burger, manager of foreign department. The officers of the First National Bank H. M. Garlick, .president ; A. E. Adams, first vice-president; M. I. Arms, M. C. Wick, H. M. Robinson, M. E. Dennison, Charles J. Wick, and R. P. Hartshorn, vice-presidents ; R. E. Cornelius, cashier, and John R. Rowland, assistant cashier. The officers of The Union Safe Deposit Company : W. P. Arms, president ; Thomas 1554 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE L. Robinson, vice-president ; E. Mason Wick, secretary and treasurer, and Perry B. Owen, manager. ASEAL E. ADAMS, president of the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, whose history has been given, is one of the representative business men of Youngstown and has been identified with that strong financial institution since 1895. He is a native of Cleveland, Ohio, born October 25, 1867, son of Comfort and Catherine (Peticolas) Adams. His father was a leading merchant of Warren, Ohio, for a number of years, but spent the later period of his life in Cleveland. As one of four children Aseal E. was, reared and educated in that city, pursuing his higher studies in the Case School of Applied Science. During a large part of his mature life he was engaged in an abstract business at Cleveland, continuing it after coming to Youngstown in 1893 until called to the presidency of the Dollar Savings & Trust Company in 1895. This institution has a capital of $1,500,000. The large capital represented and the prominence of its officers have done much to sustain confidence in the bank, while its honorable methods and prompt business dealings have made it justly popular. In political belief its president is a Republican, and fraternally he is identified with the Elks. Mr. Adams was married to Miss Anna J. Shook, of Youngstown, whpse father, Silas Shook, is one of the leading citizens of that place. They have two children, Aseal E., Jr., and Comfort A., and the parents belong to the Westminster Presbyterian church. The family home is located on the corner of Fifth avenue and Broadway. ORLANDO S. BLACKNEY has enrolled his name among the progressive agriculturists of Denmark township, and he has been identified with the interests of Ashtabula county. for many years. He was born, however.. at Ferrysburg, N. Y., September 15, 1852, and his parents, Lewis P. and Katherine (Rugg) Blackney, were also born in that state, the father in 1814 and the mother in 1834. But both are now deceased, Lewis P. Blackney dying in 1896, and his wife Katherine ten years before, in 1886. The son Orlando came to Ashtabula county, Ohio, in 1867, and he has been a life long farmer. His first work here was clearing forty-five acres of his present estate, which now includes ninety-one acres, and he also has city prop- erty, including a residence and lot in Jefferson and residence property in Andover. He has served Jefferson township for seven years as the president of its school board, and he is active in the local councils of the Republican party. Mr. Blackney married in 1872 Miss Mary March, and their children are: Lewis D., who was born in 1875, married Sadie Wood and lives in Ashtabula county ; Bert E., born in 1877, married Nora Willy and lives in Missouri; and Mabel M., who was born in 1879, married Joe Shenant and lives in Jefferson. Mr. Blackney married for his second wife Mrs. Betch Brown. GEORGE H. SPITLER has been identified with the agricultural interests of Ashtabula county during his entire life, and he was born in a little log cabin just west of his present home on June 27, 1874. John Spitler, 'his paternal great-grandfather, was the first of the family in the Western Reserve, and coming to Trumbull county, Ohio, then in the midst of a wilderness, he bought 200 acres from the Connecticut Land Company, improved the place, and spent the remainder of his life there, dying in about the year of 1856. Among his children was a son Absalom, who was born in Shenandoah county, Virginia, July 7, 1803. He was educated in the German schools of his native state, and was reared on a farm, but later took up mining and work in the foundries. Coming to Ohio with his father he bought his sister's share of inherited land, and with his own share of 100 acres of the estate became the owner of a 200-acre farm, but about 1864 he left that property and moved to a nearby place, his home until his death in 1889. Absalom married Sarah Bower, also from Virginia,. and of their thirteen children ten grew to years of maturity. Absalom was a member of the Baptist church, a Democrat politically and later a Republican. His wife Sarah was of the German Lutheran church, and she died in 1885. Noah Spitler was one of the sons of that family, and he was born in Bristol township. Trumbull county, Ohio, September 30, 1832, and he was educated in its district schools. Coming to Ashtabula county in 1859 he bought sixty acres of timber land here, and finally became the owner of eighty-five acres. where he raised stock and followed general farming. The little log cabin on the place   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1555 finally gave way to a new and more modern residence, and he kept adding to the improvements of the farm until it became a good homestead. He served his township many years as a trustee, was also a school director and a supervisor, and was among the first to start the movement for the Rowenton post-office. He supported the principles of the Republican party, and during the Civil war he served with Company H, One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Volunteer Infantry, for four years. He died on June 16, 1908. On January 1, 1859, Noah Spitler married Esther Ann Sherman, who was born August 19, 1836, a daughter of Albert and Sarah Sherman, who died, respectively, in 188o and in 1865. Mrs. Spitler was a dressmaker during a number of years, and later she became the manager of a dairy. She is now living with her son George. Three children were born of their marriage, and the eldest,, Willard L., horn February 13, 1861, married Ida Mahaney and has served as a railroad engineer and in other positions on the Pennsylvania road. Their two children are Bessie and Ira. Allie S., the only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Spitler, was born August 14, 1869, and married first George Phelps, a widower with two children, and second Philo B. Waters, a contractor. They reside in Geneva. George H. Spitler, the third child, received a district school training in his home community and a complete course in the Rock Creek High School. He conducted a barber shop near his home until April 4, 1908, and he has held many public offices, including supervisor, constable, school director, justice of the peace and a membership on the school board. He ha§ served as the secretary and treasurer of the Sentinel, Rowenton and Lenox Telephone Company. He was .one of the organizers of that company, the first independent telephone company of this community, and he is one of its stockholders. He owns seventy acres of land, where he follows a general line of farming and also keeps a number of cattle. He married on March 1, 1905, Ida Franz, who was born at Canton, Ohio, August 7, 1879, a daughter of Joseph and Anna (Anelius) Franz, and one of their eight children, namely : George, a printer in Canton ; Ida, the wife of Mr. Spitler ; Mame, who married Brant Zeigler and has one child ; Earl, a printer ; Louisa, employed in Kenny Brothers' store in Canton ; Vincent, an electrician ; Joseph, in school in Canton ; and Anna. The two children born to Mr. and Mrs. Spitler are : Doris, born January 14, 1906, and Lanta, July 14, 1908. Mr. Spitler is affiliated with the Republican party, and is prominent in the local order of Masons. He is also quite proficient as a violinist. Mrs. Spitler is a member of the English Catholic church at Canton. EDMUND H. ZURHORST.—Among the substantial and sturdy citizens of Sandusky whose manifold activities have always had their birth in the highest of motives, and whose abilities have been directed toward those objects most worthy of true American manhood, none stands upon a more noble eminence than Edmund H. Zurhorst. As a youth, with several years' experience in the lake and ocean marine, he- served the Union cause in the navy of the United States, and at the conclusion of the Civil war returned to the city in which he had been reared from his early boyhood. There he so entered into its business and commercial life that he became a power in the conduct and development of leading railroads, banks and commercial enterprises. At the same time he earnestly assumed the duties of commendable citizenship, and threw his strong and, straightforward influence on the side of a businesslike administration of public affairs, supporting those Republican policies which he deemed most conducive to the wet"- fare of all classes. The result was the attainment of an unusual position in the community; firmly and broadly based upon the confidence both of the leaders of business and of Republican affairs. During the years of his political activity. Mr. Zurhorst was a warm personal friend and .an unflagging supporter of John Sherman, William McKinley, Charles 'Foster, Joseph B. Foraker' and Marc Hanna, both in their state and national campaigns. As a political leader he has always been shrewd and aggressive, but fair and outspoken in his methods and conduct. Ohio politics has been notable for variety and strenuosity, and there is no state in the Union, unless it be Indiana, in which the Republican party has been so often split into factions as Ohio. In these contests, upon which the national success of the party has several times pivoted, Mr. Zurhorst has been a recognized leader. As chairman of the Republican county central committee and of the county executive committee, he 1556 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN, RESERVE has repeatedly directed the campaign of Erie county, one of the most important political sections of the entire state. One of the bitterest fights which he has ever led in Erie county to a successful issue was that which was waged around his friend, the late Senator M. A. Hanna. He bravely stood the brunt of many attacks directed at his chief and continued as his ever faithful and successful champion and did what his opportunities afforded him for the former's ambitions in public life. Edmund H. Zurhorst has for several. years been engaged in so many important and diyersifiedb industries that, he gives but little of his time to any one in particular other than in an advisory way. He is a native of Montreal, Canada, where he was born on June i8, 1845, and is a son of William H. and Lettisa (McKenna) Zurhorst. His father was born in London, England, coming to the Dominion during middle life and taking up his abode in Montreal. In 1849, with his family, he removed to Sandusky, where he engaged in the manufacture of upholstering goods and passed his last years. The son had entered the high school course at Sandusky when, at the age of. fourteen, family circumstances made it necessary for him to discontinue his education. Thereupon he secured employment on .a lake boat -and was a sailor on fresh water for about a year. In his sixteenth year he shipped before the mast and crossed the ocean, and at the age of nineteen, or in 1864, joined the United States navy and served for the remainder of the Civil war as seaman and surgeon's steward. This added experience, with his years spent on both fresh and salt waters, directed his attention to the marine business, and eventually he built, owned and operated two steamers on the great lakes. Mr. Zurhorst also became interested in the Marblehead Lime Company of Sandusky, and in 1887, whenn he disposed of his interests in it, its business was exceeded in bulk by few concerns of the kind in the United States. He was the original secretary and the chief promoter of the Sandusky & Columbus Shortline Railroad (now the Columbus, Sandusky & Hocking), and he was also one of the most active directors of the construction company which built the line. For many years he served as general agent of the Columbus, Sandusky & Hocking Railroad, with headquarters at Sandusky. Among the numerous other Sandusky institutions of note with which Mr. Zurhorst has been identified are the C. C. Keech Company, dealers in hides and pelts ; Second National Bank, of which he is a stockholder and director ; Emma Coal Company, whose mines are in Jackson county ; Sandusky Construction Company (secretary), and Sandusky Improvement and Investment Company, and Mansfield Short Line Railway Company, of which he was a director and secretary. Mr. Zurhorst as chairman of the harbor committee of the Chamber of Commerce of Sandusky was instrumental in bringing about the assistance from congress, which is improving, the Sandusky harbor and the project now being developed. Besides the political offices already noted he has held those of assistant United States weigher in the New York custom house, under President Arthur's administration, deputy collector of internal revenue for the northern district of Ohio, and collector of customs for the Sandusky, Ohio, district. On September 23, 1874, Mr. Zurhorst was united in marriage with Miss Hattie W. Keech, daughter of C. C. Keech, a well known pioneer business man of Sandusky. His wife ,died January 29, 1890, leaving three children: Christopher C., William K. and Mary L. The son, William K. Zurhorst, died October 28, 1902, as a result of disabilities received in the Spanish-American war. The young man saw service as a member of Company B, Sixth Regiment, United States Infantry, and his death in 1902 was deeply regretted by his army comrades and numerous Sandusky friends, while to his father it was one of the hardest blows of his life. Christopher C., the eldest son, was married November 24, 1908, to Miss Florence Kell, and is a substantial business man of Columbus, Ohio. Mary Louise, the only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edmund H. Zurhorst, is the wife of Harry Sykes Mitchell, of Kewanee, Illinois, to whom she was married June 4, 1908. Mr. Zurhorst, of this sketch, is a thirty-second degree Mason in the Scottish rite, being also a member of all the bodies of the York rite, including the commandery. He is a noble of the Mystic Shrine and a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was reared under the influences of the Protestant Episcopal church. Without making any undue pretensions, he is always ready and able to defend his principles as a fraternalist and a church member, and his HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1557 daily life is in conformity with the benevolent and religious tenets to which he has subscribed. JOHN WHITWORTH.—In the death of John Whitworth, Sandusky lost one of its oldest, best known and most valued citizens. Many business enterprises here owe their excellence and progress largely to his influence, and what he did for his fellow citizens and for Sandusky in his far-reaching influence cannot be told. Born in Paterson, New Jersey, in 1852, to the marriage union of Jonathan and Nancy (Watwork) Whitworth, natives of England, he came with them to Sandusky in 1854 and received his early educational training in its city schools. His parents on coming to this country from England settled in Paterson, New Jersey, and after coming to Sandusky the father worked at his trade of machinist in the shops of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company up to the time of his retirement. At the age of fifteen young John Whitworth began clerking in a grocery store, and some time later entered the old co-operative store at the present site of the Wagner grocery house, while shortly afterward he began business for himself, forming at that time the partnership of Whitworth and Free, which later became Whitworth and Quinn. In 1892, after a long and successful career in the grocery business, Mr: Whitworth retired there from to become identified with the American Crayon Company, which had plants in both Sandusky and in Waltham, Massachusetts, and he was honored by the company by being chosen one of its directors and its treasurer, while later he became the company's general manager, and in that capacity gave the greater part of his time and attention until his death. He was a director and the president of the Commercial National Bank, was at one time the vice-president of the old National Bank, and in September of 1902, when the commercial bank was organized, taking over the Second and the Moss National Banks, Mr. Whitworth was chosen the president of the new financial institution, and under his guidance it has withstood the test of time, successfully weathering all financial storms and is now one of the solid banking houses of northern Ohio. Mr. Whitworth was also one of the organizers and the president of the Sandusky Building and Loan Association, and a director of the Sandusky Telephone Company. He was an active member of the Chamber of Commerce, serving it well and faithfully for many years. In July of 1889 he was married to Miss Carrie Curtis, a daughter of W. D. and Caroline E. (Cowdery) Curtis, and two daughters, Mary and Millicent, and a son, John Whitworth, Jr., blessed their marriage union. john Whitworth, the father, may well be classed among the builders of Sandusky, .always safe and conservative, but nevertheless one of the town's most progressive citizens. His home life was beautiful in its purity, and he was loved by his family and honored by his friends. WILLIAM H. GILCHER.—Many years have passed since the Gilcher family became identified with Sandusky, and the name has since become distinguished in its annals and stands at the head of many of its leading enterprises. It was the birthplace of William H. Gilcher on July 2, 1843, and his parents were Peter and Christina B. , (Boos) Gilcher. Peter Gilcher settled here on arriving from his native land of Germany in 1832. He was by trade a carpenter, but later turned his attention to the lumber business and in time became one of the most prominent representatives of that line of trade in Sandusky. He was also one of the founders of the city's water works system and served as the trustee of its board for some time, and was also one of the founders of .the Third National Bank and its vice-president from the time of its organization. He belonged to what is yet known as the Peter Gilcher church, he having been for many years one of its leading members. He left the impress of his forceful individuality upon many lines of progress and improvement in the city of Sandusky, and in his death in 1877 one of its most honored pioneers and substantial and revered citizens was laid to rest. His wife survived him but two years, dying in 1879. Two of their ten children died in infancy, and five are vet living. William H. Gilcher became familiar with the lumber business in his early youth, and when he reached the age of maturity he formed a partnership with his father, and in 1868 R. E. Schuck was admitted to the firm, the name since continuing as Gilcher and Schuck. In 1892 J. E. Schuck, a son of R. E., was also admitted and he died in 1908. The elder Mr. Schuck died in 1910. William H. Gilcher has proved a worthy successor to his father, both 1558 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE in business and in public life. He has been identified with many of the leading industries of Sandusky, was during one term the treasurer of Portland township, was for a time a director in the Norwalk Electric Company and president of the White Line Electric Company, was at one time vice-president of the Cedar Point Resort Company and is a director in the Third National Bank. He has been a life-long supporter of the principles and policies of the Republican party, and is a charter member of the Sandusky lodge of Elks and a member of the Episcopal church. In 1868 Mr. Gilcher married Tinnie Rosenbaum, a daughter of Frederick and Harriet Rosenbaum, from Prussia, Germany. Mrs. Gilcher died in 189o, after becoming the mother of four children, and two 'daughters and a son are yet living. Mr. Gilcher married for his second wife in 1902 Miss Julia Stinson, from Ashtabula, Ohio. EBENEZER ANDREWS, the son of John and Lydia Andrews, was born at Greensfarms,. Connecticut, on the 3oth day of April, 1795. He was fitted for college at Fairfield Academy, Connecticut, and graduated at Yale in 1817. After teaching for a time at Louisville; Kentucky, he studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and on April 30, 1823, was admitted. to the Connecticut bar, and in July, .1824, to the bar of Ohio. He lived for some time at Elyria, Ohio,: and finally settled. at Milan, this state, where he passed many years in successful legal practice. In 1852 he was elected probate judge of Erie county, and in 1855 he was engaged in the banking and shipping business on the lakes, having had in earlier years an interest in the steamboats "George Washington" and "Sheldon Thompson," among the firsr on . those waters. He had the agency, from Connecticut owners of fire lands, of large tracts of . land in Florence and Wakeman and in Huron and Erie counties, then known as parts of the "Western Reserve." Ebenezer Andrews was married in August, 1825, to Miss Rachel Hyde, who was born June 13, 1802, a daughter of Joseph Hyde, of Greensfarms, Connecticut, and granddaughter of Ebenezer Jesup, of Westport, Connecticut. Her grandfather, Dr. Jesup, a graduate at Yale in the class of 1760, was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army and served as a representative of the government to negotiate one of the Indian treaties at Detroit, Michigan. He was a man of unusual ability as well as of substantial prosperity. Rachel Hyde was educated at Fairfield Academy, Connecticut. She moved to Ohio soon after her marriage and resided the greater portion of her wedded life at Milan, Ohio, where she died August 13, 1881. She was a woman of great energy and resolution, well fitted to move in the society of cultured people, or, if need be, to meet the hardships of pioneer life. In 1861 Ebenezer Andrews moved with his family to Chicago and there added to his banking and shipping business that of real estate. He died in Chicago, April 28, 1864, and was taken for interment to his native place, Greensfarms, Connecticut. The deceased was an able, quiet, self-contained and upright Christian man, a Republican in politics and not at a loss to define his position when asked. He was a positive man, yet ready always to give a well-matured reason for his convictions on any subject; fond of reading and well informed on all general subjects ; one who showed to the last the refining and broadening effects of a university education, and who was therefore charitable in his intellectual and moral judgment of others. Ebenezer and Rachel Andrews left two sons and two daughters, who inherited much real estate in Chicago. Rachel Augusta, the eldest child, born at Milan, Ohio, July 9, 1834, became the wife of Dr. Benjamin Andrews and died at Brooklyn, New York, June 10, 1899. Joseph Hyde was born in Milan, November 18, 1835, graduated at Yale University in 1859 and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1861. He was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati and Chicago in the following year and was prominently engaged in commercial activities in the latter city. He died in Chicago on the 11 th of December, 1906. Ebenezer Andrews, the third child and second son, was born on the 21st of July, 1837, graduated at Yale University in 1861 and studied law in New Haven, Connecticut. He resided in Chicago for a number of ,years and died at Milan, Ohio, November 18, 1896. Eleanor, the youngest of the children, was born in Milan, on the 21st of February, 184o. She graduated at Maplewood Institute, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1859, and lived in Chicago for some years thereafter. W. D. CURTIS.—During many years Mr. W. D. Curtis has been an active factor in HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1559 the industrial interests of Sandusky and through his diligence, perseverance and splendid business ability he has assisted M. F. and J. S. Cowdery in building up one of the largest industries of its kind in the world. As the head of the American Crayon Company his name has become too well known to need introduction to the readers of this volume, for his fame in this connection is not even confined by the bounds of his native land. W. D. Curtis in 1869, with his brothers-in-law, M. F. and John S. Cowdery, both now deceased, conceived the idea of making crayon for school purposes, and began experimenting toward that end in the kitchen of his home. The experiments proving successful and realizing the great future for the industry, they located in a small building on Columbus avenue and began the manufacture of crayon in a small and crude way, but from the very beginning there was a demand for their product and they soon found it neces sary to enlarge their quarters, so they erected a building on Hayes avenue, extending back to Prospect street. The company at that time was known as the Western School Supply Company. In time they succeeded in making many advancements, as well as improvements in molds and machinery, and gradually they began manufacturing a variety of crayons, which they shipped to all parts of the United States. Their plant was destroyed by fire in 1900, but undaunted by the loss they soon rebuilt on their present site, Hayes avenue, across the Lake Shore tracks, .and the factory is now the largest factory of its kind in the world, and it is equipped with the most modern machinery and molds used in the business, the molds being the inventions of Mr. L. L. Curtis and of his brother, H. J. Curtis, now deceased. The brothers were familiar with the business in its every department, and in addition to the various grades and kinds of crayons in use in the world today they also manufacture all the different grades and kinds of water colors, manufacturing all their own boxes and crates, sawing the lumber from the rough logs, and generate their own electricity for lighting the plant and operating their machinery. The American Crayon Company is capitalized at $500,000, and is conducted under a managing board, of which L. L. Curtis is president, chairman- and manager, A. M. Spore, the secretary and treasurer, and B. E. Taylor, the vice-president. H. J. Curtis and M. F. Vol. III-19 Cowdery, two of the original members of the corporation, are deceased, the former dying in 1901. Mr. Cowdery was for twenty-five years the superintendent of schools for Sandusky. J. S. Cowdery is also deceased. Mr. L. L. Curtis was born in Lake county, Ohio, in 1852, where his paternal grandfather, Ezra S. Curtis, a native of Montgomery county, this state, had located in an early day, and he spent the residue of his life in Lake county. W. D. Curtis, his son and one of the fathers .of the Sandusky manufacturer, was born in Orleans county, New York, in 1824. During the Civil war he enlisted ,for service with Company D, One Hundred and Fifth. Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in 1862, and participated in the battles of Richmond and Perryville, remaining in active service about one year. In 1863 he was placed in the medical purveyor's department and transferred from Louisville to Nicholasville, Kentucky, but after about a year was ordered back to Louisville and placed in charge of the eruptive hospitals, remaining there until the close of the war, and he was mustered out on July 4, 1865, returning then to Sandusky. In Lake county, Ohio, in 1851, Mr. Curtis married Caroline E. Cowdery, born in Cattaraugus county, New York, in 1829, and they continued to reside in Lake county until coming in 1866 to Sandusky, where they have ever since resided, honored pioneer residents of the city. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Curtis : L. L. Curtis, president of the Crayon works ; H. J. Curtis, deceased ; Carrie, the widow of John Whitworth ; Mary, wife of Judge P. C. Price, of Ashland, Kansas ; and Carl C. A., resident of Pasadena, California. DR. ADDISON M. CLARK has been actively engaged in practice at Youngstown for nearly thirty years, and is widely known in his private capacity as a physician and surgeon as well as for the effectiveness of his hospital work. The doctor was born in Washington bounty, Pennsylvania, and in 1877 graduated as a Bachelor of Science from Washington and Jefferson College. He then entered the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, completing his studies and receiving his medical degree in March, 1880. After one year of practical work in the Western Pennsylvania Hospital at Pittsburg, Dr. Clark came to Youngstown, where he practiced alone until 1890, when he was associated for one year with Dr. H. A. Zimmerman. In 1900 1560 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE he formed the present partnership with his nephew, Dr. C. R. Clark, who is also a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, and since 1904 Dr. J. A. Sherbondy has been a member of the firm. The latter graduated in 1902 at the Western Reserve University, Cleveland. The firm conduct the medical and surgical work for the Pittsburg and Lake Erie Railroad, and Dr. Addison Clark is one of the surgeons of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. Dr. Clark is a thirty-iecond degree Mason and an Elk, and is also identified with the Youngstown and Mahoning Golf Clubs, and the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. He was one of the prime movers in the founding of the Youngstown City Hospital, and spent much of his time in soliciting funds for the same, with the result that the city possesses one of the most complete and best conducted institutions of that kind in the state. In October, 1887, Dr. Clark was married to Reinette Ford, of Albany, New York, and they have two children, Margery and Edward Ford, the latter of whom is a student at Hotchkiss, Connecticut. JAMES D. LEA.—During the pioneer epoch in the history of Sandusky the Lea family was founded in its midst, and the name has since been prominently associated with many of its lines of progress. James Davis Lea, born on July 21, 1817, in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, on Pine Creek near the Jersey shore, came to Sandusky in 1840. He was a product of Milan College, and for a number of years after coming to Ohio he taught school in Perkins township and worked at the carpenter's trade during the summer months. He continued do as a carpenter until in 1845, when he embarked in the lumber business, and while thus engaged he was associated at different times with Louis Moss, Frank G. Sloane and with the firm of Lea, Herbert and Company. In 1897 Mr. Lea sold his interest in the lumber business, and thereafter lived retired until his death on January 8, 1901. His name was enrolled among the pioneers of Sandusky, among its builders and among its influential and honored citizens. In 1842 James D. Lea had married Caroline Mackey, and of the six 'children which blessed their marriage union three are yet living. He affiliated with the Democratic party and was prominent in local Masonic circies, affiliating with Science Lodge, with Sandusky City Chapter, Sandusky Council and Erie Commandery. Lewis M. Lea, the first of the six children born to James D. and Caroline Lea, his birth occurring in 1843, received his educational training in the Sandusky schools. At the age of twenty he enlisted in the Civil war, serving for 118 days with Company B, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and received an honorable discharge from the army at the close of that period. In 1866 he embarked in the jewelry business on Columbus avenue, near Water street, and from there moved to his present location on Columbus avenue; near Market street, where he has one of the largest and best stocked jewelry stores in the city. He, too, has become prominent in local Masonic circles and is a member of Science Lodge of Sandusky City Chapter, Sandusky City Council, Erie Commandery and of Toledo Consistory. He is also affiliated with the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rites, and has been honored with the highest degree in Masonry and was grand master of the Grand Council, R. & S. M., of the state of Ohio, in 1904, and Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Ohio in 1908. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, of the Elks and of ,the Maccabees fraternities, of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the Republican party. In 1867 Mr. Lea married Miss Helen Cady, and the two sons of this union are Lewis W. and James Davis Lea. VOLNEY WILSON.—An intelligent and. enterprising citizen, taking an active interest in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the community in which he resides, Volney Wilson, of Pierpont township, Ashtabula county, holds an assured position among the thriving agriculturists of this part of the Reserve, and is .carrying on mixed husbandry after the most approved modern methods. A son of. Joseph WiLson, he was born, August 23, 1834, in Loinrook township, Ashtabula county, Ohio. Born in 1802, in Ontario county, New York, Joseph Wilson died in Dorset, Ashtabula county, Ohio, in November, 1874, aged seventy-two years. In 1818, a boy of sixteen years, he migrated to Ashtabula county. Industrious, capable and determined, he labored with a determination that knew not the word failure, and in the years that ensued became extensively engaged in the manufacture of HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1561 lumber, an industry that he carried on successfully thirty-five years. He owned several mills, all of which he built himself, and operated them by water power. A stanch abolitionist, he was an active worker in the underground railway, his house being one of the stations, and was a charter member of the "Black String Society," an organization formed to save John Brown, Jr., son of "Ossawattomie" Brown, from the United States marshal, who was trying to capture him when fleeing from Harper's Ferry, the badge of the society being a black string. Joseph Wilson married, in Green, Trumbull county, Ohio, Persis Sloan, who was born about i8i6, and died in 1864. Eight children were born to their union, as follows: Volney, the special subject of this sketch ; Seth, a lawyer, born in Ohio, in July, 1836, died in 1866, in Nebraska ; Rhoda, born in 1838, now , a widow, living in Jefferson, Ohio,'Married first William Ives, and married second W. P. Young; Maria, born in 184o, died in Clarksville, Michigan ; Persis, born in 1842, is the wife of P. G. Smith, of Grand Rapids, Michigan; Harriet, born in 1844 ; Mary, born in 1848, and Julia, born in 1850; the last three are deceased. Brought up in Ashtabula county, Volney Wilson assisted his father both on the farm and in the mill, becoming familiar as a youth with both lines of industry. On August 14, 1861; he enlisted in Company A, Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, having the distinction of being the very first man to enlist in that regiment, and served until the expiration of his term of enlistment, when, in 1863, he re-enlisted, and served until the close of the war. With his comrades he was in the thickest of many important battles. His. regiment suffered severe losses, starting out bravely with one hundred and three men, and returning with but nine of its original members. Mr. Wilson was filled with patriotic ardor from his youthful days, when he was frequently called out of bed at night to escort negroes from Dorset to Ashtabula Harbor, where they made their escape to Canada, going across the lake. Mr. Wilson owns a well-improved farm of ninety acres, which he devotes to general agriculture. He. is a Republican in politics, and a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, having for the past four years served as adjutant . of his post. He belongs to the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and has been treasurer of his lodge for twenty years. Mr. Wilson has been four times married. He married first, in February, 1855, Celia Loomis, who died June 3o, i86i, leaving two children, namely, Barbara, born in July, 1856, died in March, 1872, and Joseph, born in March, 1858, married Ida Goodeal, and is now running an oil refinery in Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Wilson's second wife was Adaline Smith, and their only child, Inez, born April 30, i868, is. the Wife of George Williams, of Albany, New York. Of the union of Mr. Wilson with his third wife, whose maiden name was Helen Salter, there were no children. Mr. Wilson married fourth Elsie Brewer, and they have one child, Anna Mae, born April 30, 1896. The present Mrs. Wilson was a daughter of Ephraim and Helen M. (Laird) Terrill. Mrs. Wilson was born in Hartstown, Pennsylvania, where the family lived many years. Her parents live in Pierpont township, moving here from Tennessee about eight years ago. They lived in Tennessee about thirty years. SAMUEL H. SMITH was numbered among the pioneer farmers and citizens of Erie county, and the Smith homestead near the town of Castalia which he improved and where he lived and labored for so many years is now the home and property of- his son, Jay C. Smith, who is proving a worthy successor to his father. Samuel H. Smith was born about the year of 1808, and in .about 1823 he emigrated with his father, also named Samuel, to Huron county, Ohio, the journey having been accomplished with an ox team, and they located at Venice. The senior Mr. Smith was a surveyor, and in Huron county he soon secured employment in surveying roads and town sites, and also did a large amount of work in that line for the government. After a time he went to Texas, where he was employed in his profession by the government, and he continued the work of surveying for a number of years, or until he settled at Jasper, Ohio, where, he acquired some 50,000 acres of land. He died at the age of eighty-five years. Samuel H. Smith in his early manhood worked in the flour mill which his father had' erected in Venice, and which was the first mill of the kind built there, and he continued with his father until his marriage to Miss Rachel Mac, at that time locating on the farm which had reverted 1562 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE to his wife through her mother and which was located near Castalia in Erie, county. He spent the remainder of his life on this tract of 110 acres, transforming it in the meantime from unimproved forest land to one of the highly-cultivated farms of the community. During the winter months, however, he went to Louisiana, where he had acquired over 3,000 acres of land, a part of which was farmed by his sons and the remainder he rented. -Of the children born to Samuel H. and Rachel Smith, three grew to years of maturity, two daughters and a son. Jay C. Smith, the only son in that family, at the age of eighteen years, enlisted in Company M, First Ohio Heavy Artillery, in 1863, for service in the Civil war, and he served until the close of the struggle. Following his discharge in 1865 he returned to Castalia, but after a short time went to Louisiana to take charge of his father's land and he remained there for two years, returning then to Erie county and settling on the Smith homestead near Castalia. In addition to his general farming he has been for many years extensively engaged in buying and selling horses, shipping many of his animals to the South, but his principal market are the Eastern cities. He is a stanch Republican in his political affiliations, as was also his father, but nether ever desired the honors or emoluments of public office. During his residence in the South Jay C. Smith married Alice Sewell, a native daughter of Louisiana, and the three children of that union are James, Floyd and Jay B. Floyd enlisted with Company B and served throughout the Spanish-American war, and the son Jay is now a member of the standing army. The first wife dying, Mr. Smith married for his second wife in 1891 Miss May Palmer, a daughter of Vanderlyn and Orfie (Savage) Palmer, and their three children are Flossy, George and Mary. THOMAS L. ROBINSON.—As one of the representative younger members of the bar of the Western Reserve, of which he is a native son, and as a prornintnt factor in connection with leading financial institutions in the city of Youngstown, this popular citizen is well entitled to recognition in this historical compilation. Thomas L. Robinson, a scion of one of the honored pioneer families of the Western Reserve, within whose limits both his father and mother were born and reared, is a native of Portage county, this state, having been born in Ravenna on the 28th of June, 1880, and being ,a son of Judge George F. and Mary (Gillis) Robinson, honored citizens of Ravenna, that county, at the present time. Judge Robinson was reared to manhood within the gracious borders of the historic Western Reserve, and has long been one of the able and prominent members of the bar of Portage county, where he has served for many years on the bench of the court of common pleas for the district comprising Portage, Trumbull and Mahoning counties. Thomas L. Robinson gained his early educational discipline in the public schools of Ravenna, the judicial center and metropolis of his native county, and after his graduation in the high school, in 1896, he 'was matriculated in the literary or academic department of the renowned University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1900, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the law department of his alma mater he then completed the prescribed course, being graduated in 1902 and thus receiving from the university the supplemental degree of Bachelor of Laws. Soon after his graduation, in June, 1902, Mr. Robinson established his residence in the city of Youngstown, where he engaged in the practice of his profession and where, even in the initiatory stages of his work, he clearly demonstrated his ability as a trial lawyer and well fortified counselor. He devoted his attention to the work of his profession for a period of seven years without special diversion of his activities, and since that time he has found his time largely engrossed by his executive duties in connection with the financial concerns with which he is identified. In 1909 he was chosen trust officer of the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, of Youngstown, and of this institution he has been vice president since 1909, also being a member of its directorate, as well as that of the First National Bank of Youngstown. He has manifested marked ability and discrimination in connection with financial affairs and is a valued executive officer of the two institutions mentioned, the same holding high rank among the solid financial concerns of the Western Reserve. Progressive and public-spirited as a citizen and recognized as one of the representative business men of his home city, Mr. Robinson HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1563 takes a loyal interest in all that tends to conserve the general advancement and civic and material prosperity of the community, in which his circle of friends is coincident with that of his acquaintances. In politics he gives his allegiance to the Republican party ; he is affiliated with the Military order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and with the Sons of the American Revolution, and both he and his wife hold membership in the Episcopal Church. On the 27th of April, 1937, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Robinson to Miss Isabel Bonnell, who was born and reared in Youngstown, and who is a daughter of Henry and Mary (Botsford) Bonnell, honored residents of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson have a winsome little daughter, Laura V. JACOB MERTZ.—The great empire of Germany has contributed a most valuable element to the cosmopolitan social fabric of our American republic, which has had much to gain and nothing to lose from this. source. Among those of German birth and ancestry who have attained to success and precedence in connection with business activities in the city of Sandusky, is Jacob Mertz, a citizen of sterling character and one honored by all who know him. He came to America as a youth, and his advancement to a position of independence and definite prosperity is the result of his own efforts, while his course has been guided and governed by the highest principles of integrity and honor. Honesty of purpose, well directed industry and sincerity in all the relations of life have characterized this well-known and popular citizen, and in the community that ..has so long been his home, and here his . word has been as good as his bond, so that he well merits the unqualified confidence and esteem in which he is uniformly held. In his business operations there has never been aught of misrepresentation or equivocation, and his patrons have known that his every statement could, be implicitly trusted. Such is the caliber of a good citizen; and as one of the world's sterling army of productive workers Mr. Mertz is worthy of representation in this publication, devoted to the Western Reserve and its people. Jacob Mertz is a native of the kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, where he was born on the 4th of. August, 1835, and he is a son of George Mertz. His mother died when he was an infant, and he was but one year old at the time of his father's death, so that he knows but little concerning the family history. To the schools of his fatherland he is indebted for his early educational training, and in 1853 he set forth to seek his fortunes in America, where he believed he could find better opportunities for winning independence through his personal endeavors. He wa., about eighteen years of age at the time when he embarked on a sailing vessel for the long and weary voyage to the new world. In due course of time he landed in the city of Newi York, whence he soon afterward went to Buffalo, where he remained about one year, within which he served a partial apprenticeship at the trade of tinsmith. In 1854. Mr. Mertz came to Ohio and located in Norwalk, where he remained about three months, and he then removed to Sandusky, where he has since maintained his home and where he has risen to prominence as a reliable and successful business man and loyal and. public-spirited citizen. He has contributed his quota to the civic and material progress of the city and has here found ample scope for productive effort along normal lines of business enterprise. Upon coming to Sandusky, Mr. Mertz secured work at his trade, and in i86o, after haVing carefully saved his earnings and living with utmost frugality, he was enabled to engage in business for himself by opening a modest hardware store and tinshop on Washington street, near the present business place of his son. He devoted himself earnestly to his business and soon gained an . impregnable standing" in popular confidence and esteem, so that his business gradually but surely expanded in scope and importance. In 1865 he removed to more eligible quarters, at the corner of Washington and McDonough streets, where he built up a large and prosperous business, which he conducted individually until 1885, when he admitted his sons to partnership. At this location the business is still continued under the firm name of J. Mertz & Sons, and the establishment is. one of the largest and best equipped of its kind in the city. The. firm owns the large double store which has a frontage of sixty-six feet on Washington street, and the building is of brick, two stories in height. Here are carried comprehensive lines of heaAy and shelf .hardware, builders' materials, stoves and ranges, and various kinds of house-furnishings. The concern controls a large and representative trade, and the founder of 1564 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE the business, is recognized as one of the representative business men of the city that has been his home for more than half a century. In the prosecution of the enterprise noted, Mr. Mertz is associated with his three sons—John, George, and Jacob, Jr.—and after years of ceaseless toil and endeavor, he relegates the active management of the business to his sons, who have well upheld the prestige of the' honored name they bear, and who are numbered among the substantial business men of their native city. A man of well fortified convictions in regard to matters of public import, Mr. Mertz is aligned as a supporter of the generic principles of the Democratic party, but in local affairs he maintains an independent attitude and gives his support to the men and measures meeting the approval of his judgment. He is the owner of valuable real estate in Sandusky and is a member of the directorate of the Citizens' Bank, one of the leading financial institutions of Erie county. On the 1st of March, 1856, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Mertz to Miss Teresa Hemmerle, who was born and reared in Baden, Germany, and they have eight children, namely : Caroline, Louisa, John, George, Katherine, Emma, Jacob Jr., and Minnie. As already stated, the sons are associated with their father in business. Caroline is the wife of John Hayman, of Gray Town, Ohio ; Louisa is the wife of Fred Johns, of Cleveland ; Katherine and Emma. remain at the parental home ; and Minnie is the wife of William C. Smith, of Detroit, Michigan. JAMES G. SNOWDEN.—Prominently numbered among the pioneers and among the leading citizens and business men of Erie county is James G. Snowden, a grain and stock farmer in Margaretta township. He was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, in 1839, a son of the Rev. E. H. Snowden, who was born in New Jersey in the year of 1808, and of, Elizabeth (Smith) Snowden, from Florida. The father was a minister in the Presbyterian church, and he died in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. The son, James G. Snowden, came to Erie county, Ohio, in 1858, and settling in Castalia he lived here one year and then went south and was engaged in railroading 'there at the beginning of the Civil war. Returning then to Castalia he enlisted in 1864 in the Union cause, and was made a member of Company I, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and after the close of his service he came once more to Erie county and has since been identified with its agricultural interests. In 1861 he had located on his present homestead in Margaretta township, a mile and half south of Castalia, and at the time he purchased it this tract of 220 acres was covered with stumps, but he has cleared the land and converted it into one of the finest farming properties in the township. He was at one time quite extensively engaged in the raising of peaches, but was finally obliged to discontinue the raising of that fruit on account of the scarcity of help. He has since followed a general line of farming, mostly grain, and also raises stock. In 1861 Mr. Snowden was married to Miss R. M. Smith, a daughter of Samuel H. Smith, and the three children born of the union are Maggie G., Samuel H. and Ethel S. The wife and mother died in 1883, and in 1885 Mr. Snowden was married to Mrs. S. A. Graves, a daughter of one of Erie county's earliest pioneers, Seth Bardwell, who established his home with its borders as early as 1833. Mr. Snowden has long been one of the active Republican workers of his community, and has 'served in many of the township offices. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. SETH E. BARDWELL, who owns one of the valuable estates of Margaretta township, is one of the successful farmers of his community and one of its old-time residents. He was born in Groton township of Erie county, in 1844. His parents, Seth and Louisa (White) Bardwell, both born at Hatfield in Hampshire county, Massachusetts, came to Huron county, Ohio, in 1833, settling first in Margaretta township, but later moved to Groton township in Erie county, where they lived during the remainder of their lives. Their farm there was almost entirely covered with timber when it became their property, but Mr. Bardwell in time succeeded in clearing it and it finally became a well-improved tract. He voted with the Democratic party, and was a member of the Universalist church. He died in the year 1863, but his wife survived him for many years, and died in 1898, when ninety years of age. After the father's death the son, Seth E. Bardwell, took charge of the homestead farm and continued its cultivation until 1890, buying in the following year of 1891 the farm he HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1565 now owns and where he has ever since resided. It is now one of the best improved places in Margaretta township. In 1874. Mr. Bardwell was married to Miss Celesta M. Thompson, daughter of William and Hannah (Holman) Thompson. They were both born in Pennsylvania. They had three children : Ethel, now Mrs. A. S. Alcott,. of Sandusky ; Seth A., a druggist of Philadelphia, and Alvah E., of Cleveland, an attorney-at-law. Mrs. Bardwell died July 2, 1893, and Mr. Bardwell married on November 7, 1900, Rebecca Neill, a daughter of Louis and Genneseret (Gaw) Neill, natives of Hagerstown, Maryland, and of Sandusky, Ohio, respectively.. Mr. Bardwell is entitled to membership in the Grand Army of the Republic through his service in 1864 in the Civil war, serving one hundred days with Company G, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. LORENZO E. BRAYMAN, M D.—Prominent among the ldng established and successful practitioners of Ashtabula county, Ohio, is Lorenzo E. Brayman, M. D., who has been engaged in the practice of medicine in Pierpont township for the past fortY:one years, during which time he has gained valuable experience and built up a substantial patronage. He was born October .26, 1844, in Pennsylvania, coming from excellent New England stock, his father, Harry Brayman, and his grandfather, Ezekiel Brayman, having.i been natives of Massachusetts. Born and reared in Massachusetts, Ezekiel Brayman spent a large part of his life among the Berkshire hills. Hearing glowing accounts of the new country being opened up. in the West, he migrated with his family to Ohio, locating in Ashtabula county. Taking up wild land, he reclaimed a homestead from the forest and there spent his declining years. He married Susan Hall, who was born in 1772, in Massachusetts, and died in Pierporit township, Ohio, in 1854. Their children, six in number, were as .follows Lyman, deceased ; Ezekiel, Jr., deceased.; Solomon, deceased ; Harry ; Susan, deceased ; and Sylvia, deceased. Harry Brayman was born March 4, 1805, in Tyringham, Massachusetts, and died on his farm in Pierpont township, Ashtabula county, Ohio, September 28, 1851. He married Mrs. Meribah Benjamin, who was born in 1803, and was then a widow with three children, namely : Alva Benjamin, deceased ; Sumner Benjamin, and Levi Benjamin. To Harry Brayman and his wife six children were born, namely : Edwin, born February 7, 1833, died of smallpox, in Cambridge, Pennsylvania, in 1870 ; Bennett, born August 21, 1839, died in 1905 ; Jeannette, born March 11, 1835, is the wife of Amos Curtis, of Pierpont township ; Sylvia, born July 22, 1841, married Tiffany. Kellison, .of Pierpont, Ashtabula county ; Lorenzo E., the special subject of this brief biographical sketch ; and Fidelia, born February. .24, 1846, is the widow of the late William Benjamin, who died. January 11, 1888. She is now postmistress at Pierpont, Ohio. Obtaining his elementary education in the public schools of Cambridge, Crawford county, Pennsylvania, Lorenzo E. Brayman began the study of medicine with Dr. Trimmer, of Pierpont, Ohio, continuing under his tutorship, three years. Going then to Ann Arbor, Michigan, he studied there for a year, and was subsequently graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve University, in Cleveland. Returning to Pierpont, Dr. Bray-man was in partnership with his 'former instructor, Dr. Trimmer, for four years, after which he spent a year at the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, making a special study of medicine and surgery. Since that time Dr. Brayman has been in active practice in Pierpont, and has also had offices in Jefferson and in Andover, having Maintained an office in the latter place for twenty-six years. He is widely known throughout this section of the state, and has a very large and remunerative patronage. The University. of Pennsylvania gave Dr: a scholarship for high standing as a student. Dr. Brayman is much interested in the agricultural growth and prosperity of Ashtabula county, and has invested a part of his accumulations in land, owning about twelve hundred 'acres in Ashtabula county. He has a three hundred acre farm in Pierpont- township, which he devotes to dairying and fancy stock raising. , He keeps a fine grade of Holstein cattle, and has now about forty magnificent horses, many of them being noted roadsters. He has at times' had as many as a hundred horses in his possession. The doctor began life for himself at the age of fourteen years, with no capital, and has steadily climbed the ladder of attainments, his present prosperity being due to his own efforts. He is a Republican in. politics, and is a member of Relief Lodge, No. 284, F. & A. M., of Pierpont ; of Conneaut Commandery, K. T. ; and belongs 1566 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE to the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He was formerly a member of the Ashtabula County Medical Society, but dropped from its ranks in 1909. Dr. Brayman married, April 5, 1888, Lizzie Fitzgerald,' who was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1865. Their only child, John H. Brayman, was born March 5, 1889, in Pierpont, Ohio. He' is well educated, having graduated from the Pierpont high school and from the Ashtabula Business College. HENRY WETMORE, a successful farmer of Monroe township, Ashtabula county, was born December 23, 1851, and has always lived on a farm. His grandfather, Benjamin Wetmore,-was born in Connecticut, and came from Middletown, that state, in 1818, to Ohio. He came in the fall of the year, with an ox team, and brought his family with him. He settled on a farm and spent the remainder of his life in Kelloggsville township, Ashtabula county. He married Thankful Lucas, of Connecticut, and their children were : Elnathan, Ebenezer, Sally, Lucretia, John, Abigail, Eliza and Benjamin, all deceased. John Wetmore was a farmer and cleared land for the cultivation of wheat. He and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He married Juliet Sands, born in 1823; and died in 1861. Their children were : Henry ; Thomas, born in 1853., lives in Texas ; Ida, married W., G. Munyan, of Newport News, Virginia ; and Julia, married 0. A. Lillie and lives in Sheffield township, Ashtabula county. Henry Wetmore was the oldest of the children. He attended school at Kelloggsville. He owns 120 acres of land and carries on general farming ; he formerly conducted a dairy and raised considerable stock. He is public-spirited and progressive, and takes interest in public affairs. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Wetmore married Nora Blood, born January 2, 1852, and their children are : Will, born January 7, 1875, died in April, 1904 ; John, born February 23, 1878, lives at home ; and Belle, born June 26, 1881, married Oliver Clark, and lives in Monroe township, near her parents. VANDERLYN PALMER. -- The Palmer family is one of the oldest of the pioneers of Castalia, and Vanderlyn Palmer was for many years prominently identified with its business life as a carpenter and contractor, many of its most substantial and prominent buildings standing as monuments to his ability and enterprise. He retired from the business a few years since, and• is spending the evening of his long and useful life in rest. He filled the office of constable for ' a number of years; for twenty-four years was a justice of the peace, and for twelve years was the clerk of his township. He is a stanch and true Republican and a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity. Vanderlyn Palmer was born at Oxford, New York, in 1831, a son Of James S. and Amy (Achhorn) Palmer, both of whom also had their nativity in the Empire state: From their native state the family moved to Michigan in 1832, and in 1834 settled in Ottawa county, Ohio. From there they went to Margaretta township, Huron county, Ohio, now Erie county, where they bought a farm, but left it in a short time, owing to the unhealthy .condition of that locality, and moving then to Sandusky county, Ohio, they lived there for a.short time, and then came to Castalia, in Erie county, arriving here in the spring of 1839. Here Mr. Palmer bought town property, conducting a hotel for a time, serving for a number of years as a constable, and he was active in the political work of his community and voted with the Democratic party. His death occurred in the year 1846, and of the eight children which were born into his family, only two are living at the present time. Vanderlyn Palmer, the fourth in age of the eight children, and one of the two survivors, grew to manhood's estate in Castalia and received his educational training in its public schools. When he had reached the age of about seventeen he began the active battle of life for himself, and, learning the wagon-maker's trade, he followed that line of work until the opening of the Civil war. In 1864 he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Forty fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served to the close of the struggle and was mustered out at Camp Chase, Ohio, in 1864. He was in the hospital there 'at the time of his discharge, and he was obliged to remain there several weeks, when he returned to Castalia and after a time began work at the carpenter's trade. On the 16th of May, 1852, he married Lusetta. Mansfield, who died on the 11th of the following February, and on the l0th of September, 1854, he was married to Orfie Savage, a daughter of Samuel and Ziltha HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1567 (Gillet) Savage, the father from Middlebury, Vermont, and the mother from Allegany county, New York. They came to Erie county in 1840. Fourteen children, five sons and nine daughters, were born to Mr. and Mrs. Savage, and four sons and three daughters are yet living. . S. J. Palmer, a son of Vanderlyn and Orfie, Palmer, was born June 17, 1874, and he received his early educational training in the high school of Castalia. He learned the carpenter's trade under the able instructions of his father, they continuing together in the business , for a time or until the year 1890, when the son began contracting for himself. He is an active Republican worker in county and state politics, and has served in public office, including two years as constable, three years as a deputy sheriff, from 1905 to 1908, and is at the present time and has been for two years a justice of the peace. In 1893 Mr. Palmer wedded Miss Lydia A. Burr, a daughter of William Burr, and they have three children. GILBERT KNAPP.—Coming to Ohio upwards of three score years ago, Gilbert Knapp, late of Margaretta township, is numbered among those energetic, farseeing agriculturists who rendered such valuable assistance in developing those branches of Industry whereby the rich soil of Erie county has been made to produce abundantly of the crops common to With region, having as a general farmer met With signal success in his undertakings. He was born January 16, 1820, in New York state, which was likewise the birthplace of his parents, Wright and Sally (Towner) Knapp. Growing to manhood in his native state, Mr. Knapp lived there a number of years after his marriage. In 1848, accompanied by his wife and children, he followed the tide of emigration westward to Ohio, locating permanently in Erie county. He purchased 125 acres of land in the "Oak Openings" in Margaretta township, and immediately began its improvement. A diligent laborer, he exercised skill and good judgment in his operations, and continued here an active and prosperous general farmer until his death, March 8, 1894. He was held in high respect as a man and as a citizen. He was a Republican in politics,. and in his religious views was a free thinker. Mr. Knapp married, in 1841, Cynthia Chase, who was born on a farm in New York state, her parents, Alvin and Ruth (Cole) Chase, having been well-known and successful agriculturists. Three children blessed their union, namely : James H., born in 1842 ; John T., born in 1844 ; and Cyrus C., born in 1847. The two younger sons now own and manage the parental home. The mother died April 11, 1910, and in June of that year she would have celebrated the ninetieth anniversary of her birth. Cyrus C. Knapp, the youngest son, is meeting with genuine success in his agricultural labors, being numbered among the leading farmers of Margaretta township. Inheriting the political and religious views of his father, he is a stanch Republican and is identified with the more liberal thinkers of the day. He married, in 1903, Cora C. Schoewe, a daughter of Edward and Martha Schoewe, and they have three children, namely : Gilbert, Melvin and Martha. John T. Knapp is a partner with his brother in the ownership of the farm, and is unmarried. He, too, has embraced his father's ideas of religion and politics. CECIL D. HINE holds and merits a place among the representative legal practitioners and citizens of Youngstown. He is the senior member of the prominent law firm of Hine, Kennedy & Manchester, practitioners before the bar of Youngstown, and he has been one of the leading attorneys of Mahoning county during the past quarter of a century and more. Born at Hubbard, in Trumbull county, Ohio, August 3, 1849, he is a son of Samuel and Ellen L. (Montgomery) Hine, and a grandson of Homer Hine, one of the most prominent and best known of the early lawyers of the Western Reserve. The Hine family is an old established one in Mahoning county. Samuel Hine, born at Youngstown, married Ellen L. Montgomery, a daughter of Robert Montgomery, who located in an early day in Trumbull county, Ohio, and who as early as 1806 built at Poland one of the first iron furnaces in the state, which he successfully operated for a considerable period. Samuel Hine died on the i9th of May, 1893. Cecil D. Hine, primarily educated in his native locality, entered Western Reserve College at the commencement of the sophomore year, and completed the course there with excellent credit, and at a later day, his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. On returning from college, he entered upon the study of law with the well- 1568 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE known firm of Taylor & Jones, at Warren, Ohio, and after two years of reading was admitted to the bar in Trumbull county on the 15th of April, 1872. Shortly after this he began the practice of law at Youngstown, his home since that time, and for many years a leading member of its bar. The law firm of Hine, Kennedy & Manchester was formed in 1908 and is considered one of the strongest and ablest combinations of legal talent in this section of Ohio. Mr. Hine married, on October 9, 1872, Elizabeth W. Woodruff, born at Poland, Ohio. A daughter, Elizabeth W., has been born to them, and she is the wife of Charles H. Cates, of New York. The Hine home is at 725 Wick avenue, Youngstown. THOMAS B. BENNINGTON.—Among the sterling and honored citizens of Lorain county whose memories link the remote pioneer past with the present day of opulent prosperity and advancement, is numbered Thomas Blythe Bennington, who is a native son of this county, a scion of one of its well known pioneer families, and a citizen who has ever held an impregnable place in the confidence and esteem of the people of the county in which his entire life thus far has been passed. Through well directed energy and distinctive business acumen,,lie has achieved large and worthy success in connection ,with the practical activities of life, and he is recognized as one of the substantial capitalists of his native county, where he has extensive real estate interests, including the fine old homestead farm on which he was born. A type of the best citizenship, loyal, progressive and public-spirited, he has contributed in generous measure to the development and upbuilding of Lorain county and well merits consideration in this history of the Western Reserve and its people. He is now living in the village of Grafton, but finds ample demand upon his time and attention in the supervision of his large real estate, industrial and capitalistic interests, as though well advanced in years, he is vigorous and alert and has no desire for sybaritic ease or supine inactivity. Thomas Blythe Bennington was born in Eaton township, Lorain county, Ohio, on the 31st of January, 1837, and is one of, the two survivors of the eight children of Thomas B. and Jane (Webster) Bennington, both of whom were natives of Yorkshire, England, Where their marriage was solemnized. The father was feared and educated in his native land, where he remained until the year 1829, when he came to America. He landed in Quebec, Canada, and thence came forthwith to Ohio, and he passed the first three years in Vermilion, Erie county, where he was employed at farm labor. He then purchased fifty acres of heavily timbered land in the southern part of Eaton township, where he made a clearing and erected a log cabin of the type common to the locality and period.. This embryonic farm, owned in later years by James Johnson, he soon sold, and he then returned to his old home in England, where his marriage was solemnized. In the following spring, in company with:his young bride, he returned to the 'United States, and they passed the first summer in Elyria, Lorain county, which now thriving little city was then a mere straggling village in the midst of the surrounding forests. In 1830 he purchaSed a tract of Io8 acres in section 78, about one mile west of the center of Eaton township, and there he built a log house and established his home in the woods. He and his devoted wife lived up to the full tension of the pioneer epoch, during which they endured their full quota of hardships and vicissitudes, and he set himself vigorously to the herculean task of reclaiming his land to cultivation. When he took up his abode on his new farm no roads had been laid out in that section, and when one was finally established he found his house so far from the highway that he erected another dwelling, nearer the road. In this second pioneer residence he passed the residue of his long and useful life, which was marked by impregnable integrity and honor, as well as by persistent and unremitting industry. He passed away in September, 1874, and his wife survived him by several years. During her declining years she was cared for with solicitude in the home of her son, of this review, and she likewise died on the old homestead farm., having been summoned to the life eternal in November, 1889. Both she and her husband ever held a secure place in the confidence and esteem of all who knew them. Their names merit a place on the roster of the honored pioneers of the Western Reserve. Concerning their eight children the following brief record is consistently entered at this juncture : Mary Ann married a Mr. Williams, and her death occurred at Elsie, Clinton county, Michigan ; Louise is the widow of John Haylor and resides in the city of Lorain, Ohio ; Thomas B., of this HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1569 sketch, was the next in order of birth ; Sarah J. became the wife of John Kirk, a representative farmer of Lorain county, and she died in Eaton township, in May, 1910 ; Martha; the wife of James Carpenter, likewise died in Eaton township ; Henrietta became the wife of Vernon Phelps, of Eaton township, where her death occurred ; Clara became the wife of Henry Van Wagnen and died in Elsie, Michigan; and John E. died when about three years of age. Thomas B. Bennington was reared to the sturdy discipline of the pioneer farm and early began to contribute his share to its work, so that he learned the value of honest toil and endeavor while a youth. He has never been afraid of hard work and none has more definite respect for its dignity and worth. Owing to the exigencies of time and place, his early educational advantages were very limited, but he duly availed himself of such opportunities as were offered in the primitive schools of the period. He recalls with appreciation the little log school house with its slab benches, puncheon floor and wide fireplace, and within its precincts he gained his rudimentary education. He attended school only during the winter. months, as during the summer seasons his aid as required in connection with the work of the home farm. He has witnessed the development of this section from the condition of a forest wilderness to that of one of the most beautiful and advanced portions of the historic old Western Reserve, and it is a matter of . gratification to him that he has been able to assist in the industrial and civic upbliding of his native county, to .Which his loyalty is of the most insistent type. Through well directed self-discipline, involving both reading and study, as well as active association with men and affairs, he has admirably overcome the educational handicap of earlier years and is a man of broad and exact information and distinctive maturity of judgment. Full recognition of this is given by those who know him, and many have there been who have availed themselves of his advice in regard to matters of business and civic importance. Mr. Bennington continued to be associated in the work and management of the home farm until the time of his marriage, and he then settled on a partly improved farm which he had purchased and which adjoined his father's farm on the east. A few years later occurred the death-of his honored father, and he then assumed the management of the old home farm as well as of his own, while he and his wife continued to give affectionate care to, his loved mother until she too passed away. He finally purchased the interests of the other heirs to the home place secured by his father so many years ago, and he has since retained this property, which is endeared to him by the memories and associations of the past, and which is now one of the valuable farms of the county. He continued to reside in Eaton township until the autumn of 1891, when he removed to his present handsome residence in the village of Grafton, where he and his wife have since maintained their home and where they have the most grateful environment, and associations. This residence was erected by Mr. Bennington and is one of the most attractive in the village. As an agriculturist and stock-grower Mr. Bennington tong held a position of prominence in this section of the state, and especially in the line of raising, high-grade live stock did he gain reputation that far transcended local limitations. Progressive and enterprising, he never allowed himself to follow in the beaten path, and by the careful and discriminating policies and measures which he followed he . achieved pronounced success in his various operations. When but seventeen years :of age he became interested in thorough-bred stock; particularly sheep and swine. He was one of the first in this. section to handle the imported Shropshire and Southdown sheep, and for many years he was prominent as an exhibitor of fine sheep and hogs, in which connection he won many prizes at fairs and other exhibitions, specializing the breeds of sheep just mentioned, and also the Berkshire type of hogs. His last important exhibit was at the World's Columbian Exposition, in Chicago, in 1893, and there he secured three premiums on his Shropshire and seven on his Southdown sheep. He gained marked success as a breeder of high-grade stock, and has long been recognized as a connoisseur and authority in connection with the types to which he has given his special attention. In recent years, owing to the exactions of his other interests, he has gradually restricted his operations in the breeding of fine stock, although he is still engaged somewhat extensively in the breeding of Shropshire sheep and Suffolk swine. Mr. Bennington is the owner of valuable real estate in Lorain county, 'including improved properties in the Cities of Lorain, Elyria and Oberlin and in the 'village of Grafton. In Grafton 1570 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE township he owns three well improved farms, and he still has the old homestead farm in Eaton township and a fine fruit farm in Sheffield township. His entire landed estate aggregates fully 1,000 acres, and this alone places him among the substantial capitalists of his native county. Mr. Bennington attributes a full measure of credit to his devoted wife for the success which has attended his efforts as one of the world's worker's, for her counsel and, co-operation have been potent influences, even as her labors have been on a parity with his own. They have not hedged themselves in with selfish interests, but have ever shown a broad human sympathy and a distinctive spirit of philanthropy and practical human helpfulness. Mr. Bennington has done much to assist those in need, and especially has he aided those in moderate circumstances to provide homes for themselves. All of his benefactions have been extended without ostentation and have been but the mark of his high sense ,of stewardship. Fidelity to the highest principles of integrity and honor has characterized every step in his career, and thus he has not been denied the fullest mede of popular confidence and esteem. He has ever been a stanch advocate of the cause of temperance and has personally given, both by precept and example, consistent force to . his convictions, as he has never used intoxicating liquors or tobacco in any form and has striven to discourage the young men in the use of these deleterious stuffs. His political - allegiakce is given to the Republican party and he has ever shown a loyal interest in public affairs and been true to the duties and responsibilities of citizenship. Although he has never been inoculated with the virus of political ambition, he has served as a member of the village council of Grafton and is at the present time a valued member of the board of education of this village. As a young man Mr. Bennington became a member of the Christian church in Eaton, and his wife has been a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal church since her girlhood days. On December 24, 1869, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Bennington to Miss Atlanta Amanda Peck, of Wakeman, Huron county, Ohio, where she was born on September 18, 1839. She is a daughter of Henry T. and Abigail (Haskins) Peck, the former of whom was a native of Vergennes, Vermont, and the latter of Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Both families were founded in New England in the colonial epoch of our national history. Henry T. Peck came to Ohio prior to his marriage and secured a tract of wild land in Wakeman township, Huron county. He reclaimed a valuabje farm and became one of the representative agriculturists . and influential citizens of that locality. He continued to reside on his old homestead until his death, and his wife, long surviving him, attained to the venerable age of ninety years. Mr. Peck was an uncompromising abolitionist during the climacteric period leading up to the Civil war, and his home was a station on the historic "underground railroad," by means of which so many fugitive slaves were assisted to liberty. Mr. and Mrs. Peck became the parents of ten sons and four daughters, and all of the number attained maturity except one son, who died at the age of one year. One of the sons, Edward Peck, was a valiant soldier in an Ohio regiment and was killed at the battle of Pittsburg Landing. Of the children five sons and three daughters are now living, and Mrs. Bennington was the fourth child and second daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Bennington had but one child,—Edward Blythe, who was born on September 8, 187), and who died on April 5, 1885. The loss of this promising and noble boy constituted the great bereavement in the married life of Mr. and Mrs. Bennington, who may well feel in this connection that "Memory is the only friend that :grief can call its own." HENRY MOORE.—A man of high character, great ability and generous impulses, Henry Moore, late of Venice, was. for upwards of thirty years one of the leading business men and a prominent and influential citizen of this part of Erie county, being Well known as a prosperous merchant and an extensive grape grower. Born September 20, 1826, in Germany, he was reared and educated in the Fatherland. In 1846 he came with his mother and stepfather, Paul Leidorf, to Ohio, locating in Venice. There his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Ohlenbacher, died, leaving five children, two of whom, Henry and Ann, were born of her first marriage, while the other three, Catherine, Elizabeth and John, were born of her union 'with Mr. Leidorf. Learning the miller's trade when young, Henry Mciore had charge of the mill at Venice for twent'-six years, resigning the position in 1872. He afterward lived for about two years in Perrysburg, Wood county, where he .was employed in the manufacture of staves HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1571 and headings. In 1874 he began his mercantile career in Venice, becoming junior member of the firm of McGookey & Moore. Buying out his partner in 1887, Mr. Moore became sole proprietor, and carried on a successful business until May 21, 1896, when he was burned out. In addition to carrying a line of general merchandise, he dealt in coal and grain, which business he subsequently turned over to his son-in-law, John Neuscheler. Mr. Moore also served for a number of years as postmaster at Venice. He was associated with the agricultural and horticultural interests of this part of. the county; and took great pleasure, as well as deriving much profit, from the cultivation of his 15-acre farm and his vineyard of 10 acres. During the Civil war he served in the One. Hundred and Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under the one-hundred-day call, and at the expiration of his term of enlistment was discharged at Camp Chase. Mr. Moore married, in 1849, Mary J. Bourke, who was born at Black Rock, Buffalo, New York, July 31, 1831, and came in 1845 to Venice with her mother, whose death occurred here March 13, 1894. She was .a daughter of William and Louisa (Lee) Bourke, who were born at Black Rock, Buffalo, New York. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Moore,namely : Mrs. Elizabeth L. Brown, of Margaretta townshiP; Mary Jane, living in Venice ; Henry J., of Venice ; Catherine E., wife of John Neuschler, and George A., who died March 27, 1906. Mrs. Moore passed to the life beyond July 29, 1906, having outlived her husband several months, his death occurring November 5, 1905. Mr. Moore was a Republican in politics, and a member of the Masonic Order. He was confirmed a member of Emanuel Evangelical Protestant church in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, when he was born. After his marriage he attended the Episcopal church. JABEZ WRIGHT.—Distinguished not only as a native-born citizen of Huron, where his birth occurred in 1848, but as the son of one of its life-long residents, the late Douglas Wright, Jabez Wright ranks high among the active and respected business men of this part of Erie county, and is widely and favorably known as an upright, honest man. He comes of thrifty pioneer stock, his grandfather, Jabez Wright, the first, having been one of the earlier settlers of this place. Born and reared in Connecticut, his birth occurring in 178o, Jabez Wright came to Ohio in the early part of the nineteenth. century, locating in Erie county. He took u.p a tract of timbered land in Huron, and subsequently spent the better part of his active and useful life in redeeming from the wilderness a portion of this beautiful country. Little do the people of this day and generation realize what they owe to those brave spirits of old, who first uprooted the trees, plowed the sod, and made a broad track for the advance of civilization. Having improved his land, Jabez Wright, the first, was here engaged in tilling the soil until his death, in 1840. He married Tamar Ruggles, a native of Connecticut, who was born in 1788, and died in Huron, Ohio, in 1849. Five children blessed their union, as follows : Winthrop H., Lucy, Douglas, Abigail and Ruggles, all of whom have passed to the life beyond. Douglas Wright was born in 1817, in Huron, where he received his rudimentary education. He subsequently went to Connecticut to attend school, and while he was at home on a vacation his father died, and he did not return to' his school. He began his career as a farmer, becoming the owner of 250 acres of land, but was afterward engaged in the lumber business. In politics he was a Whig, and was one of the leading abolitionists of the county. He died in 1856, while in the prime of life. He married Miranda Smith, who is still living, and they became the parents of .two children, one son, Jabez, the subject of this sketch, and Charlotte R. Educated in the public schools of Huron, Jabez Wright lived on the home farm until seventeen years of age, when he made up his mind that an agricultural life would not be congenial to his tastes. He subsequently engaged in the fish business, with which he has since been successfully associated. Politically he is a sound Republican, and fraternally he i8'a member of the Order of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. Mr. Wright married, in 1868, Isabel N. Kirby, a daughter of Captain A. A. and Mrs. Kirby, and a sister of Mrs. Addison H. Pearl. A brief account of-her parents may be found on another page of this work in connection with the sketch of Captain Pearl. Mr. and Mrs. Wright have two children, namely, Douglas A., a dentist; and Quimby M., an engineer. 1572 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE HENRY TOD.—In the annals of Mahoning county no name is held in kinder remembrance than that of Henry Tod, late of Youngstown, who for many years was actively identified with many of the more important industries of the city in which he resided, and through his various interests contributed toward the upbuilding and growth of the municipality. The descendant of a pioneer family of Youngstown, he was born June 14, 1838, in Warren, Ohio. He was a man of sterling character and integrity, highly esteemed throughout the community in which he resided, and his death, which occurred at his home, No. 152 Lincoln Avenue, Youngstown, was a cause of general regret. His paternal grandparents, Judge George and Sally (Isaacs) Tod, emigrated from Connecticut to Ohio in the very early part of the nineteenth century, locating in Youngstown, Mahoning county, which was the birthplace of their son, David Tod, father of Henry Tod. Born February 21, 1805, in Youngstown, David Tod studied law as a young man, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar in Warren, Ohio. After successfully practicing his profession in Warren until 1843, he returned to the scenes of his youth, locating on the parental homestead, Brier Hill farm, near Youngstown, which subsequently became his own property, and on which his death occurred November 23, 1868. Prominent in political life, he filled various offices of importance, and in 1848 was appointed--by President Polk minister to Brazil, where he represented the United States government for five consecutive years, during which time he retained the esteem and respect of the emperor of that country and the confidence of his home government. He married, July 24, 1832, in Warren, Ohio, Maria Smith, a daughter of a pioneer settler of the Western Reserve, and they became the parents of seven children, as follows : Charlotte, who married General A. V. Kautz, of the United States Army, died in 1868 ; John died in 1898, in Cleveland ; Henry, the subject of this brief biography ; George, residing at Tod Lane, is president of the Brier Hill Iron & Coal Company ; William, formerly, a- prominent citizen of Youngstown, died April 27, 1905 ; Grace, wife of Hon. George F. Arrell. and Sallie resides in Youngstown. But ten years of age when his father was appointed minister to Brazil, Henry Tod went with the family to Rio Janeiro, and there spent a year. His parents, however, desirous of educating their children in the public schools of America, decided that it would be better for them to return with their mother to Ohio, which they did, locating in Youngstown. Con- ' tinuing his studies in schools at Hiram and Poland and under private tutors, Henry Tod acquired a practical education that well fitted him for a successful career. Wideawake and full of vim and ambition, he was made manager of the Brier Hill Iron & Coal Company on attaining his majority, and met with such marked success in that capacity that he was subsequently chosen as president of the Biwabik Mining Company. He was also a stockholder of other industrial organizations, including the Youngstown Steel Company, the Youngstown Carriage and Wagon Company, the Ohio Leather Company and the Republic Rubber Company. His financial ability and integrity were likewise recognized, and he was made a director of the First National Bank and of the Mahoning National Bank, and for a period of twenty-nine years was president, of the Second National Bank, holding the office until the institution was merged, in May, 1904, with the First National Bank. Mr. Tod was associated with the promotion and development of many of the more important enterprises and industries of Youngstown, and to his active brain the city is indebted for many of its advantages. In the removal of the county seat from Canfield to Youngstown he was largely influential, and the building of the new courthouse and of the present large opera house resulted, principally, from his vigorous agitation of the subject. Mr. Tod was twice married. He married first, in 1869, Dillie Pollock. She died at Pueblo, Colorado, December 28, 1878, leaving two sons, namely, John, whose office is at No. 35 Central Square; Youngstown, is president of the American Belting Company, vice president of the Falcon Bronze Company, secretary of the Republic Rubber Company, and one of the executors of his father's large estate ; and Henry Tod, Jr., was killed in an automobile accident, October 8, 1902. Mr. Tod married for his second wife, in 1891, Lucretia Van Fleet, a daughter of John Van Fleet, and she still occupies the family home on Lincoln avenue. Although never identified by membership with any particular denomination or advocated sny special religious creed, Mr. Tod was a Christian in the highest and best sense implied by the term, and contributed liberally toward HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1573 benevolent and charitable enterprises, considering it a pleasure as well as a duty to help the poor and needy. The worthy son of a worthy father, he died as he had lived, honored and respected by all, and his memory will long be cherished throughout the city. JOHN VAN FLEET.-A valiant, noble soul was that which had indwelling in the mortal tenement of the honored subject of this memoir, than whom none has ever held a more secure and inviolable position in the esteem of the people of Mahoning county, where he long lived and labored and where he attained prominence and distinctive success in connection with normal lines of business enterprise. His life was gentle and was marked by unfaltering fidelity under all changes and chances of this mortal existence—a life faithful to itself and to all the objective duties and responsibilities which canopy every human being, no matter what his status. "Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control—these three lead on to sovereign power," and all these were distinguished attributes in the. character of John Van Fleet. He knew mankind, including himself, and there can be no impropriety in utilizing, in connection with him, the term self-reverence, for this meant, in his case, but the bringing out of the beS't that was in him, and his life was guided and governed by a conscience of peculiar sensitiveness—a conscience that dominated his every thought and act. Those to whom was given the privilege of his acquaintanceship bear, appreciative and reverent testimony to the truth of this statement. As a man, as a citizen, and as one who contributed in a large measure to the material and social development and advancement of Mahoning county and the city of Youngstown, does he merit a tribute in this history of the Western Reserve. John Van Fleet, to whom was applied, with all of appreciation and consistency; the title of "honest John," was closely identified with the business and civic interests of Youngstown for the long period of sixty-seven years, and his name stood not only for material prosperity, but also for the highest type of citizenship. Mr. Van Fleet was born in what is now Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, on the 14th of October, 1807, and it was given to him to attain the venerable age of eighty-five years. He died at his home in Youngstown, Ohio, on the 12th of June, I893, and the community as a whole mourned the loss of one of its noblest and most loved citizens. He was a son of Richard and Sarah Van Fleet, and was a scion of a family of stanch Holland Dutch origin. The name early became identified with the annals of the State of Pennsylvania, and there the parents of Mr. Van Fleet continued to reside until their death. They had six sons and six daughters, and the family circle was thus one. of patriarchal type. John Van Fleet was reared to the sturdy discipline of the homestead farm and under the conditions and influences of pioneer days. He continued to be associated in the work of the home farm until he reached years of maturity, and in the meanwhile had availed himself of such educational advantages as were afforded in the common schools in the locality of the period. In 1826, at the age of fifteen years, Mr. Van Fleet came to Youngstown, Ohio, where he soon afterward entered upon an apprenticeship to the tanner's trade. He finally purchased the business of his employer and he continued the same, Without interruption, until 1870, when he established himself on W. Federal street, where he was engaged in the handling of leather and findings until 1878. This line of enterprise at that time was one of importance, and through his association therewith he added materially to financial prosperity. As illustrative of his honorable business methods, it is related that purchasers came to Youngstown from Pittsburg, Cleveland and Cincinnati for the express purpose of dealing with "honest John Van Fleet." Ever implacable in his animosity toward the institution of human slavery, it was but natural that Mr. Van Fleet should take a stanch stand as an abolitionist, and for many years prior to the Civil war he had closely associated with other philanthropists of his day in assisting the escape of fugitive slaves. He was one of the three antislavery men in Youngstown township, and his home was a station on the historic "underground railroad." In 1844 he voted for James C. Birney, who was the abolition candidate for the presidency. When the Civil war was pre-. cipitated on a divided nation, the Union cause found no more ardent supporter than this sterling and broad-minded citizen of Youngstown. For many years prior to his death Mr. Van Fleet virtually lived retired, and in the golden evening of his days he was compassed by the gracious surroundings which should ever be the concomitant of worthy old age. As a sincere friend of education, he worked 1574 - TORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE long and earnestly in behalf of the public schools of his home city and county, and was most zealous in advocating the cause of popular education and in bringing the schools of Mahoning county up to the highest possible standard. He served for many years as. a member of the board of education of Youngstown, and was long its president. While incumbent of this position he brought to Youngstown the late Ruben McMillan, whose beneficent impress on the city's educational life still continues. His wife was the first president of the free reading room, which was finally merged into the Ruben McMillan Library, one of the splendid institutions of Youngstown. Mr. Van Fleet was originally aligned as a supporter of the cause of the Whig party, but upon the organization of the Republican party he transferred his allegiance to the same, and thereafter continued a stanch advocate of its principles and policies. During almost the entire course of his mature life he was a consistent and devout member, of the First Presbyterian church of Youngstown, being recognized as one of its pillars and having been for a half a century a deacon in the same. Concerning him the following pertinent words have been written : "He was a man of generous impulses, and these were tempered with prudence. His value to the early business interests of Youngstown can not be overvalued. Careful, conservative and farsighted, his excellent judgment was often the balance wheel which preserved the equilibrium between cautious conservatism and enterprise. He left behind him a substantial fortune, and over and above all, he bequeathed the priceless heritage of an unsullied name." On the 20th of August, 1834, was solem: nized the marriage of Mr. Van Fleet to Miss Jane Douglass, who was born in Pennsylvania on the 28th of December, 1811, and who was a daughter of John and Nancy (McDowell) Douglass, who likewise were natives of the old Keystone state. Mrs. Van Fleet was summoned to the life eternal on the loth of October, 1897, and she is recalled with reverent affection by all who came within the bound's of her kindly influence. Concerning the children of this union, the following brief record is entered in conclusion of this sketch : Charles died at the age of thirty-one years, in 1868 ; Nancy is a maiden lady, residing on Yale avenue, Youngstown. Sarah, also unmarried, resides at the old homestead, Youngstown ; James died October 18, 1904 ; Charlotte died in 1893 ; Alfred is a resident of Youngstown; Lucretia, the fifth child, is the widow of the late Henry Tod, of Youngstown, concerning whom mention may be found on other pages of this volume ; James D. was a valiant soldier in the Civil war, in which he was a member of Company B, Forty-fourth Battalion, which was later merged into the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; Charlotte and r John died when young, and Alfred B. is a representative business man of Youngstown, where he is engaged in the real estate business. IRVING SMITH, a lifelong farmer of Monroe township, is a son of the pioneer Isaac Smith, who was born December 5, 1798, and came to Ohio in 1831, from Strafford, Vermont, his destination having .been the small town of Cleveland, but he became so impressed with the climate, surroundings and business opportunities of Kelloggsville that he settled there instead and was a farmer and merchant for forty years. Isaac Smith was a Master Mason. He married Lucia Thompson in December, 1831, who was born in Lyme, Connecticut, March 31, 1805, and she died on the 22d of April, 1881, while Mr. Smith passed away on the 12th of May, 1883. Their family numbered the following children : Isaac, who was born April 25, 1833, and died. January 28, 1854 ; Susan J., born June 22, 1835, married George Waite, and lives in Hutchinson, Kansas ; Royal P., born August 18, 184o, died March 22, 1898,. and he was also a Master Mason, and a large farmer, and a very well-known man. He married Carrinnie Swift, born. August, 1843, and they had four children: C. R. Smith ; Carrie M. married George S. Humphries, who is secretary of the Spencerian Business College ; Harriet F.. married Dr. G. C. Clisby ; Carrinnie married D. L. Baker, superintendent of schools of Prescott, Arizona ; Irving, born May 24, 1843, is mentioned below ; and Lucia L., born May 17, 1848, died November 26, 1852. Irving Smith has been identified with the agricultural pursuits of Ashtabula county tl7roughout his entire life. His estate contains 433 acres of rich and well cultivated land and he has a dairy of from fifty to sixty cows, thoroughbred and of a high grade (Holstein), and expects to buy more. During the Civil war he was a member of the "Squirrel Hunters," enlisting for service in September of 1862, and he was 'discharged on the 4th of March, 1863. He is now the only surviving HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1575 member of the once famous "Squirrel Hunters" in Monroe township out of the fifty-five men who enlisted with him. . Mr. Smith ran away from home to join the army, but was brought back by his father on account of his extreme youthfulness. He married Emma Huntley, who was born August 28, 1846, a daughter of Alvin and Sally (Haviland) Huntley, the father born September 6, 1817, and died in 1893, and the mother was born December 5, 182). In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Smith are five children. The eldest,. Lucia E., born May 25, 1870, is a graduate of the New Lyme schools, and also spent one year in study at Oberlin. She is a member of Orion Chapter, No. 12, O. E. .S., of the Woman's Shakespearean Club of Kingsville, Ohio. Ella, born May 3, 1873, died August 30, 1893 ; Alice, born November 26, 1875, died November 17, 1891 ; George, born September 1o, 1878, and Charles Leland, born July 24, 1889, both at home with their parents. Mr. Smith, the father, is a member of the Home. Guards, and the family are members of the Congregational church, which he has. served as a trustee for twelve years. The sons, George and Lee, are running the home place and are meeting with good success. JACOB KUEBELER.—One of Sandusky's widely known citizens and highly honored for his unaffected generosity, as well as for his strong qualities as a' business man and his stanch traits as a citizen, was the late Jacob Kuebeler, who passed away in the. city which had been his home for over forty years, on June18, 1904. Mr. Kuebeler was a native of Germany, born in Hering.en, Hessen-NasSau, in the year 1838. He learned the trades of; a cooper and brewer in the fatherland, and mastered them in the thorough fashion which is characteristic of his countrymen. Consequently in' 1860, when he came to the United States, he was well equipped for a successful career in any German-American community of the middle west. Choosing Sandusky as .the. field of his. endeavors and nperations, the young man, first secured employment as foreman in the Fox brewery, holding that, position, with a growing reputation in his trade and industry for a period of six years; or until it was sold. In the winter of 1866 he went to Clyde, Sandusky county, where he-was engaged .for a time in chopping timber to be made into casks.. The: five succeeding months were spent at Akron, and in the fall of 1867 he returned to Sandusky Vol. III-20 and in partnership with his brother, August, established a brewery which became so widely known under the name of the. J. Kuebeler Company Brewery. Mr. Kuebeler's continuous residence in Sandusky dates from this year, and it was largely through his practical skill in all departments of the business, as well as his sound financial judgment, that the enterprise developed from modest proportions into one of the leading industries of the city. With the increase of his private means, his naturally generous character bore abundant fruit for the public benefit. No good cause turned from him empty-handed whenever his judgment approved its objects, and it was within his power to assist it along practical lines.of progress. Although placed in the class of non-church members, many citizens of means who were numbered among the religionists were far less generous than he in the advancement of the Christian cause. In 1864 Mr. Kuebeler: was united in marriage with Miss Christina Zimmerman, daughter of John M. and Rosena (Boos) Zimmerman, both natives of.Baden, Germany. They emigrated to Sandusky in 1859, Mr. Zimmerman following his trade as a cooper until the time of his death in 1897. His wife had passed away in 1882. Mr. and Mrs: Zimmerman be-' came the parents of ten children, seven of whom are living. To this union of Mr. and Mrs. Kuebeler, two daughters were born—Minnie and Annie, both alive. Minnie married John Dorn, of Sandusky, and Annie is the wife of George J. Schade, a coal dealer of Sandusky. NATHAN SHINN.—Worthy of special mention in this brief record of those who have been. identified with the development and advancement of the industrial prosperity of the Western Reserve are many who have passed from the realms of earthly bounds to the life beyond, among this number being Nathan Shinn, late of Huron, who was an honored member of the community in which he was so long a resident. A native of Ohio, he was born,. in 1831, in Licking county, where his parents, Stacey and Hester (Powell) Shinn,. located on removing from New Jersey, their native state. Left fatherless when but three years old, Nathan Shinn was adopted by Rev. Ezekiel Gavitt, a Methodist minister, at whose home in Ashley, Ohio, he resided until twenty-one years old. Coming then to Erie county, he remained in Huron a few years, and then, in 1576 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE 1856, migrated with his family to Warren, Illinois, where he lived six years. Not content with his financial prospects in the locality, Mr. Shinn then returned to Huron, Ohio, and here followed his trade of a wagonmaker and carpenter, finding plenty of work. In 1864, towards the close of the Civil war, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he served gallantly for a period of five months. Then rejoining his family in . Huron, he continued his residence in this place until his death, in 1908. He was a man of undoubted integrity, a representative citizen, a conscientious Christian, and was held in high respect throughout this part of Erie county. He was an earnest advocate of the principles formulated by the Republican party, and was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. In his religious views he was a Methodist, belonging to the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Shinn married, in 1854, in Huron, Ohio, Sarah Ann Cleveland, who was born in this place in 1834, and has the distinction of being the oldest living citizen in Huron, the house in which her birth. occurred having stood on the site of the lighthouse. Five children were born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Shinn, namely : Louisa ; Mary, deceased ; Charles, deceased ; Stella ; and George, of Huron, a paint and paper merchant. FRANK CHAPIN MOODEY. - The Western Reserve was fortunate in having been settled by men of intellectual and moral stamina and force, people who brought to the border line habits of industry, thrift and honesty that had characterized the Pilgrini and Puritan Fathers. With fortitude and courage they endured the hardships that beset them on every side, including the savagely bitter winters, for which they could make but scant preparation. Little do the people of these later generations realize the privations and trials endured, the great ambition required. and the physical strength demanded to secure the homes established by the pioneers for themselves and their descendants. Prominent among these early settlers was Robert Moodey, grandfather of Frank Chapin Moodey, the special subject of this brief sketch. Robert Moodey was born October 6, 1788,. in Washington county,. Pennsylvania, and there grew to a stalwart manhood. In 1812, soon after attaining his majority, he- came to Ohio, locating in Painesville, where he subsequently resided, an active and enterprising citizen, who contributed his share in developing the industrial interests of the place. He married; April 6, 1815, in Mentor, Ohio, Margaret Kerr. She was born April 6, 1790, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and came to the Reserve with her parents in 1812, with them settling in Mentor. Moses Kerr Moodey, father of Frank C. Mdodey, was born in Painesville, Ohio, September 7, 1820, where he spent the greater part of his life. He married Hannah M. Chapin, who was born in Albany, New York. Frank Chapin Moodey was born in Painesville, Ohio, and here received his elementary education, completing his studies at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, in Brooklyn, New York. A man of superior business ability and tact, he is now carrying on a substantial business as a manager of real estate transactions. He is a stanch Republican in politics and a most loyal and public-spirited citizen. Mr. Moodey married, November 9, 1881, in Painesville, Ohio, Lydia C. Steele, a woman of culture, who was graduated from Smith College, in Northampton, Massachusetts. Her father, Hon. George V. Steele, a former member of the Ohio State Legislature, married Sarah Adams Palmer. Mr. and Mrs. Moodey are the parents of five children, namely : Frank Chapin, Jr. ; Alice Marian, wife of Charles L. Wyman, of the. United States Army ; Lillian Hannah, attending Smith College ; Joel Steele ; and Florence. CAPTAIN JOHN W. MANNING.-A lifelong resident of Ohio, Captain John W. Manning served with distinction in the Civil war, by his bravery and gallant conduct winning a captain's commission, while in private life he was esteemed and beloved for his manly strength and upright life. He was born, February 23, 1827, in Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, a son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Line) Manning, both of whom were born and lived and died in Ohio. He was of English descent, his grandfather Manning having emigrated to the United States from England in colonial days, after his arrival in the country serving as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. In i86x, during the strenuous times of the Civil war, Mr. Manning enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for a period of three years or until the close of the struggle. A brave and faithful soldier, he was promoted from time to time, receiving his commission as first lieutenant and afterwards HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1577 being made captain of his company. He enlisted in Cincinnati and received his discharge in 1865. Four of his brothers served in the same company. At the close of the war Captain Manning was for some time engaged in business at Sidney, Ohio, afterwards dealing in furniture at Ada, Hardin county. Leaving that place in 1892, the captain located at Sandusky, and was here a resident until his death, December 30, 1909. Although not an aspirant for public office, Captain Manning took great interest in political affairs, invariably supporting the Republican ticket at the polls, and was taken to the polls in a invalid chair to vote for Taft. Fraternally he was a member of the Loyal Legion of the United States and of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. Captain Manning married, in 1898, Margaret Kidd, who was born in Ireland, and came to. America with her parents, Joseph and Eliza (Warren) Kidd, in 1851. Mr. Kidd located first in Sandusky, Ohio, but afterwards bought fifty. acres of land in Perkins township, and having improved a good farm, was there engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, December 7, 1881. His wife survived him, passing away February 19, 1889, in her ninetieth year. WILLIAM BURGETT; JR. Prominent among the early settlers of Harpersfield township, Ashtabula county, was William Burgett, Sr., who came here from New York with his fainily in 1819, being then past forty years of age, his birth having occurred in 1776. Wild animals of all kinds then roamed at will through the dense woods, and a few Indians remained, but were for the most part friendly. Building a log cabin, he was here employed as a tiller of the soil until his death, in 1830. He married, in New York, Abbie Andrews, by whom he had seven children, as follows : William, Jr., the special subject of this sketch ; Jehoiakim, born in 1801, died in 1850; John, Reuben, Priscilla, David, and Ursula. William Burgett, Jr., was born August 22, 1813, and at the age of six years came with his parents to Ohio. As soon as old enough he began assisting his father in the pioneer labor of clearing a homestead, and .was subsequently engaged in general farming on his own account, for ten or more years being an extensive manufacturer of cheese. He was a man of considerable prominence, and his death, January 16, 1886, was a loss to the community. William Burgett, Jr.,. married Mary Pool, who was born in 1819, and died in January, 1886, very nearly at the time that he passed away, and they were buried in the same grave, their funeral obsequies occurring at the same time. Seven children were born of their union, namely : Henry, born July 22, 1839 ; Harrison, born in 1842, lives in Florida ; Jane, born in 1844, resides in Girard, Ohio ; John, born in 1846, is a resident of Lenox, Ashtabula county ; Ward, born in 1854, died in 1890 ; Marietta ; and Ella, born in 1862. Henry Burgett, the oldest son, assisted his father both on the farm and in the cheese factory, and has succeeded to the ownership of the old homestead. He has fro acres of land, and is engaged in dairying and general farming, keeping a small flock of sheep. He married, in 1875, Alice Hitchcock, who was born October 28, 1855. Their only child, Edith, born April 12, 1876, died August 26, 1899. GEORGE F. HILL, a retired business man of Berlin Heights, is a native of Erie county, and is a representative of one of its oldest and best known families. In the year 1847 he was born, at Birmingham, son of Benjamin Lord and Joanna (Greer) Hill. The paternal grandparents, Noah and Sukey (Butler) Hill, were natives of Connecticut, the former born at North Guilford and the latter at Haddam. The grandfather purchased land at the present site of Berlin Heights in 1811, and in 1817 settled upon it with his family. A portion of his homestead had already been cleared and set out to fruit trees, as the locality had been pronounced especially good for horticulture. In order to "make both ends meet," Mr. Hill spent considerable time during the early period of his residence here as a shipbuilder, his work taking him especially to Sandusky, where he was employed on the first vessel ever constructed at that point. In later years he devoted himself entirely to the cultivation and improvement of his farm at Berlin Heights, and the manifold duties which his fellows entrusted to him in the line of public affairs. For a number of years he served as justice of the peace, and thereafter was generally known as Squire Hill. He was a charter member of the first Congregational church to be organized, and was altogether a generous,, liberal-minded and charitable man—that rare type of a Christian who was even more ready to help others than himself. This good and useful man died August 27, 1864, nearly eighty years of age, while his wife survived until August 21, 1880, 1578 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE when she passed away, in her ninety-seventh year. Benjamin Lord Hill, the son of Noah and the father of. George F., was born in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, on the i8th of December, 1813, and was therefore four years of age when his parents located at Berlin Heights and there established the family homestead. The boy received his early education at that place and at Milan, six miles distant, the latter being for a number of years an educational center as well as a business and shipbuilding town. At the age of seventeen; after he had finished the higher courses at the Milan Institute. he went to Norwalk to study law, but after being admitted to the bar engaged in business at Birmingham. Several years afterward his health was so undermined that he moved to Worthington, Franklin county, in order to receive the benefit of skillful medical treatment. This was in 1847. The study of his own physical condition, with methods of treatment, led to the mastery of the necessary courses by which he eventually graduated in medicine and commenced practice. Dr. Hill obtained wide reputation both as a practitioner and an author. In 1863 he went to Nicaragua as United States consul, and afterward served as a member of the legislatures of Ohio and Michigan, also becoming well known in the lumber trade of the latter state. He is further remembered as the founder of a water cure at Berlin Heights, which flourished exceedingly until the buildings were destroyed by fire. Dr. Hill was a Whig until the formation of the Republican party, and is said to have made the first speech in Berlin township in support of its principles and its candidates. He died at Marysville, California, in 1871, and at the time of his decease had attained the, highest degree of Masonry, besides being, an Odd Fellow in good standing. Although a member of no church, he donated liberally to all, and was a noble "free lance" in all good causes. Mrs. Benjamin L. Hill was born at Worthington, Ohio, on the 21st of January, 1818, and was a daughter of Joseph and Nancy A. Greer ___ the former a native of Belfast, Ireland. George F. Hill, son of this couple, received, his early education at Berlin Heights, as had his father before him. For a year he was also a student at Antioc College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, and in his sixteenth year served for a time in the Ninth Ohio Cavalry during the period. of the Civil War.. For a number of years afterward he engaged in farming near Berlin Heights, then selling his farm and establishing an implement depot in town. On account of ill-health he was obliged to retire from business. In 1870 Mr. Hill was united in marriage to Miss Mary Steen, daughter of Charles and Lorenda (Stevens) Steen, natives, respectively, of the North of Ireland and the State of New York. Mrs. Hill's grandfather on the maternal side was Thomas Stevens, who came in 1818 and settled at Berlin Heights, where he resided until his death in 1835. He was the second justice of the peace in the township. He was also a teacher of considerable note in those times. The four children of this union are Maora, Aletha, Lyle and Harvey. The father has always been a stanch Republican, as well as a faithful Mason and a comrade of the G. A. R. He served as postmaster of Berlin Heights for for years, and Mrs. Hill has been postmistress for some time. The daughter, Aletha, is a graduate of Lake Erie College, while the son, Lyle, is a graduate of the electrical department of the Michigan University and a member of the faculty of that institution. HALSEY HULBURT, who first came to Medina county in 183o, as a young man of twenty-four, passed sixty years of usefulness and honor in that section of the Western Reserve, and at his death in Seville, 1890, stood among the foremost agriculturists, business men and citizens of his community. Prior to 183o, the family had been established at Enfield, Hartford county, Connecticut, for four generations, and was therefore among the best known of the early emigrants from the mother state.   The first of the name to come to. America was William "Hulburd," who sailed from. Plymouth, England, March 20, 1630, and located at Dorchester (Boston), Massachusetts, on the following 30th of May. Hisson, William, who was born in 1654, made his home at Enfield, Connecticut. Obadiah, of the third generation in the American genealogy, was born in.17o3, and married Love Parson. Their son Obadiah, born in 1738, married Jane Pease, August 28, 1766, and their second child, also Obadiah, was born March 9, 1769, and died at Enfield, March 17, 1814. Obadiah Hulburt married Rachel Burr, at Norfolk, Connecticut, on April 22, 1805 ; she died February 7, 1813. Mrs. Rachel Hulburt was a .daughter of Daniel and Betsey (Brown) Burr, being a descendant HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1579 of Benjamin Burr, an original settler of Hartford, and of Peter Brown, a "Mayflower" pilgrim. Her maternal grandfather, Titus Brown, served in the ranks of the Ninth Connecticut militia, and was one of the brave twenty-four men of Norfolk who so promptly responded to the Lexington Alarm of April, 1775. He was a native of Windsor, Connecticut, both he and his brother, Cornelius Brown, located at Norfolk, as its pioneer settlers, in 1774. Titus Brown served in the Connecticut contingent of militia for more than four years of the Revolutionary war, being transferred from the Ninth Regiment to Captain David Haft's company, with which he was identified in August and September, 1776 ; and was in Captain Charles Smith's Company from November, 1776, to December 26, 1779. Three sons were born to Obadiah Hulburt and Rachel Burr : Halsey, January. 27, 18o6 ; Daniel Burr, April 23, 1808, and William, December 20, 1810. As his father died when he was eight years old and his mother, when he was seven, Halsey Hulburt was reared by his grandmother on the homestead at Enfield. He acquired a good common school education, which was supplemented by academic advantages, and he taught school eight winters from. the age of twenty. In the spring of 183o, with Calvin Chapin, Mr. Hulburt first visited Westfield, Medina county, where the young men purchased land, and, during the succeeding summer, made a clearing of seventeen acres on their property. In the fall Halsey returned to Connecticut, where he passed the winter in teaching school, and on March 24, 1831, was united in marriage with Miss Betsey Moses, daughter of Thomas and Abigail (Brown) Moses, of Norfolk. Soon after their marriage in 1831, Mr. and Mrs. Halsey Hulburt settled in their little log cabin at Westfield, Ohio, where they lived until 1835, when the husband built the larger and more modern residence in which they resided until they passed from earth. Mrs. Hulburt died September 16, 1898, aged ninety-three years, and her husband died March 3, 189o, aged eighty-four. They were the parents of eight children, five of whom died in childhood ; the survivors are Julia ; Mrs. Mary (Hulburt)' Matteson, of Seville ; and William Hulburt. From the first of his residence at Westfield, Mr. Hulburt was a prominent man in the community. He held various township offices and in 1856 was elected to the responsible position of director of the Ohio. Farmers' Insurance Company, for ten years serving in that capacity with fidelity and honor. He was a lover of his country and her liberal institutions, and gave his testimony and practical life against any favoritism, through fraternal combinations, as uncalled for and disastrous to a free and open Republican government. Originally a Whig, in the early agitation of the anti-slavery question in the United States he marshaled his forces on the side of the oppressed, and was outspoken and bold in denouncing the institution. Halsey Hulburt was one of three in Westfield, and one of seven in Medina county, to cast his vote for James G. Burney, the first presidential candidate for the anti-slavery party; and in 1849 he was nominated by that political organization for representative to the legislature of Ohio. His home was one of the by stations on the Underground Railway, and many a fleeing-fugitive did he assist on his way to a land of freedom, to several of the downtrodden race giving substantial aid in gaining an education. Always identified With movements to advance the interests of humanity, his intellectual endowments were of a high order . His memory and powers of observation were remarkable, and few were more conversant with history, or more closely noted the' trend of current events. The deceased was also not only a practical Christian in his every-day life, but a liberal supporter of church and missionary enterprises. WILLIAM HULBURT, who is the owner of one of the finely conducted and model farms of Westfield township, is also a leader in the public affairs of that section of Medina county—a locality in which he has spent his entire life of useful and honorable activities. He was born in the township named, April 16, 1842, to Halsey and Betsey (Moses) Hulburt. The father was a native of Litchfield county, Connecticut, where he was born in 18o6 and reached early manhood. In 1830 he moved to Medina county, first spending his winters in teaching school and his summers in farm work. The Hulburt family is of Welsh origin, the great-great-great-grandfather being a native, of Wales who emigrated to the United States and settled near Dorchester, Massachusetts. Obadiah, one of his sons who was.born in 1703, became the great-great-grandfather of William ; Obadiah, born in 1738, became his great-grandfather, and another Obadiah, born March 9, 1769, became his grandfather. On April 22, i8o5, the last named married Miss Rachel Burr, a near relative of Aaron Burr, and to this 1580 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE union were born the following : Halsey (father of William), born January 27, 1806 ; Daniel D., born April 23, 18o8 (deceased), and William, born December. 20, 181o. The father of Halsey died when the latter was but eight years of age, and soon afterward the boy was thrown on his own resources. When twenty years of age he began to teach school and continued thus for eight winters. In 1830 he located in Westfield, where, in company with a Mr. Chapin, he partially cleared seventeen acres of land. He returned to Connecticut in the fall of that year, passed the following winter in that state and married Miss Betsey, daughter of Thomas and Abigail (Brown) Moses. Mrs. Hulburt is the only member of her father's family of five sons and five daughters who is alive. The eight children of their union—Julia, William, Mary, Hiram, Obadiah, Rachel, William and Elenore, are all deceased, with the exception of William Hulburt of this sketch and Julia and Mary. In the spring of 1831 Mr. and Mrs. Halsey Hulburt moved to Westfield township, Medina county, and for many years thereafter shared the hardships and joys of pioneer domestic life in a rude log cabin. With the passage of the years, however, came a comfortable home and a generous competency as the result of untiring industry, intelligently directed along practical channels. Mr. Hulburt Served as township trustee for many years, and in 1856, was elected to the responsible position of director, of the Ohio Farmers Insurance' Company. In his earlier manhood he was a Whig and a strong Abolitionist, and was one of the first three in the township to cast his ballot for the anti-slavery party. Later, he became a Republican, and whatever his party affiliations was ever a firm supporter of education and morality. William Hulburt of this review was educated in the district school and Seville Academy ; was reared a farmer and assisted his father on the home farm of 225 acres until the death of the latter. He then purchased the interests of the other heirs and has since owned and operated this fine property for the raising both of grain and live stock. As a Republican and a representative citizen, he has served Westfield township for sixteen years as trustee and has also been a member of the school board for seventeen. years. His religious connections as well as those of his family, are with the First Presbyterian church of Seville. Mr. Hulburt married April 27, 1871, Miss Caroline Chambers, a daughter of John G. and Mary A. (Stemmons) Chambers. The father was a native of Pennsylvania, but he came with his father to Milton township, Medina county, in early days and later, in 1836, went to Guilford township. Mrs. Hulburt's mother is a native of Wayne county, Ohio, and Mrs. Hulburt was the oldest of four children. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hulburt : Flora May, now Mrs. W. J. Ellenberger, of Cleveland ; Harold C. married a farmer of Westfield township ; William L., a neighbor of his parents ; Theran, the superintendent of electric lighting plant of Nelsonville, Ohio ; Tina, eight months old when she died ; Carl and Ralph, at home,-and Rachel, the youngest, a student in the high school at Leroy. THE HON. RUSH RICHARD SLOANE, who died on December 21, 1908, at his home in Sandusky, Ohio, at the time of his death was the incumbent of the office of president of the Firelands Historical Society, an office which he had held continuously for ten years. He was a product of the Firelands, and proved in his lifetime that the sterling virtues of his New England ancestors were not rendered less rugged by the transplanting of the family from the grudging soil of the east to the fair garden of the Firelands. He was an influential member of the Firelands Historical Society, in many ways promoting its welfare and usefulness, and among his notable works in its behalf was his gift of five hundred dollars toward the erection of the new, substantial and beautiful building of the city, in the fireproof portion of which are housed and safely guarded many priceless mementoes of the unique history of the Fire-lands. Judge Sloane was born in Sandusky on the 18th of September, 1828, and his life's span covered eighty years. A part of his educational training was acquired in Norwalk Acad- emy, which he attended in his young manhood. He studied law and was admitted to practice at Mansfield, Ohio, on the day he arrived at his majority, while later he was enrolled among the attorneys licensed to practice in the supreme court of the United States and in other federal courts, but he did not long continue in the active practice of the profession. In 1852, under the infamous fugitive slave law of 1850, he was prosecuted by the government for assisting in the defense of some escaping slaves and was heavily fined. He was a delegate in 1856 to the convention that or- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1581 ganized the Republican party, was city clerk of Sandusky from 1855 to 1857, and in the latter year the people of Erie county, both in recognition of his sterling anti-slavery views and as a rebuke to the fugitive slave law under which he had suffered, elected him to the office of probate judge of Erie county, an office which his son; the Hon. Thomas M. Sloane, now .so worthily succeeds him. He was reelected to that position, but resigned the office in 1861 to accept the appointment made by President Lincoln as special agent of the post-office department, with headquarters at Chicago, and in 1867 he resigned that office to accept. the presidency of the Sandusky, Dayton and Cincinnati Railroad Company, which office he filled for about ten years. In 1872 he was the candidate of his district for representative in congress on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by a small plurality. He also served as mayor of the city of Sandusky one term. Judge Sloane possessed an active mind, a boundless energy, great tenacity of purpose and a singular aptitude for large business interests. He was a remarkable. judge of property values, and this qualification enabled him to amass a large fortune, and his estate at the time of his death was one of the largest in Erie county. He also built the Sloane block and hotel. In 1854 Judge Sloane Was married to Sarah E. Morrison, of Rochester, New York, who died in 187o, leaving two sons, Frank G. Sloane and the Hon. Thomas M. Sloane, both of Sandusky. In 1871 Judge Sloane wedded Hannah Marshall, of this city, who died in 1872, the mother of one child. In 1874 Helen F. Hall, of Elyria, became his wife, and she survives him, the mother of their two daughters—Mrs. Helen S. Ford, of Detroit, Michigan, and Mrs. Mary B. Hamilton, of Dunkirk, New York. Judge Sloane's paternal grandfather, William Sloane, served as a captain and was severely wounded in the Revolutionary war. His father was Colonel John Nelson Sloane, one of the organizers of the parish of ,Grace Episcopal church of Sandusky, a member of its first vestry and was made one of its wardens shortly after its organization. The judge's mother was Cynthia Strong, daughter of Abner Strong, in whose honor Strong Ridge was named Judge Sloane was for many years and until his death a member of Grace .church, Sandusky, and for some time a member of its vestry. He belonged to the Society of Sons of the American Revolution and was a life member of the Ohio Archaelogical and Historical Society. He was a lover of books, and his extensive library contained many rare and valuable volumes. Judge Sloane was happy in his domestic life, was a kind, considerate and indulgent father, a devoted friend and a man loved and honored wherever known. GEORGE L. MASON.—A man of sterling integrity and great enterprise, whose word and ability can always be relied upon, George L. Mason, of Geneva, has for upward of half a century been connected with the leading industries of Ashtabula county, either as a merchant or as a manufacturer. A son of Deacon Hezekiah Mason, he was born, May 28, 1834, in Ripley, Chautauqua county, New York. He comes of English ancestry, being a descendant of Samson Mason, who immigrated from England to the United States in 1734, the line being continued through his son Jacob, who was one of a family of eleven children, and thence through Jacob's son Samson, the grandfather of George L. This branch of the Mason family contained several Baptist ministers, one of whom, a resident of Massachusetts, prepared a genealogy of the family. Hezekiah Mason, for more than forty years a deacon in the Baptist church, was born at Mason Hollow, near Fort Ann in Washington county, New York. He began business for himself in Chautauqua county, where he operated a woolen mill until his death, at the early age of forty-eight years. He married Rosanna Rich, who was born in Washington county, New York, and died in Chautauqua county when past eighty years of age. But fourteen years old when his father died, George L. Mason continued at school two years longer, and at the age of sixteen years began learning the tinner's trade at North East, Pennsylvania, serving an apprenticeship of three years, during which time he received in addition to his board forty dollars for the first year, fifty dollars the second and seventy five dollars the third year. He subsequently worked as a journeyman three years, being employed in New York. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Michigan. Locating in Geneva in 1854,' Mr. Mason opened a shop, and with the exception of the time that he was absent as .a soldier during the Civil war was here actively and prosperously engaged in the hardware business until 1894. On August 13, 1862, Mr. Mason enlisted in Company K, One 1582 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and as sergeant of his company remained with his regiment, excepting three months' confinement in the hospital, for three years. His regiment becoming a part of the Army of the Cumberland, Mr. Mason took an active part in the battle of Perrysville, where of the six hundred men in his regiment, two hundred and forty were wounded. He was at the front at Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, afterwards marching with Sherman to the sea, and during the three weeks the regiment was in Atlanta Sergeant Mason had command of his company. A history of this regiment, written by one of its brave members, the late Judge Albion W. Tourgee, is ,a fine review of the war. Resuming business on returning from the army, Mr. Mason was for nearly forty years one of the leading hardware dealers of this part of the county, for many years being junior member of the well-known firm of Holt & Mason. In company with his son Byron, in 1894, Mr. Mason began building steel hull steam yachts, for fourteen years carrying on an extensive and profitable business in this line. The boats of his construction were from forty feet to sixty-five feet in length, with accommodations for from fifty to seventy-five. passengers. These yachts were used as pleasure boats during the summer seasons, and brought prices varying, from $1,000 to $3,000, one of the most valuable having been purchased by Mr. Hopper, the Standard Oil man, for Whom it was especially built. These boats were used on various bodies of water, including the Maumee and Muskingum rivers and the lakes, the last one that he built being now in use on Conneaut Lake. Mr. Mason has spent the past three winters in Florida, enjoying the genial climate of the sea coast. He has accumulated considerable property in Geneva, owning three fine buildings. that he erected on West Main street and other property of value. On September 28, 1857, Mr. Mason married Abigail E. Fuller, who was born in Geneva, August 18, 1836, a daughter of Sylvester S. Fuller. A native of Otsego county, New York, Sylvester S. Fuller was born, February 26, 1793, at New Lisbon. At Batavia, New York, on March 6, 1814, he married Lucretia H. Beckwith, who was born at Lyme, Connecticut, September 18, 1799, and moved with her parents to western New York. He was then a beardless youth of scarce nineteen summers, just about to enlist as a soldier in the war of 1812, and she had not yet passed the fifteenth anniversary of her birth. In 1831 Mr. and Mrs. Fuller came to Ohio, settling in Geneva, on the homestead now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Mason. The old Fuller house on West Main street, which he built, was for many years one of the stage houses, at one time being used as a store. This tavern was twenty-two feet by forty feet, two stories in height, with a hall and a kitchen in the "L." Mr. Fuller was a most popular and accommodating landlord, and often had his house filled to overflowing. His estate extended to the Lake Shore. Railway tracks on the west, and much of it he sold as demands came for land in this vicinity, the Fuller House being closed after the building of the railroad, there being no further use for stages. Here Mr. and Mrs. Fuller spent the remainder of their lives, his death occurring March 16, 1865, and hers on October 16, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller reared three children, namely, Cordelia I., born July 17, 1817, who married Charles Harrington, moved to Jackson county, Michigan, and there resided until her death, at the age of four-score years ; Thomas B., born October 7, 1834, in the old Fuller Hotel, and Abbie E., now Mrs. Mason. Mr. and Mrs. Mason have one child, Byron F. Mason, born July 9, 1866, and engaged in the hardware business at Conneaut, Ohio. He married Ruby Warner, of Geneva, and they have three children, Eugene, Flora Belle and Bessie. GEORGE E. PAINE, the second son of Eleazer Paine, whose father founded Painesville, Lake county, was born at Chardon, Ohior on the 7th of October, 1827, and received his higher education at the Western Reserve College, from which, after a brilliant career, he graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1849. On January 28, 1854, he married, as his first wife, Miss Antoinette Tracy, who died September 29, 1867. In the war of the rebellion he served as captain of Company E, Nineteenth Ohio Infantry and later in the One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment. He retained a life-long affection for his alma mater, and in 1882 was the central figure in a reunion of his class of 1849, thirteen graduates from the old Western Reserve College gathering at his pleasant home in Painesville. In October, 1893, Captain Paine, then sixty-seven years of age, married as his second wife Miss Mary Pierce, of Hudson, Ohio, granddaughter of the president of Western Reserve College HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1583 when Mr. Paine was spending his student days there. He died at that place on July 24 of the following year, and is buried in the old family grounds in the Painesville cemetery. The Paine family is of ancient English origin, the first American citizen being Stephen, who, with others, organized the town, of Rehoboth, Bristol county, Massachusetts, in 1641. The three Stephens who followed were residents of that place and two of them were natives of it. Stephen Paine IV, who was a soldier in the French and Indian war of 1755. settled in North Bolton (now Vernon) Connecticut, and the fifth of the name, a Revolutionary patriot who saw Burgoyne surrender, was born in that town, but passed his last years in East Windsor. Eleazer Paine, fourth son of Stephen V, was born at East Windsor, Connecticut ; when fourteen years of age w Is a drummer boy in the Revolution ; paid his first visits to the future site. of Painesville. in 1800, 1801 and 1802, returning to Connecticut on horseback in the fall of each year ; moved to that locality in 1803, settling at what is now called Skinner's Landing, or New Market, and died there in 1804. Eleazer Paine, Jr., the fourth son, also a native of East Windsor, accompanied his father to Painesville in 1803 ; went with Captain Edward Paine to Chardon in 1810, and died at that place in 1832. He was the father of George E. Paine, a sketch of whom heads this review of the family. George B. Paine, first son of George E., was born at Painesville, September 24, 1856; and has passed many years in business as a successive resident of his native town, Cleveland and Ashtabula. BERTIE W. PECK, of Jefferson, has long been identified with the leading interests of Ashtabula county, having conducted an extensive business as a farmer and apiarist, and is now known throughout this section of the Western Reserve as sheriff of the county. Coming from excellent New England ancestry and the descendant of a pioneer family of prominence and influence, he was born, April 20, 1864, in Richmond, Ashtabula county, during the absence of his father, Darius Peck, who did not see him until he was fifteen months old. He is a lineal descendant of the immigrant ancestor, Deacon Paul Peck, who was horn in County Essex, England, in 1608, and in 1635 sailing in the Defence came to the United States, locating first in Massachusetts, and the following winter, in 1636, went with Rev. Thomas Hooker to Connecticut, becoming one of the proprietors of Hartford, where he subsequently resided until his death in 1695. Moses Peck, a descendant of Deacon Paul Peck, being his great-grandson, settled in Onondaga county, and there spent the later years of his life. His son, Justus Peck, the sixth generation from the Deacon, left Connecticut, his native state, in 1817, going to New Berlin, New York, where he resided ten years, after which he moved to Howard, Steuben county, where both he and his wife, whose maiden name was Huldah Ford, spent the remainder of their lives, his death occurring in 1843. Elisha Peck, the next in line of descent, came to Ohio in pioneer days and in 1866 located in Richmond Center, Ashtabula county, where he lived until his death, at the age of ninety-two years. He married Sally Simons, and their son, Edwin O. Peck, was the grandfather of Sheriff B. W. Peck. Edwin O. Peck, born in New York State, came to Ashtabula county at an early day, and was here engaged in agricultural pursuits during his days of activity, living first in Will iamsfield but later in Richmond township, where his death occurred in 1900, aged eighty-five years. His wife, whose maiden name was Laura E. Bartholomew, was born December 17, 182o, in Wayne township, Ashtabula county, Ohio, a dauihter of Ruth Ann (Ingraham) Bartholomew, and she still lives in Richmond, a well preserved woman of venerable years. Ten children were born of their union, namely, Sarah A., deceased ; Edwin O., Jr. ;, Darius B., father of B. W. Peck ; Lemuel A. deceased ; Justus L., Milo C., Luella R. Archie, de- ceased ; Charles E., and Dudley A. Edwin O. Peck was county commissioner six years, and served many terms as justice of the peace. Charles E. Peck, born June 23, 1856, in Richmond township, Ashtabula county, was for twenty-four years a railway mail clerk on the Lake Shore road. Since his retirement from the mail service he' has resided in Ashtabula, and is now superintendent of the school buildings of the city. He married, in 1882, Mary E. Fortune, of Jefferson, and they are the parents of tivo children, Walter E., a student in the University of Wooster, and Charles E.,. Jr. Darius B. Peck was born in Williamsfield, Ashtabula county, Ohio. and has been a lifelong resident of this county, his home now being in Richmond. During the Civil war he enlisted from Richmond township, and served in 1584 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE the army three and one-half years, being honorably discharged at the close of the conflict. He has since been engaged in agricultural pur'suits, carrying on general farming and stock raising. He married Narcissa M. Landon, who was born in Conneautville, Pennsylvania. Bertie W. Peck was reared on the farm and obtained a common-school education, remaining beneath the parental rooftree until twenty-four years of age. Developing while yet a boy a love for bee culture, he had several hives of his own when fifteen years of age, and gradually enlarged his stock until he had one hundred or more colonies. In connection with his farming he still makes bee raising a special feature of his work, being the leading apiarist of this part of the state. Mr. Peck has now three large apiaries in Ashtabula county, one in Richmond, one in Pierpont and another in Dorset, and finds this branch of industry extremely profitable, his bees in the. season of 1907 producing 12,000 pounds of honey. Since that time he has leased his colonies and his share of the output, amounting to 6,000 pounds, brought him in upwards of seven hundred dollars. Mr. Peck is considered an authority on everything connected with bee culture, and has served as president of the District Association of Bee Keepers and has taken an active part in one national convention, reading articles of interest and leading discussions on the topics, introduced, and has also published articles of interest in papers and magazines devoted to the interests. of apiarists. Mr. Peck has been prominent in public affairs, having served as constable of Richmond township twenty-one years. In 1906 he was elected sheriff' and assumed the office January I, 1907, serving with such ability that he was re-elected to the same position in the fall of 1908. Mr. Peck married Edna Britton, of Richmond, who lived but eighteen months after their marriage. By his second marriage he has two daughters, Mene and Lola, both attending high school. Fraternally Mr. Peck is a member and past commander of the Knights of 'the Maccabees, a member of AndcArer Lodge, I. O. O. F. ; of the Daughters of Rebekah, of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of the Order of the Eastern Star, and of the Ashtabula Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the Andover Grange and of the State Police Association. T. J. CHENEY.—The able and popular manager of the Taylor Inn at Lodi, Medina county, one of the finest hotels and most popular resorts of its kind in the Western Reserve, is T. J. Cheney, whose business career has been exceptionally varied in character, bringing him into contact with numerous classes in the most diverse sections of the country and giving him a broad experience in connection with. men and affairs, so that he is thoroughly cosmopolitan in his attitude, genial and gracious in his bearing and admirably qualified for the administrative position which he holds as manager of the beautiful Taylor Inn, to which he is giving a wide reputation for the generous and high-class entertainment which it affords. He is uniformly regarded as an ideal host, maintaining the utmost equipoise, having an intrinsic affability that never fails and being an interesting raconteur—in short, having the polished courtesy that ever marks the man of broad mental ken and wide experience. The fine hotel which is conducted under his supervision was erected by A. B. Taylor, of Lodi, as a memorial to his honored father, and it not only serves most admirably for the purpose designated, but also indicates the generosity and public spirit of the honored and influential citizen who thus provided Lodi with its greatest attraction. Mr. Taylor finally transferred the hotel property to Oberlin College, by which institution it is now owned. The erection of the Taylor Inn was initiated in 1899, and the beautiful building was completed within the following year, at a cost of about $85,000. It is an ornate and substantial structure of brick and cement, of most pleasing architectural design, is four stories in height, and its equipment throughout is of the best modern type, while many special and exceptional facilities are provided. The building is heated by steam and its supply of water for drinking purposes is secured by direct piping from a sparkling hillside spring about one-fourth of a mile distant. Not only is this supply abundant, ever cool and refreshing, but its purity is further assured by a perfect system of filtration before it is dispensed in the hotel. Two gas wells on the premises provide for the lighting of the building as well as for cooking in the model kitchens of the hotel. The grounds, laid out and designed with a view to symmetry and consistency, as a fit setting for the building, are 265 by 208 feet in dimensions, and include a fine tennis court and croquet HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1585 grounds at the rear of the main building. The entire building is covered with a roof of red tiling, which acids materially to its architectural attractiveness. The interior arrangements and equipments represent the acme of elegance and convenience. The spacious lobby has marble floor and wainscoting and the walls are handsomely frescoed in original and attractive design ; the dining hall is finished in quarter-sawed oak, with highly polished, hand-carved columns ; and both office and parlor are provided with beautiful fireplaces and mantels. The impressive staircase leading to the second floor is tiled with marble and highly polished brick. On the first floor are bright and well equipped billiard room and bowling alleys, and it may consistently be said that the entire building leaves nothing to be desired for insuring the comfort and enjoyment of its guests, all of whom have shown the highest appreciation. The cuisine is maintained at a high standard and is of thoroughly metropolitan order. After having thus given a brief description of the Taylor Inn it is most consonant that there should 'be incorporated data concerning its presiding genius, Mr. Cheney. He is a scion of stanch New England stock ..and the family was founded in America in the colonial epoch of our national history. T. J. Cheney was born at Brandon, Vermont, on September 27, 1847, and to the -excellent schools of his native place he is indebted for, his early educational discipline, which has been admirably supplemented through definite self-culture and through long and varied association with men and affairs. In his eighteenth year Mr. Cheney left the old Green Mountain state and made his way to Chicago. In Illinois he put his scholastic attainments to effective use by teaching in the public schools, proving successful and popular as an exemplar of the pedagogic profession. From Illinois he went to Kansas, and for several years he traveled about and did a large amount of excellent work as a decorator of churches, having marked artistic ability and practical facility. From Kansas he went to the city of St. Louis, where for three years he had supervision of various important interests. In 1878 he made the trip from Port Scott, Kansas, to Tampa, Florida, covering practically the entire distance with team and wagon, and in Tampa he engaged in the culture of oranges. He remained there some years and finally returned to St. Louis, where he built up a prosperous enterprise in the furnishing and fitting of hardwood floors. In 1896 Mr. Cheney again took up his abode in Chicago, where he engaged in the manufacture of automatic photographic cabinets. Afterward he passed a year on the Pacific coast. He then, in 1904, came to Lodi, Ohio, where he assumed the management of the Taylor Inn, a position of which he has since continued incumbent. Both as a host and as an executive he is admirably fortified for the managerial office which he holds, and his personal popularity in the community and among the many guests of his hotel is of the most unequivocal order. Mr. Cheney is also interested in fruit culture in Ceballos, Cuba, where he has forty acres devoted to the growing of grape-fruit and sixteen acres devoted to oranges. Mr. Cheney in the time-honored Masonic fraternity has attained to the thirty-second degree of the., Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, being identified with the consistory. His York Rite affiliations are with Lodi Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons ; West Salem Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and Wooster Commandery, No. 48, Knights Templar. He also holds membership in Elyria Lodge, No. 465, Benevolent and Protective. Order of Elks. After the death of his first wife Mr. Cheney married Mrs. Williams, who was born in Kentucky and who is a daughter of Abner B. Clark, who was a representative citizen of Woodburn, that state. Mr. Cheney's three sons are all able and reliable young business men, identified with industrial enterprises of great scope and importance. Claude is an office executive for the United States Steel Company ; O. H. is a representative in the city of Atlanta for the B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, of Akron, Ohio ; and Marvin is salesman for the great Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, of Milwaukee, with headquarters. at El Paso, Texas. Emma, the only daughter of Mr. Cheney, is the widow of A. A. Lock and resides in Richmond; Indiana. JAMES ELLIS MARSHALL.—The name of the late James Ellis Marshall occupies a distinguished place in the industrial history of Sandusky. He was born at Bradford, England, September 18, 1808, a son of James and Hannah (Booth) Marshall, who also had their nativity in the mother country. Mr: Marshall, the father, was a manufacturer of iron iN his native land. Two of his brothers came to the United States and had cotton mills in North Adams, Massachusetts, in which he had a share, although he never came to this country. 1586 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE James, his son, came to this country in 1835 to take charge of his father's interests in North Adams. In his mills there the raw material was manufactured into cloth, and in 1800 two brothers of James Marshall bought the raw material in the South, but owing to Napoleon's having control over the South the product had to be shipped to England and thence reshipped to North Adams, Massachusetts, where it was made into. cloth and then sent up to Hudson, New York. to be printed: From 1849 until 1857 Mr. Marshall was engaged in the iron business, but his health failing in the latter year he retired from the business and returned to England, and on coming again to America he located in Sandusky in the spring 'of 186o. Here he became interested in and continued with a tool company for a few years, finally retiring, and at the age of ninety-nine he passed from this life in March of 1907. There were four children in the family of James E. Marshall, as follows : Joseph, who resides in North Dakota ; Mary E., the widow of Lewis Moss, and a resident of Sandusky ; Hannah, deceased, and Benjamin, who died from the effects of the Galveston good. Lewis Moss was born in New Berlin, New York, and came to Sandusky in 1858, engaging in the lumber business, and later he be came the manager of the city's gas company, and still later he went to Columbus and embarked in the iron business. There the family resided for a number of years, until Mr. Moss finally sold his interests there and with his family went to Europe and remained across the water for three years. They then returned to New York, and Mr. Moss died there in 1893. Following his death his widow went again to Europe, but after a short time returned to America, and in 1899 she located in Sandusky and has since resided in this city. The three children born to Mr. and Mrs. Moss are all living, and they are Bessie, Lewis and James Moss. DWIGHT L. CROSBY.—A man of marked financial and executive ability, Dwight Leonard Crosby, cashier of the First National Bank of Jefferson, is widely and favorably known throughout this section of Ashtabula county, coming from a family that has been prominent in the county since early pioneer days. He was born in Rome, Ohio, a son of Levy Crosby and grandson of Elijah Crosby, one of the first settlers of that place. The family from which he is descended originated in Yorkshire, England, in a place called "Crosby," and was first represented on American soil by Simon and Ann Crosby, who immigrated to this country in 1635, crossing the ocean in the "Susan Ellen" and settling in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Elijah Crosby was born in East Haddam, Connecticut; in 1764, and there married Phoebe Church. In 1806 he came with his wife and children, then numbering nine, to Rome, Ashtabula county, Ohio, where he cleared a farm from the wilderness, and on that homestead three more children were added to the family circle: There he and his good wife spent the remainder .of their lives, his death occurring in 1835. Of their twelve children six were sons, as follows : Calvin, who died at the age of twenty-five years ; Eliab, born in 1797, died in 1884 in San Diego, California ; Joseph, born in 18o1, spent the greater part of his life in Rome, Ohio, but died in 1880. in Michigan ; Levi, born in 1803, died in 1883, and Elijah, born. in 1805, died in 1892, being the last one of the family then surviving, and Henry was drowned in the Grand river when but twenty-one years old. Of the six daughters five grew to years of maturity. Levi Crosby was but three years of age when he came with his parents to Ashtabula county: He settled in Rome, Ohio, and was here employed in tilling the soil during his active life. He was twice married. He married first Sarah Leonard, who was born in Herkimer county, New York, being one of a family of six girls, all of whom were expert weavers. Three of these Leonard girls settled in Rome, Ohio, Flavia, who married David Walkley, being the first to come ; Mary. wife of Justin Williams, being the second, and Sarah, the third. Some of the linen woven by Mrs. Sarah Crosby is now owned by her daughter, Mrs. Douglas, who prizes it highly. Mr. Crosby married for his second wife Mrs. Mattalena C. (Wright) Willey, who was born in 18io and died in 1902. His children, four in number, were all by his first marriage, namely, Giles Henry, living on the home farm, in Rome ; Dwight Leonard, whose name appears at the head of this sketch ; Maria, wife of Edwin Douglas, of Jefferson, and Jane E., wife of Captain A. W. Stiles, of Rock Creek, Ohio. On January 2, 1863, Maria Crosby, who was born in Rome, Ohio, March 16, 184o, married Edwin Douglas, who was born, March 6, 1836, in Salem, New London county, Connecticut, HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1587 and was brought by his parents, Erastus and Mary Latimer Rathbone, to Ohio when an infant. When two and one-half years old Edwin was taken by his mother's sister Lucy, and her husband, William Douglas, who subsequently legally adopted him, and brought him up as their own child. He succeeded to the ownership of the old Douglas homestead in Rome, Ashtabula county, and was there profitably employed in its management until his retirement from active pursuits, and still owns the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas now reside in Jefferson, Ashtabula county, enjoying the fruits of their years of farm labor. They have two children, namely : William Edwin, born July 24, 1865, is a wholesale lumber dealer, and Levi Crosby, born September 19, T868, is engaged in the retail lumber business in Jefferson. M. R. SMITH is an able lawyer and jurist, has served three years as the mayOr of Conneaut, is its present city solicitor, is a director of the Conneaut Mutual Loan and Trust Company and has had a long connection with the public life of his community. .Born in Carlton, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1864, he is a son of John and Katherine (Patton) Smith, and he is a graduate of the State Normal School of Pennsylvania with the class of 1887. During four years thereafter" he was connected with the teacher's profession in the state of his birth, thus becoming entitled to a life certificate, but in the fall of 1890 he abandoned educational work to become a member of the legal profession. After studying in the office of Judge J. F. Burkey of Findlay he was admitted to the bar on the 3d of January, 1891, and continued as a practitioner of that city until coming to Conneaut in 1899, where he follows a general line of practice. He is a Mason, an Elk, an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Pythias. Mr. Smith married Miss Effie L. Morris, cf Fordyce, Pennsylvania, in 1893. WILBER F. STANLEY.—In his special relations to Conneaut, Wilber F. Stanley has been honored for many years as one of its most active and practical promoters, and throughout the Western Reserve as one of the prominent men in that section of Ohio engaged in the actual building of its railroads. He is a native of Northfield, Summit county, Ohio, born on the 19th of February, 1843, and is a son of Daniel S. and Hannah C. (Cranmer) Stanley. His father was a native of Vermont and his mother, of New York, the former going to Ohio in 1816 and settling on the Summit county farm which, was so long the family homestead and upon which he spent the last period of his life. Both he and his wife died in 188o, the mother at the age of seventy-eight years and the father at eighty. They were active members of the Methodist church, becoming acquainted at a camp Meeting held by members of that denomination and continuing steadfast and ardent in the faith throughout the many years of their marriage. Daniel S. held various official positions in the church, and as he also served for a number of years as justice of the peace and was somewhat of a leader in the public affairs of the locality, few men were better known or more highly respected than he. W. F. Stanley, the youngest of the twelve children born to Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Stanley, remained on his father's farm until he was eighteen years of age and received his education in the public schools of Summit county. In 1861 he went west as far as the Wisconsin pineries, in which he was employed for two years, when he returned to Ohio and engaged in the railroad business, and, with the exception of about nine, months spent in the Union army, served as track master for a division of the Lake Shore Railroad until 1871. In March, 1865, he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and remained in the service until November of that year, participating in several skirmishes, but most of the time being on guard duty. Mr. Stanley became a resident of Conneaut February 1, 1863, and since 1871 has spent most of his active business life as a railroad contractor and in the development of his large interests in the city. His railroad building has been largely confined to the Lake Shore system and the Camden system in. West Virginia, to which as a constructor he .has contributed several hundred miles. In. 1890 he completed the Stanley block, which is the most substantial business building in the city, and for many years he has been a stockholder and a director of the Conneaut Mutual Loan Association, which has done so much in the advancement of the general property interests of the place. In politics he is a Republican and has served Conneaut as its mayor for two terms, his administrations being noteworthy for the public improvements accomplished. In the fraternities, Mr. Stanley is also a figure of activity and 1588 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE prominence. In Masonry he is past master of Evergreen Lodge No. 222, past high priest of Conneaut Chapter, No. 76, past T. I. M. of Conneaut Council, No. 4o, and past commander of Cache Commandry, No. 27, being the only living charter member of that cornmandry. He also belongs to the Knights of Pythias and the B. P. O. E. (Conneaut Lodge, No. 256), and is a comrade of Custer Post No. 9, Grand Army of the Republic. On May 9, 1871, Mr. Stanley married Miss Alice Gould, daughter of Loren and Mary (Silverthorne) Gould, of Conneaut. Mrs. Stanley's father came from New York at a very early day and settled at Conneaut. He has been a merchant, but entered local politics with such affect that he was retained as township clerk for a period of thirty years. Loren Gould married Mary Silverthorne in 1840, anit their five living 'offspring are scattered from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. CAPTAIN ADDISON H. PEARL.-A man Of strong traits of character, energetic, persistent and of great executive power, Captain Addison H. Pearl, of Huron, holds an assured position among the citizens of prominence and influence, being one whom, as tar as is known, "all sorts and conditions of men" honor and respect. Patriotic and public spirited, he served his country as a brave soldier in its time of need, and has since served in various offices of trust and responsibility, performing the duties devolving upon him with unswerving fidelity and indefatigable energy. A son of Oliver Pearl, he was born, in 1830, in Berlin township, Erie county, Ohio, of substantial New England ancestry. Oliver Pearl was born, November 10, 1788, in Ellington, Tolland county, Connecticut, where he was brought up and educated. In 1819, accompanied by his family, he came to Ohio, making a large part of the long journey with an ox team. Before leaving his New England home he had traded his landed property in Connecticut for two tracts of Ohio land, a tract of forty acres being now included within the limits of the city of Cleveland, and the other tract, containing ioo acres, being in Berlin township, Erie county. Arriving in Cleveland, where he had expected to locate, he found much sickness in the place, and was advised by the few residents of the place to continue his journey still farther west. Coming therefore to Erie county, he assumed possession of his ioo acres of land in Berlin township. The land was in its primitive wildness, covered with a heavy growth of timber, and while he was engaged in the pioneer labor of making a clearing in the forest and putting up a log cabin, he and his family made their home with Mr. Elsworth Burnham. Hiring a man to assist him in clearing his land, he gave him for his labor a deed of his forty acres of land in Cleveland. He subsequently placed the larger part of his land under a good state of cultivation, planted a fine orchard of apple, peach, cherry and plum trees, and was there successfully employed in agricultural pursuits until his death, in 1835. Oliver Pearl married, June 5, 1811, Mary Sexton, who was born, December 5, 1795, in Ellington, Connecticut, and they became the parents of ten children, Addison H., the special subject of this brief sketch being the youngest son. Growing to manhood on the home farm, Addison H. Pearl began as soon as old enough to assist in its l abors, in the meantime, in the pioneer log schoolhouse, with its limited accommodations, learning successfully the "three r's." Ambitious as a scholar, he subsequently continued his studies at the high school in Birmingham, and for two terms attended Oberlin College. Returning then to the old homestead, he remained with his mother until after the breaking out of the Civil war, when, on September 4, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Third Ohio Cavalry. Clear-headed, cool and brave, he won the approbation of the officers of his command, and was promoted through the various ranks until commissioned captain of his company. He was first appointed asqistant commissary, and for eight months had charge of the barracks and supply station at Columbia, Tennessee, and for some time held a position on the staff of General Long. He took an active part in many important engagements, both as a private and as an officer, among others having been those at the following named places : Corinth, Mississippi ; Mum fordsville, Perryville, Bardstown and Lexingtori, Kentucky ; Stone River and Middleton, Tennessee ; Chickamauga, Georgia ; and at McMinnville, Shelbyville Pike, Farmington and Decatur, Tennessee. While leading his company, Captain Pearl was twice captured by the enemy, and had it not been for his coolness, pluck and Yankee wit would have been taken to a rebel prison. Being severely wounded while in battle, he was honorably discharged from the service before the close of the war, on account of physical disability. Re- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1589 turning home, he resumed management of the home farm as soon as able, and was there engaged in general farming until after the death of his aged mother, in 1890. In 1892 the farm was sold, and the Captain has since been a resident of Huron, where he built his present fine residence. An uncompromising Republican in his political relations, the Captain has always taken an active part in public affairs, his intelligence, wisdom and integrity making him a valued factor in party work. In the fall of 1879 he accepted, reluctantly, the Republican nomination to the state legislature as representative of his district, and was elected by a majority of 201 votes, his election in a Democratic stronghold proving his popularity in both parties. He voted for Garfield for United States senator, and when Garfield was nominated for president cast his vote for John Sherman for United States senator. Captain Pearl was township trustee and justice of the peace in Berlin township for six years, and is now serving as notary public and pension attorney, in the former position giving his attention to all kinds of collections, and in the latter office being especially successful in securing both original pensions and increase for persons who have failed when employing other counsel. He has been for six years a justice of the peace here in Huron. The Captain is also carrying on a profitable business asan .insurance agent, and has a commission to collect claims before United States courts. Captain Pearl has been twice married. He married first, September 19, 1865, Thirza A. Hyde, who died April 3o, 1892.. She bore him. six children, of whom one died at the age of four years, and five are living, namely : Mrs. Ada M. Arndt ; Edwin S., who was graduated from Oberlin College with the class of 1894, resides at St. Louis, Missouri ; Allen S., who was graduated from the electrical engineering department of the Ohio State University, has been advertising manager for the Central Electrical Company, and is now secretary of a new electric company at Chicago, organized to manufacture electric supplies ; William H., agent for the Central Electrical Company, with headquarters in Indianapolis ; and Augusta A., who was graduated from the high school at Mount Vernon, Ohio, and from the Streeter Hospital, in Chicago, Illinois, is now a professional nurse at Chicago. On June 12, 1894, the Captain married for his second wife Mrs. Eliza O. (Kirby) Murphy, a daughter of Captain A. Kirby and Mary Maria (Robinson) Kirby. She is of New England stock, her paternal grandparents, Silas and Rhoda Kirby, having been born and reared in New Bedford, Massachusetts, from there locating as pioneers in Cayuga county, New York. Born, September 15, 1817, in Genoa, Cayuga county, New York, Captain A. Kirby was brought up in Sacketts Harbor, New York, where his parents moved when he was a child, and at the age of twelve years began his career on the lakes, and five years later was made master of the schooner "Commodore Decatur." He subsequently sailed from Oswego, New York, for three years on the schooner "Congress," with Captain Throop. Going with the family to Ingham county, Michigan, in 1840, he was there first master of the schooner "Independence," and later of the."O. P. Starkey." In 1843 he was master of the "Franklin," and the following year sailed as mate of the propeller New York." He was subsequently engaged in agricultural labors for three years, but in 1847 returned to his seafaring pursuits, for four years having charge,of the schooner "Forrest." He was afterwards master of the "Plymouth," which was lost in 1852, and afterwards commanded the "Ithaca" and the "Mount Vernon." He then worked as a farmer for two years, and was then master of the "J. P. Kirtland" for a short time, but from the fall of 1856 until 1863 was engaged in tilling the soil in Michigan. Coming then with his family to Huron, Ohio, Captain Kirby sailed between Buffalo and Chicago on the bark "Alice," of Detroit, and subsequently for four years was master of the schooner "Union," and then purchased the "H. C. Post," which he sold in 187o. In 1873, having previously had charge of the "Odd Fellow," a tug, and of the propeller "E. B. Ward, Jr.," he became commodore of the immense shipping interests of E. B. Ward, continuing until the death of Mr. Ward in 1875. In May of that year Captain Kirby was made master of the beautiful passenger steamer "Minneapolis," running during the entire year between Grand Haven and Milwaukee, and held the position until 1880, when he retired from the sea. He then purchased a fine farm in Iona county, Michigan, but after living upon it a short time he disposed of it at an advantage, and came to Huron to reside permanently. As a man of 1590 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE many virtues and very few vices, noted for his integrity and sterling character, the Captain was held in high respect as a man and a citizen. Captain Kirby married first, in 1842, Elizabeth Ann Robinson, who was born in Syracuse, New York. She died in 1847, leaving two children, Rhoda C., now Mrs. Smith, and Elizabeth A., now Mrs. Riley, both of Detroit. The Captain married second, in October, 1847, Mary Maria Robinson, a sister of his first wife, and in October, 1897, they celebrated the golden anniversary of their wedding, it being an event of. importance in the social circles of Huron, hosts of friends from this and surrounding towns and cities gathering to extend congratulations to the worthy couple, while in the . evening members of the Masonic Lodge, No. 359, of which the Captain was a charter member, going in a body to pay their respects to Captain and Mrs. Kirby. Four children blessed this second union, namely : Isabella, wife of Jabez Wright, of whom a sketch appears elsewhere in this volume ; Austin A., of Detroit, Michigan ; Mrs. Pearl ; and Flora M., who died. in 1874. Mrs. Kirby died. May 26, 190o, aged seventy-five years and Mr. Kirby died in 1905. The Revolutionary records in the archives of Connecticut shows the name of Pearl several times, forefathers of our subject. THOMAS HENRY HOST.—Prominent among the prosperous and progressive business men of Huron county is Thomas Henry Hirst, one of the leading merchants of Bellevue. He is a man of spotless integrity, whose word and whose ability can always be relied upon in matters. of business. A son of Samuel Hirst; he was born February 2, 1849, at Hoosick Falls, Rensselaer. county, New York, of English ancestry. A native of England, Samuel Hirst was born in Pudsey, Yorkshire, and was the only member of his generation of the Hirst family to come to America. Learning the trade of a woolen cloth finisher when young, he followed it in England until 1846. In that year, accompanied by his wife and their five children, he emigrated to this country. Locating at Hoosick Falls, New York, he was there employed in the mills until 1856. Removing then to Clark county, Ohio, he bought land near Springfield and there began farming. His wife died in 1858, and he returned to Yorkshire and there spent the remainder of his life. The maiden name of his wife was Nancy Batty. They were the parents of eight children, one of whom, John, died while crossing the ocean, while the other seven grew to years of maturity, their names being as follows : Elizabeth, Sarah, Emma, William, Mary, Thomas Henry and Benjamin. But nine years of age when his father returned to England, Thomas H. Hirst was thrown upon his own resources. A strona, brave boy, he started for Atlanta, Illinois, and walked the entire distance to the home of his uncle, Benjamin Bean. That was the year of the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates, and when they spoke in Atlanta Benjamin Bean entertained Mr. Lincoln. Thomas cried because he was not allowed' to sit at the table with the great man, and Mr. Lincoln gave him a silver half dollar. Soon after his aunt gave him ten dollars for the coin, which she carefully treasured until her death, when it, with other money, was deposited in the First National Bank of Chicago, remaining there until the settlement of the estate. The half dollar then reverted to Mr. Hirst, who now treasures it as a sacred relic. When fourteen years old, Thomas H. Hirst became a clerk in a drug store in Atlanta, Illinois, for three years receiving his' board and clothes for his work, and going to school a part of each year. The next three years he was given his hoard and, ten dollars a month wages. He continued work as a drug clerk, going to Rockford, Illinois, for a few years, after which he entered the Chicagd School of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated in 1878. Going then to Toronto, Canada, he was graduated from the School of Pharmacy in that city in 1880. But instead of engaging in the drug business Mr. Hirst accepted a position in a woolen mill at New Hamburg, Ontario, and after a little experience in that line was made foreman. He was subsequently foreman in some of the largest and most important mills in the United States. On account of failing eyesight, Mr. Hirst resigned his position in 1902, and .for two years thereafter was engaged in the mercantile business in Toledo, Ohio. Coming from there to Bellevue, he opened a general store on East Main street, and has here built up a large and profitable business. Mr. Hirst married, in 1901, Catherine Morgan, who was born in Birmingham, Pennsylvania. Her father, Thomas Morgan, a blacksmith by trade, removed. from Pennsylvania to Ohio, settling in Fostoria, where he has since resided. He served as a soldier in the HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1591 Civil war, being a member of Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-first Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was for a time a member of Company C, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry. Mr. Morgan married Mary .Ellen ..TcBride, a native of the Keystone state, and they reared six children, namely : Catherine, now Mrs. Hirst ; Edward; Ruth Ellen ; Clark ; Harry, who served in the United States navy, and was at Manila with Dewey ; and Charles, now in the government employ at Panama. In his political affiliations Mr. Hirst has ever been a Republican.- He is a notary public, and has his commission as such signed by .Governors Bushnell, Nash and Harris. WILLIAM WALLACE WOODWARD.—In the early settlement of the Western Reserve people of New England birth and breeding stood pre-eminent .among its pioneers, giving char- acter and strength to its population. They were themselves descended from a race not new in the matter of founding new homes, their ancestors having been, mostly, of either Puritan or Pilgrim stock, who settled first on the New England coast, subsequently stretching northward and westward, in the latter part of the eighteenth century taking up lands on the frontier, founding in their wisdom that part of the state of Ohio now included within the space called the Western Reserve. Vermont, the Green mountain state, furnished a portion of these sturdy pioneers, prominent among the number being William and Ann S. (Lee) Woodward, (the latter being a cousin of General Lee), grandparents of William W. Woodward, who settled in Miami county, where the birth of their son, W. W. Woodward, occurred July 4, 1835, coming from there to Montgomery county. In 1875 William Wallace Woodward came to Sandusky, and since 1880 has been in the wholesale grocery business, which he still conducts. In Dayton, Ohio, in. April, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was lieutenant in the militia, which office he held when his company was mustered in the United States service. On December 15, 1865, he was discharged in New Orleans with the rank of colonel, after serving in every rank except lieutenant colonel. After the war Mr. Woodward returned to Dayton and was in the wholesale grocery business until 1870, when he went on the road for a tea importing house for five years and then came to Sandusky and opened a wholesale Vol. III-21 grocery business under the firm name of Hoover & Woodward. Mr. Hoover died in 1894, and Mrs. Hoover has continued as Mr. Woodward's partner. Mr. Woodward was married in 1857 to Miss Zinn, who died in 1877, in Sandusky, leaving two children, Charles and Cora. In 1898 Mr. Woodward married Miss Florence Hadley. Though always a stanch Republican, Mr. Woodward never sought public office. He is. a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Legion of Honor of the United, States at Cincinnati. JOSEPH HILTZ.—Occup-ying an excellent position among the respected citizens and successful business men of Huron county is Joseph Hiltz, a provision dealer in Monroeville. A son of Joseph Hiltz, Sr., he was born in Norwalk, Huron county, March 15, 1848. Joseph Hiltz, Sr., was born in Baden, Germany, where his parents spent their lives. Two of his brothers, however, came to this country, one, Benjamin, locating in Pennsylvania, while the other settled in California. As a youth he began boating on the Rhine, and continued thus occupied until 1844, when he crossed the ocean in a sailing vessel, being on the water sixty days. Making his way across the country to Ohio, he bought land within the corporate limits of Norwalk, and on the farm which he improved spent his remaining days. passing away in the eightieth year of his age. He married Mary. Biettle, a native of Baden, Germany. She died in Norwalk, Ohio, aged sixty-eight years. Seven children blessed their union, namely : Helen, Frances, Mary, Kinnegunda, Kate, Ferdinand and Joseph, all of whom, with the exception of Joseph, were born in the Fatherland. Helen married, in Germany and came to this country before her parents did. Obtaining his education in the public schools of Norwalk, and being well drilled • by his father in the many branches of agriculture, Joseph Hiltz, remained beneath the parental roof-tree until twenty-three years of age, assisting in the farm labors. Locating then in Monroeville, he was for five years engaged in railroading, after which he embarked in the provision business, opening a market, which he has operated with . satisfactory success ever since. Mr. Hiltz married, in 1873, Elizabeth Raymer, who was born in Germany, but was reared in Toledo, .0hio, where her parents located when she was two years old. Mr. and 1592 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Mrs. Hiltz are the parents of four children, namely : Stephen, Dora, Helen and Robert. Mr. and Mrs. Hiltz were reared in the Catholic church, and have brought their family up in the same faith. Politically he is a Democrat. FRANK W. HEYMAN, late of Monroeville, was for many years actively identified with the manufacturing and mercantile prosperity of this part of Huron county, and as a man and as a citizen was held in high respect. A native of this county, he was born, July 3, 1858, at Hunts Corners, and died at his home in Monroeville, in August, 1902. He came from substantial German stock, his father, John P. Heyman, and his grandfather, John George Heyman, having been born in Nassau, Germany. In 185o, accompanied by his five sons, Philip, George, Henry, John P. and William, and his daughter, Katherine, John George Heyman emigrated to Ohio, settling at Hunts Corners, where he bought land and was employed in farming the remainder of his life. John P. Heyman, who had acquired a good education in the Fatherland, was fourteen years old when he came with the family to Ohio. He assisted his father in improving a homestead, remaining with him until becoming of age. He subsequently bought a farm in that locality, and was there successfully engaged in tilling the soil during his active life, passing away on his homestead at the age of seventy-two years. His wife, whose maiden name was Janette Scheid, was born in Nassau, Germany, seventy-two years ago, came with her parents to America in girlhood, and is now living in Huron county. She reared eight children, namely : Louis P.; Frank W. (the subject of this sketch), Theophilus, William, Jennie, Julia, Flora and Lillian. After leaving the, district school Frank W. Heyman attended Oberlin College and the State Norman School at Mansfield, after which he was employed in farming for several seasons. After his marriage, in partnership with his wife's parents, he bought the Monroeville-flour mill and privilege, and operated the plant successfully until his death, in 1902. He was a man of sterling integrity and worth, highly esteemed in the community, and took an active part in public affairs, serving as township trustee seventeen years, while in Monroeville he was a member of the school board and of the city council:' He was a Democrat in politics, faithful to the interests. of his party, and was a member of Roby Lodge, F. & A. M., of Monroeville, and of Norwalk Commandery, No. 18, K. T. Mr. Heyman married, in 1882, at Hunts Corners, Rosa Boehm, who was born at Standardsburg, Huron county, Ohio, coming from a long line of honored German ancestry. Her father, John Boehm, and her grandfather, Philip Boehm, were born and reared in Kreutznach, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. Philip Boehm was a lifelong resident of his native place, during his active life operating a mill which came to him through, inheritance and which had been owned by the Boehm family for more than three hundred years. He reared eight sons and two daughters.. His son George and his two daughters remained in their native land, but the other seven sons came to America, their names being as f011ows : Philip, Jacob, John, Daniel, Peter, Charles and Henry. John Boehm left the Fatherland when fifteen years old to seek his fortune, landing in New York City a stranger in a strange land, with no other capital than a courageous spilit, a brave heart and willing hands. Finding employment in a bakery, he remained in that city three years, then located in Norwalk, Ohio, where, with Captain Dewalt, he kept a hotel for a few years. Going then to Standardsburg, Huron county, he purchased a flour mill, which he operated successfully for some time. In 1878, taking up his residence in Monroeville, he bought the O'Brien flour mill and privilege, and managed it until his death, in 1879. He married Louisa Kingle, who was born in Wittenberg, a daughter of Adam and Rose Kingle, who came to this country about 1850 and settled on a farm in Bucyrus, Ohio, where they spent their remaining years. They were the parents of three children, namely : Adam, Jacob and Louisa. The latter, Mother of Mrs. Heyman, died in 1884. Mrs. Heyman has two children, namely: John G., who was educated at Kenyon College 'to now lives in Sandusky, where he attends to the selling of the products of the mill; and Homer G., who completed a course at' Oberlin College and is now connected with the Van Ney News Company in Chicago, Illinois. Both Mr. and Mrs. Heyman were brought up in the Reformed church. Mrs. Heyman is a woman of culture and 'refinement and has the distinction of having served as the first president of the Monroeville Woman's Club: HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1593 JEPTHA H. WADE.—The bringing of the cast and .west together in. telegraphic communication was the chief forerunner in the building of the Union Pacific railroad, the first of the great transcontinental lines of America ; and the man who placed the moneyed and populous east in communication with the Pacific coast, when it was yet an undeveloped and almost unknown land, was Jeptha H. Wade, one of. the most able citizens connected with the history of Cleveland, who died in that city on August 9, 1890. It was his energy, foresight and broad judgment that conceived and carried into operation the Pacific Telegraph from St. Louis to San Francisco, and he had already been honored with the office of general manager of the Western Union Telegraph Company, assuming the presidency of the two great lines when they were .finally consolidated. He was the originator of the telegraphic cable, which now lines and interlines the ocean's bed, and his local contributions to the welfare of Cleveland are numerous and signal. Mr. Wade was a native of Seneca county, New York, and was born August 11, 1811, being a son of Jeptha Wade, a civil, engineer and surveyor, who died in his son's early youth. The boy mastered the carpenter's trade within a few years, and besides following that made clocks and musical instruments, developing his genius for mechanics in many directions. At the age of twenty-one he became the owner of a large sash and blind factory, but after conducting it for three years commenced the study of portrait painting under the celebrated Randall Palmer. After attaining an enviable reputation as an artist in Louisiana, New York and Michigan, he became deeply interested in the discoveries of Daguerre, and finally produced the first daguerreotype ever made west of New York. At this time he was about thirty years of ,age, and the state of his health calling for a less confining mode of life he located in New Orleans. While residing in that city Morse's message was flashed over the wire from Washington to Baltimore, and none was more con vinced over the immeasurable results to follow this first practical application of electricity than Mr. Wade. He returned to Detroit, gave the invention his patient and earnest study, and soon afterwards constructed a telegraphic line along the Michigan Central Railroad, opening and equipping the Jackson office and. acting as its operator and manager. After a time he entered the field as a builder of lines, and also invented an insulator, which overcame many of the difficulties under which he at first labored. In laying one of his lines across the Mississippi river at St. Louis he inclosed the cable in iron armor, and thus became the father of the submarine cable systems of the world. With the consolidation of many small telegraph lines into the Western Union Telegraph. Company he was made general manager of the combined corporation; as stated, founded and built the Pacific Telegraph from St. Lduis to San Francisco ; became press ident of the combination of the two companies, 'and filled the last named position with masterly ability until 1867, when a serious illness forced him to retire for some time from all active pursuits. . Briefly noting Mr. Wade's connection with Cleveland interests, it may be stated that when the Citizens' Savings and Loan Association was formed in 1867 he was elected its president, and that he was also president of the Valley Railway Company, whose lines penetrated the coal fields of Ohio. At different times he was a director of the Second National Bank of Cleveland, the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, the Cleveland Iron Mining Company and the Union Steel Screw Company. He also served as .president of the American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company and of the Chicago and Atchison Bridge Company, as well as president of the Kalamazoo, Allegan and Grand Rapids and the Cincinnati, Wabash and Michigan Railway companies and a director in. several minor railroad enterprises. In 1882 Mr. Wade gave to Cleveland seventy-three acres known as Wade Park, which he hadkept open to the public at his own expense for many years, and served for some time as park commissioner, as well as commissioner of the city sinking fund. As to his official identification with the city charities., he served as director of the workhouse and the House of Refuge and was one of the trustees of the Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, erecting at his own expense for that institution a handsome, fireproof building accommodating 150 children. As president of the Lake View Cemetery Association he also gave evidence of the benevolent, refined and cultured traits of his remarkable character. WILLIAM S. BONNELL.—As vice president of the Mahoning National Bank, one of the strong and alert directors of the , Mahoning Valley Iron Company, and a broad-minded 1594 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE and honorable capitalist, whose influence and activities have extended far abroad, William Scott Bonnell is a fine personality of the Western Reserve, fully entitled to historic delineation. Born July 12, 1842, at Cincinnati, Ohio, he is a son of the late William and Sarah (Scott) Bonnell, and his early boyhood was passed at New Castle, Pennsylvania. When he was twelve years of age his parents located at Youngstown, where his education was completed in the public schools, and he served as clerk in a number of the leading business houks of that day. Later he entered the employ of Brown, Bonnell & Co., iron manufacturers, where he was made rollturner and thoroughly learned that branch of the business, later acquiring experience in others. His employers soon recognized that his ability could be put to better account in the offices of the company, and he proved his capacity so decisively that in 1867 he became a partner. Upon the incorporation of the business, 'he transferred his interests and his services to the Mahoning Valley Iron Company in 1879, of which he successively became secretary and vice president. For a long period he has been one of the leading promoters of that great corporation, as well as of the Mahoning National Bank, of which he was president until 1907. Mr. Bonnell, through his marriage with Lucretia H. Wick, became connected with one of the oldest and most prominent families of Youngstown. Mrs. Bonnell was born at Youngstown and is a daughter of Hugh B. and Lucretia G. (Winchell) Wick, her father being a very prominent iron manufacturer and capitalist of that city. Mr. and Mrs. Bonnell have two surviving children : Emily Cree, wife of Perry Burnham Owen, of Youngstown, and William Wick, who married Julia Garlick and resides in Youngstown. For .many years Mr. Bonnell and wife have been leading members of the Presbyterian church and active both in the furtherance of its charities and those of a more general nature. Refined sociability and literary and musical talent have also always found a warm welcome and a hearty encouragement at their beautiful 'home on Wick avenue, one of the most elegant modern residences in the city. The mistress of the house ,is a lady of rare culture, and the master, a citizen of sociability as well as of stanch moral character, which combines among its traits a high sense of justice, mingled with kindness and broad humanity. CARLOS J. WARNER.—The career of the late Carlos J. Warner, of Medina, was significantly characterized by courage, confidence, progressiveness and impregnable integrity of purpose, and none has had a more secure place in the confidence and regard of the people of Medina county than did this honored citizen, whose death occurred at Lakeside hospital, in the city of Cleveland, on January 19, I901. His life was one of signal purity and of inflexible devotion to principle, and while he attained to a large measure of success in connection with the productive activities of business, he endured his full quota of vicissitudes and reverses, under the canopy of which his courage never wavered, nor did his singleness of purpose find aught of diversion from its course. His life was significantly one of unostentation and innate modesty, and in view of this fact it would be most incongruous to indulge in prolix encomium in the preparation of a review of his career, no matter how much the writer might be moved to utter words of praise and commendation. He was a representative of one of the sterling pioneer families of Medina county, where his entire life was passed and in whose welfare he ever maintained a lively interest. Carlos J. Warner was born on a farm near Bagdad, Medina county, Ohio, on May 29, 1828, and thus was nearly seventy-three years of age at the time of his demise. He was the third in order of birth of the six sons of Allen and Mary Warner, who came to Ohio from the state of Connecticut and numbered themselves among the pioneers of Medina county. When he was about twelve years of age his parents took up their residence on what is still known as the old Warner homestead, near Medina Center. There he was reared to maturity under the strenuous discipline of the pioneer farm. His boyhood t nd youth were given to assiduous labor on the farm, and, mindful of his early experience, he ever retained a deep appreciation of the dignity of honest toil, the while his equally definite regard for other and more idyllic phases of life led him to wish for and provide for his children the advantages which he himself had been denied. His educational privileges were limited to a desultory attendance in the primitive pioneer schools, but he had the prescience and ambition to make the most of such opportunities. He became a man of broad information and distinctive culture, and thus exemplified the truth of the statement made by the historian Gibbon, HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1595 to the effect that every man has two educations, one which lie receives from others, and the other, of infinitely more value, that he gains for himself. Concerning the initial and progressive stages of his independent career the following appreciative estimate appeared in the Medina Gazette at the time of his death : At the age of twenty-one years, with little encouragement and with his only capital a stout heart and a knowledge of how to work and work hard, he set out on his mercantile career,—his own choice and on his own judgment. He came to Medina and began clerking in a general store owned by H. G. Blake. He at once gained the confidence and won the friendship of his liberal employer,—relations which continued firm and proved helpful to him to the 'close of Mr. Blake's life. Within a few years he was made a partner in the business in connection with which he had proved himself a faithful and energetic clerk, the firm name being Blake & Warner. Within a half dozen years he was sole proprietor of a general store in the old Castle block, on the corner where J. P. Miller's store now stands. In 1861, through the financial failure of another, he was forced to make an assignment to meet obligations for which he was an endorser. This misfortune—in no way his fault—crippled him in a business way for the next ten years and brought such discouragement's and embarrassments as would have overcome the spirit' of a man less self-reliant than Mr. Warner. For a time he clerked for G. A. L. Boult, then went into the grocery business, .with• Alfred Davis as a partner. In this venture he lost what little he had accumulated, and under these conditions he again became a clerk for Mr. Boult. Through all these business trials he never faltered and he never quit. If there is such a thing as the heroic in mercantile life, C. J. Warner played that part from 1861 to 1870. In the latter year, after "the big fire," in Medina, be purchased the 'remnant stock of Louis Leon's store in the old courthouse block, and again set up in business for himself, his stock in trade being a few hundred dollars' worth of drygoods and an excellent business repu- tation. There and then began the most prosperous mercantile career in Medina's history. The success so long and so faithfully, striven for—under so many difficulties and reverses—had come and was to continue uninterrupted for thirty years. In 1871 he' associated himself with R. S. Shepard, under the firm of Warner & Shepard, and opened the Phoenix dry-goods store, in the newly built Phoenix block. This partnership continued and prospered for six and one-half years, at the expiration of which it was dissolved by mutual consent, Mr. Warner continuing in the Phoenix store. In 1888 the firm became C. J. Warner & Son, Carl E. Warner being the partner. In 1890 the commodious store 'room on the west side of the public square was apportioned and occupied. In 1900 this store received the large and handsome addition extending to Washington street. In October, 1900, the firm of C. J. Warner & Son was merged in the Griggs Company, the Medina retaining the name of its founder, while he became an important stockholder and director in the larger company. Mr. Warner was also president of the Savings "Deposit Bank at the time of his death, and to this institution he had lent his exceptional business judgment and, trusted' name in promoting its success. There were other important business interests with which he was actively associated, and death found him still "in the harness," his lifelong energy unwearied to the last. Such, in brief outline, is the story of a business career marked in every detail of its reverses and in every step of its advancement by personal honor, unswerving integrity, constant energy and undefeated courage, and crowned with unusual success. Carlos J. Warner lived a simple, unostentatious life. He was essentially a modest man. He did not wear his virtues on his sleeve; during a long life he did what he believed to be honest, true and fair, without explaining or publishing it to the world, and passed on his way satisfied with the judgments of a clear and honest conscience. He shrunk from praise, he detested flattery. If living, he would wish no voice or pen should publish the kindness, the generosity, the many evidences of honesty and honor that were in his heart and 'life. Living, he held these things sacred as' between himself and those whom he loved and to whom he gave his confidence ; now dead, it would be unfit that he should not pass from life's activities to the silent world, as he wished, without eulogistic praise, desiring only that he be remembered for what he was and what he did. As a citizen Mr. Warner was ever liberal, loyal and progressive, and every worthy object advanced for the general welfare of the community received his influence and co-opera- 1596 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE tion. His political views were indicated by the allegiance which he gave to the Democratic party, and he was well fortified in his views as to matters of public polity. He had naught of ambition for official preferment nor the turmoil of public life. He was essentially and primarily a business man, and such leisure as was his was devoted to his family and friends. He was a member of the Royal Arcanum. On September 5, 1852, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Warner to Miss Nancy C. Loring, who was born and reared in Medina and who was a daughter of the late Ashley Loring, one of the honored pioneers of this section of the Western Reserve. Mrs. Warner was summoned to the life eternal on June 4, 1671, and is survived by four children : Park B. ; Willis. L., who is a merchant in Marion, Ohio ; Carl E., who is now the head of the business founded by his father so many years ago ; and Harriet E., who is now Mrs. W. A. Viall, of Providence, Rhode Island. On February 25, 1872, Mr: Warner was united in marriage to Mrs. Amelia M. P. Packard, widow of Joseph O. Packard. She was born at Lafayette, Ohio, and is a daughter of the late Lorenzo M. Pierce, who was a farmer and resided in Lafayette, Ohio. No children were born of the second union. Mrs. Warner survives her homestead and and resides in the old homestead, endeared to her by the hallowed memories and associations of the past. ANDREW GRIESINGER.—The popular; wide-awake and successful real estate dealer, Andrew Griesinger, of Medina, is a native of the village with whose progress he is so largely identified. He is the son Andrew and Catherine (Kunster) Gnesinget, and for a period of forty years his father was engaged in the establishment and development of a boot and shoe business Which, during its later period, had become a leader in its field. His death occurred in February, 1902. The elder Mr. Griesinger was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, on December 22, 1832, spending his boyhood in that section of the empire and there receiving a good common school education in his .native language. After mastering the shoemaker's trade he traveled for a time as a journeyman, and in. 1854 emigrated to the United States. When he landed at New York he was in debt for a portion of his passage Money, but readily found employment, squared himself with his creditor, and remained in the metropolis for three years. He then came to Medina county, Ohio, where he worked as a journeyman for three years, and then opened a small store in the village of Medina. Besides conducting a customs department he employed several hands and built up a large and prosperous business, keeping not only one of the best-selected stocks of boots and shoes in the county, but having a high reputation for the work turned out from his own establishment. In 1870 his stock and store were destroyed by the great fire, but on December of that year he completed and occupied the substantial brick building now occupied by his sons. For many years after he started his little business at Medina Mr. Griesinger manufactured the boots which he sold, but as his means increased and the demand in that line also decreased he discontinued that branch altogether. On November 29, 1859, Andrew Griesinger, Sr., wedded Miss Catharine Kunster, a native of Germany, who emigrated to the United States with her parents, while still a girl, and settled in Liverpool township, Medina county. Seven of the nine children are living as follows : C. L. ; A. G. ; William E. ; George C. ; Louis B., a member of the C. C. Hill Company, of Toledo, Ohio ; Mary, who married E. B. Hamlin and resides in Cleveland ; and Andrew, who resides with his widowed mother on the old homestead in Medina. Andrew Greisinger, Jr., received his education in the public and high schools of Medina, and soon after completing his schooling began business on his own account. He gradually drifted into the buying and selling of village lots and found the transactions so profitable that he commenced to purchase small tracts to subdivide and improve.. This is his specialty at present, and he has valuable holdings in Medina, besides dealing to some extent in the city of Cleveland. He is a Mason (member of Medina Lodge No. 58) and a Knight of Pythias, and he is as popular socially as in a business way. BERT J. REISINGER.—Worthy of especial note in this work is Bert J. Reisinger, a leading contractor and builder of Lorain county, who has served as trustee of Elyria township since 1903, and is always among the foremost in matters pertaining to its development. The son of a farmer, Martin Reisinger, he was born, October 8, 1868, in Liverpool township, Medina county, Ohio, coming from thrifty pioneer stock, his paternal grandparents, Jacob HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1597 and Elizabeth Reisinger, having settled in the Western Reserve in Liverpool township, Medina county, on coming to this country from Germany, being 103 days on the water, while his maternal grandparents located in Lorain,. Ohio, coming to the United States from England. Born and reared in Medina county, Martin Reisinger became familiar with the theory and practice of agriculture, and has followed this branch of industry throughout his life. When married, he and his bride began housekeeping in a log house in Liverpool, Medina county, where he was engaged in clearing and improving the land fo a number of years. About 1888 he removed with his family to Grafton township, Lorain county, where he was successfully engaged at farming until the spring of 1904 when he erected a house near his son, Bert J., and is living retired, though he still owns the farm in Grafton township. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Standen, was born in Black River township, Lorain county, where they were married. Six children have been born of their union, all of whom are living, namely : George, who is engaged in the steam laundry business at De Funiak Springs, Florida ; Bert J. ; Fred, a farmer in Eaton township, Lorain county, ; Harley, engaged in agricultural pursuits in the, same locality ; Verna, a successful agriculturist of Grafton township, Lorain county ; and Earl, residing on the "Half Way House" farm in Elyria township. Since the marriage of Martin Reisinger and his wife death has never invaded the home circle, their children and grandchildren all being spared to them. They are people of solid worth, and valued members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Brought up on the home farm, and educated in the district schools, Bert J. Reisinger began his independent career on attaining his majority, for three years being engaged, in partnership with his brother George, in the dry-goods and grocery business, a part of the time just outside of the village of Grafton, and a part of the time in the village. Going then to Dover, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, Mr. Reisinger followed the carpenter's trade for two years, and then began contracting in Lorain, Amherst and Elyria, his operations being confined principally to the city of Elyria. In addition to contracting and building, he has dealt quite extensively in real estate, in all of his undertakings showing excellent judgment, and meeting with success. He located in Elyria township in 1894, and in 1897 took possession of his present residential property, at Stop No. 12, on the Green Line Electric Cars, in Lake avenue. Mr. Reisinger remodeled the house after moving in, putting in all modern conveniences, including a hot water heating plant, baths, a telephone, etc., doing all of the plumping and other work without outside help, installing all of the improvements himself. His home estate contains fifteen acres of valuable land, and he also owns 'a farm of thirty-two acres on Lake avenue, the property known as the "Half Way House." Mr. Reisinger, in his political views, is a stanch Republican and enjoys the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens to a high degree, and has filled various positions of trust and responsibility. In 1903 he was elected township trustee, and held the office two terms until January I, 1910 when his term expired and he declined to accept a renomination. He is now. president of the school board of Elyria township, of which he has been a member five years and president since January 1, 1908. For three years he was president of the board of trustees of Elyria township. Mr. Reisinger was the prime mover and leading spirit in the erection of the modern two-story brick school house in district No. 5, completed in 1909. He has during the past seven years been president of the Elyria Builders' Association, and from the time of its organization until the expiration of his term of office, January I. 1910, he was secretary of the Lorain County Township Trustees and Clerks' Association. Mr. Reisinger married in Dover township, Cuyahoga county, April I2, 1894, Sophronia M. Rotheran, who was born August 27, 1871, in Farmer City, Illinois, a daughter of T. B. and Louisa (Harris) Rotheran, the former of whom was a native of Cleveland, Ohio, while the latter was born in Farmer City, Illinois, her father being a native of Kentucky. Four children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Reisinger, namely : Hazel M., Fern E., Muriel V. and Tempa N. WILLIAM E. HEMMETER, Who has been identified with the drygoods business of Medina for the past twenty years, is the local member of the widely known firm, the Warner Store Company. He was born in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, on June 7. 1871, and is the eldest son of Daniel and Louise (Kuhn) Hem-meter. The father, who is a retired .marble cutter and dealer of Medina, is a native of 1598 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Syracuse, New York, born on August 4, 1848. During his infancy his parents brought him to Cleveland, where he served his apprenticeship of three years in the marble-cutting trade, and afterward followed that occupation both in that city and at Massillon, Ohio. In 1872 Daniel Hemmeter became a resident of Medina, and established the Medina Marble Works, with himself as both proprietor and employe. But his business so increased that he was finally obliged to employ seven skilled workmen, and he conducted the business for a number of years with a fair degree of profit. Since retiring from it he has lived a quiet life at Medina. On August. 4, 1870, Mr. Hemmeter married Miss Louise Kuhn, a native of Massillon, whose parents were early settlers of Stark county, Ohio. William E., of this sketch, completed his education in Medina as a graduate of the city high school, and when he left school was employed by the Phoenix Drygoods Company of Medina, with whom he remained for some nine years, being at one time manager of the company and afterward proprietor. He then became associated with his father in the marble and granite business, after which he went to Kenton, Hardin county, 'Ohio, where he engaged in the hotel business as the proprietor of the Reece House. Upon his return to Medina he assumed charge of the C. J. Warner store at that point, and in 1895 he became a member of the Warner Store Company there. In politics a Republican, Mr. Hemmeter has taken a deep interest in local public matters, and has also participated in their management to a considerable extent. He has served as a member of the city council for four years and can always be depended upon for both sound' advice and useful work in affairs of municipal concern. He is also a thorough believer in the good results of the organized fraternal and benevolent work among the secret orders. and is a member of both the Odd Fellows and Masonic bodies. In the former he belongs to Morning Star Lodge No. 26 and the Evening Star Encampment, having passed all the chairs, .and, as a Mason, is identified with Medina Lodge No. 58 and Medina Chapter. In 1896 Mr. Hemmeter married Miss Nellie M. 'Emery, of Medina, a daughter of James Emery, and the children born to them are Katherine E. and Laurence B. Hemmeter. JOSEPH H. FREEMAN, who, for some time has been retired from the operation of his fine old farm near Seville, Portage county, is one of the most venerable and honored citizens of Leroy. He is still a director in the Ohio Farmers' Insurance Company, and his identification with that institution for thirty-two years places him in the class of citizens who have been instrumental in advancing the agricultural interests of the Western Reserve and in placing the great farming element in a position of security and comfort. Captain Freeman was originally a Whig and a Republican before he became a Union soldier ; like thousands who passed through the scorching discipline of the Civil war he has never seen fit to break away from the party of Lincoln and Grant, and still votes the Republican ticket with a faithfulness which should be a lesson to many of the younger members of the organization. The Captain is a native of Westfield township, Medina county, born on January 8, 1826, to. Rufus and Clarissa (St. John) Freeman, and there were eight other children in the family, two of whom died in infancy. His parents were natives of Cortland county, New York, and in 1823 the father traveled by wagon to Ashtabula county, where he joined the grandfather, and the two went on to the forest country near the present site of Seville, being obliged to cut a road to the place they had selected as a home. This is now part of the land so long occupied and still owned by the son and grandson of these pioneers. Rufus Freeman, Sr., and Rufus Freeman, Jr., were also ministers of the Gospel, and their combined service covers about forty years of useful and kindly labors in the founding of Christianity throughout this section of the Reserve. For several years prior to his death the younger man (father of Captain Freeman) also served as president of the Ohio Farmers' Insurance Company and his services in that connection were highly appreciated. Joseph H. remained at home until he was twenty-eight years of age, and located in Scott county, Iowa, where he engaged in farming and stock raising on a tract of 36o acres. While thus engaged, in 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Second Iowa Cavalry, and was afterward promoted to be adjutant of the regiment in which he conducted himself with bravery and good judgment. At the conclusion of the war he returned to his Iowa farm, but when his father died in 1875 lie sacrificed his interests in that state, again located on the home farm in Westfield town- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1599 ship and thus prevented the property from passing into outside hands. He there continued to farm and raise live stock—especially of the Durham breed—until his retirement from active agriculture and his change of residence to the village of Leroy. Notwithstanding his age, he is still energetic and takes especial interest in the affairs of the Grand Army and of the First Baptist church. In 1872 he was elected to the Ohio legislature from Medina county for two years. His wife, who died in October, 1905, was formerly Miss Caroline Wilcox. She was born in Lewis county, New York, in the year 1827, and was a daughter of Thomas and Eliza (Ward) Wilcox, who migrated to the west in 1835. The four children of their marriage were as follows : James A., who is now a resident of St. Louis, Missouri ; Horace J., of Leroy ; Dr. Charles D., who is practicing medicine in Cleveland ; and Clara E., who married B. M. Hastings, of Akron, Ohio. GEORGE LINCOLN FORDYCE is the president of the Fordyce-Osborne Company, one of the largest mercantile enterprises in the. city of Youngstown. He is also interested in other Youngstown enterprises, and connected with many of its charitable and philanthropic institutions. He is president and director of The Apartment House Company, also a director of the First National Bank, The Dollar Savings & Trust Company, and the Ohio Leather Company ; he is president of The Youngstown Hospital Association, and for many years has been a trustee of the Young Men's Christian Association. George Lincoln Fordyce, born at Scipio, in Cayuga county, New York, September 29, 1860, descends from ,Revolutionary stock, and from old Scotch ancestry. His great-greatgrandfather, Nathaniel Horton, was captain of a company in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary war, and one of the private soldiers in this company was Benjamin Fordyce, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. In 1790 Benjamin Fordyce married Rebecca Horton, daughter of Captain Horton, in whose company he had served during the Revolutionary, war, and five years later they moved from New Jersey to Scipio, New York, settling on the same farm on which George Lincoln Fordyce was born many, years later. They were pioneers in that section of Central New York, and endured many hardships, incident to locating so far from civilization. John, a son of Benjamin Fordyce and Rebecca Horton, was born at Chester, in Morris county, New Jersey, in 1791, and married Anna Wilkinson of Scipio, New York, in 1835. They had but one son, John Horton Fordyce, who was born August 23, 1836. John Horton Fordyce, the son of John Fordyce, and Anna Wilkinson, and the father of George L. Fordyce, was reared on his father's farm in Scipio, and educated in the local schools. In the month of August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth New York State Volunteers, as a private, refusing the captaincy of the company, which it was desired he should accept. His death occurred nine weeks later, on November 13, 1862, near Washington, D. C. He had married Louisa Close on the 12th of January, 1859, and was survived by his young wife and their son, then less than two years old. The subject of this sketch was given the middle name of Lincoln, in honor of President Abraham Lincoln, this being one of the last requests made by the soldier father before leaving for the front. George Lincoln Fordyce was reared and educated in his native town of Scipio, new York. In 1876 he became a clerk in the general store in Scipio Center, New York, where he remained for one year. He then accepted a position as bookkeeper in a grocery store in Auburn, New York, and later became a clerk in the Cayuga County National Bank, of that city. In 1883, he came to Youngstown and embarked in the mercantile business, on the corner of West Federal and Phelps streets, where the business of which he is the head is still conducted, and is now the owner of the property in which this business is carried on. On the 25th of June, 1890, Mr. Fordyce was married at Youngstown, Ohio, to Grace Walton, daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Oyer) Walton. They have had the following children : George Lincoln Fordyce, who bore his father's name, was born August 18, 1892, and died October 11th, 1900 ; Rebecca Walton, born May 20, 1894, and 'Louise Horton, born August 3, 1898. CARROLL THORNTON, a member of one of the pioneer families of Mahoning county, whose name initiates this article is one of the progressive business men and honored citizens of Youngstown, where he is the proprietor of the Youngstown laundry, whose equipment and facilities are of the best metropolitan