1600 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE order and which is the largest in this section of the state. Carroll Thornton is a native of Youngstown, where he was born on the loth of February, 1861, and he is a son of William and Julia (Hamilton) Thornton, the former of whom was born in Weathersfield, Ohio, and the latter in Stark county, Ohio. William Thornton was the son of Daniel Thornton and was about two years of age at the time of the family removal to Mahoning county, Ohio, where he was reared to manhood and received a common school education. . After his marriage he engaged in farming on his own responsibility, first purchasing thirty acres of land adjoining the village of Youngstown. The major portion of this tract is now included within the city limits. William Thornton was one of the prominent farmers and influential citizens of the county at the time of his death, which occurred in 1904. He gave his political support to the Republican party. His widow still resides in Youngstown, at 304 Belmont avenue. They became the parents of five children : Carroll, of this sketch ; Anson, engaged in the grocery business at Youngstown ; Caroline, the wife of A. J. H. Davis, of Youngstown ; Charles in business with his brother Carroll, and Jesse, also with his brother. Carroll Thornton was reared to manhood in the county which is now his home and to its public schools he is indebted for his early educational discipline. After leaving school, he secured employment in the works of the Arms Bell & Company Bolt works at Youngstown, and he continued to be identified with this concern for six years, after which he went to Corry, Pennsylvania, where he was employed for five years in the office of the United States Express Company. Still continuing in the service of this company, he returned to Youngstown and after the business of the company was purchased by the Wells-Fargo Express Company, Mr. Thornton continued as agent with the latter until 1893, when he purchased the plant and business of the Calvin Winsworth Laundry Company. He forthwith erected a new and substantial brick building of three stories and so by 140 feet in dimensions. In this he installed machinery and appliances of the best modern type and eventually he expanded the scope of the enterprise by establishing a dry-cleaning department, for the accommodation of which he erected an annex to his main building. Mr. Thornton has made a careful study of all the details of the business and his laundry affords service unexcelled by that of any similar concern in the Union. Power is furnished by both steam and electricity and the large force of 135 employes is retained. Twelve delivery wagons are utilized in covering the large trade controlled by the laundry and the business extends into many of the neighboring towns. Mr. Thornton is well known among those engaged in the same line of business throughout the Union, and is at present treasurer, of the National Laundry Association Exchange. He is a stockholder in the Commercial National Bank of Youngstown and is known as one of the substantial business men of this section of the Western Reserve. His political support is given to the Republican party. In the Masonic fraternity Mr. Thornton is identified with Hillman Lodge, No. 481, Free and Accepted Masons, Youngstown Chapter, NoCommanderyrch Masons, St. John's Cornniandery, No. 20, Knights Templar ; in the Ancient Accepted Rite, he has attained to the Thirty-second degree, being affiliated with Lake Erie Sovereign Consistory, of Cleveland.. He also holds membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He takes a deep interest in all that concerns his home city and is at present a valued member of the board of education. In 1889, Mr. Thornton was united in marriage to Miss Bertha E. Stewart, of Corry, Pennsylvania, and they became the parents of one daughter,—Josephine, who is now in the city school. The mother died soon after the birth of the daughter and in 1898, Mr. Thornton contracted a second marriage, being then united to Miss Ada Miller, daughter of Rev. Manassis Miller, a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church. One son has been born of the second marriage,—William Wallace. The family home, at 258 Madison avenue, is the center of generous hospitality. JAMES B. WITTER, late of Margaretta township, Erie county, was for many years well known throughout this locality as an industrious and enterprising farmer, a patriotic citizen, a kind neighbor and a loving husband and father. A native of the Empire state, he was born January 25, 1818, in Ontario, and there spent the earlier years of his life. In the spring of 1846, ambitious to establish a home for himself, Mr. Witter came to Ohio, settling in Margaretta township, where he pur- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1601 chased 112 acres of land, a part of which had been cleared. Working with a will, he made improvements of value, placing the land under a high state of culture, and as his money accumulated he wisely invested in more land, becoming owner of a valuable farm of 305 acres. He erected a commodious residence on the place, building it of black walnut timber which was cut on his estate, and also sawed in a mill in this locality. This house was occupied by the family until 1908, when it was destroyed by fire. He continued as a general farmer in this township until his death, October 5, 1898. He was a Republican in politics, and though never an aspirant for political favors served in several township offices. Religiously he was a consistent member of the Baptist church. Mr. Witter married, February 28, 1847, Arena Campbell, a daughter of John and Sarah (Morris) Campbell and ten children were born to them, namely : Eunice R. born September 1, 1848; Sarah M., March 8, 1851 ; Dolly M., December 20, 1852 ; James M., January 12, 1855 ; Mary A., October 6, .1857 ; Florence, January 2, 1859 ; Douglas E., December 2, 1861 ; Flora, April 24, 1864 ; Elijah C., January 17, 1867 ; and Ruel, August 28, 1869. Two, Dolly M. and Florence, died while small, one at the age of four years and the other when nine. A son, James M., was drowned in 1876, and seven are now living. Ruel has always lived on the old homestead. He married, October 15, 1901, Izetta Coonrad, a daughter of Asa and Clara (Watson) Coonrad, of Sandusky county. Four children were born to Ruel Witter and wife, namely : Ralph J., Lawrence A., Melvin A. and Bruce R. He is the owner of the old homestead. Mrs. Witter survived her husband, and is now a bright and active woman of eighty-two years, her birth having occurred August 3o, 1827, in Erie county. Elijah C. Witter, their son, was born January 17, 1867, on the home farm. Beginning his studies in the district schools, he subsequently attended the Castalia high school two terms and the Milan Institute one term. Returning then to the parental roof-tree, he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, and has since been successfully employed in general farming, at the present time being also employed by the government as a mail carrier. He married, in 1890, Margaret W. Printice, a daughter of N. E. Printice. Mr. Printice was born in Margaretta township in 1832 and was a tiller of the soil for many years. In 1889 he moved to Paulding county, Ohio, where he still resides. On April 18, 1855, Mr. Printice married Emily Wadsworth, who was born, June 17, 1836, at Avon Springs, New York, and when six months old was brought by her parents to Margaretta township. She died in December, 1898. Mr. and Mrs. Elijah C. Witter became the parents of five children, one of whom has passed to the higher life, and four are living, namely : Mabel E., Nettie E., Margaret and Sarah Emily. Mr. Witter is a steadfast Republican in politics, and is a valued member of the Congregational church at Castalia. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights of the Modern Maccabees, and to the Patrons of Husbandry, of which his father was also a member. MILLARD F. JONES.-Endowed by nature with the push, energy and enterprise characteristic of the true-born American, Millard F. Jones is widely and favorably known to the traveling public as proprietor of the Morton House, in Leroy. A genial and accommodating host, he has an excellent patronage, the guests at his hotel being always well entertained and invariably speak a good word for the house. A son of Jonathan S. Jones, he was born, June 14, 1870, in the village of Leroy, coming from pioneer ancestry, his paternal grandfather, Isaac Jones, having been an early settler of the Western Reserve. Isaac Jones married Sally Simmons and in 1823 came from Bristol, New York, to Medina county, Ohio, settling in Westfield township. Taking up a tract of wild land, he cleared an opening, erected a log cabin, and from the forest cleared and improved a homestead, on which he was engaged in farming and sheep raising until his death. Jonathan. S. Jones was born in Westfield township, Medina county, Ohio, in 1839, and was reared to agricultural pursuits. When ready to start in life for himself he bought land in Westfield township, and as a general farmer and sheep raiser met with good success, having at times from three hundred to six hundred sheep in his flock. Retiring from active labor in 1897, he moved from his farm to the village of Leroy, where he has since resided. He married Harriet Phillips, a daughter of Simeon Phillips, one of the pioneers of Medina county. She .died in March, 1898, leaving three children, namely : A. L. Jones, M. F. Jones and Hattie Jones. Jonathan S. Jones was one of a family of eight children, the others being as follows : Andrew, de- 1602 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE ceased ; Isaiah ; Erwin ; Louis .H., living on the old homestead ; Roxy ; Elmina, and Abby, all deceased. After leaving Leroy High School, in which he completed his early studies, Millard F. Jones assisted his father in the care of the farm for a number of seasons. At the age of twenty years, with an ambitious desire to see more of our great country, he went to Portland, Oregon, remaining there two years. Returning then to Leroy, Mr. Jones engaged extensively in the live stock business, dealing in sheep, cattle and hogs, Cleveland being his principal market. In May, 1906, he embarked in the hotel and livery business, becoming proprietor of the Leroy House, with which he has since been associated. This hotel is well furnished and finely equipped, having twenty rooms, and in connection with the house is a five-acre tract of land, which Mr. Jones farms in connection with his hotel. In January, 1897, he was elected a director of the Ohio Farmers' Insurance Company, and still holds the position. Mr. Jones married in October, 1894, Miss Emma' Young, of Lodi, Ohio, a daughter of George and Catherine (Bayer) Young. LEWIS EDWARDS. A well known and successful farmer and dairyman of Paris township, Lewis Edwards is numbered among the active and prosperous business men who are contributing towards the development and advancement of the industrial interests of this part of Portage county. A native of Wales, he was born, February 18, 185o, in Cardigan, a son of Thomas and Matilda (Lewis) Edwards, who spent their lives in their native land. His paternal grandfather was Thomas Edwards, and his maternal grandfather was Hugh Lewis, both life-long residents of Wales. The second child in a family consisting of four boys and four girls, Lewis Edwards was educated in the common schools, remaining with his parents until attaining his majority. Ambitious then to seize every opportunity for advancing his financial condition, he emigrated to America, coming first to Paris township, where he followed the carpenter's trade for a time. Going then to Cleveland, where there was much building going on, he formed a partnership with two brothers, Edward Evans and David Evans, and subsequently located in Newburg, where he built up an extensive and lucrative business as a contractor and builder, the firm to which he belonged becoming widely and favorably known. The partnership being dissolved, Mr. Edwards purchased land in Paris township in 1892, and has since been actively and successfully engaged in general farming and dairying. Mr. Edwards has been twice married. He married first, in 1879, Selina Harrison, who was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, and died, in 188o, in Newburg, leaving no children. Mr. Edwards married for his second wife, in 1889, Mary James, who was born in South Wales, a daughter of John and Jane (Lewis) James, who emigrated to Ohio in 1846, locating in Palmyra township. Politically Mr. Edwards is a Republican ; religiously he belongs to the Episcopal church ; and fraternally he is a member of Newburg Lodge, No. 379, F. and A. M. ; and of Newburg Lodge, A. O. F. JOHN STAMBAUGH, who died in New York City, March 5, 1888, was one of the ablest of Youngstown's business leaders, an eminent figure in the development of the iron and coal industries of the middle west for half a century, and one who is especially deserving of a permanent and high place in a history of the Western Reserve, because of his constant identification with all the movements designed for the highest welfare of his home community. In connection with Governor David Tod, Mr. Stambaugh opened the famous Brier Hill coal mine, which was the beginning of the coal mining industry in the Mahoning Valley. As this great business, in turn, accomplished more than all else to make Youngstown a leading center of commerce and manufactures, he is gratefully and admiringly remembered by thousands of men and their families as the godfather of their comfort and prosperity. Although Mr. Stambaugh was affiliated with neither church nor benevolent societies, his name is widely and deeply honored for the many practical benefits which he conferred upon the community—benefits which came close to the hearts of men and women, to their homes and children. The deceased was known as a firm Republican, but never figured as a politician. Outside the material and civic interests on which he left the stamp of his strong and fine character, Mr. Stambaugh is also represented in the present generation by the following children : Grace G., who is the accomplished wife of Frederick D. Wilkerson, of Youngstown ; Henry Hamilton, who attended Cornell University, and who is president of the Brier HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1603 Hill Iron and Coal Company ; John, Jr., also educated at Cornell, who is president of the William Tod Company and treasurer of the Youngstown Steel Company ; and George, an extensive stock farmer at McGuffey, Hardin county. The late John Stambaugh was born at Brier Hill, Mahoning county, March 8, 1827, and was a son of John and Sarah (Bower) Stambaugh. After obtaining his primary education in Youngstown, he pursued a business course in Cincinnati. At the beginning of his independent career he became identified with the coal and iron enterprises conducted by the Tod family, and it was in this association that he found the required field for his broad business talents. For many years he was the active manager, in the field, of all those vast interests, and, with his broadening activities and responsibilities, wealth and power came to him. In the management and development of the business he went abroad several times, first in 1871. Upon two of his European trips he was accompanied by his entire family, and these tourinex- always recalled as events of inex.; pressible pleasure and great mutual profit. In the later years of his life with increasing business cares and weakened health, Mr. Stambaugh was often abroad at the famous watering places. Mr. Stambaugh was the founder of the Youngstown City Hospital, one of the finest institutions of its kind in Eastern Ohio. On September 12, 1854, Mr. Stambaugh married Miss Caroline Hamilton, who was born in Mahoning county, of English ancestry, and died March 14, 1904. Her parents were William and Mary (Hull) Hamilton, her father being a native of New Jersey and a soldier of 1812 when he settled in Ohio. His death occurred in 1846, his wife having preceded him in 1832. Mrs. Stambaugh was the youngest of the nine children born to this couple. JOHN RICHARDSON is a retired farmer living at Lodi, and he has been identified with the life and interests of Ohio throughout his entire life. He was born in Grafton township, Lorsoncounty, Ohio, August 9, 1832, a sorr of William E. and Mary M. (Dalton) Richardson. William E. Richardson was born in Yorkshire, England, and he passed his boyhood and school days there, and emigrating to the United States in 1830 he landed in the harbor of New York city. Making his way at once to Ohio he settled in Grafton township of Lorain county and bought a little farm of forty acres and engaged in farming. With the passing years he added to his original purchase until the boundaries of his farm contained two hundred and forty-five acres. He gave close attention to his agricultural labors, became a prosperous farmer and stocked his place with horses, cattle and sheep, making a specialty of the raising of fine sheep, which he fed for the eastern markets. He continued on the farm until his death in 1872. His wife died in the latter '70s, in her eighty-second year. They were the parents of six children, namely : William, deceased; Robert, deceased ; Elizabeth, deceased ; John, mentioned below ; Frank L., who resides in Lorain county, and George G., a carpenter of Grafton, Ohio. John Richardson received his educational training in the primitive log school houses common in Ohio in its earlier history, and later he attended a select school at Grafton. After putting aside his text books he learned and followed the carpenter's trade for four years, and then going to Henry county, this state, he bought a little farm of eighty acres, but sold the land soon afterward and returned to Grafton and to farm work. After his marriage he lived on a farm there for a short time, and then moving to Medina county he bought fifty acres of land near Litchfield and lived there for three and a half years, selling then and buying one hundred and six acres in Harrisvilllivedhip, north of Lodi. There he lived for a number of years, and then moved from that place to the village of Lodi, where he purchased a good home and has xuriesved retired, enjoying the lulVxuries which former years of labor have brought to him. He married in 186o Emily Norton, of Harrisville township, Medina county, where her father, Richard N. Norton, was an early settler. He was born in England on June 24, 1784, and he died on the 12th of May, 186o. His wife bore the maiden name of Sarah Richardson, but was no connection of the Richardsons of this review, and she was born at Ross, England, November 3, 1787. They were married in 1806, and they became the parents of eight children. The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Richardson : William R., a traveling salesman whose home is in Lodi ; Frank E., a farmer in Harrisville township ; Florence, the wife of Henry Bennader, and Flora May, wife of Vernon Munson, a farmer of Harrisville township. Mr. Richardson is a Republican in his 1604 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE political affiliations, and he is a member of the Congregational church. He has served his church as a trustee and is one of its most liberal contributors. Mrs. Richardson died in May of 1894, a devoted wife and mother. JOHN L. NICHOLL. The name of John L. Nicholl will long be held in gracious memory in the village of Amherst, Lorain county, Ohio, with whose business and industrial interests he was long and prominently identified. He was a man of notable attributes of character, generous and kindly in his associations with his fellowmen, and he gained and retained the inviolable friendship of those with whom he came in contact in the various relations of life. For the long period of fourteen consecutive years he held the responsible position of superintendent of quarry number six of the Cleveland Stone Company, having retired from this office about one year prior to his death, his resignation having been necessitated by his impaired health. Such was his standing as a business man and as a citizen, that it is most consonant to dedicate in this work a tribute to his memory and to offer a synopsis of his career. He was born in the beautiful city of Hamilton, province of Ontario, Canada, on the 3rd of September, 1859, and his death occured at his home in Amherst, Ohio, on the 23rd of September, 1905, his remains being laid to rest in Crown Hill cemetery at this place. He was a son of James and Jane K. (Lawson) Nicholl, and when he was three years of age his parents removed to Lorain county, Ohio, and settled at Brownhelm, in whose public schools he secured his, rudimentary education. He was a boy at the time of the family removal from that village to Amherst, where he continued his studies in the public schools and later he was a student for some time in Oberlin College, this state. - After leaving school Mr. Nicholl entered upon an apprenticeship at the trade of stonecutter, and he became an especially skilled artisan. After the completion of his apprenticeship he was employed as a journeyman at his trade in various places in the middle west, where fine stone-cutting was utilized in building construction. The last building on which he was thus employed was the town hall at Amherst, in the erection of which his father was contractor. His parents continued to maintain their home in Lorain county until their death. After the completion of the building just mentioned Mr. Nicholl secured employment in connection with the operation of the Cleveland Stone Company's quarry number nine, at Amherst, where he was thus engaged until August, 1887, when he went to Harrodsburg, Indiana, where he held the position of superintendent of another quarry of the same company for the ensuing four years. He then returned to Amherst to assume the position of superintendent of quarry number six and as incumbent of this office he continued in the employ of the Cleveland Stone Company for fourteen years, as has already been stated in this context. After his resignation he valiantly fought for one year a losing battle against disease, and when he was summoned to the life eternal there was manifested by the community as a whole a definite sense of personal loss and bereavement. Mr. Nicholl held the affectionate regard of those employed under his supervision, and all of the men of quarry number six gave touching evidence of their sorrow at his death. He was a true friend of humanity, liberal and generous to a fault, and devoted in the extreme to his family. He was democratic in his attitude, ever ready to lend a helping hand to those in affliction, and he found his chief solace in the sacred precincts of his home. In politics he gave his support to the cause of the Democratic party and his religious faith was indicated by his attendance at and support of the Congregational church. The only civic organization with which he was identified was the Royal Arcanum. On the 17th of November, 1886, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Nicholl to Miss Ella Swartwood, who was born and reared in Amherst, Lorain county, Ohio, and who is a daughter of Edwin and Maron (Steele) Swartwood, honored citizens of this place. Edwin Swartwood was born in the city of New York and traced his lineage to stanch English and Holland-Dutch origin. He was three years of age at the time of his parents removal to Amherst, Ohio, and here he was reared to maturity. He became a successful farmer of Lorain county and finally he visited California, where he remained about one year. He then returned to Amherst, where he passed the residue of his life and where his death occurred on the 3rd of July, 1907. His widow, now venerable in years, resides in the home of her daughter, Mrs. Nicholl. HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1605 ERASMUS DARWIN GRAVES, deceased, was born in Gaines, Orleans county, New York, December 21, 1822, but only a youth when the family home was established in Huron county, Ohio, he ever afterward was identified with its interests and was one of its representative farmers and business men. His parents, Spencer and Ann (Mills) Graves, the father a native of Massachusetts, came to Huron county, now Erie, in 1835, and purchasing a farm in Margaretta township they took up their abode thereon and spent the remainder of their lives there, the father dying in June of 1838. Darwin Graves attained to mature years on that homestead farm, and shortly after his marriage he bought a farm adjoining, containing in all 126 acres: The place at that time was practically covered with timber, but in time he cleared it and converted it into 'a valuable property, and he continued its cultivation and improvement until his life's labors were ended in death, his demise occurring on January 31, 1888, and his wife passed away in the year of 188o, on October 25. She bore the maiden name of Mary White, and was a daughter of Captain John White, of Hatfield, Massachusetts. They became the parents of seven children, but two died in infancy, and the two sons and three daughters now living are Lucius L., Ann S., J. Spencer, Emily M. and Alice L. The oldest and youngest daughters taught school for some time as did also the elder brother. The three sisters own and live on the homestead. Mr. Graves during his life time was a stanch Republican, but never cared for office. He was a self educated man and proved a stanch friend to the cause of education and did much for the schools of Erie county. He was a member of both the Grange and the Masonic fraternity, and both he and his wife were members of the Universalist church, as are also their daughters. DR. ORR ABRAHAM DICKSON has gained an enviable prestige as one of the able and successful practitioners of medicine in the city of Jefferson, where he has practiced since the year of 1900. He was born at Sheffield in Ashtabula county on the 6th of June, 1873, a grandson on the paternal side of James Dickson and a son of James Orr Dickson. James Dickson was born in Ireland, and coming to the United States in 1842 he settled in New York. He was a college educated man and was a Presbyterian in his religious. affiliations. Jane Orr, his wife, was born in Scotland and came with her husband to this country in 1846. James Orr Dickson, their son, was born at Belfast, Ireland, December 25, 1842, and from the family home in New York he came to Cleveland and thence to Sheffield in Ashtabula county, Ohio. He is numbered among the county's agriculturists. During the war between the north and the south he served as a member of the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and is now a member of William Rogers Post, G. A. R., at Sheffield. He is also a member of the Presbyterian church and of the Republican party. He married Susan Abigail Van Slyke, who was born in Sheffield on July 4, 1850, a daughter of Abram and Jane Van Slyke, who were born respectively in New York and Vermont. After a splendid training in the district schools and the Ashtabula High School, followed by a course in the Western Reserve University, where he received the degree of A. B., Orr A. Dickson entered the Starling Medical College and began the preparation for the profession which he had chosen as a life's work. He graduated with the degree of M. D., and from the 1st of June, 1898, until the 18th of September, 1900, he practiced in Cortland, Ohio. He came from there to Jefferson, and has since been numbered among the city's able physicians and is accounted one of her honored citizens. During three years he served Jefferson as a member of its council, was also a member of its first board of public works and for two years the president of the board, and he was an able assistant in the promoting ' and building of the water plant and in the building of the first sewer in the city. He is still a member of this board of public works, and is also the president of the board of trustees of Jefferson and of the Methodist Episcopal church. On the 26th of October, 1898, Dr. Dickson was married to Arminta Belle Wolcott, born at Lenox in Ashtabula county, and her educational training included attendence at the district schools, the Jefferson High School and Oberlin College, and she taught school for several years. She is a daughter of Albert George and Mary Marguerite Wolcott, the father a blacksmith and a justice of the peace. A son, Robert Orr Dickson, was born to Dr. and Mrs. Dickson on the 9th of November, 1902. Dr. Dickson is a member of the Ashtabula County Medical Society and its president for two years, a member of the State Medical 1606 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Society, which he represented as a delegate for two years, and a member of the American Medical Association. He also has fraternal relations with Tuscan Lodge, No 342, F. and A. M., at Jefferson, Ohio, has attained the Knight Templar degree in Masonry, and has fraternal relations with Ensign Lodge, No. 400, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. REV. LATHROP COOLEY. On the 2nd of January, 1910, was summoned to the life eternal this venerable, distinguished and honored citizen, one of the grand old adopted sons of the historic Western Reserve and one whose life was signally exalted and consecrated, making him a power for good during long years of faithful and effective service in the aiding and uplifting of his fellow men. A man of scholarly attainments, a deep thinker, a true gentleman of the courtly and dignified old school type, he was as broad and liberal in spirit as he was sincere and devout in his convictions. His was the gentle simplicity of true nobility of character, and it is most consonant that in this publication be accorded a tribute of recognition to his life and labors. His was the faith that makes faithful and he ever held the highest sense of his stewardship as a clergyman and as a man among men. For more than three score of years Mr. Cooley was active in the work of the ministry. He exerted a wide influence in the clarifying and invigorating of the moral and religious atmosphere of the Western Reserve and was eminently entitled to the uniform veneration and respect in which 'he was held by young and old. Rev. Lathrop Cooley was born in Genesee county, New York, on the 25th of October, 1821, being one in a family of nine children, all of whom grew to maturity and reared families.. He was a son of Chester Cooley and .the original American progenitor of the line came to the new world from England, becoming one of the early settlers of Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Chester Cooley was born and reared among the picturesque hills of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, whence he removed to Genesee county, New York, in the early part of the nineteenth century. The subject of this memoir, familiarly and affectionately known to his old neighbors and friends as Elder Cooley, gained his preliminary education in the common schools of his native state, after which he continued his studies in Brooklyn Academy and still later at Bethany College, at Bethany, West Virginia. Early manifesting strong religious tendencies and deep spiritual convictions, he studied for the ministry, taught school for a time, and began preaching at the age of twenty-two years. His first sermon was at his home church, North Eaton, Lorain county, Ohio, to which state he had come after leaving college in West Virginia. For many years it had been his custom to visit this North Eaton church on the second Sunday of July, marking the anniversary of his delivery of his first sermon in the original edifice. Had he lived until July, 1910, he would have been able to make his sixty-sixth anniversary pilgrimage to the church that was endeared to him through memories and associations of many years. At the age of twenty-four years Mr. Cooley was called to the pastorate of the Franklin Circle church at Cleveland, Ohio, being the first regular incumbent of this pastoral charge. With the exception of a year passed in Chicago and vicinity, his life work was done in the Western Reserve, and for more than sixty years he had been an active minister of the Disciples' church. He had long pastorates in Cleveland, Akron, Painesville, North Royalton and North Eaton. In 1877 he started the Disciples' mission that met at the corner of Erie and .Hamilton streets in the city of Cleveland. In 1883, this mission became the Cedar Avenue church, and in 1909 the church removed its headquarters to Crawford road. In each of the many places in which he served in the ministerial office Mr. Cooley won the love and esteem not only of his immediate parishioners but also of the community at large. There can be naught of inconsistency in offering the statement that he was without doubt one of the most influential and popular clergymen known in the history of the Western Reserve. He was ever tolerant and kindly in his attitude to other "households of faith," having no room in his heart for bigotry and ever holding the needs of humanity as of more importance than mere dogmas and creeds. He counted works and life above mere professions of faith, and the cardinal thought in his teaching was the care for and uplifting of the immortal soul. He had the strongest convictions and there was naught of vacillation in his course as a clergyman or as a man. He was a forceful and eloquent speaker, drawing upon the abundant resources of a large and mature mind, and his zeal and devotion never flagged in the slightest degree. He was president of the Christian Missionary Society, and was a HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1607 valued member of the board of trustees of Hiram College, to whose support he contributed with much liberality. During his long years of service as a clergyman Mr. Cooley had officiated at more than five hundred weddings and conducted more than two thousand funeral services. He was a man of fine physique and noble cast of features, and was frequently referred to as one of the best-looking men. of the historic old Western Reserve. Although nearly ninety years of age at the time of his demise, he was active in his work up to the last. For many years he passed the summer seasons in Medina, passing the winters in his pleasant home in the city of Cleveland, where he died on the 2nd of January, 1910, surrounded by his immediate family and friends—a veritable patriarch and a noble citizen whose loss is mourned in the Western Reserve, where he so long lived and labored. Mr. Cooley was twice married. In 1848 he wedded Miss Laura Reid, daughter of Harris Reid, who was a pioneer settler of Medina county. Mrs. Cooley was summoned to the life eternal in 1893; and of the five children of this union two died in infancy. Clara M., who became the wife of Dr. George Wilson, died in 1907, being survived by two sons,—Dr. Harris R. C. Wilson and Paul L. Wilson. The two surviving sons of the first marriage of the subject of this memoir are Rev. Harris R. Cooley, of Cleveland, and Almon B. Cooley, a resident of Michigan. In 1895 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Cooley to Miss Letta E. Searles, who was for a number of years principal of one of the Cleveland public schools and who survives her honored husband. Mrs. Cooley was born in Cuyahoga county, this state, and is a daughter of the late Solomon Searles, a native of the state of New York and a sterling pioneer of the Western Reserve, whither he came with his father, Daniel Searles, in 1833, the latter purchasing one thousand acres of land on Hinckley Ridge, Medina county. Mrs. Cooley is a direct descendant in the eighth generation from Captain Miles Standish, one of the gallant little band of Pilgrims who came over in the "Mayflower" and who was made the central figure in the idyllic poem, "The Courtship of Miles Standish," by the loved New England bard, Longfellow. COLUMBUS J. BALDWIN, a retired merchant of Norwalk, was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1831, and is a son of Abed and Philena (Lewis) Baldwin. The Baldwin family are of English descent, the first of this branch being three brothers who located in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, respectively, and the family here described are descended from the Connecticut family. Jared Baldwin, a native of Connecticut, was a commissary in the Revolutionary war, and furnished supplies for Washington's army ; his son, Jude Baldwin, also born in Connecticut, was a hatter by trade. Jude Baldwin was the father of Abed Baldwin, who was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, where he became a merchant, and where he died at the age of fifty-seven years. Philena Lewis, wife of Abed Baldwin, was also born in Luzerne county. Her father, Reverend Griffin Lewis, was a Baptist minister, and a native of Vermont. Mrs. Philena Lewis Baldwin was a cousin of Professor Taylor Lewis, a distinguished writer, whose name appears as an "American scholar and author" in the biographical section of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. He was one of the writers connected with Harper's publications and died in the year 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Abed Baldwin had five children that grew to maturity, and at this writing there are two surviving. Griffin L. resides near the old home in Luzerne county. He, and another brother, Ira, were soldiers in the war of the Rebellion. Columbus J. Baldwin is the second child and oldest son of the family. His boyhood was spent in his native place, and he received his later education at Wyoming University and Baldwin University, the latter at Berea, Ohio. Later, he became clerk of courts, postmaster and United States assistant assessor, being connected with the Federal Internal Revenue office. In 1866 he resigned his position and removed to Norwalk, where he engaged in the grocery business, which he continued for three years with success. He then removed to St. Claire county, Missouri, where he spent six years. Returning. to Norwalk, he again engaged in the same business, which he continued until 1907, at which time he retired. While living in Missouri he was located among the Younger brothers, during this time being postmaster and holding other local offices. He also was candidate for the legislature and served as a member of the council and on the school board. Mr. Baldwin has always taken an active interest in public affairs. He cast his first vote for Franklin Pierce for president, Vol. III-22 1608 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE and later voted for Fremont, for Grant, twice for Lincoln and three times for Bryan. He was one of the originators of the "Union League," which was organized in February, 1862, and which rendered the Union cause such valuable service. He is socially popular, and has a large circle of friends. He belongs to several Masonic bodies. He has acted as an able correspondent for several newspapers, and is possessed of considerable literary merit. Mr. Baldwin married, in 1859, Lucy A., daughter of Edwin and Permelia (Rose) Gager ; she was born in Lorain county, Ohio, and her people were early settlers of the Western Reserve. Her father was a native of Dutchess county, New York, and one of the Western Reserve's pioneers ; her mother also. came from New York among the pioneers. Of their three children Mrs. Baldwin is the second, and the only one of the family now surviving. Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin have two daughters, namely : Evelin, wife of C. W. Rule, a grocer of Norwalk, and Emma, wife of C. A. Shafer, a prominent grocer in Cleveland, and at one time president of the Grocers' Association. CHARLES HENRY WILKINS, head of the large furniture and undertaking establishment of the Wilkins-Hurst Company, Elyria, Ohio, belongs to the third generation of the Wilkins family in Lorain county. His grandfather, Silas Wilkins, a native of Vermont, came from the "Green, Mountain State" to the Western Reserve at an early day and was one of the original settlers on Vermont street, La Grange, Lorain county. He died here at the ripe old age of eighty years. His wife before her marriage was a Miss Tinney. Their son, Henry J., a native of La Grange township, Lorain county, was born October 24, 1839. On April 6, 1859, he married Miss Anna Rowell, a native of New York state and a daughter of Benjamin Rowell, and on April 6, 19o9, after half a century of happy married life, they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. Their son, Charles Henry, was born in La Grange, July 14, 1862. He passed his boyhood on his father's farm, receiving his education in the common schools of La Grange, the Academy at Chatham, and the La Grange high school. In the spring of 1889 he left the farm and engaged in business at Lorain, under the firm name of Wickens & Wilkins; undertakers and dealers in furniture, and continued there until the fall of 1896, when he sold out and removed to Elyria. Here, in March, 1897, he became associated with Charles C. Ensign, under the style of Ensign & Wilkins, and was engaged with him in the undertaking and furniture business until Mr. Ensign's death, August 17, 1905. From September 2 of that year until November 11, 1907, Mr. Wilkins conducted the business under his own name, he having purchased the interest owned by Mr. Ensign. On the last named date the Wilkins-Hurst Company was incorporated, with Mr. Wilkins president and general manager. Mr. Wilkins married Miss Minnie B. Moses, who was born in Lorain county, Ohio, daughter of William and Harriett (Castle) Moses, Mrs. Moses being a daughter of Judge Castle, of Medina. Mr. and Mrs. Wilkins have three daughters—Mabel B., Maude A. and Treva May, all graduates of the Elyria high school, and all now at home, Mabel, the eldest daughter, being the widow of Walter R. Strong, of New .York state, who died on May 7, 1909. Mr. Wilkins and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and fraternally he is identified with the Maccabees and the Masons, in the latter order having attained the Knight Templar degree. DR. JOHN T. HAYNES, who has long been identified with the medical profession in Sandusky, was born in Butler county, Ohio, on June 29, 1864, a son of Dr. Moses H. and Sarah (Hunter) Haynes, both natives of Ohio, and born respectively in the town of Hamilton in 1825 and in Hamilton county in 1833. The paternal family trace their ancestry to Revolutionary heroes and on to John Haynes, who came to this country on the historic Mayflower. Dr. Moses H. Haynes graduated from Oxford, Ohio, college in 1854 and from the Miami Medical College at Cincinnati in 1856, and at the outbreak of the Civil war in 1861 he received a commission as assistant surgeon of the Sixty-ninth. Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, later becoming surgeon of the One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Regiment of Ohio Infantry, serving with the latter command until the close of the war. Locating then in the town of Seven Mile in Butler county, Ohio, he practiced medicine there continuously until retiring from the profession in 1887. He moved to Richmond, Indiana, at this time, and lived a quiet life in that city until his death, on October 6, 1907. He affiliated with the Democratic party, and was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Knights of Honor, of the Grand Army of the Republic HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1609 and of the Methodist church. Of his children : Louella May was born in June, 1860, at Seven Mile, Ohio, and she pursued a course in literature and music in Cincinnati, Ohio. She married the Rev. Dr. David S. Schaff, a son of the late Dr. Phillip Schaff, of the Union Theological Seminary of New York, and the first few years of their married life were spent in Kansas City, Missouri, where he was a minister in the First Presbyterian church. After spending a couple of years abroad, during which time they made a tour of the Holy Land, they returned to the United States and located in Jacksonville, Illinois. Afterward moving to Cincinnati, Ohio, he for four years occupied the chair of church history in the Lane Theological Seminary, and resigned that position to accept a similar one in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, their present home. Their seven children, six sons and a daughter, are all living. Earl P. Haynes, the youngest son of Dr. Moses Haynes, was born in October of 1872. He is a graduate bf Cornell University, and had previously spent four years in the high school at Middletown, New York. He is now the principal of a high school in New York City. He married Miss Della Baylis, from Richmond, Indiana. Dr. Moses Haynes married for his second wife, in 1865, Elizabeth Place, and her death occurred in 1891. Dr. John T. Haynes attended in his youth Earlham College, in Richmond, Indiana, and is a graduate of the Miami Medical College of Cincinnati with the class of 1889. After practicing in the Cincinnati Hospital for a short time he was made the assistant surgeon of the Ohio Soldiers and Sailors' Home at Sandusky, and in August of 1891 was made the sergeant of the home, a position he has held continuously to the present time. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, a member of the. Elks, of the Republican party and of the Presbyterian church. In 1891 Dr. Haynes married Olive D. Ashton, a daughter of Dr. and Mrs. A. S. Ashton, of Piqua, Ohio, and of the six children which have graced this union—five sons and a daughter—five are yet living. LLOYD GARRISON TUTTLE.—Exceptionally well equipped for the exacting duties of the legal profession, as well by natural gifts and enthusiastic zeal as by scholarly attainments, untiring industry and sterling integrity, Lloyd Garrison Tuttle holds a position of note among the leading lawyers of Painesville, Ohio, where he has been in practice for upwards of thirty years. A son of William Brown Tuttle, he was born, September 5, 1848, in Concord, Lake county, Ohio, of pioneer stock. The emigrant ancestor of that branch of the Tuttle family to which he belongs was one William Tuttle, who, accompanied by his wife, Elizabeth, and their children, came from England to the United States in 1635, and settled in Massachusetts. His descendants are numerous, and may be found in all parts of the Union. The great-great-grandfather of Mr. Tuttle was John Tuttle, the line being continued through his son, Joseph Tuttle, Sr., thence through Joseph Tuttle, Jr. Joseph Tuttle, Sr., married Hannah Messenger, a daughter of Isaac and Anna (Ward) Messenger. Isaac Messenger and six brothers were all Revolutionary soldiers and three of them were at the battle of Bunker Hill. Joseph Tuttle, Jr., for many years a prominent and influential citizen of Concord township, Lake county, Ohio, married Mrs. Mary (Kibbe) Adams, a daughter of Moses and Mary (Case) Kibbe, a widow, who by her first marriage had one son, Martin H. Adams. Of their union five children were born, namely : William Brown, father of Lloyd G. ; Madison, deceased ; Francis Washington ; Grandison Newell, now known as Judge Tuttle, of Painesville ; and Harriet, deceased. William Brown Tuttle was born in Concord township March to, 1824, and during his life was engaged in agricultural pursuits, having been one of the more prominent farmers of Lake county. He was an ideal citizen, a conscientious Christian, and a leading member of the Disciples church of Mentor, which he helped to build and which he served as trustee, deacon and elder. He was a man of strong convictions, a stanch adherent of that brave hero, William Lloyd Garrison, and in the trying time. of the anti-slavery troubles his house was one of the underground railway stations. He was subsequently identified with the Republican party, afterwards becoming identified with the Greenback organization, and subsequently joining the Bryan Democrats. He served as trustee of Concord township, and for several terms was road supervisor. On May 5, 1845, William B. Tuttle married Phebe Flint Hopkins, who was born in Mentor, Lake county, Ohio, September 18, 1825, and completed her early education at Kirtland Academy under Dr. Lord. She was a daughter of Daniel Hopkins, who married Anna Churchill, 1610 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE a daughter of Samuel and Anna Churchill, and a granddaughter of Benjamin and Phebe (Flint) Hopkins, natives of Vermont. Benjamin Hopkins was one of "the Green Mountain Boys" in the early struggle for freedom. He with his wife and children in 1795 emigrated to Onondaga, New York, and there engaged in the salt business. In the year of 1805 he sold all his property and invested the proceeds in a cargo of salt at Buffalo and shipped it for Fairport. His young son, Daniel, then a lad of fifteen, traded his dog for three barrels of salt that was shipped with his father's load. But 'the boat proved unseaworthy and all but three barrels of salt were lost in a storm that came on some time after leaving Buffalo. The three barrels that were saved his father gave to Daniel, who sold the same for forty-five dollars, which constituted the nucleus for the fortune he afterwards acquired. Daniel Hopkins and his wife, Anna, familiarly known as "Uncle Dan and Aunt Anna," were greatly respected and esteemed by all who knew them and their home was a harbor of refuge for many a wanderer and a haven of rest for his father and mother at the time of his death, which occurred May 24, 1867, at the age of seventy-seven years. He was one of the largest land owners in his township. His wife survived him for, over thirty-one years, dying August 5, 1898, at the ripe age of ninety-four years and three months, outliving all five of her daughters and two of her sons, Charles and Edward, all of whom are together with Benjamin and Phebe (Flint) Hopkins, laid to rest in the Mentor cemetery. Eleven children were born to Daniel and Anna (Churchill) Hopkins, namely : Anna, Lavina, Phebe Flint, Daniel, Charles, Mary Ann, Martha, Martin Van Buren, Wilson Shannon and Edward and Edgar, twins. All of these children grew to years of maturity, but, with the exception of Daniel and Martin Van Buren, none are now living. As a girl Phebe Flint Hopkins was the acknowledged belle of Mentor. She was accomplished, modest and amiable, as she was handsome. She began housekeeping with her young husband in Concord, Lake county, and there occurred the births of her children; as follows : Counsel William, born June 23, 1846 ; Lloyd Garrison, the subject of this sketch ; Almena Alfaretta, born September 16, 1851 ; Daniel Hopkins, born February 16, 1855 ; and Caroline Cordelia, born July 3, 1857. Her untimely death occurred at her home on November 11, 1860, casting a gloom over the entire community. Attending first the district school of Concord township, Lloyd Garrison Tuttle subsequently continued his studies at the select school of Seth Edson at Wilson's Corners in the same township, afterwards going with his brother Counsel to the Painesville schools, footing it back and forth, a distance of three miles, each morning and evening in pleasant weather, in stormy. seasons boarding in town. Mr. Tuttle further advanced his studies by an attendance at the Willoughby Collegiate Institute and at Hiram College, and later entered the Cleveland Law School, from which he was graduated with the class of 1875. Previous to that time, however, in the winter of 1866 and 1867, he had taught school at Chardon township, receiving twenty dollars a month salary. He was fairly successful in his pedagogical work, but not pleased with the small pay, which was not at all to be compared, everything considered, with the twenty-five dollars a month that he received when but sixteen years old while working for a neighboring farmer, attending the crops and doing any required work, including the cradling of several acres of wheat, oats and rye, the pitching one way of forty-five acres of hay, and splitting the family's year's supply of wood. After thus acquiring some knowledge of farming, Mr. Tuttle began dealing in a small way in cattle, hogs and sheep on his own account, and met with good success in his ventures. When twenty years old, Mr. Tuttle made a contract with Franklin Parker, of Mentor, to make engagements for engrafting fruit trees in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and was afterwards one of a four-man-team to do that work. Becoming an expert in the business, he, in 1869, in company with his brother Counsel, who had been similarly employed for two seasons, entered into partnership and made a good success of engrafting. Mr. Tuttle subsequently carried on the same business on an extensive scale, sending out men to secure the work, and giving the same such personal attention as was needed. In the spring of 1870 he purchased a half interest in the Gilmore flouring and lumber mills of Burton, Ohio, which proved a successful venture. He disposed of the same in 1874. Beginning the practice of his profession, with a partner, at Chagrin Falls, Mr. Tuttle remained there until 1877, when he located in HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1611 Painesville. He had previously purchased his partner's interest in their law library and office furniture, and having moved it to this city continued the practice of his profession alone until February 9, 1879, when he formed a partnership with his uncle, Judge G. N. Tuttle, who had just retired from office as probate judge of Lake county. This firm, Tuttle & Tuttle, continued successfully until May 1, 1901, when it was dissolved by mutual consent. Since the erection of the postoffice building Mr. Tuttle has had offices on the second floor, and his rooms and library and the rooms and library of Judge Tuttle and of Martin A. Tuttle, the latter being a son of Judge Tuttle, are used in common. In 1878 he purchased a vacant lot on which in the same and following year he erected the buildings thereon which now comprise his home at 412 Liberty street. Inheriting strong anti-slavery beliefs from his father and grandfather, Mr. Tuttle became an early defendant of equal rights, and as a boy hurrahed for John C. Fremont and rejoiced in the election of Abraham Lincoln. He is now independent in politics, casting his vote in favor of what he deems the best men and measures regardless of party restrictions, in favor at all times of the masses against the classes. He was elected justice of the peace of Painesville township, but resigned when he formed a partnership with Judge Tuttle. When a boy Mr. Tuttle united with the Disciples church at Mentor, later becoming a member of the same church at Chagrin Falls and afterwards in the Painesville church of that denomination. He now more frequently attends the Congregational church, of which his wife and children are members, and in his religious beliefs is decided liberal. Socially Mr. Tuttle was at one time a member and presiding officer of an organization called "Chosen Friends," to which he and his wife belonged until it disbanded. He is now a member of the "National Union," formed on the same plan, being a life insurance society, and is treasurer of its Painesville branch. He is also president of the Herald Building Company, an Ohio corporation with home office in his city. On July 19, 1870, Mr. Tuttle married Lillie Maria Merriman, who was educated first in the district schools of Burton, Ohio, and in the Burton high school, later attending the high schools in Claridon and in Chardon, and completing her studies at Hiram College, where Mr. Tuttle made his first acquaintance with her. Her father, Joel Tuttle Merriman, took up land in Burton, Geauga county, Ohio, and from the virgin forest cleared and improved a good farm. In the house which he there erected Mrs. Tuttle was born, and there the death of her second brother occurred in infancy, and her third brother there died after the war. Mr. Merriman and two of his sons, David Joel, now Dr. Merriman of Painesville, and Henry Lucius, served in the Civil war. Mr. Merriman was one of the brave "Squirrel Hunters" who, leaving his horse hitched in town, started out with the others to capture Morgan in his raid through southern Ohio. Mr. Merriman, familiarly known as "Uncle Joel," was an expert bee grower, being known far and wide for his skill as an apiarist, and continued his loved work until the last, dying suddenly in his bee yard on June 27, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle's married life has been an especially harmonious and pleasant one. They have two children living, Phebe Emogene, born at her mother's old home in Burton, Ohio, September 6, 1874 ; and Fred Lloyd, born at the present family home, No. 412 Liberty street, Painesville, December 8, 1881. Two other children, Lillie and Leita, were born September 30, 1884, but both died in infancy. Phebe E. Tuttle, a graduate of the Painesville high school, was married at the home of her parents June 30, 1897, to James Martin Young and now resides at No. 43 Chestnut street, Geneva, Ohio. They have one child, Genevieve Anita, a bright and attractive little girl of seven years. Fred Lloyd Tuttle, who was graduated from the Painesville high school, read law in his father's office, but not caring for a professional life accepted a position with the Gail Grant Company, in which he has been head bookkeeper for the past three years. He married September 26, 1906, Helen Marietta Baker, and now lives at No. 107 East South street, Painesville, in sight of and near to his old home. MOZART GALLUP, president and general manager of the Sandusky Tool Company, is one of the old and reliable citizens of that industrial center, who is materially associated in establishing and developing one of its most important and stable concerns. He is now in his eighty-first year, and for nearly three decades past has given his utmost strength and ability to the, building up of an enterprise which he assumed when it was weak and even tottering in a financial sense. Through his energies and fine management the Sandusky Tool Company 1612 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE now stands as one of the most substantial and progressive industries of the city. Mr. Gallup . is a native of the Agawam parish, now Agawamtown, West Springfield, Massachusetts, where he was born on May 25, 1829, the son of Palmer and Desire (Worthington Ball) Gallup. The Gallup family has been prominent for many generations in the history of Connecticut, while the Balls are more particularly identified with Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1844, then in his sixteenth year, young Mozart migrated westward and located at Elyria, Ohio. The following four years were passed in various mercantile pursuits, and in 1853, when in his twenty-fifth year, Mr. Gallup became a partner of H. K. Kendall & Co., and thus continued for three years. In 1858 he was appointed cashier for Baldwin, Laundon and Nelson, general merchants, who had purchased the business of Kendall & Co., which position he held until 1863, when he was nominated on less than twenty-four hours' notice for the office of auditor of Lorain county,. Ohio, and elected by a majority of about 3,000. He served with credit in that office during the succeeding six years. He might have retained it a much longer time, but desired to re-enter private business, and in March, 1869, established a cheese house at Elyria. After conducting this three years he went abroad and became a resident of Glasgow, Scotland, where he remained in business for two years, locating at Sandusky in April, 1874. In the year named Mr. Gallup became connected with- James Woolworth, the widely known manufacturer of ax handles, and served as his general manager until he was appointed treasurer and general manager of the Sandusky Tool Company. In 1887, having developed the business until it was upon a firm foundation, he was advanced to the presidency of the concern, and has remained at the head of its affairs until the present time. Although its operations have been substantially extended, its capital has remained ac $150,000. The company manufactures carpenter's wood planes, planter's field hoes, bench screws and plane irons, its annual output being now about $200,000. When Mr. Gallup was appointed manager of this industry it was $144,000 in debt, but his good management resulted in clearing it of all incumbency in 1902. Mr. Gallup is now president of the Commercial National tank of Sandusky, Ohio, also of the Lincoln Stove. and Range Company of Fremont, Ohio. Mr., Gallup has one son, Frank Mozart Gallup, who is married, and one daughter, Mary Hortense Gallup, single. He also has three grandchildren, namely : Perry Mozart Gallup, twenty-five years of age, first lieutenant of the United States coast artillery service and located at Fort Strong, Boston Harbor, on land that belonged to his ancestor, John Gallup, in 1630; Alden W. Gallup, twenty-one years of age, in Cornell, and a granddaughter, Helen W. Gallup, eighteen years of age, in school at Lowell. The genealogy of the Gallup family is both remarkable and interesting. Of French origin, several of its representatives migrated to England at the time of the Reformation. It may be traced back in an unbroken chain to the year 1463, where its progenitors were settled at Berwick-on-Tweed, England. In 1630 John Gallup, the original American ancestor, settled at Boston, Massachusetts, as an associate of Governor Winthrop. His son, John, was a captain in the famous Pequot war with King Philip, and was killed in the Swamp Fight in 1675. Quite a remarkable relic has descended from these times to the present, and is now in the possession of Hon. C. H. Gallup, of Norwalk, Ohio, a cousin of Mozart. It is in the shape of a wampum belt, presented to one of his ancestors by a friendly Narragansett Indian as a warning of war and trouble. The wife of the captain named was Hannah Lake, daughter of Margaret (Reed) Lake, a sister of the wife of Governor Winthrop. She was of truly royal blood, being a lineal descent of Charlemagne, the great king of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans in the eighth century, A. D. The Ball family (maternal branch of Mozart Gallup) was founded in America by Francis Ball, who settled at West Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1640, and was one of six brothers who came from England, five of whom settled in New England and one in Virginia. The Virginia branch was connected with Washington. The Worthington family, from whom descended Mr. Gallup's maternal grandmother, was established in America by Nicholas Worthington in 1640. Mr. Gallup is a lineal descendant of John Alden and Priscilla-1620. There are four other families whose genealogical lines converge in the Gallup family. The Palmers were founded by Walter Palmer at Charleston, Massachusetts, in 1632 ; the American ancestor of the Stanton family was Thomas Stanton, who located at Stonington, Connecticut, about 1630; Nathaniel Chese- HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1613 brough founded the family by that name in this country by locating at Boston in 1630, and Captain George Denison was the American forefather of that family and settled at Roxbury, Massachusetts, 1630. Nearly all of the representatives of these families were among the original settlers of Stonington, Connecticut, afterward moving successively to New London and Mystic, and of all of whom Mr. Gallup is a lineal descendant. The latter town became the ancestral home of the family ; Mr. Gallup's mother dying there in 1868, and his father, in 1880.   In closing this brief review of the work and family connections of Mozart Gallup, especial mention is due the high and strong character of Palmer Gallup, his father. He was a man of both remarkable and apparently contradictory gifts, being not only a mathematician of national fame, but a musician who was widely known as a teacher and composer ; some of the most eminent musicians of Boston received tuition at his hands, and he owned the largest double bass viol in the world and played the same at Gilmour's Great Boston Jubilee among one hundred double basses. It is a well founded fact that Palmer Gallup was the author of the arithmetic which so long held sway in the high schools and colleges of the country under the name of "Olney's." He was also a learned Latin scholar, long connected with the faculty of the Connecticut Literary Institute ; a surveyor and cartographer of note. As to the lovable and spiritual nature of his character too much cannot be said.   J. FRED. TOWNSEND and his father, Oscar Townsend, have both been prominent figures in the railroad progress of northern Ohio, the elder man being for many years head of the Bee Line railway, otherwise known as the Three C's (Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad). For a number of years the family home has been at Chippewa Lake, where the father purchased a farm. This is the home of the widow and the summer residence of J. Fred., whose headquarters are in Pittsburg, where for the past ten years he has served as traffic manager of the National Tube Company and controls large transportation interests. The latter was born in the city 0f Cleveland August 16, 1860, son of Oscar and Elizabeth (Martin) Townsend. The father was a native of Greenwich, Huron county, Ohio, where he was born March 22, 1838, spent his boyhood and received a district school and academic education. Later he attended Cleveland high school, leaving the latter institution in his seventeenth year. His next distinctive step in life was to enter the employ of the Big Four Railway Company, gradually advancing to the presidency both through great force of character and attractive personal qualities. These leading traits made him one of the most prominent and best-liked railroad men of the state, his death, May 4, 4895, being widely noted as a distinct loss to the transportation management of the middle west. On December 22, 1856, the deceased married Miss Elizabeth Martin, of Greenwich, Huron county, Ohio, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Rowland) Martin. The four children of this union were Frank Martin, who was superintendent of the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railway, is now a resident of Pittsburg ; J. Fred. Townsend, of this sketch ; Willard H., a railroad contractor of Pittsburg ; and Oscar, who is now assistant general freight agent of the Chicago & Great Western Railway at Pittsburg.   J. Fred. Townsend received his early education in the public schools of Cleveland and later at Mount Pleasant Military Academy, Sing Sing, New York. He then entered the employ of the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railway Company as clerk, afterward being appointed general traffic agent at Cleveland, Ohio, and holding the latter position until 1893. Mr. Townsend next accepted a responsible position with the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad at Toledo, Ohio, and after remaining in that office for three years returned to Cleveland as general freight and passenger agent of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad. In 1899 he was called to Pittsburg to assume his present position, that of traffic manager of the National Tube Company.   On November 22, 1882, Mr. Townsend married Miss Annie Marie Rodermond, of Haver-straw, New York, daughter of Henry Rodermond, a native of New York City and a ship builder of good standing. The children of this union are as follows : Richard Rodermond, a graduate of Yale (1907) in literature and is attending the Pittsburg Law School and Elizabeth Martin, who attended Pennsylvania College for Women and finished her education at a young ladies' seminary at Ogontz, Pennsylvania. Mr. Townsend's beautiful summer residence at Chippewa Lake is called "Five Oaks" from the grand shade trees of that variety which grace his grounds. The family farm   1614 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   comprises about eighty acres, including pleasure grounds (of twenty acres) located in a grove on the shore of Lake Chippewa. This place is situated on one of the highest points in the state of Ohio, being 550 feet above the level of Lake Erie.   FRED L. LEFFINGWELL.—A well known and highly esteemed resident of Kingsville, Ashtabula county, Fred L. Leffingwell has here been profitably engaged in horticultural pursuits for many years, being one of the leading fruit producers of this part of Ohio. A native of Kingsville, he was born August 21, 1852, coming from substantial New England ancestry, his parents having migrated from Durham, Connecticut, to the Western Reserve early in the "thirties," probably about 1835. He is the only surviving member of his generation of the Leffingwell family.   Interested from his youth in the art and science of growing plants and fruits, Mr. Leffingwell has made a special study of this branch of industry, which he is pursuing with pleasure and profit. He has had wide experi ence and in the raising of choice fruits has acquired remarkable skill, his large and symmetrically planted orchards bearing abundantly each season, and being very attractive to the passer-by, betokening to even the most casual observer the thrift, industry, skill, and wise management of the proprietor of this valuable estate.   REV. JOSEPH S. WIDMANN.—The first seat of Catholicity in the state of Ohio was Sandusky, where some of the converted Wyandots began to settle about the year of 1740, while in the following year of 1741 Father Armand de la Richardie, S. J., led a party there to form a permanent settlement and to withdraw them from the temptations of the French fort at Detriot. A chapel was accordingly built and mass regularly celebrated for some years, or until Chief Nicholas drove Father Armand de la Richardie from the settlement, although he returned there in 1747. About fifty-five years ago, in 1855, the old St. Mary's church was built for the German Catholics of Sandusky, and in 1873, under the pastorate of the Rev. Father Moes, the corner stone for the new and present church was laid, and the building was completed in 1880, at a cost of $80,000. This is one of the largest churches in the diocese, containing a membership of about 80o families, about fifty-four of whom have been members for fifty years or more.   The present pastor of St. Mary's church is the Rev. Joseph S. Widmann, who was born in Rice township, Sandusky county, Ohio, January 4, 1861, a son of Daniel and Mary (Haffner) Widmann, who were from Baden, Germany. They came to Sandusky in 1848, later settling on a farm in Rice township, which is still the home of the mother, the father having died January 9, 1891. Joseph as a boy attended the di0neict school, and at the age of nineteen entered Canisius College at Buffalo, New York, where he was a student for five years, and then entering St. Mary's Seminary in Cleveland he studied there during the following six years and was ordained for the priesthood on the 8th of April, 1892, by Bishop Horstmann. He arrived in Sandusky on the 24th of April, following, to serve as the assistant pastor of St. Mary's church, spending the first year under Father Heidegger ; was then for eight years under Rev. S. Rebholz, and at the death of Rev. Rebholz, on the 7th of April, 1901, Rev. Joseph S. Widmann succeeded to the pastorate and still presides over the church. He has as his assistant the Rev. Father Andlauer. During his pastorate at St. Mary's Rev. Father Widmann has completed the erection of a large school building, 92 by 132 feet in dimensions, with fifteen class rooms and an auditorium containing 935 chairs, the entire basement being used for social purposes and contains a spacious dining room. The building was completed at a cost of about $100,000. The old school numbered about 56o pupils, and the spacious new building will permit the accommodation of 800. Rev. Father Widmann is loved and honored in his parish and in his town, and he is thoroughly earnest and sincere in all his thoughts, words and deeds.   EDWIN R, CULVER.—Well educated, talented and progressive, Edwin R. Culver, of Medina, has always identified himself with the interests of Medina county, and as a farmer and a teacher has amply proved his ability and worth. He has ever been an earnest supporter of every feasible project for advancing the educational and moral welfare of town and county and for promoting its social progress. A native of this county, he was born August 18, 1839, in Montville township, a son of Sidney Culver. His grandfather, Mi800 Culver, came from New England to Ohio as early as 1808, becoming a pioneer of Middlebury, in that part of the   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1615   Western Reserve now included within the boundaries of Summit county. He was patriotic and public-spirited and served as a soldier in the war of 1812.   Sidney Culver was born January 6, 1806, in Vermont, but was brought up in Middlebury, Ohio; from the age of two years. He worked for a few years.at the stone cutter's trade, but gave it tip for the more congenial occupation of a farmer. Locating in Guilford township, .Medina county, in 1832, he cleared and improved a good farm. He removed to Montville township in 1837, cleared another farm and there resided until his death, March 5, 1867. He married in 1837. Miss Elvira Smith, who was born in Madison county, New York, from there coming with her parents, in girlhood, to Medina county. She survived him, passing away May 29, 1880.   Having completed a course of study in the Medina high school, Edwin R. Culver began teaching school at the age of nineteen years, and in this vocation has met with recognized success, teaching eighteen terms during the winter seasons, and his services were always in demand as an instructor. He is also engaged .in agricultural pursuits, owning a fine farm of 153 acres, which he manages with pleasure and profit, and his estate, with its comfortable and conveniently arranged farm buildings, giving to the passer-by substantial evidence of the excellent care and skill he bestows upon it.   On April 5, 1861, Mr. Culver married Mary Landis, who was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, August 18, 1844, and as a child came with her parents, John and Sarah Landis, to Ohio. She is a most estimable woman, much respected by all who know her, and she was baptized in the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church.   An influential member of the Republican party, Mr. Culver has held various public offices, and in 1880 was land appraiser of Montville township. For eighteen years he was secretary of the Union Mutual Insurance Company, resigning that position to become president of the Lightning Rod Mutual Fire Protective Association, one of the solid institutions of Ohio, of which he was a promoter and became a director. He is also secretary of the Medina County Farmers' Telephone Company, filling the position successfully from its organization in 1905. He joined the Patrons of Husbandry in the winter of 1893, became an active and influential member and largely labored and directed the building of a fine large grange hall at Poe, Ohio. He became master of Montville Grange upon its organization in 1893 and continues to hold the position. He was also chosen Pomona master of Medina county and has held the place for many years. He has labored earnestly in the cause of progressive agriculture and believes the grange organization is an upbuilder of the American farmer. Because of his known ability and influence Mr. Culver was recently appointed by Governor Harmon to be a member of the Farmers' National Congress of the United States and is an active member of that body.   JOSEPH P. RICE, owner and operator of the Lodi sawmill, is among the best known manufacturers of hardwood lumber in Medina county and the Western Reserve. His large and modern plant not only turns out such lumber in bulk, but specializes in the sawing of crate timber for potato, celery and apple boxes, its output. in the latter line being very extensive. Mr. Rice's success and high standing as a manufacturer in these lines have been attained by years of close application and hard work, as he has been connected with the sawmill business ever since boyhood. He may also have inherited his liking and his aptitude for general mechanics and this special industry, since several generations of the Rice family, and many of its representatives, have been leaders in the lumber manufactures of both Pennsylvania and northern Ohio.   Mr. Rice is a native of Chatham township, Medina county, born on November 16, 1857, and is a son of John and Hannah ( Stine) Rice. The grandfather, Phillip Rice, was a native of Pennsylvania and an early settler of Ohio, who married a Miss Sarah Herman, also a native of that state. The maternal grandfather was one of the early settlers of Medina county, clearing one of the pioneer farms of Chatham township and spending his last days as an agriculturist there. John Rice, the father of Joseph P., was born in Wayne county, in 1824, and was educated at Trinity school of his native county.   His wife's parents, Joseph and Traphina (Baer) Stine, were among the first German-American settlers of that locality. John Rice died in 1907 and his wife died in 1903. They had a family of children as follows : Joseph P., of this review ; Sarah Trephina, who mar-   1616 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   ried Ed Gilbert ; Irene married to Ed Aubl'e; Clement S., a farmer by occupation ; William and Mary at home.   Joseph P. Rice passed his boyhood and early school days in Chatham township, where he also acquired his first knowledge of the sawmill business in his father's establishment. He continued identified with the business until his marriage in 188o, when he became the proprietor of an establishment himself at Lodi, the thirty years of his subsequent experience having made him the well known manufacturer of today. He resides in a fine home, surrounded by native forest trees and situated on a commanding elevation in the western part of the city. All his surroundings mark him as a man of substance and taste—a credit to his own discerning abilities and to his German-American ancestry, early planted in New England soil and marshaling itself in line with the, Revolutionary soldiery. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph P. Rice have become the parents of Lepha L., who married Edwin Wood ; Grover C.,'now a practicing attorney, married Grace Dean ; Leona Alice, married B. E. Carter ; and Noble A. and John E., who live at home. There are three grandchildren : Glenn Wood, son of Edwin Wood and wife ; Dorothy Dean Rice, daughter of Grover C. Rice, and Theo Carter, daughter of B. E. Carter and wife.   HARVEY E. ALBERT, whose homestead comprises 116 acres of the old Albert homestead in Harrisville township, Medina county, is a prosperous type of the present-day agriculturist. He has a comfortable home, tastefully furnished and lighted by natural gas ; possesses a fine touring car, which is the means of much convenience and pleasure to his family and friends ; his farm buildings are built and arranged for the safe storage or expeditious handling of his crops, and it is safe to say that no one in the county is more up-to-date in machinery equipment, as he was for a number of years a successful salesman of agricultural implements and is therefore an expert in selection and operation. Mr. Albert also takes a lively interest in Republican politics and local affairs of a public nature. For six years he was himself a member of the school board, and has been far more active in the political advancement of his friends than of himself.   Mr. Albert is a native of Harrisville township, born May 25, 186o, and is the oldest son born to John M. and Saphronia (Loomis) Albert. Both his father and his grandfather (Christian Albert) have been sturdy pioneers in the agricultural progress of the township and the county, and their records will be found in other pages. His grandmother (nee Aizina Munson) is still living, nearly ninety years of age, and one of the best known and most remarkable of the pioneers of the Western Reserve. Harvey E. received his education in district school and in a Lodi select school, afterward working on the parental farm until he was twenty years of age. After his marriage in 1881 he purchased i r6 acres of the old homestead, and in Igo' bought the John Horner farm of twenty-four acres near Lodi. Mr. Albert remained on the former place for sixteen years, then moving to Lodi and engaging in the sale of agricultural machinery for the Huber Manufacturing Company. After being six years in its employ he located at Bellaire, where he represented the Ohio Harvester Company for nine years, his agency covering Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan. Since leaving this business field, in which he was remarkably successful, he has closely devoted himself to the development of the fine property on which he now resides. Mr. Albert's wife, before her marriage, was Miss Minerva Horner, daughter of John Horner, an old and respected citizen of Westfield township, and the children of their marriage have been Mina A., Iva A., Harless V., John H., Nellie M., Herman D., Charles (deceased) and Luella A. Mina is the wife of Charles Miller, and Iva is the wife of Claud Noah and they have one son, Harry G. Harless V. married Josephine Jardine, and they have two children, William and Marcella. Mr. and Mrs. Albert belong to the Methodist church and the Benhur Lodge.   LEWIS LOEHR. A man who has been active and influential in promoting the best interests of Guilford township, Lewis Loehr, now living retired at Chippewa Lake, is numbered among the citizens of good repute and high standing in Medina county, where the larger part of his life has been spent. He was for many years engaged in agricultural pursuits, and is now associated with several of the leading business organizations of this part of the county. A son of Jacob Loehr, he was born, July Do, 1847, in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, of German ancestry.   In 1851 Jacob Loehr came with his family to the Western Reserve, locating near River Styx in Guilford township, where he at first   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1617   purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land, subsequently buying one hundred acres more. A part of his purchase was still in its virgin wildness. Clearing the entire tract, he engaged in general farming and stock raising, always herding a good flock of sheep and remaining on his homestead busily employed until his death. He married Catherine Beck, also a native of Northampton county, Pennsylvania, and they became the parents of six children, namely : Lewis, the special subject of this sketch ; Jeremiah ; William, deceased ; Frank, residing in Summit county ; Benjamin, of Guilford township ; and Jacob, also of Guilford township.   Obtaining his early education in the district schools, which he attended winters only, Lewis Loehr remained at home until attaining his majority, when he started in life on his own account, for four years living in Westfield township, near Leroy. Having accumulated some money Mr. Loehr then bought one hundred and seventeen acres of land in Guilford township, near the village, and began farming for himself. Success smiled on his ventures, and he made frequent investments in other lands, becoming owner of four good farms lying not very far apart. He carried on mixed farming, making a specialty of raising wheat and stock, keeping sheep of a high grade for the producing of both wool and mutton. He continued to reside on his farm until 1906, when he relegated the management of his estates to his sons and sons-in-law, and removed to his present residence at Chippewa Lake.   Mr. Loehr has been twice married : He married first Maggie Overholt, a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Markley) Overholt, of Guilford township. She died in 1907. In 1908 Mr. Loehr married for his second wife Mrs. Amelia Loehr, widow of William Loehr. Mr. Loehr's first wife bore him five children, namely : Anna, wife of Samuel Friedt, of Guilford township ; Fietta, wife of Charles Reinhardt, also of Guilford township ; Ella, wife of A. L. Miller, of the same township ; Emory, deceased, and Charley, a farmer. A zealous advocate of the principles of the Republican party, Mr. Loehr has served as a member of the local school board a number of terms ; was a trustee of Guilford township nine terms ; and for six years was infirmary director. He is a man of undoubted business qualifications, and, with William H. Haver, was instrumental in organizing the Lightning Rod Mutual Fire Protective Association of Seville, Ohio, and has since been one of its directors. This is one of the solid institutions of the state, and was capitalized at two million dollars. Mr. Loehr is also a director and a large stockholder in the J. W. Gorrell Coal Company at Bellaire, Ohio, the company owning five thousand acres of coal land, with a six foot vein of Pittsburg coal, No. 8, its capacity of output being two thousand, five hundred tons of coal a day. Mr. and Mrs. Loehr are consistent members of the Acme Lutheran church of Guilford township, of which he has been a trustee for years.   REV. JOHN KLUTE is one of the prominent and earnest Christian workers in Youngstown, pastor for twenty-six years of St. Joseph's Catholic church. He was born in Westphalia, Germany, October 17, 1847, and he is a son of Henry and Gertrude Klute, and the only son in their family of seven children to reside in America. He completed his collegiate course at Cologne before coming to America, and reaching Cleveland, Ohio, in June, 1870, he entered St. Mary's Seminary and for four years pursued the studies which fitted him for the priesthood, being ordained on the 8th of August, 1874, by Bishop R. Gilmore. During the following six years his duties were confined to various missions in Paulding, Defiance, Ottawa and Sandusky counties, and in May, 1880, he was placed in charge of the churches at Hubbard and Vienna, in Trumbull county, and remained in parochial work there until transferred to Youngstown, in August, 1883.   Since the Rev. Father Klute took charge of St. Joseph's parish on the 11th of August, 1883, many remarkable changes have been inaugurated, the beautiful church on the corner of Wick and Rayen avenues having been built, a fine school edifice has been constructed, and in material as well as in spiritual matters St. Joseph's has kept pace with churches of the same size in other cities, and has proved a credit to its pastor, to its people and to its town. In June, 1900, Father Klute bought Dr. Mathew's residence and converted it into a parsonage, the former one on Wick avenue being given to the Sisters of Notre Dame, who, in September of 1903, took charge of St. Joseph's parochial school. This school at the present time numbers 320 pupils, and the parish is composed of 240 families. A man of ripe scholarship and marked ability, one whose life has long been consecrated to the cause of the Master and the uplifting of man, there is particular propriety in here directing attention                 1618 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   to the life history of the pastor for so many years of St. Joseph's Catholic church at Youngstown, the Rev. John Klute. He is recognized by all denominations as a broad man who respects every honest Christian, no matter to what church they pay homage. He is a favorite among the best classes of all people in his town, who always stand ready to lend him a helping hand in all of his Christian work.   GEORGE HILL. On Christmas day, 1909, the Christian fortitude of George Hill, the veteran and honored citizen of Lenox township, was taxed to the utmost by the death of his beloved wife, who had shared the hardships and pleasures of their wedded life in Ashtabula county for a period of more than forty-five years ; in fact, their wedding anniversary had occurred but a week before they parted forever in this life; A faithful and affectionate son and daughter—the latter married—were left to the sorrowing husband ; but, with necessary ties and interests of their own, their care and solicitude could never replace the ministrations of the departed, and a short time after her death, to the deep regret of numerous friends, Mr. Hill sold his fine stock farm, disposed of his business affairs, and moved to California.   His long residence in Lenox township won for Mr. Hill admiration for his abilities and deep respect for his honorable dealings and stanch character. A native son of England, he was born on the 15th of June, 1836. Thomas Hill, the father, was proprietor of the noted hotel, the "Angel Inn" at Brigstock, Northamptonshire, but in 1847 made his venture into the United States, landing in New York on November 15th of that year, and locating first at Austinburg, Ashtabula county. A year later he went to Rock Creek, Morgan township, and thence, after three years' residence, moved to Geneva, where he settled on his five hundred-acre farm. He not only engaged in general agricultural operations but conducted quite a large industry in the manufacture of cheese, which he shipped to England.   Before leaving his native land Thomas Hill had wedded Mary Ann Beasley, who bore him the following : William, born September 18, 1835, who is married and resides at Geneva ; George, born June 15, 1836, whose biography follows ; Walter, born May 5, 1838, who died as a resident of Geneva in 1894 ; Frank, who was born in 1840, married Sarah Greensley and is farming near Geneva ; Rowland, born in 1842, who married a Miss York and is now a retired citizen of Ashtabula town ; Thomas, who was born in 1845 and died in February, 1905, his family residing on the old homestead at Geneva ; and Emma, who was born in 1847, married Isaiah Flint and is also living at Geneva.   George Hill commenced his education in a private school at Corby, England, which he attended for three years, when he came with his parents to the United States, continuing his studies at Austinburg and assisting his father on the home farm until his marriage in his twenty-ninth year. Both he and his wife worked faithfully together in the care and improvement of their family and homestead, and when Mr. Hill moved to California he was the owner of a fine country estate of two hundred and fifty acres. Besides general farming, he had conducted extensive dairy operations, and for twenty years had been a leading dealer in grain, feed and fertilizers. During the past fifteen years he also became widely known as a livestock breeder; his Jersey cattle, Leicestershire sheep and fine horses all having taken premiums at the various fairs where they have been entered. In fact, there is scarcely any line of agriculture or its related industries and business in which he has not made a marked success, retaining at the same time the unqualified respect of his associates and neighbors.   On the 18th of December, 1864, Mr. Hill married Miss Drusilla V. Massingham, who was born in Trumbull township, Ohio, on the 3rd of March, 1845, and her death removed from earthly labors a true wife, mother and Christian woman. Both she and her husband were active members of the local grange and in this field, as in all others, were helpmates in the best sense of the word. Mr. Hill himself was formerly a member of the Congregational church, serving for six years as leader of the choir at Geneva. His daughter, Allie DeMaud Hill, is the wife of Tice Webber, who is represented in other pages of this work. Elwin Kendall Hill, the son, was born August 5, 1869, and is a resident of Cleveland, where he is well known as a manufacturer and president of the Electric Respirone Company. He is a graduate of the Valparaiso Law College ; traveled four years as a lecturer, and taught elocution and oratory for four years at Mount Union College. He has, however, shown more decided talents as an inventor and broad-gauged business man. His first patent was   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1619   issued when he was only sixteen years old, he being then the youngest patentee in the United States. He is especially prominent in the line of electrical manufactures.   ROY H. WILLIAMS, ex-prosecuting attorney of Erie county, is recognized as one of the most progressive representatives of the younger generation of lawyers in Sandusky. He is a native of Milan, Ohio, born September 1, 1874, to Charles Ronald and Helen Hortense (Hughes) Williams. His mother's family represents a widely known pioneer element in West Huron, Ohio, and his father was a well known educator of Northern. Ohio, having served for several years as superintendent of the Western Reserve Normal school at Milan.   The Williams family was founded in this country by William Williams, who located at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1629, coming from the mother country of England. As he died soon after landing, his son, Abraham Williams, is considered the real progenitor of the family in America. Abraham Williams became one of the proprietors of Watertown, Massachusetts, and it was from the old Bay state that the family came to the Western Reserve. Larkin Williams, the great-grandfather of Roy H., was born October 8, 1765; married Miss Lydia Messinger, of Becket, Massachusetts, and in October 1817, moved with his family to Avon, Lorain County, Ohio. He was the first township clerk there, and died June 13, 1840. Henry Williams, the great-uncle of Roy H., became superintendent of the Western Reserve Normal school at Milan. His nephew, David (the paternal grandfather) was a resident of Oberlin, where he died December 5, 186o. It is somewhat remarkable that Mr. Williams' father finally became superintendent of the normal school mentioned, his death occurring at Milan, September 8, 1879. The mother is still living at that place.   Mr. Williams of this sketch obtained his earlier education at the Milan High school and in the business department of the normal institute. He then became a student at Oberlin College, in which he remained until the sophomore year, when he entered the University of Michigan, completing therein special literary courses as well as his regular law course. He graduated. from the latter in 1897, and removed at once to Sandusky, there engaging in private practice. In January, 1901, he was elected prosecuting attorney of Erie county, and served in that capacity for four years. He was then connected for about a year with the firm of Williams and Ramsey and later with the firm of King, Williams and Ramsey, but in the fall of 1908 he formed his present partnership under the firm name of Williams and Steinemann. Mr. Williams is a member of Perseverance Lodge, F. and A. M. of Sandusky. On December 7, 1898, he married Miss Verna Lockwood, of Milan, his wife being a daughter of Ralph M. Lockwood, one of the descendants of a pioneer of that locality who came from Norwalk, Connecticut.   LEE ELLIOTT.-A cultured and highly talented man, well versed in the intricacies of the law, Lee Elliott, a prominent attorney of Seville, is widely known as one of the most able and successful jurists of this part of Medina county. A native of Ohio, he was born, in February, 1851, in Wayne county, a son of Andrew Elliott. Thomas Elliott, grandfather of Lee Elliott, was born in Ireland, and as a young man emigrated to this country. Locating in Jefferson county, Ohio, he became one of its most prosperous farmers and influential citizens. He was elected to the first General Assembly of Ohio, and became an important factor in the administration of public affairs, serving sixteen terms in the state legislature. He died in Jefferson county, beloved and respected by all who knew him. Andrew Elliott was born in 1808 in Jefferson county, and after attaining his majority settled in Milton township, Wayne county, where he was prosperously employed in mixed farming until his death, in 1859. He married Julia Shane, a daughter of Henry Shane, a pioneer of Jefferson county. She died in 1893. Five sons and two daughters blessed their union, and of these two are now living, Alice, wife of James H. Shane, a successful merchant of East Orange, N. J. and Lee, the special subject of this brief sketch.   Lee Elliott obtained the rudiments of his education in the district schools of Wayne county, after which he completed the course of study at Canaan Academy, and then entered the Western Reserve College at Hudson where he remained two years. Returning to Seville, Mr. Elliott read law with Hon. J. C. Johnson, a prominent attorney, and in 1872, at Columbus, was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court. He has since been successfully engaged in the practice of his profession at   1620 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   Seville, and is well known as a wise and able lawyer and a safe counsellor, having a large and lucrative clientele.   Mr. Elliott married, in 1876, Mary Stanley, of Trumbull county, Ohio, a daughter of Nathaniel and Ann Stanley. Politically Mr. Elliott is independent, voting according to the dictates of his conscience, regardless of party affiliations. He is prominently connected with the Ohio Farmers' Insurance Company, having since 1893 been a member of its board of directors and its attorney. Fraternally he is a member of Seville Lodge, No. 74, F. & A. M. ; of Medina Chapter, R. A. M. ; of Wooster Commandery, K. T., and of Wooster Consistory. Mr. Elliott is also identified with one of the important industries of this vicinity, being one of the principal stockholders of the tile factory in Lafayette township.   ABRAM HENRY STANLEY. - Throughout northern and western Ohio the name of Stanley is synonymous with thrift, enterprise and prosperity, and has long been prominently known in the Western Reserve. Abram Henry Stanley, with whom this sketch is chiefly concerned, has been associated in a business :way with the leading citizens of many states, and as a man of honor and integrity is universally respected. Having by wise management and judicious investments accumulated much wealth, he is now living retired from active pursuits, spending his winters in Toledo and his summers at Chippewa Lake, Medina county, where, on the east bank of the lake, he has a charming cottage, made attractive by the large number of beautiful sugar maples and magnificent elms, while near by is a spring of pure water, possessing rare medical properties. The representatives of a pioneer family of the Western Reserve, Mr. Stanley was born, January 7, 1831, in Northfield township, Summit county, a son of Daniel S. Stanley.   Born in New York state in 1800, Daniel S. Stanley came to the Reserve about 1818, and here spent the remainder of his life, dying in 1880. After his marriage he bought a tract of heavily timbered land in Northfield township, erected the typical log cabin of the pioneer, and in the course of years, by means of persistent toil, transformed the part of the forest belonging to him into a fine farming estate. He was a man of versatile talents, skilful as a mechanic, and in addition to tilling the soil worked as a carpenter and contractor, and was for a time interested in the clothing business. He married Harriet Cranmer, who was born in New York and came with her parents to Summit county, Ohio, in childhood. She was born in 1802, and died in 1880. Twelve children were born to them, namely : German Stanley, deceased ; Mary, deceased ; Jeremiah, deceased ; Daniel, deceased ; Abram Henry, the subject of this brief biographical sketch ; Esther, deceased ; Morris W. ; Sarah J. ; Lucian B. ; Ernest J. ; Wilbur F., and Adelbert, deceased.   In common with his brothers and sisters, Abram Henry Stanley was brought up on the home farm and educated in the rural schools of his day. He subsequently assisted his father both on the farm and in the clothing store, remaining with his parents until 1852. Going in that year to Cleveland, he entered the employ of the Delamater Brothers, builders and contractors, principally of public works, a firm with which he was connected for a long period of time, during the last eighteen years of the time being a member of the firm. While thus employed Mr. Stanley in his work of installing water-works, laying out sewers and making excavations of different kinds was called to various large cities and towns, not only in Ohio, but throughout Indiana, Michigan, New York and Pennsylvania, and met with men of distinction in both business and social circles. Disposing of his interests in the company in 1903, Mr. Stanley has since lived retired from active pursuits, having been successful in acquiring a competency. He has property of value both in Cleveland and Toledo, receiving from his investments a substantial annual income.   Mr. Stanley married, in 1854, Loretta H. Waters, who was born in Northfield township, Summit county, and is an own cousin of Chief Justice Waite of Ohio. Mrs. Stanley died in 1907, leaving one daughter, Mable Grace, wife of George A. Craig, of Toledo. Politically Mr. Stanley is a Republican, but has never been an aspirant for public office. Fraternally he has been a Mason for over forty years, and is a member of Evergreen Lodge, No. 222, F. & A. M., of Conneaut, Ohio.   DR. W. H. BUECHNER, an able practitioner of Youngstown, and surgeon to the City Hospital and the Erie Railroad Company, is creditably maintaining the family name and traditions as to professional activity and standing. He is a son of the late Dr. William L. Buechner, for half a century one of the best known   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1621   physicians and surgeons of the city, and a citizen of the highest character and achievements. The direct ancestors for several generations have been physicians, as also were four of the younger doctor's great-uncles, one of whom perished with Napoleon's soldiers while heroically .performing his duties as a surgeon in the disastrous retreat from Moscow. Dr. William L. Buechner was a native of the grand duchy of Hesse, Germany, born on the 3d of December, 183o, and in 1853 graduated from the University of Giessen. In the fall of that year he immigrated to the United States and located for practice at Pittsburg, but in the spring of the succeeding year moved to Youngstown, where he continued to reside until his death, in September, 1904. The deceased was an active member of the State and County Medical societies ; was local surgeon for the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad, and 'a member of the profession whose high attainments in his calling were made doubly effective by his fine character as a man and a citizen. As councilman, member of the board of education and board of health, and as health officer of the city, he was deeply respected and much admired for the faithfulness and ability of his service to the municipality. He was also a Mason of high standing. In March, 1858, Dr. William L. Buechner wedded Miss Elvira Heiner, a native of Pennsylvania, whose father, John Heiner, was the first mayor of Youngstown.   W. H. Buechner, one of the children of this union, was born at Youngstown in May, 1864 ; spent his boyhood in attendance at the city schools and completed his literary education at the Rayen high school. After reading medicine with his father he matriculated in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, from which he graduated in 1885. A post-graduate course at the University of Pennsylvania followed, and he then spent four years in celebrated European clinics, three years of that period being occupied as an assistant to Professor Von Volkmann, surgeon of the great University Hospital at Halle, Germany.   In 1890 Dr. Buechner returned to Youngstown, where he has since devoted himself to professional work as a surgeon. His high standing has long since been assured, and he has become especially well known for his surgical connection with the Youngstown City Hospital, to whose progress as a leading municipal charity he has greatly contributed. The doctor is also an active and valued member of the Mahoning County, Ohio State and American Medical Associations, and his prominence in Masonry is indicated by his membership in the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery at Youngstown, and in the other bodies at Cincinnati. He is also affiliated with the Elks.   WILLIAM CRAWFORD.-A progressive agriculturist located on a fine farm a short distance. north of Seville, Guilford township, Medina county, William Crawford is the grandson of one of the earliest settlers in that part of the Reserve. William Crawford, his father, was a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, born May 5, i8o6, and when thirteen years of age was brought by his parents, James and Sally (Black) Crawford, to the new family home in the forests of the Western Reserve now embraced by a fertile tract of agricultural land in Guilford township. A small clearing was made for the little log house which was soon in place, and wife and children were sheltered in it for many years. Besides the parents, there were Josiah, James C., Margaret (now the wife of Landon Murray) and William. In mature manhood the youngest son married Miss Rebekah Smith, who was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, April 3o, 1811. After their union (May 7, 1840) they settled on a farm of one hundred and twenty-five acres about one mile and a half north of Seville, which Mr. Crawford actively cultivated and stocked with cattle and sheep until his death August 28, 1876. His wife passed away May 7, 1889, mother of the following : Susan, deceased, who married John Null ; Jane, who became Mrs. Columbus Chapman ; Sarah, who died as the wife of Milo Barnhart ; Hannah, who is Mrs. Anthony Fretz, of Wooster, Ohio ; Isabel Crawford, unmarried ; James and Jesse, who are both deceased ; William, of this biography ; Addie, who married Samuel Dundas, of Montville township, this county ; and Eliza, who died in infancy.   During the winters of his boyhood and youth William Crawford, Jr. attended the district school in Guilford township, but from his seventeenth year until his majority gave his entire time to his father as assistant on the farm. At the death of the senior Mr. Crawford the son took charge of the home place and still conducts it. It comprises sixty-two acres of choice land, with good live-stock and substantial buildings, and is one of the desirable places in the township. Mr. Crawford is un-   1622 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   married, his sister making her home with him and presiding over the household ; both are members of 6the First Presbyterian church at Seville, and are representatives of a pioneer family of recognized prominence.   HON. CHARLES P. WICKHAM.—The salient traits of Judge Wickham's personality, whether he is considered as a citizen, soldier or professional man, are conservatism united with unusual energies and broad progressive tendencies, founded upon well considered actions. There are few families in Huron county, especially in Norwalk, which are more widely or more favorably known than the one which he so well represents. He is the son of Frederick W. and Lucy (Bancroft) Wickham, being the eldest in a family of thirteen. His ancestors are of old Puritan stock, paternally descended from Governor Winthrop, of Massachusetts. His grandfather, William Wickham, was a native of Rhode Island, and settled at an early date on the shores of Lake Ontario, at Sodus Point, New York. Of his four sons, Samuel sailed the great lakes as captain and owner for many years. Another son became the proprietor of one of the largest fish-packing establishments of Lake Erie, located at Huron in Erie county, and at his death was considered one of the prominent marine men of that region. Frederick, the third son, had also inherited a preference for a residence near the shores of the lakes, and in his young manhood located a few miles inland at Norwalk, where he later in life became one of the proprietors of the Reflector. This newspaper had been established in 1830 as the Huron Reflector by Samuel Preston ; and his daughter, Lucy, became the wife of Frederick. They established themselves in the center of the town of Norwalk in an old fashioned house built by Mr. Preston. There thirteen children were born, twelve of whom were reared to maturity. In the upper floor of this building was also installed the printing office of the Reflector. A trade was thus provided for these growing sons and daughters in their very household, and most of the children who reached manhood and womanhood were followers of that craft.   Charles Preston Wickham inherited from both his parents their love for books and learning. He received his education in the public schools and the old academy at Norwalk. In April, 1858 he completed his course at the Cincinnati Law School, having definitely decided that he would not. follow in the footsteps of his grandfather Preston and his father, and cultivate the field of newspaperdom. In the month and year mentioned he was admitted to practice in the district court of Hamilton county, and located at once in Norwalk. In August, 186o, he was united in marriage with Miss Emma J. Wildman, daughter of Frederick A. and Mariett (Patch) Wildman, both natives of Danbury, Connecticut, who had removed successively to Clarksfield and Norwalk. A month and a year of married life passed before the young lawyer enlisted for service in the Civil war. In September, 1861, he joined the Fifty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, bade farwell to his young wife and infant of a few months, the latter of whom he was never to see again. Judge Wickham concluded his military service July 19, 1865, having passed through the grades of private, first lieutenant, captain, major and lieutenant colonel. During this period he had obtained a high reputation for bravery, discretion and disciplinary talents. While serving as major he was appointed by the President lieutenant colonel of volunteers by brevet, his promotion being "for gallant and meritorious service in Georgia and the Carolinas." The engagements in which he partook embrace second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Missionary Ridge, the operations from Chattanooga to Atlanta, including the battles of Resaca and Peach Tree Creek, and the siege of Atlanta, the march to the sea under Sherman, the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville, and many minor engagements and skirmishes.   Upon his discharge from the service in July, 1865, Judge Wickham returned to Norwalk, resuming the practice of his profession. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Huron county in 1866 and 1868 ; engaged in active and prominent practice for a number of years after the conclusion of his second term, and in 1874, for purposes of rest and recuperation, engaged in extended travel in California, Oregon, Mexico and Central America. In 188o he ascended the bench of the court of Common Pleas for the first subdivision of the Fourth Judicial District ; in October, 1886, resigned this judgeship to accept the congressional nomination for the Fourteenth Ohio District, and served his constituents in the fiftieth and fifty-first congresses with ability from 1887 to 1891.   Judge Wickham was one of the incorporators of the A. B. Chase Organ Company, now the A. B. Chase [Piano] Company, and its   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1623   vice president from its organization in 1876 to July, 1909, when, upon the death of its president, Calvin Whitney, he was elected president of the company and re-elected in January, 191o, which position he still holds.   In 1902 Judge Wickham was nominated by the Republicans for judge of the Circuit Court of the Sixth Judicial Circuit of Ohio, comprising the counties of Huron, Erie, Sandusky, Ottawa, Lucas, Wood, Fulton and Williams. His opponent, Hon. Charles H. Scribner, of Toledo, one of the ablest jurists of the state and justly a very popular man, was running for re-election. At the election that year the state barely escaped giving a majority for Grover Cleveland for president. Judge Wickham was defeated by Judge Scribner by the narrow plurality of three hundred.   Judge Wickham has also become highly known and honored for his consistent and practical interest in the furtherance of religion in his community, especially for his promotion of the interests of the First Presbyterian church of Norwalk. He joined this body in 1861, and has been elder since 1866, and not many have done more for it or been more constant in their faithfulness than Judge Wickham. In his private life he shows the thoughtful and gracious spirit which he professes in his religious faith. One of his strongest traits is perhaps his deep and practical interest in the young, both of his church and his community. As a speaker, in court and in religious assemblies, and upon all public occasions, he is dignified, courteous and logical. His domestic life is ideal, and his household has been blessed by the respect and affection of four sons and two daughters, Charles Preston, Jr., Louis Wildman, Winthrop Hoyt, Romeyn Dudley, Grace Winthrop and Mary Gertrude, survivors of nine children.   After leaving congress in 1891, he resumed the practice of his profession, which he has pursued with energy and ability ever since ; his practice extending into many other counties than his own in northern Ohio and embracing practice in both state and federal courts.   THEODORE E. HAWLEY was born at Jefferson in Ashtabula county, Ohio, October 4, 1848, and the greater part of his mature life has been devoted to the legal profession, he having made the department of collecting a special line of his work, and his collections have been made throughout the United States.   Vol. III-23   On the paternal side Mr. Hawley traces his ancestry through a long line to Captain Joseph Hawley, who was born at Stratford, England, in 1603, and who came to America in 1630 and died on the l0th of May, 1690. His wife was Katherine Birdsey, born in 1646, and she died on June 25, 1692. Among their children was Captain Joseph Hawley, Jr., born at Farmington, Connecticut, January 6, 1675, and he died on the 20th of November, 1752. His wife, nee Elizabeth Wilcoxson, born June 7, 1697, died September 10, 1762. Timothy Hawley, born at Grady, Connecticut, November 25, 1704, died September 17, 1785. His wife, Rachel Forward, born January 5, 1736, died June 29, 1810. The Rev. Rufus Hawley, born in Avon, Connecticut, February 21, 1740, died at Jefferson, Ohio, January 6, 1826. He married Deborah Kent, who died April 8, 1789. Timothy R. Hawley, born in Avon, Connecticut, June 29, 1771, died July 28, 1828, while his wife, nee Deborah Ingham, born October 3, 177o, died July 7, 1851. Almon Hawley was the next in line of descent and he became the father of Theodore E. Almon Hawley was born at Farmington, Connecticut, August 1, 18o1, and he died on the 3d of November, 1876. He received a splendid educational training, graduating in the Medical Department from the classic walls of Yale, and he became a successful and well known physician. He was a charter member of the Episcopal church, and was in politics a Republican. Dr. Almon Hawley married Sophronia Marsh, who was born at Manlius, New York, September 25, 1814, and she died at Jefferson, Ohio, January 1, 1878.   Theodore E. Hawley enjoyed in his early life the advantages of a good educational training, attending the high school at Jefferson, the Grand River Institute at Austinburg, Ohio, and a college in Oberlin, this state. His time since leaving the school room has been fully occupied with his legal work, and he has become well known and influential in his special line of collecting. He has during twenty-one years been an active worker in the Ashtabula County Agricultural Society, having filled in that time nearly every office of the organization, and he has also been for many years a cemetery trustee and has performed a noble work in beautifying the final resting places of those who lie buried in Ashtabula county.   Mr. Hawley married at Jefferson on December 21, 1876, Ida M. Bushnell, who also attended the Jefferson high school and the Grand   1624 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   River Institute at Austinburg. J. C. A. Bushnell, her father, was for eighteen years auditor of Ashtabula county and the president and cashier of the First National Bank of Jefferson up to the time of his death, October 3, 1894. He married Laura Gage. Three children have graced the marriage union. of Mr. and Mrs. Hawley : Earl Hawley, who was born at Jefferson July 28, 1879, is an expert electrician and is at present residing in the west ; Ruth A., born at Jefferson January 16, 1883, is the wife of E. W. Moore, a well known horseman ; and Anna B. Hawley, born at Jefferson April 25, 1888, is a graduate of the Jefferson high school and of the Spencerian Business College at Cleveland, and is at home with her parents.   THE WILLOUGHBY PUBLIC LIBRARY.—The village of Willoughby, Lake county, has every reason to take pride in its admirably equipped and well conducted public library, and there is consistency in offering in this publication a brief review of the history of its upbuilding from the nucleus of other libraries founded at various periods. In 1827 was established in Willoughby the Chagrin Franklin Library and forty years later a library was established in connection with the public schools. In 1871 the Circulating Library Society of Willoughby was organized, .with thirty-two charter members. For the first two years only members of the society were allowed to draw books, but after that time non-members were granted the privilege upon the payment of five cents a volume. This organization was continued until the Willoughby Township and Village Library and Historical Association came into existence in 1906. Of the previously mentioned society Mrs. E. C. Stevens was an efficient officer from 1872 until the organization was disbanded. In July, 1905, a meeting was called to consider the business of establishing a free public library. Only seven persons were present, but a letter to Andrew Carnegie was drafted, the same being signed by the president of the board of township trustees and by other village and township officials. Late in the autumn of the same year a reply was received from Mr. Carnegie, who requested additional information. An amendment to the laws of the state was secured, permitting a joint maintenance of the library by the village and township, and articles of incorporation were duly taken out. A board of fifteen trustees was elected and the personnel of the executive corps is here indicated : Judge Clinton D. Clark, president ; Louis W. Penfield, vice president ; Mrs. Ethel G. Viall, secretary ; Honorable Sherwood D. Shankland, treasurer. The Circulating Library Society announced that it would give its collection of books, about 1,4o0 in number, as a nucleus of the new library. Mr. Carnegie offered to give $12,500 for a building, upon the usual conditions stipulated by him in connection with gifts of this order and by him the sum was later increased to $14,500. A room was rented in the Cleveland Trust Company building and Mrs. Julia G. Babcock was engaged to organize the library. A "book day" was held and on this occasion many valuable contributions of books were made. Later substantial gifts of money for the purchase of books were received from Messrs. Henry A. Everett, Julius E. French, F. E. Drury, Henry A. Sherwin, E. S. Burke, Jr., Mesdames S. V. Harkness and W. R. Wall, as well as from the Willoughby high school class of 1907. The library was opened to the public on April 6, 1907. Funds for the site of the new library building were secured by Mr. Albert H. Van Gorder, in the amount of $5,7oo and the donors were Mrs. Florence Page, Messrs. Julius E. French, Edward J. Dickey, Willis C. Collister, Price McKinney, James Corrigan, Calvary Morris, F. E. Drury, W. H. Silverthron, Henry A. Sherwin, E. S. Burke, Jr., John Sherwin, A. W. Brown, Albert H. Van Gorder, F. M. Osborn, Dr. G. C. E. Weber, Ernest Boley, H. T. Chandler. In June, 1908, was appointed a building committee, consisting of Mrs. Allen K. Carrel, Mrs. Florence Page, Honorable Sherwood D. Shankland and Judge Clinton D. Clark, who is president of the library. Mr. William H. Sabin, of Cleveland, was selected as architect, and contracts were let for the new building. The beautiful library building was dedicated on August 3, 1909. The structure is of brick, forty by sixty feet in dimensions, and contains a reference room, a children's room and a general delivery room, all of which are furnished with wall cases, and the basement has a well arranged auditorium with outside entrance and a large store room.   CHAUNCEY H. ANDREWS.—For upwards of half a century the late Chauncey Humason Andrews, of Youngstown, was a prominent figure in the industrial circles of Mahoning county, and as a promoter of mines, mills, railways, financial institutions and beneficial enterprises   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1625   of all kinds, was widely known throughout the Western Reserve. Gifted with a mind able to grasp the minutest details of business projects, his well directed energy and mental force placed him in a prominent position among the kings of industry and finance. Coming from honored pioneer ancestry, he was born De,cember 2, 1823, in Vienna, Trumbull county, Ohio, a son of Norman Andrews.   A native of New England, Norman Andrews was born in 1799, in Hartford, Connecticut, -where he was brought up and educated. In 1818, ere attaining his majority, he migrated -to the frontier, coming to Trumbull county, Ohio, where he was subsequently engaged for :several years in agricultural or mercantile pursuits. Later in life he moved with his family to Youngstown, and here, in 1842, he opened the Mansion House, which he conducted successfully until his retirement from the activities of life, in 1850. He was twice married, and by his first wife, whose maiden name was Julia Humason, had three sons and two daughters, one son, Chauncey H., being the special subject of this brief biographical sketch.   The old brick building in Youngstown in which Chauncey H. Andrews completed his early education stood upon the site now occupied by the Saint John's Protestant Episcopal .church. Leaving school when eighteen years of age, he assisted his father in the management of the Mansion House, which was the leading hotel of the place, continuing thus occupied until 1850, when, two years after the death of his first wife, the father retired from business. Forming a partnership then with one of his Youngstown friends, Mr. Andrews became junior member of the mercantile firm of Brennaman & Andrews, which existed for about three years, when, owing to sudden reverses, the partnership was dissolved. Resuming his former business, Mr. Andrews was manager of the Mansion House the succeeding four years, making an ideal "mine host." While thus employed, he made several wise investments of his money, risking nearly all of his possessions in the purchase of mining interests.   His ventures proving eminently successful, Mr. Andrews, in 1857, opened upon the Thorn -Hill coal bank, on the old Baldwin farm, and from that time his fortune was assured. With the keen foresight that characterized every movement, he subsequently engaged in enterprises of vaster magnitude, acquiring wealth .and distinction, his aggregate possessions, which included valuable mines, rolling mills. railways, financial institutions, real estate of all kinds, bonds and securities, amounting to millions of dollars. In the founding of his own personal fortune, Mr.. Andrews was ever mindful of the interests of the community in which he resided, and to his efforts is due much of Youngstown's present prosperity. He was one of the promoters and organizers, in 1876, on the Pittsburg and Lake Erie Railroad Company ; assisted in building the Montour Railroad ; in 1880, with W. C. Andrews and William McCreery, he obtained the charter for the Pittsburg, Youngstown and Chicago Railroad Company, of which he was afterwards the president ; was a charter member of the Hocking Valley Syndicate, and a stockholder and director in the Hocking Valley Railroad Company.   Aside from his connection with these beneficial enterprises, Mr. Andrews was one of the leaders in the organization of the Commercial National Bank of Youngstown, of which he was president at the time of his death ; was one of the stockholders of the Savings Bank, now merged into the Mahoning National Bank ; was for many years vice-president of the Second National Bank of Youngstown, holding the position at the time of his death. In 1879 he established the Imperial Coal Company, which has control of one of the largest and most valuable coal fields of western Pennsylvania, and was a member of the corporation which opened three extensive limestone quarries in Mahoning county, Ohio, and in Lawrence county, Pennsylvania.   After a long and busy life, the physical vigor of Mr. Andrews became impaired, but his brilliant mind was as keen as ever, and, even when his body was racked with pain, he was enabled to give directions, clear and explicit, for the carrying on of his many industries to his thousands of employes, all of whom gladly gave heed to his wise directions. The death of Mr. Andrews, which occurred at his home in Youngstown, only 25, 1893, was a distinct loss not only to his immediate family and personal friends, but to the entire industrial and business world. Persons of distinction, anxious to alleviate his sufferings as far as possible, gathered around his death-bed, remaining with him to the last. At his funeral a few days later men of eminence met to pay a last tribute of friendship and respect to the dead, among them being the late President McKinley, then governor of Ohio, who served   1626 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   as an honorary pall bearer ; Governor Russel A. Alger, late of Michigan ; the late John Newell, president then of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Company ; Judge Stephen Burke, of Cleveland, the noted railway lawyer ; General Orlando Smith, of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company ; W. J. Hitchcock ; J. W. McKinnie, of Cleveland ; General Thomas W. Sanderson ; L. E. Cochran ; the late Henry Tod ; J. G. Butler, Jr., and the late General J. L. Botsford ; all of these men had been intimately associated with Mr. Andrews in business, public or social affairs, and each held him in high regard.   Mr. Andrews married, in 1857, Louisa Baldwin, the descendant of a family long prominent in Mahoning, county, and of their union two children were born, namely : Edith H., of New York City, widow of John A. Logan, Jr. ; and Julia L., wife of L. C. Bruce, of New York City. Mrs. Andrews is still living, her home at 750 Wick avenue being one of the most beautiful residences of the city.   Politically Mr. Andrews was a stanch Republican, but having assiduously devoted his attention to his private affairs was never an office seeker, firmly declining official preferment of any kind. He found ample time, however, to devote to charitable and philanthropic movements, and it was his pleasure to assist not only the needy individual, but to give life and force to worthy enterprises in need of assistance, or to languishing industries. By well directed endeavor and a systematic application of his abilities, Mr. Andrews attained marked success in life, and has left a record of accomplishment that will ever mark him as one of Youngstown's most worthy and public-spirited citizens.   GILES OLIVER GRISWOLD, late president and founder of the Griswold Linseed Oil Company of Warren and Cleveland, was born at Meriden, Connecticut, December 1, 1810, and died at his home, No. 4o South street, Warren, Ohio, April 27, 1902, aged ninety-one years, five months and twenty-seven days. Mr. Griswold resided in Warren fifty-three years and in Ohio over sixty years, during which time he was actively engaged in manufacturing, chiefly in the production of linseed oil. He began his business career at Meriden, but removed to Ohio in 1837. He built oil mills at New Castle, Pennsylvania, Warren and Cleveland, and he was interested in other lines of business. Mr. Griswold sold his mills a few years before his death and retired from active affairs.   G. O. Griswold was born and raised at the home of his father, Jesse Griswold, on a small Connecticut farm on the Old Colony road. There was a large family, of which he was the eldest. His mother died when he was ten years old. At nineteen he was foreman of a comb factory at Meriden and for the three years preceding his majority he engaged in the manufacture of sheet iron ware and small tools. At twenty he married Eliza Ann Bailey, daughter of Simon and Prue (Deming) Bailey, of Lebanon, Connecticut. Mr. Griswold continued working at Meriden until the panic of 1837, when he decided to move west. Meanwhile his wife had died, leaving an infant daughter, Angeline Eliza Griswold, three years old. His second wife was Mary Maria Merriman, eldest daughter of Anson and Jerusha (Bacon) Merriman, of Southington, Connecticut. In the spring they started for the Western Reserve, Mr. Griswold, his wife and the child Angie, a brother, Edward Collins Griswold, and a sister, Fanny. They settled in the village of Aurora, Ohio, and began business there in 1838.   In 1841 they moved to New Castle, Pennsylvania, and put up the first linseed oil mill in the western country. In 1848 a mill was erected in Warren. On the death of Edward C. Griswold the mill at New Castle was sold, and the family moved to Warren. The new mill was completed and in working order by 1849. This mill continued operations without interruption for over fifty years. In 1869 a mill was erected in Cleveland at Merwin street and Columbus avenue, which was operated as the Cleveland Linseed Oil Works. Later the Cleveland mill was sold to the Cleveland Linseed Oil Company, but the Warren mill was represented in Cleveland for many years by branch offices. In 1884 the Warren business was incorporated under the laws of Ohio as the Griswold Linseed Oil Company. Mr. Griswold was the president, and remained in personal charge until the end.   When the linseed oil trust was formed Mr. Griswold refused to join, preferring to remain independent. In 1890 he found it necessary to increase the capacity of the old mill at Warren, and a larger brick mill was erected. This mill was but fairly started running when it was totally destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt at once, with larger capacity and improved machinery and continued in commission until     HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1627   1899, when the mills were sold. Soon after this Mr. Griswold retired from active business. Two children of his only daughter, who married December 4, 1862, Truman Dunham, of Cleveland, and five grandchildren survive, all residing in the Western Reserve.   TRUMAN DUNHAM, late a resident of Cleveland, was of Connecticut birth, being a descendant of Gideon Dunham, of Farmington. His father, Harvey Dunham, Jr., had a farm on the road between Southington and New Britain, and there Truman Dunham was born June 3o, 1831. He was married to Mary J. Ufford January 1, 1857, but she died without issue on February 22 of the following year. Mr. Dunham was in business in Charleston, South Carolina at the outbreak of the Civil war. He removed to the Western Reserve, where he was actively engaged in the linseed oil business for twenty-five years. He was married the second time, December 4, 1862, to Angeline Eliza Griswold, only child of G. 0. Griswold, at the home of her father at Warren, Ohio.   Mr. Dunham's first venture in Cleveland was in the wholesale drug business in Cleveland with G. O. Griswold and Horace Benton, under the firm name of Benton & Dunham. In 1864 the growth of the business required enlargement and a separation of the firm was arranged. The drug trade was taken by Horace Benton, under the name of Benton, Myers & Canfield, at present the Benton-Hall Company, one of the largest establishments in that line in America. Truman Dunham & Co., with Mr. Griswold as the company, took charge of the paints, oils and glass trade. The next year they admitted Henry A. Sherwin as a member of the firm. In a few years another division was made and Mr. Sherwin took as his share the paint and varnish lines, thus beginning the Sherwin-Williams Company, now known all over the world. A new firm, Griswold & Dunham, confined attention entirely to linseed oil in connection with the Warren plant. In 1869 they put up a mill in Cleveland, on Merwin street and Columbus avenue, which was operated as the Cleveland Linseed Oil Works, in charge of Mr. Dunham.   Mr. Dunham lived in Cleveland, at No. 44 Cheshire street, and there his two children were born-Ella Maria Dunham, born January 21, 1864; married at Warren, June 23, 1886, to Albion Morris Dyer ; and Tryon Griswold Dunham, born July 4, 1865, married at Warren, June 20, 1891, Clara Hunt. On July 12, 1867, Mrs. Dunham expired from the effects of an abscess on the brain, dying at their home on Seneca, near St. Clair street. On October 7, 1868, Mr. Dunham married Helen F. Sutliff, daughter of Calvin Sutliff, of Warren, Ohio. Of this marriage there were six children, Mary Dunham, born November 25, 1869, married November 9, 1893, Charles H. Prescott, Jr., at Cleveland ; Giles Cornwall Dunham, born February 28, 1871, died June 16, 1871; Katherine Stewart Dunham, born April 26, 1874 ; Truman Dunham, Jr., born April 15, 1877, died April 2, 1887 ; Belle Hannah Dunham, born May 2, 1879, married at Cleveland, December 14, 1904, Ray P. Perry ; Alice Dunham, born June 27, 1882, married July 1o, 1909, at London, England, David E. Green, of Cleveland. Twelve grandchildren of Truman Dunham survive.   Mr. Dunham was connected with a number of business enterprises in the Western Reserve, and he took an interest in public affairs. He was a member of the First Baptist church. In 188o Mr. Dunham moved his family to 1290 Euclid avenue. He was preparing to build a home there when he was killed by machinery in his mill at Cleveland March 3o, 1882.   FRANK HURD.-The late Francis, more commonly known as Frank Hurd, was long a notable figure in the commercial life of Portage county, and worthily upheld the title which he had won as the "Cheese King of the Western Reserve." Possessed of an immense fund of humor, buoyant of spirit, noted for his charity and helpfulness, easily approachable, proud of his home life, loyal to his town and its interests, a man whose influence was for the better things of life, such was the life which passed from Aurora on December 5, 1905. In the dairy history of Ohio, Frank Hurd stood out as its most unique figure, original in every respect, a central figure wherever found and whose like its residents may not again see in many years.   Aurora is in reality the oldest cheese producing town in the state, as cheese was taken in wagon loads through the forest to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, as early as 1811, and in 1819 dealers were actually shipping their cheese down the Ohio river and the lower ports. The third cheese factory in the state-a curd gathering, concern, was built here, and the second modern cheese factory in the state was erected here by John I. Eldridge, and the first milk   1628 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   buying factory in the state, if not the United States, was put in operation by the Hurd Brothers in 1865. At first the three great dealers here, Frank Hurd, W. J. Eldridge and Harmon & Sons, shipped the greater part, if not all their cheese, to commission houses and brokers, but later the two firms first mentioned sold all their products to the wholesale grocers on an order trade. When the factory system was introduced into Ohio in 1862 it was supposed the mutual plan was the only system possible, but Mr. Hurd began to study the question and devised another way, that when the milk was delivered the patron's responsibility ceased, so when in 1864 Mr. Hurd erected his first factory he announced that he would buy milk on the basis of ten pounds for a pound of unmade cheese and pay its price accordingly, the result of each month's sales being paid for within the following ten days, not when the cheese was sold as by the plan then used.   The first Monday of each month was set as bargain day, and a price was set for that month, but later on as the attendance fell off Mr. Hurd's price, set the first day of each month, became to be accepted without dispute, and from that time on, covering a period of forty years and more, "Hurd's prices" were accepted as fair and just. Mr. Hurd rapidly extended his factory holdings until he became the largest operator in the state, at one time handling the output of some twenty-five of his Own factories in various parts of the Western Reserve and bought extensively from others, and thus won his title of the "Cheese King of the Reserve."   Born in Aurora, on December 14, 1830, in the old homestead which still stands on the corner, now the property of the heirs of his elder brother Elisha, Frank Hurd was one of the seven children of Hopson and Betsy Hurd. Hopson Hurd (born January 5, 1793), the son of William Hurd, of Goshen, Connecticut, drove a wagonload of goods to the Western Reserve in 1815 and established a general store in Aurora. About 1818 he married Betsy Lacey, who was born August 20, 1800, in Hartford, Connecticut, the daughter of Jasper and Abigail (Buckley) Lacey. The children of this marriage were : Maria, born January 7, 1820 ; Elisha, born March 1o, 1822 ; Hopson, born March 11, 1824 ; Eliza, born December 5, 1826 ; ,Cornelia, born March 3, 1829 ; Francis, born December 14, 1830 ; and Caroline, born April 7, 1832. The son Frank was a self-educated man in the truest sense, for young in life, as the result of scarlet fever followed by measles, he had the misfortune of having his hearing impaired, thus preventing him from attending school, but he was blessed with much courage and energy, and during his short school life acquired a fair education. He remained on his father's farm and assisted him in various industries until twenty-two, years of age, when he and his brother Elisha formed a partnership as E. and F. Hurd. They dealt in ,cattle and shipped beef to England for three years, while the firm was then reorganized and the name changed to Hurd Brothers, they then opening a general store and also engaged in the wholesale cheese business. In 1868 the brother died, and Mr. Hurd then carried on the business alone until 1879, when he opened a commission store at 146 Water street, Cleveland, where he sold goods of his own production, together with large quantities consigned to him by others. As his business increased and larger quarters became necessary he moved to Huron street and here a wholesale grocery trade developed without any seeming effort, and later, as above stated, he became the largest cheese dealer in the state.   He married on November 9, 187o, in the Second Presbyterian church in Cleveland, Carrie E. White, who was born at Ridgeville, Lorain county, Ohio, May 23, 1846. Her father, David Cotton White, was born July 11, 1809, in Hatfield, Massachusetts, son of David and Elizabeth (Bancroft) White, the latter a member of the same family as the noted historian and a native of Westfield, Massachusetts. They had two children, David and Elizabeth D., and the daughter, born April 16, 1816, married Joseph McKee in 1836. David, the son, came to the Western Reserve in 1840 and located in North Ridgeville, and shortly afterward was ordained to preach in the Congregational church. He died at Elyria, Ohio, on March 30, 1880. On August 17, 1833, in Newton, New Jersey, he had married Caroline DeCamp, whose mother was a member of the Salmon family of New Jersey. Mrs. White died in Cleveland April 13, 1889. They had two children, the elder of whom, Henry Kirk White, was born in Newark, New Jersey, June 16, 1836, and died at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, February 27, 1891; and Carrie Elizabeth, wife of Frank Hurd. Three daughters were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hurd, namely : Josephine, born December r, 1871 ; Carrie Louise, April 1, 1873 ; and Elizabeth McKee, born October   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1629   21, 1876. Carrie Louise married in the Congregational church in Aurora, October 14, 1903, Henry Buckingham Mowbray ; Elizabeth married in the house in which she was born, January 10, 1901, Carl Boughton Ford. Mr. and Mrs. Ford have two children, Seabury Hurd, born in Burton, September 26, 1902, and Frances Elizabeth born in Cleveland, January 26, 1906, named in honor of her grandfather Francis.   Frank Hurd was greatly interested in the religious life of his community, and gave largely to its support. His deafness unfortunately debarred him from enjoying many pleasures and from accepting honors that he might otherwise have taken, but he had a happy disposition and thoroughly enjoyed the social life of his home and community. He lived a simple, unostentatious life, always public-spirited and charitable, and he quietly fell asleep on the afternoon of December 5, 1905.   BRIGGS FAMILY.-The first representative of the Briggs family in the Western Reserve was Otis Briggs, who came from Vermont to Cuyahoga county in 1820. He was a native of Guilford, Vermont, born April 6, 1798. a son of Thomas and Abiah (Tisdale) Briggs, from the same commonwealth. Thomas was a son of Peter and Prudence (Thomas) Briggs. Peter was born at Norton, Massachusetts, in 1749, the son of James and Damaris (White) Briggs. James was born at that place in 1719, the son of James ( r), son of Richard, son of Richard ( r), the latter an early settler at Taunton, Massachusetts. The Briggs family came from England to the United States in 1621, their boat following the "Mayflower."   Otis Briggs, born at Guilford, Vermont, April 6, 1798, married Rispa Terrill, who was born in Waterbury, Connecticut, October 13, r800, a daughter of Isaac S. and Amarilla (Doolittle) Terrill, also natives of that state. Isaac Terrill, the grandfather of Rispa Terrill, and also from Connecticut, was a Revolutionary war soldier. The Terrill family came from England in 1630. On coming to Cuyahoga county, Ohio, in 1820, Otis Briggs located in Olmstead township and was joined there by his father. In 1830 Otis came to Lorain county and settled on a farm in Ridgeville township, on the site of the present home of Frank W. Briggs. There he died in 1885, and there his wife had passed away in 1844. Their children were : William N., born April 15, 1827 ; Julia, born July 22, 1829, died October 13, 1850; and Sarah J., born June 12, 1835, married Edwin Pound and died June 22, 1867.   William Nelson Briggs was born in Olmstead township, Cuyahoga county, and came with the family to Ridgeville township in 1831. He was a graduate of the Cleveland Medical College with the class of 1854, and practiced medicine in Carlisle township and in the city of Elyria for about ten years. In 1864 he was elected the clerk of the common pleas court of Lorain county, and held that position until 1879, his term of office having been the longest in the history of the courts of Lorain county up to that time. After retiring from that position he continued to reside in Elyria until 1882, when he purchased the old homestead in Ridgeville and moved thereto, spending the remainder of his life there and dying on January 27, 1903. From the old-line Whigs he transferred his political allegiance to the Republican party. He gave considerable of his time and attention to music, and while in Elyria was a choir leader. He married Sophia Brooks, born in Carlisle township of Lorain county April 3, 1828, and she died on February 4, 1907. She was a daughter of Samuel Brooks, born at Haddam, Connecticut, in 1788, and he was a son of James Brooks, born at that place in November, 1758, who enlisted at Haddam, January 15, 1777, for three years' services in the Revolutionary war as a private in Captain John Mills' company, Second Connecticut Regiment, commanded by Colonel Charles Webb. He was transferred to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1778, to the Commander-in-Chief's Guards, took part in the battle of Monmouth, New Jersey, June 28, 1778, and was discharged at Morristown, New Jersey, June 17, 1780. He married Lydia King, born on Long Island, New York, December 2, 1763, and she died at Carlisle, Ohio, December 7, 1847. He died there on December 3o, 1832. James Brooks was the son of Samuel Brooks, born in Connecticut in 1730, and Samuel was a son of Abraham Brooks, born in Connecticut in 1701, son of Thomas, son of Thomas (1 ). The mother of Sophia (Brooks) Briggs was Sophia Johnson, born in 1791 in Berlin, Connecticut, and she died in Carlisle, Ohio, in 1864. She was a daughter of Samuel, born in 1740, son of Henry, son of of Phineas Johnson, born in 1768, the son Isaac, born in 1670, son of Isaac, born in 1644, son of Isaac. The last named was born in   1630 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   England, came to America with his father, John, in 1643, and was killed in the Narragansett war.   Both John and Isaac Johnson were charter members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts.   Samuel Brooks came to the Western Reserve in 1819, journeying from Connecticut in an ox wagon, and his was the first house built in that part of Carlisle township. The two children born to Dr. and Sophia Briggs are Frank W. and Mary J. The daughter, born in 1861, is a graduate of Oberlin College, and is now residing in Buffalo, New York.   Frank William Briggs was born at Carlisle in Lorain county March 7, 1857. He was educated in the Elyria schools and at Tabor College, Iowa. He graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan with the class of 1881, moved with the family to the old homestead in Ridgeville, and has since resided there, his principal occupation being farming. He has served as a justice of the peace for twelve years, as a member of the school board for twenty-three years and as its president during a part of the time, and has, served for about eight years as the secretary and treasurer of the North Ridgeville Telephone Company.   Mr. Briggs married Edith Darling, who was born in Elyria, a daughter of Solomon R. Darling, deceased, born at Chesterfield, Massachusetts, December 22, 1813. Solomon was a son of Thomas and Theoclosia (Russell) Darling, natives of Massachusetts, and he was the first' of the family to come to the Western Reserve. He married Elizabeth Cary, born in Massachusetts November 23, 1820, a daughter of Avery Cary, born February 17, 1789, and Abiah (Spooner) Cary, a descendent of Isaac Allerton of the "Mayflower." Avery was a son of Josiah and Mollie (Moulton) Cary. Josiah, born in 1754, was a son of Zebulon and Lydia (Phillips) Cary. Zebulon, born in 1721, was a son of Recompense and Mary (Crossman) Cary, a descendent of John Alden of the "Mayflower," and Recompense, born in 1688, was a son of Jonathan, fourth son of John, born September 24, 1656, at Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He married Sarah Allen, and they were the ancestors of the famous singer, Annie Louise Cary. John Cary was a son of John, who emigrated from England in 1634.   The two children born to Frank W. and Edith Briggs are Edith Marian and Elizabeth Darling. The first born died in 1896, aged nine years, and Elizabeh Darling Briggs is a graduate of Oberlin College with the class of 1909.   CHARLES H. BOOTH, vice-president of the United Engineering and Foundry company and general manager of the Lloyd Booth branch at Youngstown, continues in his own career the business talents and fine civic enterprise manifested so strikingly by the late Lloyd Booth, his father.   Lloyd Booth, who died at Youngstown, August 28, 1901, was founder of the Lloyd Booth Company, which is now incorporated with the United Engineering and Foundry Company. He had risen by his natural ability and force of character to be one of Youngstown's notable industrial leaders, and his career is an essential part of Youngstown's history. He was born in the village of New Scotland, not far from Albany, New York. He was a son of Arza and Phoebe (Beardslee) Booth, his father being a farmer in that locality.   Educated in Albany and learning the trade of machinist in that city, Lloyd Booth subsequently became master mechanic in the Erie Railroad shops at Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and prior to the Civil war located at Knoxville, Tennessee. For a time he was locomotive engineer on the East .Tennessee and Georgia Railroad. He then moved to Meadville Pennsylvania, and became a member of the firm of Dick, Fisk & Company, manufacturers of engines and oil well equipment.   In April, 1867, he came to Youngstown and bought an interest in a plant that consisted of a small foundry and machine shops operated by Ward, Kay & Company. This was the foundation of the large manufacturing enterprise since carried on as the Lloyd Booth Company, Mr. Booth having first bought out the other interests and later incorporated. In 1901, having developed this to one of the most important industrial enterprises of Youngstown, he retired from active business, and the plant was then consolidated with the United Engineering and Foundry Company, with general offices at Pittsburg. The Youngstown plant has since been known as the Lloyd Booth Branch, in which about 400 men find employment.   Lloyd Booth retired from active business only a short time before his death. He was closely identified with Youngstown in many ways. In Masonry he had attained the thirty-   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1631   second degree in the Scottish Rite. He was a director of the Mahoning National Bank. He married, at Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, November 18, 1858, Miss Nan C. Gilbert. They had three children: Charles H: ; Gilbert B., who died May 5, 1896, and who was connected with his father's enterprise; and Grace B.   Charles H. Booth, successor of his father in the business life of Youngstown, was born at Knoxville, Tennessee, January 17, 1861, and his home has been in Youngstown since he was six years old. Before completing the high school course in this city he entered Western Reserve College, where he was a student two years. He returned home to become bookkeeper in his father's business, in which he rapidly rose to places of increasing responsibility. Since the consolidation of the business he has been vice-president of the larger corporation and general manager of the Youngstown branch. Mr. Booth is also a director and the vice-president of the First National Bank, and a director in the Dollar Savings and Trust Company, the Ohio Leather Company, the Republic Rubber Company, the General Fireproofing Company and the American Belting Company, all being Youngstown corporations.   Like his father he is closely connected with the fraternal and civic life of the city. He is especially prominent in Masonry. Mr. C. H. Booth married, June 15, 1887, Miss Harriet Arms. She is a daughter of Myron I. Arms, of Youngstown. Their children are Lloyd and Jane Arms Booth.   STILES A. HOSMER.—Prominent among the native-born citizens of Seville, Medina county, is Stiles A. Hosmer, a man who bears with ease and dignity his burden of four score years, his mental faculties being as vigorous as of yore. He comes of New England ancestry, being a son of Chester Hosmer and grandson of William Hosmer, both natives of Massachusetts.   Chester Hosmer was born in 1800, and spent his early years in his Massachusetts home. Adventurous and enterprising, he subsequently started for the extreme western frontier, in company with his brother Henry and his brother-in-law Shubael Porter and two of Mr. Hosmer's sisters, coming by wagons to Medina county and settling in Guilford township. Erecting a log cabin in the midst of the green woods, he began the arduous work of clearing the 150 acres of wild land that he purchased for a mere song. Wild game of all kinds was then plentiful, with the wild beasts and the dusky savages roaming through the forests. After his marriage he settled with his bride in what is now the village of Seville, being then owner of nearly all of the land now contained in its present site, the division line between his land and that belonging to his brother Henry being the creek. He improved a goodly portion of his land, and was here employed as a tiller of the soil until his death, in 1896. His wife, whose maiden name was Emiline Forbes, was born in Truston township, New York, and came from there to Medina county, Ohio, with her uncle, Stiles Forbes. Eight children were born of their union, as follows : William, Stiles A., LeRoy, Chester, Henry, Sophia, Julia and Emily. The mother passed to the life beyond in .190o.   Stiles A. Hosmer has passed the greater part of his life in Seville, spending his earlier years on the parental homestead, which was located three-fourths of a mile north of the village. In 1863 he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel H. G. Blake. Sent to the front, he did guard duty in and around Washington, and for some time was stationed at Fort Richmond. Receiving his honorable discharge at the expiration of his term of enlistment Mr. Hosmer returned to Seville and resumed his agricultural operations. He is now retired from active labor, and is living with his estimable wife on their snug little farm of sixty-seven acres, one and three-quarter miles north of Seville, enjoying to the utmost all the comforts of this bright and happy world.   In 1863 Mr. Hosmer married Jane Nelson, who was born in Guilford township, a daughter of James and Catherine (Van Arsdall) Nelson. Mr. and Mrs. Hosmer have three children, namely : Rev. Frank Hosmer, a graduate of Wooster College and of the Chicago Theological Seminary, is a Presbyterian minister and as pastor of the Central Park church at Chicago receives an annual salary of $3,000 ; Gladys, the oldest child, married Levi Snyder, of Seville ; and Mary is the wife of Hugh Brumbaugh, of Cleveland.   MISS CHARLOTTE WHITE represents one of the oldest and most honored of the pioneer families of Painesville. She traces her descent in the paternal line to William White, who came from his native land of England on the   1632 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   historic Mayflower in 1620, and from him descends Samuel T. White, who was born on the borders of Lake George, New York, and who was the founder of the White family in Painesville, whither he came as early as 1809. He was a farmer, a Republican in his political affiliations, a teamster in the war of 1812, and an acceptable and earnest member of the Methodist church. Samuel T. White married Charlotte Bates in 1814, and they had eleven children, namely : Louisa, Arvine, Ansel, Melissa, Emily, Angeline, Permelia, Charlotte, Henry, Victoria and Deora, of whom Angeline, Permelia, Charlotte, Henry and Deora are living. Charlotte Bates was born in the year of 1797, and she died in 1877. She was born in the western part of Massachusetts, and made the journey with her people with horses and wagon to Painesville in 1809. Caleb Bates, her grandfather, bought some twenty-seven hundred acres of land, lying principally in Servy township, and he traded a part of that property for axes, with helves, which were afterward destroyed by fire, and he lost his investment.   Charlotte White supplemented her common school training with a course in Oberlin College, where she acquired the foundation for a successful business career and for an intellectual life. She now lives in a quietly retired way, surrounded by her splendid library and with the animals which she loves and which thrive upon her broad acres. She has personally conducted her farm for several years, a valuable property of some seventy or more acres on the south ridge in the township of Painesville, Lake county, and she descends from a long line of substantial agriculturists. She is a member of the Congregational church.   THOMAS HENRY ARTRESS is an influential citizen of Lorain and the present trustee of Black River township. He was born in Gloucestershire, England, April 21, 1859, a son of William and Mary Artress, both of whom were also born in that shire. The family came to the United States in 1868, and locating at once in Lorain county, Ohio, they were farming people here for many years, but both parents are now deceased.   When but thirteen years of age Thomas H. Artress started out in life for himself, working at farm labor during the following four years, and he theft served as apprenticeship of another four years at the blacksmith's trade. For twenty years following this apprenticeship he was a blacksmith at Grafton, and coming to the city of Lorain in 1888 he worked in the. Baltimore & Ohio railroad shops and in the brass works, and in 1893 he engaged in the hardware business here. He was active in the business life of this city from that time until December of 1903, and since then has lived somewhat retired. During three years he was one of the board of trustees of the Lorain works, and was appointed the trustee of Black River township in 1903, and still holds that office by re-election. He has contracted real estate holdings in Lorain, and is one of the city's active and public-spirited citizens. He is a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight of Pythias, and he is a member of the Board of Commerce.   Mr. Artress married Ida Ackley, who was born in Grafton, Lorain county, the daughter of Henry Ackley, from the same place, and of Mary Ackley, from Connecticut.   JAMES H. CASSIDY.—It has been given Hon. James H. Cassidy to attain precedence as one of the representative members of the bar of his native city of Cleveland, where he is engaged in the successful practice of his profession, and the hold which he has upon popular confidence and esteem in this favored section of the Buckeye state is clearly indicated in the fact that he is now the representative of his district in the congress of the United States.   Mr. Cassidy was born in Cleveland on October 28, 1869, and is a son of James H. and Mary (Brown) Cassidy, the former of whom was born in Ohio, where his parents took up their residence about the year 1825, and the latter of whom was born in the state of New York.   James H. Cassidy is indebted to the public schools of Cleveland for his early educational discipline, but when a lad of only eleven years he initiated his association with the practical responsibilities of life. He secured employment in a wood-working manufactory, in which he continued to be engaged for a period of five years. His ambition and alert mentality led him to seek wider fields of endeavor, however, and his advancement has been gained through his own well directed efforts. In 1887 he secured employment in the freight-claims department of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railroad, and with the interests of this road he continued to be identified as a trusted employe until 1900, when he resigned. In the meanwhile he had attended night school   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1633   with regularity and finally he became a student in the law department of Baldwin University, in which institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1901, in June of which year he was admitted to the bar of his native state, after having duly received his degree of Bachelor of Laws from the institution mentioned. He forthwith engaged in the practice of his chosen profession in Cleveland, in association with Charles F. Long, and the firm of Long & Cassidy now retains a representative clientage and controls a large and substantial professional business. Mr. Cassidy has proven himself an able trial lawyer and as a counsellor his success is based upon a thorough knowledge of the science of jurisprudence.   Well fortified in his opinions as to matters of public policy, Mr. Cassidy has been a most zealous and effective advocate of the principles and policies for which the Republican party stands sponsor. In 1902 he was secretary of the Republican campaign committee of Cleveland, and in the same year was a candidate for member of the city council, but was defeated through normal political exigencies. In December, 1902, Mr. Cassidy was appointed by the national house of representatives secretary of the commission on rivers and harbors, and he continued in tenure of this position until January, 1909, when he resigned to become a candidate for congress, as representative of the twenty-first congressional district of Ohio. He was made the nominee of his party for this office on March 31, 1909, and was elected by a gratifying majority in the following month. His practical business experience and professional training, as well as his broad mental ken, well qualify him for the distinguished preferment which he has thus received in the suffrages of the people of his native state. Mr. Cassidy is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association and the Cuyahoga County Bar Association ; is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce; the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Tippecanoe and the Western Reserve Clubs. He is affiliated with Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons, and both he and his wife hold membership in the First Baptist church of Cleveland.   In November, 1903, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Cassidy to Miss Elizabeth Hendiges, daughter of Christopher Hendiges, of Cleveland, and they are popular in connection with the social activities of their home city.     J. G. Butler JR.—Whether viewed as a figure admitted into the national councils of Republicanism or -a leading factor in the development of the iron industries of the Mahoning Valley, J. G. Butler, Jr., of Youngstown, has attained signal prominence in the progress of the broad life of the Western Reserve. At the present time he is in specially important service as general manager of the Brier Hill Iron and Coal Company, president of the Bessemer Limestone Company and chairman of the Bessemer Pig Iron Association. In 1840 Mr. Butler was born, in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, and he is a son of J. G. and Temperance (Orwig) Butler, his parents being natives of Bellefonte, that state. The father was an iron worker and was connected with the large iron. industries of Mercer county prior to 1842, when he moved to Trumbull county, Ohio. While there he was retired from active business, but became quite prominent in public affairs, serving as sheriff of the county from 1861 to 1865.   In 1863, when twenty-three years old, J. G. Butler, Jr., became associated in the iron works of Brown, Bonnell & Company, representing Hale & Ayer, large owners in the enterprise, with whom he remained until 1866, when he became a partner in the Girard Iron Company, of Girard, Ohio. In this connection he was associated with the late Governor Tod, William Ward and William Richards, and thus continued until 1878, when he became general manager of the Brier Hill Iron and Coal Company, in which capacity he has continued ever since. He has large interests also in other companies and corporations. He was vice-president of the Ohio Steel Company, is president of the Bessemer Limestone Company, and is on the directing boards of the Pittsburg, Youngstown and Ashtabula Railroad Company, the Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad Company and the Mahoning Valley Street Railway system.   On June 10, 1866, Mr. Butler was married to Harriet Voothees Ingersoll, a daughter of Lieutenant Jonathan Ingersoll, of the United States navy, who is a representative of one of the oldest and most prominent families of New England. Mr. and Mrs. Butler have three children : Blanche, the wife of E. L. Ford, of Youngstown ; Grace, wife of Arthur McGraw, of Detroit, Michigan ; and Henry A., a graduate of Harvard University, class of   1634 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   1897, who is now with the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company.   Mr. Butler is an ardent Republican and is very prominent in party councils. In 1868 he was elected a member of the first city council at Youngstown, and has been twice re-elected to the same office, having also served on the city board of health. In 1900 he was sent as a delegate to the Republican National Convention held at Philadelphia, and both locally and at large his sound judgment and influence are highly valued. Fraternally and socially Mr. Butler belongs to a number of well known organizations. He is a member of the Nathan Hale Chapter of Sons of the American Revolution ; the American Geographical Society, of New York ; the Union Club, of Cleveland ; the Duquesne Club, of Pittsburg ; the Youngstown Club, of Youngstown ; the Rayen Club, of Youngstown, and is president of the Chamber of Commerce. He has also one Of the finest art collections in the city and is a citizen of cultured tastes as well as of practical and solid abilities.   WILLIAM HOWARD BRETT.-To remain at the head of a great public library for a quarter of a century is proof positive of fine talents, executive, administrative and scholarly. When the scientific classification of literature and the economics of library management have become one of the most exact of sciences and given rise to a distinct province of learning, the modern librarian, in order to hold his place with the advance, must be a ceaseless student and a master of all current information relating to his profession. With the great rising in the leNiel of average intelligence, which the public libraries have done so much to bring about, the necessary qualifications of the metropolitan librarian are vastly superior to the official of earlier. years. William H. Brett, head of the Cleveland Public Library, has never ceased to become a student of progressive methods connected with his profession, with the result that the institution in his charge has always been a leader in general education and he himself honored with the presidency of both the representative associations of his state and nation.   Mr. Brett is a native of Braceville, Ohio, and was born in 1846 to Morgan Lewis and Jane (Brokaw) Brett. He received his elementary education in the public schools of Warren, Ohio, and afterward pursued partial course at The Western Reserve College and the University of Michigan, the honorary degree of A. M. being conferred upon him by Hiram College. In 1884 he was appointed public librarian at Cleveland, and signal evidences of his standing were his elections as president of the Ohio Library Association in 1895 as president of the American Library Association in 1897. In 1898 he also served as chairman of the Trans-Mississippi Library Association and he has been dean of the Western Reserve Library School since 1903. In 1879 Mr. Brett married Miss Alice L. Allen, of Cleveland, and his residence is at No. 2250 West Forty-ninth street.   SAMUEL J. PLUM holds prestige as one of the able representatives of the great basic art of agriculture in his native county and is one of the well known and honored citizens of Mantua township, Portage county, where he is the owner of a finely improved farm.   Samuel J. Plum was born in the western part of Mantua township on the 16th of May, 1843, and is a son of Thomas Plum. The parents passed the closing years of their lives on the farm now owned by Samuel J. After having duly availed himself of the advantages of the common schools, Mr. Plum entered Hiram Eclectic Institute, now known as Hiram College, at Hiram, Portage county. This historic old institution had as its principle during his student days General James A. Garfield, who was later to become the victim of the assassin's bullet while serving as president of the United States. Mr. Plum left college in 1856, and in 1860 his father purchased the present homestead farm, which has been his place of abode and the field of his well directed endeavors during practically all the long intervening years. He came into possession of the property at the time of the death of his honored father. He has ever taken a loyal interest in local affairs and is known as a progressive and public-spirited citizen.   In the year of 1874 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Plum to Miss Elvene Oldham, who.was born in the state of Mississippi, September 1o, 1846, and who was educated in Oberlin College, at Oberlin, Ohio. She was a daughter of James Oldham and she died in the year of 1896. Mr. and Mrs. Plum became the parents of two daughters, both of whom are living,—Jessie Marietta, born September 12, 1878, and Bertha Paulina, born January 23, 1881.   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1635   ALONZO H. KENDEIGH, a leading farther of Amherst township, Lorain county, was born in that township in September, 1832, a son of Henry and Nancy (Rice) Kendeigh, from Pennsylvania. They bought a farm in Lorain county, and there remained until the father died, in 1835.   After the death of his father, Alonzo Kendeigh lived with his mother, and he and his oldest brother conducted the farm. When he was sixteen years of age, he began working as a carpenter and joiner, at which trade he worked several years. He then purchased a house and lot, where he lived a number of years, and then with his brother purchased a grist mill in Amherst, which they conducted a few years and then he sold his interest to his brother. Shortly after the mill burned Mr. Kendeigh and his brother built a furnace near the railroad. Ten years later he sold his interest in this enterprise to his brother and purchased a farm in the western part of Amherst township, consisting of fifty-three acres, upon which he since resided with the exception of two years spent in Amherst in the employ of his brother. Mr. Kendeigh is actively interested in public affairs, and is an ,industrious, useful citizen. He is independent in politics.   In 1864 Mr. Kendeigh married Lura Austin, who was the adopted daughter of Clark Carpenter and his wife ; she died leaving three children, namely : Bennie, of California ; George, of Lorain, Ohio, and Frank, who lives on the farm with his father.   CLAIRE WILSON ROBINSON.—A young man of vim and energy, endowed with those sterling traits of habitual industry and persistent thrift that command success in the industrial world, Claire W. Robinson has already acquired a place of note among the worthy and progressive agriculturists of Portage county, and may well look forward to a long and successful future career. A son of James Adams Robinson, he was born, November 27, 1883, in Cleveland, Ohio. His paternal grandfather was John Robinson. James Adams Robinson married Ida Mary Odell a daughter of J. and Mary (Packard) Odell. Seven children were born of them, five sons and two daughters, a goodly family.   Brought up in Cleveland, Claire W. Robinson was educated in that city, being graduated from the grammar school in 1899 and from the Central High School in 1903. Beginning life for himself immediately after graduation he was engaged for a time with a surveying party, after which he was employed in the cream separator business for two years. Locating then in Geneva, Ohio, Mr. Robinson was there employed in tilling the soil for a year. Finding the occupation congenial to his tastes, he subsequently bought his present farm of sixty acres, and in its management is meeting with all of the success he anticipated.   On July 15, 1907, Mr. Robinson married Louise Settler, who was born February 16, 1885, in Metz, Germany, a daughter of Jacob and Louisa (Guenther) Settler, both of whom were born in Germany the former in Dudenhofen. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson-have one child, Jay Odell, born January 22, 1909.   EPHRAIM BROWN was one of the real pioneers of Trumbull county and at one time was the principal owner of the township of Bloomfield. He was the son of Ephraim and Hannah (Howe) Brown and a descendant of Thomas Brown and John Howe, his pioneer ancestors, who coming from England settled at Sudbury, Massachusetts, about 1637-8. He was born October 27, 1775, at Westmoreland, New Hampshire, and received an academic education in his native state, and his habit through life of reading much from well chosen books added greatly to the culture which he attained, and which made him at an early age one whose judgment and advice was frequently sought, even by his elders. Evidence of this is found in the many letters addressed to him on various subjects by men of prominence and ability. He married November 9, 1806, Mary Buckingham Huntington, a native of Windham, Connecticut. She was a daughter of Curdon and Temperance (Williams) Huntington, and was born On August 29, 1787.   In the summer of 1814, Mr. Brown, with his uncle, Thomas Howe, made a journey in a chaise to Ohio for the purpose of buying land. After stopping at the then small village of Cleveland for a few days they decided to look farther before locating and finally settled upon a township then known as "No. 7, 4th Range" —afterward called North Bloomfield—then an unbroken wilderness. On their return to New England they made the purchase of the township of Peter C. Brooks, of Boston. In the following summer, 1815, Mr. Brown moved his family to the new home, the first family to arrive except one which came a few months earlier. Mr. Howe himself came in March, 1815 accompanied by several young men, who   1636 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   cleared a space in the wilderness and erected comfortable cabins for the reception of Mr. Brown's family in July. Soon other families followed Mr. Howe's in 1817. Later Mr. Howe retired from the partnership, retaining, however, some 1,200 acres of the purchase and Mr. Brown assumed the debt, which in a few years he succeeded in discharging. He sold a large portion of his land to settlers who came mostly from New England, but retained during his life 2,000 or 3,000 acres. His first residence was of course a log cabin, but within the first year a frame structure was added and which is still a part of the present dwelling. More additions have been made from time to time and it is still a very attractive home.   By Mr. Brown's efforts a postoffice was early secured, and he was active in the construction of the Trumbull and Ashtabula turnpike, which for years, or until railroads were built, was a part of the favorite route between Lake Erie and the Ohio river. Fine coaches daily passed to and fro, filled with passengers. A saw mill was soon built, also a grist mill, and his small store of goods sufficed for the needs of the people for a long time. His activities did not end here, for he served several terms in both houses of the legislature of Ohio, as he had previously served in his native state. The title of Colonel, by which he was sometimes addressed, was given him when he was on the governor's staff in New Hampshire, not on account of any military service. Originally a Jeffersonian Democrat, he was always an uncompromising opponent of slavery, and after he came to Ohio his farm was one of the stations of the Underground Railway to Canada. He never united with any church, but his moral and religious principles were very strong. ,As his rectitude and ability were unquestioned he retained to the last the confidence and leadership of his community. His death occurred on March 7, 1845, and his faithful wife passed away January 26, 1862.   Mrs. Brown should be named as one of the "real pioneers," for she shared with her husband the privations incident to the life of a pioneer, and these she felt most keenly, her tastes leading her to enjoy a more developed and refined civilization. But she found, among other pioneer women, much to prize in their sisterly and kindly ways and formed some lasting friendships among them. She suffered much from homesickness during the first two years, when it was decided that she should go east for a visit when her husband went for goods for his store. They accordingly rode to Painesville or Fairport on horseback, expecting to take a boat (a schooner) there for Buffalo, but on their arrival they found the boat had passed. Mr. Brown then gave his wife the choice between returning to her home or going on to Utica on horseback. She chose the latter alternative and they proceeded to Utica, whence they went on by stages. The visit proved very satisfactory and she found on her return to the hopeful, active life of the pioneer, a pleasant contrast to the inactive life of the older settlement.   It is due to the memory of such a woman to insert in this history some appreciative words at the time of her death by a friend who knew her well. He said of her : "She was a woman possessed of the highest and purest qualities of head and heart, and was beloved and respected during all the years of her long and well spent life by all who knew her. Possessing a.well balanced and vigorous mind, she united thereto a kindliness of feeling and comprehensive benevolence, wide as humanity itself ; and never during her life came up to her the cry of the needy and oppressed unheard or unheeded. To these distinguished natural gifts she added the charm of a high and refined cultivation, in so. much that few indeed could rival her in the acquirements of knowledge and taste. The remarkable powers of her mind continued up to the time of her death unimpaired and never did the high sentiments of the philanthropist and true patriot cease to animate her noble heart till its pulses were stilled by the cold hand of Death." Her husband appreciated and was in sympathy with all these fine attributes.   Mr. and Mrs. Ephraim Brown were the parents of the following children : Ephraim Alexander, born December I, 1807, who died August 10, 1894; George Washington, born May 24, 1810, died April 12, 1841; Mary, who became Mrs. Joseph K. Wing, born May 28, 1812, and died December 15, 1887 ; Charles, born August 9, 1814, who married Julia Anne, daughter of Judge Lester King, of Warren, Ohio, and died October, 1880; Elizabeth Huntington, born April 12, 1816, and died June 19, 1904 ; James Munroe, born April 2, 1818, died October, 1867 ; Marvin Huntington, born August 12, 1820, and died in August, 1892 ; Fayette, born December 17, 1823, who was a resident of Cleveland, Ohio, and president of the Brown Hoisting Company at the time of his death, January 20, 1910, and Anne Frances,   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1637   born on May 3o, 1826, who resides at the old homestead. This, the youngest child, has always resided in the house where she was born, more than eighty-two years ago, and retains her faculties remarkably. She owns 230 acres of the 900-acre farm on which her father lived at the time of his death in 1845.   FAYETTE BROWN.-A life conspicuous for the magnitude and variety of its achievement was that of the late Fayette Brown, one of the distinguished and honored figures in connection with the business and civic history of Cleveland and one whose influence in the field of productive industry and commercial enterprises transcended local environs to permeate the national life. His nature was intrinsically strong, constant and noble, and his life, prolonged to venerable years, was marked by large and generous accomplishment as one of the world's great army of sterling workers. He was a scion of one of the old and honored pioneer families of Ohio and his entire course was guided and governed by the highest principles of integrity, so that he ever commanded as his own the high esteem of his fellow men. Such was his standing as a citizen and as a man of affairs that it is most consonant that in this work, devoted to the Western Reserve and its people, be accorded a brief tribute to his memory.   Fayette Brown was born in North Bloomfield township, Trumbull county, Ohio, on December 17, 1823, and his death occurred at his home in the city of Cleveland on January 20, 191o. The family of which he was so worthy a member was founded in New England in the early colonial era of our national history and he was a son of Ephraim and Mary Buckingham (Huntington) Brown; the former of whom was born at Wekmoreland, New Hampshire, on October 27, 1775, and the latter of whom was born in Windham, Connecticut, on August 29, 1787, a daughter of Gurdon and Temperance (Williams) Huntington. Ephraim Brown was a son of Ephraim and Hanna (Howe) Brown and a direct descendant of Thomas Brown and John Howe, who came from England and settled at Sudbury, Massachusetts, about the year 1637. Ephraim Brown (II), father of the subject of this memoir, received an academic education in his native state, and through self-discipline and wide and appreciative reading he became a man of exceptional mental ken, so that he was well qualified for leadership in thought and action after numbering himself among the pioneers of Ohio.   In the summer of 1814, in company with his maternal uncle, Thomas Howe, Ephraim Brown came to Ohio for the purpose of buying, land. After stopping for a few days in Cleveland, which was then a mere village, Messrs. Howe and Brown made their way to Trumbull county, where they selected land in the midst of the wilderness, becoming owners of the section eventually constituted as North Bloomfield township. In the summer of 1815 Mr. Brown removed with his family to the new home, and the family was the second to make permanent settlement in that locality. In the preceding March, Mr. Howe had come to the new section in company with several young men, who made a clearing on the land and erected a comfortable cabin for the use of Mr. Brown and his family. Later Mr. Howe retired from the partnership association with his nephew, though retaining about 1,200 acres of the original tract purchased by them, and Mr. Brown was enabled within a few years to free his property from the burden of indebtedness, having sold a portion of his land to other New England settlers, but having retained the ownership of 2,000 or 3,000 acres until his death.   Ephraim Brown, who was familiarly known as "Colonel" Brown, by reason of having served with this rank on the staff of the governor of New Hampshire prior to his removal to Ohio, was of the sterling character demanded of the successful pioneer. His enterprises penetrated in divers directions. He was chiefly instrumental in securing the establishment of a postoffice, was actively identified with the construction of the old Trumbull and Ashtabula Turnpike, erected a saw mill and a grist mill and conducted a general store, which afforded requisite supplies for settlers throughout a wide section of country. Colonel Brown was one of the most influential citizens of his section of the state and he was called upon to serve several terms in both houses of the Ohio legislature. He was an implacable adversary to tile institution of human slavery, though a stanch Jeffersonian Democrat in his political proclivities: and his home was one of the prominent stations on the historic "underground railway," through which many slaves were assisted to freedom. He was not formally identified with any church organization, but his religious principles were of the strongest basis. He died on March 7, 1845, and his devoted   1638 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   wife and helpmeet survived until January 26, 1862. On their old homestead still resides their venerable daughter, Miss Anne F. Brown, concerning whom individual mention is made on other pages of this volume. Elsewhere in this work is also given further and specific record concerning the life and labors of this honored pioneer, the late Colonel Ephraim Brown, and reference should be made to the article in question as supplementing the present resume of the life of the son, who well upheld the prestige of the family name.   Fayette Brown, the immediate subject of this memoir, was reared to maturity in North Bloomfield, Trumbull county, and was afforded the advantages of excellent common schools in Gambier, Ohio, after which he continued his studies in historic old Jefferson College, in Pennsylvania. He.initiated his business career when eighteen years of age, when he assumed the position of clerk in the wholesale drygoods establishment conducted by one of his elder brothers in the city of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1845 he became a partner in the business, with which he continued to be thus identified until 1851, when he returned to Ohio and took up his residence in the city of Cleveland, where he had previously become a member of the banking firm of Mygatt & Brown. Mr. Mygatt retired from the firm in 1857 and thereafter Mr. Brown individually continued the enterprise until 1861, when, at the inception of the Civil war, he accepted the office of paymaster in the Union army, an incumbency which he retained until 1862, when he resigned, retiring' with the rank of major. Upon his return to Cleveland he became general agent and manager of the Jackson Iron Company, and with the passing of years he gained national reputation and precedence as one of the most extensive and successful manufacturers and iron operators in the country. In addition to the business association already noted Mr. Brown had been president of the Union Screw Company, the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company, the National Chemical Company and the G. C. Kuhlman Car Company ; was chairman of the Stewart Iron Company and a member of the firm of H. H. Brown & Co., dealers in iron ore. Mr. Brown was a man of indomitable energy, of great initiative and administrative ability, and he was able to win large and definite success through his long and active association with normal business enterprises of wide scope and importance. Upon his entire career as a citizen and as a business man there rests no shadow, and he held a large place in connection with civic and industrial affairs in the city that so long represented his home and the center of his interests and in which he was ever vouchsafed the fullest measure of popular confidence and esteem, his intrinsic nobility of character having been the effective measure of public approbation.   In politics, while never seeking the honors or emoluments of office, Mr. Brown was a stanch adherent of the Republican party, taking a broad-minded and loyal interest in all that touched the welfare and progress of his home city. Reared under the influences of the pioneer days, he never lost his interest in the out-door life, and this was signified by his retention of membership in the Cleveland Golf and Country Clubs ; the Castalia Sporting Club, of which he was president at the time of his death ; the Point Mouillee Shooting Club ; the West Huron Shooting and Fishing Club; and the Munising Trout Club. He was also a valued member of the Union Club of Cleveland. He had the deepest reverence for the spiritual verities and his entire life was guided by the loftiest principles of integrity and honor. He attained to the venerable age of eighty-six years and was one of the pioneer business men of the Forest City when he was summoned from the scene of his prolonged and generous mortal endeavors. His wife was a member of the Presbyterian church and he contributed liberally to religious and benevolent undertakings, though not actively identified with any church organization as a member.   On July 15, 1847, Mr. Brown was united in marriage to Miss Cornelia Curtiss, who was born at Mount Troy, a suburb of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 4, 1825, and whose death occurred on April 5, 1899. She was a daughter of Elliott and Affalinda (Rice) Curtiss, both of whom resided in Connecticut prior to their marriage. Mrs. Brown was a woman' of gracious personality and won to herself the affectionate regard of all who came within the immediate sphere of her influence,—especially in the sacred precincts of a home life of idyllic order. She was educated in Harriet Preble's French Boarding School for Young Ladies in Pittsburg, a famous institution of its day.   Mr. and Mrs. Brown had three sons and two daughters. The eldest son, Harvey H. Brown, is a member of the firm. of H. H. Brown & Co., of Cleveland. The second son, Alexander E. Brown, is vice president and general manager of the Brown Hoisting Machinery Com-   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1639   pany of Cleveland. The third son, William Fayette Brown, died in April, 1891. The daughters, Florence C. and Mary L. Brown, still reside in the beautiful family homestead at 3210 Euclid avenue, Cleveland.     ANNE F. BROWN.—The intimate association of, a person with a locality, so that the one is readily suggestive of the other, is a feature of an older and quieter generation and almost unique in the changeful and progressive twentieth century. Fortunately, beauty of character and soundness of mind may develop apart from the breathless confusion of modern existence, and a life extended to venerable years and spent in the heart of the country may attain a conspicuous beauty of symmetry and sweetness.   It is remarkable to have lived more than four score years in a peaceful rural community, yet without isolation and narrowness, to have had intimate acquaintance with some of the great personalities of the time and to have kept a mind alert to great movements in politics and society ; to have had the esteem and admiration of all. Both by reason of her ancestry and for what she herself has stood for, Miss Brown, of North Bloomfield, Trumbull county, is one of the interesting and noteworthy personages of the Western Reserve.   Anne Frances Brown was born May 30, 1826, in the house built by her father and which is still her home at North Bloomfield. No word written of Miss Brown would be entirely just, nor would it be allowed by her, that did not presuppose that mention was made of her because she is the last surviving member of her father's family, and that in her age she is permitted to represent them and in her modest way continue their work ; by unassuming example try to invest life with the beauty that comes from order, thrift and the desire for right doing ; to have one's house in such order that one might go hence today and yet so planned that one's days might be indefinitely prolonged in beauty and comfort. She is the youngest child of Ephraim and Mary B. Huntington Brown, pioneers of the Western Reserve, who brought with them from the east the tradition of godly lives, for progression in all things spiritual and temporal, sound judgment, the desire to serve, not counting one's self first, and for the time a fortune ample and adequate to the family needs. Of the children born to Ephraim and Mary Brown, Alexander, the eldest, at an early day went to Pittsburg,   Vol. III-24   and by reason of his exceptional endowments for business life, accumulated such ample means that he retired before he reached middle age. His philanthropy was far seeing and far reaching and one is impressed by the modern spirit which actuated this man, raised, as it were, in the wilderness and whose days were mostly spent by choice until his death in 1894 in a rural community. Of the remainder of the family, George, the second son, died in early manhood. Mary, the eldest daughter, married Joseph K. Wing and lived long an honored member of the community with which she was identified since infancy. Charles passed a great portion of his life at Bloomfield, always alive to the influences he believed to be uplifting ; Elizabeth, who lived and died at the Brown homestead, a woman of rare beauty of person and exceptional mental powers ; James, who went to Massillon, where his influence was widely felt and whose work is worthily carried on by his descendants ; Marvin, who died ripe in years at his home which was a portion of the Brown estate ; Fayette, who died in January, 1910, at Cleveland, where by worth of service as a citizen and length of years he held a conspicuous position ; and Anne, who alone survives and is the subject of this sketch.   One naturally asks what influence was so potent in the lives of these children, that it moulded and stamped them in childhood, which stood them in good stead during the strenuous years of their lives and which cheered and supported them in their age, their years averaging far more than man's allotted three score and ten. The sketch of Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton gives of Miss Brown in her history of Trumbull county may perhaps furnish the clue, and in writing of her Mrs. Upton has interwoven with her words the spirit which characterized the parents and which made their children powers in the community.   She says, in effect, that Miss Brown never remembers getting tired of having her mother read to her, and that one winter she and her brothers and sisters sometimes rose at 4 o'clock in the morning in order to have her mother read until breakfast time. They had the advantage of an unusual kind of education, since most of the cultivated visitors to this part of the country stayed with them when passing through. Joshua R. Giddings was often in their home, stopping there on his way to or from Washington. Miss Brown especially remembers his calling in the spring of 1842 on his way to Washington, being returned to Con-   1640 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   gress by his constituents after his censure by the House of Representatives and his prompt resignation thereafter. Here he found ardent and influential support for his anti-slavery work. Mr. Brown was a member of the Ohio house of representatives and the senate, and in both houses one may be sure his voice was not still when slavery was under discussion. His house was one of the stations on the "Underground Railway," and abolition and politics were freely talked of here.   The Brown homestead was always the residence of Miss Elizabeth and Miss Anne. There they lived singularly devoted to each other and there they had a home in later years with their brother Alexander, and it was a great blow to the younger sister when the brother and older sister died.   Few are the women whom time has touched. so lightly and who are so cherished and revered as is Miss Brown. She makes a yearly visit in her brother's family in Cleveland and with other relatives in the state.   While Miss Brown thinks that under present conditions the organizations of today may be necessary, she has never allied herself with any of them except the Forestry Association. She regrets the wanton destruction of the splendid forests of northern Ohio. In 1820 her father brought a young elm from Bristol and planted it in the dooryard. This has been one of the most beautiful trees in the vicinity, and although a few years ago, when the leaves were heavy with rain, nearly one-half of the tree was split off, it is still a splendid example of what planting, judicious care and tree surgery can do.   The old log house which was built for Ephraim Brown in 1815, five years later gave place to a handsome home, and that portion of the house now stands as it was then. The bricks used in it were brought from Warren through unbroken woods. The window frames are in good condition and hold the same glass (with few exceptions) which was put in at the beginning. The stone steps, somewhat worn, are now in use. At one time it was thought to change them, but Mr. Fayette Brown, the last surviving son of the house, said too many good friends had come and gone over them for any change to be made in them now. The house is kept in conformity to the New England tradition—that is, beautifully kept. The walls of the guest chamber are covered with blue and white paper which looks as if it were new yesterday. In reality, it has been on the walls nearly ninety years. It was made when paper was manufactured not in rolls but in squares. The hangings are of the same color and compare in freshness with the paper, although they are not quite so old. In one of the other chambers is a stove, the first ever used in the house, where it has been since 1840, and it shows no signs of old age.   Although in the heart of the country, Miss Brown looks into the west from her library windows and sees the Mesopotamia and the Middlefield hills beyond, and these are often at sunset glorified almost beyond recognition, and one likes to think this is symbolic of lives spent in the service of others, whose high ideals have no lowering and whose faith in the benevolence of God's providence has no bounds.   WILLIAM J. FITZSIMONS.—One of the industrial enterprises of the city of Youngstown, Mahoning. county, Ohio, is the Fitzsimons Company, of which William J. Fitzsimons of this sketch is general manager. This corporation manufactures cold drawn bars, in rounds, squares, hexagons, flats and special shapes, in both iron and steel, and the finely equipped plant occupies two and one-half acres of land. The buildings are, in the main, of substantial brick construction, and the machinery and accessories are of the best modern type. Employment is afforded to a corps of one hundred and twenty-five men, and thus the enterprise is a valuable contribution to the industrial, commercial and social prosperity of the city of Youngstown. The company was incorporated with a capital stock of $250,000 in 1908, and the personnel of the executive corps is as here noted : Thomas G. Fitzsimons, president ; James R. Fitzsimons, treasurer, and William J. Fitzsimons, secretary and general manager.   William J. Fitzsimons is a native son of the Western Reserve and here he has found ample scope for the exercise of his powers and abilities. He has gained a secure place as one of the representative business men of the Reserve and is known as one of the progressive and public spirited citizens of Youngstown. Mr. Fitzsimons was born in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, on the 8th of February, 1872, and there he continued his studies in the public schools until he had completed the curriculum of the high school. He then entered upon an apprenticeship in the works of the Brown Hoisting & Conveying Machine Company, of Cleveland, with which concern he was engaged for a   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1641   period of three years. In 1895 he became superintendent of the Fitzsimons Company of Cleveland, Ohio, with which concern he continued to be identified in this capacity until 1902, when he removed to Youngstown and became the general manager of the Finished Steel Company. Upon the incorporation of the concern, in 1908, the name was changed to the Fitzsimons Company, and he has since continued as the active general manager of its large and important business interests. He is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce and does all in his power to further its high civic ideals. He also holds membership in the Youngstown Club, and the Credit Men's Association, and is affiliated with the local lodge of the Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks.   WILLIS JAMES NEWBERRY, a prominent farmer of Lorain county, was born on the farm be now occupies, in Brownhelm township, October 12, 1858, son of John and Alvina (Whitcomb) Newberry. John Newberry was born in Brownhelm township and his wife in Perrysburg, Cattaraugus county, New York, her father, Stephen Whitcomb, being also born in New York. John Newberry's parents came to Brownhelm township when it was a wilderness, and they cleared and improved their land. Alvina Whitcomb was left a half orphan by the death of her mother when two years of age ; she came to Ohio on a visit to relatives and while there was married ; she and her husband lived in Vermilion a few years after their marriage, and then settled on the farm now owned by their son Willis. One year after Willis' first marriage in the year 1880, John Newberry moved to Elyria, lived there two years, then moved to Findlay when oil was struck and lived there until the death of Mrs. Willis Newberry. He then moved back to the .old farm in the year 1888, and lived here until his death, January 1, 1901. He worked at his tra(1e as carpenter while in Elyria and Findlay.   Since the death of her husband Mrs. Newberry makes her home with her son Willis and spends some time with her daughter. John Newberry and his wife had two children, Sarah, Mrs. Thomas Dean, of Elyria, and Willis J.   Willis J. Newberry received his education in the public schools of his native township, and lived on the home place until 1892. He then spent two years on North Ridge, Brownhelm township, two years later removed to a farm near Vermillion and three years afterward to the line between Erie and Lorain counties, where he remained two years and then moved on to the Woodruff farm on the east side of the Vermillion river, in Brownhelm township. In February, 1901, Mr. Newberry moved to the old farm, where he still resides. He is an intelligent, hustling farmer, and very successful. Mr. Newberry raises horses, hogs, sheep and cattle. He is a Republican in politics, and is actively interested in public affairs. He is one of the substantial business men of the community, and stands well with his fellow citizens. Mr. Newberry has been school director, road supervisor and since 1907 township trustee. He belongs to the Fraternal Order of Eagles, No. 1442, of North Amherst, and Modern Woodmen of America, No. 625o, of Vermillion.   Mr. Newberry married, November 24, 1879, Anna Featherstone, born in Ontario, Canada, and they had three children, namely : Mabel, Mrs. Charles Nuhn, of Vermillion ; Bessie, Mrs. Loren Forry, of Bixby, Oklahoma, and John, of Toledo, Ohio. Mrs. Newberry died April 2, 1888, and Mr. Newberry married December 22, 1891, Emma M. Sutton, born in Milan, Ohio, daughter of Nelson and Arcelia (Reed )Sutton. Nelson Sutton was born in Greenwich, Ohio, and his wife in Ridgeway, Lenawee county, Michigan, his parents, Laban and Mary (Farley) Sutton, were born in New York and Greenwich, Ohio, respectively, and her parents, Hiram and Ellen (Wyckoff) Reed, were born in Michigan and Canada, respectively. By his second marriage Mr. Newberry has one son, Nelson, born May 29, 1894, living at home. There were one hundred acres of land in the original farm, and Mr. Newberry and his sister purchased it jointly.   MRS. SARAH LOCKWOOD.—Among the oldest of the native born residents of Erie county is Mrs. Sarah Lockwood, who was born October 30, 1826, in Milan, a daughter of George and Mary Lockwood. She comes of distinguished New England ancestry, and of honored patriotic ond military stock, being a great-granddaughter of Commodore John Cannon, who won honors for his daring courage and bravery in different naval services. He lost his property during the burning of the town by. the British, and it was years afterward that his great-grandchildren recovered it.   1642 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   The grandparents, Stephen Lockwood and Sarah Beets, parents of George Lockwood and Ralph Lockwood, natives of Norwalk, Connecticut, left their New England home in 1819, coming to the Western Reserve as pioneers. The grandfather had inherited a tract of land in the Western Reserve that had been especially set apart for Connecticut citizens whose property had been destroyed by British expeditions during the Revolutionary war, and which is still known as the "Fire Lands," his father's property in Norwalk, Connecticut, having been destroyed by the British. He himself was a Revolutionary soldier. Mrs. Sarah Lockwood is the seventh generation from Robert Lockwood the first settler. He lived near Boston, Massachusetts. The maternal grandparents were James and Rebecca Gould Cannon.   George Lockwood, born July 29, 1793. married in 1814, Mary Cannon, who was born February 6, 1792, and who died in Erie county in 1835. He survived her, passing away in 186o. He was a man of influence in the community, and a valued member of the Whig party, supporting its principles by voice and vote. Sarah Lockwood was an apt scholar, and was given exceptionally good educational advantages, as a young lady being graduated from Huron Institute. In 1847 she married Stephen A. Lockwood, her cousin, who was born in Erie county, Ohio, in 1820, a son of Ralph Lockwood, who came here with his family in 1819, and engaged in business as a general merchant, being for many years in partnership with George Lockwood, Mrs. Lockwood's father. Stephen A. Lockwood served in the Civil war, being in the navy for two years ; he died in March, 1898. Eight children were born of their union, namely : Nattie, Ralph, James, Sadie, George, Stephen, Louisa and Mary. Mrs. Lockwood, a woman of venerable years, is highly esteemed throughout the community in which she has so long lived, and is a valued member of the Presbyterian church, and a firm believer in its teachings.   WILLIAM ADAMS HIGLEY.—Distinguished not only as a native born son of Portage county, but for the honored pioneer New England stock from which he is descended, William A. Higley holds a position of note among the substantial and highly esteemed residents of Windham, where he is well and favor' ably known as a cultured and genial man, a loyal citizen and a faithful friend and neighbor. A son of the late Lorin Higley, he was born March 1, 1840, in Windham township, where his grandfather, Colonel Benjamin Higley was one of the original settlers.   The Higley family was first represented in the United States by Captain John Higley, who was born in Wales and came to this country about 1665, as a stowaway on a sailing vessel. The line of descent was continued through his eldest son, Brewster Higley, then through Captain Joseph Higley, whose son, Micah Higley, was the great-grandfather of William Adams Higley.   Colonel Benjamin Higley, born November 30, 1777, in Becket, migrated from Massachusetts to Ohio about 1811, traveling with ox teams across the intervening country, a large part of the way following a blazed trail. Locating in Windham township, Portage county, he first took up one thousand, two hundred and twenty-seven acres of timber land, and subsequently bought another tract, acquiring title to over thirteen hundred acres of land in the Reserve. He served in the war of 1812, being captain of a company of soldiers. He did much of the surveying of this locality, and laid out Strongsburg, which he named in honor of Governor Strong of Connecticut, the name, however, being changed in 1820, by an act of the state legislature to its present name, Windham. He was very enterprising and progressive, and was one of the foremost in inaugurating improvements, being largely instrumental in the building of roads and in the establishment of public schools. He lived to a good old age, passing away July 4, 1867. He married Sally McKown, who was born in Norwich, Connecticut, March 10, 1773, and died in Windham, Ohio.   Lorin Higley, born in Becket, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, in 1810, was brought up and educated in Windham, Ohio. A year or so after his marriage he settled on a farm lying one and one-half miles southwest of Windham Center, and was there engaged farming for many years. He married, March 8, 1832, Elmina Frary, who was born in Becket, Massachusetts, in 1811, and on March 1882, they celebrated their golden wedding on the old farm, the occasion being one long to be remembered by the friends and relatives that gathered there to do them honor. They subsequently moved to Windham Center, where Mrs. Higley died July 1, 1889. The bereaved husband then moved back to the old homestead, and there spent his remaining   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1643   days, passing away February 25, 1891. Five children were born of the union of Lorin and Elmina Higley, namely : Sheldon F., who served during the Civil war in the Forty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, lives ip Geneva, Ohio; Stephen died in Colorado ; Seymour A., living on the old farm ; Sarah A., twin sister of Seymour A., married J. L. Minor, of New York city, and died in 1905, and William A., the subject of this sketch, who was the third child in succession of birth.   Leaving home on attaining his majority, William A. Higley was employed for a while as clerk in a general store in Windham. In April, 1864, he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Seventy-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was first sent to Johnson's Island to guard Confederate soldiers. His regiment was subsequently assigned to Kentucky, to stop General Morgan's raiders, but he, being on detached duty, did not go with his comrades. Being honorably discharged from the service August 18, 1864, he returned to the home farm, and for a year or two was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Geneva, Ashtabula county. After his marriage in 1865 Mr. Higley lived with his wife's parents for a time, for a year thereafter being employed in a Cleveland dry goods store. He subsequently traveled for his brothers-in-law for a year, after which he was for seven years located in New York city, being commercial salesman for a firm dealing in silks, white goods, etc. He subsequently traveled in different parts of the country, selling white lead, paints and oils, continuing thus employed until 1893. Since that time, Mr. Higley has resided in Windham, where he has considerable property of value, owning several houses and lots and thirty-five acres of the original homestead.   On October 5, 1865, Mr. Higley married Elizabeth E. Scott, who was born in Freedom township, Portage county, a daughter of David and Sally P. (Marcy) Scott, the former of whom was born in Becket, Massachusetts, and the latter in Otis, Massachusetts. The parents settled in Freedom township in 1828, residing there until 186o, when they purchased a residence in Windham Center, and there spent the remaining years of their lives, Mrs. Scott dying August 1, 1876, aged sixty-nine years, and Mr. Scott, March 28, 1877, aged seventy-four years. Mrs. Higley died August 31, 19o8, leaving two children, namely : Luther Scott, of Cleveland, manager of the Standard Sewing Machine Company, and Josephine M., wife of Ernest W. Mallett, resides with her father. Mr. Higley is a member of the Congregational church, and in politics is a stanch Republican. He is an active member of the Earl Millikam Post, G. A. R., in which he has held all the offices.     SEWARD H. WILLIAMS has achieved success in his profession of the law, and is one of the leading attorneys of Lorain. He was born at Amsterdam, New York, November 7, 1870, a son of John J. and Maria Louise (Montague) Williams, both of whom were also born in New York, and the Williams family are of Welsh and the Montagues-- of French descent. John J. Williams is deceased, but his widow survives and is living in her native commonwealth of New York.   Seward Henry Williams grew to years of maturity in the city of Amsterdam, attending an academy there, and in the fall of 1889 he entered Williams College, but the death of his father two years later, in 1890, ended his studies there. He then took the preparatory law course at Princeton University, under Woodrow Wilson, now president of that university, and received his degree at Washington-Lee College, Virginia, under John Randolph Tucker, now dean of the law department of that institution, with the class of 1895. In that same year he began the practice of law at Lorain. He was a member of the board of education of Lorain during 1906-7, was the solicitor of Lorain in 1900-1, and in 1908 was again elected solicitor, serving until January 1, 1910. He is the secretary and treasurer of the Solicitors' Association of Ohio, and is now secretary of the Republican senatorial committee. In May, 1910, Mr. Williams received the nomination on the Republican ticket for representative to the general assembly of Ohio. He is a member of the Board of Commerce, and is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity.   Mr. Williams married, in Cleveland, September 29, 1897, Sarah Jeannette Reynolds, a daughter of John T. Reynolds, of Lorain, and they have two children, Seward Reynolds and Margarite Louise Williams.   JACOB COOLMAN, who is living in comfort and partial retirement on his fine country homestead one mile east of Seville, is one of the most substantial citizens of Medina county. He has been remarkably successful both as a   1644 - HISTORY OE THE WESTERN RESERVE   wheat and a tobacco grower, and for many years has been prominent as a Democrat and a leader in the public affairs of Guilford township. He was born in that part of the county, three miles east of Seville, on the 7th of July, 1843, and is a son of John and Anna (Kindig) Coolman. The father was born in Stark county, Ohio, April 17, 1815, and the mother was a native of Pennsylvania who came with her parents to the Buckeye state in her early childhood. George Coolman, the grandfather, who was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, migrated thence to Center county, where he married Susanna Emrich, also a native of the former county. In 1811 George Coolman moved to Stark county, where he served in the war of 1812 as a musician, one of his two enrollments being as a substitute for his brother. In the autumn of 1817 he located in Milton township, Wayne county, where he remained until the spring of 1826, which was the date of his coming to Guilford township. There he died in 1828 before he had made much progress in clearing his land. There were eight children then living. The eldest son developed the farm and finished the work left by his father, thus assuring an independence to the mother, who survived until November 17, 1880. John Coolman, who became the father of Jacob, commenced business for himself when he was eighteen years of age, and from the savings of his $io-a-month wages purchased his first farm of fifty four acres, at four dollars per acre. At the time it came into his possession it was covered with timber, with the exception of a small potato patch. At his marriage in February, 1836, he commenced domestic life on this farm and, with the able assistance of his good wife, eventually was the -owner of two hundred and twenty acres of land, albeit he had given considerable to his children as they reached maturity and became the heads of their own households. John Coolman was a man who ever retained the confidence of his associates, his honesty being an inseparable companion of his ability. He held the administratorship of many estates ; was a guardian to the widow and orphan and for twenty-eight years served as justice of the peace. His wife died November 1, 1874, having borne six children, four of whom lived to maturity---Jacob, Ephraim, Sarah and Susanna. All of the family were members of the Lutheran church, which Mr. Coolman joined when he was eighteen years of age and in which he was an elder for many years.   Jacob Coolman, of this sketch, was educated in the district school and the Seville High School. He remained on the home farm until he was twenty-one years of age, when he became an independent agriculturist as well as a worker in a saw mill one year. In 1864 he bought fifty acres of land in Guilford township, upon which he settled after his marriage in 1868 and remained for six years. After selling that property he bought one hundred acres and turned his attention to general farming and stock raising, being at times one of the leading growers of wheat and tobacco in Medina county, besides always keeping his farm well stocked with cattle, horses and sheep. Like his honored father, Mr. Cool-man's solid standing as a man and a citizen is both of a private and a public nature. In politics a Democrat, his public service has been impartial is every respect, which, with his evident ability, has held him continuously in office for many years. He has held the office of assessor .in Guilford township for two decades and has been a member of the school board for seven years, a portion of the time as president. He and his wife are connected with the First Lutheran church, of which he has been a trustee for a number of years.   Mr. Coolman has been twice married—first, in 1868, to Miss Lovina Zigler, of Milton township, Wayne county, daughter of Samuel and Caroline (Nicholas) Zigler. There were born of this union Orrin and Warren (twins) and Willis E., all prosperous farmers. Mr. Coolman wedded as his second wife Miss Lucy Shook, daughter of John Shook, also of Wayne county, Ohio, and the two children by this marriage are Edith L. and Clara T., the latter being a stenographer in the little town of Seville, Ohio.   RAYMOND W. AUSTIN, of Lorain, was born in Cowlesville, Wyoming county, New York, March 4, 1872. He is a son of Ira and Adeline (Bachelder) Austin, the former a native of Wyoming. county, New York, and the latter of Genesee county, same state. The father of Ira Austin, John Austin, was also born in New York, and the father of his wife, Hilliard Bachelder, was a native of Vermont. The Austin family originally came from Connecticut, and Ira Austin and his wife were married in New York ; he died in 1895, in Cowlesville, at the age of seventy-seven years, and his widow now resides at Cowlesville, New York.   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1645   Raymond Wright Austin was reared in Cowlesville, and there received a common school education. At the age of seventeen he moved to Lorain and began work for Breckenridge & Ely, general merchants, and he and Mr. Charles M. Irish purchased the business when the steel plant was built, in 1895. They established a branch on Pearl street in South Lorain, and they conducted the two stores four years, at the end of which time they dissolved partnership, as Mr. Irish then became county treasurer. Mr. Austin has successfully conducted the South Lorain store since ; in 1905 the business was incorporated into The Austin-Wright Grocery Company, and. January 3 of that year Mr. Austin and Herbert G. Crisp established a wholesale and retail cigar and tobacco establishment on Pearl street, at the car line, which was incorporated in 1909 as The Austin Cigar Company, of which Mr. Austin became president and treasurer.   Besides his mercantile interests, Mr. Austin is a director in the City Bank of South Lorain, and is a director in the Penfield Avenue Savings Bank of Lorain. Fraternally he is a thirty-second degree member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and also belongs to the Knights of Pythias. He is also a member of the Board of Commerce. Politically Mr. Austin is a supporter of the Republican party. He is a prominent citizen and a keen, successful business man, and has a wide circle of friends.   Mr. Austin married Josephine L., daughter of George Raymond, who was born in Cleveland, Ohio.   NEWTON N. REESE.—An old Union soldier, a prominent farmer and a public spirited citizen of Sharon township, Newton N. Reese was born in Sharon, Medina county, on the 2nd of April, 1845. His parents were Jacob N. and Jane S. (Phelps) Reese, the father being born in Montgomery county, New York, January 26, 1814. The paternal grandparents were Nicholas Reese, of the latter county, and Anna (Putnam) Reese, who was of a good New England family. The grandfather was a farmer and in 1834 moved from Montgomery county to Middlebury, Summit county, Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his life of seventy-five years. His widow died in October, 1872, having reached her eighty-second year. Jacob Reese has also always followed farming pursuits, removing to Medina county in the spring of 1837. On December 31, 1835, he had married Miss Jane S. Phelps, daughter of William and Aurelia Phelps. Mrs. Reese was born in Vermont, May 22, 1815, her parents coming to Ohio from Vermont in 1819, and to Wadsworth township, Medina county, in 1836. By the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob N. Reese the following twelve children were born : Aurelia A. William J., Elizabeth J., Newton N. Lucia V., John B., Jacob L., Clara J., J. C. Freemont, Frederick S. and Frank S. (twins), and Gertrude J. John died February 14, 1854; Frederick died October 28, 186o, and J. C. Freemont, April 20, 1875. All the children married and the two eldest sons served in the Civil war. The father of this large and honorable family was not only a successful farmer, but gave his township most useful service as justice of the peace and trustee.   Newton N., of this biography, obtained a district school education, remaining on the home farm until his eighteenth year, when he enlisted in Company G, Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Colonel W. C. Lemert commanding. He took part in all the marches and battles the regiment was in, the earlier part of his military service being spent in Kentucky and Tennessee. He passed the winter of 1863-4 at Cumberland Gap, where he received the wound from which he has suffered all his life. A short time since he consented to have an operation performed and went to St. Luke's hospital, Cleveland, where he was operated on May 11, 1909. He served in the army until his discharge. About two years previously Mr. Reese belonged to the Wadsworth Grays.   In 1864 he had married Miss Maria Beck, of River Styx, a daughter of Joseph L. and Elizabeth (Long.) Beck, and soon after his return from the front commenced farming in Sharon township, this.county. He has followed in the footsteps of his father, in that he has performed the duties of good citizenship by devoting a portion of his time to public matters. At different times he has served as trustee of both Westfield and Montville townships ; has taken a practical interest in the construction of good roads throughout the country (having built three and a half miles of macadamized road from Leroy to Seville) ; and, as the owner of productive property in town and country, has the good sense to do his share in maintaining an economical and efficient township government. The old, trying and stirring days of the Civil war are also   1646 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   periodically revived by his associations with the comrades of H. Post No. 168, G. A. R. Mr. and Mrs. Newton N. Reese have four children, as follows : Mellville R., who is now a telegraphic operator with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ; Minnie, who married T. C. Laughlin ; Janette, wife of Elvin Thompson, of Millersburg; and Maggie, who is Mrs. Frank Standen, a resident of Chippewa Lake.   DANIEL LEATHERMAN, an intelligent and prosperous farmer and a useful citizen who resided on one of his farms near Seville, Medina county, was the son of a widely known pioneer who was prominently identified with the early wheat growing and saw mill industry of that section of the Western Reserve. He was born on the old Leatherman homestead in Guilford township January 21, 1840, and was a son of Abraham and Hannah (Landis) Leatherman. His father was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in August, 1808, and his wife was a native of the same county, born in the year 1810. In 1832 Abraham Leatherman went through the forest by wagon from Bucks county to Guilford township, and after buying 107 acres of land cleared a small space and built a log house thereon, consisting of two rooms and a pantry. Gradually the timber growth was cleared from the strong rich soil, the land cultivated, and a substantial dwelling and farm buildings erected. Abraham Leatherman became one of the most prosperous farmers and respected citizens of the county, and his place of 164 acres not only produced some of the largest wheat crops of the neighborhood, but was well stocked with horses, sheep and cattle. In 1843 he also built a saw mill on Center creek, furnishing the timber for many of the buildings of his day and vicinity. He operated this plant for twenty-two years, but the water power gradually failed with the general clearing of the wooded land and the drying up of the supply, and in 1865 the mill was abandoned and fell into ruins. Abraham Leatherman died September 12, 1871, his wife having preceded him in 1849. Nine children were born to them as follows : Jacob, deceased Elizabeth, who died in her eighteenth year ; Henry, who resides in Michigan ; Mary, who died in her fourteenth year ; Daniel, of this sketch ; Hannah and Anna, both deceased ; Susanna, who lives in Allen county, Ohio ; and one who died in infancy. The parents were both members of the first Mennonite church in Guilford township.   Daniel Leatherman obtained his education by attending the district school of his neighborhood in the winter months and remained on his father's farm as an industrious worker until he was twenty-one years of age. He then learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for a number of years, and was the builder of not a few of the substantial residences and farm structures of the township. At the death of his father in 1871 he inherited a portion of the old homestead, to which he added eighty acres. He was also the owner of a farm of 164 acres which he rented to his brother-in-law, J. B. Overholt. He himself was engaged in general farming for many years and has added to the family reputation as a most successful raiser of wheat. He was not only a scientific farmer, but well read on general topics and was a very intelligent man and an influential citizen. In general politics he was a Republican, but in local matters, independent. Naturally interested in educational matters, he served for many years as a member of the school board. He died December 21, 1909, respected and honored by all who knew him.   Mr. Leatherman married Miss Esther Zimmerman, of Chamberlain county, Pennsylvania, second daughter of Martin and Anna (Hess) Zimmerman. The two children of this union are Mary, now the wife of Edward G. Kuhn, a well-to-do farmer, and Emma, who married Charles Candler, who is connected with the faculty of Oxford (Ohio) College.   MYRON A. STEARNS is the present trustee of Ridgeville township, his home since 1883, and he is one of the community's influential and well known agriculturists, business men and public officials. He was born at Olmstead in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, February 27, 1851, a son of Elijah and Hannah (Madison) Stearns, who were born respectively in the states of Vermont and New York. Elijah Stearns and his father came to the Western Reserve in 1819, the latter buying 1,000 acres of land in Cuyahoga county and then returning to his old Vermont home, where he spent the remainder of his life. He therefore never settled in the Western Reserve, but he divided his large land holdings in Olmstead township among his children. Elijah Stearns also returned to Vermont after his trip to the west in 1819, but a year later came again to Cuyahoga county and settled on his land in Olmstead township, both he and his wife ending   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1647   their days there and becoming prominent among its residents.   Myron A. Stearns remained on this homestead farm until 1878, buying then a place in Eaton township, Lorain county, which he farmed until 1883, the year in which he came to Ridgeville township and purchased the Joseph Rollin farm. This estate has ever since been his home. Mr. Stearns secured a good common school education, and in his younger days he taught school at Dover in Cuyahoga county. Since his residence in Ridgeville township he has been active and prominent in public affairs, and in 1899 was elected the township trustee, serving four years and in was returned to the office and is its present incumbent. He is at the present time a candidate for the office of real estate assessor. He has attained a high place in the fraternal order of Maccabees, and has been for nine years record keeper of Tent No. 17, and has also been a representative to the Great Camp since the organization of that body. He was present and assisted in the organization of this Great Camp, and he has become one of the leading members of the Maccabees order in Lorain county. He is also a member of the Woodmen of the World and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.   Mr. Stearns married first Josephine Rollin, who was born in Lorain county, a daughter of Joseph Rollin. One child, Adeline M., now the wife of Arthur Cheesman and residing in Elyria, was born to them. He married for his second wife Mary Lounsbrough, born in Elyria, a daughter of John Lounsbrough, deceased. A daughter, Mildred, has been born of this union.   EDWARD A. BRAUN, a well known citizen of Lorain, cashier of the National Bank of Commerce, was born in Lorain January 7, 1867. He is a son of John and Catherine Braun, both natives of Germany, who came to the United States in their youth, the mother in 1842. John Braun died when Edward was but nine days old, and when he was about five years of age his mother married John Stang, who died in 1899. Mr. Stang was a railroad and government contractor. Mrs. Stang still lives in Lorain, and is now in her eighty-fourth year.   Edward A. Braun was reared in Lorain, where he attended public school ; he graduated from the Lorain high school in June, 1885. He began his business career as clerk in the First National Bank of Lorain, beginning work Saturday morning after his graduation on Friday. He remained with this bank and its successor, the Citizens Savings Bank, for fifteen years, during which time he reached the position of cashier. In 1900 Mr. Braun organized the National Bank of Commerce, of which he became cashier, in which position he has since continued. He is a member of the sinking fund board, and was a councilman-at-large for five years. He is a member of the Board of Commerce, in which he is a director, and was a member of the old Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Braun is a level-headed, keen man of business, and his sound judgment in affairs of finance is unquestioned. He has had valuable business experience, and his methods are up-to-date and practical.   Fraternally Mr. Braun is affiliated with the Masonic Order and the Knights of Pythias. He married Anna Mackay, who was born in Durham, Canada, and to them two children have been born, Helen Katherine and Boynton Louis.   GEORGE P. LEE spent his life in Medina county, and was during many years one of the best known agriculturists of Guilford township, his birthplace on August 6, 1840. His father, the late Henry Lee, was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, August 30, 1812, and was a son of John and Sarah (Lance) Lee, who came to Wayne county in 1821, where they underwent the usual hardships and privations that fall to the lot of early settlers. Their son Henry received but little schooling, and the experiences he obtained while helping develop his father's farm fitted him for the task of clearing and developing his own, the one on which he lived for so many years in Medina county. He bought this place in 1833, and in 1836 he married Elenora Bowen, who was born in Pennsylvania December 8, 1819, and had come to Wayne county in her youth. The dense forest of trees which covered his land at the time of purchase Mr. Lee cleared away as soon as possible, and by a lifetime of industry created a valuable and productive property. but for some few years before his death he lived a retired life, enjoying the reward that usually follows a well spent and industrious manhood. Both he and his wife were members of the Baptist church.   George P. Lee remained under the parental roof until his marriage in 1864 to Aldisa, a daughter of R. B. and Caroline (Miller)   1648 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE   Squires, of this township. This place continued as the home of Mr. Lee during the remainder of his life, and he erected thereon substanfial and tasteful buildings, and surrounded the home with many attractions. Among these improvements is found one of the finest orchards in Medina county, and other evidences of thrift and industry. When twenty years old Mr. Lee learned the trade of a broom-maker, and he ever afterward followed that occupation with favorable results. He was an earnest advocate of the cause of temperance and a valued member of the Baptist church, which he was serving as a trustee at the time of his death on July 4, 1903. His political allegiance was given to the Republican party.   The marriage union of Mr. and Mrs. Lee was blessed by the birth of the following children : Judson (deceased), Chester R., Richard, Grace, Bertie and Ernest. Mr. Lee gave to his children a 'good and thorough education, wisely considering that of more value than riches. Since his death Mrs. Lee has resided in the little city of Seville, where she owns a pleasant residence, and she also has a farm of 101 acres in Guilford township. She has won and retained many friends in this community during her long and useful life, a life devoted to home and family and to the well being of those about her.   WATSON HUBBARD.—Among the men who came to Sandusky during the early years of its history and spent their lives within its borders and labored for its upbuilding and improvement is prominently numbered Watson Hubbard. He was born at Bloomfield in Hartford county, Connecticut, in 1819, born to Jacob and Ruth (Brown) Hubbard, who were also from that state. It was in 1861 that Watson Hubbard came to Sandusky and Erie county, where he had extensive interests in the lumber business, and he also owned several large saw mills in Michigan, but in 1872 he lost very heavily in that state on account of disastrous fires. His lumber interests in Sandusky embraced both the wholesale and retail trade. For several years before his death he lived comparatively retired, but was associated with the Second National Bank of Sandusky as its vice president. He built the first dock ever erected on Lake Huron, it having been fashioned after his own ideas and carried out under his supervision. He was a stanch and true Democrat, a Mason and an attendant and supporter of the Episcopal church.   In Connecticut in 1846 he married Miss Georgiana A. Holcombe, also from Hartford county, that state, born to Daniel B. and Sarah (Case) Holcombe, from Connecticut. Of the three children born to Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard the only one now living is a daughter, Elizabeth H. Butler, who resides in Sandusky.   JAMES F. STACK.—A well known business man of Lorain, Lorain county, energetic and earnest of purpose, James F. Stack has for many years been prominently identified with the best interests of this part of the Western Reserve and is now rendering the city of Lorain appreciated service as a member of its board of public service and as yard foreman of the Lorain plant of the American Shipbuilding Company is associated with one of its leading industries. A son of Patrick Stack, he was born May 18, 187o, at Wickliffe, near Cleveland, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, of Irish ancestry. Patrick Stack came to this country when young and located in Ohio, where he subsequently married a fair Irish lassie, Mary Brennen, who had come to the Western Reserve with her parents. She died in 1876, and he is now living in Cleveland, retired from active pursuits.   Spending his boyhood days in Jefferson, Ashtabula county, James F. Stack received his early education in the public schools. Going to Pennsylvania at the age of thirteen years, he worked for a truck gardener two years, the following year being employed in the Saxe and Kirkpatrick Ginger Ale Works in Cleveland. In 1886 Mr. Stack entered the employ of the Cleveland Shipbuilding Company, taking a place in the stock room. He made rapid progress in his labors, being from time to time promoted, at the end of six years being made foreman. In 1897 he came with the company to Lorain as foreman of the yard in this city, and when this firm and the Globe Shipbuilding Company were merged into the American Shipbuilding Company he continued his position with the new organization as foreman of the yard. Thus Mr. Stack is now serving his twenty-third consecutive year with the same company, a record of service reflecting great credit and distinction on his ability, fidelity and trustworthiness.   Mr. Stack has long been prominent in Republican circles and in the municipal affairs of Lorain. In 1904 he was elected to represent the Third ward in the city council, and served a year. On January 1, 1905, he became a   HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 1649   member of the public service board, and is still serving in that capacity. He is a member of the Board of Commerce, of the Business Mens' Club, and for the past nine years has belonged to the Lorain fire department. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Knights of Pythias and of the Knights of Maccabees.   Mr. Stack married Ida Eilbert, who was born in Wyandotte, Michigan, a daughter of the late William Eilbert, and they have two children, Irene Elizabeth and Roy William.   CAPTAIN THOMAS C. MCGEE, who died at his home in Sandusky many years ago, will-be remembered by the older residents of this city as a sailor and as a well known and honored resident of Sandusky. He was born in Washington county, New York, May 16, 18o8, a son of Thomas and Ann (Martin) McGee, who also had their nativity in the Empire state. They came to Sandusky in May of 1818, and they spent the remainder of their lives in this city, the father dying in 1834 of cholera, and the mother passed away in the year of 1877.   Captain McGee began sailing on the lakes in about 1832, receiving at that time a contract for furnishing rocks for the jetties, and in time he became the owner of three boats; two being named the Louisa Judson and the Platina. He continued as the captain of those boats for a number of years, freighting between Detroit and Buffalo, and from 1860 to 1864 he ran.between Detroit, Michigan, and Ogdensburg, New York, under a government contract to furnish the light houses with supplies. For a number of years afterward he had charge of the custom house, and he then retired from his active seafaring life and located on his farm of fourteen acres on Hayes avenue, where he was engaged in the raising of fruit until coming to Sandusky in 1882. He died in this city on September 30, 1889, when eighty-one years of age. He was one of the historic characters of this community, and from a diary which he kept it is found that he visited Sandusky as early as 1821, going then into the house once occupied by Buel and Gibbs, who had been killed by the Indians in about 1811, and he remained there for three years. He was a stanch supporter of the Republican party, taking an active part in its local councils, and during his eleven years' membership of the board of street commissioners he assisted in the laying out and building of many of the thoroughfares of Sandusky.   In 1878 Captain, McGee married Miss Ellinor Ward, a daughter of Abraham and Anna (Rogers) Ward, both of whom were born in the state of New York. He had previously wedded, in September, 1832, Rosemond Ward,. a daughter of John and Rosemond (Whitford) Ward, also from New York.   WILLIAM STOLZENBURG, a leading general contractor of Elyria, was born in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany, September 1 1, 1862.. He received his education in the public schools of his native country, and after his confirmation in the Lutheran church attended night school four times a week for three years, taking second premium for scholarship the first year, first premium the second and also received honors the third year. Following this he served an apprenticeship of three years at the trade of carpenter, and worked at it for one year in various German cities. He immigrated to the United States in 1883, and located at Elyria, Ohio. For a time he worked at his trade, but in 1885 began general contracting on his own account, which he has since continued, increasing the size and importance of his enterprise from year to year. He has erected some 400 buildings in Elyria, including business blocks and houses and some of the finest residences in the city.   In municipal affairs and politics Mr. Stolzenburg has taken active interest ; for eighteen years he served as a member of the volunteer hook and ladder company of the fire department, and was appointed assistant chief of the department, which post he resigned in 1907, when he was elected city councilman-at-large, which office he still fills. He belongs to the Elyria Builders' Exchange and also to the Chamber of Commerce, and has become a prominent and influential citizen of the city. For eighteen years he served as trustee of St. John's Lutheran church, and is now serving a term of three years as head cashier of the church.   Mr. Stolzenburg married, in Elyria, in 1883, Augusta Bobzien, a native of the same state in Germany as himself, and to them have been born the following children : Albert M., manager of the carpet department in the Smith Arcade store in Elyria, married Florence Barnhardt, of Elyria ; Christian C., a machinist in the employ of Garford Manufacturing Company, married Hattie Peaters, of Elyria ; William H., a sharpshooter in Company G, Seventh Regiment United States Regular