CHAPTER XIX. TRUMBULL. COUNTY. Trumbull county was the first county organized on the Reserve, and the seventh in the state. Its area was reduced from an original of two-hundred and eighteen townships to its twenty-five. It is a perfect square. Its eastern boundary is Pennsylvania, its southern, Mahoning county; its western, Portage and Geauga, and its northern Ashtabula.. In the beginning, Trumbull comprised all the territory of the Western Reserve, and its early history is found largely in 'the first chapters of this work. At its county seat are all the early records of the Western Reserve, and interesting documents they are. QUINBY AND STORER "HAVE A LOOK." In 1798 Ephraim Quinby (his 'grandson, George Quinby, now resides in Warren) and Richard Storer, residents of Washington county, Pennsylvania, having heard of the new territory opened up to purchasers, came on horseback to "have a look." It was fall, the creeks were swollen, and the trip a hard one. They speak of Yellow Creek in Poland, the woods beyond Salt Springs, more dense woods, and then number four. As we have seen, people had been at Salt .Springs, traders had passed back and forth through number four, Indians had cleared spots of land there, but no white settlers were yet established, although in 1798 the Connecticut Land Company had voted some $300 for erecting works at the Springs. A hale old fellow of about sixty years, known as old Merriman, lived in close companionship with the Indians, but he was in no sense a resident. James McMahon was a "squatter." He had 'a wife, two or three children, and lived in a sort of a shack. Early settlers do not seem to have respected him very highly. As related, John Young had built a cabin back of the present Wanamaker residence at the south end of the present Main street bridge, and here Quinby and Storer took up their residence. They were not the first to occupy this place during Mr. Young's absence. Men who were trading with the Indians and the whites at Detroit, planned to stay all night, or several nights in this building, on their journey to and from Pittsburg. There were several clearings round about, one covering about twenty acres where the lower part of the present "Flats" is, and some sixty acres on the land so long known as the Fusselman farm. QUINBY AND STORER "SETTLE." Although this was not a very pleasant season of the year, the two men seemed to be well satisfied and each decided on the purchase of property. Mr. Quinby selected 441 acres of land in lots 28 and 35. This really included a goodly part of what is now Warren, running south and west. For this he paid $3.69 per acre, so that the present court-house yard cost him about $16.00. Mr. Quinby and Mr. Storer went home for the winter, and returned about the middle of April, 1799. This is the real date of the settlement of Warren. - 150 - HISTORY OF: THE WESTERN RESERVE - 151 OTHER EARLY SETTLERS: Aside from Mr. Quinby and Mr. Storer, William Fenton, wife and child, Francis Carlton and his children, John "William, Margaret and Peter, came with them. We presume Mrs. Carlton accompanied Francis, since it is not at all likely that he would bring his children into the wilderness without a .mother. Her name is not mentioned. William Fenton and his family lived in the cabin where. McMahon had lived, the latter moving into the outhwest corner of Howland. As no streets were laid out, as the whole level of the land has been changed, it is not absolutely certain whether this cabin stood where the Second National Bank now stands, or on the river hank hack of the present Byard & Voit store. At any rate, it is not far distant from either.- Wherever it stood, it was the first building erected in what is now the business portion of the town. Mr. Storer put up a cabin on the old Fusselman ground, and Mr. Quinby erected a log building about where the Main Street Erie Station stands. This dwelling had two rooms, bedroom and kitchen. A third room was raised during this first summer but it was not furnished until the next year and was used as a jail. EPHRAIM QUINBY Ephraim Quinby was born in New Jersey in 1766; married Ammi Blackmore of Brownsville in 1795 ; settled in Washington county and founded Warren in 1799 as above stated. He was a man of great integrity, interested In the prosperity of. the new country and: connected with all of the early history of Warren. That this founder and philanthropist should have been forgotten by the descendants of his companions is almost inexcusable, He gave land upon which the court house stands; upon which the first. jail and the first city building were built, the whole tract that skirts the river from the west side of the Market street bridge to the Quinby homestead land, and yet not one monument, park, bronze tablet, or street, except a small, unimportant one, bears his name. The present Tod avenue ran through his farm and should have been called Quinby street. Some time ago an effort was made to change Parkman street to Quinby. People residing on that street objected. They were new people and had not been taught by the press and the older citizens who Mr. Quinby was or how much all residents was indebted to him. For many years the land west of the river, in the neighborhood of West Market street, was known as Quinby Hill, but even that term has been obliterated by "the West Side." It would seem exceedingly appropriate to call the land between the river and Main street, upon which the city hall and the monument stands, Quinby Park. After Mr. Quinby took up his residence in -Warren he had eight children, Elizabeth, 'William, Mary G., James, Warren, Ephraim, Charles A., and George. Ammi Quinby died in, 1833. Nancy, the oldest daughter, married Joseph Larwell, of Wooster, and lived to be more than a hundred years old. Mary married Mr. Spellman and lived at Wooster. She was the second child born in Warren township. Elizabeth, who married Dr. Heaton, lived and died in Warren. William, at one time recorder of Trumbull county as well as a merchant lived all his life in Warren. James a merchant, lived in New Lisbon. George lived in Wooster and acquired a great fortune. Warren and Samuel lived in Warren, as did also Charles. Ephraim Quinby was not only a real estate dealer and a farmer, but an associate judge. He was one of the original stockholders in the Western Reserve Bank. He and his family were members of the early Baptist church, and but for his influence and that of his family connections this church might have gone out of existence. Ephraim Quinby's children and his grandchildren married into some of the oldest families in the county, and he has today a large number of collateral descendants. His son Samuel was a very prosperous man and occupied the same place in the community as 152 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE his father had before him. He was a member of several of the early business houses, was publisher of the Trump of Fame, was the receiver of moneys derived from the sale of public lands, and when the land office for this district was at Wooster, Ohio, he lived there. He returned to Warren in 184o. He was secretary and treasurer of the Ohio and Pennsylvania Canal and was director of the Western Reserve Bank in 1817. He was always interested in politics, was state senator in '44 and '45 and again in '.62 and '63. In 1819 he married Lucy Potter of Steubenville, Ohio. He had two daughters, Elizabeth (who married William Stiles, Lucy Stiles Cobb being her daughter, and Elizabeth Cobb, her granddaughter) and Abagail _Haymaker, who is still living at Wooster. Mrs. Lucy Quinby died and Mr. Quinby in 1847 married Emma Bennett Brown, a widow, and a sister of Mrs. C. W. Tyler, and Mrs. Emily Bennett Hutchins the former being the widow of Calvin Sutliff. George H. Quinby was a son by the second marriage and 'has lived all his life in Warren, and until within a few years in the old Quinby home. The mother of Ephraim Quinby was Miss Rittenhouse. .Her people built and operated the first printing press west of the Alleghany mountains. They made telescopes, lighthouses, etc. She was interred in the Oakwood cemetery among the first who were laid away there. SECOND PARTY OF SETTLERS. The second party to come to Warren was also from Washington county. It consisted of Henry. Lane Sr., two of his grandchildren, the children of. Benjamin (Benjamin Lane and Lina Lane Greiner live in Warren now), John Lane, Edward Jones, stepson of John Lane, and Meshack Case (the Misses Mary and Harriet Stevens, the granddaughters of Mr. Case, have resided in Warren all their lives). Of these two parties, Mr. Quinby, Mr. Lane and Mr. Case, afterwards, by themselves and their descendants, figured prominently in' the development of 'Warren. Henry Lane, Sr., who died in 1844 at the age of 78, bought land in the lower part of town, a portion of which has been in the family ever since. The son, John Lane, and Edward Jones, planted corn and lived in the Young cabin. Mr. Case made no selection of land at the time he came. His decisions and those of his son and grandson were usually judicious and were not arrived at without careful thought. He returned to Washington county but came back again in August, when he bought 198 acres of Richard Storer. He cleared two acres and put up a cabin, went back . to Washington county in September for his family. FIRST SETTLERS FROM CONNECTICUT. Ebenezer King, Jr., John Leavitt, and William Crooks and wife, all of Connecticut, the two former owning land in this new country, came during the summer of 1799. King and Leavitt made only a short stay. These were the first settler's from Connecticut. Crooks raised a cabin, made a clearing, in the western part of the present Warren township, and sowed wheat. This is supposed to have been the first wheat raised in the township, probably within the present limits of Trumbull county. In the fall, Mr. Henry Lane Sr. brought with him his son, Benjamin, a boy of fourteen. On the horse which the lad rode 'were one hundred little apple trees, which were immediately set out. These bore apples for many years, and some are still standing, one in the yard of Mr. Charles Wanamaker on South Main street, Mr. Lane and both his sons went home for the winter. The Young cabin, which was now occupied more or less most of the time, was taken possession of in the fall by Edward Jones, whose wife had joined him. Up to this. time all the settlers had been from Washington county, Pennsylvania. In September, Benjamin Davison (the great-grandfather of Mr. S. C. Iddings) of Huntingdon, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, bought land below the Fusselman farm next to Mr. Case. He HISTORY OF THE WESTERN ESERVE - 153 put up a cabin and went home when the weather became cold. Sometime during this year, range number four began to be called. Warren in honor of Moses Warren, the surveyor who ran. the third range line. Quinby and Storer in the autumn went to Washington county for their families and as soon as the ground was thoroughly frozen, returned with them. During the last days of the year of 1799 people lihisg in Warren were, Ephraim Quinby, hiS wife Ammi, children Nancy, Samuel, and William (William six months old, rode with mother) ; Richard Storer, his wife and three children ; Francis Carolton, John, William, Margaret and Peter, his children; William Fenton, wife and two children ; Edand wifees and wife ; William Crooks and.wife ; Jonathan and Josiah Church. There were two or three workmen who are mentioned as "hands," but when counting all, there were not more than thirty people: HOWLAND TOWNSHIP SETTLED. Warren is situated so far east in the township that people on the west edge of Howland have been associated from the beginning with Warren people. In 1799 John H. Adgate settled in the southwest corner of Howland township, and from that day to this some of is descendants have lived in that neighborhood. His grandson John is associated with is son Frank in the greenhouse business. The early Adgates had large ,families and these descendants married into old families, so that there have been at times over fifty people living in Trumbull county who were connected with the early Adgate family. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Jones bought land on the west allysf the river where some of the Dallys lived for many years. Here •as born the first child in the township, possibly in the county. her name was Hannah, and her grandmother was Mrs. Henry Lane, who was a widow when Mr. Lane married r. Some writers Say that a son of Mr. Jones was the first white child born in this territory, but this is an error. Hannah married William Dutchin and died early, 1820. HENRY LANE AND FAMILY. In the springtime of 1800 came Henry Lane Sr., his wife, and their children, John, Benjamin, Asa, Catherine, Annie, and Henry Jr., who was one of the oldest of the children and who was married/ At this time came also Charles Dally, Jennie, his wife, and several children ; Isaac Dally, Effie, his wife, and several children ; John Dally, wife and child ; Meshack Case, Magdalen, his wife, Elizabeth ; Leonard, Catherine, Mary, Sarah. Henry Lane was a remarkable man for his time. He had the respect of his associates, was elected to the legislature, and materially aided in the development of Warren. He was a man of remarkable physical strength. It was said he could whip any man in the county,. and that whenever anybody offered tole too full of whiskey and offered to "clean out" the crowd, he always excluded Henry Lane. He was present at the Salt Springs tragedy but took no part in it. On several occasions when the Indians were disturbing, he was in the party resenting the attack. At one time Mr. Lane had been after the Indians and learning that they were in a very bad mood, he returned to his house (which was nearer to the Salt Spring trail than those of some other settlers) to look after his family. Gathering them together they all started for a place of safety when the wife remembered that one of the children had been in the garden. She therefore ran, found her asleep, picked her up, and they all proceeded. A little way from the house was a cornfield, and here the family hid. Suddenly they realized that one of the little girls was missing. The mother felt sure that she too_ was in the garden, so the father left the family in the field and went back for the girl. Sure enough she had been sleeping in the garden, but the Indians a soon as Mr. and Mrs. Lane were out 154 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE of reach, had scalped her. It does not seem possible to us of today, as we drive on the old state road over the shallow Mahoning, that the time ever was when a gentle little girl, in her father's garden on the bank of that river, could have lost her life at the hands of a red man with his tomahawk. Mr. Lane had to leave the body lying there in order to protect his family and, huddling them together, he bid them march to the fort (just where this was the writer does not know nor do the members of the family who tell this tale) between two and three miles distant while he, with his gun in hand, walked backwards in order to keep his eye on the enemy which was following. It is pleasant to record no harm came to the rest of the party. Of Henry Lane's children, Henry was connected with the early business life of Warren. Facts in regard to him will be found in the chapter on old homes. Asa returned to Pennsylvania in 1820 and died there. Catherine married John Tait, of Lordstown ; Annie married Samuel Phillips, of Austin-town. John married Mary Caldwell of Mansfield, living there a short time and coming back to Weathersfield where he engaged in farming. He spent the last days in Warren. Benjamin, who came on horseback bearing the apple trees, was not married until he was fifty-six, that is, in 1841. His wife was Hannah Cook, an English woman. They had three children, Henry J., who lived on the old farm, was always interested in family traditions and now lives in Kansas ; Benjamin F., who married Mary Ackley of Bloomfield and has three daughters and a son ; and Lina, who married Samuel Greiner and resides in Warren. She has no children. Mrs. Lane died when Lina was a baby and Miss Tait, of Lords-town, gave her a mother's attention and a mother's love. Mr. Lane built an additon to the Young cabin. This was standing within the remembrance of people born as late as 1850. THE CASE FAMILY. As the family of Meshack Case preserve their records, writers of the history of Trumbull county, from the beginning have been able to quote from the manuscript of Leonard Case as follows : "The usual incidents attended the trip until crossing the south line of the Reserve, at 41st north latitude. From there to Yellow Creek, in Poland, was a very muddy road, called the swamp. At Poland the settlement had been begun. Judge Turhand Kirtland and family were living on the east side; and Jonathan Fowler and his wife, who was a sister of the judge, kept tavern on the west side. Thence our way was through the woods to the dwelling of a family named Stevens, who had been .there three years or more. At their house we. stayed over night. The wife's name was Hannah, and with her our family had been Previously acquainted. She said that during those two years she had not seen the face of a white woman. Two children had been born in this family at the crossing of the river near Youngstown, before April, 1800. Next morning we passed up the west side of the river (for. want of means to cross it) to the place where James Hillman lived on the high ground over against Youngstown ; thence through the woods over the road made by the Connecticut Land Company, to the Salt Springs. At that place some settlers, Joseph McMahon among the rest, were engaged in making salt. From there we passed (through woods) to the cabin and clearing which Benjamin Davison had made on the north one-half of Lot 42 then on, one quarter of a mile, to a path that turned east to the Fusselman place, on the south one-half of Lot 35, and thence to the residence of Richard Storer, arriving there at 4:00' p. m. on April 14. After our passage through the woods and mud, the leeks on the Indian field made a most beautiful appearance." The Case family was of Holland extraction, HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE- 155 mixed with Irish blood. Of the family, Elizabeth married James Ellis, removed to Kentucky and when a widow returned here, where. she passed the rest of her days. Catherine married Daniel Kerr of Painesville, where they were identified with the early history of that town. Mary married Benjamin Stevens, spent her whole life in Warren, was a teacher, a musician, an excellent mother and citizen. Sarah married Cyrus Bosworth and spent all her life in Warren near the spot which her father chose for the family home. Jane : died in childhood ; Zophar resided in Cleveland ; Leonard was the best known of: the family, probably because of a misfortune which overtook him shortly after he came to Trumbull county. It was indeed a misfortune, because at that time it was necessary for men to be able to perform hard physical labor. Leonard Case was lame and soon made up his mind that if he was going to take a place in the world he would have to make unusual effort. He became a clerk in the land office; was associated with General Simon Perkins as clerk, read and studied constantly, prepared himself for surveying. The work which he did was so exact that John S. Edwards, the first county recorder, induced him to study law. This he did in addition to his regular work. He soon acquired much knowledge concerning the Connecticut Land Company, the Western Reserve. and when he became collector of taxes of non-residents he added to his knowledge. In 1816 when the Commercial Bank of Lake Erie was formed, Mr. Case was elected cashier. James Kingsbury, of whom we read in the first chapters of this history, recommended Mr: Case to this position because he wrote. a good hand and was a good accountant. Cleveland was then a small town and his business did not occupy all his attention. He never was a trial lawyer, but he used his knowledge in adjusting business differences, particularly as to land, was frugal, and .bought land so that at his death he was one of the rich men of Cleveland. He was at one time mayor of Cleveland, and later an alderman. In 1820 the bank failed, but was afterwards reorganized and Leonard Case was its president. Among the first frame warehouses that were put up on the river front was one erected by Mr. Case. He had two sons, William, who was a student and somewhat of a recluse, and who died without marrying, and Leonard Jr., who inherited the property of his father and displayed such business qualities as to add largely to it. Leonard, Jr., was a genial man, popular with a few friends. He left a large amount of money to his relatives, besides endowing the Case School of Applied Sciences, Case Library, and contributing generously to philanthropic work in Cleveland. He never lived in Warren and is therefore not identified with Trumbull county history except through family connections. In the spring of 1800 Benjamin Davison, with his wife Annie, and a large family, set-* tled in Warren. The names of these children were George Liberty, Mary, Prudence, Ann, Samuel, William, Walter, James, Betsey, and Benjamin. Mary, the eldest daughter, married Samuel Chesney and they have three grandchildren and two great-grandchildren now liv- ing in Warren. JOHN LEAVITT AND FAMILY. About the same time John Leavitt, with. his family settled in Warren, building a house on the west side of Main street, which afterwards was a tavern. One of his daughters became Mrs. Robert Irwin, an early Warren Merchant, and another married Wheeler Lewis. Humphrey, afterwards a lawyer, located in Steubenville, and later became United States district' judge. Albert, the youngest, lived in Warren, while John, the second son, in 1805, bought a farm, about the center of Warren township. He was known as "squire John," and was one of the early county treasurers. He died in 1815. Samuel Leavitt, who was the second of his generation to settle in Warren, came here to investigate in 1800, and purchased land near the farm of his nephew, John, Jr. Two years later Samuel brought his 156 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE wife, who had been a widow, Abigail Kent. Austin. The Leavitt family, the Austin family, the Parsons family and the Freeman family were connected through this marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Leavitt had one child, Lynda, who married Judge Francis Freeman. Their son, Samuel, who was long a banker and business man in Warren, took his second name, Leavitt, from his mother. The wife of Samuel Leavitt died in 1817, and he married Margaret Kibbee Parsons, the widowed mother of George Parsons, Sr. Samuel Leavitt died in 1830, his first wife in 1816, and his second wife in 1861. On the Leavitt farm was the first race track in Trumbull county. It was on the south side of the road opposite the present home of Nellie Austin Pendleton. The grandstand stood at the head of the Lovers Lane road and the judges could see down that lane for a long way. A great deal of rare sport was had on this course, Messrs. Harmon, Leavitt and Collins being the most interested. The building of the canal spoiled this course since the bed ran through it. The judge's stand was left standing, and decaying dropped to pieces little by little. Many of the residents of Warren remember the lower part of this building in its last stages, not knowing what it was. Later, race tracks were located in other parts of the county, but the races were for trotting horses, and not for running. These tracks were a good way from town, and after a while the racing was done on Mahoning avenue. The horses started at a point in the neighborhood of the old toll gate and stopped about where the city hall now stands. This was a mile accurately measured. Because of the bend in Mahoning avenue in front of the present Fitch property it was necessary to station a man there so that the time keeper at the lower end could know when the start was made. When, therefore, the flag was dropped at the start, the man at the bend dropped a flag also, and the timer at the city hall thus knew the race was on. The first horse making a mile 'in three minutes was one owned by Mr. Collins, and the race took place on this track. The enlistment of the young men in the army of 1860 put an end to these sports. After a time the Agricultural Society had a track in connection with the fairs. Enoch Leavitt was the third of the Leavitts who brought his family to Ohio, and he settled in Leavittsburg. He was buried there in 1815, and Enoch Leavitt Jr. was a substantial citizen of Trumbull county. He accumulated about a thousand acres of land in Warren township. He had six children and died when only fifty-two years old. JOHN S. EDWARDS. John Stark Edwards, the first recorder of Trumbull, was one of the most brilliant men of that day. A sketch of his life is given in "Bench and Bar," since he was among the most successful, if not the most successful of the early attorneys. The following refers to his domestic life and is given here : There has come into possession of the writer a little book printed for private distribution only—"Sketch of the. life of Louisa Maria Montgomery," by. her granddaughter, Louisa Maria Edwards. It contains letters from the fancily of John S. 'Edwards,. some 'of his own letters, letters of his wife and her family, and is one of the most entertaining and interesting volumes we have ever read. Mrs. Edwards spent a lifetime and, a long one at that in the Mahoning Valley, was a woman of very strong character, and her association with Mrs. Perkins, Mrs. Tod, Mrs. Kinsman and other valiant pioneers showed how well she was thought Of in the community. It seems after John Stark Edwards had spent the summer in Mesopotamia, cutting down a few trees "to let the sun in," he returned to Connecticut for the winter. In 1800, as we have seen, he was commissioned recorder of Trumbull county, holding the office until 1830. June 1, 1801. "While writing this I am seated in a log house on an old bench and beside of a white oak table, all, ortunately, clean. HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 157 * * * I found my settlement in a prosperous condition. Another year it will be able to support itself." August, 1801. "My settlement is doing finely, We have this day had a lecture, delivered by a clergyman. There were about forty present." This is the first record we have of a lecture on the Western Reserve. July 7, 1802. "I have a large cross-leg table and chairs enough for all the family to sit on and one for a stranger who chances to visit e. We cook, eat and drink in the same apartment. Food tastes as well, and sleep is as sweet, in a log as in a frame house." July 14, 1803. "I was in Warren on the 4th of July where I attended a ball. You may judge of my surprise at meeting a very coniderable company, all of whom were well dressed with neatness and fashion, some of them elegantly. The ladies generally dressed well: some of them would have been admired for their ease and grace in a New Haven ball room. It was held on the same spot of ground where four years since there was scarcely a trace of human hand, or anything within fifteen miles of it. We improved well the occasion; began at two o'clock in the afternoon on Monday and left the room a little before sunrise on Tuesday morning. We dance but seldom, which is our apology." "I am heartily tired of living alone. I must and am determined I will be married. Things are likely to take such a course as will give us a tolerable society in this place, where must eventually settle down." "I am heartily tired of living alone and am determined to marry as soon as I can find a woman who will have me that will answer." Editor's Note.—Mr. Edwards seemed to be an exception to the men of his time, and in fact to some men of this time, since they are more apt to say, "I am heartily tired of living alone and am determined to marry as soon as I can find a woman that suits me." His brother in writing to him in 1802 says : "The resolution which you have entered into to take a wife I highly approve, but I fear you will find it difficult to suit yourself. I cannot say that I know a girl whom I should seriously wish you to connect yourself with. There are hundreds and thousands of pretty, smirk-faced girls to be found, but they are far from being calculated to make you happy. Men of less refined notions who would not be shocked at trifling variations from the extreme delicacy and high sense of dignity which appertain to a fine woman of character might render themselves happy by such connection. But your ideas of women are such that would lead you to wish for a wife who would not only amuse or please you but who would make a dignified and highly enchanting companion." This portion of the letter is quoted here to show how stilted was the style of letter-writing more than a hundred years ago, as well as how useless is the advice of brother or family in love affairs. It seems this same brother was looking for a wife in this wilderness, and his descriptions of the different women are very amusing. The family at home were really wishing to find just the proper person for their brother, and there are long descriptions of the young women of the vicinity, most of them spoken of in the highest terms ; but John Stark seems to stay in his Mesopotamia home. Finally, in desperation, his sister Henrietta writes, "I advise you, my dear brother, to get you a wife where you are, for there is hardly anybody left here worth having." Again the family advice was not good. Mr. Edwards and Miss Morris were married on the 28th of February, 1807. They went by stage to Philadelphia, then most of the way on horseback. Their married life was happily spent, and people who. saw them as they stopped at the "tavern" of Jared Kirtland said they never saw a handsomer couple. When they came to Warren they went to live with General and Mrs. Perkins until their own home was finished. This house is now standing, is in good condition,. and answers the description which Mr. Edwards wrote of it at 158 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE the time. Upon Mr. Edwards' death it was purchased by Mr. Thomas D. Webb, and his grandchildren now occupy it. In this house Mr. Edwards' three children were born, one, William, only growing to manhood. His daughter Louisa Maria Edwards, a student of the early history of this county, lives in Youngstown. "Reading matter was scarce, and for want of lighter food, Mrs. Edwards perused her husband's law library, not a: book here and there, but all it contained. She also assisted her husband in the Recorder's office, and it is said the best written records of Trumbull county are by her pen." Miss Dwight visited Mrs. Edwards, probably in 1810, and married William Bell, then a Warren merchant. Winston Churchill, the author, is a great-grandson of this couple. In October, 1812, Mr. Edwards was elected to represent this district in Congress. The following January he started with Mr. George Parsons and Mr. William Bell for Put-in-Bay, where he had business interests. They got as far as Sandusky when a thaw came on and they had to return home. In fording the streams Mr. Edwards got wet, and became very sick. They took refuge in a cabin, but the water was so high in all directions that it was hardly safe for them to proceed. Mr. Bell left Mr. Edwards with Mr. Parsons and came into Warren, and it was thought best to have Dr. Seely go to him. Mrs. Edwards was greatly distressed at the news brought her, but "commending her little sleeping ones to their Maker, she set forth, hoping to nurse, comfort and restore her husband." They left Warren about eight o'clock. The night was dark, the floods had been excessive, the traveling bad, and many places dangerous. They, however, proceeded about nine miles. Setting out again before daybreak, they had gone about forty-five miles from Warren when they met the sleigh bearing the body of Mr. Edwards. Mr. Parsons alone was with him. Mrs. Edwards wrote her sister, "We were then fourteen miles from a house, just before sundown, in a snow storm, and we were obliged to return that distance to get even the shelter of a cabin. For hours after dark I followed that coffin. My dear sister, do you not wonder that I lived to write you this?" Does not the reader wonder? In fact, the hardest trials which the early pioneers had were those of sickness and death. Mr. Edwards was buried in the old cemetery, still existing, on Mahoning avenue. Almost brokenhearted, Mrs. Edwards found consolation in her religion and in the kindness demonstrated by. her friends. She attempted to fill the place of both father and mother to her children, and expected to return to New England, as her family wished her to do. The unsettled condition of the country made the settling of estates tedious, and before she really could get away, a year and a half, she married Mr. Montgomery, and spent the rest of her life in the neighborhood of Youngstown. Miss Edwards, the granddaughter, is authority for the following, and no man or woman was ever more truthful than is she. In writing of her grandfather's death, she says : "He died January 29, 1813. His sisters, Mrs. Johnson, whose home was at Stratford, Connecticut, and Henrietta Edwards, who was either at New Haven or Bridgeport, both dreamed that their brother was dead, one of them that his death was caused by drowning. Mrs. Johnson was so frightened by her dream that she waked her husband to tell him. Then fell asleep and had the same dream again. The next word received from Ohio was of his death. The dream of each sister, it was found occurred at the time of his death, though whether the night before or the night after cannot now be remembered with certainty." GRAY, THE INVENTOR. Few people know that Elisha Gray, the inventor, lived for some time on the Western Reserve. He was exceedingly poor, and one year he asked Mr. David Gilbert, of Gustavus, HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 159 Trumbull county, the father of Judge D. R. Gilbert, of Warren, to allow him to live in a little house, one story, fifteen by twenty, which stood on Mr. Gilbert's place. This was not plastered, but Mr. Gray put boards on the inside, and papered it so that it looked comfortable. However, it was exceedingly cold. One springtime, tiring of his poverty, Gray rented a sugar camp in the vicinity and urged Mr. Gilbert to allow his second son, D. R., then a lad about eighteen, to assist him in the sugar camp. The arrangement was made and Gray and young Gilbert went to work, and work they did, for the camp was not well equpped. They were several miles from home and they would boil as late as they possibly could and often had not time to go home at night. Being particularly tired one night young Gilbert suggested that they crawl into the schoolhouse, which was not far away, and sleep on the floor. This they did.. A few nights later, instead of going to the school-house they crawled onto the hay in a near-by barn. In the night they awakened, each shaking with a chill. When they were sufficiently aroused they found that a snow-storm had came up, that the roof was so full of holes they were covered with snow. They therefore decided to walk home, Taking their lantern they started across lots. They soon entered a piece of woods. Here young Gilbert had played, here he had hunted for squirrels and birds and he knew every bit of it. Someone had had a fire in the woods that day and there was a little of it left, not enough for warmth but so it could be seen. They started to cross the woods near this fire and in half an hour they found themselves back at the fire, although they had supposed themselves to be going straight ahead. This happened two or three times. Finally young Gilbert suggested putting out the lantern which they were carrying, thinking possibly the first of the morning light might soon be there. They walked this way to the edge of the woods where they found the camp, and then got their bearing. Although they did not reach home until three o'clock in the morning, they went to work as usual. They "sugared off' and had enough cakes to fill the bottom of a wagon. With great joy they started home with their load. Before they were half way there a rain came up, and hurry as they might, the melted sugar was running from the wagon. Apparently Mr. Gray was more successful with electrical appliances than with farming. All the while he was wintering in this cabin he was working on inventions, and sometimes as he boiled sap he would sit and dream in front of the fire to the consternation of young Gilbert, who had to constantly watch lest the fire go out or the sugar burn. A churn, which at this time he patented, proved unsuccessful. When he was working on the telephone his wife really became alarmed about him. He was then in Oberlin. Days and weeks at times, he sat upstairs like a man in a dream. She thought he was losing his mind. One day he came running down the stairs calling, "Eureka, Delia, Eureka." His early friends who knew him well believed he invented the telephone which now bears Bell's name. Gray cared nothing for fame, but did care for the invention itself. It will be remembered that a lawsuit was begun by Gray against Bell for the infringement of patents, and that it never came to trial. Although Gray was very poor before that, afterwards he had much money, and before he was through this amounted to a million dollars. It was supposed that he allowed Bell to have the name for a certain sum of money or interest in the business. BENAJAH AUSTIN. In order to keep the information in regard to these early families clear, we mention here. Benajah Austin, who was the son of Abigail Kent Austin before her marriage to Samuel Leavitt, and a half-brother to Mrs. Judge Francis Freeman. He married Olive. Harmon, and after living in the neighborhood of 160 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE Leavittsburg he moved into the house now occupied by Mrs. Nellie Austin Pendleton. Benajah Austin was identified with much of the early history of Trumbull county. Twelve years he was commissioner. He was deputy sheriff one year, and sheriff two years. He had six children, Hiram, who died at Chardon, Julius, who lived in Braceville, Enos, who lived at Youngstown, Amelia, who married S. A. Potter, Benajah, and Harmon. Benajah was one of the early doctors, but practiced only a little time because of ill health. Harmon was the most widely known of all the family. He was born at the old homestead in 1817, lived there until 1870, moved to Warren, where he died a few years ago. He married Minerva Sackett (January 11, 1842). He was interested in politics, in the welfare of the community, a leader in the Disciple church, a prosperous business man, and probably at his home have been entertained more public visitors than at any house in town save the Kinsman homestead. Mrs. Austin was a beautiful character. She had the love and respect of everyone who knew her. Her children and intimate friends adored her. She was courageous, conscientious, and capable. She ha three children, Nellie, Harmon, and Mary 'The two younger live in Cleveland, and Nellie, with her husband, W. C. Pendleton, her son Austin with his wife and children, now occupy the 'house built by Benajah and lately remodeled. Phineas Leffingwell and his family, who (Loaned by the Chronicle.) OLD AUSTIN HOUSE, WARREN. Showing smell portion of the old part in use during stage-coach days. HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE- 161 came to Warren in 1800, were identified with the early history. There are, however, none of his descendants here at this writing. Previous to 1800, Trumbull county, or the Western Reserve, had been settled at Conneaut, Cleveland, Youngstown, Harpersfield, Warren, Burton, Austinburg, Vernon, Monroe, Windsor, Poland, Mentor, Willoughby, Ravenna and Deerfield. WARREN TAXPAYERS IN 1804. The taxpayers of Warren for the year 1804 were: John Adgate _____ Meunaga, Calvin Austin, Samuel Burnett, Cornelius Barker, Jesse Powell, Joshua Brown, Steven Baldwin, Noah Brockway, William Crooks, Robert Caldwell, Jonathan Church, Meshack Case, William Haniday, Topher Carnes, Charles Dailey, James Deimscumb, Isaac Dailey, Samuel Donalds, Nathan Dunn, Benjamin Davis, Jacob Earle, John Ewalt, Jesse Ellis, John Earle, William Fenton, Robert Freeman, James Grimes, William Galbreath, William Hand, Henry Harsh, Reuben Harmon, Ezekial Hover, James Eaton, Jesse Holiday, Thomas Jefferson, John Kinney, George Loveless, Asa Lane, Henry Lane Sr., Henry Lane Jr., Samuel Leavitt, Enoch Leavitt Sr., John Leavett, Esq., Phencia Leffingwell, Asehel Mills, Delaun Mills, Isaac Mills, William Morman, William McWilliams, George McGat, William Netterfield, Joshua Ott, George Phelps, Samuel Pew, Thomas Pricer, Ephraim and Samuel Quinby, Joshua Quigley, John Reeves, James Stanford, B. Stowe, Nathaniel Stanley, William Vance, James Ward, Mr. Wetherby, Benjamin Williams, Urial Williams, James Wilson, Francis Windall, Simon Perkins, John S. Edwards, David Robertson, Robert Irwin, Thomas Ross, Henry Wright, Samuel Chesney, James Scott, Francis, Carlton, Walter Brewster, Ebenezer Sheldon. Ephraim Quinby's tax was the heaviest, 7.40 ; Walter Brewster's the lightest, seven cents. In the year named (1804), the tax duplicate was divided as follows : Canfield, $85.95½ ; Cleveland, $27.65 ½ ; Franklin, $37.10; Hudson, $27.75 ; Middlefield, $38.65 ; Painesville, $33.72 ; Vernon, $49.80 ; Ritchfield, $33.72 ; Warren, $74.95 ½; Youngstown, $221.89 ½. WITHOUT LAWS, BUT LAW—ABIDING. From the time the first tract of land was bought by Parsons to 1800, a most unusual condition had existed in Old Trumbull county. In the beginning it belonged to Connecticut and Connecticut had jurisdiction over it. After a time Connecticut sold it to a company, but naturally as that Company was not a government, it could not transfer its legal jurisdiction. The United States was asked to assume this jurisdiction, but it refused for obvious reasons. So, for nearly five years the people of Old Trumbull county were without law, or law-makers. This fact was not so strange as was the fact that the settlers proceeded in exactly the same way they would have done had they had a law. They bought land, made contracts, got married, and collected moneys due them, without any sort of officer to authorize the proceedings. Once a tax collector came into this region, but he was laughed at and advised to leave, which he gladly did. So much irregularity and uncertainty had there been that finally, in April, 1800, the United States released all its claim to the land of the Western Reserve, provided Connecticut would release all her claim of jurisdiction. The matter was finally settled on May 30, 1800. The niceties of the law question contained in this early history are apparent, and all lovers of law would do well to examine them. It is a temptation to note them here. WARREN SELECTED AS COUNTY SEAT. On July 10, 1800, the whole tract of the Western Reserve was erected into a county, named Trumbull for the governor of Connecticut. At the time of the erection of Trumbull county, Judge Samuel H. Parsons, Judge James M. Varnum and Judge John Cleves Symmes were the judges, and these men, together with the governor, St. Clair, and the secretary, Winthrop Sargent, decided upon Warren as the county seat, and the governor Vol. I-11 162 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE appointed the necessary officials. The selection of Warren was not made for any other reason than those which prevail in like selections today, namely, that more men of influence lived in Warren than in Youngstown. Judge Young, to be sure, was a strong character, but in things so large as great politics he stood alone. John Leavitt, Ebenezer King, Judge Calvin Pease, and some others, who had land interests in the vicinity of Warren, were not only men of strength, but they came from Suffield, Connecticut, the home of Hon. Gideon Granger, then postmaster general of the United States. The same sort of strings were pulled in those days as now, and because of the help of Gideon Granger at this time and because of his family relation (he was a brother-in-law of Calvin Pease), the people of Trumbull county, in the vicinity of Warren, have always thankfully remembered him. There were no telegraphs, no regular mails, and Trumbull county had been established some days before the people knew the fact, or Warren people knew that they were living at the county seat. MR. AND MRS. JAMES SCOTT. James Scott married Elizabeth Quigley and together they came to Warren in 1802. He paid one hundred dollars for the land extending from the lot now owned by Miss Olive Harmon, on High street, to the home of the Misses Stevens, on Mahoning avenue. He erected a log house about where the Packard homestead stands at the head of Main street, which, as we have seen, was used as a court house. Elisha Whittlesey said he was admitted to practice in the upper room of this house. This he sold in 1815 to Mrs. Charlotte Smith for $700. Mr. Scott then erected a residence on High street where the home of Eliza and Olive Smith stands. This Scott homestead stood in front of the present dwelling, the well being about where the present steps are. The original building was of logs, but later a frame part was attached. In those days there was no paint in the home market, and no lime for white-washing. Mr. Scott, however, used the clay found in this soil, a (Loaned by the Tribune.) OLD JAMES SCOTT HOUSE. HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 163 washed the outside of his house, making it a very soft whitish color. Mrs. Scott was very much interested in, and very kind to, the Indians. She always fed them when they asked for food, and they felt perfectly free to go to her house at all times. People who visited the Scott home were often startled at seeing two or three Indians standing in the room. The only intimation they had had of their coming was that sometimes their shadows were seen on the windows or in the doorway. Although they were powerful men, they were gentle, and as Mrs. Scott had very dark eyes, fair skin and high color, they admired her very much. Once she had a severe illness which the doctors pronounced fatal, which one of these Indians, learning of her condition, told her that if she would send away the white doctors and the white people, he would cure her. Since she had no hope in any other direction, she complied. The Indian went into the woods, obtained herbs from the roots of which he made a tea. This he gave to her, burning the leaves and the remainder of the root and scattering the ashes in a ceremonial way. She recovered, and afterwards asked him to tell her what the medicine was. He knew no name for it which she would know, but promised when the spring came, he would take her into the woods and point it out to her. He, however, died before the spring came and the information was never obtained. Mr. and Mrs. Scott built the brick house which stood where the Trumbull Block now stands. In architecture it was much like the Harsh residence. It had two chimneys on either end. When the house was old the swallows, at twilight, used to sail around and around these chimneys and then drop in. Children congregated in the neighborhood "to see the birds go to bed." When the youngest Scott child, Miss Margaret, died, Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Wentz occupied this house for years. It was torn down in 1898. James Scott died in January, 1846, aged seventy-one. Mrs. Whittlesey Adams, Misses Eliza and Olive Smith are the grandchildren of Mr. and Mrs. James Scott, while Norman and Dean Adams Whittlesey are their great-great-grandsons. Mr. James Scott once killed a bear in one of the trees which stood in front of the First Baptist church. LAVINIA DEANE (MRS. DELAMATER). Lavinia Deane was born in 1757 in New York. Her father, when he had completed his theological studies, was obliged to go to England to be ordained. He was lost at sea. His wife died shortly after, and Lavinia was brought up in the family of her uncle, Silas Deane, who was a member of the first Continental Congress: Miss Deane had the advantage of the best education of the time and knew the prominent politicians, or rather, statesmen, among whom was George Washington. She married Peter Delamater, who settled in New York. He was a Huguenot, and through persecution fled from France. When Mr. and Mrs. Delamater were living in Kingston, 1777, that town was burned and their house was the only one left standing. Mr. Delamater went as a special emissary to France during the Revolutionary war, and was instrumental in securing certain measures which were favorable to the Americans. He died in France. Lavinia, his widow, later married Captain Rowe, who lived but a short time. When her only daughter, Charlotte, married Justus Smith, Mrs. Rowe became a member of that family. In the early days of Warren Mahoning avenue ran west of the present street, and on that road, back of Dr. Sherwood's home, Mrs. Rowe lived in a log house. MR. AND MRS. JUSTUS SMITH. Mr. Smith, having heard the wonderful tales of fertility of the soil of New Connecticut, journeyed westward, went to Cleveland, expecting to locate. He found the mouth of the Cuyahoga river a dreary place even at that 164 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE date, 1811, and pushed on to Warren. He bought of James L. VanGorder the mill erected by Henry Lane, Jr. and Charles Dally, known later as the upper mill. This stood where the present water works station is, on the east side of the river. Mr. Smith was a large owner of land and mills in Glens Falls, New York, and he paid $4,000 for this property, which was a large sum of money for that time. In 1812 Mrs. Rowe, Mrs. Smith and her children, joined Mr. Smith. He did not live very long. His widow purchased of (Loaned by the Tribune.). OLD GRAETER HOME James. Scott the house he built on the Packard lot, and here she made her home. She was a woman of exceptional character, and business sense and integrity. She Carried on, as proprietor, the business which her husband had left her, besides raising and caring for her family. She sold the land which still belongs to the First Presbyterian church for $500. Her sons, Henry W. and Charles, were two of the leading citizens of Warren's early days. Not only did they occupy a respected place in the community, but each had a wife of strong character and were their equal in eve way. Mrs. Henry W. Smith, nee Stone, was one of the finest and strongest characters of her day. Her physical strength, coupled with her determined, consecrated character, made her a power in her home, her church, and society. Although her family were men and women of high standing, none of them surpassed her in character. Mrs. Charles Smith, nee Scott, was devotedly loved by her children. She was gentle, an exceptional housekeeper, an interesting companion, and a true friend to those whom she trusted and admired. She lived to great age and was tenderly cared for by her daughters, Eliza and Olive. Jane Smith, the sister of Henry W. and Charles, married Mr. Shaler and moved to New York, while Maria became Mrs. David Tod. These children all lived to old age, Mrs. Tod dying only a few years since. The grandchildren of Justus and Charlotte Smith, now residing in Warren, are, Jane (Smith) Lyttle, HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 165 Maria T. Smith, Helen R. Smith—the. children of Henry W. ; Margaret (Smith) Adams, Eliza and Olive Smith—the children of Charles. There are also six great-grandchildren and three great-great-grandchildren living here. The second house above the Presbyterian church was owned by Charles White from 1835 to 1860. It was once occupied by Eliza and Mary Wick, the latter being the mother of Henrietta Crosman. In this house Stephen Foster visited and here he wrote some of his famous songs. Here, too, was Mr. White's cabinet shop where Edward Spear, the father of Judge William T. Spear, did business. The descendants of Edward Spear living in the city are Misses Abbie and Annie Hoyt. Immediately north of this building was the printing house of George Hapgood, who edited the Chronicle from 1825 to 1841, when he became postmaster. The next house was once the home of Governor Tod, later occupied by Hon. John Hutchins, and now owned by George and Harriet Jones. THE OLD "GRAETER HOUSE." In 1835 Augustus Graeter purchased from Mrs. Charles Smith for $2,000 (note the advance in value in property), the land lying between Dr. Harmon's property and the Presbyterian church. Using the old log house, erected by Mr. Scott, he constructed a tavern of goodly proportions. The old part of the house which was used as a court house became the dining room. This hostelty was known as the "Graeter House" and stood until 1870, when it was purchased by Warren Packard, who erected his fine three-story home. AUGUSTUS GRAETER AND FAMILY. Augustus Graeter was a highly educated man who brought some money with him from his home in Germany. His wife, Sarah, who lived at Allentown, Pennsylvania, was a successful milliner and dressmaker and her business ability afterwards served her a good purpose. Mr. Graeter used fine German, but Mrs. Graeter was -Pennsylvania Dutch. The piano which she brought with her was the first one brought over the mountains to Warren. Mr. and Mrs. Graeter had a large family of children. Louise, Augustus and Adolphus were all musicians. Louise had special talent and Adolphus for many years kept a music store in Warren. The two youngest children still reside in this city, Fredericka, who married the youngest son of Rev. N. P. Bailey, and Isabella, the wife of Frank M. Ritezel, editor of the Chronicle. Mrs. Bailey is the money order clerk in the postoffice. Some pictures have been drawn and painted of the old Graeter House which are incorrect. In them a wing at the east of the house is represented as having two stories, whereas this building had no windows in the second story in front. This part of the house was not in the original building, and one of the daughters of Mr. Graeter thinks it was one of the buildings erected at Mecca at the time of the oil craze, and was bought by her father at the time the buildings were moved here. THE OLD PARSONS HOUSE. The old Parsons house, which was long a land-mark, was built in 1816, and stood where the opera house now stands. It was considered a very beautiful residence and cost $2,500, a goodly amount for those times. Mr. George Parsons lived in it until 1860, when he died. It had an attractive stone wall, with a little iron railing, and stone steps. There was an aristocratic air about this building. Additions were made to the original house in 1830 and again in 1835. Mr. Heman Harmon married a daughter of Mr. Parsons and lived here until 1859. They had a large family of attractive children, all of whom married. The widow of one, Heman, Cornelia Fuller Harmon, with her daughter, Ella, are the only representatives of the family living now in Trumbull 166 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE county. Mrs. Foster, Mrs. Bradshaw and Mrs. Hawkins, all live in Indianapolis, while the widow of Calvin still lives in Youngstown. Under the date of October 3, 1860, the Western Reserve Chronicle says : "Mrs. Van R. Humphrey, of Hudson, daughter of Judge Calvin Pease, attended the. wedding of Miss Maggie Harmon and John Edwards. She was present at the wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Heenan Harmon; father and mother of the bride, and also of George Parsons and his wife (when it gets back to the grandfather they do not even mention the wife's name). She, Laura Pease, was only ten months old at the time and mud was so deep that women could not walk. Therefore, Mr. Parsons drove the horse, carried the baby, while Mrs. Pease sat behind him on the horse. Most of the women were thus conveyed to the wedding." Almost every settler was a hotel-keeper in that he lodged and fed all the needy, and most of the strangers who came his way. The law required that if pay was received for such guests, the host must have a license for a public house. For this reason the early court records show that Ephraim Quinby Was recommended to Governor St. Clair by John S. Edwards "as a suitable person to keep a house of public entertainment." Mr. Quinby paid four dollars to the county treasurer for this license. About the same time James Scott also received a license. Neither of these men really kept public house. PIONEER HOTELS IN WARREN. The corner where the Second National Bank now stands was for many years the site of a hotel. In! 1801 John Leavitt, who lived here, took boarders, and opened a regular hotel in 1803. This was the first hotel in town. Others who have kept hotel on this spot were Jesse Holliday, John Reeves, Andrew McKinney, and Horace Rawdon. Horace Rawdon was the father of Calvin, Horace and Richard. The three sons lived all their lives in Warren. Two of them were much interested in military organizations and played the snare drum. The, are all dead and lie buried in Oakwood. Horace, the father, kept one of the most popular hotels in the early days. He was the last landlord to occupy the. site of the present Second National Bank. In 1836 this property was purchased by Henry W. and Charles Smith, who erected a two-story building thereon. This store was destroyed by fire and when rebuilt a third story was added. It was long occupied by Smith & McCombs. DANCES AND INVITATIONS. When Horace Rawdon kept the hotel, which was made of logs and weather-boarded, it was painted red and had the first brick chimney in the village. It also had a very creaky sign which could be heard at a great distance as it swung on a windy night. In this building dancing school was had, usually in the afternoon, attended by both men and women. Evelyn Rawdon, who married Mr. Hammond and lived in Bristol until a few years since, said that there was a dancing school in this hotel in 1824-25. Her sisters, Louisa Rawdon Dunlap and Lucy Rawdon Crane, with herself, attended. The girls went in the afternoon; the boys in the evening. Sometimes both classes went together, on special occasions, carriages being sent .for the girls, the boys walking. They were sent home the same way. The boys escorted the girls to supper ; the dancing master assigning the girl to the boy. Invitation to these dances were sometimes written in verse. The following are copied from a large number of invitations of Mrs. Goodline, the mother of John S. McAdoo, of Bloomfield INDEPENDENCE BALL. The Company of Miss Goodhue is respectfully solicited at VanGorder's Assembly room on Monday, the Fourth of July," next, at Four o'clock P. M. Signed, L. POTTER, C. PEASE, T. R. BUTLER, Committee. HISTORY OF. THE WESTERN RESERVE - 167 Another : Bring the flask, the musick bring, And joy shall quickly find us, Let us gaily dance and sing, And leave dull care behind us. This was dated 1827. A NEW YEAR'S BALL. I shake with free importance, Care ; The good, the youthful, and the fair, From lodge and court and house and hall, And hurry to the New Year's ball. This stanza heads a ball invitation to be held at J. L. Van Gorder's Assembly room, at 5 o'clock, December 29, 1829: Managers. D. Tod, J. Scott and C. Pease. These three men were the leaders of society their day. CASTLE WILLIAM, OR THE PAVILION. The Pavilion was built about 1807. William \V. Cotgreave was its proprietor and it was commonly known as "Castle William." The first story was built of logs and was designed and used for a jail until the county provided one. It was a queer-looking house, the east end being three stories high, built of brick, the west end, two stories, was frame. Pictures sometimes now reproduced in papers are taken from an old cut and are not correct. People who were children in the early days of the Pavilion say these Pictures give no idea at all of the ancient building. Court was held here and the upper story was used for church, meet- ings, schools, shows, concerts, political meetings, literary entertainments, etc. It was bought in 1828 by James L. VanGorder, and froth that time was called the Pavilion. Mr. VanGorder was one of the early business men in Warren, having owned and built several mills, and much other property. When the canal was being built, he secured the contract for making the five locks in this vicinity and this paid him so much better than the hotel did, that he gave little personal attention to the tavern. It therefore was not as prosperous in its latter days and was destroyed in the fire of 1846. It stood upon the ground now occupied by the stores of D. W. Hull, Hart, Kinnaman & Wolf, Fuller, Gunlefinger, and Greenwalt & Peck. Just previous to the burning of the building Cyrus VanGorder, a son of James L., while in New York purchased some paper for the decorating of one room of this hotel. He paid one hundred and twenty-five dollars for it. It was hand made, and done in water colors. Before it was put on the wall the hotel burned, and it has been in the possession of the family ever since. A few years ago Mrs. John Kinsman, a granddaughter of James L. VanGorder, used it to paper her parlor. Apparently it is in as good condition as when it was new. THE TOWNE HOTEL. For about a century a hotel has stood on or near the ground occupied by the Park Hotel. Here, very early, Cyrus Bosworth built a tavern which was kept by Benjamin Towne, commonly called "Uncle Ben." This was one of the very best taverns of the county. Mrs. Towne was a woman of great executive ability and business judgment and of much assistance to her husband. Her daughters, who helped in this hotel home, added to the popularity of the place. Provision was bountifully served, horses well cared for, and even when trade was slack with other landlords, this tavern was full. One of the early newspapers says, "Towne's Hotel had a ball room, and whenever there was a ball it never broke up until morning. Liquor was free those days everywhere and often the sons of wealthier people were too drunk to dance." Mrs. Towne died in 1849 and Mr. Towne gave up the business a little later. Mr. Towne .kept pigs, cows, and geese. These animals (as did the animals of other people) lived largely in the "Court House Yard." His geese were his special pets. They HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 169 paddled all over the park and scrambled into the river when they wished to swim. They had a troublesome way of laying their eggs so far under the barn as to be out of reach of men. Mr. Irwin Ladd, who, as a boy, must have been a "Johnnie on the spot," says Mr: Towne used to ask him to crawl under the barn after these eggs and now and then gave him an egg as a reward. Mr. William Williams, commonly called "Billy," had a cabinet shop north of the Towne Hotel. Billy would put a grain of corn on a pin-hook, swing the string out of his window, and capture one of the Towne geese. Now and Then" in the Chronicle says, "It would rile the old gentleman a' good deal but whether Billy owned up or not I never knew, but I expect he was led into the mischief by Ben Kiefer and David B. Gilmore, who were his apprentices at this time." Those of us who remember genial "Billy Williams" walking dignifiedly to church on Sunday with his wife, or, strictly speaking, a little ahead of her, or who knew by sight quiet, gentle Mr.. Gilmore, never would accuse them of fishing for geese with a pin-hook. Certainly young blood runs riot. When Mr. Towne retired from the hotel Mr. and llrs. Almon Chapman took charge and continued in the business many years. They were excellent hotel people, both of them, and when they retired they had a competency. They bought the house just west of the Episcopal church, and this property was left by will to Mrs. Chapman's niece, Mrs. Fred Adams. Phineas Chase and his son-in-law, George Parks, were the next landlords and they too made a business success of it. After many years Mr. Chase retired and Mr. Parks went into the grocery business. The latter resides on High street. The National House, having become dilapidated, a company was :formed to construct a new one and upon its completion. Clark and Garrett became proprietors. After a time Mr. Clark retired and Mr. Garrett managed it alone. Mr. C. C. Chryst was the next landlord and he was followed by Mr. John A. Fuller, the present proprietor. The building is now owned by Mr. Orris R. Grimmesey. A POPULAR STAGE HOUSE. One of the most popular of the stage houses in Warren was that which stood on the corner of Main and South streets, where the Austin House now stands. It was built of wood and had an upper and lower porch. In the early days Mr. Paltzgroff kept this and later Mr. Shoenberger. In the height of the coaching days as many as eight coaches a day stopped there. At this time when business looked well for Warren, Morgan Gaskill, a successful business man of Bellevernon, Pennsylvania, came here. He was the father of Mrs. Albert Wheeler and the grandfather of Mrs. Late Abell and Mrs. Howard Ingersoll. He had a boat yard near the canal where he repaired boats and did other business. He finally bought a farm in Champion, intending to settle down quietly for the rest of his life. Some Warren citizens, thinking that a new hotel was needed urged him to put his money into such a building and to encourage him they offered to furnish it if he should not have money enough to do so. The old hotel was therefore divided in two parts, one-half moved to the east on South street and the other south on Main street and a brick building known as the. Gaskill House erected. The old building on South was removed a few years ago, but the part on Main street still stands and is occupied by a second-hand store. It is in a very dilapidated condition. THE GASKILL HOUSE. The Gaskill House was opened by a grand ball on December 23, 1853, which the papers of that time describe as being "a splendid affair." For a time a number of families of importance either lived or took their meals at this hotel and it was a gay place. It happened that Mr. Gaskill had made his investment at the wrong time. His friends who were so free 170 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE to advise him to put his money into it did no more than they agreed and creditors crowded him and he lost the savings of years. The building of the Mahoning railroad detracted from the value of the property instead of adding to it as was expected. In the early sixties Mr. Shoenberger was the proprietor and during his time, as well as before and after the third story was used for balls and dances. Some of the other proprietors were Stephen Hoffman, J. Knous, Peter Fulk and Samuel Derr. THE ABSENT-MINDED LANDLORD. Mr. Harmon Austin and Mr. Warren Packard bought the building in the seventies and Enos Austin was the landlord. Mr. Austin was an exemplary man and a good landlord, but he is remembered as the most forgetful man of the town. The stories told of him would fill this volume. He has brought his wife to church when he lived on the farm and gone home without her. He has taken her to Harmon Austin's in Leavittsburg, gone home to Newton Falls, been obliged to make a return trip for her. Once when sent to the store for nutmegs he took a wheelbarrow to take them home. One day as he was preparing the meats for dinner and had blood on his white apron, he happened to think of something he wanted up town. Without taking off his apron nor laying down his knife he ran through the street, as he was in a hurry to obtain the article. A stranger going to the train met him and seeing his bloody knife and apron ran hard to get out of his way, thinking him to be a crazy man. The Austin House was last used as a hotel. by the Park Hotel proprietors when their building was being erected. The old hostelry still bears the name of the Austin House. It is owned by W. W. Dunnavant and is a tenement house. It is supposed to be a better paying investment now, than in the days of its glory. Few people living in Warren remember the Hope House. It stood where the garage on East Market now is. It was the headquarters for teamsters during the building of the canal, as well as during war times. Liquor was sold here as at all other hotels, and people who loved quarrels and fights had plenty of amusement. The teamsters, who often had to sleep in their wagons or in their blankets on the floor, quarreled among themselves too often to please the peace-loving citizens. At the time of the building of the canal two Texans, brothers, David and George Law, had the contract for the digging of the canal near Warren. George was a very peaceful man but David was a fighter. The latter rode a big dun-colored mule and people who knew him at the time said that he could get off that mule and whip any Irishman who was working his line. He was six feet in height and powerful build and a Warren citizen s "Nothing nor nobody could head off George Law." In the late sixties and seventies this hotel was known as the Eagle House and it had not a very good reputation as a hostelry. Few people were seen there except on circus and "other big days," when accommodations were hard to obtain. Just when it disappeared from view nor where it went no one seems to know. "AMERICAN HOUSE" LOVE STORY. No matter how old, how decrepit, how indifferent men or women may be, a love story attracts all. For this reason the tale of the building of the old American House has been given over and over again in newspapers and magazines. James Scott had a large family of children, the daughters were all attractive, one especially being spirited. In 1826 a young cabinet maker, named Lowe, who came to Warren to work, had a modest little shop on the northwest corner of Park and High streets. He soon fell in love with Miss Scott. She did not fancy him, and gave him to understand she did not care to have him call upon 'her. Stories told of this young girl make her say that was the daughter of a rich man and could I 172 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE down on his little shop from her window. This statement is so unlike any Scott descendant that the author discredits it. Since this was true it hurt Lowe's feelings very much. He then retorted by saying that he would put up a building so high that he could sit in his room and look down on her. He borrowed the money and began the work, but when half done he died of smallpox. As Mr. Leicester King had loaned him the money for the enterprise, he was obliged to finish it in order to save himself. Mr. Isaac Ladd, one of the best carpenters of that time, had the contract for the woodwork above the first story, which had already been completed. Mr. King rented this building as a store until 1840, when it became a tavern and was known, as the "American House." There was considerable rivalry between the American House and the Gaskill House in the '60s. The location of the former was in its favor, but the good cooking of the German housewives connected with the latter balanced the location. Proprietors of the American House at different times have been William H. Newhard, Henry Lowe, Mr. McDermont, Edwin Reeves, James Ensign and Benjamin Gilbert. Of these men Mr. Reeves is the only one living. This hotel had a ball room and for many years people met here, for dances and entertainments. At the time of the building of the Atlantic & Great Western railroad the American House was the headquarters of the engineers. During war times large bodies of soldiers were fed there. In 1869 or '70, Junius Dana purchased the building and it has been used as a Musical Institute ever since. It is now in poor repair and will, undoubtedly, before long be removed. Its huge pillars running full length make it an imposing looking building. A wooden hotel built by Asael Adams standing at the corner of Market street and Park avenue for many years accommodated not only travelers but boarders as well. It had a great sign of four boards made in a square and fastened to a huge post upon which were large letters, "Franklin House." A long cord running from the front of the house to the stable connected with a bell which brought. the hostler to the front of the house to take charge of the horses. The stable stood where the Lamb & Strong Building is now. Among the landlords best remembered were "Billy" Williams and Daniel Thompson, the father of Mrs. Dr. Sherwood. After the grading for the sewerage was done, the building was reached by a long flight of wooden stairs. This structure was removed to make way for the present Franklin Block. Alanson Camp kept a hotel on Market street for many years. D. B. Gilmore and Jesse Pan-coast, John Hoyt, and the Elliott brothers were among the landlords there. Very recently this building has been reconstructed and is the property of E. A. Voit, and Mr. Christianar; the proprietor is Frank McConnell. OLDEST BUSINESS BUILDING. The oldest building erected for mercantile purposes in the business part of Warren and now standing well preserved and unchanged in its appearance at the front, is the two-story brick building with stone front at No. 7 North Park avenue. It was erected by Asael Adams in 1836 for general mercantile purposes and was at that time the most complete mercantile building in northern Ohio outside of Cleveland. In the '60s the lower part was used for a postoffice ; the upper part as a residence of Mr. and Mrs.. Orlando Morgan. For a few years the McFarland Brothers had their undertaking establishment here. It is now owned by W. W. Dunnavant, who has a moving picture show, called "Dreamland." At this writing he is making a one-story addition to the rear, to accommodate his growing business. HENRY LANE AND LANE STREET. One of the oldest houses in town was that which stands on the river bank, on the site now HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 173 occupied by William H. Baldwin. Henry Lane, r., who gave the land for the first cemetery now on Mahoning avenue, lived here. The house was of logs, and Mrs. Lane, a lovely woman, who was very fond of flowers, had a beautiful garden there. When working with her flowers she destroyed the sight of one of her eyes. When the town began to name its streets the street running directly east from the Lane home was called Lane street. What influence was brought to bear t0 blot out the name of this good old citizen is not known, but, within the recollection of the writer, Lane street became Belmont. This house was for many years the home of Mrs. James VanGorder, and her daughter, Ann Mary, who late in life married Rev. Joseph Marvin. The wing of the house was the old log house which Henry Lane first put up. It is a common belief that part of this log structure is in the present building, but Baldwin, who repaired it some years ago, says that there is no part of the log house left. In 1807 Mrs. Lane . went to Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and Mary Reeves, her niece, who had been left motherless, returned with her. Miss Reeves was a cousin of the late John Reeves, of Howland. She married Henry Stiles and lived, all her married life, a few rods from her aunt's home. She was the grandmother of Mrs. Rolla Cobb, Mr. Henry Quinby Stiles, Miss Harriet Jones, and Mr. George Jones, of Warren. Henry and Mary Stiles' had a goodly sized family, all of whom were genial and friendly. The Stiles homestead, with its long, low porch, which all adult residents of that day well remember, was the rendezvous of the young people of this city. Mrs. Albert Watson, of Cleveland, who, as Lucy Morgan, used to be a guest of the Stiles family, says that in no house in Warren did the young people ever have a merrier time. HORACE STEVENS AND FAMILY. Horace Stevens, the brother of Benjamin and Augustus Stevens, was a hatter by trade. Miss Aurelia Pier, who lived in Vermont, was betrothed to him. She came west with Judge Leicester King and family. They came by water to Fairport, and Mr. Stevens, with George Parsons, went to meet them. Mr. Stevens and Miss Pier were married at the home of Judge King. Mr. Stevens built the house which stood on the lot now owned by the Misses Hall on Mahoning avenue. Here their oldest child, Mary, was born. Mr. Stevens afterwards branched out in business, sold his property to General Crowell, and moved to Newton Falls. At that time, because of the water power, Newton Falls was a thriving hamlet. Mr. Stevens owned the grist mill and the saw mill, which property has been purchased by the Hydro Electric Company since the writing of this history was begun. Mary Stevens married Ira Fuller at Newton Falls and came to Warren to live. She had a large family of children ; all of those who reached adult age married. Six are now living and all are prosperous people. Her daughter and granddaughter, Mrs. Cornelia Harmon and Miss Ella, are residents of Warren. Mr. .and Mrs. Fuller lived in Warren all their married life, most of the time on the northeast corner of Vine and Market streets. The office of Mr. Fuller, which stood on Vine street, is now on Atlantic street and is very old. It is used as a dwelling. When Mr. Stevens retired from business, he returned to Warren and made his home with Mrs. Fuller. The Stevens home stood on a lot on Mahoning avenue above referred to, which runs east almost to Harmon street. This property was offered for sale by John Crowell to William Woodrow for $325, twenty-five dollars to be paid outright and the rest when convenient. Mr. Woodrow did not purchase it, but Mr. James Dunlap bought and occupied it for many years. At the time he erected the present brick house the old one was moved on to South street, next to the corner of Elm street, where it now stands. It is one of our oldest, houses and is still doing good service. 174 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE THE OLD EDWARDS DWELLING HOUSE. The oldest dwelling house in the city which is in good repair is that occupied by Elizabeth, William and Frank Iddings, on the north side of South street, between Vine and Pine streets. It was built by John S. Edwards in 1807 and stands on the spot it originally occupied. It was purchased by Hon. Thomas D. Webb, and he, his children, and grandchildren have lived there ever since. He had three daughters, Laura, Elizabeth and Adaline. Laura married Dr. Warren Iddings in 1846 ; the others never married. It was the intention of Mr. and Mrs. Edwards to use the house as two wings, erecting a main house between them. Mr. Edwards' early death prevented this. The house is a little larger than the original, Mr. Webb having added a kitchen at the rear. It is in good condition. Miss Iddings has a number of pieces of fine old furniture which have withstood the wear of time. In 1844 or '45 Mr. White designed and made a sofa in the shop which stood north of the Presbyterian church. It was covered with brocade haircloth purchased by him in New York City. It has stood in the parlor of Mr. Webb and the Iddings family ever since, and the wood, the haircloth, nor the springs show wear. THE CALVIN PEASE HOUSE. Another old house which has withstood the ravages of time is now owned by Timothy Case and stands just east of Edward Smith's house on Market street. This was built by Judge Calvin Pease before 1816. His office stood on the same lot, but it was not of brick, as was the house, and was moved early to the lot next the corner of Vine street and made into the house where Frederick Shaler so long lived. Two men who have always been much interested in the history of Trumbull county were born in this house, one, Irwin Ladd, born in 1828, and the other, Arthur Woodrow, born many years later. The Pease house stood on a hill almost di. rectly north of the Webb house. A sharp embankment led down to a small creek which ran through Harmon Austin's place on High street diagonally through the lots between, on to John Campbell's place on Market, and the into what was then Mr. Pease's land. It eventually crossed South street and emptied into the canal. This house was situated on the land known as the "Pease Addition" and was kept in the family until a very few years ago. It was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Orlando Morgan for a number of years. Mr. Pease had planted trees and bushes, and these bore fruit within the recollection of the children of the late '6os. However, none of these children ever had the faculty of passing the watchful eye of Mrs. Morgan and never enjoyed the pleasure of eating stolen fruit. RICHARD IDDINGS AND FAMILY HOMESTEAD. The home of Hon. Richard Iddings, one of the stanchest of the early settlers, is in good repair today and stands east of the home Miss Mary Iddings on Market street. After Mr. Iddings ceased to occupy it, it was sold W. 0. Forrest and passed through the hands of several others. It now belongs to L. W. Sanford. Richard Iddings came to Warrens in 1806. He was a tailor, and had his business over the store of Henry & Charles Smith. He was elected to the legislature in 1830, together with Rufus P. Spaulding. His children were Lewis J., Morris, Warren, Hiram and Elizabth. Richard Iddings died in 1872. He married Justina Lewis, of Reading, Pennsylvania woman of sweet character, and at first they lived in a house where the Park Hotel now stands. Later they erected a house on the west side of the lot and in 1829 built the house which their children occupy. This is one of the oldest houses in the city. Mrs. Iddings belonged to a substantial family of Reading, and in 1821 her sister Betsey came to live with her, The Iddings home was one of the most hospitable in the city. It was constantly full of HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE- 175 guests and Mrs. Iddings and her sister made all feel welcome. PIONEER WOMAN SUFFRAGIST. Betsey Lewis was one of the strongest charcters Warren has ever had. So far as we know she was the first woman suffragist in the town or county. She was a constant reader, perfectly familiar with all phases of political `questions, and although gentle like her sister, was sprightly and active both in body and mind. She was greatly interested in the questions which preceded the war, and died just as the war was. breaking out. It is hard for us to realize it, but so muddy was Market street in the days of the early thirties that when Mrs. Iddings and her sister wished to call on the neighbors across the street they went on horseback. MR. AND MRS. SAMUEL CHESNEY. Samuel Chesney, who Was born in Juniata county, Pennsylvania, in 1778, came to Warren in 1803. He had taught school in Pittsburg before settling here and held the office of deputy postmaster for a long time, and was justice of the peace. Among the men who came late in the fall of 1799 was Benjamin Davison. He put up a cabin below the Fusselman farm, near Mr. Case, and went east, bringing his family the next May. There were ten children. It was at this house that the boys who went to Salt Springs with the party at the. time the Indians were killed, stopped at the end of their three-mile run. Samuel Chesney married Mary Davison and their first home was on Market street, where Albert Guarnieri now has his fruit store. This block is still owned by the family. of Lewis Iddings and was built on the land of Mr. Chesney. For many rears it was called the "Empire Block." Mr. Lewis Iddings married Jane Chesney. Their children are Miss Mary Iddings, Mrs. H. C. Baldwin, Mr. S. C. Iddings, and Louis M. Iddings, consular agent to Egypt. When Jane Chesney was a little girl she lived in this house and used to attend the Academy. The court house yard was dreadfully muddy and the streets almost impassable. When she got her first rubbers and was able to keep her shoes clean, it made such an impression upon her that she never forgot it. When Jane Chesney married Louis Iddings they moved into the house which the family now occupy, so that Mrs. Iddings' entire life was spent on Market street in this city. Mr. Samuel Chesney built a house on Chestnut street which is still standing. It was between Market and South streets on the east side, but some years since was moved back to make room for a new building. Here Samuel Chesney died. At one time the fashionable part of town centered around the corner of Main and South streets. Here lived Judge Francis Freeman, Samuel L. Freeman, John McCombs, Henry Smith, Charles Smith and Mathew Birchard and their wives and children of course. THE BIRCHARD HOMESTEAD. The Birchard homestead was very near the river, and was very attractive in its early days. Judge Birchard was a man of large acquaintance among public men. In 1841 he married Jane Elizabeth Weaver, daughter of Captain William A. Weaver. She was a gentle woman of education and pleasing manners. Their daughter, Jane, was the leader among the girls of her time. She married Frank Mason, now consul general to Paris. Mr. Maso was a son of Edson Mason, of Niles. Frank and his wife, Jane, have spent the greater part of their married life abroad, he going into the consular service in 1877. Mrs. Birchard died in Paris since this work was begun. The people of today, when they pass the Birchard homestead, now owned by Jacob Kaofsky, and see the yard piled high with junk, cannot imagine how attractive this place was in the early days. MAIN STREET IN THE OLD DAYS. A sidewalk as wide as the general sidewalk on Main street followed down the west side of 176 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE the Main street nearly to the canal bed. On the edge of this walk was a row of locust trees. The first house below the railroad track belonged to Mr. Bullard ; the second house was the property of Henry W. Smith. Here he and his large and attractive family lived for many years. After a time they moved out onto the farm now owned by the estate on the Youngstown road, and Mr. Goldstein, long a successful merchant in Warren, occupied this house. Later it was owned by Mrs. Nancy Dawson and upon Mayor Dawson's death it became the property of the B. & O. railroad. In the original, it stood high, had basement rooms, a wide hall leading through it and was a very attractive place. The children of the late '60s remember this place because of the apricot tree which stood in the back yard. When the railroad people secured it, they set it on the ground, turned it quarter about and no semblance of the old building is left. The next house to the south was that owned by David Tod and later became the homestead of M. B. Tayler, whose large and kindly family made the house seem more like a boarding school than. a home. Nine girls in one house, with two boys thrown in, is something to make the homes in apartments today seem like playhouses. The next and last house was the home of Charles Smith. He, too, had a goodly family, and being of a very sociable nature, had much company aside from the relations. So, in this row lived the three children of Charlotte Smith, one of the stanchest and best of Warren's early citizens. LEICESTER KING HOUSE. Mr. Leicester King built, about 1828, the house which is now occupied by the children of Henry W. Smith, fronting Monument Park, on Mahoning avenue. At the time this building was constructed it was thought to occupy the finest location in the city and opinion .in regard to it has not changed. Its colonial hall, high ceilings, natural wood, are as acceptable now as then. It has been occupied only b three families in all these years, those of Mr King, Mr. H. C. Belden and Mr. Smith. THOMAS AND CHARLES KINSMAN HOME. The home of Thomas and Charles Kinsman, standing between the Smith and the Perkins home, is one of the old buildings, and by many architects considered to be the finest of any home in the city. Certainly the southern exposure with its wide porch, its high pillars, is most attractive to persons driving up Mahoning avenue. This house remains about as it was built, in 1835, having been repaired somewhat but not changed except the hall, which was extended clear through the house. Frederick Kinsman married Laura Pease, the brilliant daughter of Calvin Pease. His first wife, Olive Perkins, sister of Hon. Henry B. Perkins, whose children died in infancy, lived but a little time. Frederick and Cornelia Kinsman had five sons, and at their home have been entertaining more people of note, more old residents coming back for visiting, and more of the town people, than in any other one house. Mr. Kinsman was a man very much interested in the early welfare of the city, was one of the associate judges, gave his advice and his opinion to all who asked for it and was most practical in that advice. He and his family were interested in the raising of fruits, vegetables and flowers, so that his place had a special attraction for friends. and visitors. Mrs. Kinsman was a genial, capable, loving woman, and was one of the most popular persons Warren has ever had. Her sons adored her and she was for many years the leading worker in the Episcopal church and in town philanthropy in general. Mr. Kinsman long survived his wife, and four sons, John, Frederick, Thomas and Charles, are living, Henry, the youngest, dying before the father. Another old house is the one at the end of Pine street where the river turns. It was owned at one time by Mr. Charles Smith, and was known among the children as the haunted HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE - 177 house. The date of its erection is not exactly own. THE PERKINS HOMESTEAD. One of the early houses still in existence is that of General Simon Perkins. Its site was about the same as that of the present Perkins homestead on Mahoning avenue. It was a frame house, of good lines and of medium size. Standing in the same yard, east of the present office, stood General Perkins' office. Here is (Loaned by the Tribune.) HOMESTEAD OF THOMAS AND CHARLES KINSMAN. where he did so much of the business for the Connecticut Land Company. After he had lived in his home some years a Boston architect was employed to make some changes. At that time this architect built the house now occupied by J., P. Gilbert, at the corner of Mahoning avenue and Monroe street. After Mrs. Perkins' death, the homestead was closed for a number of years and about 1870 it was moved onto the farm now owned by the Perkins estate, in Howland, just outside the city limits. The front is substantially the same now as then but it has an addition. It is in fine repair. One of the other early houses still standing is that known as the Southworth house, standing on the corner of Chestnut and South streets. This was built prior to 1816, was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Silas Southworth. Their nephew, Silas Davis, still lives in Trumbull county. THE QUINBY RESIDENCES. Ephraim Quinby's first house stood on the site of the Erie depot, and was of logs ; the second house was a frame one, or at least partially frame, and stood on the lot occupied by Mrs. Gifford on Highland avenue, while the Quinby home familiar to the people of today was erected by Samuel Quinby at rather early date and stands on the high point of land at the head of Highland avenue, known until recently as "Quinby Hill." It is now the property of John Long, who has lived all his life in Warren, and whose father lived here before him. Vol. I-12 178 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE OLD FREEMAN HOME. Another old house is that standing on the northeast corner of Main and South streets. This was known as the old Freeman home. It was built by Judge Francis Freeman, occupied later by his daughter, Olive Freeman Ratliff, by his son, Samuel L. Freeman, was a boarding house for years and is now the waiting station of the Mahoning Valley Street Car Company. The brick house standing at. the east of. the Freeman house was built, about 1848, for Samuel L. Freeman and occupied by him before moving into the house on the corner. All of these homesteads in this part of the city depreciated in value and were sold by the owners after the Mahoning railroad was established, the noise and the dirt making this section of the town undesirable as a residence section. Three of the old one-story wooden schoolhouses are still standing. That known as the north school is on the rear of Mrs. Eunice Hawkins' lot next to the Prospect street schoolhouse. The one on East High street was moved to the rear of General Ratliff's lot at the time he erected his brick dwelling and became part of the stable. The Fulton street building now stands on Clinton street, is used as a dwelling and is owned by Mrs. Beahr. The house on the southeast corner of Park and High streets, formerly the homestead of John Harsh, was erected in the neighborhood of 1820. Its architecture was the common one for brick houses of that day. The lot on which it stands is one of the most desirable in the city. The home of Lewis Hoyt, on South street, now owned by his daughters, Annie and Abbie, was built in 1820. Oliver Brooks' house stood within a block of the Hoyt house, on the north side of the same street. This was one of the early hospitable homes. A few years since it was moved to the rear of the lot, and now stands where it can be seen from Park avenue, and back of the house which the Seelys early occupied. IDDINGS MAP OF 1816. Mr. Lowis M. Iddings in contributing "Sketch of the Early Days of Warren" to the "Mahoning Valley Ohio Historical Collection,” made a map which is so interesting and so accurate that we are reproducing it here. Mr. Iddings as consular agent (practically minister) to Egypt, and is so far distant that we cannot ask his permission. He is greatly interested in the old-time history because of his family connection, and we feel sure will be glad to have the readers of this history in possession of this information, especially as the volume above referred to is out of print and this information should be preserved. In the following explanations, which correspond with the numbers on the map, the streets are called by names, familiar to us now, although they were originally numbered—Main street being No. 1, High street No. 2, Market street No. 3, South street No. 4, Liberty street (Park avenue) No. 5. Mahoning avenue was considered to be only a continuation of No: 1. But neither numbers nor names were often used for many years. As is the case in smaller places today, in familiar conversation, localities were known by the names of the persons living; in the neighborhood. 1. Mill and dam, but by Lane and Daily 1802, owned in 1816 by Mr. James L. VanGorder. 2. The Henry Lane house, now owned and occupied by William H. Baldwin. 3. The house of Mrs. Rowe. 4. House of Mr. Jacob Harsh. 5. House in which, at one time, lived a Mr. McFarland. 6. House of General Simon Perkins (the home of Eliza B. Perkins now it here). 7. House built by George Phelps. 180 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE 8. House and blacksmith-shop of Mr. Reeves. 9. Log house built by Mr. James Scott, and torn down a short time since. For many years it was covered up in the Graeter House. 10. House of Dr. John B. Harmon, now occupied by Dr. Julian Harmon. 11. House of Mr. George Parsons ; a new house in 1816, or built so soon thereafter that it is with propriety placed on the map. 12. The jail. 13. House of Mr. James Scott. 14. House of Mr. David Bell.  15. Cabin of "John Jerrodell." 16. House and office of Judge Pease ; house still stands. 17. House of Mr. Richard Iddings. 18. House of George Mull ( ?). 19. House of Mark Wescott. 20. Foundations of the old Western Reserve Bank building. 21. House and store of Asael Adams, where the Franklin Block now is. 22. The "Shook" house. 23. House of Mrs. M'Williams. 24. A shop kept by ____, occupied by Mr.Uhl. 25. House of Captain Oliver Brooks ; still stands. 26. House of Mr. Thomas D. Webb ; in good repair ; occupied by Elizabeth, William and Frank Iddings. This house was built in 1807 by Mr. John S. Edwards, and is probably the oldest building in Warren, unless forty-six is older. 27. House of Mr. Hake ; still stands. 28. House of Jonathan Rankin. 29. House and tannery (in the rear) of Mr. James Quigley. 30. House of Elihu Spencer. 31. House of Mr. Zebina Weatherbee. 32. House of Mr. Samuel Chesney. 33. A store occupied at one time by Mr. William Bell and Mr. James Quigley. 34. "Castle William," or the Cotgreave house. 35. For many years the site of the first hotel in the place. 36. In 1816 probably a hatter's shop ; afterward a store kept by Judge King. 37. Four stores in which Wheeler Lewis, the Quinbys and the Austins were in business. 38. House of Judge Calvin Austin. 39. House of Tony Carter. 40. House of Mr. Jeduthen Rawdon. 41. The Western Reserve Bank. (Union National Bank now.) 42. Little log house, in which George Loveless probably opened the first store in Warren. 43. The Leavitt House, for many years a hotel and later known as the Walter King place. 44. Building, probably erected by Mr. Adamson Bentley, and in which he engaged in mercantile business. From this building the first number of the Trump of Fame now the Western Reserve Chronicle, was issued in 1812. 45. House in which, in 1816, lived Mr. Jeremiah Brooks (great-uncle of Mr. James Brooks). It was built by Mr. Ephraim Quinby during the first summer he was here, in 1799. Attached to it was the first jail in Trumbull county. In front of it (b) were the corncribs between which the first court was held. 46. House of Judge Francis Freeman, nor the eastern .end of the Austin House. 47. Mill and carding machine. This last had just been erected by Levi Hadley, and was sold in this year to Mr. Benjamin Stevens. HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE- 181 48. House of one Morrow. 49. House of James Ellis. 50. House of Mr. Burnett. 51. House of Mr. Quinby. 52. The "old court-house," then in an unfinished state. a, b and c are explained on the map. FIRST SERMON PREACHED IN WARREN. The first sermon preached in Warren, Trumbull county, was June 8, 1800. In 1803 ten men and women organized the Concord Baptist church, with the "Philadelphia confession of faith." The members of this movement were the members of the Dally family, and the children of Isaac Ewalt, now residing in Howland, are descendants. A few months later, five members joined the church by baptism and the laying on of hands, and among these was John Reeves. JOHN REEVES. William J. Kerr, in "One Hundred Years of Baptist History in Warren, Ohio," says : "John Reeves, at whose home in Howland many church meetings and preaching services were held in the year to follow, proved to be one of the most valuable members the church ever had. He was a member until his death, 1851. He was one of the six who refused to leave the church and faith in the schism of 1828. L In the year 1805 he represented the Concord Baptist church as a delegate to the Mahoning Baptist Association, held in Mill Creek (Youngstown). He presented the letter and the credentials of the church, upon which the Concord church was received into the Mahoning Association." CONCORD OR FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. In 1810 Adamson Bentley became the regular pastor, and the congregation grew under his teachings so that in 1821-'22 a church was built on High street where the Christian church now stands. The land upon which this church stood was deeded "by Ephraim Quinby to the trustees o of the Baptist church, called Concord, their heirs and assigns, to be used for Baptist church purposes only." (Kerr.) At this time there were twenty-six members, fourteen of whom were men. "A portion of the church membership was in Youngstown and vicinity, and for three or four years the church met half the time at that place." The two families which clung to the Baptist church were those of Ephraim Quinby and John Reeves, six people in all. In 1834 seven people rejuvenated the Baptist church, and the next year passed a resolution withdrawing the hand of fellowship from all who had departed from the faith of the regular Baptist church. The same year the church was re-incorporated and in 1836 it joined with the Beaver Baptist Association and rater the Trumbull Baptist Association, at the time of its formation. Among the members of this Baptist church were some of the hardiest and most enthusiastic men and women of the community. Among the ministers who have served that church were Rev. William Winters, Lewis Ranstead, E. T. Br0wn, Allen O. Fuller, John T. Wilson, Rev. J. P. Stevenson, Rev. J. S. Hutson, Rev. J. S. Rightnour, Rev. William Codville, Chester F. Ralston, Rev. F. G. Bouton and Rev. W. E. Barker. The first church building of this resuscitated organization was erected on lands given by John Reeves, on Pine street, between High and Market, and is still standing. It is in a very dilapidated condition and has been used as a shop, laundry and second-hand store. In 1893 the name was changed from Concord to First Baptist. In 1894 the fine new church now standing on High street was completed. It cost $23,000. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterian, organized on the plan of the Union, was the second church in Trumbull county. There were occasional preachings from 1803 to 1808, and in 1820 they had their first regular pastor. In 1830 the lot on which the church stood was bought and the 182 - HISTORY OF THE WESTERN RESERVE building erected. It was dedicated in 1832. In 1849 it was repaired and served until 1855, when it was torn down to make room for the present one. The Presbyterian bell is the oldest in the city. It was bought in 1832. It used to be rung to announce to the citizens the joys and sorrows of the people of the community and to call out folks in case of danger, or to call them together for important meetings. The church has had twelve regularly installed. ministers, and six ministers who have served as pulpit supplies for periods of from six to eighteen months each :