736 - HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,

CHAPTER. XI.

FIRE PROTECTION--WATER WORKS--BOARD OF HEALTH--POLICE--WORK HOUSE --CITY PRISON--INSURANCE STREET RAILWAYS--DAYTON GAS- LIGHT AND COKE COMPANY--TELEGRAPHS.

FIRE PROTECTION.

In the early history of the city, fires were fought with whatever means were suggested at the time of need. Often the flames were stayed by tearing down either the burning building or the houses adjoining it, The male portion of the village, and sometimes the female portion, promptly responded to au alarm of fire. each person carrying one or more buckets, iu which water was passed along a line. formed from some convenient water supply, and thrown on the burning building, There was but little loss by fire in the village previous to the burning of the house and shop of George C. Davis on February 6, 1815, aud no arrangements for protection from fire, other than those mentioned above, were made until after the burning of the Cooper Mills on the old race, on the north side of Water street, just east of Mill street, This fire occurred on June 20, 1820, aud in addition to the gist-mill, fulling-mill and machinery, consumed 4.000 bushels of wheat aud 2,000 pounds of wool. It was a large fire, and brought before the people the necessity for more efficient means of protection from the destructive element, Steps were soon taken looking to the organization of' a fire company, Ladders were provided by the Town Council, that were to be kept hanging in the market house on Second street, ready for use at any time ; and, by ordinance of the Council, every householder was required to procure two "leathern buckets," with his name painted thereon, to be kept in a convenient place, readily accessible to any one when an alarm of fire was given. These fire buckets and the ladders at the market house then constituted the total apparatus of the first fire department of the village, At the time of' the burning of George Grove's hat store and J, M, Hollis' jewelry store, November 11, 1824, the ladders had been misplaced, aud the flames were so fierce that the " bucket brigade " could render but little aid, After this, Council determined to buy a hand engine, and accordingly, in the spring following, placed $226 in the hands of' a Dayton merchant who was going East, with which to buy an engine in Philadelphia, The engine was purchased, but did not reach Dayton until a year afterward, when a company to operate it was organized, This company was organized as the Dayton Fire Engine Company, at the court house, on Saturday, March 10, 1827, at which time the following officers were elected : George C, Davis, Captain, S, B, Cleveland, First Engineer ; S, Johnson, Second Engineer ; Samuel F Bacon, Third Engineer, The engine was fed by a bucket line, while the water was thrown out by turning a crank at the side of the engine,

A hook and ladder company was also organized at the same time, and the following officers elected : Joseph Hollingsworth, Captain ; Thomas Morrison, First Director ; Oliver Van Tuyl, Second Director ; James Irwin, Third Director The hooks and ladders were kept in the market house, where, at a time of alarm, the members of the company would rally, take the hooks and ladders on their shoulders, and carry them to the fire,

In the winter of' 1827-28, Council paid $112,50 for eighty-eight leather buck ets, one-half to be kept on the engine and the rest distributed among the members of' the company, to be kept at their homes, at all times ready for use, These buckets were kept by the citizens for twenty years, inspected in April of each

CITY OF DAYTON, - 737

year by the Fire Wardens, of whom the first were James Steele, Abraham Darst, Dr, Job Haines, Alexander Grimes and Matthew Patton. They were appointed by Council in March, 1827. as the First Board of Fire Wardens, with John W. Van Cleve as Chief Engineer of the Fire Department,

The engine house was a small frame, built on the county lot on the west side of Main street, just south of the first alley north of the court house, It was afterward moved around on Third street, in the rear of the court house, and soon after it was taken away to give place to the two-story brick engine house which was built in 1833,

At the burning of au unoccupied frame house at the upper end of Main street, on the night of September 10, 1833, Charles R. Greene, one of the Fire Wardens. ordered Matthew Thompson, a bystander, into the " line " passing water to the engine, and on his refusal, Greene struck him ou the head with a piece of board. At the Squire's office next day, Thompson struck Greene with a club, from the effects of which he shortly afterward died.

In 1833, fire cisterns were built at points where they could be filled by wells near by, In November of the same year, the " Safety," a hand engine with suction hose and gallery brakes, was bought of Chase & Seymour, Cincinnati, for $1,250 ; five hundred feet of hose were purchased at the same time, Soon afterward the " Safety Fire Engine and Hose Company No, 1 " was organized, aud a brick engine house built for them on the east side of Ludlow street, half way between Second street and the first alley south, The first officers of the company were James Perrine. Foreman ; Valentine Winters, Assistant Foreman ; J. D. Loomis, Secretary ; T, R. Clark. Treasurer ; Thomas Brown, Leader of Hose Detachment : Henry Diehl, Assistant Leader : William P, Huffman, Jacob Wilt, Peter Baer, Heury Buehler and Abraham Overleas, Directors,

These companies were followed by the "Independent Fire Engine and Hose Company." the " Enterprise Fire Eugiue and Hose Company," and other volunteer companies, in whose hands the safety of the city reposed until the organization of the paid fire department.

In April, 1836, an ordinance was passed giving 50 cents to each church sexton for ringing an alarm of fire.

The fire at the Journal building, on the west side of Main just south of Third street, in July, 1863, was the last large tire fought by the volunteer companies with hand-engines, Owing to the manifest inefficiency of the department as exhibited at that tire, it was decided to establish a paid fire department in the city, Accordingly, in the latter part of 1863, steam fire-engines were purchased, and the Dayton Fire Department organized, with William Patton, Chief, one Assistant Chief, aud fifteen regular firemen, Since then, the following gentlemen have served as chiefs of the department : William Gill, John Chambers, George Vail, Anthony Stevens, John H, Winder, James Lewis and D. C. Larkin, the latter being the present incumbent, The department now consists of the following companies : Central Engine Company No, 1, whose house is on East Fifth street, opposite Brown ; it is the office of the Assistant Chief who is also Superintendent of the Fire Alarm Telegraph, This company is composed of six men, and is equipped with a chemical engine, two horses, swinging harness and other necessary appurtenances. Hose Company No, 1, located at the same house, and is equipped with one horse, one reel, swinging harness and 1,500 feet of rubber hose.

Eastern Hose Reel Company No, 2 is composed of three men, and located on the west side of Webster street between Second and Third, The company has charge of the following property: One horse, swinging harness, and 1,500 feet of hose, 500 rubber,

Western Engine Company No, 2 is composed of eight men and located on the south side of Fifth street, west of Wilkinson. The equipments consist of a two-horse hook and ladder truck containing ten ladders, two horses and swinging harness, Engine Company No, 3 is in this house, and has charge of Engines Nos, 1

738 - HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

and 2, and Engine No. 3 stationed at Hope Hose House on east Third street_; also two horses and swinging harness, Hose Reel Company No, 3, located at this house, has charge of one hose reel, one horse, swinging harness and 1,600 feet of hose. This building was erected in 1876, at a cost of $10,000, The second story is divided into a chief's office, sleeping apartments, bath-room, supply-room, work-room, etc, It is handsomely furnished throughout largely by private donation, About all the work of the department is done at this house by the men.

Main Street Hose Company No, 4 is located on the northeast corner of Main aud Water streets, and consists of three men, with one horse. one reel, swinging harness and 1,500 feet of hose,

Miami Hose Company No, 5 consists of three men, and is located at the corner of Fifth and Baxter streets, West Dayton, They have one horse, swinging harness, one hose reel, 1,600 feet of hose and Hook aud Ladder Truck No, 2.

Hope Hose Reel Company No, 6 consists of three men, located on East Third street, between Terry and Morrison streets, They have one horse, swinging harness, one hose reel and 1,500 feet of hose,

The total cost of the department to the city in 1881 was $27,641.79. The total value of the property owned is $81,350,47.

The department is operated by the Gamewell's Fire Alarm Telegraph, for which a circuit of thirty miles of wire are now in use, The following is a list of the signal boxes with their location and number 4, Eastern Engine House ; 5. Central Engine House ; 6, Western Engine House 7, Hope Hose House, No, 6; 8, Ludlow and Second streets 1-2, St, Clair and Kenton streets ; 1-3, Jefferson and Third streets ; 1-4, Greer & King's foundry ; 1-5, Main Street Hose House 1-6, First and Foundry streets ; 2-1, Keowee aud Water streets ; 2-3, Valley street. North Dayton ; 2-4, Lowell and Second streets ; 2-5, Montgomery and Third streets ; 2-6, Third street and Linden avenue ; 2-7, Fifth and Allen streets 3-1, Wayne and Oak streets ; 3-2, Wayne and Richard streets ; 3-4, Fifth and Plum streets ; 3-5, High and McLain streets ; 3-6, Xenia avenue aud High street 3-7, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum ; 3-8, Xenia aveuue and Allen street ; 4-1, Hickory aud Brown streets ; 4-2. Brown and Jones streets ; 4-3, Jefferson and Chestnut streets ; 4-5, Main and Stout streets 5-1, Third and Clegg streets 5-2, Fifth and Main streets ; 5-3, Germantown aud Cincinnati streets ; 5-4, Franklin and Ludlow streets 5-6. Ludlow and Bayard streets ; 6-1, First and Bridge streets ; 6-2, Third and William streets ; 6-3. Third aud Barnett streets 6-4, Miami Hose House, No, 5 7-1, Main and McPherson streets ; 7-2, Riverside aud Salem avenues ; 7-3, Dayton View Hydraulic 7-4, Main and Rung streets,

WATER WORKS,

An ordinance was passed by the City Council in March, 1869, to submit to the people the question whether or not the city should build water-works and issue bonds to the amount of $200,000 for that purpose, This was voted upon at the annual election of municipal officers held on April 5, of that year, aud resulted in a majority of 833 votes in favor of the construction of the works by the city, Accordingly, bids were advertised for, estimates made, and on the 29th of October, the committee entered into a contract with Anderson & Kemp, of Dayton, for the construction of an engine house at a cost of $S.217,

On the 7th of January, 1870, the board of water-works trustees was established by ordinance, and the salary of the trustees fixed at $200 per annum, This day also marked the arrival of the first machinery for the works, It consisted of two of Holly's Patent Elliptical Rotary Pumps, which had a maximum capacity for pumping 2,000,000 gallons of water in twenty-four hours, The other machinery, consisting of a gang pump with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours, condensing engine of 200-horse-power and a rotary engine of 100-horse-power, was soon afterward received and the whole set up, Two wells, each twenty-five feet in diameter, were sunk September 24, on a lot corner of

PAGE 739 - BLANK

PAGE 740 - PICTURE OF H. C. EVERSOLE , DAYTON

CITY OF DAYTON - 741

High and Beacon streets, which was bought for the purpose, and on the 16th of March, 1870, the works being completed, the machinery was put in motion and the pipes filled for the first time, Ten days later the official test of the works was made, and resulted most satisfactorily to all concerned.

The total cost of construction of the works was $230,083.14, including the cost of engine-house, wells, etc.

The board of water-works organized April 13, 1870, by electing Samuel Marshall, President ; A, J, Heller, Secretary ; H. G, Marshall, Assistant Secretary and Collector ; George McCain, Superintendent ; Ezra Thomas, Assistant Superintendent ; E, J, Howard, Engineer ; Henry Farnham, Assistant Engineer. Their first report for the period ending December 31, 1870, shows the gross receipts to have been $3,168,66, aud the running expenses $10,325.85. In the same period, 92,520,560 gallons of water were delivered into the pipes and 6,948 bushels of coal consumed in the delivery, From the same report the following account of the water supply is taken : With great pleasure we have often noticed that Providence has been pleased to give the people that inhabit this portion of the Miami Valley, pure water in great abundance,"

"It was not to be wondered at that the site at the corner of High and Bacon streets was first selected for the location of the pumping works, It is well for the city that water was not obtained there in seemingly great abundance to have established the belief of being sufficient for supplying the works, Past experience confirms the belief that the change of location to the south bank of Mad River was a wise plan. Here it was hoped that an ample supply could be obtained by filtration. But in the fall of 1871, when the consumption had increased nearly twofold, the prospects were less promising.

"A long trench was made in the vicinity to serve as a kind of storage reservoir, and connected to the well by an arched conduit. Observations showed that the water pumped at the close of 1872 was fully the maximum capacity of the well, and no reserve in store for any sudden emergency in the event of fire. Recognizing the vital importance of pure water, the City Council was petitioned for an appropriation May 30, 1873, to enable the board to take the future additional supply of water from Mad River.

"On the 9th of June, 1873, Council authorized the Trustees of the Water Works, in connection with the Standing Committee of the City Council, to connect the Water Works well with Mad River, so controlling said connection by gates and filters as to exclude all impurities.

The general plan adopted by the board embraces an open space dug through the levee bank to the river, of about twenty feet in width, ninety feet in length, and an average depth of thirty feet, All the earth had to be removed on carts to a distance perhaps of two to three hundred feet, and replaced in like manner,

" Three twenty-inch lines of cast iron pipes were laid through to the river. The river end of the pipes are supported by a revetment of masonry fifteen feet high, and fifty feet in length. Bowlders of various sizes, in great quantities, are placed against the wall of masonry to within four feet of its height, Here the water will be strained before its admission. Inside the levee these supply pipes are also supported by a revetment of masonry, from which they project some three feet, with valves for controlling the water attached. The gate chamber is arranged to command delivery of water from the river into a conduit nine feet in height, and eight feet in width, extending parallel with the levee 107 feet eight inches, and passing the supply well built in 1871, distant eighteen feet, turning southward on the west side, and parallel with the old supply well sixty-one feet and six inches to its terminus. A wing branches from the main conduit nine feet three inches east of the well, and

742 - HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,

runs parallel with it ninety feet, which completes the surrounding of the well. The entire length of the conduit is 239 feet, walled up and arched over with stone, the floor in the gate-chamber being laid with stone extending into the conduit about ten feet. There are four ventilators to the conduit at suitable distances.

" The entire work was completed on the 20th day of September, being eighty-seven days from the commencement to its termination, at a cost of $9,240.12.

In 1874, a new engine and direct-acting pump, of the improved Holly patent, with a capacity of $4,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours was added, at an additional cost of $32,927,19,

The following statement shows the entire receipts and disbursements from the commencement of the Water Works, in 1870, to December 31, 1881:

RECEIPTS,

Received from sale of bonds, taxation and temporary loans from 1870 to December 31, 1881, $570,771,77: received from water rent, sale of materials and excavating service trenches from 1870 to December 31, 1880, $196,263,84; received from water rent, sale of materials and excavating service trenches from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1881, $26,233,98 ; total receipts--1870 to December 31, 1881, $793,259,59,

DISBURSEMENTS,

Expended on account of construction to April 13, 1870, by first Committee on Water Works appointed by Council, $216,289,60; appropriated by and paid to Council in 1875, on construction account, $13,793,54; appropriated by and paid to Council in 1875 to pay interest, $12,000 ; expended by the Trustees for extension and maintenance (including temporary loans made in 1870, 1872, 1873 and 1874) from 1870 to December 31, 1880, $475,834.66; expended by Trustees from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1881, $26,826,23 ; expended by Trustees from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1881 (from Water Work Improvement Fund), $41,975,67 ; total disbursements--1870 to December 31, 1881. $786,719,70 : balance in treasury January 1, 1882, $6,539,89 ; total, $793,259,59,

Cost of construction and maintenance of water works to date (December 31, 1881), exclusive of interest on bonds, same being paid by Council from the general expense fund :

Expended by Council, $230,083,14; expended by Trustees (exclusive of temporary loans paid), $539,368,93; expended by Trustees from funds advanced by property owners for street extensions. $722,69 ; total expenditures to December 31, 1881, $770,174.76 ; total cash income of works, $222,487.82 ; amount charged to accounts of parties for water rent to offset advancement made for street extension, $70.87: total, $222,558,69 : net cost to December 31, 1881, $547,616,07,

The following table shows the amount of water rents received each year since commencement of the water works :

Regular Water

YEAR, Rent Street Sprink Building Pur- Total

Assessments ling with Cart- poses, etc

1870 $2932 60 $224 56 $11 50 $3168 66

1871 9059 70 121 01 480 14 9660 85

1872 12034 15 264 95 318 59 12617 69

1873 16797 87 612 49 406 03 , 17616 39

1874 18198 14 1329 42 337 33 19864 89

1875 18526 24 2042 97 156 29 20725 50

1876 16811 88 2290 02 188 12 19290 02

1877 17355 29 2056 73 71 06 19483 08

1878 16313 11 2032 75 74 03 18419 89

1879 16873 64 1670 34 95 21 18639 19

1880 17106 58 1102 80 67 61 18276 99

1881 19571 43 1435 14 301 76 21308 33

Totals $181580 63 $15183 18 $2507 67 $199271 48

CITY OF DAYTON. - 743

The following shows the number of service conuections of different sizes made to December 31, 1881 :

1870, 462: 1871, 231 ; 1872, 129 ; 1873, 44 ; 1874, 111 ; 1875. 44 ; 1876, 32 ; 1877, 42 ; 1878, 42 ; 1879, 32 ; 1880, 42 ; 1882; 72 ; total, 1,283,

The total bonded debt of the city on account of water works is $555,000, of which $505,000 is payable May, 1885, with seven and eight per cent interest, and $50,000 (bonds issued August, 1880). with six per cent interest due in 1895.

The following is the Civil Organization of the Water Works from their commencement to December 31, 1881 :

COMMITTEE ON CONSTRUCTION OF WATER WORKS,

George Lehman, Chairman; Alexander Gebhart and George Niebert, From September 19, 1869, to April 4, 1870.

ENGINEERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION,

Wm, C, Weir, of New York, Consulting Engineer, From May 21, 1869, to April 4, 1870,

John Wiggim, Superintendent on Construction of Wells, Conduits, etc, P, Leonhard, William Trebein, George W, Hatfield and Michael Gill, Superintendents of Pipe Laying, From October 8, 1869, to April 4, 1870,

WATER WORKS TRUSTEES.

Date of Expiration

NAME, Date when Elected of Term Duration in Office.

Samuel Marhall April 4, 1870 April 7, 1873 Three years,

John Temple April 4, 1870 April 5, 1875 Five years,

John H, Balsley April 4. 1870 April 3, 1871 One year,

Jesse Demint April 3, 1871 April 6, 1874 Three years,

Jonathan E. Kenney, April 7, 1874 April 3, 1876 Three years

Josiah E. Boyer April 6, 1874 April 5, 1880 Six years,

Milton Bennet April 5, 1875 April 4, 1881 Six years,

George J, Roberts April 3, 1876 April 7, 1879 Three years,

Thomas B. Hannah April 7, 1879 April 3, 1882 Three years

John W. Butt April 5, 1880 April 2, 1883 Three years,

Luther Peters April 4, 1881 April 1, 1884 Three years,

OFFICERS,

NAME RANK Date of Expiration
Date of Appointment, of Term.

A. J. Hiller Secretary April13, 1870 March 24, 1879

George McCain Superintendent April 13, 1870 April 14, 1872

E. L Howard Engineer April 13, 1870 March 1, 1875

Henry Farnham Assistant Engineer April 13, 1870; February 13, 1871

Ezra Thomas Assistant Superintendent April 13, 1870 April 14, 1871

Frank Iten Pipeman May6, 1870 April22, 1875

H, G, Marshall Assistant Secretary October 1, 1870 April 13. 1873

S, Johnson Assistant Engineer February 13, 1871 April 26, 1873

George W, Knecht Assistant Secretary April 19, 1873 April 1, 1874

Martin L, Weaver Assistant Engineer April 26, 1873 March 1, 1875

Z. Getzendanner Assistant Engineer July 19, 1873 January 13, 1875

William A, Kenney Assistant Secretary April 8, 1874 May 1, 1881

William H. Dill Assistant Engineer February 8, 1875 May 1, 1881

Martin L, Weaver Engineer March 1, 1875

James Porter Assistant Engineer March 14, 1875 May 7, 1879

Peter Lauer Pipeman May 1, 1875 April 16, 1877

Frank Snowden Pipeman April 16, 1877 June 1, 1879

William Guinandt, Assistant Pipeman May 1, 1879 May 1, 1881

David B. Wilcox Secretary May 1, 1879 May 1, 1881

Frank Sachs Pipeman June 1, 1879 May 1, 1881

H. Vonderheide Assistant Engineer July 7, 1879 May 1, 1881

Charles W, Snyder Secretary May 1, 1881

Wiley Decker Assistant secretary May 1, 1881

Moses S, Crowell Assistant Engineer May 1, 1881 August 9, 1881

E, E, Euchenhofer Assistant Engineer May 1, 1881

Alexander Richmond Supt, Street Department May 1, 1881

B. F. Shellhouse Assistant Engineer August 9, 1881

744 - HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

During the year ending December 31, 1881, 4,264 feet of 20-inch main, 1,012 of 12-inch main and 1,612 feet of 10-inch maiu were laid, and machinery with a pumping capacity of 8,000,000 gallons per day was purchased at a cost of $55,391.45, There were 499,069,770 gallons of water pumped and distributed, being an increase of 111,572,040 gallons over the year previous, and yielding a revenue of $21,379,20. There were also 72 new service connections made, showing a marked increase in the demand for water. There are now laid 'in the city 34 miles of pipe of different sizes, and 296 fire plugs distributed throughout the city,

The officers aud employes of the water works, January 1, 1882, are : Trustees, Thomas B, Hannah President (term expires 1882); John W, Butt (term expires 1883) ; Luther Peters (term expires 1884), Office Department, Charles W, Snyder, Secretary ; A. Wiley Decker, Assistant Secretary, Pumping House Department, M, L, Weaver, Chief Engineer ; Edward Euchenhofer, Assistant Engineer ; B. F. Shellhouse, Assistant Engineer ; Charles B, Fair, Fireman ; John B, Woods, Fireman ; G, W. Clark, Wiper ; John Buckner, Laborer, Street Department, Alexander Richmoud, Superintendent Street Departmeut ; Peter Lauer, Acting Assistant Superintendeut Street Department.

BOARD OF HEALTH,

This board was established in Dayton on June 3, 1867, uuder an act of the Legislature, passed on the 29th of March, 1867, and entitled An Act to create a board of health in any city, aud to prevent the spread of diseases therein,"

Its duties and powers are described to be such as are necessary to secure the city and its inhabitauts from the evils of contagious, malignant and infectious diseases,

It is composed of the Mayor of the city, who is ex officio President of the board, and six members, appointed by Council. They appoint a Clerk and a city Health Officer, The board as first created consisted of T. D, Mitchell, Mayor. President, W, W. Laue and B, F, Wait, appointed for one year, L, Patterson. and J, W, Dietrich, appointed for two years, and C, Parker, and J, W, Butt, appointed for three years, Thomas L. Neal, Health Officer, and J, A, Marley, Clerk, The officers of the board keep a record of all deaths, from whatever cause, and of the births in the city , cause all premises to be regularly visited, and those considered unhealthy to be reported, and take every means to improve the sanitary condition of the city,

A meat inspector is appointed by them, whose duty it is to see that no tainted or unhealthy meat is sold or offered for sale by dealers, aud who is required to make an annual report of his doings to the board, In the first report of the board. for the term ending March 1, 1868, 329 deaths aud 440 births were reported, aud 63 nuisances reported as abated ; 1869, 556 deaths, 721 births ; 1870, 615 deaths, 595 births ; 1871, 596 deaths, 589 births ; 1872, 636 deaths, 328 births ; 1873, 816 deaths, 175 births ; 1874, 694 deaths, 815 births ; 1875, 637 deaths, 971 births ; 1876, 653 deaths, 940 births ; 1877, 514 deaths, 977 births ; 1878, 423 deaths, 927 births ; 1879, 622 deaths, 899 births ; 1880, 539 deaths, 1045 births ; 1881, 622 deaths, 1133 births; 1882, 750 deaths, 1110 births.

The present officers of the board are Ron, F, M. Hosier, Mayor and ex-officio. President, Dr, H, S. Jewett, B, F. Wait, Dr, R, Brundrett, Dr, J. K. Webster, C, Parker, Alfred Pruder, Dr. Thomas L, Neal, Health Officers ; Dr. E, B. Davis Clerk ; John W. Craven and John McCutcheon, Sanitary Police,

POLICE.

Previous to the incorportion of the town of Dayton, in 1805, the peace of the then hamlet was kept by the Constables 3f the township. After the incorporation of the town, on the 12th of February, 1805, a Marshal was duly elected, and with him the violators of the law had to deal until about thirteen years thereafter, when a Deputy Marshal was appointed. This form of

CITY OF DAYTON, - 745

peace conservators continued until December, 1835, when the Marshal was authorized to appoint one or more patrolmen to serve as night watchmen--an ordinance for the appointment having been passed two years previous. In April, 1837, two night watchmen were appointed in each ward. In 1841, March 27, an act was passed by the General Assembly establishing the city of Dayton, and merging the township into the corporation. At this time, or rather in the latter part of the same year, an ordinance was passed providing for the election of two City Constables, in addition to the City Marshal. In 1853, the force was increased to six men in addition to the Marshal and Constables. In this state the force continued until 1866, when it was increased to nine men, of whom one was to be Captain. February, 1867, provision was made for the appointment of special policemen, not exceeding five to each ward. In May, 1868, the Metropolitan force was organized with the City Marshal as Chief, Second Lieutenant, and twenty regulars. This arrangement lasted but about nine months, when it was abandoned, and the old form was adopted and continued for four or five years, or until 1873, when the Metropolitan was again established, with a Chief, First and Second Lieutenants, three rounds-men, three turnkeys and twenty-six patrolmen--a total force of thirty-eight men, This was reduced to twenty-eight men in 1876, but shortly afterward increased to the present number of thirty-five men in all. The first Chief was Tom Stewart, He was succeeded by William H, Morton, and he by the present incumbent, Amos Clark, The sum of $26,400 is annually appropriated by the city for the maintenance of the police. In connection with the police force mention might be made of the station houses and workhouse.

THE WORK HOUSE,

This house was established by the city in connection with the County Commissioners in 1875. the "old jail" being appropriated for the purpose. It is on the corner of Sixth and Main streets, It is a massive brick building containing two tiers of sells capable of holding sixty or seventy men, and the whole surrounded by the tall stone wall enclosing the grounds.

The men are brought here from the station houses and jail, and are compelled to break stone for the streets while serving out their time, If any women are held there, they are put to work washing, ironing, etc. The house is in charge of John Wiggim,

CITY PRISON.

The first city prison on record is one in the south end of the old Deluge engine house, It was originated in December, 1858, by the City Council, In its stead the city now has two station houses. One on Sixth street east of the canal, capable of accommodating about twelve inmates, and the other on West Third street, which is somewhat smaller, It is at these places that the turnkeys are employed,

INSURANCE,

FIREMEN'S INSURANCE COMPANY,

The original charter of this company was granted by the Legislature in the spring of 1835, limited to-twenty years, Early in June of that year, the stockholders met and elected the following gentlemen as directors, viz, : S. T. Harker, A. Grimes, John Bench. Thomas Barrett, David Stevenson, D. Z. Pierce, James Perrine, Valentine Winters, Ziba Crawford, Peter Baer, David Davis and R, P. Brown. These directors met June 5, 1835, and organized by choosing P. Baer, President pro tem,, and D, Z. Pierce. Secretary pro tem, On the 11th of the month another meeting was held, when David Stone was regu-

746 - HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

larly elected President and Henry A. Pierson, Secretary. The company's advertisement first appears in the Dayton Journal, under date of July 7, 1835, with the last mentioned officers, The certificate of incorporation of the present company dates from 1856. The capital stock pain up is $250,000, The officers for 1882 are: S, Craighead, President; J. S. Miles, Secretary; W, Worman, Assistant Secretary; V. Winters, Treasurer. The following figures will show the present condition of the company:

Aggregate amounts of available assets ........... $424,009 00

Total liabilities except capital and net surplus .. 100,357 00

Paid capital .................................................... 250,000 00

Net surplus ...................................................... 52,339 00

Income during past year ................................... 179,531 00

Expenditures during past year .......................... 151,270 00

Net amount of risks in force January 1, 1882 16,886,233 00

Losses since 1856 to January 1, 1882 .............. 614,591 33

Premiums received in same period ..................1,595,689 89

The building owned and occupied by the company, located at the south-west corner of Wayne and Second streets, is a beautiful structure, the outer walls of which are of the famous Zanesville pressed brick, the tiling used having also been obtained at that place. The architects were Messrs, Peters and Burns, of Dayton. The building is 125 feet in depth. fronting on Main street, by forty-nine and one-half in width; is four stories, a basement and a mansard-roof in height, and is one of the most elegant structures in the city. A beautiful tower rises over the front, The interior is tastefully finished and decorated, and numerous fine offices have been fitted up, that of the company occupying the first floor, with the main entrance at the northeast corner. The foundation was laid late in the fall of 1880, and in November, 1881, the company took possession of its new quarters, The value of the building and the ground on which it stands is placed at 880,000,

THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,

This company was organized January 17, 1840. with the following officers, William J. McKinney, President, and E, J. Forsyth, Secretary. The company commenced doing business in the Secretary's office, located at the southwest corner of Main and Fifth streets. The aggregate amount of available assets of the company is $300,000. The present officers are Daniel Keifer, President, and Charles D, Iddings, Secretary. The office is now at No. 32 North Main street,

THE DAYTON FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,

This company was organized February 2, 1851. It is one of the oldest joint-stock companies in the State, and operates under a special charter granted March 5, 1851. The incorporators of the company were Daniel Beckel, Joseph Clegg, William Dickey, R, Green, W. S, Westerman. R. Chambers and John Harries. The first officers were: Daniel Beckel, President, and J, L. Dodds, Secretary, In 1854, James R. Young was made Secretary pro tem, and in 1855, was elected permanent Secretary, which position he filled until 1880, when he resigned. In 1870, the company bought out the Union Insurance Company, reinsured their risks, and succeeded to the business of that company, The capital stock of the Dayton Company is $100,000, The present officers are: Hon, D. A. Haynes, President, and J, Harrison Hall, Secretary. The office of the company was first located on Third street, between Main and Jefferson; it was afterward moved to the Beckel House Block for a short time, and then to its present rooms, corner of Third and Jefferson streets.

CITY OF DAYTON - 747

THE MIAMI VALLEY INSURANCE COMPANY,

This company was organized in April, 1863, and commenced doing business in the month ftelowing, The first officers were: Jonathan Harshman, President: W. R. S, Ayres, Secretary; D. C. Bench, Treasurer. The office was opened at No. 27 North Main street, after which it was changed to No. 25 North Main Street. The paid-up capital stock of the company is $100,000. The present officers are: A, Gebhart, President, and W. R. S. Ayers, Secretary. The following figures will show the condition of the company at the last annnal report for the year ending December 31, 1880:

Aggregate amount of available assets ................ $180,883 13

Total liabilities except capital and net surplus .... 26,271 00

Paid up capital ................................................ 100,000 00

Net surplus .......................................................... 54,612 18

Total amount of premiums received since the

organization of the company .............................. 544,780 34

Total losses paid, same time ................................... 157,483 43

Cash dividends paid, same time . ............................. 113,500 00

THE TEUTONIA FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY.

This company was organized and incorporated in February, 1865, and commenced doing business on the 1st of March following, with a capital of $100,000, of which $20,000 was paid in cash, and $80,000 in stock notes, The first officers were: John Hanitch, President; J. V. Nauerth. Vice President; Henry Miller, Treasurer, and John Stoppleman, Secretary, The cash capital of the company is now $100,000, and the cash assets over $305,000. In January 1872, the company bought out and assumed the risks of the German Insurance Company of Dayton, which had then been in existence since the year 1867, In the same year the company paid up, in cash, its full capital. The present officers of the company are: Jacob Decker, President; J, B. Finke, Vice President; J. Linxweiler, Jr., Secretary; C, Schenk, Treasurer.

The total amount of premiums received by the company from

its organization to December 31. 1880, was ..................... $630,559 78

Total losses paid, same time ................................................. 39,091 78

Cash Dividends paid. same time ............................................. 141,250 00

Dividends paid in stock, same time ......................................... 20,000 00

THE OHIO FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,

This company was organized in February, 1865, with an authorized capital of $150,000. of which sum the Directors allowed only $100,000 to be subscribed for, Afterward, at the urgent request of other friends of the organization, the subscribed capital was increased to 107.500 (leaving the sum of $42,500 of the authorized capital unsold), upon which the stockholders paid the sum of $4 per share, making the paid-up, or cash capital, $21,500. With this sum, after deducting the expense of office furniture, safe and supplies, the company commenced issuing policies March 27, 1865, with the following officers: William Dickey, President; Jonathan Kenney, Vice President; W. H, Gillespie, Secretary, Directors--William Dickey, G. A. Grove, P. T. Dickey, H. M. Turner, Joseph M. Turner, John Wiggim, Jonathan Kenney, Abraham Cahill and C. L. Vallandigham.

William Dickey served as President from the organization until January, 1880. when failing health compelled him to resign. The capital was increased to $200,000 in May, 1880. The present officers are: President, J, A. Walters; Vice President, H. C, Graves; Secretary, W. H. Gillespie; Assistant Secretary, Harry Gillespie; Directors, J. A, Walters, Jonathan Kenney, George A, Grove, H. C. Graves, G. B. Harmon, S, M, Sullivan, Dr. J. C. Reeve, From the organization of the company to December 31, 1880, they received

748 - HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

$724,478 in premiums, and paid losses amounting to $248,528.25, Cash dividends, amounting to $105,250, were paid in the same time, and 886.000 in stock premiums.

THE COOPER INSURANCE COMPANY.

This company was incorporated and commenced doing business in February, 1867, with a capital stock (which is now paid up) of $100,000, The first officers were: D. E. Mead, President, and D. W. Iddings, Secretary. The office was first located at No. 32 North Main street; then, in the fall of 1871, at No. 8 North Main, and now in the Firemen's building, corner Main and Second streets. The present officers are: D. E, Mead, President, and O. J, Gunckel, Secretary. The following is a statement of the company for the period ending December 31, 1880:

Available assets ....................................... $232, 031 73

Liabilities .................................................... 72,233 26

Net surplus ................................................... 59,798 47

Premiums received since organization ........... 608,281 86

Losses paid, same time ................................ 275,631 57

Cash dividends declared, same time ............ 114,200 00

The business of the company is almost entirely confined to the State of Ohio.

THE SOUTHERN OHIO MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION.

This association, as its name implies, is a Mutual Benefit Association, paying pteicies of deceased members by making assessments on the living. It was organized under the laws of the State on the 22d of December, 1879, with the following officers: S. B, Smith, President; W, Huffman. Vice President; William Sanders, Treasurer; C. L, Geiger, Secretary; Nicholas Metz, General Agent, and G. H. Geiger, Medical Director, The present officers are the same except B. E. Hauser, Vice President, and John Kennedy, Treasurer.

THE COLUMBIA INSURANCE COMPANY.

This company was organized January 1, 1882. with a cash capital of $150,000, and cash surplus of $50,000, and no liabilities, It confines as business entirely to Ohio, The officers since its organization are, E, M. Thresher, President; O, J. Gunckel, Secretary; C, L. Seeley and W, H, Fuller, Special Agents, and E. M, Thresher, George W. Kneisly, James Linden, R, C. Schenck, Jr., Eugene J. Barney, Albert Thresher, Samuel W. Davies, D, L, Rike, Charles F. Gunckel, Directors. The company occupy rooms on the northeast corner of Main and Second,

STREET RAILWAYS.

The Dayton system of street railways comprises four routes each, con-trolled and operated by a distinct joint-stock company,

The first is called the Third Street Route, running the whole length of Third street, a distance of three and three-fourths miles, It was built in 1869-70, and has since been in successful operation. The following-named gentlemen are the officers of the company, they having held their several positions since the organization of the company: W. P. Huffman, President; H, H. Williams, Vice President; J, W. Stoddard, Secretary; George W, Rogers, Treasurer, and J. A. Kreidler, Superintendent.

The second, or Dayton View Route, was built in 1874, by a stock company, but, proving a failure, it was sold in 1876, to the present company, which consists of Messrs. Clegg, Perrine, Stout and Wood, It is three and one-half miles long and cost $45,000 per mile, It runs from Dayton View to Main street; thence to Fifth: thence to Brown: thence to Warren, and out Warren to Oakwood, The only officers of the company are C, B, Clegg, Pres-

CITY OF DAYTON. - 749

ident, and A. C. Sayer, Superintendent. They employ eleven men, thirty horses, and thirteen cars.

The Water Works and Asylum Route runs from the Water Works to Jefferson street; thence to Fifth; thence to Wayne, and on Wayne to the Lunatic Asylum. It was built in the latter part of 1871, by a company whose capital stock was $100,000. The first officers were, Samuel D. Edgar, President; Thomas Shaffer, Secretary; George W. Short, Treasurer. The present officers are, George W. Short, President; M, Ohmer, Vice President; Eugene Wuichet, Secretary and Treasurer. The cost of construction was $44,000 per mile. The company employs thirteen men and have twenty-eight horses and twelve cars.

The Fifth Street Route extends along the full length of Fifth street, and is three and one-quarter miles long. It was completed October 24, 1881, when the first cars were run. It is owned by a stock company, incorporated August 16, 1881, with $200,000 capital stock. The first officers were: A, A. Thomas, President; D. B. Corwin, Secretary and Treasurer. They employ twenty men, and have fifty-five horses and fifteen cars, The present officers are, A. A. Thomas, President; D, B. Corwin, Secretary; R. I. Cummin, Treasurer; M. H, Rawson, Superintendent.

DAYTON GAS LIGHT AND COKE COMPANY.

This company was incorporated by an act passed February 4, 1848, the incorporators being : J, D, Phillips, Valentine Winters, Robert W. Steele, Daniel W, Wheelock, Daniel Beckel, Israel F, Howells, Jacob W. Griswold, John Mills, David Winters, J. D. Loomis, David Stout and Peter Voorhees. The capital stock was not to exceed $50,000, but the work was begun on a smaller capital and under many discouragements and difficulties, the works were erected and about one mile of gas main laid before December 15, 1848. Every effort was made to have the gas ready for use by January 1, 1849, but the giving away of the large cistern of the works prevented the company from accomplishing their object. After repeated discouragements, the apparatus was at last brought into complete working order, and February 5, 1849, gas was ready for consumption. During the first few months, applications were made for more than 600 burners, and the company intended putting down, in the 1849, two miles of mains, Mr, F. C. Macy was mainly instrumental in agitating the gas subject, with which he was thoroughly acquainted, and his readiness in communicating any information called for greatly facilitated the accomplishment of the enterprise, The gas manufactured by this company was called " Crutchett's Patent Solar Gas," and on the 5th of February, 1849, " the whole town was astir, that the first sight of this brilliant and beautiful light might not be missed, The city hall was handsomely lighted by thirteen burners, a splendid chandelier with eight burners was suspended near the entrance of the hall, for exhibition, by Mr. Lockwood. It is gratifying to know that the gas company has surmounted all the obstacles which have so impeded the progress of their enterprise, and it is now about to enter the full tide of success," The above is quoted from the daily papers of February 6, 1849, and demonstrates the excitement which the new light created. The works were built by Mr. John Lockwood, of Cincinnati, the assignee of Crutchett, and the gas which was made from grease did not prove such a gratifying success as was anticipated. The company lost money in the experiment, and the works were finally destroyed by fire, In 1851, new gas works were erected after plans furnished by John Jeffrey, of Cincinnati, a distinguished gas engineer, and the work was done under the direction of J. P. Hadley. The principal building fronted 491 feet on Water street, the center was occupied as an office for the

750 - HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,

business of the company, the wings for purifying and the retort house in the rear of the main building. There was a coal-house 100x30, a tank for gas holders thirty feet in diameter and twelve feet deep, a gas holder thirty feet in diameter and thirteen feet deep, with a capacity of 13,000 cubic feet of gas and a tar tank capable of holding 1,000 barrels. The works cost 811,000, and their capacity was 36,000 cubic feet of gas per day, but so constructed as to admit of enlargement so as to generate 100,000 cubic feet per day, This gas was manufactured from coal, and the completion of the works was commemorated by a supper at the Swaynie House, on Tuesday evening. September 16, 1851. The first Board of Directors of the Dayton Gas Light and Coke Company were Daniel Beckel, David Stout, I. F. Howells, C, G, Swain and John Lockwood, On the 7th of August, 1848. I, F, Howells was elected President of the company, and M, B, Walker. Secretary, but they soon resigned, and on August 28, Daniel Beckel became President and I, F, Howells Secretary, the latter of whom served until August 10. 1849, when G, W. Rogers was elected Secretary. On the 23d of May, 1849, C, G. Swain became President, subsequently resigned and Daniel Beckel was elected August 7. and on the 29th of the same month was succeeded by S, B, Brown, who remained President until the election of William Dickey, May 26, 1853. J, M. Kerr became Secretary. November 12, 1819; was succeeded by H. Strickler, March 14, 1851 and he by John Garner in September of the same year, The latter gentleman served until the election of Samuel T. Evans. August 17, 1855:: R. R, Dickey was elected President August 17, 1855, and served in that capacity until August 2, 1858, when William Dickey was again chosen to fill that position, and remained continuously as President of the company until May 10, 18 7. at which time he resigned, He was succeeded by his son, Samuel A, Dickey, who served up to the date of his death, which occurred August 9, 1880. On the 13th of August, R, R. Dickey was elected President, and is at present filling that position. In November, 18 77, George M, Smart became Secretary, and is now occupying that office. The present officers are : R, R, Dickey. President ; H. C, Graves, Vice President ; George M, Smart, Secretary ; Joseph Light. Superintendent, the latter of whom began his duties in 1855, and has ever since been connected with the works. The present Board of Directors are : R. R, Dickey, Joseph Clegg, H C. Graves, W, P, Callahan, Simon Gebhart. Charles A, Phillips and John Harries. The old gas building erected in 1851 is now used for a condenser and washers, The present buildings were erected in 1868, and are located on Water street, between St, Clair and Mill streets. They consist of two two-story brick structures, one of which is used as a meter house and Superintendent's office, and the other for a purifying house and engine room. In 1880, the last gas holder was built with a house covering it, Its capacity is 100.000 cubic feet of gas, while the ted one holds 110,000 cubic feet. The capital stock is now $450,000. the capacity of the works, 350,000 feet of gas per day, and they have a coal house capable of holding 4,000 tons of coal. The company have now about thirty-eight miles of mains and 1.000 city gas posts. the city appropriating $19,000 per year for gas, The Dayton National Bank is the Treasurer of the company, and their office is 120 East Third street. which is neatly fitted up and occupies two rooms, The company is in a flourishing condition, and under the administration of the last three Presidents has prospered beyond the most sanguine expectations of its warmest friends,

TELEGRAPHS.

The first telegraph message received at this place was one from the constructor. O'Rielly, congratulating the people on having the telegraph to their town, It was sent September 17, 1847.

CITY OF DAYTON. - 751

In 1850, there was another line built, and shortly thereafter another. In 1856, there were the Wade line, the National or Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Louisville line, the Ohio, Mississippi & Illinois, or O'Rielly line, and the House Printing line, all doing business in one room on the corner of Third and Main streets. In 1857, the Wade and House Printing Companies consolidated, forming the Western Union, and in the year following the two remaining companies were merged into it. The first manager was W, J. Delano, who was also Superintendent of the district, He served as manager one year, when he was succeeded by J. H, Kiersted. E. J. Lane became the manager in 1867, and served until 1881, when he was succeded by John Voorhes, the present incumbent.

The Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Company opened an office here in 1870, in a room. No. 10, North Jefferson street, It was successively managed by J, D. Dunning, W. G. Whitehurst, John Voorhes, Lowe and W. H. Kiefer. It also was purchased by the Western Union, and merged into that company.

The American Union opened their office here in February, 1880, at No, 16 South Jefferson street, under the management of John Voorhes. In 1881, this company consolidated with the Western Union, the office remaining under Manager Voorhes' supervision, at No. 16 South Jefferson street, to which place the Western Union was moved,

In 1882, the Mutual Union Telegraph Company completed their lines to Dayton, and on the 9th of March of that year, they opened an office in the old Western Union stand, under W. H. Kiefer. There are now but two offices in the city,