(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 100 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY stop and read the inscription on that "old grave stone," look at the figure of the "weeping willow," and remember it was carved there by the chisel of Jonathan Willson and his "hired hand," a Mr. Fishback ; remember the work was done in a little log shop on the spot where the brick building now stands in which is located the residence of Dr. Pugh, and reflect, that seventy-eight years ago, the little hamlet, called "Whetstone," was named Mt. Gilead, by an old bachelor, Daniel James, after a little village situated on the "Kotocktin" mountain in Loudon county, Virginia. He was a great-uncle of our honored townsman, Dr. A. D. James, and sold "goods and notions" for the village "storekeeper," Mr. Roy, whose store was located where Dr. Tucker's residence now stands. THE MEMORY PRODIGY OF MORROW COUNTY. One of the most extraordinary cases of memory united to power of arithmetical calculation was that of Daniel McCartney who resided the greater part of his life in Morrow county. The following letter and newspaper articles will explain. The latter was written by Joseph Morris, of the Society of Friends. "For many years," writes Friend Morris, "I was well acquainted with Daniel McCartney ; he has also been at my house. The first time that I remember to have seen this extraordinary man I stepped into a wagon maker's shop in Cardington on business and was introduced to Daniel McCartney, and was informed of his remarkable memory and that he could call to mind all that he had seen for twenty years. 'Yes,' said he, 'longer than that.' "I told him that my wife and I were united in marriage on the 27th of the eleventh month, 1828, nearly twenty years ago. 'Please tell me what was the day of the week ?' I noticed a thoughtful expression come over his countenance, and then almost immediately the reply came. Thursday ; you Friends call it fifth day.asked him to tell how the weather was on that day. He said it was dark and a little stormy, which was the case. He laughed and said we killed a beef that day. "I asked him if he remembered what they had on the table for dinner. He said he did, and mentioned among other things, butter, but said he did not eat butter, for he was not fond of it. At other times and on other occasions I have heard him answer questions without once giving evidence of being mistaken. I would further add he was a worthy and consistent man, I am directed by J. D. Cox, of Cincinnati, ex-governor of Ohio, to write to thee on this occasion." HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 101 From the Cardington Independent "Daniel McCartney died on the 15th of November, 1887, in Muscatine, Iowa, being a little over seventy years old. In view of the claims of Mr. McCartney and his friends as to his ability to remember the occurrences of each day since he was a boy of ten years, I feel that something more than a passing notice is required. He removed with his father and mother, Robert and Lydia McCartney, when he was sixteen years old, from Washington county, Pennsylvania, and settled irr Washington township, Morrow county, Ohio. "After living here two years the family went to live in Cardington, the same county, where the father, Robert McCartney, died soon after, leaving his son Daniel to be supported by his relatives, who lived in various parts of the county: His inability to support himself was caused by his defective vision, and although his sight became so much improved as to enable him to learn to read when he was about forty-two years old, yet it was with such great difficulty that his acquisitions can be said in no way to be due to his reading. "I will give a few extracts from the Journal of Speculative Philosophy, written by our state superintendent, in which he speaks of three severe examinations he gave Mr. McCartney. In the first he gave him twenty-four dates belonging to nineteen different years. He gave the days of the week correctly in an average of four seconds, with a description of the weather with the associating circumstances. In the second examination he was given thirty-one dates in twenty-nine different years, for which he gave the days of the week, the weather and associating circumstances. The average time for giving the day of the week was five seconds. In the third examination he repeated the fifty-five dates previously given, to which he gave the same days of the week, the same description of the weather and the same associating circumstances, in some cases adding others. "That the reader may more clearly understand what has just been written, I will give Mr. McCartney's answer to a question of my own : 'Wife and I were married on the 28th day of January, 1836, give the day of the week, the kind of weather, etc ?" He gave answer in a few seconds. 'You were married on Thursday, there was snow on the ground, good sleighing and not very cold ; father and I were hauling hay ; a sole came off the sled, we had to throw the hay off, put a new sole on the sled and load up again before we could go.' "Meeting Mr. McCartney perhaps a dozen of years afterwards, 102 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY I said to him, you told me the kind of a day I was married on. I looked him in the eye, which was the same as saying, `If your memory is as good as you claim you can repeat what you said on the former occasion.' He replied instantly, 'yes, it was on the 28th day of January, 1836,' and repeated the same story of his father and himself hauling hay, etc. My wife asked, 'What kind of a day was the 16th of February, 1837 ?' He instantly threw up his hands and exclaimed, 'Oh, how it snowed !' which we knew to be true. At the same time I read (perhaps half a dozen) passages from the Bible, taken at random. Their exact location, book, chapter and verse were immediately given. "I then gave him a number of mathematical problems, such as multiply 786 by 392 ; what is the cube root of 357,911, etc.; to all of which he gave answers obtained mentally, and all were correctly given. I will give a few extracts from a committee's report of the result of an examination held in Columbus, March 29, 1871, which was sufficient to shake the scepticism as to the correctness of all Mr. McCartney's claims. The Hon. E. E. White conducted the arithmetical examinations, Rev. Phillips the Biblical examination, and T. C. Mendenhall, of the Columbus High School, attested the accuracy of answers as to the days of the weeks. "One of the arithmetical questions asked was : What is the cube root of 4,741,625 ?' to which a correct mental answer was given in a few seconds. Another problem was ‘increase 89 to the sixth power ;' he gave the answer obtained mentally in ten minutes. 496,984,290,961. The committee concluded their report in these words : `Mr. McCartney's experiences seem to be ready to appear before him at his bidding in all their original distinctness, which shows clearly that among the prodigies of memory recorded in history in the front rank must be placed Daniel McCartney. "From the Cleveland Leader of April 19, 1871, I give the following extract : The exhibition was a most full and unanswerable argument in support of the claim that Daniel McCartney has no peer ; his peculiar gifts are more varied and wonderful than any other.' I knew of several attempts to exhibit Mr. McCartney to the public, all of which proved to be failures as far as money-making was concerned. The last attempt I knew of was made by a prominent citizen of our own county in the year 1871. When my opinion as to the success of the enterprise was asked, I told the agent that it would be a failure, not from any defects of McCartney in heart or mind, but because the capital he intended to invest was intellectual (the powers of soul) and not physical. I said, `If you HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 103 were showing the double-headed baby the public would be charmed at the sight. No one would be so poor as not to be willing to give his fifty cents. But his prominent traits are those of the mind, which soared so far above the majority of the public as to be lost to their view.' "How very few people there are who can realize the powers of a mind that can solve an arithmetical problem in the cube root mentally in a few seconds. Or how few are there who could realize the powers of memory by which Mr. McCartney could summon every prominent act of his life into his presence with all their original distinctness ; or how very few there are who could tell whether the statements made by him were true or false. No one could tell unless he had kept a record of the occurrences of days and dates for the last fifty or sixty years. Such a record has been kept by many of our citizens, to whom the majority must look for a knowledge of the facts. In early life Mr. McCartney made a profession of religion by uniting with the Methodist Episcopal church, and remained a worthy, consistent member to the close of his life." MRS. SMITH DEMUTH'S RECOLLECTIONS. Below is given a brief history of Morrow county as written by Mrs. Smith DeMuth, whose grandparents were pioneer settlers. The paper was read at a meeting of the Current Topics Club and printed in the Morrow County Independent. "The historian of Morrow county is handicapped by the fact that its history proper only extends back to 1848, when it was formed from Delaware, Marion, Richland and Knox counties. It was named after Jeremiah Morrow of Warren county, who was governor of Ohio from 1822 to 1826. The area is about four hundred and fifty square miles and the population is 17,879. In 1850 it was 23,350, a loss of 5,457 since that time. Sixty years ago large families were the rule and were considered a blessing; today it is the reverse. "Morrow county lies, just south of the summit that divides the waters of the lake and the Ohio river. The most of the surface is level and average fall is less than one inch to the hundred feet. It was first settled immediately after the war of 1812, the settlers coming principally from the south and east, and a grand race of people they were. It was a case of the survival of the fittest. The beautiful farms that cover our fair county comprise one of the 104 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY heritages they left us, monuments that will commemorate their work better than marble or bronze. We little know the hardships they endured. They came into dense forests, cleared away a few trees, with those trees erected a cabin, and then felled a few more trees each season, clearing a little more ground and raising a little more grain. "My grandfather White, who lived in Bennington township, has stood on the porch, or 'stoop,' as they then called it, of his cabin, and shot deer and wild turkey. My grandfather Horr, who some of you knew, helped raise the first log cabin built in Carding-ton. He rode up here from Bennington, worked all day and rode home at night, a ride of more than eighteen miles. He received for his day 's labor a three gallon iron kettle, which my mother now has. My grandmother was terribly pleased with the kettle, which she could hang on the crane in the fireplace and cook many a good dinner in. The cabin was erected for John Shunk, who started a little store in it. The cabin now stands on the banks of the race and is used for a stable. "Morrow county produces all the staples that are raised in the middle west. The first grist mill was erected by Asa Mosher, half way between Mt. Gilead and Cardington. The old timbers were still visible a few years ago. Previous to the building of the canals and railroads the only market was the lake, which furnished employment for a great many teamsters. My grandfather Horr used to take a load of wheat to Sandusky, bringing back salt and tea and coffee, the neighbors coming for miles to get these luxuries. It generally took him two to three weeks to make the trip. This of course was in the summer. time, as in the winter the roads were almost impassable. "Morrow county is noted for its thrift and the intelligence of its citizens. It has produced such men as Calvin S. Brice, Gen. John Beatty and Albert P. Morehouse, afterwards governor of Missouri ; also Daniel McCartney, the man of wonderful memory, who could tell what kind of a day it was for twenty or thirty years back. The wonderful double babies were born in Morrow county, one of the most wonderful curiosities of the world. I was fortunate enough when a young girl to see these babies. They were being exhibited in Newark, where we then lived and my mother was a schoolmate of the mother of them. They lived to be about nine months old. “Morrow county is blessed with good water and grass, and in some places has fine stone quarries. It has an abundance of HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 105 churches and school houses, and it is a question of but a short time till she will have good roads and rank as the fairest county in the state. There are many societies and clubs, but only one of any particular note, namely the Current Topic Club of Cardington. "Morrow county, politically, is known as the 'crank county' on account of its independent voters. Every new political fad finds a lodgment in the county. I have lived in this county a good many years, find it a fine place in which to live, and think that one could go far and fare worse." CHAPTER VII. FARMING IN MORROW COUNTY. RICH AND VARIED SOIL-MIXED HUSBANDRY-AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS- FIRST FARM MACHINERY-UNDER DRAINING AND DITCHING-GRASS CROPS AND LIVE STOCK-FRUIT CULTURE-THE FARMERS' BROADENING LIFE- MORROW COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY (BY ROBERT F. BARTLETT) -" JOHNNY APPLESEED" (BY A. J. BAUGHMAN) . Farming in the pioneer period was far different from what it is now. Then the farmer's home was a cabin of logs and he lived in the simplest manner and with the strictest economy. His room was warmed and his feed was cooked by a fire in a 10-plate stove, which sent the gases up the flue of a solitary chimney that rose from one end of the cabin. His food was chiefly game and Indian corn ; later, fresh meat was added. With the exception of the game, everything he ate grew upon his own land. Everything he wore was made under his own roof. The good wife and her daughters cultivated the garden patch that lay near the house, trained the honeysuckles that shaded the door, spun the flax and woolen yarn, wove the cloth and when harvest came worked in the field. Great changes have taken place since then which have caused almost an entire revolution in the methods of carrying on agricultural operations ; changes so radical in character, that many of our young farmers can neither realize nor understand how such a radical transformation could take place in any business in so short a period as a century. On the farm the flail and wind mill have gone, never to return, and in their stead comes a machine that threshes, separates and cleans the grain with such astonishing rapidity and perfection as to be a source of wonder, even in this day of progress. And in the home the changes have been no less radical and distinct. The old spinning wheel, whose merry hum seemed an accompaniment to the cheerful song of our maternal ancestors, as they tripped across the uncarpeted floor of the" rude pioneer cabin, while engaged in spinning the yarn that was to - 106 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 107 make clothes for themselves and families, has been transferred to the parlor or stored in the attic ; while the rapid click of the new sewing machine has relieved the busy housewife of the slow and tedious stitch that was the cause of much weariness in the performance of her household duties. RICH AND VARIED SOIL. The chief resource of Morrow county lies in the rich and varied soil it possesses.    It is an agricultural rather than a mining tn manufacturing county.   It partakes largely of the prominent features that are common to the greater part of north and northwestern Ohio, except that Morrow has not that flatness of surface and sameness of agricultural capacity that characterizes so much of that area. Morrow county is situated very near, but a little north of the center of the state, and is just south of the great watershed just far enough to have a slow drainage into the Ohio river. It is bounded on the north by Crawford and Richland counties, east by Richland and Knox, south by Knox and Delaware, and on the west by Delaware and Marion. Its form is nearly that of a rectangle, lying north and south. Its western boundary is broken by its wanting a township in the northwest corner, and by its including Westfield on the southwest. MIXED HUSBANDRY. The prevailing system of agriculture in Morrow county, may be properly termed that of mixed husbandry. Specialties find no favor with the farmers. The practice is to cultivate the various kinds of grain, and grasses, and to raise, keep and fatten stock, the latter business being the leading pursuit of three-fourths of the farmers. Provided with a rich and varied soil, the average farmer has not felt the need of studying the principles of such branches of learning as relate to agriculture, and frequently hesitated to accept, or rejected the teachings of science. A few persons, however, were found at a comparatively early day who brought to the business of farming that amount of patient investigation which the greatest industry of this country demands Farmers are becoming less and less unwilling to learn from others, and the husbandry of the county is attaining a commendable thoroughness, and is rapidly improving in every respect. 108 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Owing to the richness of the soil, the subject of fertilizers has not received the attention which it has obtained in many other parts of the state. Phosphates and plasters are seldom used, and many have scarcely exercised the customary care in preserving the ordinary accumulation, much less to add to this store the artificial means. There are many fields to be found in the county that have been cropped with wheat or corn for years without renewing or fertilizing, and others have only been relieved by a rotation of crops. The practice has, in most cases, born its legitimate result, and awakened a decided interest in this vital subject in late years. Rotation of crops is now being gradually introduced, corn being the first crop planted on sod ground, followed by oats or flax and then wheat. Nothing is more strikingly apparent in an agricultural survey of Morrow county than the entire absence of anything like specialties in cultivation. The aim of the early settlers was obviously to derive from their lands a simple subsistence, and to this end a system of mixed husbandry was a necessity. The famous June killing frost of 1858 operated disastrously all over the state. The first damage was done on Friday night. On the following night came a "killing frost," that left scarcely a vestige of the growing crops alive. Corn was about eight or ten inches high, and potatoes had reached the growth that made the effect of the frost most damaging. All grain was ruined and the people suddenly found themselves brought face to face with the prospect of starvation. On the Sunday following the churches were most all very much deserted. The farmers wandered aimlessly through their stricken fields, while the villagers thronged the country, anxious to measure the extent of the disaster which had involved town and farms alike Fortunately there were some late crops that had not come on far enough to be injured by the frost, and the less fortunate ones set at once to repair the misfortune so far as possible. The corn and potatoes were replanted, `buckwheat was sowed in place of wheat, and, thanks, to an unusually long season, these crops were fairly matured. There was a large proportion of soft corn, hundreds of bushels of which molded and proved a complete loss. The check upon other enterprises of the county were not less severe, one dealer in agriculture machinery who had secured orders for mowing machines had all his orders revoked save one. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 109 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. Probably the earliest and most important implement of husbandry known is the plow. Grain, plants and roots will not grow well unless the soil in which they are planted be properly stirred, hence the first requirements was an instrument that would fulfill such conditions. After the plow comes the harrow. Formerly a log of wood, or a brush harrow, supplied its place, but in the state of Ohio, the toothed instrument has nearly always been used. The hoe is lighter made than formerly, and is now made of steel. At first, the common iron hoe, sharpened by the blacksmith, was in constant use. Now, it is rarely seen outside of the southern states, where it is has long been the chief implement of agriculture. The various small plows for the cultivation of corn and such other crop as necessitated their use, are all of the result of modern civilization. Now, their number is large, and, in many places, there are two or more attached to one carriage, whose operator rides. These kinds are much used in the western states, whose rootless and stoneless soil is admirably adapted to such machinery. In ancient times the sickle was the only implement used. It was a short curved iron, whose inner edge was sharpened and serrated. In its most ancient form, it is doubtful if the edge was but little if any serrated. It is mentioned in all ancient works. In more modern times the handle of the sickle was lengthened ; then the blade, which in time led to the scythe. Both are yet in use in many parts of the world. The use of the scythe led some thinking person to add a "finger" or two, and to change the shape of the handle. The old cradle was the result. At first it met considerable opposition from the laborers who brought forward the old time argument of ignorance, that it would cheapen labor. Whether the cradle is a native of America or Europe is not accurately decided ; probably of the mother country. It came into common use about 1818, and in a few years had found its way into the wheat producing regions of the west. Where small crops are raised the cradle is yet much used. A man can cut from two to four acres per day, hence it is much cheaper than a reaper where the crop is small. FIRST FARM MACHINERY. With the improvement of farms came the improvement of the implement used. Indeed, this has been a marked characteristic of Morrow county farmers, and the new inventions in this line were 110 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY early introduced here. The first farm machinery worked by horse power in Morrow county was in 1839. The first cast iron plows used here was in 1849, as was also the first revolving horse rake, horse corn planter and cultivator. Three years later the first steel and the first combination plows were introduced, and in 1855 the first reaper and mower. In 1856 the first corn and cob grinder was introduced, and was received with marked favor by the farming community, but of late years they have fallen into disuse. The first horse power wood saw was introduced about the same time, and in 1860 or 1862, the first riding horse rake and horse hay fork. In 1865 the riding corn plow, was brought in, and still maintains its place on the best improved farms. These improved implements are now generally used. A noticeable and favorable feature of the agriculture of the county is the moderate size of the average farm, there are several land holders in the county, but the average farm is not over eight acres. These farms are well tilled, the buildings well improved, and a general well-to-do air of neatness and comfort prevails everywhere throughout the farming community. UNDERDRAINING AND DITCHING. The first drain tile were introduced in 1859, and have rapidly grown in the public estimation with each succeeding year. Farms are everywhere being greatly improved by underdraining and ditching. Low lands that were' nearly an entire waste, and rolling lands of the character called "Spouty" have been re-claimed, so that there is a small amount or what can be properly called waste land in the whole county. The lands thus reclaimed produces the finest crops ; can be cultivated much sooner after a rain, and from eight to ten days sooner in the spring. GRASS CROPS AND LIVE STOCK. The subject of grass lands has always been an important one in Morrow county, from the fact that the majority of the farmers have made a leading feature of stock raising. Grain is raised principally for home consumption, and the system of husbandry has been directed to secure the best results for the grass crops. Timothy grass is mainly relied upon for the supply of hay, meadows being turned over about once in five years. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 111 It would seem that the early settlers had a predilection for fine stock, and stamped this characteristic upon the agriculture of the county. There has been a constant effort to improve breeds, until Morrow county now boasts of a better average in stock than almost any other county in the state. In this department, and in others, the prevailing disposition of the farming community is apparent, and no class of the domestic animals of the farm is developed to the exclusion of others. The early history of the horse in Morrow county is involved in some obscurity. It was some years before horses were introduced to any extent. Oxen were better suited to the work of the clearing, were easier kept, and not so liable to accidents and disease, and these qualifications were all that were demanded of the early teams In later years, as the demand for the teams for traveling purposes began to be made, these useful animals began to supersede the ox, until now one would scarcely meet an ox team upon the road in a month 's travel through the county. The first effort to improve the common stock of horses was by the importation about 1840. Mules have never been received with favor by the general mass of the farmers. Their appearance was not prepossessing, and those conditions to which this animal is supposed to be best fitted have never existed in the county, and the mule has therefore not secured much of a foothold. The introduction of cattle into the county was as early as the first settler. Cows were a necessary part of the pioneer's outfit, without which his chances for obtaining a reasonably comfortable existence were very poor indeed, and few families were without them. But once here it required all the care and diligence of the settler to protect them against the ravages of wild beasts and disease. The wolves took off the yearlings and frequently made successful attacks upon the cows. A murrain a little later, took off scores of these animals, and journeys of a hundred miles were frequently undertaken to replace the animals thus lost. Then the marshes and the rank vegetation took their quota, so that in spite of the employment of all the available children of the settlement as herders, hundreds fell victims to the snares of a new country. Under such circumstances, the effort was narrowed down to a struggle to maintain rather than to improve the breed. Among the early settlers of the county were many English and Yankees, who had been used to seeing fine cattle, and, as soon as the pressure of the first years in a new county was removed, they began to look about for means to improve the cattle of their adopted land. 112 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY The first attempt in this line of which we have any record was by Stephen F. Randolph, of Peru, in 1836. Sheep were introduced as early as 1811, but the number and boldness of the wolves made sheep raising a burden upon the resources of the early pioneers that taxed them to the uttermost. Later improved varieties were introduced, among the first being some thoroughbred Spanish merinos. The long wool sheep were brought to Morrow later ; then came the Leicester, the Cotswold and the Southdowns. This has been called a wool county, and the improvements made upon the native stock have greatly enhanced their value. The Woods breed of hogs is extinct in this county, and where it is used to take two years to raise a two hundred pound .hog, a three and four hundred pound hog can now be made in nine to twelve months. FRUIT CULTURE. The orchard culture of apples has only of late years begun to command the serious attention of farmers. The old orchards have been prolific producers, and in favorable seasons thousands of bushels have been marketed. Before the railroads made the markets accessible, large quantities of fruit were dried and hauled to market almost every well regulated farm being provided with a dry house. The recent addition of railroad facilities has had a quickening effect upon this branch of agricultural pursuits, and many are putting out new orchards with a view of marketing the produce. THE FARMERS, BROADENING LIFE. Any occupation prospers in proportion to the interest taken in it by its members, and this interest is heightened by an exchange of views. This feeling among prominent agriculturalists led to the formation of agricultural societies, at first by counties, then districts and lastly by states. The Ohio State Board of Agriculture was organized by an act of the legislature, passed February 27, 1846. Since that time various amendments to the organic law have been passed from time to time, too numerous to mention here. Later came the Grange movement, and still more recently the agricultural schools. In many parts of Ohio these schools are HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 113 being held with promising results. These schools besides their practical instructions do much toward inculcating a love for the farm by teaching that the calling of the farmer is one of the most honorable as well as independent, and that a high degree of intelligence is needed for the assurance of success in this field of human endeavor. All over the state there is felt a need of something to be done to keep the boys on the farm. This can be done by making farming pay better, and this in turn, can be accomplished by a careful study of the business for it is a business looking to the improvement of the soil, the stock, the grain and the grass crops. Man has always been striving to improve upon nature, and nowhere can he make wise improvements pay such great financial returns in proportion to the effort put forth as those made upon the farm. This is the great lesson which the agricultural societies and agricultural colleges teach. The Ohio Department of Agriculture is doing much supplementary work, such as the running of agricultural and fruit trains, which do much to arouse greater interest in these subjects. The interest in Farmers' Institutes is also increasing, and four may be held in each county per year. There were four held in Morrow county during the past year at Johnsville, Iberia, Chesterville and Cardington. There is no one class which should appreciate a daily mail more than the farmer, for no one should require a wider range of knowledge nor keep better posted in market reports. Besides the rural mail delivery system being a great business advantage to the farmer, it means even more to the social life on the farm, for the daily arrival of mail encourages reading, lightens the long evenings and brightens the long working days. The grown-up children stay at home more readily and the home itself is in every way made happier; for the family is in touch with the rest of the world. MORROW COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. By Robert F. Bartlett. The Morrow County Agricultural Society has affected our county history and is one of the enterprises for the encouragement of agriculture, and general stock breeding, and various other industries. 114 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY (PICTURE OF MORROW COUNTY’S FAIR GROUNDS) HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 115 The first effort in the enterprise was a call by Joseph Mosher, D. C. Bingham and others, for the farmers and people generally, to exhibit their stock and the products of their labor, and the best samples of their crops, and the exhibit was made in the fall of the year 1850, in a field north of Mt. Gilead, on the east side of north Main street. No premiums were offeied or paid, and no admission was paid to see the show, which, compared with later fairs was not a very great one, but the effort so encouraged the movers in the scheme that an organization was formed and Joseph Mosher, living a mile south, an enthusiastic farmer and stockman, was elected president and D. C. Bingham was elected secretary, and it was decided to repeat the exhibit in 1851. Joseph Mosher had previous to 1850 imported Spanish Merino sheep and the Suffolk breed of hogs and Morgan horses, and had the Manny mowing machine, a man and horse killer; and D. C. Bingham had improved breeds of cattle and sheep. These two were the pioneer movers in our county fairs, which have become in general respects a very interesting and profitable part of our country life and economy. At the age of eighty-three years February 15, 1911, Mr. D. C. Bingham is still living with his son near Mt. Gilead. Joseph Mosher was re-elected president for two or three years and the second president was Wm. Simonson of Mt. Gilead, for one year, and then Judge Stephen T. Cunard was president for two or three years. He was a farmer from Lincoln township. During his presidency, and in 1857, Hon. Cassius M. Clay of Kentucky made an address at the fair on agriculture, which was instructive. The second fair was held in the field on the north side of the Olentangy creek and on the west side of South Main street, opposite the Buckeye flour mill, and for the next place land was procured on the south side of the creek and east side of the street, where the fairs were annually held until 1868, but the race track was so small it was not satisfactory to the exhibitors of trotters. During the early history of the society John B. Dumble, editor of the Democratic Messenger, Wm. F. Bartlett, Samuel Hayden, John Farley, A. H. Wrenn, W. S. Irwin, Dr. J. T. Beebe and others were promoters of its interest. W. S. Irwin was secretary for a year or two and Dr. J. T. Beebe was secretary for many years before 1865, when he moved to Union county, Iowa. It is regretted that the old records cannot be found, and the recollections of the oldest citizens fail to recall the names of other officers of the society. A. H. Wrenn was the pioneer in exhibiting and selling agricultural machinery. Vol. 1-8 116 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY In 1868 twenty-two acres of land were bought of J. S. Trimble and are included in the present site of the fair grounds, and every year since 1868 successful fairs have been held with increasing interest, except 1910 when rains interfered to prevent. More persons in Morrow and adjoining counties on October 5, 6, and 7, 1910, were disappointed because no fair could be held, than were ever disappointed in the county, on any other three days. George W. Hiskett, now in his old age, and his sons have been breeders and exhibitors of improved stock of cattle and Delaine and Shropshire sheep. Also Wilson Brothers of Sparta, and I. N. Nichols and H. C. Coomer of Lincoln township, have excellent flocks of these sheep. Captain Joel G. Blue of Cardington township, was a prominent exhibitor and breeder of Spanish Merinos imported from Vermont, from 1865 until his death in 1889. J. C. Swetland of Chester township, was one of the earliest breeders of Merinos. Since about 1865, Israel Gordon, deceased, and his sons, A. J. Gordon and Thomas F. Gordon have been breeders of Shorthorns, Durhams; and also G. W. Brown, of Congress, and D. M. Douglass, of Washington. In later years Jersey breeds of cattle have become quite common, and E. E. Neal and Herbert Kelly own and have exhibited fine herds of this breed at our fairs, and Enos Rule, of Edison, has an excellent herd composed cf both Jerseys and Guernseys. The earlier breeds of horses were roadsters and John Sellers, of Cardington, was among the leading breeders of these horses. In later years, the favorites among the farmers for draft and breeding have been Normans and Clydesdales and have become very common and popular. Improved breeds of hogs were brought into the county by Joseph Mosher, A. H. Wrenn and William F. Bartlett about 1850, and they were first Suffolks, then Chester Whites and Poland Chinas, and the latter two breeds are yet favorites; then Berkshires and lastly Durocs, the latter bred exclusively by Selby Sellers, of Cardington township, late deceased ; George Linn and Armstrong and Goff, of Congress township, breed Poland Chinas. The prominent poultry raisers and exhibitors are Glenn Brown and R. F. Galleher, of Congress township, C. W. Smith, B. J. Babson, O. E. Jones, Hartsook Bros. and C. E. Patterson, of Cardington, Neal and Doty, Dr. R. L. Pierce and Robert Scott of Mt. Gilead. Glenn Brown, B. J. Babson and C. W. Smith are exhibitors throughout the state of Ohio.. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 117 The agricultural board of our county, has for the fair of 1911, thrown open the competition to the entire state, in poultry, hogs, cattle and sheep. The annual fair for 1911, will be held October 3 to 6 inclusive 1911, and Wednesday, October 4th will be free admission to preachers, teachers, ex-soldiers and to school children. The Agricultural Board follows viz : C. H. Hartsook, president ; J. E. Dalrymple, vice president ; J. G. Russell, treasurer; 0. J. Miller, secretary, Mt. Gilead, Ohio. Board of directors : W. T. Philips, Marengo ; C. H. Hartsook, Carding,ton ; J. E. Dalrymple, R. D. Fredericktown ; J. P. Dumbaugh, Mt. Gilead ; W. W. Evans, R. D. Cardington ; H. B. Jenkins, R. D. Cardington ; S. R. Warden, R. D. Edison ; G. B. Jennings, R. D. Mt. Gilead ; C. P. Osborn, R. D. Cardington ; John Webb, R. D. Mt. Gilead ; J. A. Coomer, Ashley ; Ray G. Booher, R. D. Mt. Gilead, Jos. Yeager, R. D. Lexington ; J. D. Vail, Sparta.; W. A. Ferguson, R. D. Lexington ; J. F. McClarren, R. D. Galion. JOHN CHAPMAN ("JOHNNY APPLESEED") John Chapman, generally known as Johnny Appleseed, was one of Ohio's earliest and most unselfish benefactors. He was a nursery man and nearly all the orchArds in northern Ohio were planted from his stock. There are many orchards in Morrow county today dating back beyond the memory of any now living, and owing their existence to Johnny Appleseed's nurseries. On the afternoon of November 8, 1900, the Richland County Historical Society unveiled a monument in the Mansfield park that had been erected to the memory of Johnny Appleseed. General R. Brinkerhoff presided at the meeting, and A. J. Baughman, the author of this work, delivered the address of the occasion, which we herewith copy : John Chapman was born at Springfield, Massachusetts, in the year 1775. Of his early life but little is known, as he was reticent about himself, but his half-sister who came west at a later period stated that Johnny had, when a boy, shown a fondness for natural scenery and often wandered from home in quest of plants and flowers and that he liked to listen to the birds singing and to gaze at the stars. Chapman's passion for planting apple seeds and cultivating nurseries caused him to be called "Appleseed John," which was finally changed to "Johnny Appleseed," and by that name he was called and known everywhere. The year Chapman came to Ohio has been variously stated, but to say it was one hundred years ago would not be far from the mark. An uncle of the late Roscella Rice lived in Jefferson county when Chapman made his first 118 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY advent in Ohio, and one day saw a queer looking craft coming down the Ohio river above Steubenville. It consisted of two canoes lashed together, and its crew was one man an angular, oddly dressed person and when he landed he said his name was Chapman, and that his cargo consisted of sacks of apple seeds and that he intended to plant nurseries. Chapman 's first nursery was planted nine miles below Steubenville, up a narrow valley, from the Ohio river, at Brilliant, formerly called Lagrange, opposite Wellsburg, West Virginia. After planting a number of nurseries along the river front, he extended his work into the interior of the state into Richland county where he made his home for many years. He was enterprising in his way and planted nurseries in a number of counties, which required him to travel hundreds of miles to visit and cultivate them ,yearly, JOHNNY APPLESEED WARNING THE SETTLERS OF AN INDIAN OUTBREAK. as was his custom. His usual price for a tree was "a fip penny-bit," but if the settler hadn't money, Johnny would either give him credit or take old clothes for pay. He generally located his nurseries along streams, planted his seeds, surrounded the patch with a brush fence, and when the pioneers came, Johnny had young fruit trees ready for them. He extended his operations to the Maumee country and finally into Indiana, where the last years of his life were spent. He revisited Richland county the last time in 1843, and called at my father's but as I was only five years old at the time I do not remember him. My parents (in about 1827- '35) planted two orchards with trees they bought of Johnny, and he often ,called at their house, as he was a frequent HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 119 caller at the homes of the settlers. My mother's father, Capt. James Cunningham, settled in Richland county in 1808, and was acquainted with Johnny for many years, and I often heard him tell, in his Irish-witty way, many amusing anecdotes and incidents of Johnny 's life and of his peculiar and eccentric ways. Chapman was fairly educated, well read, polite and attentive in manner and chaste in conversation. His face was pleasant in expression, and he was kind and generous in disposition. His nature was a deeply religious one, and his life was blameless among his fellow men. He regarded comfort more than style, and thought it wrong to spend money for clothing to make a fine appearance. He usually wore a broad-brimmed hat. He went barefooted, not only in the summer, but often in cold weather, and a coffee sack with neck and armholes cut in it, was worn as a coat. He was about five feet, nine inches in height, rather spare in build but was large boned and sinewy. His eyes were blue, but darkened with animation. For a number of years Johnny lived in a little cabin near Perrysville (then in Richland county), but later he made his home in Mansfield with his half-sister, a Mrs. Broome who lived on the Leesville road (now West Fourth street) near the present residence of R. G. Hancock. The parents of George C. Wise then lived near what is now the corner of West Fourth street and Penn avenue and the Broome and Wise families were friends and neighbors. George C. Wise, Hiram R. Smith, Mrs. J. H. Cook and others remember "Johnny Appleseed" quite well. Mrs. Cook was, perhaps, better acquainted with "Johnny " than any other living person today, for the Wiler House was often his stopping place. The homes of Judge Parker, Mr. Newman and others were ever open to receive "Johnny" as a guest. But the man who best Understood this peculiar character was the late Dr. William Bushnell, father of our respected fellow-townsman, the Hon. M. B. Bushnell, the donor of this beautiful commemorative monument, and by whose kindness and liberality we are here today. With Dr. Bushnell's scholastic attainments and intuitive knowledge of character he was enabled to know and appreciate Chapman's learning and the noble traits of his head and heart. When upon his journeys Chapman usually camped out. He never killed anything, not even for the purpose of obtaining food. He carried a kit of cooking utensils with him, among which was a mush-pan, which he sometimes wore as a hat. When he called at a house, his custom was to lie upon the floor with his kit for a pillow and after conversing with the family a short time, would then read from a Swedenborgian book or tract, and proceed to explain and extol the religious views he so zealously believed, and whose teachings he so faithfully carried out in his every day life and conversation. His mission was one of peace and good will and he never carried a weapon, not even for self-defense. The Indians regarded him as a great "Medicine Man," and his life seemed to be a charmed one, as neither savage man nor wild beast would harm him. Chapman was not a mendicant. He was never in indigent circumstances, for he sold thousands of nursery trees every year. Had he been avaricious, his estate instead of being worth a few thousand might have been tens of thousands at his death. "Johnny Appleseed's" name was John Chapman not Jonathan and this is attested by the muniments of his estate, and also from the fact that he had a half-brother (a deaf mute) whose name was Jonathan. 120 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Chapman never married and rumor said that a love affair in the old Bay state Was the cause of his living the life of a celibate and recluse. Johnny himself never explained why he led such a singular life except to remark that he had a mission which was understood to be to plant nurseries and to make converts to the doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. He died at the home of William Worth in St. Joseph township, Allen county, Indiana, March 11, 1847, and was buried in David Archer's graveyard, a few miles north of Fort Wayne, near the foot of a natural mound. His name is engraved as a senotaph upon one of the monuments erected in Mifflin township, Ashland county, this state, to the memory of the pioneers. Those monuments were unveiled with imposing ceremonies in the presence of over 6,000 people September 15, 1882, the seventieth anniversary of the Copus tragedy. During the war of 1812 Chapman often warned the settlers of approaching danger. The following incident is given: When the news spread that Levi Jones had been killed by the Indians and that Wallace Reed and others had probably met the same fate, excitement ran high and the few families which comprised the population of Mansfield sought the protection of the block house, situated on the public square, as it was supposed the savages were coming in force from the north to overrun the country and to murder the settlers. There were no troops at the block house at the time and as an attack was considered imminent, a consultation was held and it was decided to send a messenger to Captain Douglas, at Mt. Vernon, for assistance. But who would undertake the hazardous journey ? It was evening, and the rays of the sunset had faded away and the stars were beginning to shine in the darkening sky, and the trip of thirty miles must be made in the night over a new cut road through a wilderness—through a forest infested with wild beasts and hostile Indians. A volunteer was asked for and a tall, lank man said demurely: "I '11 go." He was bareheaded, barefooted and was unarmed. His manner was meek and you had to look the second time into his clear, blue eyes to fully fathom the courage and determination shown in their depths. There was an expression in his countenance such as limners try -to portray in their pictures of saints. It is scarcely necessary to state that the volunteer was "Johnny Appleseed" for many of you have heard your fathers tell how unostentatiously "Johnny" stood as a "a watchman on the walls of Jezrell," to guard and protect the settlers from their savage foes. The journey to Mt. Vernon was a sort of Paul Revere mission. Unlike Paul's, "Johnny 's" was made on foot, barefooted over a rough road, but one that in time led to fame. "Johnny" would rap on the doors of the few cabins along the route, warn the settlers of the impending danger and advise them to flee to the block-house. Upon arriving at Mt. Vernon, he aroused the garrison and informed the commandant of his mission.  Surely, figuratively speaking, "The dun-deer's hide On fleeter feet was never tied," HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 121 for so expeditiously was the trip made that at sunrise the next morning troops from Mt. Vernon arrived at the Mansfield blockhouse, accompanied by "Johnny," who had made the round trip of sixty miles between sunset and sunrise. About a week before Chapman's death, while at Fort Wayne, he heard that cattle had broken into his nursery in St. Joseph township and were destroying his trees, and he started on foot to look after his property. The distance was about twenty miles and the fatigue and exposure of the journey were too much for his physical condition, then enfeebled by age; and at the even-tide he applied at the home of a Mr. Worth for lodging for the night. Mr. Worth was a native Buckeye and had lived in Richland county when a boy and when he learned that his oddly dressed caller was "Johnny Appleseed " gave him a cordial welcome. "Johnny " declined going to the supper table, but partook of a bowel of bread and milk. The day had been cold and raw with occasional flurries of snow, but in the evening the clouds cleared away and the sun shone warm and bright as it sank in the western sky. "Johnny" noticed this beautiful sunset, an augury of the Spring and flowers so soon to come, and sat on the doorstep and gazed with wistful eyes toward the west. Perhaps this herald of the Springtime, the season in which nature is resurrected from the death of Winter, caused him to look with prophetic eyes to the future and contemplate that glorious event of which Christ is the resurrection and the life. Upon reentering the house, he declined the bed offered him for the night, preferring a quilt and pillow on the floor, but asked permission to hold family worship and read, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven," "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God," etc. After he had finished reading the lesson, he said prayers prayers long remembered by that family. He prayed for all sorts and conditions of men; that the way of righteousness might be made clear unto them and that saving grace might be freely given to all nations. He asked that the Holy Spirit might guide and govern all who profess and call themselves Christians and that all those who were afficted in mind, body or estate, might be comforted and relieved, and that all might at last come to the knowledge of the truth and in the world to come have happiness and everlasting life. Not only the words of the prayer, but the pathos of his voice made a deep impression upon those present. In the morning Chapman was found in a high state of fever, pneumonia having developed during the night, and the physician called said he was beyond medical aid, but inquired particularly about his religious belief, and remarked that he had never seen a dying man so perfectly calm, for upon his wan face there was an expression of happiness and upon his pale lips there was a smile of joy, as though he was communing with loved ones who had come to meet and comfort him and to soothe his weary spirit in his dying moments. And as his eyes shone with the beautiful light supernal, God touched him with his finger and beckoned him home. Thus ended the life of the man who was not only a hero, but a benefactor as well; and his spirit is now at rest in the Paradise of the Redeemed, and in the fullness of time, clothed again in the old body made anew, will enter into the Father 's house in which there are many mansions. In the words of his own faith, his bruised feet will be healed, and he shall walk on the gold-paved streets of the New Jerusalem of which he so eloquently preached. It 122 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY has been very appropriately said that although years have come and gone since his death, the memory of his good deeds live anew every Springtime in the beauty and fragrance of the blossoms of the apple trees he loved so well. "Johnny Appleseed's" death was in harmony with his unostentatious, blameless life. It is often remarked, "How beautiful is the Christian life; " yea, but far more beautiful is the Christian's death, when "the fashion of his countenance is altered," as he passes from the life here to the life beyond. What changes have taken place in the years that have intervened between the "Johnny Appleseed" period and that of today ? It has been said that the lamp of civilization far surpasses that of Aladdin's. Westward the star of empire took its way and changed the forests into fields of grain and the waste places into gardens of flowers, and towns and cities have been built with marvelous handiwork. But in this march of progress, the struggles and hardships of the early settlers must not be forgotten. Let us not only record the history, but the legends of the pioneer period; garner its facts and its fictions; its tales and traditions and collect even the crumbs that fall from the table of the feast. Today, the events which stirred the souls and tried the courage of the pioneers seem to come out of the am past and glide as panoramic views before me. A number of the actors in those scenes were of my "kith and kin" who have long since crossed "over the river" in their journey to the land where Enoch and Elijah are pioneers, while I am left to exclaim: "Oh, for the touch of a vanished hand And the sound of a voice that is still." While the scenes of those pioneer days are vivid to us on history's page, future generations may look upon them as the phantasmagoria of a dream. At seventy-two years of age forty-six of which had been devoted to his self-imposed mission John Chapman ripened into death as naturally and as beautifully as the apple seeds of his planting had grown into trees, had budded into blossoms and ripened into fruit. The monument which is now to be unveiled is a fitting memorial to the man in whom there dwelt a comprehensive love that reached downward to the lowest forms of life and upward to the throne of the Divine. In a letter to Mr. Bushnell, under date of October 4, 1900, John H. Archer, of Fort Wayne, Indiana, grandson of David Archer, writes: "During his life and residence in the vicinity of Fort Wayne, I suppose that every man, woman and child knew something of "Johnny Appleseed." I find that there are quite a number of persons yet living in the vicinity, who remember John Chapman well and who enjoy relating reminiscences of his life and peculiarities of his character. The grave, more especially the common head-boards used in those days, have long since decayed and become entirely obliterated, and at this time I do not think that any person could with any degree of certainty come within fifty feet of pointing out the location of Chapman 's grave. Suffice it to say, that he has been gathered in with his neighbors and friends, for the majority of them lie in David Archer's grave yard with him." CHAPTER VIII. MORROW COUNTY WAR HISTORY. THREE MONTHS' MEN IN CIVIL WAR-COMPANY I, THIRD REGI MENT, O. V. I. (THREE YEARS ) -COMPANY C, FIFTEENTH REGIMENT-COMPANY A, TWENTIETH REGIMENT-COMPANIES C AND E, TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT-COMPANY E, THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT -COMPANY B, FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT-FIFTY-FIFTH INFANTRY-COMPANY C, SIXTY-FOURTH REGIMENT-COMPANY D, SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY-COMPANY K, SIXTY-SIXTH REGIMENT-COMPANIES F, G AND K, EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT-COMPANY C, EIGHTY-SECOND INFANTRY-COMPANIES B AND C, EIGHTY-FIFTH REGIMENT-EIGHTY- SEVENTH AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGIMENTS-COMPANIES C AND D, NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT-ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND, ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIRST, ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH, ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOURTH, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINTH, ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTIETH AND ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY REGIMENTS- ARTILLERY AND CAVALRY-OHIO BOYS IN OTHER COMMANDS- UNITED STATES ARMY AND NAVY-SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. By Robert F. Bartlett. In writing a brief 'history of the county, scrupulous accuracy will be the highest aim, and if the truth gives praise that will be most gratifying ; but if it gives blame, it cannot be helped, but will, nevertheless, be a reason for regret. The inspiration to write this chapter is to illustrate the patriotism of the men of 1861 to 1865, and to hand down to the present and coming generations the deeds, and sufferings, of the young men of that county, of nearly half a century ago. It is proper to say that a few fathers and mothers gave a half dozen of their sons to the support of the government in the war of Rebellion, and that others gave all the sons they had; many of them paid the "last full measure of devotion to their country" with their lives upon the battlefield, and others came home bearing scars from honorable - 125 - 126 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY wounds, and maimed for life. The men of those times made the history, and its truthfulness cannot be disputed. A few, only, opposed the efforts of the government to put down the rebellion, but there were a few. UNDERGROUND RAILWAY STATIONS. It is not necessary to go into a discussion of the causes of the war more than to say that "State Rights," and "American Slavery" in all their bearings were the causes, and the people of Morrow county as to slavery had some part. Nearly every one of the old heroes for freedom, who had a part, and took a hand in the "Underground Railroad" from the south to Canada, are gone. It was so called because its trains ran in the night, and its stations were not generally known. When a slave left his master and was lucky enough to set his foot on the soil of Canada he was that instant a free man ; for the laws of England made him free. Three stations of the Underground Railroad were in Morrow county : One at or near South Woodbury ; one at the Friends' Settlement, two and one-half miles south of Mt. Gilead ; and one at Iberia ; and many are the black' men and women who gained their freedom, through help given them at these stations. The nearest station south was in Union county, or at Osem Gardner's, twelve miles north of Columbus, Ohio. These agents were called "Abolitionists" and considered it their religious and highest duty, to aid runaway slaves. At South Woodbury, William Martin and Reuben, and Aaron L. and Aaron "Dick" Benedict (or Long Aaron) were men of mature years, from 1850 to 1860, and were conscientious in their work for these slaves. At the second station Samuel Andrews, Samuel Peas-ley, Jonathan Wood, Sr., David Wood, the late Col. Samuel N. Wood, and his brother, Jonathan Wood, Alfred Breese and Robert and Joseph and John Mosher, Wm. Wood, Nathan N. and Gideon Mosher and Thomas A. Wood (all now living) were youngsters then, and all, or nearly so, were conductors of loads of runaway slaves. They were usually conveyed in a spring wagon with cover, or some other device to conceal the passengers. At Iberia, the third station, men engaged in aiding fugitive slaves were Rev. George Gordon, Robert and Hugh McClarren, Richard Hammond, James H. and Robert Jeffrey, Archibald Brownlee, Allen McNeal, I. P. C. Martin, James Ross, Alexander Campbell and Samuel Jams, James and Robert McKibben, and a few others in minor roles. Because of resistance to a United States marshal, in pur- HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 127 suit of runaway slaves or fugitives from labor, Iberia became a place of note in all southland, Grandison Martin, a fugitive slave, had escaped from his master in Kentucky and in September, 1860, was pursued by Joseph L. Barber, a United States marshal, and the men, who were friendly to the negro, acting under a higher law, as they claimed a law in the "Impressible Conflict" superior to the Fugitive Slave law caught the marshal, cut off his hair and shaved his head, for which that official afterward recovered damages in our courts. This caused excitement at the south, but was not the cause of the war. The occasion for the aebellion of the south, was the election, as president, of Abraham Lincoln, who had said "The nation could not exist half slave and half free," which was really the statement in a different form ; of the saying of Jesus. Christ, "That a Kingdom divided against itself, that Kingdom cannot stand." In his first inaugural message President Lincoln declared "that he had no purpose to interfere with slavery in the states where it existed," but the leaders in the south had for a long time contemplated "Secession" and nothing could pacify them. From the November election in 1860 until April, 1861, the days were filled with gloomy forebodings of dire disaster and war, and great excitement and threatenings possessed the south, and dread possessed the whole nation. Many overt acts were committed, such as firing in December, 1860, on the "Star of the West," and an armed transport, with relief for Fort Sumter, and firing on steamboats on the Mississippi river ; but the north remained calm, as no act of war had yet been committed against the authority of the government of the United States ; but on April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, was bombarded and the entire north was electrified with great excitement and the alarms of war filled every breast. Words can scarcely describe the state of feeling in the public mind, at that time in the north. By this act of the Rebels the authority of the government of the United States was attacked, and the news reached the north on April 13th and caused the greatest excitement throughout the entire country. On April 15th President Lincoln issued his proclamation for the enlistment of seventy-five thousand volunteer soldiers for three months to suppress the insurrection, and cause the laws to be enforced in the states in rebellion. The quoto of Ohio was one-tenth of this call, but the enthusiasm to enlist was so great, that within ten days twenty-two full regiments of infantry of more than one thousand lien each were organized in Ohio. Many companies were organized within two days. 128 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY THREE MONTHS' MEN FROM MORROW COUNTY. Morrow county furnished its full share, in Company I, Third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Company G, Twentieth Regiment, for this call. Company I, Third Regiment, was raised mainly through the influence of John Beatty of Cardington who, on the organization of the regiment, was made Lieutenant Colonel, and his commission dated April 18, 1861; and the company officers were David C. Rose, captain, John McNeal, first and James St. John, second lieutenant, and Henry E. Cunard, first sergeant, their commissions being dated April 25, 1861. This company was raised in Cardington and vicinity. Company G, Twentieth Regiment, was recruited about Chester-vine and Mt. Gilead, and was mustered into the service of the United States April 27, 1861. The captain of the company was Henry Rigby, first lieutenant, Samuel E. Adams, promoted to quartermaster; and Jeremiah M. Dunn, promoted from private, was made first lieutenant. Eli A. James was commissioned second lieutenant, and John Allison, first sergeant. The company was mustered in the service of the United States April 27, 1861, and mustered out August 28, 1861. The United States government refused further enlistments from Ohio. At the date of this call of the President for troops, the legislature of Ohio was in session, and voted one million dollars to put the state on a war footing. The greatest honor is due these men who thus sprang to the aid of the government to put down the rebellion and to stamp out treason, which it was then thought could be done in a few weeks ; but later events proved the contrary, as the southern states had been arming and equipping troops for months past, and were determined to go out of the Union. The men of the north who enlisted at that call were regarded by nearly all classes of society as heroes, as they were. The wearing of the army uniform was the highest distinction a man could have at that time. Nearly all who enlisted for the first three months' service re-enlisted for three years before the three months' term expired, so great was the enthusiasm of the times. Martial music was heard daily; and camps of instruction in drill of the manual of arms were many ; the country seemed like a continuous camp, and all the pomp and circumstance of war were present. From all ranks, and circumstances .in life the "boys" came, and so little did they know what would immediately happen that a comrade who first enlisted April 20, 1861, in Company I, Fifteenth Regi- HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 129 ment, served his enlistment of three months, and after remaining at home three weeks re-enlisted for three years, and was finally mustered out "as a veteran" August 15, 1865, told the writer, that on his first enlistment he expected to be immediately rushed to the front, and within a few days, to be in deadly affray with the enemy. He was with his regiment in the battles of Phillippi, June 3, 1861; Laurel Hill, July 8, 1861, and Carrick's Ford, July 14, 1861 all in West Virginia. He was afterwards wounded July 3, 1863, in the battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It did not always thus happen, for the Ninety-fifth Ohio Regiment in ten days after their muster into the United States service, on August 19, 1860, were almost annihilated by Kirby Smith's veteran rebel soldiers in overwhelming numbers, at the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, and the One Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment was engaged, and had heavy loss in the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862. A part of two companies of this regiment from Morrow county will be hereafter noticed. A number of men enlisted (nearly all, April 18, 1861) in the Fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, most of whom served three or more years, whose names we give, but for whose records reference must be had to the roster of the regiment published by the state, viz : Company A. - James M. Conger ; Bernard M. Griffis, wounded May 12, 1864, at Spotsylvania, Virginia, and Hiram Fields, Company H, killed at same place ; Henry H. Pollock, wounded at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, and Abner Ustick and Daniel D. Booher (both of Company K) both wounded at same time and place. Company B. - John B. Arringdale (Company A, 20th O. V. I.) ; John T. Hvatt (also Company D, 65th) ; John M. Moore (also Company F, 136th) ; Nelson E. Claytar, veteran ; Wm. Davis; B. F. Davis (also surgeon 44th O. V. I.) ; William Kile, and William Jackson. Company D. - Joseph H. Holloway, wounded at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania ; Samuel Fouts; Amos J. Moore (also captain Company H, 118th) ; Joseph F. Moore (also 4th Regiment, U. S. Art., Company K) ; Mervin Crowell (also Company C, 6th O. V. I.) In Seventh Regiment, Company B, Morris Baxter enlisted April 22, 1861, and died from wounds, November 27, 1863 ; and in Company C, John S. Cooper (also lieutenant colonel 107th) and Jacob Ashton Peasley, and John J. Peasley (students at Oberlin) enlisted April 25, 1861. In Fifteenth Regiment, April 23, 1861, second lieutenant 130 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Henry C. Miner (captain Company M, 3rd Regiment) and Hinchman S. Prophet, enlisted in Company C, and Thomas B. Keech in Company H ; also Company D, one Hundred and Second, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. COMPANY I, 3RD REGIMENT, 0. V. I. ( THREE YEARS) . On June 15, 1861, Company I, Third Regiment, was, with the regiment, re-organized, and re-enlisted for three years. Captain D. C. Rose in August and September recruited Company E, Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; Henry E. Conrad, first sergeant, was promoted to captain and James St. John made first lieutenant and both were later killed (October 8, 1862) at Perryville, Kentucky. Joseph D. Moore was commissioned second lieutenant and later killed (December 23, 1861) at Elkwater, Virginia. Joel G. Blue was promoted from sergeant to second and first lieutenant. The state roster must be consulted for other members of the company. Lieutenant Colonel John Beatty was again commissioned to that rank on February 12, 1862 ; promoted to colonel, and November 9, 1862, to brigadier general, and later to brevet major general. Edwin Reid was promoted to second lieutenant, October 8, 1862, and died in a Rebel prison. On May 3, 1863, the entire regiment present for duty was captured on Streights raid, and the officers sent to Rebel prisons, mainly to Libby prison, Richmond, Virginia, and the men paroled, and exchanged in August, 1863. Many of the officers were imprisoned twenty-two or more months, being still in prison at end of the three years' enlistment. No effort was made to re-enlist the men as veterans. Many of the men enlisted in later new regiments. The following members of Company I were killed or died of wounds at the battle of Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, to January 3, 1863 ; Jonathan B, Benedict, Levi H. Cartwright, Robert Glenn, John Mortram, James Wright, Charles W. Wood, and Wendell P. Willitts. Also at Perryville, October 8, 1862, in addition to the officers : Charles R. Merrill, George W. Merrill, Sidney J. Aldrich, and Alfred Fisher. Wounded at Perryville : Simon C. Bennett, Stephen Latsco, Byron Bunker, Lyman M. Courtwright, Job Garberson, Charles S. Hiskett, Hudson B. Shotwell, John Straub, Alonzo Swisher, C. L. Van Brimer (lost right arm) and Milo Welch. Wounded at Stone river : Elias C. Nicho- HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 131 las, Henry Conklin, Jasper Mann, Benjamin J. Meeker and Fred A. Miller. The men of the Third Regiment were a brave and vigorous class of men, ready for any emergency, and somewhat restive under strict discipline. Those who served three years were : first sergeant, George G. Early ; sergeants, William Stiner, John M. Hiskett, and William Williams ; corporals, Milo Welch, John S. Reasoner, William W. Kendall, Jehu Matthews, and James A. Blair ; Hudson B. Shotwell, John B. Casey, John J. Armstrong, Fletcher Armstrong, Wesley Ayres, Charles W. Benedict, Theodore C. Callahan, Francis M. Doty, William W. Dipert, John A. Duncan, James Duncan, Adam Devore, Joseph Farley, Robert M. Finch, Charles S. Hiskett, William Houseman, John W. Henry, Jesse Harris, Henry Keeler, George Kearns, Paul Long, Daniel J. Long, Stilman Morey, Fred A. Miller, Jasper Mann, Shelby K. Moore, Jonathan Miller, Melville Maxwell, Timothy O'Shea, Smith M. Oliver, William G. Oliver, Francis R. Phelps, Philander Powers, John Straub, Alonzo Swisher, Jesse Snyder, Felix B. Shaw, Joseph Underhill, Thomas Van Sickels, Michael Vincent, John B. White, Simon Welch, James Watson, and William H. Wood. COMPANY C, 15TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. (THREE YEARS). In the last days of August, 1861, Captain Hiram Miller,. of Mansfield, Ohio, who had served as captain of Company H, Fifteenth Regiment, in the three months' service, came to Mt. Gilead and recruited Company C, Fifteenth Regiment for three years in Morrow county (rendezvous, Camp Bartley, Mansfield). Nearly all enlistments were on August 30, 1861, and the company was organized with Hiram Miller as captain, Jeremiah M. Dunn as first, and John G. Byrd as second lieutenant. Both of the last two, later in the service were promoted to captain, as was also Thomas C. Davis. David Clarke Thurston, William Abner Ward, (wounded December 31, 1862, at Stone river, and November 25, 1863, at Mission Ridge, Tennessee) Alexander Moore (promoted to second sergeant, sergeant, major and first lieutenant,) and Alfred H. Hurd (died from wounds received at Dallas, Georgia, May 27, 1864) were first sergeants. During the service Edward B. Mosher promoted to hospital steward. The regiment was a heroic one in its qualities of courage and length of service (August 30, 1861, to November 21, 1865). The 132 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY casualties of the regiment on the Atlanta campaign were : Killed, forty-four; wounded, one hundred and seventy-seven ; and missing, nineteen ; total, two hundred and forty. (See serial No. 72, page 411, Records of the Rebellion). Besides those above noted the casualties of Company C were : Wilson S. Iler, promoted to principal musician, died of wounds, September 14, 1864 ; others killed were : Reuben Hissong and Joel Miller, and died of wounds, Captain Thomas C. Davis, Hugh S. Moore, William H. Rodgers, Hiram Morehouse, Reuben Davis and Enoch Numbers wounded at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. The company (C), with the regiment, took part in the following great battles of the Civil war : Shiloh, Corinth, Mississippi ; Stone river, and Liberty Gap, Tennessee ; Chickamauga, Georgia ; Mission Ridge, Tennessee ; Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Cassville, Pickett 's Mills, Kenesaw, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta and Lovejoy Station, Georgia ; and Franklin and Nashville, Tennessee. Those killed in battle and died of wounds in prison and diseases, other than those given above in Company C, were : Andrew J. Craven, Marshall S. Byrd, James M. Barrett, Joseph S. Hunt, Benjamin F. Lehman, Smith Walker, Alonzo 0. Wilson, James C. Chambers, Philip Fogle, Leroy Fields, Nathaniel M. Grice, David Hunter, Theron A. Jolly, Melvin B. Lane, John Messmore, John R. McBride, and Emanuel Strawbridge. The wounded were : Captain John G. Byrd, sergeants William Doak, Harvey Sipe, and George W. Thompson ; corporals Harvey C. Calkins, William Karr, John C. Ibach, and Joseph P. Moulton ; and privates Welcome Ash-brook (twice), Felix Albaugh, Samuel C. Burke, Charles C. Byrd, David K. Baggs, George M. Chambers, Daniel C. Courtwright, Sanford U. Earley (twice), Amos F. Harding, William D. Hammell, William C. Markward, Jacob S. Risor, Calvin J. Paxton, and Richard L. Wrenn. The men of Company C, Fifteenth Regiment, who served three years were : Sergeants Albert Noe and William A. Ward, and privates Charles C. Byrd, Asa. M. Breese, George C. Early, Smith Fry, Thomas J. Holloway, William D. Hammell, James T. House, William C. Markward, Theodore J. Mosher, Hiram Morehouse, Calvin J. Paxton, John C. Porter, Daniel S. Potter, Joseph B. Ross, Sylvester H. Reed, Frank B. Shauck, Byron L. Talmage, Richard L. Wrenn, William R. Withers, and John B. Williams ; and they were mustered out September 20, 1864. The veterans who were mustered out November 21, 1865, were : Sergeants William Doak, Henry C. Groff, Harvey Sipe and Robert D. McBride ; HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 133 corporals Harvey C. Calkins, Abner Sipe, Jonathan Gidley, John C. Ibach, Joseph P. Moulton, Henry G. Meredith, William McHill, and William F. Karr ; Martin Johnson, musician ; John Meyers, wagoner ; privates Welcome Ashbrook, Samuel C. Burke, James Blair, Sanford U. Early, Nathaniel M. ̊Tice, William Laney, and Abram Sherman. James C. Chambers died in prison. COMPANY A, 20TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. (THREE YEARS) . The larger number of Company A, Twentieth Regiment, was enlisted for three years in Chesterville and its vicinity, in September, 1861. Ebenezer Martin, living near that village, at the age of fifty-five years enlisted in Company I, of that regiment, on November 20, 1861, and was discharged for disability October 20, 1862. He enlisted chiefly, to prevent his son, Noble C. from enlisting, and whom he wanted to stay at home and care for the wife and mother. His act deserves to be embalmed in history. On the organization of Company A, Dr. Elisha Hyatt was made captain ; William Rogers of Knox county, first, and Lyman N. Ayres, second lieutenant ; and Peter Weatherby, first sergeant; and the commissions of the four bore the date of September 3, 1861. During the service Peter Weatherby was promoted .to the various grades of second and first lieutenant and captain, and major, Lyman N. Ayres to first lieutenant and captain. William W. McCracken from sergeant to first sergeant and second lieutenant, and discharged for wounds received at Champion Hill, May 16, 1863. (He carried the bullet back of his right ear, for more than twenty-eight years). Christopher W. McCracken from sergeant to first sergeant and first lieutenant, veteran ; James E. McCracken from corporal to sergeant, sergeant major and captain Company A, and mustered out with the company July 15, 1865, veteran. For records of others, reference is made to volume 2, pages 686-89, Rosters of Ohio Soldiers. Company A, with the regiment, participated in twenty-three great battles, including Fort Donelson, February 14-16, 1862 ; Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, in Tennessee ; Champion. Hill, May 16, 1863, and Vicksburg, May 19, July 4, 1863, in Mississippi ; Kenesaw Mountain, July 27, 1864 ; Atlanta, July 22, 1864, in Georgia ; Sherman's march from Atlanta to the sea ; Bentonville, March 19, 1865, and Goldsboro, March 21, 1865, in North Carolina, and fifteen other battles. Whitelaw Reid's "Ohio in the War," volume two, Vol. 1-9 134 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY in an extended account of the services of the Twentieth Regiment, among other things says on page 145: "It became known that (General Joseph E.) Johnston had asked terms for surrender ; the men seemed crazy with joy ; they shouted, laughed, flung their hats in the air, threw their knapsacks at each other, hugged each other, stood on their heads in the mud, and were fairly mad with delight." The regiment marched via Raleigh, North Carolina, and Richmond Virginia, to Washington, District of Columbia, and was in the Grand Review May 24, 1865. The casualties, in Company A, among the men from Morrow county were as follows :—killed and died of wounds and disease in the service : William Allison, Arnold Davis, Levi B. Evarts, Robert M. Fogle, Caleb W. Galleher, Philip Ephraim Harris, Daniel Harris, Davis B. James, Abraham Skillman, and Benjamin F. Wilson. Wounded May 12, 1863: Thomas B. Runyan, both eyes shot out. David Griffith, a sturdy Welshman from Chester township, was drafted for nine months in the fall of 1862 in the forty-fifth year of his age, his term commencing November 15, 1862, and closing July 13, 1863, which period covered the Vicksburg campaign through all of which he served in Company A. He died April 22, 1910, at his home in Chester township, at the age of nearly ninety-two years. His son, Albert W., served in Company F, Eighty-first Regiment, .and another son, Gillman T, in Company K, One hundred and Seventy-fourth Regiment. James J. Runyan, a soldier in the war with Mexico, also served three years in Campany A.. Isaac W. Rush, from Morrow county, also served in Company G, Twentieth Regiment. On "Shermans' March to the Sea," an amusing incident happened. Sergeant Major James E. McCracken had just received on the march (January, 1865) his commission as a captain of Company A, Twentieth Regiment, and he needed a valise in which to carry his uniform, and told one of the "bummers" to bring him a valise which the soldier did. The 'column was near Branchville, South Carolina. The valise when brought was locked, and when a key was found to open it, the contents were found to be a Confederate dress uniform for an officer of herculean size, two Confederate eight per cent bonds, of the denomination of $500 each, and fifty-four thousand dollars in Confederate currency. The bills were distributed among the soldiers who lighted their pipes with some of them, and with others played poker with one thousand dollars on a corner. The men who served three years and were mustered out HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 135 September 14, 1864, were : Captain Lyman K. Ayers, Lucien Rigby, Robert W. Cunningham, James J. Runyan and Augustus R. Runyan. The veterans who were mustered out July 15, 1865, were Captain James E. McCracken, Lieutenant Christopher W. McCracken, first sergeant Wm. W. McMahon, Peter Weatherby, major John T. Condon, James I. Miller, Lester Wright, Aaron V. Lambert, William H. Kinney, Charles W. Hotchkiss, Van Buren Ayers, Abram. Brokaw, Corydon Chauncey, James Clink, Russell B. Conant (in prison many months at Andersonville, Georgia), John J. Cramer, Madison Hobbs, William Lidderdale, Alexander S. McGaughey, George W. Modie, Mahlon I. Runyan and William Taylor. COMPANY C 26TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. Early in June, 1861, Captain Jesse Meredith, a veteran of the war with Mexico, as captain of Company B, Third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, at the age of forty-four years, and in June, 1861, at the age of fifty-nine years, began to raise a company in Westfield township, Morrow county, of which he was a resident, and in the adjoining territory in Delaware county ; which became Company C, of the Twenty-sixth Ohio Regiment. His commission was dated June 5, 1861. About one-half of this company was from Morrow county and one-half from Delaware county. On account of age and infirmity Captain Meredith resigned August 11, 1862. The first lieutenant was E. A. Hicks of Delaware county, who was promoted to captain of Company I. William Clark was second lieutenant, promoted to first lieutenant December 12, 1861; to captain Company E, December 5, 1862; to lieutenant colonel December 9, 1864, and mustered out with the regiment October 21, 1865, at Victoria, Texas. Other soldiers, of this company, whose merits require particular notice are Benjamin W. Shotwell, appointed sergeant and promoted first sergeant July 15, 1861; second lieutenant December 5, 1862, and first lieutenant April 6, 1863 ; severely wounded September 20, 1863, at Chickamauga, Georgia, and resigned September 13, 1864 ; veteran. Also Justin A. Goodhue, appointed sergeant and promoted to first sergeant December 5, 1862 ; second lieutenant April 6, 1863, and mustered out February 11, 1865 ; veteran. Also Jerry E. Coomer, promoted from private to hospital steward, August 1, 1864; to first lieutenant Company D, December 136 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY 9, 1864; to captain February 10, 1865, and resigned June 8, 1865 ; veteran. Also Josephus F. Doty and John B. Richardson, sergeants, serve each three years. Jesse Mason, musician, was captured September 20, 1863, at Chickamauga, Georgia, and confined in Rebel prisons at Libby, (Richmond, Virginia), Pemberton, Danville, Andersonville, Charleston and Florence, and paroled in December, 1864 ; discharged January 25, 1865. . The members from Morrow county of Company C, who were killed or died of wounds or disease in the service, were : Corporals Thomas J. Simpson, and William Creamer ; George H. Burrell, James Bartholomew, George Bensley, Newman Barber, Benjamin Corkins, John Goodhue, Daniel Hopkins, Adam Moyer, Newton Oliver, Levi Potter, Jonathan Sherwood, Albert Taylor, David H. Taylor, William H. West, Frank M. Wilcox, and Dennison Frye. Wounded : John Shoemaker. Discharged after three years' service : W. H. Miller, Vincent E. Dunnen, Elijah Hibbard, Benton Mason, and Sidney Winsor. Discharged October 21, 1865, as veterans : Theron M. Messenger, corporal ; Samuel E. Hull, musician ; William Bensley, William McClary and William Worline. COMPANY E, 26TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. At the same time Company C was recruited at Westfield, Morrow county, and in Delaware county, Dr. Sylvester M. Hewitt, of Mt. Gilead, and Henry C. Brumback, of same place, as first lieutenant, and James E. Godman, of. Cardington, as second lieutenant, commenced to recruit for Company E. Each of their commissions was dated June 5, 1861. Nearly all the enlistments were in June, 1861. On July 26, Captain Hewitt was promoted to major of the Thirty-second Regiment and on July 29, 1861, James K. Ewart, a resident of Harmony township, Morrow county, was commissioned captain of Company E. He had a military training at Norwich University, Vermont, and was an accomplished officer. Oscar L. R. French was made a first sergeant, and was discharged February 7, 1862, also as first lieutenant Company C, One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Henry C. Brumback resigned November 20, 1861, and James E. Godman was promoted to the vacancy December 23, 1861; resigned April 26, 1862, and died at home May 11, 1862. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 137 William H. Green was appointed sergeant from corporal October 11, 1861 ; and first sergeant January 14, 1863, and died October 21, 1863, from wounds, received at the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19, 1863. Walden Kelly, aged eighteen, was appointed sergeant from corporal, February 6, 1862 ; first sergeant October 22, 1863 ; promoted to first lieutenant December 9, 1864, and to captain Company F, February 28, 1865, and mustered out with that company October 21, 1865 ; veteran. His record is a very heroic one. To commemorate the services of Company E, he has written and published a sketch entitled, "A Historic Sketch ;" "Lest We Forget;" "Company E, Twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry." In it he gives a thrilling account of the services of the company and regiment. After giving a graphic account of the first day's battle at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863, he says this : "Over half of the company had fallen in two or three hours desperate fighting, not as Greek met Greek, but as Americans met Americans, so view the field, ye good people of Morrow county ; stand by that monument erected by the great State of Ohio to the memory of the Twenty-sixth, two hundred and twelve of whom fell in that bloody battle—three fourths of them undoubtedly on the Vineyard farm. Then, but a few yards away, see the one erected by the State of Georgia in memory of the Twentieth Regiment of Infantry, Confederate States of America, and read the inscription on it ; this regiment went into battle with 23 officers and of this number 17 were killed and wounded." Lieutenant Colonel William H. Young was in command of the Twenty-sixth Ohio at this battle,' and his report shows 350 men of the regiment engaged, and the total loss 213. Company E, had 32 in the battle, of whom 20 were killed and wounded. Killed and mortally wounded, First Lieutenant Francis M. Williams ; First Sergeant William H. Green ; Sergeant Silas Stucky ; Corporal Luther Reed and Privates Moses Aller, William Calvert, John Blaine, James R. Goodman, Chas. A R Kline, Samuel Neiswander, Emanuel W. Stahler, and Robert W. Stonestreet. The wounded were : Corporals James W. Clifton and Isaac D. Barrett ; William H. H. Geyer, Henry C. Latham, McDonald Lottridge, John Mishey, Joseph L. Rue, Henry Stovenour and Isaiah Sipes. Twenty killed and wounded out of thirty-two of Company E, and only one of the wounded, William H, H. Geyer was ever able to rejoin the company. The services of the Twenty-sixth Ohio, at the battle of Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863, and on the Atlanta campaign, from May 3 to September 5, 1864, in many battles, as well 138 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY as during the Nashville campaign in the destruction of the rebel army under General J. B. Hood in December, 1864, were very heroic, and those who "paid the last full meaure of devotion to their country" with their blood and their lives of Company E, in these campaigns were as follows : William Derr (twice wounded), Daniel Densel, John Derr, Origen M. Iles, Joseph Wallace Miller, Henry G. Shedd, Socrates Shaw, James H. Smith, Hudson H. Thompson, and Joseph Utter. The company and regiment were finally mustered out October 21, 1865, at Victoria, Texas, and discharged at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, in November, 1865. The descendants of the soldiers of the Twenty-sixth Ohio Regiment can refer with pride to the services of their fathers. These served three years : Sergeant George W. Jackson ; Corporal Andrew M. Smith ; Socrates Chandler, Peter Craley, Joseph Cromer, William H. H. Geyer, Henry L. High, Martin M. Karr. McDonald Lottridge, and Philip Metzger. These served as veterans and were mustered out October 21, 1865, at Victoria, Texas: First Sergeant Samuel Watson ; Sergeant John Bechtel; Corporal John L. Richardson ; John W. Emerson, Charles Henderson, George W. Longstreet, James W. Longstreet, and Edmund L. Thompson. COMPANY E, 31ST REGIMENT, O. V. I. In the last days of August, and early in September, 1861, Captain David C. Rose, who had, served from April 25, to August 22, 1861, in Company I, Third Regiment, with the aid of others, enlisted fifty-eight men in the south half of Morrow county, who, with twelve men from Preble county and the balance from Delaware county, formed Company E of the Thirty-first Regiment. Captain Rose was the oldest of seven sons of James Rose and wife, of Lincoln township. His brothers, Henry H., and James M., served under him in Company I, of the Third, and both enlisted in Company E of the Thirty-first. The other brothers were Edward, and John M., of Company B, Tenth Regiment, of Ohio cavalry; Alonzo J. of Company B, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Thirteenth Regiment, and Charles J., of Company G, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The other officers were George P. Stiles, Sr., first lieutenant ; George W. Reed, second lieutenant, and Ludwell M. Cunard, first sergeant ; the latter's wife is a sister to the Rose boys. All were commissioned September 24, 1861. Captain D. C. Rose died HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 139 December 26, 1861, at Camp Dick Robinson, Kentucky. Lieutenant Stiles served nearly three years and three months. Lieutenant Reed resigned March 18, 1862, and Sergeant Cunard was promoted to second lieutenant, and resigned August 12, 1863. Private Jonathan Culver was appointed first sergeant, and promoted to second lieutenant and mustered out with company July 20, 1865 ; wounded ; veteran. The regiment served in the army of the Cumberland in seventeen great battles and campaigns, among which were the siege of Corinth ; Perrysville, and Stone river, in 1862 ; Chickamauga and Mission Ridge in 1863 ; Resaca, Kenesaw, Peachtree Creek and Atlanta in 1864 ; Goldsboro, North Carolina, 1865 ; and "Sherman's March to the Sea." Mustered out July 20, 1865. The men of Company E, from Morrow county who gave up their lives, and those who received wounds are, besides Captain Rose ; Sergeant William B. Doty, Corporal Joseph C. Campbell, and Private Charles W. Barber. The wounded were : Lieutenant Jonathan Culver, Slocum Barge, Myron A. Cady, Nathan Herendeen, and James M. Rose. Died of disease : William R. Clark, Fred K. Kehrwecker, John Mills, and Jacob Sherman.. Those from Morrow county who served three years and were mustered out September 24, 1864, were : Lieutenant George P. Stiles, Sr., First Sergeant Nathan H. Patton, and Walter I. Case, Alexander Cunard, Myron A. Cady, Major Frost, Stephen H. Green, Caleb H. Herendeen, Nathan Herendeen, John S. Powers, Jacob Pancoast, Lorenzo Rogers, Lewis H. Shirey, Benjamin F. Tyler, Francis M. Tyler, George lent and Francis T. Conklin. The veterans mustered out July 20, 1865, were : Sergeants John D. Scovill and Thomas Edgar ; and Privates Slocum B. Barge, and Henry N. Rose. COMPANY B, 43RD REGIMENT,, O. V. I. On September 14, 1861, recruits for an original company, chiefly about Iberia, Williamsport and Chesterville, in Morrow county, were enlisted and it became Company B, Forty-third Ohio Infantry. A majority of the soldiers of this company were from the country. On the organization of this company, James Marsh-man became captain, and Samuel McClarren first lieutenant; both of whom resigned September 3, 1862, the former for ill health, and the latter for wounds. Hinchman S. Prophet, who had already served in Company C, Fifteenth Regiment, from April 23, 1861, 140 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY was appointed second lieutenant December 5, 1861; June 17, 1862, was promoted to first lieutenant and assigned to Company H ; to captain August 18, 1862, and assigned to Company C, and resigned June 10, 1863. John H. Rhodes enlisted as private October 1, 1861; was appointed first sergeant, promoted to sergeant major ; and May 15, 1862, to captain Company K ; April 15, 1865, to lieutenant colonel, and July 13, 1865, was mustered out with the regiment. The rendezvous was at Camp Andrews, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. The first colonel of the regiment was J. L. Kirby Smith, a West Point cadet, who died October 12, 1862, of a wound received at the battle of Corinth, Mississippi, October 4, 1862. The subsequent advancement of men of Company B was as follows : George W. Purcell, who enlisted October 2, 1861, was promoted to second lieutenant June 7, 1862, and to first lieutenant September 3, 1862, and mustered out with his company July 13, 1865 ; veteran. Jonathan J. McClarren, who enlisted September 14, 1861, promoted to quartermaster sergeant, and to second lieutenant September 3, 1862, and to first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster, May 27, 1863 ; and mustered out December 27, 1864, on expiration of enlistment ; veteran. Milton F. Miles, enlisted September 14, 1861, as private, and appointed sergeant ; January 9, 1862, promoted to second lieutenant Company, A, Forty-ninth Regiment, and to first lieutenant Company B, September 30, 1862 ; transferred to Company H, February 13, 1863 ; appointed adjutant Forty-ninth Regiment March 2, 1863; promoted major, March 29, 1865, and lieutenant colonel, June 26, 1865 ; mustered out with Forty-ninth Regiment November 30, 1865; veteran. James H. Green enlisted September 14, 1861, as private ; promoted to hospital steward January 1, 1864, and transferred to Fourth Alabama, Company F ; veteran. The soldiers of Company B, were more than an average for intelligence and soldierly qualities. A number of men of Company E, Forty-third Regiment were also from Morrow county; among whom were : Charles P. Andrews, Henry Nefe, Francis M. Carpenter, Henry Graverick, and Justus and David Paxton, son and father. Also several Morrow county men were in Company K, among whom were Denton and David Brewer, William M. Eccles, Harrison Kinneman, and Charles E. Lewis. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 141 The casualties in Company B, among soldiers from Morrow county, were : Killed and died from wounds : Corporal Salathiel K. Galleher, William Creighton Orr, and Robert Simpson ; and privates Bradford Huld, James B. Bowen, W. L. Churchhill (in rebel prison), Joseph Sunderland, and Nathan Thornburg. The wounded were : Sergeant Asher Reynolds and James Heffelfinger, Russell B. Clink, and James Gage. The killed in Company E, were : Henry Nefe, and Justus Paxton, and Company K, David Brewer (in prison). Those who died from disease in Company B, were : John M. Breese, Alexander Fleming, William H. Marple, and Thomas E. Turner. The Forty-third Regiment took part in the following battles, sieges and raids : New Madrid, Missouri, March 13, 1862 ; Iuka and Corinth, Mississippi ; Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw, Nickajack Creek, Atlanta and Savannah, Georgia ; Rivers Bridge, South Carolina, and Sherman's "March to the Sea." It was mustered out July 13, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky. These men of Company B served three years: Sergeants Fred F. Adams, and Orson D. Merriman ; Corporals Francis M. Iden, and Elias Ashburn ; and privates Commodore P. Brollier, Harod Hays, Moses C. Rogers, Madison M. Smith, Leonidas W. Wilson, and George Yeagly ; and in Company E, Francis M. Carpenter. These men of Company B were veterans and mustered out July 13, 1865 : Captain Jerry O. McDonald ; First Sergeant Thomas Dakan ; Commissary Sergeant Henry H. Adams; Quartermaster Sergeant James B. Conger ; Sergeants Bentley B. Benedict, James M. Peterson, and Asher Reynolds ; Corporals Calvin D. French, Aaron B. Kees, George W. Reese, Robert Simpson, Thomas Turner; Musicians David Auld and Dennis Auld ; Privates James Heffelfinger, James B. Bowen, Robert M. Clayton, Russel B. Clink, Daniel Conger, Michael Denton, Milo A. Dicks, Charles S. Ely, Henry Fleming, John Groves, James Gage, Edward Hilliard, Washington G. Irwin, Edward Jones, Zephaniah Kinney, Judson J. Kelly, George W. Mills, Thomas B. Morris, Samuel Pipes, John H. Rogers, and of Company E, Charles P. Andrews, Henry Nefe, and John J. Gainer. AN ESCAPED ANDERSONVILLE PRISONER. By Calvin D. French, Company B, 43rd O. V. I. "On the morning of the 4th of August, 1864, the Forty-third Ohio Regiment, with others, was ordered to advance the Union 142 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY lines in front of Atlanta, Georgia. Our regiment was put on the skirmish line, after piling all of our knapsacks together, each company 's by itself. We started from a depleted line about nine in the morning, and went over fences and ditches into a dense underbrush, the rebel batteries covering their infantry while firing at us. The bullets were coming thick and fast, and I stepped behind a tree, which was so small I had to stand sidewise to get under cover. I continued to fire my gun as rapidly as possible in the direction of the enemy who were concealed in the thick underbrush directly ahead. Suddenly a rebel appeared at my left, closely followed by others. I had become separated from the rest of the company, in the rush which followed our advance, and only Barney Keyes and one other member of my company were in sight. They turned and ran, but Keyes stumbled and fell. I thought he had been shot. Realizing that I was surrounded, my first impulse was to break my gun against the tree, and, as I raised it to do so, a rebel ordered me to halt at the point of his gun, and I was compelled to hand my Endfield over to him. ' Come on, you Yank,' he said, and I was marched back through the rebel forts to Atlanta, which was just east of their lines. "The guard took me with a few others they had captured into an old barn, where we were kept under guard for the night. The next morning we were marched about six miles south to a station called Eastport, and in the evening were put on a train and started for Andersonville, where we arrived about ten o'clock the following morning. "The stockade was built of pine logs about fifteen feet high set on end in the ground, each log touching the other. This ran all the way on four sides enclosing about thirty acres of ground. The rebel guards were stationed on top of this stockade at intervals of about fifty feet where a small guardhouse was built, reached by stairs from the outside. "We were driven like cattle into this pen. There were three from my company (John H. Rogers, James B. Bowen and myself) all of us young, stout and healthy. The first night we went to the north side of the prison and, with my blouse for a blanket and my shoes for a pillow, began my service in Andersonville, the stars for my consolation and the rebel guards for protection. When I shook my blouse in the morning, a multitude of maggots and vermin dropped to the ground, which awakened me to the real conditions under which we were placed. "The site of Andersonville was a solid pine forest before the HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 143 war, and when the first prisoners were brought there they had built some small shanties or huts with some of the trees which were left after the stockade and other rebel buildings had been constructed. These shanties were all occupied by prisoners and some others had dug-outs in the ground covered with split timbers. But those who came in the summer of 1864 had the sky only for their covering. "There was a low piece of ground toward the south end of the enclosure where the water from the rebel soldiers' camp came down through the prison. This stream was bridged with a plank covering at one place to convey prisoners from one side of the prison to the other. This stream was filled with filth which came from the rebel camp above, but it was the only source of water supply for the new recruits. The older prisoners had dug wells, but they were insufficient to supply more than their own needs, and the spirit of the prison was 'every man for himself in the desperate struggle for existence.' There was a market street where Union soldiers had dried roots to sell ; also biscuits which they had made from flour purchased from the rebels. They got the roots by rolling up their sleeves and digging in the swale filled with the refuse of the prison. Once a day the rebs would send a wagon through the prison with corn bread or baked beans, which were distributed to the prisoners. When we got bread we got no beans, and when we got beans we got no bread. Food, food, was the great cry of the prison, and the only think talked about was some. thing to eat. I have seen stout, robust men look over the situation when they arrived as prisoners of war, lay down in the hot sand, and in a day or two were so weak they could not stand up. They would simply root their heads in the sand and in a short period of time die. It was such a common occurance that no one paid any attention to such a thing. To live through such an ordeal required steel courage and not a thought of despair. While it looked hopeless, some of us had a ray of hope that Sherman would cause the rebels to transfer us to a safer place. "While I was there the Providence spring broke out during a night of heavy thunder and rain storm. Some of the stockade was washed down. In the morning there was a spring with running water nice and coolbetween the dead line and the stockade. They ran this water over the dead line so we could get it. Each man took his turn to drink or take a canteen of water away with him, and there was a continuous line of men from daybreak in the morning until dark. This was the best water I ever drank, and the spring was rightly named 'Providence.' 144 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY "The dead line was constructed of a narrow piece of board nailed on stakes about fifteen feet from the stockade all around the prison. If a prisoner touched or fell on the line—even though from weakness—the guards killed him. Commencing at dark and lasting until daylight, on the hour the guards would pass along the call 'eight o'clock and all's well,' nine o'clock and all's well,' and so on through the dismal night. "Time passed on and we learned that Sherman had captured Atlanta. On September 11th it came my turn to march to the depot, and about eight o'clock in the morning we were put in box cars and started for Charleston, South Carolina. At Macon we were allowed to be around some under guard. After leaving Macon one prisoner said to me that he would have gotten away there if someone had gone with him. I told him that I would have done so, and then told him a plan which had come to me during our journey to Macon. We agreed that we would work over near the door of the car and when the train was running slowly I would get off and he would follow as soon as possible. We were then to walk toward each other and make for the Union lines together. Soon the train began to slacken its speed, and he took hold of my hand and let me down until my feet touched the ground, and let go. I rolled over and over to a ditch beside the track and lay quiet until the train had passed. The guards in the cars and on top failed to see me and I was a free man again, for the moment at least. In letting me down from the car my left leg struck against a tie and when I got up after a few minutes found that I was quite badly hurt, although I could walk. I then started in the direction the train was moving to meet my comrade. I went some little way and saw a cabin by the side of the track. A negro was living there, and he got me some cold water with which to bathe my leg, and also bartered my blouse for his gray coat. He gave me some corn bread and I went on down the track. "After going a little further I heard someone whistle, which was our prearranged signal, and my comrade in the escape, who I later learned was George W. Wagerly, of Chillicothe, Ohio, came up the bank, and we shook hands. We were glad to see each other. We went back the way we had come and stopped at the negro shanty. The darky told us to go back the railroad track about three miles until we came to a road crossing, then to turn to the right and follow the road. We were now in the enemy's territory and had to use every -precaution in our movements. When we reached the road crossing we saw a fire and found it was a rebel HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 145 picket with three men around the fire. We went back a hundred paces or more and removed our shoes, and then slowly and quietly got by them. "We deemed it wise not to go in the road, but to keep in the woods and open fields. We turned into a path in the underbrush and followed it until daylight, when we camped near an open field in some low bushes. We slept some during the day. Some negroes passed close by, but we lay low waiting for night to come. Then we went to the nearest plantation and made friends, with a negro, who got some johnny cake for us, which we relished very much. We then struck out, taking the moon and stars for a guide, traveling through corn fields, swamps, wet grass, sometimes eating sweet corn and now and then some raw sweet potatoes. We kept clear of the road, although progress was very slow otherwise. We got wet through and before morning were hardly able to walk, but our only thought was of escape and return to the Union lines. At the break of day we could find some low bushes and camp for the day. This we kept up for seven or eight days and nights, depending upon the negroes at the plantations for most of our food. "The eighth night when we got our corn bread from the darkey at a plantation, he said, 'Massa, there is no rebs in these parts, why doan you all take the road.' Well, that night we took the road and went as directed, but about nine o'clock there came a man on horseback at full gallop right to us before we could get out of sight. We were pretty well scared, thinking he was a reb, but he asked where some doctor lived, and we quickly told him there was one three miles straight ahead. He whipped up his horse and drove away, and we drew a long breath of relief. "Toward morning we came to an outpost of rebels. We went around them, and soon came to a railroad that had been torn up by Sherman's army before he took Atlanta. A burned bridge impeded our progress, and we had considerable difficulty getting over the river. That day was Sunday, and we camped in the woods. About three o'clock saw some women and children coming towards us. We went over the hill on a run and into a big swamp, where we remained until darkness came. We could hear the bark of blood hounds in the far distance, and thought they might be on our trial, but the sounds gradually died out. It would have meant the end of our hopes had the hounds been on our trail, for we had no means of defence, and our strength was on the wane. "Progress in the swamp was very difficult. Every step we would go down in the mud and water, then get up again only to 146 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY fall headlong the next step. When we finally did get to dry ground again, we were a dilapidated looking sight. We moved at a slow pace, but were not disheartened. In a little while we began to smell the camp fires, and soon after midnight we could see our pickets a short distance ahead. It was necessary at this point to use great precaution in advancing for fear we would be mistaken for rebels. At four in the morning we were halted by our guards, and we told them we were escaped prisoners. We were escorted to the picket post and everyone greeted us with open arms. It was the happiest time of my life. Once more back to real freedom. When our thoughts reverted to the prison pen where 32,000 were huddled together in about thirty acres, and where they died at the rate of ninety a day during our confinement there, it made us thankful beyond expression for our deliverance. "After being fed and given some clothing, we were taken by wagon to Atlanta, Georgia, four miles south. Brother Oscar came to see me before we started. They had all believed that I was killed instead of being captured. At Atlanta we were taken to the Soldiers' Home, where we had plenty to eat. It was at this place that my comrade in the escape, George W. Wagerly, of Chillicothe, Ohio, and I became separated, and I have never seen nor heard from him since, although I have used every endeavor to get ip communication with him. "I found some of the boys from my company and went with them to where our regiment was camped. They gave me a great reception. Barney Keyes was one of the first boys I met. "In a few days I was granted a furlough and went home. When my furlough of thirty days had expired I went back to Atlanta, and arrived just in time to go with Sherman on his March to the Sea. FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. These men of Morrow county served in the Fifty-fifth Regiment, namely : First Sergeant John B. Gatchel, Company F, nearly four years ; previously three months in Company I, Fifteenth Regiment, and wounded at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was County Recorder of Morrow county from 1876 to 1882. A cut of him appears on the following page. Also Clark Edgington, in Company F, and in Company G, Henry H. Sterner. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 147 COMPANY C, 64TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. In the Sixty-fourth Regiment were about twenty men, mainly in Company C, from Morrow county, chiefly among whom were : Riley Albach, who enlisted October 9, 1861, as private ; appointed sergeant November 18, 1861, and first sergeant October 31, 1862 ; promoted to second lieutenant April 1, 1863 ; wounded November 25, 1863, at Mission Ridge, Tennessee ; promoted to first lieutenant August 5, 1863, and resigned May 7, 1864 ; veteran. Jacob H. Shauck, enlisted as private October 5, 1861; appointed first sergeant October 31, 1861; discharged February 20, 1863, for disability. Jacob Shively, enlisted October 19, 1861; appointed corporal October 31; and sergeant November 27, 1861; wounded, May 25, PICTURE OF JOHN B. GATCHELL. 1864, at Dallas, Georgia ; mustered out January 11, 1865 ; veteran. Alben Coe, enlisted as private October 4, 1861; appointed sergeant October 31, 1861; discharged for disability January 11, 1863; also captain Company E, Ninth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. William Christy,. enlisted as private October 11, 1861; appointed corporal November 1, 1864; mustered out October 3, 1865 ; veteran. Joseph E. Moser, enlisted October 4, 1861; appointed corporal April 7, 1863 ; killed September 20, 1863, at Chickamauga, Georgia. John W. Leidleigh, enlisted October 22, 1861, as private ; 148 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY wounded May 9, 1864, at Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia ; promoted to sergeant major May 1, 1864 ; mustered out with regiment December 3, 1865. The Sixty-fourth belonged with the Sixty-fifth Regiment to Sherman's famous brigade, and was in the same battles and campaigns as the latter. COMPANY D, 65TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. Contributed by Sergeant Washington Gardner. Company D, Sixty-fifth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was recruited wholly from Morrow county during the month of October, 1861. The men came chiefly from Mount Gilead and nearby towns, and from Westfield and vicinity. At that time, and for many years after, James Olds, who recruited the company, was the foremost lawyer in the county. His boyhood home was on a farm near Westfield, the people in that section were proud of him, and the young men were eager to follow his standard. In November, 1861, the company assembled in Mt. Gilead, where it had its first formation on the public square and from which it broke ranks to be taken in private conveyances to Camp Buckingham, near Mansfield, where it became a part of the regiment above named. It was mustered into the United States service for three years, or during the war, December 3, 1861. James Olds became the first major of the regiment ; John Chambers Baxter, captain of Company D ; David H. Rowland, first lieutenant, and John T. Hyatt, second lieutenant. Chailes G. Harker, a young man of twenty-five years of age, a graduate of West Point and a captain in the Fifteenth United States Infantry, was made colonel. Harker was an accomplished and gallant officer, and greatly endeared himself to the men of his command His death as a brigadier general, on the slopes of Kenesaw Mountain, was sincerely mourned, and his memory is treasured by all who served under him During its first year of service Company D, though not seriously engaged in battle, lost by disease, Lieutenant Hyatt, died while the company was still in Camp Buckingham. He was a promising young officer, who had seen service during a previous three months' , enlistment. His death, so soon after going into camp, made a profound impression on the company. Septimus Clagett died February 6th ; William H. Braddock, February 10th, and Abraham M. Smith, March 5, 1862, all in hospital at Stanford, HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 149 Kentucky, and Andrew M. Buck died in hospital at Lebanon, Kentucky, February 24th of the same year. Captain Baxter resigned February 26th, Lieutenant Rowland, June 16th, and Major Olds, October 7th, all in 1862. During the first twelve months in the field, twenty-five men were discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability. During its first year of service the company lost, by death, resignation or discharge, thirty-two of its original eighty-seven officers and men ; or almost exactly thirty-seven per cent, before a single man had been killed or wounded, or the company seriously engaged in battle. Besides these, James Peak had been transferred to the navy. The company entered its second year with a total enrollment of fifty-four officers and men, present and absent. Asa M. Trimble, who had been promoted successively from sergeant to first lieutenant, was now regimental quartermaster; Asa A. Gardner, who had likewise been advanced through the same grades, was first lieutenant, commanding the company, and John S. Talmage was second lieutenant. The company was on the field at Shiloh, the second day of the battle, but was not actively engaged ; it had also been in a number of skirmishes and was in supporting distance at the battle of Perryville, but was not in the fight. Its first real battle came early in the second year of its service at Stone river, near Murfreesborough, Tennessee, on the last day of December, 1862, and the first three days of January, 1863. In this battle John Long, a younger brother of Robert, was fatally wounded on December 31st, and died on the 18th of the following January. Lieutenant Asa A. Gardner, commanding Company D, while endeavoring to rally his hard-pressed men, was shot through the body. When the ball struck him, he fell forward on his face, his sword dropping from his hand. All supposed, until some time after when the lost ground was recovered, that he was dead upon the field. In Colonel Harker's official report of the battle, Lieutenant Gardner received honorable mention Amos Pinyard lost an arm ; Fred Moser was badly wounded, the ball passing through the face from cheek to cheek, knocking out most of his teeth and breaking his jaws. Pinyard and Moser were permanently disabled. Others wounded, but less severely, were Samuel P. Snider, Daniel Griffith, Elias Aldrich, John Bailey, Samuel Kirkpatrick, William L. Thompson, George W. Jackson and Joel Wright. Joseph Dewitt and Calvin W. Hudson were taken prisoners, but after a few weeks were exchanged and returned to service.. Following the battle of Stone River, the company participated Vol. I-10