(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 150 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY in the Tullahoma and the Chattanooga campaigns and took part in the battle of Chickamauga, September 19 and 20, 1863. Lieutenant Gardner who, in the meantime, had been promoted to captain, had sufficiently recovered from his Stone River wound to return to the field and took his company into action on Saturday afternoon, September 19th. In the first volley from the enemy, which was fired at close range, John O. Bartlett was shot dead in the front line of battle. During the war the Sixty-fifth Ohio lost many worthy men in battle, but it laid no purer nor, nobler sacrifice upon the altar than this Mount Gilead youth of twenty years. In the same (PICTURE OF JOHN O. BARTLETT) line, and almost at the same time that young Bartlett fell with a bullet through his brain, Captain Gardner was again shot through the body, James Hopkins through the shoulder, and William Taylor who had been hit at Stone River and had recovered, was again among the wounded. On Sunday, about noon of the 20th, in a desperate encounter with the enemy and after the field officers of the regiment and the line officers of Company D had all been killed or wounded, a captain of the line was in command of the regiment and Sergeant Samuel P. Snider, in command of Company D. At this time Junius B. Shaw was badly wounded. Taking his shattered and HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 151 bleeding right arm in his left, he withdrew from the line of battle and walked twelve miles through dust and heat to Chattanooga, where he submitted to an amputation at the shoulder. There was no finer example of genuine grit than this grim twelve-mile march of Shaw, looking for a surgeon to sever his lacerated arm from his body. Samuel P. Snider, though only a boy not yet quite eighteen years old, was so brave and so. competent a company commander in battle as to deserve and receive high praise in the offiCial report of the commanding officer of the regiment. About was hit, the Union line was being hard pressed by the enemy not only in front but on both flanks. Snider received a grievous wound through the right shoulder and while prostrate on the field was captured. Sergeant Robert Long, who stopped to minister to his suffering comrade, likewise fell into the hands of the enemy and was kept in prison until the close of the war. He was a passenger with 1,898 otherexehanged prisoners on the ill-fated "Sultana," the memory of which still causes "a shudder of horror to all who recall the many heroic men who having endured the horrors of prison now went from her burning decks to a watery grave. Among others captured at this stage of the battle were Calvin W. Hudson, Joseph Dewitt, Ira Barber and Harvey Wheeler. The three last named died in prison. Hudson, while being transferred from one place of confinement to another, managed.to escape and after a perilous experience of lying in hiding, by day, and traveling under the friendly aid and guidance of the negroes, by night, reached our lines in June, 1864; ragged and emaciated, but happy to be once more among friends. Company D was among the beseiged at Chattanooga in the fall of 1863; it participated in the assault on Missionary Ridge and in the march to the relief of Knoxville, where it completed its second full year in the service. In this second year, there was much of hard srvice and hard fighting. The company had lost, killed in battle two, wounded seventeen, five of the latter so severely as never to be able to return to active service. Eight were taken prisoners during the year, three of whom died. Three were discharged for disabilities other than wounds.. Among these was John Barger, a fine-spirited youth from near Mount Gilead, who died on his way home after being discharged. In the latter part of the winter of 1863-4 a large per cent of Company D veteranized—i. e., reenlisted for three years more, or during the war. The reenlisted men were given a home furlough 152 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY for thirty days. When the Atlanta campaign opened, in the spring of 1864, there were but comparatively few cf the original members of Company D in line. In the affair at Rocky Face Ridge, on May 9th, the company suffered no casualty ; but five days later at Resaca, Georgia, it lost over thirty per cent of the original company actually engaged. In this battle, John Koon was mortally wounded on Saturday afternoon, and died in the field hospital the following Sunday morning. Koon died like a true soldier. Not a murmur of complaint escaped his lips because of suffering or the approach of death. When the fatal bullet struck him, he was within elbow touch, on (PICTURE OF JOHN S. MCKIBB1N.) the right, with the author of this sketch, and was but third man from him in the row of wounded in the field hospital when he died., John S. McKibbin also received a wound, from the effect of which he died a few weeks later. Company D had no more faithful or dependable soldier, whether in the camp or in battle, than Mr. McKibben whose body now rests in the family burial lot near his boyhood home at Iberia. Hiram Wheeler and Washington Gardner were badly and Joel Wright slightly wounded at Resaca. Wright returned to the com- HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 153 pany and served until the regiment was mustered out. Neither Wheeler nor Gardner was ever after able for duty in the field. In the Atlanta campaign, during which there were one hundred successive days that artillery or musketry firing could be heard somewhere along the line, Company D was reduced to two muskets in line for duty out of the more than eighty that went out from Mansfield. The company had been considerably strengthened by drafts and substitutes, but these not being from Morrow county are not considered in this sketch further than to say that they did splendid service, as is attested by the list of killed and wounded from their number, notably in the battles of Spring Hill and Nashville. (PICTURE OF MILLER) John S. Talmage, who had been promoted to first lieutenant, resigned in July, 1864, and Sergeant Snider became, during the same year, a captain in the United States colored troops. On December 14, 1864, while the Union army was lying on the outskirts of Nashville, the non-veterans in the field were mustered out, they having served a little more than three years, the full term of enlistment, and were given an honorable discharge. They were Sergeant Ira Herrick, Sergeant Washington Gardner, and Private Barak M. Butler, Frederick Cutler, Zeno Hakes, Calvin W. Hudson 154 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY and Gilbert E. Miller Three of thesere from Mount Gilead and three from Westfield. John C. Barber was mustered out December 16, 1864, at Columbus, Ohio ; Harrison Clark, October 20th, at Camp Dennison, Ohio ; William L. Thompson, January 10, 1865; Joseph M. Farley, March 20, 1865, and Sergeant Robert W. Long, May 20, 1865. These were all members of the original company and each had served three years or more. Those who had veteranized continued in the service. Among those was Jonathan Lewis. He was a great favorite in Westfield, where he was born and reared. While home on veteran furlough, he married a Westfield young woman of good family. Most of his first period of service Lewis had been a musician ; consequently he did not go into battle. Near the close of his first enlistment he asked to enter the ranks and carry a gun. He was appointed a corporal November 1, 1864, and on the 14th day of December, the day his non-veteran comrades were discharged, he was made a sergeant and on the 16th, two days later, was shot dead on the field of battle near Nashville. He was the last soldier of Company D to give his life for his country in battle. In the village cemetery at Westfield his body rests beside that of his brother, Orson, of the same company. Robert T. McKibben, a younger brother of John, came as a recruit to the company during the winter of 1862-3, and served the three years' term of enlistment. Of the original members of the company, when mustered out of service at Victoria, Texas, November 30, 1865, were First Lieutenant William H. Smith, First Lieutenant William H. Mozier, who had done excellent service as hospital steward; Second Lieutenant Joseph Meredith, who had served as regimental commissary sergeant ; Second Lieutenant Joel Wright, Sergeant Daniel Griffith and Sergeant Zeno Wood. According to the official record, the oldest man in Company D was Edward Terry, forty-nine, and the youngest Washington Gardner, sixteen. Both were from the village of Westfield. Nineteen per cent of the company was killed in battle, mortally wounded, or died of disease or in prison. Eighteen per cent were wounded once and several of these twice. Seven were captured on the field of battle, three of whom died in prison. Ten became commissioned officers. So far as is known at this date, fifty years after enlistment, every surviving member has lived a respectable life. Several have been more than ordinarily successful in business, and some have HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 155 been honored by their fellow citizens with positions of trust and responsibility. Among the latter may be mentioned Captain Asa A. Gardner, who served the people of Morrow county as probate judge for a period of six years, and Lieutenant William H. Mozier, who held the same honorable office in the county of Van Wert for three years. Captain Samuel P. Snider served two years in congress, and Sergeant Washington Gardner, a younger brother of Asa, served five years as secretary of state in. Michigan and twelve years in congress. Snider and Gardner, each of whom was sixteen years old at the time of enlistment in 1861, were the "kids" of Company D. They were for a time bunk-mates and, so far as is known, are the only two rank-and-file soldiers who slept under the same army blanket in the war who afterward both served in the congress of the United States.. COMPANY K, 66TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. Sixteen soldiers from southwestern Morrow county served in Company K, Sixty-sixth Regiment, among whom were First Lieutenant Wilson Martin and Watson N. Clark; Sergeants Yelverton P. Barry and Alva M. Rhoads (both wounded at Chancellorsville, Virginia) and Philip Phillippi, and Privates William Powell (who lost a leg at Antietam, Maryland) and Francis C. Shaw. Those who served three years were Daniel W. Gibbs and Mark Sweet ; and, as veterans, Philip Phillippi, Benjamin Peak, John Van Brimer, James D. Bishop and Benjamin F. Stokes. COMPANIES F, G AND K, 81ST REGIMENT, O. V. I. In August and September, 1861, and later, seventy-five men from the eastern and northeastern parts of Morrow county enlisted in Company F, and G, and in August, 1862, thirty more in Company K, Eighty-first Regiment. The complete organization of a full regiment was delayed many months. On the initial organization of the regiment Samuel E. Adams, of Chesterville, was made quartermaster and served as such from August 19, 1861, to August 18, 1864. Andrew R. Boggs, private in Company G, was promoted to quartermaster sergeant and served until July 22, 1862, and was discharged for disability ; later adjutant One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment. 156 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Pascal B. Ayers, aged fifty-one year's, private Company G, of Chesterville, was made commissary sergeant and discharged August 22, 1862, for disability. Richard S. Laycox, Company F; was promoted to principal musician. The officers in Company F were : William Pitman, successively promoted from private to sergeant, first sergeant, sergeant major, second and first lieutenant and assistant adjutant general, second brigade, fourth division, Fifteenth Army Corps ; mustered out March 27, 1865 ; veterans. Wesley K. James, promoted from private to sergeant and first sergeant for good conduct at battle of Corinth, Mississippi ; mustered out December 13, 1864. The officers of Company G, from Morrow county were Russell B. Kinsell, captain ; Eli A. James, first lieutenant, and Caleb B. Ayres, second lieutenant, each of whom was, commissioned October 2, 1861, and resigned : Captain Kinsell, August 15, 1862 ; discharged : Lieutenant Ayres, September 30, 1862. Lieutenant James was discharged June 30, 1862. In the roster of Ohio soldiers of the Eighty-first Regiment, published by the state, fourteen soldiers, including Sergeant Samuel Virtue, are omitted from the roster, in Companies F and G. In Company H, Thomas H. Imes, was appointed sergeant August 21, 1862 ; promoted to first sergeant and to second and first lieutenant, and mustered out July 13, 1865. The first service of a detachment of the regiment, from September 24, 1861, to March 1, 1862, was in northern Missouri, where about one-half of the population were rebels and bushwhackers, which made the service especially dangerous, and where several expeditions against bands of guerrillas were undertaken, one of two weeks duration in December, 1861, on which the men at night slept on the ground in rain, sleet and snow with no covering but blankets. Early in March, 1862, the regiment left St. Louis, Missouri, on the transport and steamboat, "Meteor," and arriving at Pittsburg Landing March 17th, was assigned to. McArthur 's brigade of General C. F. Smith's division, and while in camp here the regiment was vigorously drilled by Major Evans. Following the battle of Shiloh the rebel army retreated to Corinth, Mississippi, and in-trenched, the Union army besieged it, but during the whole spring and until the evacuation of Corinth by the Rebel army May 15, 1862, only a few skirmishes occurred. The armies menaced each other HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 157 all summer at Corinth and on October 3 and 4, 1862, a great battle was fought in which the Eighty-first lost 14 killed and 44 wounded. In 1863, but two battles occurred in which the Eighty-first was engaged, Tuscumbia and Town Creek, Alabama, with small loss. In April, 1864, preparations were made for the Atlanta campaign, in which the Eighty-first was engaged in the following battles: Leys Ferry, May 14th and 15th; Rome Cross Roads, May 16th; Dallas, May 26th to June 4; Atlanta, June 22nd, and a second battle, July 28th; the seige of Atlanta, July 28th to September 2nd; Jonesboro, August 31st to September 1st, and Lovejoy Station, September 2nd to 6th, 1864, all in the state of Georgia ; in which the Eighty-first, had 62 killed, 80 wounded and 160 died of disease. Those killed and died of wounds in Companies F and G, from Morrow county, were : Sergeant James Carrothers ; Corporal Abner McCall, and Privates Daniel H. Brown, Durbin French, Leman P. Gifford and John R. Thompson; and in Company K, Benton Karr. The wounded in Companies F and G were : Sergeants Ira Hartwell and Marcus L. Newland, and Privates George A. Crowell, John E. Jones ; in Company K, Thomas. J. Burwell and Samuel Shaffer. The men of Company F who served three years were, besides those already noted above : Ira Hartwell, Marion Hartwell, Daniel W. Potts, Marcus L. Newland, William Bates, Napoleon B. Bowker, Benjamin F. Hartwell, James W. Galleher, Daniel Cooper, Silas Richey, Duncan Bowker, Moses Clark, Orion Clark, George W. Cunningham, John Gleason, Robert H. Inscho, Davis E. James, Caleb S. Jeffries, John E. Jones, Augustus Jones, Alexander Mann, Wiley Peterson, James D. Pitts, Clark Richards, Samuel J. Rogers, Sylvester Shipman and William Wagoner ; and veterans George Allington, George A. Crowell, James Kennedy and Albert Kinnaman. In Company K, which was enlisted in August, 1862, the men who served nearly three years were as follows : Lieutenant Thomas H. Imes; Peter Snyder, Joseph J. Smart, Stephen Hosford, John R. Stoller, Andrew W. Kerr, Samuel Mobley, Levi Arman, Delevan Brewer, John Burkhart, Thomas J. Burwell, William B. Dickey, Justus Dye, David L. Elder, George Fry, Charles S. Garberich, Harrison Harding, Jacob Hill, Samuel James, Samuel Pitman, Samuel Shaffer, Jacob B. Snyder, Thomas W. Snyder, Samuel Spigle, James Stall and Marcus L. Teeple. 158 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY COMPANY C, 82ND REGIMENT, O. V. I. In November, 1861, Francis M. Baker and Morris Baker, of Harmony township (the latter wounded May 2, 1863, in the battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia), enlisted in Company C, Eighty-second Regiment, and both were finally mustered out July 24, 1865, as veterans. George. A. Breckenridge, of Westfield township, enlisted in the same company November 25, 1861, and was discharged May 13, 1864, for wounds received July 1, 1863, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. On February 29, 1864, Orlando D. Phillips enlisted in same company, and was wounded at Dallas, Georgia, May 25, 1864, and transferred to Veteran Relief Corps March 3, 1865. COMPANIES B AND C, 85TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. James G. Shedd, of Mt. Gilead, May 27, 1862, enlisted for three months in Company B, Eighty-fifth Regiment, and in the last days of May and June, 1862, fifty-six men were from Morrow county enlisted for three months in Company C. Some of these men were transferred to Company I, Eighty-seventh Infantry. (See state roster). Of Company C, Thomas S. Bunker was made captain; Silas Holt, first lieutenant (died August 4, 1862, at Camp Chase, Ohio), and Ludwell W. Nickols, second lieutenant, and all who were not transferred to Company I, Eighty-seventh Regiment, were mustered out September 23, 1862. COMPANY I, 87TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. The twenty men of Company C, Eighty-fifth Regiment, from Morrow county transferred to Company I, Eighty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, were with the remainder of the command taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry,. Virginia, September 15, 1862, by General "Stonewall" Jackson's Rebel army. After their term of enlistment had expired (the Eighty-seventh being a three months regiment), they were released on their paroles, and mustered out October 3, 1862. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 159 88TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. In the early summer of 1862, four companies, called the First Battalion Governors' Guards, were organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, and in July and August of that year six more companies were mustered into the United States service for three years, as the Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry. About one hundred men were from Morrow county, many of whom were drawn from the religious denomination of Friends, conscientiously opposed to war but desirous to serve their country. The regiment was engaged principally in guarding rebel prisoners at Camp Chase. It also took part in the pursuit of General John Morgan's raiders, and in the insurrection in Holmes county, Ohio. It was mustered out July 3, 1865. COMPANIES C AND D, 96TH REGIMENT, O. V. I. Of the field and staff officers of the Ninety-sixth Regiment, Morrow county furnished the following : Adjutant George N. (PICTURES OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL ALBERT H. BROWN) Clark, who was commissioned July 18, 1862, and, for ill health, resigned February 28, 1863. David A Stark, adjutant, promoted from Company C ; resigned November 20; 1863. Charles W. Ketcham, chaplain ; commission dated September 10, 1862, and resigned June 22, 1863. 160 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY George M. Scott, chaplain ; promoted from first sergeant Company C, and discharged December 15, 1864. Henry S. Bunker, promoted from private Company C, to commissary sergeant, March 4, 1863, and mustered out with regiment, at Mobile, Alabama, July 7, 1865. Henry S. Green, promoted from private Company C to hospital steward, and mustered out with regiment, July 7, 1865, at Mobile, Alabama. The rendezvous of the regiment was at Camp Delaware, Ohio, and the men assisted in building the barracks ; left by rail on September 1, 1862, and arrived at Covington, Kentucky, that evening. Company C and seventy-five men of Company D, were enlisted in Morrow county in the last days of July and the early days of August, 1862. Twenty-five men of Company D, came from Marion county, Ohio. Levi Reichelderfer, who had served fourteen months in Company E, Fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the war with Mexico, from May 15, 1847, to July 20, 1848, was commissioned (July 23, 1862) as captain of Company C, and resigned March 26, 1863. Thomas E. Shunk was commissioned August 9, 1862, as first lieutenant, and died March 27, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana. David A. Stark was commissioned second lieutenant August 9, 1862 ; promoted to first lieutenant and adjutant January 26, 1863, and resigned November 20, 1863. Morris Burns was appointed first sergeant and discharged for disability, March 11, 1863. Sergeant John W. Godman was promoted to first lieutenant March 27, 1863, and mustered out with company July 7, 1865. Sergeant Charles 0. Oldfield was promoted to second lieutenant January 26, 1863, and to first lieutenant July 13, 1864; transferred to Company B, and mustered out with company July 7, 1865. Sergeant Jacob W. Dalrymple was promoted to first sergeant April 30, 1864, and to second lieutenant November 18, 1864; transferred to Company B and mustered out with that company at Mobile, Alabama, July 7, 1865. Corporal George M. Scott was promoted to first sergeant and to chaplain, June 24, 1863, and discharged December 15, 1864. Sergeant George S. Singer, at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, Louisiana, April 8, 1864, was color-bearer. On the retreat he was commanded by the rebels to surrender the colors, but amid a shower HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 161 of bullets, which riddled his clothes, refused to give up the flag and brought it safely off the field. He was discharged May 24, 1865. The hospital steward, Dr. Henry S. Green, at Sabine Cross Roads was taken prisoner, and was on duty ten weeks with three hundred Union wounded in Rebel hospitals at Mansfield, Louisiana. The killed and died of wounds in Company C at Arkansas Post, Arkansas, January 11, 1863, were Cyrus Devore, Daniel Linden and George W. Curren ; at Grand Coteau, Louisiana, November 3, 1863, William H. Wheeler; at Sabine Cross Roads, Louisiana, April 8, 1864, James J. Gilkison ; and Daniel McClary, lost on steamer "Sultana," April 28, 1865. The wounded were Robert T. Barge and William Faris at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Alfred J. Battey, Francis M. Harris and Julius V. Wood (lost right arm), at Grand Coteau, Louisiana, and Gilbert Cronk and Peter D. Wilson at Sabine Cross Roads. Died of Disease : Lieutenant Thomas E. Shunk, Sergeant John Kehrweaker, Corporal Robert P. Demuth, and Privates David Barber, Thomas Barber, George W. Barnhard, William D. Barnhard, Joshua Brokaw, Hampton Brown, Albert G. Canis, James W. Clark, John H. Click, Albert S. Coomer, James H. Coomer, Benson H. Conway, Jacob P. Cratt, James H. Cunningham, Elisha Everts, Edwin B. Frost, Josiah T. Howard, Lyman Losee, Joseph Matheany; John W. Myers, Oliver P. Phillips, Andrew J. Reed, Obed Rogers, Fortunatus Sherman, Caleb Underwood, Albert D. White and Elias White. William M. Dwyer, who had previously served as sergeant for eight months in Company C, Fifteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was commissioned July. 23, 1862, as captain of Company D, Ninety-sixth Regiment, and Thomas Litzenburg, at same date, was commissioned second lieutenant. For ill health, Captain Dwyer resigned January 26, 1863, and Lieutenant Litzenburg March 22, 1863. The first lieutenant, John B. Williams, who became captain, and First Sergeant John M. Godman, who also became captain, were both from Marion, Ohio. Sergeant David Bachelder was promoted to second and first lieutenant and captain, but not mustered as captain until after the war. He had, for a long period, performed the duties of captain and was entitled to that rank. He was mustered out November 18, 1864, by reason of the consolidation of the regiment into a battalion. The casualties in Company D, were : Killed or died of wounds at Arkansas Post (killed) : James M. Marvin, and (wounded), First Sergeant Robert F. Bartlett, George Brown, Nathan Clark 162 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY and Daniel May (lost right arm) ; at Vicksburg (killed) : John N. Geyer and Clark Miner and (wounded) William W. Reed, who was discharged for wounds September 5, 1863; at Grand Coteau, November 3, 1863 (killed) : George Blanchard, John C. Campbell, Henry W. Franks, Henry Feerer and David W. Reid and (wounded) First Sergeant Robert F. Bartlett (lost left arm), Amos G. Barger and. Cyrus R. Myles ; and killed at Sabine Cross Roads, Charles H. Kendall. Died of disease: Madison Walker Wagoner, George Blow, Charles Boynton, Ryla W. Busby, Hiram 0. Cooper, Alexander Dakan, Abner J. Dennis, William F. Dennis, Joseph Devolt, David Ferguson,. Benjamin Kennedy, Nicholas Kile, Benjamin W. McDonald, Thomas Maiden, Malachi Mann, Isaac N. Miracle, James Moore, Alexander Reed, Alexander D. Reed, Joseph A. Reed, Madison Shields, John Shoffner, Daniel L. Smith and John M. Young. Deaths from disease, while General Grant's army was encamped near Vicksburg, at Young's Point and Milliken's Bend, in the Ninety-sixth Regiment, (as in all others), were very numerous. One hundred and seventeen soldiers of this regiment are buried in the Vicksburg National Military Park Cemetery. The total number is nearly 17,000, and of this number 12,704 graves are unidentified. The casualties of the entire regiment were Killed and died of wounds, 49 ; wounded,. 54, and died of disease, 217. Total 320. The men of Company C who had served nearly three years, besides those above noted, were : Harrison Doty, Amos Fell, Dewitt C. Sanford, Chester Thompson, Gilbert Cronk, John G. H. Metzner, Jacob R. Lyon, Reuben Aldrich, Robert T. Barge, Peter Battey, Spencer Booher, John F. Burdine, Francis M. Curren, Francis M. Harris, Andrew Hart, Jesse H. Hudson, Silas E. Idleman, Samuel D. Kemerer, George B. Lee, Chauncey Lewis, Daniel McClary, David C. Marvin, John B. May, Henry W. Sanderson, Alpheus Scofield, Mathew D. Smith, William Weaver, Henry C. Wells, Peter D. Wilson and George W. Wolf. And of Company D ; Barkley F. Irwin, Abraham B. McGowen, David R. Bender, William H. Messenger, John W. Coe, Jacob B. Fisher, Isaac Ealy, Samuel R. Dille, Cornelius Nicholas, Amos G. Barger, Lemuel H. Breese, William H. Briggs, David Butler, David Colmery, Albert Davis, Isaac M. Dewitt, Isaac Hall, Jacob H. Henney, George H. Jones, Royal D. McDonald, Simon A. Numbers, Isaiah Pinyerd, William W. Russell, Henry J. Smith, Melville B. Talmage and William Vanatta. The Ninety-sixth Battalion was HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 163 finally discharged July 29, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio, having been mustered out July 7, 1865, at Mobile, Alabama. A WAR REMINISCENCE. By Robert F. Bartlett. "It was up the Teche with General Banks, in the fall of the year 1863; that valley in Louisiana that George W. Cable has made memorable in his writings, for its beauty and fertility and as the land of the Acadian exiles from Nova Scotia in 1755. "The Thirteenth Army Corps had, a few weeks before, been detached from the Army of the Tennessee, at Vicksburg, and sent to the Army of the Gulf. "The campaign and siege of Vicksburg had recently closed, during which occurred strategy most bewildering to the enemy, terrific attacks by the Union army, and stubborn resistance by the Confederates ; and in all this memorable campaign, the Thirteenth Army Corps had borne a prominent part. "On arrival at New Orleans, in the last days of August, the corps was camped on the common above the city, on which the Cotton Exposition Buildings in 1885 were located, and the Thirteenth and Nineteenth Army Corps were reviewed by Generals Grant and Banks, and General L. Thomas, adjutant general, U. S. A. "Later the two corps entered on what is known in the history of the Civil war, as the Teche expedition. On October 3rd the Ninty-sixth Ohio Infantry, under orders, turned over their camp tents and received dog, or shelter tents, which, the boys called "purp" tents, broke camp and embarked on' a steamer and was transported to a landing at Algiers, the eastern terminus of a railroad running eighty-three miles west of Brashear. It is now a part of the Great Southern Pacific system, from New Orleans to San Francisco. "On disembarking from the steamboat, it was found that a train of flat gravel cars on which was loaded a train of army wagons, cleated on, was the transportation provided to carry the regiment to Brashear. We awaited' orders. The shades of evening were approaching, and in the dusk of the evening the regiment was ordered to board these gravel cars under the army wagons, and the soldiers with hilarious shouts climbed on the cars and put down their blankets as best they could. The lieutenant command- 164 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY ing Company D and the writer hereof, and another comrade long since mustered out, fixed our blankets under the fore axle of an army wagon, where only a small space was permitted above us, and so rode until late in the night to Brashear, now Morgan, and got off and laid down on the wharf, and slept until morning light. "The patriotism of a true soldier forbade him to murmur at hardships, and his loyalty and faithfulness required unquestioned obedience to orders. The soldiers laughed at apparent impossibilities, and always attempted to carry out their orders. "By easy marches we advanced through Pattersonville, Franklin, New Iberia and Vermillionville, now Lafayette, to Opelousas, and on our marches saw orange orchards, and fields of sugar cane, which were quite new and interesting to us, and also fields of yams and cotton. " The soldiers of Ohio were, by law, permitted to vote in the field, and we camped at Vermillionville long enough to vote for the governor of Ohio, John Brough was the Union candidate, and Clement L. Vallandigham, who had been arrested for treasonable utterances and sent through the Confederate lines, was the candidate opposed. The vote of the regiment wad two hundred and twenty-one for Brough, and five for Vallandigham. "From here on to Opelousas frequent skirmishes occurred between the cavalry, when the enemy was met in such force, that we fell back from Opelousas ten miles and the army encamped on Carencro bayou, with a strong rear guard, consisting of the brigade of General S. G. Burbridge and a detachment of the Fourteenth New York Cavalry the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Mounted Infantry, the First Louisiana Cavalry, one section of the Second Massachusetts Light Artillery, and the Seventeenth Ohio Battery Light Artillery, in all sixteen hundred and twenty-five men, camped on the prairie at the edge of a wood, on Bayou Bourbeau, and three miles to the rear of the main army. It was a weird place for a camp, as the trees in the woods were festooned with southern moss. "For three days the enemy's cavalry hovered about our rear, and skirmished with our cavalry videts, and on November 3rd a force of the enemy admitted to be four to one, to our rear guard, attacked us. "I pass over the events of the battle, only to say that the enemy's cavalry swept around our left flank, and captured several hundred men, many being wounded, and to mention the gallant conduct of Colonel Thomas H. Bringhurst of the Forty-sixth Indi- HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 165 ana Infantry, and Colonel John Connell of the Twenty-eighth Iowa Infantry, who at their regimental camps, three miles away, on hearing the roar of battle, formed their regiments, without awaiting orders, and came on the double quick across the prairie, and checked the cavalry of the enemy that had flanked us on our left. Later the main army came up in battle line, and the enemy, not desiring to bring on a general engagement, withdrew. "At evening, forty-seven of us, severely wounded, found ourselves within the lines of the enemy and prisoners of war, at the plantation of Mrs. Rodgers whose place was appointed for a temporary hospital; and for the humane acts, and for the kindly solicitude of this noble southern woman, and to commemorate the same, this reminiscence is written. Mrs. Rodgers said to the writer that she could not see anyone, either Confederate or Federal, suffer and not do all in her power to relieve them. Nearly one hundred wounded men, from both sides, were at her house, and her rooms and verandas were filled with the most severely wounded, lying on cots and bed mattresses and sofas, which she had placed for them. On that night, of November 3rd, I lay on the veranda on a hair-cloth sofa without sleep, with an ounce bullet in my left elbow ; at my head a Confederate soldier, mortally wounded, lay on a bed mattress, and silently died during the night ; at my feet lay my own comrade, David W. Reid, mortally wounded on a bed mattress, and he also died early the next morning, and both were buried in the same grave on the front lawn, under the China trees. Under instruction from Mrs. Rodgers, the servants prepared yams and meat and bread and milk for the wounded, and she ministered to the soldiers herself, and all were treated alike, and all was done that could be done by her. "Many of the 'Cajun' neighbors, came with carriages, and carryalls and inquired for the Union wounded, to care for them. "During the day, November 4th, General J. P. Major, who commanded a brigade of Confederate cavalry, came to the house, and talked with the soldiers of both sides and was courteous to all. "About four o'clock that afternoon the medical director of our brigade and staff, with ambulances, came to Mrs. Rodgers plantation and met the officers of the enemy appointed for the purpose, and the surviving wounded were exchanged, and soon after nightfall arrived at the camp of the Union army on Carencro bayou, happy to be again in our own lines. "In all the years since, my mind has reverted, with feelings of gratitude to this dear old lady for her kindly sympathy and deeds. Vol. I—11 166 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY "Much has been forgiven and passed into oblivion between the soldiers of the north and south, and both sides respect and admire the courage of the other, and not to do so is to question our own courage." ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND OHIO INFANTRY. Ten men from the northern part of our county served in the One Hundred and Second Regiment, among whom were : Cyrus Shumway, Robert Barr and Henry Riggle, of Company C ; Thomas B. Keech and David K. Mitchell, of Company D, and Peter W. Shambaugh and Isaac Baker, of. Company E. Captain Amos J. Moore (as private of Company D, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry) and Benton L. Thompson, served three years each in Company H, One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment. In the One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, John E. Cromer, Alfred J. Creigh and Milton Parks, served in Company I, and Leyman Webster in Company K. The latter died in the service. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, O. V. I. The larger part of Companies D and E, of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment, and a few men in Companies F and G, were from Morrow county and reported at their rendezvous, Camp Delaware, Ohio, the afternoon of September 1, 1862, which camp the Ninety-sixth Ohio Infantry had vacated early that morning. William Smith Irwin, of Mt. Gilead, was commissioned lieutenant colonel; August 18, 1862, and he resigned from ill health March 17, 1863. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States on September 11, 1862. In Company D there were no commissioned officers from Morrow county ; all were from Delaware county. Benjamin A. Banker, of Morrow, was appointed first sergeant and promoted to second lieutenant, Company F, March 1, 1863 ; to first lieutenant, Company C March 31, 1864 ; to captain Company A August 29, 1864, and mustered out with Company A, June 8, 1865. Sergeant Isaac D. Irwin, Company D, was promoted to commissary sergeant May 11, 1865, and mustered out with regiment June 8, 1865. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 167 The commissioned officers in Company E, from Morrow county, were : David Lloyd, captain, who died of wounds August 7, 1864, received at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864; Elisha B. Cook, second lieutenant, resigned September 7, 1863, for disability; Perry Swetland, private Company D, promoted to principal musician and mustered out with regiment ; Milton D. Wells, promoted from private Company H, to quartermaster sergeant, November 6, 1862, and to first lieutenant Company D, April 12, 1864, and appointed quartermaster, and mustered out with regiment June 8, 1865. On October 8, 1862, less than one month from muster, the regiment took part at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, had large losses in killed and wounded, and besides losses at Perryville, Kentucky, the greatest losses of the regiment were at Chickamauga, Georgia, September 20, 1863, Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 6-30, 1864, and Bentonville, North Carolina March 19-21, 1865. The most terrific contest in which the regiment was engaged was at the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, as a part of I. Steadman's division of General George H. Thomas' corps, in which the repeated assaults of the Rebels, in overwhelming numbers, were repulsed. At this time the battle flag of the Twenty-second Alabama Infantry, and most of the men of that regiment, were captured by the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio, but with great losses to that command ; for five officers and seventeen men were killed, and seven officers and seventy men wounded. Governor David Tod, of Ohio, acknowledged the receipt of the flag of the Twenty-second Alabama, as a trophy of the valor of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio, and returned his own with the thanks of the loyal people of Ohio. On the Atlanta campaign, which commenced early in May, 1864, the One Hundred and Twenty-first entered with 18 officers and 429 men, and at the close of the campaign in September, 1864, the reports show that four officers and 22 men had been killed, and 8 officers and 205 men wounded and one captured. The men from Morrow county who were killed or died of wounds were : Killed, George Shafer, first sergeant ; corporal William Baxter, and Jarvis H. Aldrich, Joshua Barry, Chester Bartholomew, Washington Liggett, Sanford Olds, William M. Slack and Hugh Worline (last named in Rebel prison), Willis S. Gibbons, Peter Harris and Clark Pierce ; and (wounded), Ezekiel B. Slack, Captain David Lloyd (at Chickamauga and also at Kenesaw Mountain), Byron Colwell, Charles Owens, Edward P. Reid, John Ruggles and Martin G. Modie, of Company G (lost both thumbs by a single gunshot). 168 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Died of disease in the service : Sergeant Henry C. Bishop and Gideon Worline ; Privates George W. Barnes, David Cooley, Benjamin Denton, Almon L. Ruggles, Theodore P. Wood, Edward L. Bliss, David Lyon, Raymond Sheldon, David P. Watkins and Thomas West. The men of Company D who served nearly three years were : Isaac D. Irwin, promoted to commissary sergeant ; Perry Swetland, promoted to principal musician ; Danford Hare, Alfred R. Livingston, Caleb N. Morehouse, Ezekiel B. Slack, Lester W. Case, Benjamin F. McMaster, Milton Hicks, Charles Holt, Joseph Lewis, Lewis K. Riley, Albert L. Slack, Matthew D. Sterritt, Andrew J. Utter and Harman J. Wheeler. Those of Company E were : Captain James A. Moore, Daniel S. Mather, David R. Evans, Clark Pierce, Columbus D. Pierce, George W. Williams, William T. Carson, David C. Breese, Christian Sellers, John Bain, David P. Bliss, Christian Edgell, Samuel A. Fiddler, William B. Fowler, Edward M. Hall, William H. Howard, Jeremiah Jones, Edward P. Reid, William B. Wagoner, Ephraim H. Watkins, Emory A. Wilson and Lucius V. Wood. Those of Company G, were : David Dwyer, Paul C. Wheeler and Martin G. Modie. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, O. V. I. Seven men served in Company K, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment, under an enlistment for three years, to-wit : Thomas C. Cunard, Lucius C. King, Morgan Wiseman, Orlando R. Clark, Thomas Roby, James W. Underhill and John 0. Underhill. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, O. V. I. The one-hundred day men who went out May 2, 1864, performed a very patriotic duty, and relieved that many drilled and trained soldiers, who went to the front in General Grant's "On to Richmond," campaign. About 450 of these men were in Companies A, C, F, G and I, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment, and 32 in the One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment. Their services were mainly in the forts in the vicinity of Washington City, D. C. The One Hundred and Thirty-sixth was mustered out August 31, 1864. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 169 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, O. V. I. The One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Regiment was the second of the one-year regiments to organize, in July, August and September, 1864, and fully one-half of the field and staff, and officers of the line, and the men in the ranks, were trained soldiers who had seen service at the front from one to three years. Colonel John S. Jones (from Delaware county) had served from April 21, 1861, to June 21, 1864, as an officer in the Fourth Regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Amos J. Sterling (from Union county) had served as Captain, Company F, Thirty-first Regiment for over two years and had been discharged for wounds. Of the field and staff officers, William G. Beatty, major ; Benjamin J. George, chaplain (promoted from private, Company I) Balera J. Aurand, commissary sergeant (promoted from private, Company H), and Davis McCreary, principal musician (promoted from musician, Company A), were from Morrow county. Nearly all of Companies A and K were from Morrow county, with a few in each company from Marion county. Company A was recruited in the vicinity of Cardington and William G. Beatty was captain and was promoted to major; Henry Rigby, first lieutenant, and promoted to captain ; John B. White, private and promoted to second and first lieutenant, and discharged May 18, 1865, for wounds; and William F. Wallace, promoted from private to first sergeant and second lieutenant. The officers of Company K, were : Henry McPeek, captain ; B. B. McGowen, first lieutenant ; Thomas J. Weatherby, second lieutenant, and William W. McCracken, first sergeant. The latter had served in Company A, Twentieth Regiment, was discharged for wounds received at the battle of Champion. Hill, Mississippi. Because so many of the regiment had seen service, it was rushed to the front and on December 4, 1864, took part in the battle of Overall's Creek, Tennessee, and on December 7th, in the battle of the Cedars, Tennessee, in which many of the regiment were killed and wounded. On January 17, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Washington, District of Columbia, and thence to Fort Fisher, North Carolina, and on March 10, 1865, took part in the battle of Wise's Fork, North Carolina, with numerous fatal casualties. It is believed that the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth did the most fighting of any among the one-year regiments, and its casualties were 22 killed, wounded 39, and died from disease, 95. The regiment belonged to Ruger's division, Twenty-third Army 170 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Corps. Those who died of wounds in Company A, were : William A. Henry and Franklin T. Smith; wounded : Elwood Bunker, and died of disease : Marvin Burt, Samuel L. Milligan, Lafayette Aldrich, Henry Fairchild, Albert Matthews, Cyrus Mowry, Melville W. Nichols, Wesley H. Peck, Isaac Perkins, Joseph Reed, Gardner Sage and John P. Demuth. In Company K, the died-of-wounds was Julius M. Woodford; wounded, Gilbert J. Conklin and Adin W. Salisbury ; died of disease, Joel Fiant, William M. Parker, Alexander M. Parks, Clarkson C. Parks and Israel Shaffer. The regiment was mustered out June 28, 1865, at Charlotte, North Carolina. 179TH AND 180TH REGIMENTS, O. V. I. Forty men from Morrow county served in the One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment ; fifteen in Company A, and twenty-five in Company F. In the latter company two officers had seen service ; First Lieutenant John W. Hammer, in Company D, Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and First Sergeant Benjamin Tuthill, in Company B, Forty-third Regiment. The enlistments were chiefly in September, 1864, and for one year. The regiment was on duty at and in the vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee. There were no casualties save from disease or accident, which numbered 88. Eighteen men servcd in the One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio Infantry, on enlistments for one year : one in Company A ; eight in Company C, of whom Second Lieutenant Oscar L. R. French, who had served in Company E, Twenty-sixth, and I, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth was one ; two men in Company H, and seven men of Company I. Henry H. Shaw, private of Company I, was promoted to assistant surgeon, One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment. The One Hundred and Eightieth was engaged with the enemy at Wise's Fork, near Kingston, North Carolina, March 8, 1865, and the losses were two killed and three died of wounds. Seventy-five died of disease. Total casualties, eighty. 187TH AND 188TH REGIMENTS, O. V. I. Forty men of Company G, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Infantry, enlisted for one year, in February, 1865, many of whom had served for three years in old regiments, whose terms of enlistment had expired. John Comly Baxter' was commissioned HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 171 captain. He had served in Company G. One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment. Warner Hayden was commissioned first lieutenant, and he had served in Company E, One Hundred and Twenty-first, Company G, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth and Bela G. Merrill, second lieutenant, had served in Company I, Third Regiment. All were commissioned March 2, 1865 ; on the following day the regiment was taken by rail to Nashville, Tennessee, and ordered to report at Dalton, Georgia, and did provost duty there and at Kingston and Macon, Georgia, until January 20, 1866, when it was mustered out at the place last named. One man, James R. Craven, died March 12, 1865. Four men from Morrow county served in Company F; One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry. George Hibbard, Thomas Ayres, John C. Cooley (killed on cars August 27, 1865), and George McClary, the last of whom had served in Company G, Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Company G, of the Tenth Regiment, for three years and two months, continued to serve from February 1, 1865, until September 21, 1865. ARTILLERY AND CAVALRY. Ten men of Company I, Second Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Heavy Artillery, enlisted from Morrow county in the summer of 1863 for three years. Charles H. Dalrymple was appointed quartermaster sergeant of Company I, and promoted to regimental quartermaster sergeant, January 19, 1865, and to second lieutenant Company M, February 23, 1865, and mustcred out with company August 23, 1865. Ten men of Battery E, First Regiment, Ohio Light Artillery, enlisted ; most of them in August, 1861. They were : Francis M. Jeffrey, corporal ; John McNeal, wounded December 31, 1862, at Stone River; John F. McNeal (later a prominent lawyer at Marion, Ohio) ; William Wallace McNeal, killed December 31, 1862, at battle of Stone River, Tennessee ; Henry McPeak, George W. Miller, Jacob Miller, Reason R. Morrison, Albert J. Myers and Godfrey F. Pfeiffer. The majority of these men served three years. Seven men from Morrow county served from September, 1861, in the First Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry : Hays Clark, aged forty-two, in Company C, and discharged November 29, 1862 ; in Company K, Abram F. McCurdy, second lieutenant ; resigned June 3,6, 1862, and also major of Tenth Regiment; John M. Schultz (who had served in Company D, Third Ohio Infantry in war with 172 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Mexico), wounded June 15, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia (veteran) ; Men, J. Aurand, William E. Campbell, William Cyphers and Samuel Darrah. Of John M. Schultz, his captain has said that he was a "dare devil" and would recklessly ride after the enemy. The regiment was mustered out September 13, 1865, at Hilton Head, South Carolina. In Companies D, E, F, L and M, Third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, ninety-seven men from Morrow county served, from the fall of 1861, as follows : William Meredith and Harvey Kerns, Company D ; James C. Serrells (or Searles) and Cyrus Hoy, Company E ; Elijah Boxley, Company F ; and Chauncey Olds, Company L (died of. wound, November 9, 1862). The balance, ninety-one men, were in Company M. John W. Marvin was commissioned captain ; Henry C. Miner, who had served as sccond lieutenant in Company C, Fifteenth Infantry, for three months from April 23, 1861, was commissioned first lieutenant September 18, 1861; promoted to captain January 21, 1863, and mustered out November 22, 1864. James W. Likens was appointcd second lieutenant *September 8, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant January 21, 1863, and resigned May 16, 1864. William S. Furbay was appointed first sergeant November 8, 1861; promoted to second lieutenant January 2, 1863, but not mustered; discharged for disability January 23, 1863. Thomas A. O'Rourke, was appointed company quartermaster sergeant Novcmber 8, 1861, and first sergeant August 11, 1864; promoted to second lieutenant Company L, July 13, 1864, and first lieutenant Company D, January 6, 1865, and mustered out with company August 4, 1865 ; veteran. John H. Fisher was appointed sergeant November 8, 1861 ; wounded in left forearm June 15, 1864, and mustered out October 13, 1864, for wounds and expiration of service. Henry D. Smith was appointed sergeant November 8, 1861; discharged for disability August 12, 1862. Melville R. Benson was appointed corporal November 8, 1861; killed December 31, 1862, at battle of Stone River. Horace B. White, private, aged fifty, was promoted to battalion hospital steward, December 1, 1861. Napoleon B. Benedict, private, died September 3, 1864, of wounds received in action. James S. Dodge was a recruit to Company M, enlisting July 14, 1862, at the age of sixteen years ; was appointed corporal and HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 173 sergeant; mustered out with company August 4, 1865, and became a prominent lawyer and judge at Elkhart, Indiana. On an expedition to Knoxville, Tennessee, Company M charged a company of Georgia cavalry and Private Jacob Kreis selected his man. As they came in collision and their sabers clashed, Jake's saber flew out of his grasp, but with great presence of mind he spurred his horse close to his enemy; seized him by his long hair, dragged him off his horse, and captured him. As Jake said, "When I goes for you, I takes you." He had herculean strength, and the rebel was not his equal. The regiment was mustered out August 4, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee. The men from Morrow county who served three years were : Sergeants, Marion Eldred and John A. Brown ; Corporals, J. K. P. Harris, and Privates Charles A. Anderson, Samuel Everett, Alexander W. Everett, William Hennie, Naaman Hodge, Silas Jacobs, John T. Jamison, Jacob Kreis, John Lackey, George W. Preston, Joseph Rogers, Adelbert B. White, William A. White and Frederick Yahn. Those who served more than three years as veterans, were : First Sergeant John S. Chapin, Sergeant Louis R. Miller, Corporal Frederick Reidel, Bugler Hiram Martin, Farrier Joseph Adams, and Privates Valentine Childers and Daniel E. Kennedy. Omar D. Neill enlisted for one year in Company I, Fourth Cavalry, and was discharged with company. Rolvin J. Brennen and Asa Messenger served in Company C, Fifth Cavalry, and both were mustered out with company October 30, 1865. Benjamin F. Davis was assistant surgeon in the Fourty-fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Eighth Cavalry. Alden P. Moore was sergeant in Company D, Forty-fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and in Company I, Eighth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Eleven men served in Company K, Ninth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, who enlisted in October and November, 1863, for three years. They were : Alben Coe, first lieutenant, and promoted to captain Company E ; William Logan, Oscar P. Bowker, Levi Emahizer, Alfred McDonald, Charles S. Miller, Alexander Poland, Sidney A. Sayre, Henry Soladay, Levi Townsend (who were all mustered out July 20, 1865), and George Rodney (who died March 29, 1864). Abram F. McCurdy was commissioned October 6, 1862, second 174 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY lieutenant, Company B. Tenth Cavalry, and promoted to captain and major, William J. Dick, Peter Brewer (killed at Resaca, Georgia), Oswald M. Bruce, Thomas C. Crane, William Nichols, Edward P. Rose, John Rose and Francis M. Sloan, served in Company B. William M. Hayden enlisted in Company B, as private, was promoted to commissary sergeant and second lieutenant Company ; mustered out July 24, 1865. Simon Poland, Company L ; mustered out June 10, 1865. Denton J. Snider, enlisted as private in Company H ; was appointed sergeant and promoted to second lieutenant, Company F, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. James Taylor Corwin served, in Company G, Twelfth Cavalry, and Francis Newson and Jacob Watson in Company H. Wilbert Granger (wounded at Dinwidie Courthouse, Virginia) ; Albert Claypool, Jesse Henry and Alonzo J. Rose served in Fifth Independent Battalion and Company B, Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, on three years' enlistment. On six-months' enlistment, in the summer of 1863, Sergeant Alva C. Shaw, Hubbard M. Betts, Madison Foust, William P. Ferguson, Zenas L. Mills and James William Sexton, served in Company B, Fifth Independent Ohio Volunteer Cavalry; the last 'man also in Company D, Sixty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On September 3, 1864, William F. Armstrong and George Karns, enlisted, each for one year in Company M, Merrill's Horse; mustered out January 10, 1865. OHIO BOYS IN OTHER COMMANDS. The military history of Morrow county would not be complete if it failed to give the services in the army of many of its native sons, who grew up to young manhood within its borders, and went to other states, as Union soldiers, and therefore as many as can be learned about, are here mentioned : John Purvis, One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment Illinois Infantry, three years. Joseph Grove, Company F, Eighth Regiment Illinois Infantry, five years. Richard M. Hoy, Company G, One Hundred and Second Illinois Infantry. Lyman Beecher Straw, Company B, One Hundred and Second HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 175 Illinois Infantry; killed at Peachtree Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864. Mitchell Blair, Thirteenth Regiment Illinois Infantry. Butler Dunham, Eighty-eighth Regiment Illinois Infantry ; killed at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. Henry B. Crane, Company H, Fifty-ninth Regiment Illinois Infantry. Cyrus G. Benedict, Company I, One Hundred and Fifty-third Regiment Illinois Infantry. Levi Benedict, Company A, Second Regiment Colorado Infantry. Henry C. Shunk, Eighth Regiment Indiana Infantry. Liston A. Coomer, Company A, Thirtieth Regiment Indiana Infantry ; wounded June 27, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain ; served four years. Byron Talmage Cooper, Company H, Twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry. James C. McKee, Company C, Thirty-seventh Indiana Infantry three years ; and Company A, Thirty-eighth Indiana, eighteen months. Benjamin F. Pinyerd, Thirtieth Indiana ; three years. Nathan N. Mosher, Company G, Third Iowa Infantry. Ephraim Cooper, Seventeenth Iowa Infantry ; killed at Jackson, Mississippi, May 14, 1863. Charles McDonald, Twenty-second Iowa Infantry ; drowned in Mississippi river. Morris Barge, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry ; died near Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May, 1863. C. V. Gardner, captain of company in Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry. James M. Gardner, captain of company of same regiment. Ralph Emerson Cook, private Company E, Twelfth Kansas Infantry; captain First Kansas Colored Infantry ; killed October 6, 1863, by Quantrell's guerillas. John R. Cook, Company E, Twelfth Kansas Infantry. William Swart, Company A, First Kansas Infantry. Richard W. Duncan, Sixth Michigan Infantry ; killed at Port Hudson, Mississippi, in 1863. 176 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY George Nelson, Company 0, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry. Ephraim Zolman, First Michigan Light Artillery. Sidney A. Breese, captain in Sixth Missouri Cavalry. William Thomas, Eighth Missouri Infantry. Samuel Garver, Company F, Fourth Missouri Cavalry. Daniel Beers, Eighth Company, First Battalion, New York Sharpshooters. Sylvester Willison, in regiment New York Infantry. Lost an arm at Antietam, Maryland, September 11, 1862. Silas H. Bush, Company I, Eighth Pennsylvania Infantry; veteran. COLORED SOLDIERS, MORROW COUNTY. Company I, Fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops: Curtis Revels, William Salters. Daniel Johnson (died in service), and Lewis St. John (died in service). Company C, Sixth United States Regiment : John Scott and Jefferson Kemp (died in service). Twenty-sixth United States Regiment : Henry Johnson (died in service). Fifty-fifth Massachusetts: John Cosby, David M. V. Kinney, George Lewis and Elijah Revels. More than 360,000 Federal soldiers gave their lives to save the Union of states ; their blood has consecrated to freedom every slave state, and it is believed that the foregoing history shows conclusively that the soldiers from Morrow county, Ohio, fully did their part. UNITED STATES NAVY. Douglas Roben, lieutenant. Edwin T. Pollock, lieutenant commander (see sketch). Smith De Muth, United States Marine Corps, October, 1873. Albert F. Rushmund ; battleship "Maine," August 7, 1901-August 6, 1905. Clarence W. Ewers, April 2, 1907; battleship "Rhode Island ;" cruise around the world. Gilbert H. Kelly ; enlisted May 21, 1904 ; rating landsman ; served on United States steamer "Hancock," until April, 1905, HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 177 and United States steamer "Maryland," on cruise around world; discharged May 24, 1908 ; rating yeoman, first class. Hubert H. Randolph, United States steamer "Yorktown," July 13, 1908-June 11, 1909. UNITED STATES ARMY. James J. Van Horn ; entered West Point Military Academy 1856; colonel Eighth Regiment, United States Infantry; died August 30, 1898, from injuries at Siboney, Cuba. Charles H. Howard, Company F, Fourteenth United States Infantry ; three years in Civil_ war. Luke C. Lyman, Company A, Second Battalion, Eighteenth United States Infantry. Samuel R. Eccles, Company A, Second Battalion, Eighteenth United States Infantry. Jas. S. M. Patton, Eighteenth United States Infantry, six years. John C. Poland, musician Company K, regimental band, Ninetecnth United States Infantry; ten years. Albert Germain, musician, band, Nineteenth United States Infantry. Edgar Irwin, musician, band, Nineteenth United States Infantry. Marcus A. Boner, Fourth United States Cavalry, and Company E, Twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. James W. Longsdorff, Fourth United States Cavalry and Company E, Twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Riley Taylor, Company A, Fifth United States Cavalry, Civil war. Vern T. Rinehart, Troop I, Thirteenth United States Cavalry, 1907. James P. Stickle, Seventeenth United States Infantry, since 1898. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. Arthur A. Ashbrook, Company A, Seventeenth United States Infantry; died July 13, 1898, near Siboney, Cuba. John F. Adams, regular army ; died in Philippine Islands. Dolph Burns, November 4, 1901; Troop A, Sixth United States Cavalry, 1911; still in army. John L. Boner, January 26, 1898 ; Troop I, Seventh United States Cavalry; discharged for wound. John Burr, Hospital Corps, Philippine Islands. 178 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Villa Furstenberger, Hospital Corps, Philippine Islands. Lewis Houle, Company L, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; died in 1899. Hollis Hull, Company G, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; deceased. Ray Livingston, lieutenant. William Long, Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Thirty-third United States Infantry. Arthur C. Mellinger, Battery G, Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery. Brice Osborn, Company K, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. David G. Orsborn, Company B, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Ralph Waite, Company L, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Thomas H. R. Smith, Company, B, Fifteenth United States Infantry. Walter M. Wright, Company A, Nineteenth United States Infantry. Carey B. White, Company B, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry: MEXICAN AND CIVIL WAR VETERANS. At present writing (June, 1911), Major Harvey Johnson, of Marengo, is the only living veteran of both the Mexican and Civil wars residing in Morrow county. As he was born in Richland county, January 5, 1824, he is in his eighty-seventh year; but, as one of his army of friends remarks, "While the Major is an old-timer, he is not a back number," as you will find if you get a chance to get into conversation with him. The following sketch briefly tells the story of his life. At an early age Harvey Johnson 's parents located where Sparta now is, which at that time was a wilderness, his grandfather clearing a space upon which to build his cabin, where the hardware store of E. G. Coe now stands. Among his playmates at that time were the boys of the Potter family who kept what at that time was called a tavern. His boyhood days were spent in Knox, Logan and Franklin counties where he was living at the outbreak of the Mexican war, and enlisted in Company F, Second Ohio Infantry, with headquarters at Columbus. General Morgan, of Mt. Vernon, was colonel of his regiment. His company was transferred to headquarters of his regiment at Cincinnati by way of the canal to Portsmouth, thence down the Ohio to Cincinnati. While on duty in this service he took part in the battles of Buena Vista and Monterey. After fifteen months service the war closed, and he was discharged at New Orleans. After his discharge he worked at HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 179 his trade, that of a carpenter, in Louisville, Kentucky, for a time, and finally settled in Cannelton, Indiana, where he married and was living at the outbreak of the Civil war. Here he raised a company of which he was commissioned captain, August 9, 1861. His company was attached to the Twenty-sixth Indiana Regiment, Herron's Division, Army of the Frontier, commanded by General Fremont. While in this army his regiment took part in the battles of Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, Arkansas. His regiment was later attached to the Thirteenth Corps Army of the Gulf, and participated in the battle of Yazoo City and the siege of Vicksburg. He was promoted to major, March 13, 1863. At the time of his enlistment in 1861 he was accompanied to the front by his son, Samuel, a lad of fifteen years, who, because of his youth, could not enlist to carry a gun, but went as drummer boy. After serving about a year in this capacity he entered the service, and serving out his term of enlistment was discharged, but enlisted again in Hancock 's Veteran Reserve Corps and earned his second discharge. The son died many years ago. Major Johnson resigned his commission at New Orleans on account of disability. For years J. J. Runyan, of Mt. Gilead shared, with Major Johnson, the honor of being the only living soldier in Morrow county who had served in both the Mexican and the Civil wars. His death occurred at Mt. Gilead, November 12, 1907, that town having been his residence since 1864. Mr. Runyan was born in Wayne township, Knox county, one mile north of Fredericktown, Ohio, on the sixth day of April, 1824, residing there until he was seventeen years of age. He came to Morrow county and settled near Sparta. From there he returned to Fredericktown and learned the carpenter trade with Amos and Stephen Woodruff. At the expiration of three years he had learned and mastered his profession, and his first work of overseeing and building a house was near Mt. .Vernon. This same house is still in existence and is occupied to this day. Always cherishing a great patriotic love for his country he had a desire to join some military company and consequently united with a company called the Fredericktown Cadets, for a term of five years. August 3, 1847, he enlisted in Company G., Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry to take up arms for this country against Mexico. The following being the officers of that company : Captain, James E. Harle ; First Lieutenant, Robert B. Mitchell ; Second Lieutenant, Stiles Thrift ; Third Lieutenant, Jabez J. Antrim ; First Sergeant, Andrew S. Gressner; Second Sergeant, Hiram Miller. This company reported at Camp Wool, Cincinnati, at which place Mr. Irwin was elected colonel and was mustered into service about September 1, 1847, and on September 10th embarked on three steamboats for New Orleans. After an uneventful journey 180 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY down the Ohio and Missisippi rivers of some two weeks, the company arrived at New Orleans. Two weeks later company G boarded a government boat at New Orleans, and about the fourth of October landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico, camping about two miles west of the city. With three other regiments, a company of cavalry, and six pieces of artillery, this company was sent to guard 1,000 wagons and 2,000 pack mules loaded with ammunition, provisions and clothing for Mexico City. The regiment continued its march to Pueblo, which place was reached about November 1st. They were then ordered to Rio Frio. At this place several of the members were killed in skirmishes with guerrillas. They were kept here until the close of the war. Some seventy-five men of this regiment were killed or died from diseases contracted while in the service. The regiment was returned to Cincinnati, and on July 26, 1348, were mustered out of service. Being relieved from duty Mr. Runyan remained in Cincinnati a short time, and then returned to his home in Morrow county. This in brief, was his experience in the Mexican war. Again responding 'to. a call from his country, Mr. Runyan enlisted at Chesterville in August, 1861, with Company A, Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for three years, and on September 3rd went to Fredericktown and from there to Camp Chase, where he was again mustered into service. The regiment participated honorably at the following battles : Fort Donelson, February 14-16, 1862; Shiloh, April 7, 1862 ; Bolivar, August 30, 1862 ; Iuka, Mississippi, September 19.20, 1862 ; Hankison 's Ferry March 3, 1862 ; Raymond, May 12, 1863 ; Champion Hill, May 6, 1863 ; Vicksburg, May 19, 1863 ; Jackson, July 9-16, 1863 ; Baker's Creek, Meridian Raid, February 4, 1864 ; Kenesaw :Mountain, Georgia, June 27, 1864. Mr. Runyan 's regiment participated in several other battles but he was taken sick arid sent to "Big Shanty Hospital," Atlanta, Georgia, and later to Rome, Georgia. He served his time and was discharged October 8, 1864, at Columbus, Ohio. May 6, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss M. X. DeWitt, daughter of Joseph P. and Phoebe DeWitt, of Chesterville, early pioneers of Morrow county. He then, in 1864, removed to Mt. Gilead, where he resided until his death in 1907. CHAPTER IX. THE COURTS AND THE BAR. FIRST YEAR OF BENCH AND BAR—OTHER LEADING LAWYERS--THE DIVORCE BUSINESS- -- CHANGES IN COURT SYSTEMS—CIRCUIT BENCH— RESIDENT PRACTICING ATTORNEYS—MADE THEIR MARKS ABROAD— JUDGES, ATTORNEYS, SHERIFFS AND CLERKS. By Robert F. Bartlett. It should be proper that a history of the courts and bar of Morrow county should be Britten, now that sixty-three years have passed since the county was organized, and the members of the old bar have finished their work and passed to their reward. James Olds was one of the oldest and longest practitioners at the Morrow county bar, 'having located at Mt. Gilead in July, 1848, and died January 28, 1903, while yet in active practice ; and he was the last of the old bar. Those who took a leading part, and were longest in the practice in the county, were Charles W. Allison, Bertrand Andrews, Judson A. Beebe, Henry C. Brumback, Philander C. Beard, Thomas H. Dalrymple, Andrew K. Dunn, John J. Gurley, Joseph Gunsaulus, James Olds, James W. Stinchcomb, Thomas W. McCoy, W. Smith Irwin, Stephen Brown, Jabez Dickey, Fletcher Douthitt, James Marshman and Disney Rogers. Henry P. Davis practiced in 1848 and went to Mansfield, where he died at the age of eighty-five years. Also, several others, for a few years, took a prominent part in legal affairs. The earliest firms were Bushfield & Elmer, Dunn & Winters, Robbins & Kelly, Burns & Mitchell, Finch & Olds, Willetts & Stinchcomb, Sanford & Brumback, Oliver, Bartley, Kirkwood & Gurley, Hurd & Dalrymple ; and John Henry Sleymaker Trainor, George C. Elmer, C. G. Vananda, Samuel Kelly, Andrew R. Boggs, Edward F. Riley, T. J. Weatherby and D. Hindman, were names well known to the bar in former times. - 181 - Vol. I-12 182 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY FIRST YEAR OF BENCH AND BAR. Upon the organization of the county in February, 1848, there was a rush of lawyers to the county, and the profession became very much crowded. There were nineteen resident lawyers present at the first term of court. The man who had the largest number of cases in court during the first year was John M. Bushfield, who came from Guernsey county, Ohio. Bushfield was a talented man, and of the first one hundred cases brought, in 1848, he was attorney in fifty-nine of them, most of which he had commenced as attorney for plaintiff. His career was short ; he remained in Mt. Gilead about two years, and then returned to his native county, and the court records show that he was defendant in several suits after he left. There were many of those who came the first year who had no cases, and no visible means of support. There was a law in force at that time that any person who had not gained a year's residence in the township, and there was a probability that he might become a public charge, could be warned out of the township. During the first year of Morrow county's history a meeting of the citizens of Mt. Gilead was called to consider the propriety of warning some lawyers out of Gilead township. Thomas Cook, a chair maker, and other excitable citizens, were the leaders in this call and meeting. It was finally concluded that all might remain, on account of the eminent respectability of Mr. Bushfield, and his large practice, and the influence of a part of the others. A great amount of bombast and hilarity were indulged in at that time. One lawyer with a very long name( but I will leave the reader to guess who it was), when he came to Mt. Gilead inquired for the "war hotel." He said he wanted to stop at the "war hotel." A hotel stood on South Main street, kept by Lovell B. Harris, called the Palo Alto House, in recognition of the battle of Palo Alto in the Mexican war. This man made much sport for "the boys," and on one occasion offered to bet that Chris Linsay 's dog could not pull him through and across the creek. To the creek, at the south side of the town, the crowd repaired, and our lawyer was ranged at the end of a rope on one side, and the dog at the other end. Enough boys touched the rope on the dog's end to make the lawyer go through all right. This man did not stay many months, but I learn that he settled down at some other place and made a successful lawyer, and at last account was still living. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 183 OTHER LEADING LAWYERS. Further reviewing the history of the leading members of the bar, it is proper to state that Judge Andrew K. Dunn was one of the first lawyers to locate in Mt. Gilead, having come in April, 1848, and was present at the first term of court, held in May, 1848. He was a native of Knox county, Ohio, and he read law with Judge Rollin C. Hurd, of Mt. Vernon, Ohio. He died at Mt. Gilead in 1890, aged seventy-one years, after forty-one years of practice. James Olds was the son of Rev. Benjamin Olds, a pioneer of Westfield township, in this county, and studied law with Judge Sherman Finch, of Delaware, Ohio. He came to Mt. Gilead in July, 1848. His first case was No. 100 on the docket, and from that on he had a large practice and especially in cases stubbornly contested. Thomas H. Dalrymple was the son of Charles Dalrymple, a pioneer of Chester township and a soldier of the war of 1812. He was born and raised in Chester township. He also studied law with Judge Rollin C. Hurd, of Mt. Vernon. He located at Mt. Gilead in September, 1848. The Dalrymple family was one of eminent respectability. These three spent their lives in the practice of the law, and each one of them had a fairly lucrative business. They each aspired to judicial honors, but the politics of the second sub-division of the sixth judicial district was against them. Judge Dunn occupied the bench for a short term by appointment of Governor R. B. Hayes, the two having been schoolmates at Kenyon College in their boyhood days. Samuel Kelly was one of the first lawyers in 1848, and was the first prosecuting attorney for Morrow county. He served in that office from 1848 to 1851. About the close of his term of office he moved to Wapakoneta, Ohio, where he died a few years later. Judson A. Beebe came to this county about 1849, and in 1851 was elected prosecuting attorney to succeed Samuel Kelly, and was re-elected, holding the office for the next ten years. Judge Beebe also gained judicial eminence and was judge of the court of common pleas of this district for part of one term. He died at Mt. Gilead in 1874. Two of his sons, Henry and James H., also became lawyers, of whom I shall write hereafter. Bertrand Andrews came to this county in 1849, and for a few years settled in Williamsport. Many were the heroic contests that "Bert," as he was familiarly called, had before justices of the 184 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY peace with Harvey Baldwin, an attorney who was well known in northeastern Morrow, northwestern Knok and southwestern Richland counties. Before a justice of the peace a pettifogger can, and does, make every sort of untenable claim, and our Harvey was up to that sort of business. No more genial and quick witted lawyer ever practiced at the bar of Morrow county than Bertrand Andrews. On one occasion, it is told, that in a suit before a justice of the peace, Mr. Andrews was expected to read the law to the court on the point in controversy, and during the recess for dinner Baldwin obtained the book and tore therefrom the pages containing the law. Andrews when he came to read the law could not find it, and was greatly disconcerted. Such a thing did not often happen to Mr. Andrews, as he was ready for nearly every emergency. He was the amicus curia (friend of the court), and was always ready to help his clients out of their troubles, or the court in doubtful or difficult cases. Mr. Andrews moved to Mt. Gilead after a few years, and became prosecuting attorney in 1865, succeeding Andrew R. Boggs, who served from 1861 to 1865. Mr. Andrews served two terms, until 1869, and in the closing years of his life was honored by being made probate judge of the county by appointment. He died at Mt. Gilead, August 8, 1895. He was most successful in his appeals to a jury, and won the majority of his cases. John J. Gurley located at Mt. Gilead in 1850 and formed a partnership with Hon. Thos. W. Bartley and Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, both of Mansfield, the firm name being Gurley, Bartley & Kirkwood. Hon. Thos. W. Bartley, of this firm, was judge of the supreme court of Ohio from February 9, 1852, until February 9, 1859, and his decisions are voluminous and exhaustive. Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood went to Iowa, and was the first war governor of Iowa from 1859 to 1863 ; again served from 1877 to 1881, when he became secretary of the interior in President Garfield's cabinet, and held that office until 1882. He died September 1, 1894. This firm continued only a few years. From 1853 to 1855 Judge Gurley served in the state legislature ; from 1855 to 1858 as judge of the probate court by election ; in 1873 as a member of the constitutional convention of Ohio by election ; from 1875 to 1877, by election as prosecuting attorney of the county ; and from 1886 to 1887 as county auditor, by appointment. He was a very honorable man, discharged his various trusts with fidelity, and had the confidence of the people. He died at Mt. Gilead on the 30th of April, 1887. His son, Wm. W. Gurley, became a lawyer, located in Chicago, and will be mentioned in a later paragraph. HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 185 James W. Stinchcomb came to Mt. Gilead from Lancaster, Ohio, about 1850, practiced law for several years, and was a member of the firm of Stinchcomb & Sanford, and Stinchcomb, Brumback & Burns. Mr. Stinchcomb returned to his native county before the War of the Rebellion, and at its outbreak became captain of Company A, and by promotion major of the Seventeenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After the war he came back to Mt. Gilead and married Mrs. Amanda Kelly McKee, afterward removing to Nebraska, where he died some years later. Henry C. Brumback became a practicing lawyer about this time, and about 1870 removed to Effingham, Illinois, where he has since died. W. Smith Irwin appears as an attorney at the April term, 1852, and continued to practice, at intervals, until 1889. He was county auditor from 1859 to the summer of 1862, and county treasurer from 1864 to 1865. From August 18, 1862, until March 17, 1863, he was lieutenant colonel of the One hundred and Twenty-first Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment, from May 2 to August 31, 1864. He died at Mt. Gilead, in January, 1889. Robert B. Mitchell, for a few years, was a practicing attorney at Mt. Gilead, but removed to Kansas in the fifties, and at the breaking out of the Rebellion went into the army and became a major general of volunteers. Thomas W. McCoy practiced law at Cardington in the early history of the county, but left there before the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion. James A. Connolly was a partner with Judge Dunn before the war, and in 1861 had removed to Illinois. From that state he went into the army and became the major of an Illinois regiment. He has been in the legislature of Illinois, and a congressman for several terms from that state. His home is now at Springfield, Illinois. In addition to those mentioned as having gone into the army it is proper to state that Henry C. Brumback became first lieutenant of Company E, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry; James Olds recruited Company D, and became major of the Sixty-fifth Regiment, and Andrew R. Boggs adjutant of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment. This brings us down to the days of the Rebellion, when nearly all law business was suspended, and debtors were by law exempted from payment while in the army and for several months after discharge. In reviewing the history of the bar we find that Bertrand Andrews had for partners during his practice of forty-six years, 186 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Edward R. Riley (who went first to Osceola, Iowa, and thence to Portland, Oregon, where he now resides) ; Wm. H. Albach, for one year ; Disney Rogers for six years (who married Mr. Andrews' daughter, Ida, for twenty years has resided at Youngstown, Ohio, and has there been advanced to the bench of the common pleas court) ; Charles W. Allison, who about 1885 located in Columbus, Ohio, and died there in 1890. Charles W. Allison and James H. Beebe were among the most talented young men that ever were members of the Morrow county bar.,. D. B. Simms, who died in February, 1892 ; and lastly, John W. Barry, now a member of the bar. Judge A. K. Dunn was for a brief period a partner of James H. Godman, of Marion, Ohio ; was then with Gilbert E. Winters, and the firm name was Winters & Dunn. Mr. Winters went to Mansfield, Ohio, and died there soon after the War of the Rebellion. James A. Connolly was next a partner (before 1861) as Dunn & Connolly. James Marshman was also a partner for a few years. After 1861 Judge Dunn had no partners except his own sons, Frank K. and Charles J. Dunn, the latter of whom was accidentally killed in Toledo a few years since. Frank K., located at Charleston, Illinois, where he now resides ; was judge of the circuit court in his circuit, and is now a justice of the supreme court of that state. Hon. Sherman Finch, the law preceptor of Major James Olds, was his first partner for a year or two, then the firm was Dalrymple (T. H.) & Olds for a short time, and Olds & Terrill (W. L.) for several years. In 1861 Elmer C. Chase became a partner, under the firm name of Olds & Chase. In 1866 Jabez Dickey came from Mansfield and became a partner with Major Olds-, under the firm name of Olds & Dickey. In October, 1872, Judge Dickey was elected prosecuting attorney for this county and served one term. Judge Dickey in 1881 was elected common pleas judge and served one short and one full term. In 1900 he removed to Toledo, Ohio, where he pursued his profession. Major Olds' next partner was George W. Fluckey, who was reared in this county and was a student under Mr. Olds, and the firm name was Olds & Fluckey; later W. R. Baxter married Mamie Olds, and became a member of the firm. Mr. Fluckey is also a practicing lawyer in Toledo, Ohio. His last partner was his son, Benjamin Olds, under the firm name of Olds & Olds. Mr. Baxter is now special counsel for a corporation in Canton. In the first years of the county's history it seemed to be the proper thing for the last preceptor to become the sponsor for the HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 187 beginning student, so Judge Rollin C. Hurd became partner with T. H. Dalrymple for a year or two ; then Dalrymple & Boggs (Andrew R.) ; then Gurley (John J.) & Dalrymple, and lastly, Dalrymple & Powell. The latter is now a member of the bar. Judge Judson A. Beebe first had Hon. Charles Sweetzer as his partner, but he usually practiced alone. THE DIVORCE BUSINESS. At the May term of court for 1848 (which was the first) sixty-two cases were entered on the docket for trial ; but not one was for divorce, or for alimony, or for both combined. At the September term of that year, forty-six cases were entered, one case of which was for divorce and one case for alimony only. At the three terms in 1849 six cases for divorce, one of which was also for alimony, were commenced. In 1850, at the February term, two cases for divorce were commenced, one of which was dismissed and the parties afterward lived together until death parted them. At the June term, 1850, out of seventy-four cases for trial, not one was for divorce. The divorce business in the courts continued in about that proportion for some years, with a loss in population of 2,400 in 1900, as compared with that of 1850. Our court for the year ending June 30, 1901, granted twenty-one divorces, and for the year ending June 30, 1902, twenty divorces, which is about four times as many according to the population. In 1850 the general business of the courts was largely in excess of the business now, but the county divorce business is now four times and more that of the fifties, and is wholly disporportionate to the population. Are those entering upon the marriage relation at this time not so conscious of the sacred nature of the marriage contract, and the marriage state, as formerly? Are the young people of this age not impressed with the divine origin of the marriage relation ? It is possible, yes certain, that divorces are too easily obtained, and our courts are too liberal in granting them. Young married people rush into court for divorce upon too slight provocation. They do not seem to realize what an important thing duty is. The stern realities of life come upon them and they are bewildered. Their dream of life, formed during courtship, receives a sudden shock, and divorce seems the only panacea. 188 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY CHANGES IN COURT SYSTEMS. In the first years of the history of Morrow county and until 1852 the court of common pleas had jurisdiction of the same legal rights and remedies as now, and also of the probatc of wills and settlement of estates, which latter functions were transferred to the probate court organized under article 15, sections 7 and 8 of the constitution of 1851. Prior to 1851 the courts of the state, under the constitution of 1802, consisted of the supreme court, courts of common pleas of each county and justices of the peace. The courts of common pleas were presided over by a president judge, and not more than three, nor less than two associate judges. Judges James Stewart, of Mansfield, and Ozias Bowen, of Marion, were the president judges at different terms in this county until 1852, and Stephen T. Cunard, Richard House and Enoch B. Kinscll, the associate judges. These three had the distinction of being the only associate judges Morrow county ever had. The president judges only were lawycrs, and the others were chosen from among the people for being men of affairs and of good judgment. The sessions of court were held in the Baptist church, which stood on the northeast corner of the South Public Square until the Court House was built in 1852. The old church is now used as a warehouse and stands near the Short Line railway passenger depot in Mt. Gilead. The district court was authorized under the constitution of 1851, and consisted of three judges of the court of common pleas; and usually a judge of the supreme court and a judge of the supreme court continued to preside down to the June term of 1871. Until this time the district court gave satisfaction. The court records show that from the organization of the county until 1871, Judges Edward Avery, Peter Hitchcock, Thomas W. Bartley, Joseph R. Swan, John Welch, Jacob Brinkerhoff, Luther Day and Josiah Scott each presided at different annual terms. DISTRICT JUDGES. On account of the crowded condition of the supreme court docket, a judge of that court ceased to preside. The district court was not satisfactory after 1871 because the three common pleas judges were reviewing the decisions of one of them in whatever county court was held. Ozias Bowen, who became a judge of the supreme court of Ohio, and James. Stewart were lawyers of high legal attainments, and it is not recalled that the associate HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 189 judges ever disagreed with them, especially on a purely legal question. Judge Stewart was elected common pleas judge under the constitution of 1851; he served until February, 1857, and died at Mansfield a few years later. At the October election, 1856, George W. Geddes was elected judge and took his office in February, 1857, as successor to Judge Stewart. Judge Geddes was re-elccted for a second term, but on his third nomination and at the October election, 1866, he was defeated by William Osborn and immediately resigned. Judge William Osborn was appointed to fill out the term from October, 1866, until February 9, 1867, when Judge Osborn entered on the term for which he had been elected. The business of the courts of the district became so crowded that the legislature passed a law which took effect May 8, 1868, granting an additional judge for the subdivision composed of the counties of Ashland, Richland and Morrow, and at the October election, 1868, Judge Geddes was elected as the additional judge and served nearly five ycars, altogether filling judicial positions nearly fiftcen years. Since February 9, 1869 the second sub-division of the sixth judicial district has had two judges. Judge Geddes served until November, 1873, when he resigned to enter the practice of law, and Judson A. Beebe was appointed to fill out his unexpired term to February 9, 1874. At the October election, 1873, Judge Beebe had been elected judge for a full term, which commenced February 9, 1874, and he served until August 27, 1874, when he died. He had filled the office with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of the public. Thomas J. Kenny was appointed to the vacancy and in October, 1874, was elected for a full term ; was re-elected and served until April 20, 1882, when, after a short illness, in the prime of his manhood and in the vigor of his intellect, he died. He was a genial and social man and an upright judge. His life was marred by his convivial habits, but only occasionally did he allow them to interfere with his duties as a judge. At the January term, 1876, court had been in session two weeks, and on the third Monday of court the judge came on the bench with a peculiar expression—a frown—upon his face. The prosecuting attorney, on account of the condition the court was in, hesitated to try the cases for felony, and, where possible, permitted defendants to plead guilty to a lesser crime. One defendant was indicted for "shooting with intent to wound," and a plea of guilty to assault and battery was accepted. The judge, as is usual, asked the prisoner what he had to say why the sentence of the court should not be pronounced against him. 190 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Mr. Andrews, as the amicus curia, explained that the offence was committed on the occasion of the third election of General R. B. Hayes as governor of Ohio and that the "boys" were having a little fun. The judge said: "Mr. Lindsay, owing to the hilarity of the occasion I will fine you $5 and costs." A large criminal docket was disposed of in two or three hours. The next morning no judge was present for business, and nothing further was done that term. Darius Dirlam was elected judge in 1871 and took his office in February, 1872, and served nearly the full term when, for business reasons, he resigned, and Andrew K. Dunn was appointed to the vacancy. Judge Dirlam was reelected as judge at the November election, 1901. He is an incorruptibly honest man and judge, and honored the high office and filled it with much credit. Moses R. Dickey was elected at the October election, 1876 ; was judge from February, 1877; reelected in October, 1881, and served until the spring of 1882, when he resigned to go into the practice of the law at Cleveland, Ohio, John W. Jenner being appointed to fill the vacancy. Judge Moses R. Dickey is a veteran of both the Mexican and Civil wars, having served as private in Company A, Third Ohio Infantry, from May 27, 1846, until June 18, 1847, and as lieutenant colonel of the Fifteenth Ohio Infantry, three years' service, and served until October 24, 1862. He was an upright judge and had an untarnished reputation for honesty. He is now past eighty-four years old and has retired from practice, full of years and honors. Thomas E. Duncan was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Thomas J. Kenny. At the October election in 1882, Manuel May was elected for the full term, and in November, 1887, was reelected and served ten years as judge. He died during the last year. He was regarded as an honest man and an upright judge. Jabez Dickey at the October election, 1882, was elected for a short term, and at the next election (1883) for a full term of five years. He served with ability and credit until February, 1889. At the November election, 1888, Henry L. McCray was elected judge. No more genial gentleman than he has honored the judicial ermine. At the November election, 1893, he was defeated by Thomas E. Duncan who filled the office with honor. Judge Norman M. Wolfe served two terms, from February 9, 1892, until February 9, 1902. Judge Robert M. Campbell was first elected in November, 1898, defeating Judge Duncan for a second term, and was reelected. Edwin Mansfield, of Richland county, was elected common pleas judge in 1906 and took the office in February, 1907 ; William HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 191 T. Devor, of Ashland county was elected common pleas judge at the October election of 1908, assuming the office in February, 1909 ; and these two are the presiding judges. CIRCUIT BENCH. As heretofore stated, the Circuit Court was authorized by law in 1884. The Fifth judicial circuit is composed of the counties of Morrow, Richland, Ashland, Knox, Licking, Delaware, Wayne, Holmes, Coshocton, Fairficld, Perry, Morgan, Muskingum, Tuscarawas and Stark. The first judges were John W. Albaugh, of Canton, Charles Follett, of Newark, and John W. Jenner, of Mansfield, who were clected in October, 1884, and took their offices February 9, 1885. The governor of Ohio determined by lot the terms of these three. Judge Albaugh drew two, Judge Follett four, and Judge Jenner six years, and thereafter a judge was to be elected every two years. Each of these judges was re-elected on the expiration of his said term, for six years. Judge Jenner died in November, 1909. The judges since the above three have been Julius C. Pomerene, of Coshocton, elected in 1892, without opposition, and who died December 23, 1897 ; John J. Adams, of Zanesville, six years; Charles H. Kibler, of Newark, for short term ; Silas M. Douglas, of Mansfield, six years; Martin L. Smyzer, of Wooster, short term by appointment ; John W. Swartz, of Newark, short term ; Richard M. Vorhees, of Millersburg, elected in 1898 for six years; Maurice Donahue, of New Lexington, elected in the year 1900 for six years, and Thomas T. McCarty, of Canton, elected in 1902 for six years.. Judge McCarty died in 1907. Frank Taggart was elected in 1904. The circuit court has given general satisfaction to the members of the bar, with slight exception, and only occasionally has a member of the bar been known to revile the court. Most lawyers, if they think their cases arc not decided according to law, however much they may feel aggrieved, quietly take them to the higher court, which is undoubtedly the better practice. The habit of cursing the court when a case is decided adversely, as formerly was too often done, is fortunately going out of fashion. It is exceedingly seldom that a case is not honestly decided. The judges have been lawyers of talent, honest and of a high order of legal knowledge, and the court has been independent, and not subject to the influences that were brought to bear on its predecessor, the district court. The present judges of the circuit court are Frank 192 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Taggart, of Wayne county ; Maurice Donahue, of Perry county ; and Richard M. Vorhees, of Holmes county. RESIDENT PRACTICING ATTORNEYS. Resident practicing attorncys are J. W. Barry, R. F. Bartlett, William F. Bruce, B. J. Catty, H. H. Harlan, W. M. Kaufman, S. C. Kingman, T. B. Mateer, William H. Mitchell, Benjamin Olds, L. K. Powcll, George P. Stiles, W. P. Vaughan, C. H. Wood, J. C. Williamson. Mr. Williamson, who was admitted to practice on June 13, 1906, is prosecuting attorney of the county It may bc wcll for the benefit of some future historian to give a fcw facts relative to the present members of our bar : Thomas E. Duncan was prosecuting attorney from 1869 to 1873. He was admitted to the bar in 1862, then a citizen of Holmes county, Ohio, and a native thereof, and that year he located at Cardington, where he continued in practice until October, 1878, then removed to Mt. Gilead. He was in thc state legislature from 1874 to 1878. He removed to Coshocton in 1908. William H. Albach, a native of Perry township, read law with Judge A. K. Dunn; was admitted to the bar June 20, 1864, and practiced a few years, but retired from the law and engaged in the more lucrative business of inventions. He died June 25, 1910. Stephen Cunard Kingman was admitted to the bar June 19, 1873. He is a native of Lincoln township, and studied law with James Olds. Asa A. Gardner is a native of Lincoln township, and was admitted to the bar June 22, 1876. He was probate judgc from February 9, 1870, to February 9, 1876. Hc has retired from practice. William H. Barnhard, a native of Franklin township and Theodoric S. White and George P. Stiles, natives of Cardington, wcre all admittcd to the bar June 22, 1876. White and Stiles both studied law with Judge T. E. Duncan, at Cardington. Mr. White was prosecuting attorney from 1881 to 1886 and Mr. Barnhard held the office from 1886 to 1892. Mr. Whitc died April 8, 1905. George B. Thompson, native of Congress township, was admitted June 25, 1874. He was county school examiner for many years. Robert F. Bartlett, native of Mt. Gilead; rcad law with T. H. Dalrymple ; was admitted June 24, 1878, and removed to Cardington in October of that year, where hc practiced nearly scventeen HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 193 years. He was clerk of courts from February 9, 1867, to February 9, 1876. He now resides at Mt. Gilead. Major William G. Beatty was also admitted June 24, 1878, but never practiced. He died at Pueblo, Colorado, about seven years since. Louis K. Powell, native of Franklin township, read law with Dalrymple and Braden and was admitted June 25, 1878. He was probatc judge from February 9, 1885, to February 9, 1891, and in the state legislaturc from 1898 to 1900. John W. Barry, native of Westfield township, read law with Robert F. Bartlett, at Cardington ; was admitted October 31, 1883, and for ten years was a partncr of his law preceptor. He was prosecuting attorney from 1892 to 1908. Henry H. Harlan, native of Noble county, Ohio, studied law at Delaware, Ohio, with Reid and Powell and was admitted January 6, 1885. Elected to Ohio house of representatives in 1905. William F. Bruce, native of Mt. Gilead, studied law with Andrews and Allison, and William P. Vaughan ; native of Lincoln township, and now a resident of Cardington ; studied law with Judge A. K. Dunn. Both were admitted to the bar March 1, 1887. Henry Weaver, native of South Bloomfield, is a member of the bar and has removed. C. H. Wood is a native of Gilead township ; studied law with T. H. Dalrymple and was admitted to the bar October 1, 1889. He was prosecuting attorney from 1898 to 1904. Benjamin Olds is a native of Mt. Gilead ; read law with his father and was admitted Octobcr 9, 1890. William M. Kaufman studied law with Judge A. K. Dunn, The date of his admission is not known. He is a native of Harmony township. William H. Mitchell is a native of Congrcss township ; read law with Andrews and Allison ; and is in practice. William D. Mathews is a native of Richland county, Ohio, and was probate judge of Morrow county from 1879 to 1885. Previous to 1895 he was county judge of Beaver county, Oklahoma. He was admitted to practice in Ohio, March 7, 1895, and died February 4, 1907. Tolla B. Mateer is a native of Gilead township and read law with Harlan and Wood. He was admitted in 1901, he was prosecuting attorney for two terms. 194 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY MADE THEIR MARKS ABROAD. Justice would not be done the profession unless some historical account was given of the successful young men, natives of Morrow county, who have studied law and been admitted to the bar in the county and have taken the advise of Horace Greeley to "Go west young man ;" have gone and earned fame and fortune in their new homes. Byron Ayres, of Chester township ; Ross Burns, of Harmony township ; admitted September 11, 1851; Samuel N. Wood, of Gilead township, admitted June 1, 1854, all located in Kansas in the early history of that state. S. N. Wood was murdered in Stevens county in 1894. James A. Connolly, native of Perry township, read law with Judge A. K. Dunn ; went to Springfield, Illinois, and has been honored as a member of the Illinois legislature, and United States district attorney and congressman. Colonel John. S. Cooper, who died November 15, 1907, and William W. Gurley, both natives of Mt. Gilead, the latter of whom was admitted June 19, 1873, were eminent and are leading lawyers of Chicago, Illinois. Walter Olds, native of Westfield township, who studied law with his brother, Major James Olds, has been the judge of the circuit and supreme courts of Indiana and now resides at Fort Wayne, that state. Colonel Henry S. Bunker, of Cardington township, who died March 21, 1900, at Toledo ; George W. Fluckey ; John A. Garver, a native of Troy township ; Albert T. Goorley, native of Washington township, and Thaddcus Powell, of Franklin township, are (except Colonel Bunker) practicing lawyers in Toledo, Ohio. Caleb H. Norris, a Cardington boy, was judge of common pleas and judgc of the circuit court in thc Third circuit, and resides at Marion, Ohio. John F. McNeal, native of Washington township, was a leading lawyer at Marion, Ohio, and died there. William M. Eccles, native of Gilead township, who had retired, died on his farm in same township, April 15, 1898. He was for many years a sucessful lawyer in St. Louis, Missouri. John J. Powell, native of Chester township, was admitted in this county, June 2, 1871, practiced at Cedar Rapids, and died there January 6, 1908. It is within the knowledge of the writer hereof, that the law HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 195 practice of one of the above non-resident lawyers in a single year was more than $30,000. Azariah W. Lincoln, native of Franklin township, and Grant G. Lydy, of Mt. Gilead, the latter admittcd in October, 1889, are successful lawyers at Springfield, Mo. Captain Sidney A. Breece, late of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas, and John D. Foye, of Lima, both deceased, were native representatives of old Gilead township families. H. S. Prophet, native of Cardington, and for many years in partnership with his father-in-law, the late Judge Judson A. Beebe, for about forty years has resided and practiced law at Lima, Ohio, of which city he has been mayor. Fletcher Douhitt, native of. North Bloomfield township, practiced law for about ten years (1886-96) at Mt. Gilead, removed to New Philadelphia, was elected judge of the court of common pleas, and died a few years since during his second term on the bench. Frank K. Dunn, native of Mt. Gilead, studied law under his father and, as noted in a former chapter, was circuit judge in Illinois, and resides at Charleston in that state, now a justice of its supreme court. William K. Duncan, native of Cardington, read law under his father's instruction and has practiccd law at Findlay for several years, and at the November election of 1903 and 1909 was elected judge of the court of common pleas. Beecher W. Waltermire, native of Harmony township, and Thos. H. McConica of Lincoln township, are successful lawyers at Findlay, Ohio. B. F. James, also a native of Harmony township, is a hustling lawyer at. Bowling Green, Ohio, and has been in the legislature from. Wood county. W. L. Merwine native of Perry township, Demas Ulery of Harmony township, Lawrence Mead of South Bloomfield township, and Preston Heacock and Jay Beatty, of Cardington township, are practicing lawyers in Columbus, Ohio. Plimpton B. Chase, native of Sparata admitted April 5, 1881, practiced several years at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, but had left the profession and gone into the morc paying business of theatrical management. A. W. Frater, who read law with Judge Duncan and who resides at Seattle, Washington, and Thos. A. Gruber, who read law with Judge Powell, and is located in Caledonia, Ohio, are both natives of Canaan township. 196 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY Seth C. Duncan, of Ashley, Ohio, admitted May 29, 1890; Fred D. Garbison of Edison, admitted June 9, 1892, and Gideon M. Sipe, of Utica, Ohio, admitted June 9, 1892, are all nativcs of Morrow county and lawyers with future flattering prospects. JUDGES, ATTORNEYS, SHERIFFS AND CLERKS. Probate judges who have held the office in Morrow county are as follows : Hiram Peterson, 1852-5 ; John J. Gurley, 1855-8 ; William S. Clements, 1858-63 ; David Richards, 1864-70 ; Asa A. Gardner, 1870-6 ; Henry S. Beebe, 1876-9 ; William D. Mathews, 1879-85 ; Louis K. Powell, 1885-91; Thomas W. Long, 1891-3 ; B. Andrews, 1893-4 ; Arthur S. Banker, 1894-6 ; Frank B. McMillan, 1896 ; Daniel D. Booher, 1896-7 ; Walter C. Bennett, 197-1903 ; Monroe W. Spear, 1903-9; and John W. Glauner, (present incumbent). Judge Spear was a lawyer when elected judge in 1902; practiced in Morrow county, in 1909-10, and then removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Following is a list of the prosecuting attorneys : Samuel Kelley, 1848-51; Judson A. Beebe, 1851-61; Andrew Boggs, 1861-5 ; Bertrand Andrews, 1865-9; Thomas E. Duncan, 1869-73; Jabez Dickey, 1873-5 ; John J. Gurley, 1875-7 ; Charles W. Allison, 187 7 81; Theodoric S. White,, 1881-6 ; William H. Barnhard, 1886-92 ; John W. Barry, 1892-8 ; Calvin H. Wood, 1898-1904 ; Tolla B. Mateer, 1904-10 ; and Carl H. Williamson, 1910 to date. The sheriffs who have executed the orders of court in Morrow county were : Ross Burns, e1848-51; Davis Miles, 1851-3 ; S. Morehouse, 1853-5 ; Abraham Conklin, 1855-9 ; Elzy Barton, 1859-63 ; John H. Benson, 1863-5 ; Horace McKee, 1865-9 ; Stcphen A. Parsons, 1869-73; William. C. Manson, 1873-7; Dewitt C. Sanford, 1877-81; Martin G. Modie, 1881-5 ; Bradford Dowsan, 1885-9 ; James R. McComb, 1889-91; Jesse B. Rinehart, 1891-3 ; Thomas F. Gordon, 1893-7 ; Frank Purinton, 1897-1901; Chauncey T. Perry, 1901-5 ; M. W. Frizzell, 1905-9 ; and Charles B. Chilcote, term expires in 1913. The clerks of courts who have served in Morrow county are as follows : William S. Clements, March 15 to June 1, 1848, and Wesley C. Clarke, June 1, 1848, to February 10, 1852, (both appointed by the court under the state constitution of 1802) ; Benjamin P. Truex, February 10, 1852 to 1859 (elected under the constitution of 1852) ; HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 197 Samuel Poland and William Smith Irwin, deputy clerks; Samuel Poland, clerk, 1854 to 1855 ; William W. Irwin, 1855 to 1861; James M. Briggs, 1861 to 1867 ; Robert F. Bartlett, 1867 to 1876 ; Daniel L. Chase, 1876 to 1882; Samuel P. Gage, 1882 to 1888 ; James E. McCracken, 1888 to 1894; David H. Lincoln, 1894 to 1900; Budd Bakes, 1900 to 1906 ; and Charlcs D. Meredith, since 1906. Vol. I - 13 CHAPTER X. SCHOOLS AND NEWSPAPERS. STATE SCHOOL LAWS-PIONEER SCHOOLS-DEFECTS IN PRESENT SYSTEM- "LICKIN AND LARNIN TEACHERS-UNION SCHOOLS OF MOUNT GILEAD- SUPERINTENDENTS-DISTINGUISHED GRADUATES-HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES (1876-1910) -TEACHERS AND COURSE OF STUDY-HESPER MOUNT SEMINARY- JESSE HARKNESS-THE ALUM CREEK ACADEMY-OHIO CENTRAL COLLEGE- PRESS AND COUNTY COEXTENSIVE. By Robert F. Bartlett. To provide equally for schools in each township of the state, congress gave, in 1802, from unsold lands in the present counties of Guernsey, Coshocton, Muskingum, Licking, Delaware and Morrow, one hundred and twelve and a half square miles for school purposes, in the United States Military district, which amount was equal to "one thirty-sixth part of the estimated whole amount of lands within the tract ;" and also gave, for similiar purposes, in 1807, lands amounting to one hundred and sixty-five square miles within the present limit of the counties of Holmes, Wayne, Ashland, Richland, Crawford and Morrow. STATE SCHOOL LAWS. The first general assembly of Ohio, in March, 1803, provided that the sections 16 should be leased for terms not exceeding seven years. The conditions required the lessee of each quarter section of one hundred and sixty acres to clear, within five years, fifteen acres of land and fence the same into three fields : one field of five acres to be seeded down ; one field of three acres to set with one hundred thrifty apple trees, leaving one field of seven acres for tillage. Agents appointed by the governor were to make leases, have the care of the lands, bring actions for waste of timber, retaining one-half of the amount collected and paying over the remainder for the use of schools. - 198 - HISTORY OF MORROW COUNTY - 199 In 1805, the township trustees were empowered to grant leases for terms not exceeding fifteen years and enjoined to see that the proceeds arising from the leases be duly and impartially applied to the education of youths, within the particular surveyed township, in such manner that all the citizens therein may be equal partakers of the benefits thereof. Sections 16 havc been given for the benefit of the original townships, and these were liable to division by the erection of new counties and by the exercise of the lawful powers of the county commissioners. The present free school system of Ohio may be briefly explained as follows : Cities and incorporated villages are independent of township and county control, in the management of schools, having boards of education and examiners of their own. Some of them are organized for school purposes, under special acts. Each township has a board of education, composed of one member from each subdistrict. Thc township clerk is clerk of this board, but has no vote. Each subdistrict has a local board of trustees, which manages its school affairs, subject to the advice and control of the township board. These officers are elected on the first Monday in • April, and hold their offices three years. An enumeration of all the youth between the ages of five and twenty-one is made yearly. All public schools are required to be in session at least twenty-four weeks each year. The township clerk reports annually such facts concerning school affairs as the law requires, to the county auditor, who in turn reports to the state commissioner, who collects these reports in a general report to the legislature each year. Those who remember the early school laws of Ohio have noted the frequent changes made in them, but the adoption of a new constitution gave the state a revised school law, said to be one of the best and most perfect within the broad bounds of the Union. And from that day to the present, it has kept its place as the best and most liberal school law of any of the states. PIONEER SCHOOLS. The first school taught in Ohio was in 1791. The first teacher was Major Austin Tupper. The room occupied was the same as that in which the first court was held, and was situated in the northwest block-house of the garrison, called the stockade at Marietta. During the Indian war, school was also taught at Fort Hammar, Point Marietta and at other settlements. In the, early settlement in this part of Ohio, there were many influences in the