MUSKINGUM COUNTY INFIRMARY—JOHN M'INTIRE'S WILL—LEGAL ACTION CONCERNING THE WILL OF JOHN M'INTIRE—THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY CHILDREN'S HOME—M'INTIRE CHILDREN'S HOME.

MUSKINGUM COUNTY INFIRMARY.—The first legal step taken to provide for the poor by the county, was an "Act to authorize the establishment of poor houses," passed February 26th, 1816—[Chase's Statutes, vol. I, p. 998.] Like all early efforts, this was subjected to alteration from time to time. March 23d, 1850, the name "Poor House" was changed to the "Infirmary," as less obnoxious in sound. The struggles incident to opening up a new country were not confined to individual welfare, but partook of a communistic nature ; were for mutual benefit, and it was therefore a practical and reasonable act to provide for whoever should be found in need, by a mutual effort, such as this. This was also esteemed a Christian duty. "The poor shall never cease out of the land ; therefore I command thee, saying, thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor and to thy needy in thy land."—Deut. xv. 2.

The present Infirmary farm contains two hundred acres. The following extracts from the Commissioners' Journal, exhibit the acquisition of this property.

June 30th, 1838.—This day the Commissioners. purchased, of Andrew R. Jackson, one hundred (100) acres of land in Falls township, Muskingum county, and being the east end of lot No. 2, Jackson's division, in Quarter township No. 4, in township No. 1, range No. 8, for the purpose of a County Poor Farm, and obligated themselves and their successors in office, in their corporate capacity, to pay said Jackson for the same, as follows : Two thousand dollars ($2,000) on the first day of October next, to be applied to the payment of a mortgage in the hands of A. Buckingham & Co., and the balance as may hereafter be agreed upon.

July 3d, 1838, Andrew Jackson, having presented a deed executed by himself and wife to the Commissioners of Muskingum county, and their successors in office, and assigns forever, for one hundred (100) acres of land, heretofore purchased by the said Commissioners, for the accommodation of a poor house for said county. It is therefore ordered by the Commissioners, that the Auditor issue orders on the County Treasurer for three thousand dollars, ($3,000) the price agreed upon for said land, the orders to be for such amounts as the said Jackson may require ; the said sum to be paid on or before the first day of October next, and the said Jackson to allow interest on all payments made before that time.

October 8th, 1863, the second one hundred acres of the poor farm, adjoining the first tract, was purchased of Augustus C. Springer, for seven thousand dollars ($7,000). The contract for building the first "Poor House," was let to David Maginnis, May 15th, 1839, for

$7,409.57. This building was partly destroyed by fire in 1859, and rebuilt and enlarged in 1860, at a cost of $9,500.

THE NEW BUILDING.—The architect was W. C. Hazlett ; the contract was let May 15th, (the 1st Monday,) 188̊. The contractors for excavation, foundation and brick work, T. B. Townsend ; for cut stone, Eisle & Berkimer ; for iron beams, Mt. Vernon Bridge Co. ; carpenter work, galvanized iron work, slate and tile roofing, Wm. Hall ; painting, Henry Mechlin; plumb- ing, Rockel & Sons. The total contract price, $44,000 ; to be completed in May, 1881. The building will accommodate zoo inmates, and have extra rooms for the Superintendent.

The farm contains about thirty acres of wood land ; the remainder is all under cultivation. The premises have been in use since 1841. In tbat year the total expenditures amounted to $4,950.27.

The number of inmates at the close of that year was twenty-five. In June, of the same year, John Burtch was appointed Superintendent, at a salary of three hundred dollars per annum, board and house room for himself and family.

In 1842, the products of the farm were : Wheat, 250 bushels ; oats, 170 bushels ; corn, 480 bushels ; potatoes, 400 bushels ; turnips, thirty bushels ; buck wheat, ten and a half bushels ; clover, twelve tons ; timothy, three tons ; pork, 2,212 pounds.

The Superintendent, in 1874, was John Christie, and he was succeeded, March 1, 1881, by L. R. C. Howard.

The institution is under good discipline. The following requirements are found in the code : Cleanliness and good behavior ; the inmates shall perform such labor as may be assigned them—if practicable, this shall be such as they have been accustomed to ; to exercise in the open air, as recreation, in places assigned by the Superintendent; men are to shave, or be shaved, twice a week. And all are required to attend Divine service whenever held in the house, except those having conscientious scruples opposed to this requirement, and they are required to re- main in their rooms during this time. .

Those conforming strictly to the rules of the institution, may, on application to the Superintendent, be permitted to visit their friends, and have their friends visit them, according to the discretion of the Superintendent—except on Sabbath.

9th.—No visitor shall be allowed to enter or go through the rooms of the house without first obtaining permission from the Superintendent or one of the Directors.

10th.—Each pauper shall have the full bene- fit of any lawful donation made him or her individually, provided such donation be made with the consent of one of the Directors or the Superintendent; and donations made for the benefit of the house, shall be faithfully divided among the poor, or applied to their additional comfort, at the discretion of the Directors.

Among the prohibitions are : "Lying, stealing, profanity, quarreling, fighting, card-playing, immoral books, obscene conversation, and the use of intoxicants." T"hey shall not sell nor barter their utensils, clothes or provisions, nor offer any fee or gratuity, whatsoever, to any per- sons belonging to the house, nor accept or receive any reward from any other person, for services rendered or to be rendered."

Products of the farm, 188o : Wheat, 1,085 bushels, of which 500 bushels were sold for $450., and the money paid into the County Treasury ; 550 bushels were exchanged for flour for the use of the institution ; corn, 1,100 bushels ; oats, 100 bushels; potatoes, 100 bushels ; hay, twenty-five tons ; all of which was consumed on the place.

Infirmary Directors : One Director is elected annually, [See Sec. 957, Revised Statutes,] and the term of office begins the first Monday in December. The present Board consists of Robert Slack, whose term of office expires in December, 1881 ; Geo. A. Gardner, whose term expires in December, 1882, and Addison Palmer, whose term expires in December, 1883.

The powers vested in the Board are defined in Sections 961-2, Revised Statutes, and by virtue of this authority, they have appointed the present Superintendent for one year from March 1, 1881, at a salary of six hundred dollars, and his wife as Matron, at a salary of one hundred dollars, beginning at the same date, and the following physicians to attend the poor entitled to gratuitous service : For the Infirmary, Dr’s. J. G. F. Holston and L. M. Reamv, at a .salary of two hundred dollars each. And for the wards of the city, as given, with salary affixed : 1st and 2d Wards, Dr. A. C. Oatley, $120.00 ; 3d Ward, Dr. Seth Allen, $6o.00 : 4th and 5th Wards, Dr. W. C. Lenhart, $100.00 ; 6th Ward, Dr. J. T. Davis, $6o.00 ; 7th Ward, Dr. W. E. Atwell, $50.00 ; 8th Ward, Dr. C. H. Evans, $70.00 ; 9th Ward, Dr. J. R. Larzelere, $5 .00. Total, $910.00.

The total amount expended for the benefit of the poor not in the Infirmary, for the year ending March 1st, 1881, has been $3,000.00. , The en- tire expenditures for the Infirmary, including salaries, and "the out poor," for the same time, amounted to $16,000.00.

Under the provisions found in Section 976, Revised Statutes, the Board has entered into arrangements for transferring the children at the Infirmary, and any hereafter received into that institution, to the " McIntire Children's Home," where they are to be cared for, as other children received into the Home, and at the same cost that said children would be to the county.

The following is an extract from the Records of the Court of Common Pleas of Muskingum County :

August 4th, 1815.—At a called Court of Common Pleas, held at Zanesville, in Muskingum county, present, David Findley, Stephen C. Smith and Daniel Stillwell, associate Judges of said court, the last will and testament of John McIntire, deceased, was produced in open court, and proven on the oath of Samuel Culbertson and Job Stanbery, the subscribing witnesses. Daniel Conyers and Alexander Adair were sworn in open court as Executors, when the usual orders were made..

JOHN MCINTIRE'S WILL.-" I, John McIntire, who am a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the town of Zanesville, wishing to make a just disposition of all my estate, both real and personal, to take effect after my death, do make this instrument of writing, as, and for my last will and testament, hereby revoking and disannulling all former wills, by me heretofore made.

"In the first place, in lieu of my wife's full dower at law, I give devise and bequeath to her absolutely, the one half of all the personal property I may die possessed of, except my clock, which is not to be sold, but remain in my dwelling house so long as it will go. All my personal property is first to be valued by three men chosen by my executors, then my wife, Sally, is to make her choice of the one-half, or, should she not take the one-half, the residence is to be sold, and she is to get the money arising from the sale. I also give, devise and bequeath to her, during her life, my mansion house, barn, stable, and all my outhouses and improvements,. within the present enclosure, where ' I now live.

Secondly, so soon after my death as my executors, or a majority of them, may think proper, I order, direct, and empower them, to sell and convey in fee simple, in such parcels and in such manner, and on such terms as they think proper, all and every part of my real estate in the county of Muskingum, or elsewhere, except the real property which I own and which lays within the grant made by the United States to Ebenezer Zane, on the Muskingum River, which shall not be sold during the lifetime of my wife, and out of the sales and proceeds of the above lands, my executors are to pay off all my just debts as soon as possible, after which debts are paid, my executors are to pay to my wife, Sally, annually during her life, the one-half of the rents, interest, issues and profits of all my es- tate, both real and personal. The money aris- ing from the sales of my real estate after the ,payment of my debts, as aforesaid, is to be by my executors, vested in stock in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, all excepting one hundred dollars, which I allow them to purchase a horse, saddle and bridle with, for John Chapman, who now lives with me, also another hundred dollars, which I allow to pur- chase a horse, saddle and bridle with, for Lucinda Green, who now lives with me. At the death of my wife, Sally, I allow my executors to sell and convey, in fee simple, in such a manner and on such terms as they think proper, all the rest, residue and remainder of my real estate then remaining unsold. The house and lot, as above bequeathed to my wife, with the clock aforesaid excepted, and the money arising from such sale or sales to be vested in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company stock, as my other money is ordered to be vested.

"Thirdly, I allow my executors, if they think it prudent and proper, to pay out of the afore said funds annually to Negro Mess, who has lived with me, and now lives with me, fifty dollars, during his lifetime.

"Fourthly, I give, devise and bequeath to my daughter, Amelia McIntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, at the death of my wife, -my mansion house, with the premises before de- scribed, in fee simple, provided she leaves heirs of her body, or heir, with the clock aforesaid ; also I give, devise and bequeath to her and the heir or heirs of her body, and their heirs forever, all rents, issues, interest and profits, of all my Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company Stock, which are to be paid to her annually dur- ing her life, by the President and Directors of said company, on her own personal application, and not otherwise. She is not at liberty to sell, under the pain of forfeiture, any part of said stock, nor is the same ever to be liable for the payment of her debts which she may contract, or which her husband, sbould she .marry, may contract. Should she leave an heir, or heirs, of her body, then, at her death, the house aforesaid to be vested in them in fee simple, and all the stock aforesaid, to do with as they may think proper. But should my daughter, Amelia McIntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, die with- out an heir or heirs of her body, then my house and lot, with the premises as before described, are to be held in fee simple by the company be- fore described, for the use and occupancy of the President of said company, with the clock aforesaid, he paying into the fund aforesaid, for the use hereafter described, a reasonable rent, to be fixed by the Directors, for the same ; and the President and Directors of said company are annually, forever, to appropriate all the profits, rents and issues of my stock, as aforesaid, and all my estate, of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a Poor School, which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville, for the use of the poor cbildren in said town, the children who are to be the objects of this Institution to be fixed upon by the Presil dent and Directors of said company. This bequest to be absolutely void, in case my daughter Amelia, before described, should leave an heir, or heirs, of her body.

"Lastly, I nominate, constitute, and appoint my friends, Daniel Conyers, Alexander Adair, and Nathan C. Findley, all of Zanesville, the

executors of this, my last will and testament, with full and absolute power, by me in them, or a majority of them vested, to carry this will, and every part thereof, into full effect, and I fully empower them or a majority of them, to sell and convey my real estate as aforesaid described, in fee simple, and as fully as I myself could, were I living ; and, in case any one of my executors, as aforesaid mentioned, should refuse to act agreeable to my request, as an executor of my estate, then, in that case, I authorize, and fully empower the other two executors to fix upon, and appoint some other person, who will act as an executor, and after he is sworn according to law, as an executor is sworn, I do absolutely, and fully, vest him with all the powers which any of my executors are vested with, and all his acts as an executor are to be as binding as those of his co-executors.

" In testimony that this instrument of writing is my last will and testament, I, John McIntire, who am now of sound mind and memory, have hereto set my hand and seal, this eighteenth day of March, eighteen hundred and fifteen, at Zanesville, Ohio.

" Signed, sealed, and pronounced by John McIntire, in our presence, as his last will and testament, who, in his presence, and at his request, sign our names, as witnesses to the same.

Nathan C. Findley declining to act as one of the executors of John McIntire, deceased, Ebenezer Granger was appointed in his stead. E. Granger died in 1822, leaving Daniel Convers and Alexander Adair, surviving executors.

ADMINISTRATORS ET AL. VS. THE CITY OF ZANESVILLE—Petition for the construction of the last will and testament of John McIntire, deceased. Reserved from the District Court of Muskingum county. T. J. Taylor, Solicitor for Children's Home.

LEGAL ACTION CONCERNING THE WILL OF JOHN MCINTIRE.—The Administrators and the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company vs. The City of Zanesville.—[Ohio Reports, Critchfield, p. 352, et seq.] By a provision in the will in question, " the President and Directors of said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, are annually, forever, to appropriate all profits, rents, and issues of my stock as aforesaid, and all my estate, of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a Poor-School, which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville, for the use of the poor children in said town, the children who are to be the objects of this institution, to be fixed upon by the President and Directors of said company.

" At the date of the will, said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company were unincorporated; but soon after the death of the testator, they were duly incorporated, and authorized to accept and execute the trust ; and their corporate existence has been made perpetual for that purpose, by subsequent act of the Legislature.

" Upon the happening of the contingencies upon which depended this devise, the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company accepted the trust, erected a school building in the city of Zanesville, and supported therein a "poor school," until the year 1856, when, owing to the flourishing condition of the public schools of this city, and the repugnance of parents and children towards a distinctive "poor school," the said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company placed the building under the control of the city Board of Education, which Board conducted schools therein in the same manner as if it were a ward school, the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company paying the expenses of said school.

" In 1865, the said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company assumed the expense of maintaining another of the ward schools of the city.

" Of this fund, a sufficient sum to pay the expenses of schools taught in the McIntire School Building, from 1856 to 1865, was paid to the School Board for that purpose, and the additional sum of $8,000 annually, up to the close of the year 1880, with additional contributions for clothing, etc., of from $500.00 to $800.00 annually.

" Since the death of the testator, several additions have been made to the town of Zanesville. Some of these additions are included in the present corporate limits of the city, and some are not. Of the latter description, is a village, on the west side of the Muskingum river, called 'West Zanesville," in which lots were laid out by the testator, and denominated by him on the plat as 'lots in Zanesville.' The incorporated town, in 1815, was situated entirely on the east side of the river.

" A part of the fund so donated is still uninvested, and stock in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company cannot now be purchased, and, if so purchased, would be of little or no value.

The present case is a petition filed by the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, and the administrators, with the will annexed of said estate, asking the Court for directions and advice as to the manner of investing the remaining part of the fund, as to the extent and limits of the 'town of Zanesville, within the meaning of said will, and as to the proper manner of executing the trust within those limits.

" The city of Zanesville answers, claiming that the present application of the fund, in aid of the free schools of the city, shall be continued.

" Since filing the petition, a voluntary association, denominated the 'Muskingum Children's Home Association,' has been made a party defendant, and filed an answer in the cause. The object of this association is to 'secure proper care, culture and homes, for children in the city and vicinity of Zanesville, who, by misfortune or vice, are left in destitute circumstances, without the comforts or culture of home, church, or school.' It is located at Zanesville, and has al-

ready received from the trustees, some part of the McIntire fund, to aid it from time to time in its charitable enterprise ; and the association asks that the Trustees be advised or directed to appropriate at least part of the trust for that use.

DECREE.—"This cause came on to be -heard upon petition and amended petition of the plain- tiffs, the answers of the defendants, and the exhibits and testimony, and was argued by coun- sel; on the consideration whereof, the Court directs and advises that the uninvested part of the fund, referred to in the petition, be invested otherwise than in the stock of said Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, in such way, and manner, as shall be most productive and safe. And the Court is of opinion, and so advises said Trustees, that it is the true meaning and intent of said will, that, in the selection of children to be the beneficiaries of said bounty, that they be not confined to the limits of the original town of Zanesville, or to the corporate limits of the borough or city of Zanesville, but may, and should, select them also from the said village of West Zanesville, or from any and all other additions to said town or city, which, in the common and popular sense, constitute parts thereof at the time of selection. And the Court further advises and directs the said Trustees to discontinue the present plan of applying a portion of the proceeds of said trust fund, in aid of the common schools of said city of Zanesville, being of opinion that any permanent appropria- tion of said funds, or any portion of them, in that way, would be a perversion of the same from the true objects and purposes of the dona- tion. And the Court, further proceeding to ad- vise said Trustees as to their duties in the prem- ises, is of opinion and declares, that the real and ultimate purpose of the donor was, to educate poor children, resident in Zanesville ; that, in carrying out that purpose, the powers of the Trustees are not confined to the mere establishment and maintenance of a free school, or insti- tution for the education of poor children.; but that they may, when found proper and necessary to the end proposed, also adopt other means for the education of such poor children, in connection with such school or institution, and, as incidental thereto, including, among such other means, that so far relieving the wants of such poor children as to make their education practicable, when that end cannot be otherwise attained, and the proceeds of said fund are sufficient for that purpose. But the Court further advises, that the Trustees maintain and use, at all times, some suitable edifice, or edificeS, for instruction, and that when they see proper to dispense any part of said funds through other associations or persons, they retain in their own hands a supervisory power over them, and the right, at all times, to control their action. And it is further ordered and adjudged by the Court, that all the costs herein be paid by said Trustees, out of the proceeds of said trust fund.

MCINTIRE CHILDREN'S HOME.—The inception of this institution dates back to a time in June, 1865, when Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs. James, Mrs. Captain Hazlett, Mrs. D. Brown, Mrs. Louisa Brooks, Mrs. General Leggett, and Mrs. Joseph Black, convened, in one of the small rooms of the Second street M. E. Church, at which meeting Mrs. Van Buren was chosen President, and Mrs. James, Secretary. The result of this meeting was, that it should be ascertained what money could be raised for the purpose of caring for destitute children, to accomplish which, committees were appointed to solicit funds in each ward.

On July 24, 1865, a second meeting was held, in the same place, and a committee was appointed to prepare a suitable Constitution and By-Laws. The meeting also decided to invite the co-operation of Rev. Mr. Platt, Henry Blandy, C. W. Potwin, John Taylor, Jr., Joseph Black, General Leggett, Rev. Levitt, Alexander Grant, and others. July 31, of the same year, they met and perfected an organization, and adopted rules to govern the Home. The name selected was significant of their intent, viz. : "The Musking- um County Children's Home." The officers elected were :

Board of Control--Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs. Captain Hazlett, Mrs. Dr. Brown, Mrs. D. M. Leggett, Mrs. Benjamin Wheeler, Mrs. Brooks, and Mrs. Maginnis.

The first "Home was opened in Mrs. Flood's brick dwelling, on Market street, east of Blocksom alley. In the spring following, these rooms were found insufficient for the accommodation of the children, and the Board of Contrôl contracted with Stephen Harper for his five-acre lot, situated on the old Wheeling road, one mile east of the Court House, opposite Harris's brick-yard, upon which was a one-story, frame house, containing four rooms, for which property, was paid two thousand one hundred and fifty dollars.

Rules Governing the Institution.-Parents or guardians, or, if none, the Trustees of townships, or Infirmary Directors, are required to sign a paper of indenture, giving the child to the Trustees of the Home, to be placed in their care and protection, to feed, clothe, school, and care for, as their own children ; the Home to provide suitable homes for the children, among good and respectable people.

Such persons are required to enter into bond to take care of the child, or children, as though their own. The child is required to be industrious and obedient, and, when of age, the adopting parents are required to furnish two suits of clothes, one of which is to be new.

far as to see that the contract, on the part of those who adopt children, is complied with.

The importance of such an institution as the Children's Home having been demonstrated, as fulfilling the desires expressed in the will of John McIntire, who bequeathed his property for the benefit of poor children, the administrators of his estate generously came to the aid of the Board of Control, by paying the expenses, and affording such other assistance as was necessary to place the Home on a permanent basis.

September 4th, 1867, Mrs. Highfield resigned her Matronship, and Mrs. Ely (her daughter), was appointed to fill the vacancy, and Miss Kate Duross was appointed teacher.

In July, 1868, the McIntire trustees agreed to purchase and hold the mortgage debt of said Children's Home Association, and to contribute two thousand dollars a year to support the Home, the name being changed (May 16th, of the same year,) to McIntire Children's Home. After supporting the "Home" for eleven years, in the old frame building, in the fourth ward, the trustees became satisfied that a building ought to be constructed specially adapted for such purpose. The McIntire estate, having become the owner of "Woodside," a site containing some eigbt acres, and familiarly known as the homestead of Judge Richard Stillwell, and, subsequently, of Mr. Kaemmerer, the executors, by virtue of their official power, and in obedience to the intent of the testator, whose estate they control, set this tract apart for the "John McIntire Children's Home." Under legislative authority, the ground aforesaid was annexed to the city of Zanesville, and opened Kaemmerer avenue, which leads from the Home grounds to Adair avenue, thus bringing it into direct communication with the public highways of the city, while it is retired from the annoyances of a common public thoroughfare, and enjoys the delightful advantage of a suburban home, on a commanding eminence, amid the shade and beauty of luxuriant forest trees.

The executors made a contract with the County Commissioners, through a joint commission, consisting of Jeff. Van Home, on the part of the Commissioners, and C. C. Russell, M. M. Granger, and D. C. Converse, for McIntire Children's Home, as follows :

First—Said Association will build, during the year 1879, on lots 32, 33, 34, 35, 44, 45, and 46, Woodside (Kaemmerer's subdivision, recently annexed to Zanesville), a brick building, for said Home, suitable for the accommodation of one hundred children, and the necessary officerS and attendants of the Home, which building shall be the property of the McIntire estate, for the use of said Home.

Second—The Commissioners of Muskingum county, pursuant to act of February 11th, 1869 [Volume 66, Ohio Laws, page will aid said association in and about the erection of said building, pay to said association the sum of six thousand dollars, ($6,000.00), payable as follows, to wit : On or before the first day of May, A. D. 1879, the sum of two thousand dollars, ($2,000.00) ; on or before the first day of January, 1880, the sum of three thousand dollars, ($3,000.00) ; and the balance on or before the first day of July, 1880.

Third—Said association will receive into said Home, in the same manner as other children are, and have been, received, children within the ages fixed by the Statutes regulating the Children's Home, children from the County Infirmary, and keep, and maintain, and instruct them in like manner as they do unto and for other children admitted to said Home, and will maintain a school in said Home, as required by the State of Ohio touching said Home.

Fourth—Said County Commissioners will use all legal power of taxation that is, or may be, given them,, (By law), for the purpose of raising money to fulfill the following stipulations, and will pay it, from time to time, to said association, as raised, to wit : For salaries of Superintendent, Matron, and other necessary officers and attendants, not exceeding their pro rata share of said expenses, properly belonging to the children admitted from said Infirmary, not exceeding the sum of three thousand dollars, ($3 ,000.00), a year, for furnishing books, school apparatus,, etc., their proper cost for said children so received from said Infirmary Directors.

Approved by Commissioners Simms, Tanner, and Van Horne.—[Commissioner's journal, pages 405-6.

The new Home building was begun in June, 1879, and finished in August, 1880; the opening was celebrated, and it was dedicated by appropriate religious ceremonies, and a sense of relief came, lifting the shadows that over us roll.

The structure is one of the most beautiful in this vicinity ; the entire length is one hundred and twenty five feet, by ninety in width ; the basement is built of limestone, with range-work above the window sills. The east and west wings are two stories high ; the central portion is three stories high ; the roof is Mansard ; the walls are of brick, with handsome stone trimmings. In the architrave, over the main entrance, the name of the institution, "McIntire Children's Home," is cut in bold, stone lettering. The building fronts south, and the stone steps at the doorways are neat and remarkable for easy ascent and descent. The building contains thirty-five rooms. There are several avenues of escape in case of fire. The building is heated throughout by steam, from the boiler room, in the basement, and so perfect is the system that no accident can occur. The structure is to be lighted by gas, furnished from the pipes of the Zanesville Gas Light Company.

en, and is a substantial brick building, thirty-two feet square; and supplied with all the appliances necessary.

The school house, seventy-five yards east of the Home, is a handsome two-room edifice, with a capacity of one hundred children.

The Home farm comprises one hundred and four acres of land, and is in charge of two farm- ers, for whom neat tenement houses have been erected. Two new frame houses have been built, one for the janitor of the Home, the other for the overseer of the farm. They were constructed from the material of the large frame building which formerly occupied the site of the Home, built by the late Judge Stillwell. The barn and stables have been newly repaired and painted, new board fencing around the farm, picket fence around the Home building and grounds immediately attached, the lawn laid out in walks, and ornamented with evergreens, and, all in all, the new Home is a charming place.

Arrangements have been made with the Infirmary Directors, under authority vested in them, [see Section 976, Revised Statutes], to take into the Home the children that now are, or may here- after, come to the Infirmary, and care for them as other children.

Trustees—Moses M. Granger, Daniel Applegate, D. C. Conyers, R. S. Granger, Edward J. Brush, Charles C. Goddard, Charles H. Abbott, John R. Stonesipher, Charles C. Hildreth, Alexander Grant, and George W. Thompson. The officers of this Board are : President—Alexander Grant.

Board of Managers—Mrs. Stanberry, Mrs. G. N. Guthrie, Mrs. Robert Fulton, Mrs. James R. Peabody, Mrs. Laura Taylor, Mrs. Alexander SulliVan, Mrs. Thomas Griffith, and Messrs. A. Grant, Charles C. Goddard, and George W. Thompson.

NAVIGABLE CANALS-THE CANAL FUND-COMMISSIONERS OF-POWERS-WHAT THE COMMISSIONERS DID-COST OF MAKING THESE 1MPROVEMENTS-CONNECTION WITH THE NAVIGATION OF THE OHIO RIVER-REVENUE DERIVED FROM THE 1MPROVEMENT - TOLL RECEIPTS - TONNAGE TABLE-THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS.

February 4th, 1825, an act was ,passed by the Legislature of Ohio, "to provide for the internal improvement of the State of Ohio, by navigable canals," which is as follows :

SECTION 4. "That there shall be a Board of Commissioners, to be denominated the Commis- sioners of the Canal Fund, which Board shall consist of three members, each of whom shall take an oath, or affirmation, well and faithfully to execute the duties required of him by law, who shall continue in their appointment six years, and until their successors are appointed and qualified, which Board shall continue until the stock which shall be created, as hereinafter provided, shall be wholly paid and redeemed, and that the terms of service of the three persons first appointed, shall be so arranged that one of their terms of ser- vice shall expire at the end of two years, and one at the end of four years, and one at the end of six years, to be decided by lot, so that one of said Commissioners shall be appointed every two years, and should a vacancy happen in said Board by death, resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature, the Governor, for the time being, shall appoint a person, or persons, to fill such vacancy, until the Legislature shall act in the premises ; provided, that any of said Commis- sioners may be removed by joint resolution of both branches of the Legislature ; and that the following persons and their successors shall constitute said Board, to wit : Ethan A. Brown, Eb- enezer Buckingham, and Allen Trimble ; that a majority of said Commissioners shall be a quorum for the transaction of business ; they shall super- intend and manage the canal fund, and shall receive, arrange, and manage, to the best advantage, all things belonging thereto ; they shall borrow, from time to time, moneys on the credit of the State, at a rate of interest not exceeding six per centum per annum, and not exceeding, in the year eighteen hundred and twenty-five, the sum of four hundred thousand dollars, and in any succeeding year, during the progress of the work hereby contemplated, a sum which shall not exceed six hundred thousand dollars, for which moneys so to be borrowed, they shall issue transferable certificates of stock, redeemable at the pleasure of the State, at such time, between the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty and the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, as the said Commissioners of the Canal Fund may determine, to be paid out of said fund, and transferable at such place, or places, as, in the opinion of said Commissioners of the Canal Fund, shall best promote the interest of the State ; they shall pay the sums so borrowed to the Canal Commissioners, or their orders, for the purpose of making the canals hereinbefore described, under such regulations and restrictions as the Commissioners of the Canal Fund may deem necessary and proper, in order to secure the application of the money to the making of the canals.

SECTION 8. "That it shall be lawful for the said Canal Commissioners, and each of them by themselves, and by any and every superintendent, agent, or engineer employed by them, to enter upon, and take possession of, and use all and singular, any lands, waters, streams, and materials necessary for the prosecution of the improvements intended by this act ; and to make all such canals, feeders, dykes, locks, dams, and other works and devices, as they may think proper for mak-

ing such improvements, doing, nevertheless, no unnecessary damage ; and that in case any lands, waters, streams, or materials taken and appropriated, for any of the purposes aforesaid, shall not be given or granted to this State, it shall be the duty of the Canal Commissioners, on application being made to them by the owner, or owners, of any such lands, waters, streams, or materials, to appoint, by writing, not less than three, nor more than five, discreet, disinterested persons as appraisers, who shall, before they enter upon the duties of their appointment, severally take an oath, or affirmation, before some person authorized to administer oaths, faithfully and impartially to perform the trust and duties required of them by this act, a certificate of which oath, or affirmation, shall be filed with the Secretary of the Canal Commissioners ; and it shall be the duty of said appraisers, or a majority of them, to make a just and equitable estimate and appraisal, of damage, if any, over and above the benefit and advantage to the respective owners and proprietors, or parties interested in the premises, so required for the purposes aforesaid, and the said appraisers, or a majority of them, shall make regular entries of their determination and appraisal, with an apt and sufficient description of the several premises, appropriated for the purposes aforesaid, in a book, or books, to be provided by the Canal Commissioners, and certify and sign their names to such entries and appraisals, etc.

"In pursuance of this act, the Board made arrangements for taking levels, and making surveys and examinations necessary to ascertain the best plan, and probable cost, of improving that important river—the Muskingum. Mr. Joseph Ridgeway, Jr., was accordingly directed to proceed to the performance of this service. In this gentleman's skill the Board feels great confidence, and entertains no doubt but that his levelings and surveys are substantially correct. In adopting a plan for improving the size of the river, the nature of the valley, its banks and bed, and its connection with the Ohio river, have been taken into view. As the improvement of the Muskingum is designed, among other advantages, to connect the navigation of the Ohio river with that of the canal through the valley of the Muskingum, it is of primary importance that the improvement should be such as to afford a commodious navigation, either for boats of the canal, or the steamboats of the Ohio. The character of the valley, and the channel of the Muskingum, render it much cheaper to make a steamboat navigation in its channel, than a canal along its margin.

"The plan of improvements, therefore, which has been adopted, is to create, at all places in the channel of the river, by means of darns, a sufficient depth of water to admit the passage of steamboats of the size found most profitable for navigating the Ohio river, and construct the locks, and side cuts around the darns, of sufficient dimensions for that purpose.

"The channel of the river is sufficiently large for the convenient navigation of the largest steamboats, being, on an average, five hundred feet in breadth. The distance from Zanesville to the mouth of the river, at Marietta, following the meanderings of the river, is seventy- five miles and sixty-six chains. The amount of fall from the foot of the upper dam, at Zanesville, to the level of low-water mark at Marietta, is one hundred and four feet, and from the top of the Zanesville dam, one hundred and fifteen feet. To make slack water throughout this whole distance, if not less than four feet in depth, at the lowest stages of water, will require eleven dams across the river. The descent from the lower dam at Zanesville, may be overcome by twelve locks, the aggregate lift of which will be one hundred and four feet.

“The lowest estimated cost of making these improvements, from the lower bridge in Zanesville to the Ohio river, including ten per cent. on the net estimate, to cover unforeseen expenses, is $353,443.67.

"In order to connect the navigation of the Ohio river with the canal, it will be necessary to improve the river between Zanesville and Dresden, by the erection of one dam across the river between these two places, and the making of a lock, to overcome the fall ; together with a lock and an increase of the breadth of the canal, at Zanesville ; the total cost of which is estimated at $56,556.61.

"A side cut, or branch canal, of about two and a half miles in length, from the main canal to the Muskingum, at Dresden, with three boat locks, overcoming a descent of twenty-eight feet from the canal into the river, will be necessary, to perfect the plan. The cost of this side cut will be about thirty-five thousand dollars." The contract for building this side cut was at once let, to be completed September 1, 1829.

The question of this improvement' continued to be agitated until 1835, when the contracts were let, and work began. The contractors were : Josiah Spaulding, G. W. Manypenny ; Lyon, Buck & Wolf; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp, and Arthur and James Taggert. The whole work was under the personal supervision of David Bates, civil engineer.

In 1841, the work was so far advanced as to allow the passage of boats ; but it was not until a year later that the 'Muskingum Improvement' was entirely completed. The total cost was one million six hundred thousand dollars.

The revenue of the improvement is derived from tolls, similar to those collected on the Ohio Canal. The locks are located as follows : Dresden, Simms' Creek, Zanesville, Taylorsville, Eaglesport, McConnellsville, Windsor, Luke Chute, Beverly, Lowell, Devolt, and Harmar, There are two locks at Zanesville, and a dam near each of the locks named, except at Dres-

The lock-tenders at Zanesville have been : Major Horn, Henry Bridgeman, William Stokes, and George Shrack. The latter, now seventy-five years of age, has performed the du- ties faithfully, during twenty-four years past.

TOLL RECE1PTS.-The receipts during the year 1879, from tolls and water rents, on Division No. 2, of the Public Works of Ohio, which embraces the Ohio and Hocking Canals, and the Muskingum Improvement, aggregated $35,- 084.99, divided as follows :

TONNAGE TABLE.-The following table shows the amount of business done at the Collector's office in Zanesville-the shipments and receipts during the year 1879 :

The Muskingum Improvement is now under control of the Board of Public Works, which is composed as follows :

The following are the Superintendents : N. Hoagland, Akron ; Thomas West, Canal Dover ; Samuel Galloway, Newark ; W. E. Mead, Columbus; H. White, Logan ; E. W. Sprague, Lowell ; R. N. Andrews, Hamilton ; Jarvis Landon, Piqua ; George Long, Toledo ; N. C. West, Fremont.

THE CENTRAL OHIO-CINCINNATI AND MUSKINGUM VALLEY - PITTSBURGH, CINCINNAT1 AND ST. LOUIS-ZANESVILLE AND SOUTHEASTERN.

The history of thc railroads of the county shows them to have been powerful agencies in developing the resources, the growth, and prosperity of the industries and institutions, the march of mind, and the increase of wealth, while the increased facilities for transporting the products of the soil, other merchandise, and easy transit of passengers, seem almost too familiar to be duly appreciated. And yet, a careful contemplation of this important factor in our present civilization, shows that railways, which have inaugurated the new order of things, have rarely been beneficiaries to a degree commensurate with the outlay of money and brains required to put them in operation and keep them up.

Live and let live, is a wholesome maxim, and, while the railroad remains our best means of transport communication, it should receive a generous patronage, at a living tariff. Of seventy- two companies in Ohio, reporting to the Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs, for the last fiscal year, the operating expenses were 67.45 per cent. of the receipts, and only thirteen of the seventy-two companies report paying dividends to their stock-holders.

The Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley, hav- ing 26.61 miles of main track, and 2.90 miles of siding.

The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis, having 14.09 miles of main track, and 2.66 miles of siding.

With a total of main track of 73.40 miles, and 11 .63 miles of siding, or, 85.03 miles of track in all.

THE CENTRAL OHIO RAILROAD .-On February 8th, 1847, the Legislature of Ohio passed "an act to incorporate the Central Ohio Railroad Company." This was the pioneer railroad of the county, and its intorporators were : Robert Neil, Samuel Medary, Joel Buttles, Joseph Ridgway,

and Bela Latham, of Franklin county ; David Smith, Daniel Duncan, Adam Seymour, Israel Dille, Albert Sherwood, Nathaniel B. Hogg, Levi J. Haughey, Jacob Glessner, George W. Penney, Jonathan Taylor, A. P. Prichard, and Wickliff Condit, of Licking county ; James Ra- guet, Robt. Mitchell, Daniel Brush, John Hamm, Solomon Sturges, Richard Stillwell, Daniel Conyers, Levi Claypool, and Solomon Woods, of Muskingum county.

Authority was given to these incorporators, and their successors, to construct a single, or double, track railroad from Columbus, through Newark and Zanesville, to the Ohio river ; also, to extend it westward to the Indiana line, if desired.

March 8th, 1849, the charter was amended by conferring upon the company all the privileges of an act regulating railroad companies, and sub- jecting it to the duties and liabilities therein im- posed.

On March 20th, 1850, the charter was further amended, giving to the company perpetual li- cense to occupy its right of way, where no re- lease had been obtained from the owner, provid- ed the .company had possessed the same peace- ably for seven years, without any claim being made by the owner for compensation therefor, and "such possession shall be _prima facie evi- dence that a release was granted:"

In March, 1851, an agent was sent to England, with authority to purchase six thousand tons of iron rails, to complete the road to Columbus, it be- ing supposed that the entire quantity could be delivered before the close of navigation, in the fall of 1851 ; these expectations were notl-ealized, and it was not until March, 1852, that the entire consignment was received, although thirty-nine vessels were occupied in its transportation.

The construction of the road was commenced at Newark, and, on January 26th, 1852, the line between Newark and Zanesville was opened for business—"in less than twenty-one months after the commencement of the work," as the official report boastingly asserts. Twenty-six miles of railroad, built in twenty-one months, is no achievement in modern railroad engineering, when one mile a day is frequently accomplished.

The first report of the Treasurer, showing the operations of the road from January 26th to August 1st, 1852, for the operated line between New- ark and Zanesville, gives the following restime

Passenger and freight receipts, $17,566.91 mail service, $2,072.92. Total revenue, $19,639.83.

Equivalent to six per cent, interest on a valuation of $480,000, which amount, the Treasurer suggests, is more than the road cost.

The President, in his report, presented at the same time, comments upon the road's prospects, when its connections east and west shall have been consummated, and of its geographical posi- tion, as commanding the best through line of the country. He says : "An indication of this result is already presented us, within the last few days, since the opening of travel over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the Monongahela river. We are now carrying passengers ticketed from Baltimore to Cincinnati, who, leaving the Balti- more road at Fetterman, take coaches to St. Mary's, on the Ohio river, from which place to Zanesville, by way of Marietta, they are brought in the mail steam packets of the Muskingum. If we can have through travel between Baltimore and the west by so circuitous a route, what shall we not have reason to expect when the Baltimore road is finished to Wheeling, and ten hours staging only (over the National Road, which is kept in excellent condition), intervenes between the Baltimore and the Central roads ?"

January 8th, 1853, the track-laying to Columbus was completed, and the road opened for busi- ness between Zanesville and Columbus. From that date to August 23d, 1853, 60,314 passengers were carried over the line.

Early in 1854, it became known that the company had contracted for a lot of rolling stock from eastern manufacturers, and on Saturday, March 25th, 1854, a mass meeting was held at Nevitt & Dixon's Hall, to protest against this action of the company. A very lengthy series of resolutions were adopted, condemning the President of the company, whose action was characterized as dis- honorable in the highest degree, and the Directors were urged to solicit his resignation. Numerous speeches were made, and C. W. Potwin, Joseph Galligher, George A. Jones, William H. Ball, David Applegate, and J. Cooper were appointed a committee to prepare an address to the stock-holders. The Zanesville City Council discussed the subject, and the excitement was in- tense against the company. The newspapers were filled with editorials and contributed matter, and some cultivated the muses by writing verses upon the all-absorbing theme. The President replied to the charges, and vindicated himself from the aspersions cast upon him—at least, iri the opinion of a majority of the stock-holders of the company, if not in that of the citizens of Zanes- ville.

On Wednesday, April 5th, 1854, the first freight hauled over the line east of Zanesville, arrived at this city at 4 o'clock, P. M., and consisted of the goods of T. W. Peacock, Esq., President of the P., M. & C. Railroad Company, en route to McConnellsville.

Thursday, April 27th, 1854, the opening of the road to Cambridge was celebrated ; the depot grounds at Zanesville were filled, at an early hour, with crowds of people from home and abroad. The two Zanesville military companies —the City Guards and Greens—marched to the cars in full uniform, to the stirring notes of martial music, and the National colors at their head.

About 8 :30, A. M., the locomotive, John Bradley, started with the train, and arrived at Cambridge in safety and on good time, where the excursionists were met with a crowd, if anything, more dense than the one they had left at home. It was with the greatest difficulty that sufficient space could be secured for the military to form, but it was successfully accomplished, and a tiro-

cession formed, the military leading, and citizens in the rear. Speeches were made at the court house, and dinner served to the visitors. The hour set for the return of the train was 4 :30 P. M., and the military, presuming themselves secure, were tardy in re-forming, so that when they arrived at the brow of the hill at the depot, they espied the train on its return, at a distance. There was no remedy but to remain Cambridge's guests until the following morning, when they were brought to tbeir homes by that ancient model of a conductor, Frank J. Terry, Esq.

On Wednesday, June 7th, 1854, the road was opened for business to Cambridge, and on November 1st, succeeding, the first train of cars was run through from Columbus to Bellaire.

June 19th, 1857, a contract was entered into with the Steubenville and Indiana Railroad Company to carry all the traffic that road would bring, at Columbus or Newark, over the road between these points, with the same dispatch and care that the Central Ohio Company's business was done, and divide with that company the proceeds of such service, in proportion to the miles run over each road.

The company having become very much embarrassed and unable to meet its obligations, on April 21 st, 1858, suit was brought in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the Southern District of Ohio, by the Trustee under one of the mortgages, for the purchase of the mortgage and sale of the road. On May 1st, following, the court placed the road in the hands of Hon. J. Jewett, as Receiver, to be operated for the benefit of parties interested. In his report for the fiscal year, 1860-61, Mr. Jewett says : "This line has suffered more, perhaps, in its ordinary business, from the unhappy state of things in this country, than any one west of the Ohio river. Its main dependence for a through business, to and from the east, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, has, for some months past, been wholly disabled. Until that road is again able to resume business, this cannot expect to regain the position and character of a through route, which it had enjoyed previous to the obstructions which have been interposed to the working and operating of that road."

On March 14th, 1864, the undivided one-half of the thirty-three miles of road, between Newark and Columbus, was sold to the Steubenville & Indiana Railroad Company, and on August 31st, 1864, the deed for the same was executed.

A plan for the reorganization, and capitalization of the stock and debt, of the Central Ohio Railroad, having been agreed upon, in pursuance of orders of the court, a sale of the road was made March 28th, 1865, to certain Trustees, for the benefit of the parties in interest. On

November 1st, 1865, the Central Ohio Railroad Company, as reorganized, was formed. To it the old company conveyed its right and franchises on November 8th, and on January 29th, 1866, the new company was placed in possession of the property, by order Of the court.

November 21st, 1866, at a meeting of the stockholders, the lease of the road to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company was concurred in by a vote of 43,213 shares, none against, and on December 1st, 1866, the Baltimore & Ohio Company began operating the road, as its Central Ohio Division. This lease was subsequently modified, February 13th, 1869, and under the management of the lessee, the road has been materially improved. Its rolling stock has been increased ; wooden culverts have been replaced with stone ones, and iron bridges are being substituted for the original wooden structures ; neat and commodious passenger and ware-house accommodations have been provided, at the now important points ; steel rails and the improved iron splice have taken the place of the old iron rail and chair, or wooden block-, and, in its present condition, the Central Ohio Railroad is one of the best equipped and most safely conducted roads in the Union.

CINCINNAT1 AND MUSKINGUM VALLEY RAILROAD.-On February 4th, 1851, the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville Railroad Company was chartered, with power to construct a railroad from Cincinnati, via Wilmingion, Washington, Circleville and Lancaster, to Zanesville, and, under this authority, a railroad was built from Zanesville to Morrow, in Warren county, a distance of 132 miles. where it connects with the Little Miami Railroad.

The stock subscriptions, and a large amount derived from the sales of first, second and third mortgage bonds, were expended in the construction and equipment of the road, and the company being unable to comply with the conditions of the mortgage, which had been given to secure the bonds, the Trustees under them, by bill in chancery, prosecuted, February 22d, 1857, in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the Southern District of Ohio, which resulted in a decree being made on March 3d, 1857, appointing a Receiver in the case, with authority to take possession of the road and property, and operate the road for the interest of all parties concerned.

Under this, and subsequent orders of the court, the Receiver continued to operate the road until a plan of reorganization was perfected, under which, by decree, June l0th, 1863, the court ordered the mortgaged premises, including the franchises of the company, to be sold, such sale to free the same from all debts and liabilities. In pursuance of these proceedings, a sale was made, August 27th, 1863, to Charles Moran, in trust for such creditors and stock-holders as should reorganize as a body corporate, to run and carry on the railroad under the charter. October 17th, 1863, the court confirmed the sale, and directed the Receiver to make the conveyance to the Trustee.

On March loth, 1864, the parties interested in the purchase, met at Cincinnati, and organized the Cincinnati & Zanesville Railroad Company, under the franchises of the Cincinnati, Wilming-

ton and Zanesville Company, and to it, March 12th, 1864, Charles Moran, Trustee, deeded property held by him in trust.

Doubts having existed whether the franchise of the original company was well vested in the new company, the Director of the former formally conveyed the same to the re-organized com- pany.

The new company issued new bonds and new stock, and failing in the payment of its indebted- ness, a bill was filed by the Trustee, under the new mortgage against the company, April 30, 1869, for the foreclosure of mortgage and sale of the road ; October 6, 1869, the Court fixed a time for payment, and in default, directed the road to be sold, the company having failed to make payment; on October 16, 1869, an order of sale was issued, and on December 1, 1869, Thomas L. Jewett purchased the mortgaged premises, prop- erty, franchises, etc., for $1,400,000, which purchase was confirmed by the Court the succeeding day, and the property ordered to be deeded to him.

Mr. Jewett operated the road in his individual capacity until September 1, 1870, when the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Railway Company came into possession of the road, which company continued to operate it until May. 1, 1873, when it passed into the hands of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis 'Railway Company, under lease for ninety-nine years from January 1, 1873, and is operated as the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Division.

The Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Com- pany constructed the "Dresden Extension."

PITTSBURGH, CINCINNAT1 & ST. LOUIS RAILWAY-The Steubenville & Indiana Railroad Com- pany was chartered February 24, 1848, by the Legislature of Ohio, with authority to construct a railroad from Steubenville, via. Mt. Vernon,to the Indiana State line. March 12, 1849, the charter, was amended, permitting the construction of a branch road from Coshocton, via. Newark, to Columbus, provided that any company thereafter constructing a road from the Ohio river, opposite Wheeling, by specified routes, should have the right to connect such road with the Steubenville & Indiana Company, at any point in the valley of the Tuscarawas river. Permission and authority were also given, with the consent of the Virginia Legislature, to bridge the Ohio at Steubenville, to connect with eastern roads, said bridge not to obstruct navigation.

Under these, and other amendatory acts, the rOad was constructed from Steubenville to New- ark, 117 square miles, but the company becom- ing unable to meet its liabilities, September 2, 1859, suit was brought in the Harrison County Common Pleas Court for the foreclosure of mortgages, and sale of the road. The Court appointed Thomas L. Jewett, President of the company, Receiver, and the road was operated by him, under direction of the Court.

A plan for the adjustment of the liabilities and re-organization of the company having been perfected, an order was issued by the Court, January 6, 1864, directing a sale of the entire prop- erty and road of the company, lying between Steubenville and Newark, and on February 27, 1864, J. Edgar Thomson, H. M. Alexander and George W. McCook, purchased it for certain mortgage creditors, for $1,908,889. This sale the Court did not confirm, and the road continued to be operated by the Receiver.

The Court having approved of the project to purchase one-half interest in the thirty-three miles of road owned by the Central Ohio Company, between Newark and Columbus, that out- let was secured.

March 24, 1849, the Legislature of Pennsylvania chartered the Pittsburgh & Steubenville Railroad Company, and on December 30, 1857, it entered into an agreement with the Western Transportation Company, of Pennsylvania, to construct a single track railroad between Pittsburgh and Steubenville, and equip and operate the same for twenty years; on March 6, 1867,this road was sold under first mortgage, and the Pan-Handle Railway Company was incorporated to

On March 30, 186o, the Virginia Legislature incorporated the Halliday's Cove Railroad Company, with valuable franchises between Pitts- burgh and Steubenville.

On October 1, 1865, an agreement was made between the Steubenville & Indiana, Halliday's Cove, and the Pittsburgh & Steubenville roads, to operate the three lines, extending from Columbus, Ohio, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, under the name of the Pittsburgh, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad.

March 17, 1868, the Pan-Handle, Halliday's Cove, and Steubenville & Indiana companies made another agreement for a consolidation: the stockholders of the several lines having ratified the agreement, and the proper legal steps having been taken to perfect the consolidation, the Pittsburgh., Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company came into existence, and subsequently absorbed the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley road.

ZANESVILLE & SOUTHEASTERN RAILWAY.- The subscribers to the stock of this railway had a meeting at tbeir room, over McCann Bros. & Hazlett's, October 24, 1881. The meeting was called to order by Mr. James Herdman. Mr. F. J. L. Blandy was elected Chairman, and John Hoge, Esq., Secretary. By-laws and rules pre- scribed by Col. Churchill were adopted, and then the meeting proceeded to the election of Direc- tors, with the following result : M. Churchill, James Herdman, Francis Wedge, W. A. Gra- ham, J. W. Pinkerton, George M. Jewett, John Whitney and Oliver Tucker, being elected.

Meeting of the Directors.-The first regular meeting of the Direetors of the Zanesville & Southeastern Railway was held at their rooms, at 7 o'clock of the day of organization. Present -Messrs. M. Churchill, James Herdman, W. A. Graham, Francis Wedge, J. W. Pinkerton, John Hoge, and John Whitney, of Morgan county. The Board organized by the election of

Amid the prosy pursuits of the historian few opportunities afford him equal pleasure to the privilege of reviewing something of the lives, the associations, the peculiarities and achievements of men who have worthily earned honored distinction on the scroll of fame, particularly as benefactors of the human family at large. In this relation it offers us pleasure to recognize the name of Dr. H. Schoene, of Zanesville, Ohio, who, together with his estimable son, J. Z. Schoene, under the firm style of Dr. H. Schoene & Son, are extensively engaged in the manufacture and circulation of a marvelous panacea for almost every ailment in life, and extensively known as Dr. Schoene's Invaluable Vegetable Pain Destroyer, the Great Ohio Liniment and Anti-Dyspeptic. The Doctor, as his name infers, is a native of Germany, where he received a liberal education, espousing citizenship under the " glorious stars and stripes" in 1849. Ever having been an apt scholar and diligent student in the pursuit of botany, coupled with the scientific application of Esculapius' art, he has perfected an absolute miracle in the grand remedy referred to. For over thirty-five years has his Great Vegetable Pain Destroyer been before the public, and to-day stands a veritable panacea for every human ill.

The Doctor is remarkably retired and unassuming in private life, being a great reader and close student in nature's broad garden. To this may be largely ascribed the wonderful success of his great remedy, particularly as he assumes no active professional practice outside the manufacture of his specialty preparations. He also has an extensive sale for his Sure and Safe Cure for Worms, as also Dr. Schoene's Anti-Bilious and Liver Pills, the whole of which preparations are put up with a scrupulous oare and neatness absolutely un-equaled by any other reliable standard preparations in America. The greatest feature with Dr. Schoene's preparations is the fact that they have never required the backing of capital, or yet been dependent upon advertising for notoriety, but in long years past have won their own renown, and engrafted themselves so thoroughly into public confidence that the demand for them, in this day, actually taxes his energies to the utmost to keep pace with the increasing demand In comparative humble, rural seclusion, he conducts his studies, researches, and the functions of his laboratory, with the great God of Nature for his sole guide and instructor, while Providence seems to boun- tifully bless his labors. Well may the human family accord to him such universal confidence, and his preparations such bountiful patronage, as from past and present indications they are yet destined to a National reputation second to no other specifics ever yet introduced to the public.

Col. M. Churchill, President ; James Herdman, Vice President ; W. A. Graham, Treasurer ; John Hoge, Secretary.

After the discussion of some private business, it was agreed that the different townships along the line must come up with their respective amounts in donations and subscriptions before any positive steps would be taken to build the road. The meeting then adjourned,subject to the call of the President.

MUSKINGUM COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY— FIRST EXHIBITION—OHIO STATE FAIR—THE OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION—EASTERN MUSKINGUM AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY—POMOLOGY—THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.—This Society was organized January 21, 1848, under an Act of the Legislature " for the encouragement of agriculture, passed February 28, 1846.

The Board of Managers, acting in conjunction with these officers, were : Caleb Hall, of Blue Rock township ; Matthew Gillespie, of Springfield township ; Philo Buckingham, of Wayne township ; Benjamin Wheeler, of Zanesville ; Isaac Dillon, of Fall township ; all of whom are dead.

The first formal exhibition, or fair, under the auspices of this society, was held in the autumn of 1848, although informal exhibitions of the agricultural interests of the county, were held in two or three preceding years. There are no records in possession of the present officers of the society of its proceedings from the time of organization, until 1865. In that year, James Buckingham was President, Valentine Best was Treasurer and F. A. Seborn was Secretary.

The first exhibition of the society was held in the old Market House. The first fair grounds were situated in Springfield township, on what is now known as Luck avenue, and comprised about twenty acres of ground, the same now owned by Howard Stanberry. These grounds, proving too small, were sold, and the present beautiful and commodious tract, situate about a half mile south of the former site, on the old Cooper Mill road, was purchased, and the necessary buildings erected.

During the war of the Rebellion, the fairs were discontinued several years, and the fair grounds made a military camp, designated " Camp Goddard," in honor of General Charles B. Goddard. December 23, 1865, the Board of Directors organized and elected the following officers :

From this date, the society has held regular annual fairs. In December, 1866, the Board of Directors elected the following officers :

In 1867, these officers were re-elected, excepting the President, to which place Valentine Best was chosen.

F. A. Seborn served as Secretary continuously more than ten years, and to him, more than to any other man, is due the prosperity of the society. He originated the present method of book-keeping, which was adopted by the society.

In 1874, the officers were continued, except that T. F. Spangler was chosen Secretary.

From 1874 to 1881, the officers remained the same, except the Treasurer, Mr. Poundstone, who declined to serve, and Charles Gorsuch was elected in 1876.

At the meeting of the Directors in January, 1881, the President, John M. Lane, whose term extended into 1882, announced his intention of resigning his position in the Board, and his office as President (which he had filled for ten years), giving as his reason for so doing, that age precluded that active interest in the affairs of the society, that he deemed necessary.

Mr. Lane was largely instrumental in clearing off the heavy indebtedness of the society ; and during his administration, the fair grounds were very greatly improved, and he left the society in the ownership of most excellent fair

grounds, embracing about forty-three acres of land, said to be worth from fifteen to twenty thousand dollars.

The first premium list of the society amounted to four hundred dollars. The list of premiums for 1881, aggregated nearly three thousand dollars. The premiums being increased, the society has prospered.

At the annual election of five members of the Board, September 8th, 1881, during the fair, the Directors whose terms expire in 1881, were re- elected by handsome majorities.

The Directors re-elected were : J. B. Tannehill, T. J. Spangler, H. C. Chappelear, J. B, Milhons.

THE EASTERN MUSKINGUM AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.—This Society was organized the 7th of August, 1889, and elected the following persons as officers :

Marshals of the Association—W. J. Mason, J. Cline, T. Stewart, Joseph White, Thomas Marshall and Jesse Wortman.

The first fair was given September 29, 1880, on grounds near Norwich, owned by L. D. Stoner, and was well attended. The receipts were near four hundred dollars, and the society had a surplus of eighty-nine dollars in the Treasury, after paying all expenses.

April 23d, 1881, the society formed a stock company, for the ensuing five years, the mem- bership paying ten dollars each, for the pur- poses named. The company organized with sixty-five members, and elected the following officers :

And a Board of Directors as follows : J. White, T. Stewart, D. Hadden, W. P. Self, James Geyer, Jr., R. Buchanan and Alfred Wymer.

This organization leased grounds of L. D. Stoner, and propose erecting permanent build- ings thereon, for the purpose of holding annual fairs.

POMOLOGY AND THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY [BY JOHN GILBERT] .—A century ago, one looking over the grand old for- ests of Eastern and Central Ohio, would scarcely have thought of fruit as a feature of the landscape. Once this land had been occupied by the semi-nomadic mound builders. They, it might have been supposed, would have ornamented those mounds, we see around us, with some fruit-bearing tree or vine, new to the region. They died and left no such sign. Pomona had planted a few grape and strawberry vines, and where she could find room had cultivated a few papaws, and had been quite generous in the distribution of nuts and blackberries, and the supply was often beyond the demand, since the squirrels and birds, and a few wandering red men, were the only customers.

Old Time yawned lazily under the great trees, scarcely noting the eventful days as they expand- ed into weeks, months, years, and ages, but about a hundred years ago, a sharp, ringing sound, an unknown voice, came echoing through the forest strongholds, which startled him as with an electric touch, and he knew instinctively that a revolution was at hand. The white man had come. He carried a rifle—an insignificant toy— but the deadly weapon, whose voice awakened Old Time, and sent a despairing shiver through the heart of the huge trunk of the lordly oak, was this invader's pitiless axe. The fire, another agency almost as destructive, was engaged as an ally, and blackened patches appeared in the woodland, in which sprang up rude cabins, shade- less and grim as the stumps about them. These clearings, ever widening as they steadily en- croached upon the forest domain, grew gradually softer in their features. They bore corn and veg- etables, and supported life of man and beast ; but it was a homely and prosaic life. Fruit—Po- mona's generous gift, the poetry of food—was lacking.

An eccentric philanthropist, a Santa Claus in buckskins—they called him "Johnny Appleseed" —following the forest trails, sought out the little homesteads in Muskingum and adjoining coun- ties. The pioneer, dimly guessing at the value of the precious seeds he gave them, planted them in the rich virgin soil, and ere long the prospective Edens had something to tempt the youthful Eves and Adams of those primitive days,

These forest openings expanded and began to touch each other. Isolated life was passing away. People reached out and grasped the hands of neighbors, and there were common interests ; the social instinct asserted itself. They coveted fruit and flowers. The horticulturist is by act, and should be by intuition, a philanthropist, as well as a utilitarian, with thought of pleasing his friends, as well as himself; even if he begin with a selfish end in view, his occupation and experi- ence will develop generosity, if there is a spark of manliness in his nature. These nobler in- stincts led to consultations and plans, and mutual assistance for the introduction of more and bet- ter fruit, and, naturally enough, the acquisition of the apple orchard was the first thought. There was abundant room for large ones, for the old allies, the axe and the fire, had never ceased from their warfare. The grand old forests dwindled into isolated groves, and seemed not only likely to be annihilated, but considered as a myth of legendary days. Population began to crowd against itself, even in rural life. Individual enterprises,

with better facilities than of old, were introducing new varieties of fruit. The delicate peach accepted their invitation, with modest timidity, and, for her charming grace, was crowned queen of summer fruits. Some aristocratic strawberry families, after traveling abroad and graduating in eastern pomological universities, came back, to put to shame by their magnificence, the simple charms of their rustic cousins at home. The accomplished French pears came over the seas and banished, by their courtly presence, the boorish roughs of the backwoods varieties. The grape fraternity, by immigration and mutual improvement association, became refined in horticultural morals. The great apple family, with a record coeval with the advent of humanity, reformed their habits, and have ceased to tempt mankind to their ruin.

Pomona was amazed at the diversity of feature and disposition of her numerous children, and in ecstacies over their varied accomplishments. She found homes in Muskingum county for every variety of fruit that can be grown in the temperate zone. Some are nestling on sunny hillsides, and in the warm valleys ; many more prefer the free air of the hill-tops, while some indolent spring-sleepers choose northern exposures for a home. The diversified scenery affords a choice for all.

Agriculture has, indeed, its poetic side. The fruit raiser is an actor in a perpetual romance. From the time of the exuberant blossoming of trees and vines, to the development and consummation of fruitage, he dwells in an elysium of beauty, fragrance, and luxury.. It is not strange, therefore, that horticulture became fascinating— drawing to itself the best and most generous of the agriculturists. Although its practical working became complicated, as the vast array of fruit varieties demanded recognition, and admission into the best circles of pomological society. Caution became necessary, to guard against the admission of vagabond adventurers, as well as to encourage respectable fruit families to settle. Thoughtful people saw the advantage of mutual help in welcoming friends and keeping out intruders. Such aid, to be permanently useful, needs organization ; hence, it was determined to form a "horticultural society." We will look in upon one of their meetings on a summer day. The host greets us with cordial welcome ; the scene is festive. Beneath the great shade trees, on chairs, benches, and rustic seats, we meet the reverend sire, the stately matron, the middle-aged manliness, and youth in vigor, graceful maidenhood, and happy childhood. In the centre of this joyous throng is Pomona's shrine. The tables groan with offerings. The finest of all the fruits are there, and, as if conscious objects of admiration; they look their best, in honor of their respective donors, and in emulation of each other. The president is affable, everybody is genial, and we are with friends, All questions relating to fruit raising, the best varieties, the adaptability of soil anti climate, the dangers from insects, frost and drouth, are, from time to time, thoroughly discussed. One may learn much of the art of husbandry, as well as fruit. Meanwhile there are croquet parties, and young people find pleasant walks in shady groves, in orchards and gardens —we need not think they waste time—good husbandry may come of that, too ! In due time the great picnic feast is spread ; offerings of fruit are made, and there is no lack of tempting viands. The envious sun now seems in haste to leave us, and, unless we wish to linger with those who will prolong the festivities into the night, the time to part has come.

Among those who have given attention to fruit growing in "ye olden time" were John McIntire, John Mathews, Isaac Van Horne, John Townsend, William Culbertson, Isaac Dillon, Charles Gilbert, Seth Adams, and Rev. C. Springer. Of the present day, Thomas McLees, C. Hall, Levi Scott, N. F. Claypool, James Heenan, Martin Hoosan, John Granger, and Henry Gray.

The Muskingum County Horticultural Society was organized about seventeen years ago, by Messrs. Imlay, Graham, G. W. Townsend, J. Jacobs Moore, Dr. Hildreth and others. Mr. Imlay was the first President ; G. W. Townsend, the first Secretary.

WAVERLY CONGLOMERATES AT BLACK HAND THE STRATA OF COAL MEASURES AT HIGH HILL, MEIGS TOWNSHIP, AND IN THE VALLEY OF JONATHAN'S CREEK—NO WIDE MARKED CONGLOMERATE AT THE BASE OF THE COAL MEASURES 1N MUSKINGUM COUNTY—A GREATER OR LESS DEVELOPMENT OF NEARLY EVERY COAL SEAM 1N THE SECOND GEOLOGICAL DISTRICT FOUND 1N MUSKINGUM COUNTY—A SEAM OF COAL UNDER PUTNAM HILL—PUTNAM HILL LIMESTONE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY—COAL SEAM 1N BRUSH CREEK TOWNSHIP FOUR FEET THICK— THE LARGEST DEPOSIT OF LIMESTONE 1N NEWTONVILLE ANd VICINITY—FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE IN NEWTON TOWNSHIP—MUSKINGUM COUNTY MUCH BETTER SUPPLIED WITH LIMESTONE THAN MANY COUNTIES OF THE STATE— 1RON ORE OF EXCELLENT QUALITY— DRIFT TERRACES ALONG THE BANKS OF THE MUSKINGUM GEOLOGICAL SECTION NEAR THE FORKS OF MILL RUN 1N THE CORPORATE LIMITS OF ZANESVILLE —ANALYSIS OF 1RON ORE ON SLAGO'S RUN—GEOLOGICAL SECTION ON THE ADAMSVILLE ROAD —ALSO ON PUTNAM HILL—SIDERITE ORE FROM IVES' RUN, ZANESVILLE—OBSERVATIONS OF GEOLOGISTS—DRIFT—THE TERRACES IN THE OLDEN TIME—COAL FORMATION—THE PRODUCTIVE COAL MEASURES—THE MANUFACTURE OF 1RON—THE PROCESS OF MAKING STEEL.

The subjoined report is by E. B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist. Chapter XII., Vol. 1, Page 314, et seq. Geological survey of Ohio, 1873.

"Only that part of the county which lies south of the Central Ohio railroad, belongs to the Second Geological District."

In many respects, this county is one of the most interesting in the district to the geologist. It presents a greater vertical range of strata than any other county. As we descend the valley of the Licking river, from Licking county, we find the Waverly sandstone group dipping but slight- ly to the southeast, probably not more than ten or twelve feet per mile, and, as a consequence of this slight dip, we find the upper member of the group which overlies the Waverly conglomerate, seen at Black Hand, extending to the neighborhood of Pleasant Valley, before it passes beneath the surface. Upon the Logan, or Upper Waverly, rest the proper coal measures, which, from that point, extend to the eastern line of the coun- ty beyond. By careful measurements, we find, as we climb higher and higher in the series, that on reaching the top of High Hill, in Meigs town- ship, we have surmounted one thousand and ninety feet of the strata of the coal measures. Another interesting fact is revealed in the valley of Jonathan's Creek, in the township of Newton, in the existence of Newtonville limestone, which lies at the base of the coal measures. The Newtonville limestone is the equivalent of the Maxville limestone, found at Maxville, in the south- western part of Perry county. It is always found resting upon the Logan or Upper Waverly, or in close proximity to it. The dip of the strata from the western edge of the coal field, in western Per- ry county, is so slight that even the very base of the measures has not been carried down below drainage in the deep Jonathan Creek Valley. East of the Muskingum river, the dip is greater, as seen in the coal mines. But not far from the east line of Muskingum county we find, in places, evidence of a reversed dip. If we follow the line of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Railroad from the west, we find at Bremen, the Logan, or Upper Waverly strata, at the base of all the hills, while at the tunnel, east of New Lexington, we are several hundred feet up in the coal measures. From the east, in the low valley of the Moxahala, we find between the railroad and Newtonville, the Newtonville limestone, which rests upon the Upper Waverly. We thus pass upon the Upper Waverly over several hundred feet of coal measures, and down to the Wa- verly again. The Newtonville limestone is one of the most interesting deposits in the State. It contains many characteristic fossils, by which its equivalency with the lower carboniferous lime- stone of the west has been determined. Prof. Meek, who has studied the fossils, regarded them as those characterizing the Chester and St. Louis groups, of Illinois and Missouri.

There is not found, generally, any wide mark- ed conglomerate at the base of the coal measures in Muskingum county. The conglomerate at Black Hand, which was formerly regarded as a coal measures conglomerate, proves to belong to the Waverly formation, as has been shown in former reports. This Waverly conglomerate is a well marked sub-division of the Waverly group, and has a wide extent.

In Muskingum county, we find, in a greater or less development, nearly every leading coal seam in the Second Geological District. Many seams, thick elsewhere, are very thin here, and in one or two instances we find seams, thin elsewhere, un- usually thick here. This continuity of seams in the same geological horizons, shows how wide-spread were the coal-producing marshes. The lowest coal seams, of which there are three in Jackson county, of great purity and value, are represented in Muskingum county, only by the merest traces of coal. No seam of coal of much value is found until we rise in the upward series to the vicinity of the Putnam Hill limestone, under which is a seam of coal, generally thin, and often wanting altogether, but sometimes increasing to a good workable thickness. This is Mr. Porter's coal, in Hopewell township.

Putnam Hill limestone is everywhere found in the county at its proper geological horizon, and is an excellent geological guide in finding the po- sitions of strata above and below it.

The next seam of coal above the Putnam Hill limestone, thick enough for working, is what is, in Perry county, termed the lower New Lexing- ton seam. * * The upper New Lexington coal seam is the equivalent of the Nelsonville seam, and of the great seam at Straitsville, and in the Upper Sunday Creek Valley, having in its wide extent through southern Ohio, various fortunes of thickness and quality. Both the upper and lower New Lexington seams are mined near Zanesville.

Higher up, we find only traces of the Norris, or Middle seam, of the Sunday Creek Valley. Above this, we have, in the Alexander coal, the representative of a seam widely spread. The Alexander coal is in some places over six feet thick. In Brush Creek township, there is a seam seventy feet above the Alexander seam, which is reported to be four feet thick. In other counties a seam is found on this horizon, but it was not found elsewhere in Muskingum county. About fifty feet higher, or 120 feet above the Alexander seam, is a well defined coal seam, ever holding its true place in the series, but it is generally quite tbin. This seam is found in Guernsey county, but not in Morgan. About forty-five feet higher is another seam thick enough to warrant mining for local use, a seam found in several counties, but generally quite thin. This is twenty-five or thirty feet below the wide-spread fossiliferous limestone, which I have called the Ames limestone, from Ames township, Athens county, where it is developed, and was first described by Dr. Hildreth, in the old Geological Reports. This limestone is about 140 feet below the Pomeroy seam of coal. The Pomeroy seam is thin in the southern part of Muskingum county, but it is generally seen in its horizon. This seam is to be traced to Gallia county on the southwest, and to Bellaire and Wheeling on the east, and the Pennsylvania geologists have traced it to Pittsburgh, and identified it with the

Pittsburgh and Youghiogheny seam. In western Pennsylvania, several hundred feet of strata below the Pittsburgh seam, are destitute of coal seams of practical value, and hence are called the barren coal measures. In Ohio, at least the Second Geological District, we find more or less coal in this interval. The Nelsonville, or Straitsville seam, is 420 feet below the Pittsburgh seam, and we often find two and three valuable seams above the Nelsonville one.

About thirty feet above the Pomeroy coal, are traces in Muskingum county of another coal seam, which is seen in several counties, but with frequent interruptions of continuity. Not far from t00 feet above the Pomeroy seam, is another of wide range, which I have called the Cumber- land, from Cumberland, Guernsey county, where it is the chief seam worked. The Cumberland seam I have traced through Athens, Morgan, Muskingum, Noble, Washington, Monroe, Guernsey and Belmont counties, and it is a seam of great importance. About 115 feet above the Cumberland seam, is one of limited thickness, but of reported good quality, found on High Hill, in Meigs township, Muskingum county. This is the highest seam found in the county, and is 945 feet above the top of the Waverly formation.

Thus we have, in thicker or thinner development, representation, within the limits of the county, of nearly every important seam of coal in the coal measures of southern Ohio. Of some of these, as of the lower Jackson county coals, we have only hints, but these hints are very significant in showing the wide range of the ancient coal-producing marshes. As each marsh, in which the coal grew, skirted in the ancient ocean, it held its range upon a water line. As such marsh settled down below the ocean, sands and mud were deposited over it, and a new surface formed for a new marsh. The subsidence being regular and uniform, these marshes form seams of coal which show a natural and almost necessary parallelism.

The largest deposit of limestone is that at Newtonville and vicinity, which is the more interesting because it is the finest representative in Ohio of the great lower Carboniferous limestones of Illinois and Missouri. There is a fossiliferous limestone eighty feet above the Newtonville deposit in Newton township. This was mistaken by one of-my 'assistants in 1869, for the Putnam Hill stratum, a mistake which has led to some confusion. The true Putnam Hill limestone is seventy--two feet higher. Both of these seams are found at Zanesville, (Putnam Hill,) the lower being in the bed of the Muskingum at the mouth of the Licking river, and the upper in the Putnam Hill above the dug-way. In the eastern part of the . county are other limestone seams, which are higher in the geological series. * * * Some of these limestones are more soluble under atmospheric agencies than others, hence are more valuable in their fertilizing influence upon soils. Muskingum county is much better supplied with limestone than very many counties of the State. The limestone of Putnam Hill seam is used successfully in the blast furnaces at Zanesville as a flux.

Iron ores, of excellent quality, are much more abundant in this county than was formerly supposed. These ores, with analysis of many, will be noticed in the detailed examinations of the townships.

The most interesting feature of the surface geology of the county, is the system of drift terraces along the banks of the Muskingum river, the materials of which have been brought from regions to the north. It is my opinion that much the larger part of the materials forming these terraces came down the Muskingum, and not down the Licking, but I may be mistaken in this.

The following geological section was taken on the land of J. Granger, near the forks of Mill Run, in the corporate limits of Zanesville :

Feet

Inches

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Shale

Coal

Clay

Coal

Not exposed

Coal

Clay

Sandstone quarried

Coal

Sandstone

Shale

Laminated sandstone

Shale

Putnam Hill limestone

Clay

Sandstone

The observations of geologists have shown that the m.e.terials which compose the earth's crust form three distinct classes of rocks, the igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Of these, the first class includes those that are the direct product of fusion. These are divided into two subordinate groups, volcanic and plutonic, of which the first includes such as are produced by volcanic eruption, lava in its different forms, pummice, obsidian, trachite, etc. The second class of igneous rocks, the plutonic, comprising those massive rocky forms which are without distinct bedding, have apparently been completely fused, and yet were probably never brought to the surface by volcanoes. Having consolidated under great pressure, they are dense and compact in structure, never exhibiting the porous and incoherent condition which is so characteristic of the purely volcanic rocks. The plutonic rocks are granite in some of its varieties, svenite, porphyry, and part but not all, of basalts, diorites and dolerites (green stones.)

None of these igneous rocks are found in any place within the State of Ohio, though they exist in vast quantities in the mining districts of the West, and on the shores of Lake Superior. From the latter region, numerous fragments were brought to us during the Glacial period, and they constitute a prominent feature in the drift deposits that cover so large a. part of our State.

DRIFT.-After the valleys eroded as they now exist, many of them were filled with what is termed "drift" materials, which are chiefly water worn pebbles and bowlders, sand, and sometimes clays. The principal outspread of the drift, is in the northwestern part of the dis- trict in the Scioto Valley, and near the sources of the Hocking and Licking rivers. In this region, the surface of the earth is almost wholly covered with superficial deposits, brought from the north. Some of the materials are not found within the State, but come from beyond the lakes. Limestone bowlders and gravel show, from their

contained fossils and lithographic character, that they originally came from the corniferous limestone, a formation well developed in the northern part of the State. All the streams which have their sources within the great drift region of the central and northern part of the State, have carried down more or less of the drift materials, and deposited them in sand bars and sandy flats. These now constitute the well known terraces of the Scioto, Hocking and Muskingum rivers. The Ohio river is also bordered by these terraces, the materials having been largely brought to it, by its northern affluents. The tributaries to the Ohio from the South, as the Little and Great Kenawhas, have no such terraces. The same is true of all the smaller Ohio tributaries, such as Raccoon, Little Muskingum and Duck Creek, which do not have their heads in the central drift region.

In the terraced drift we find two classes of materials, the hard and the comparatively soft. The former is composed of diorytes and granitoid forms, quartzites and other metamorphic rocks, and the cherty portions of limestones. The latter is made up of softer sandstones, slates and bituminous coals. I have found small bowlders of fine. grained Waverly sandstones, which,

for fineness of texture, and softness under the chisel, and perfection of color, I have never seen surpassed. Their original home was in the Waverly formation, and not very far to the north, for such is the softness of the material, that they could not long have survived the friction of rolling, in currents of water, surrounded by harder bowlders, much less the more wasting friction of propulsion by glaciers, under enormous ice pressure. We sometimes find similar soft material only very slightly eroded.

In the large terrace formed at the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, on which the town of Marietta is built, we often find large quantities of pebbles of bituminous coal. Bushels could sometimes be taken from a single spot, of all sizes, from four inches in diameter downward. Bituminous coal being soft and easily eroded, the coal of these pebbles must have been torn from its native seam at some point in our Ohio coal measures, but a short distance up the Muskingum, probably not above Zanesville. It has been estimated that the lumps of coal of medium size, dropped into the Ohio river from steamboats and barges, are worn away to nothing in rolling on the bottom, a distance of from fifty to one hundred miles. Pebbles and bowlders of Ohio coal measure sandstone are also often found in the drift terraces on the Muskingum. It will be remembered that this river holds its course chiefly within the limits of the coal formation.

The highest elevation on which I have found drift bowlders is on the summit of Flint Ridge, Licking county, which is 17o feet above the adjacent valley. To this add fifty feet as the estimated elevation of the base of the ridge above Newark, and we have bowlders 220 feet above Newark, and 174 above Zanesville, and 490 above Marietta, and 729 above Cincinnati.

The terraces in the olden time presented great attractions to the Mound Builder race. We everywhere find on them earth works, in the form of mounds, elevated squares, walls and ditches. Being dry and sandy, the surface could be easily removed and accumulated in their various structures. To, the profound questions of .the ethnologist, who the mound builders were, whence they came, and whither they went, we can only reply that they once lived here, here cultivated the soil, here worshiped, perhaps with the solemn rites of human sacrifice,, here planned and executed mighty works of organized labor, and then passed away. We find their temples, and fortresses, and tombs.

COAL FORMATION.-It is probable that there was a long period of repose and freedom from those dynamic agencies of subsistence which de press the crust of the earth, and after the deposition of the vast sandy flats now constituting the Waverly strata. During this period, there was doubtless more or less erosion of the surface, and it was brought into comparatively un even condition. Whether the thin beds of the Maxville limestone were deposited before this erosion took place, and so shared in it as now to be left in isolated patches, or were deposited at first in limited basins, is as yet undetermined.

Passing upward in the series, we reach the Productive Coal measures. In places, however; we find an intervening conglomerate.

The transition from the Waverly to the coal- measures, shows an entire change in the lithological character of the strata, and in the methods of distribution of the sedimentary materials. The Waverly materials were evidently derived from some shore where there was great lithological sameness, and they were spread with wonderful evenness upon the ocean floor. This floor was level to begin with, for it was formed by the evenly accumulated mass of semi-organic matter, which now constitutes the great Ohio black slate, or Huron shales. The materials of sand and clays would not, of necessity, be evenly spread, because their accumulation so perfectly balanced the general subsidence as to" keep the incoming materials always in shallow water, and hence, just where the leveling power of the waves would be the greatest.

The conglomerate is, in Jackson county, a very remarkable deposit of sand and pebbles. In some. places, it is over one hundred and thirty feet thick, resting upon the Waverly, and, in a short distance, it is completely thinned out to nothing. The pebbles are often a mass of white quartz, or perfectly pure quartzite, sometimes with a diameter of several inches. They tell a tale off rough water and powerful currents. But such deposits are local, and I find no proof whatever that a conglomerate stratum constitutes the regular and continuous floor on which the productive coal- measures of the second district were laid. I find in Ohio, many conglomerates in the coal-measures at different horizons, none, indeed, so coarse as the one sometimes found resting on the Waverly, but they all have a limited horizontal range.

They thin out and pass into finer sandstones, and often into shales formed of fine sedimentary mud. In the coal-measures of the second district, no sand rock, so far as I know, extends through the whole line of the out-crop of the formation. Both, conglomerates and finer grained sandstones, are very uncertain in their horizontal ranges. The same is true of the shales and clays. We have almost all possible forms of sedimen- tary materials, and in almost all possible conditions of deposition. Hence, frequent changes are to be met with along the same geological horizon. The only strata showing continuity over great horizontal spaces, are the coal seams, with their under-clays, and certain fossiliferous lime- stones. The unfossiliferous lime-stones of the productive coal-measures, which were deposited as a calcareous mud, are of very limited horizontal extent. The unusually thick group of lime- stones over the Wheeling coal, at Wheeling, West Virginia, and at Bellaire, in Belmont county, Ohio, are scarcely found further west in Muskingum county, and to the southwest, in Meigs county, they have no representative, whatever. We may find lime-stones of this class, from ten to thirty feet thick, in one place, and a few miles away, in the same horizon, there is not a trace of them to be found. They were formed of calcareous mud, and follow, in their distribution, the same laws of distribution of the other mud rocks of the coal-measures. None of them were of deep water origin, for they not only sometimes exhibit surface dried cracks, but they are found between, and in ,proximity to, seams of coal which were sub-aerial in their origin. All the various strata which constitute the filling in of the spaces between seams of coal, whether formed from gravels, sands, clays, or limestones, excepting three or four fossiliferous limestones, are subject to all those changes which would be expected in off-shore deposits, where the not very far distant land afforded many kinds of materials, and where the waters, not very deep, were quiet in some places, and rough in others, and thus produced every possible variety of deposition.

The few fossiliferous lime-stones of the coal-measures, of which the Putnam Hill, Ferriferous, Cambridge and Ames lime-stones are the most important and interesting, were all formed, I think, in quite shallow, and, at the same time, quiet waters, from the accumulation of lime-secreting ani- mals. In each case there was, probably, an ar- rest of the progress of subsidence, long enough for the accumulation of calcareous organic matter to form the stratum of lime-stones, very much as in the formation of a seam of coal, there was an arrest of subsidence, and a pause long enough for the growth and accumulation of the vegetable matter constituting the coal. Some of these lime- stones were formed upon a sea-bed almost perfectly level and uniform, and show remarkable parallelism with each other, and with seams of coal. It is, however, the coal itself which pre- sents the most interesting object of investigation in the second district, and it is to this subject I have devoted the most attention. I shall present some of the results of my own independent observations, relative to the origin, varieties and uses of coals, believing, however, that the views are in essential harmony with the accepted opinions of our better geologists.

Notwithstanding the elaborate attempt of Bischoff, and others, to prove that coal is an accumu- lation of vegetable detritus, drifted by rivers and buried beneath accumulating sediment in the ocean, this view is not now accepted by any who have carefully studied the coal-seams in the coal- measures in America. Mr. Leo Lesquereux and Dr. Dawson have shown , as the result of careful and extended observations ,that the vegetation forming seams of coal grew where it is now buried, the only movement being downward in the general subsidence. Atter such subsidence, sedimentary materials were brought over the vegetable mass, filling up the water, so as to form, in time, a new sub-aerial surface, on which new vegetation took root and grew, to form, in time, when buried, another seam of coal. My own independent observations, continued through many years, convince .me that in no other way are the seams of coal, in our

coal-measures, formed. There is, moreover, every evidence that the vegetation grew upon marshy plains, more or less extensive, skirting the ocean, or, perhaps, often constituting low islands, not far from the ancient shore. This appears from the fact that slates and shales accompanying the coal, and in immediate proximity to it, often contain marine or brackish-water forms of later palwozoic life. These slates sometimes constitute partings in the coal-seam itself, and extend for miles, maintaining with wonderful exactness their stratigraphical position. These partings imply a temporary overflow, of the ancient marsh, by the ocean, and an even distribution of sediment, which, when compressed, constitutes the thin layer of slate, or clay. Besides, we find in the very coal itself, and especially in the can- nel portions of seams—for cannel coal is, so far as my observations go, only a local modification of a regular bituminous coal-seam—marine forms of ancient life, of which lingulx and fishes are, perhaps, most common. We also find, in some seams of coal, the evidence of tidal or other over- flow of the coal marsh, in beach-worn sticks, and various forms of wood, which now, changed to bi-sulphide of iron, are preserved in their original form, and lie in the coal as they were drifted into the old marsh. After the complete subsidence of the Whole marsh, we often find the proofs that trees, as sigillaria lepidodendron, and taller ferns were broken down where they grew by the in- coming waters, and buried on the spot by the sediments. I once traced the trunk of a sigillaria in the roof of a Pomeroy seam of coal, for a distance of more than forty feet. Thousands of the trunks of what Mr. Lesquereux takes,to be pecopteris arborescens are found in the slates over the same coal, lying in a horizontal burial, as they were bent or broken down by the waters, which also brought in their stormy winding sheet. In making almost thousands of geological sections in our coal-measures, I have found seams of coal always

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maintaining such relations to what were the ancient water levels, that I am fully convinced that, in every case, the vegetation grew along the water line, and not far above it.

I have never found the slightest proof of the formation of a seam of coal over hills or high grounds. The parallelism of the seams, of which further mention will be made, forbids it. Doubt- less, vegetation of certain kinds grew upon the higher grounds, but this vegetation did not con- stitute seams of coal. It is plain, that whatever vegetable matter there might be on a hill-side, would, in the subsidence of the land, present to the waves of an encroaching sea an easy prey, and the trees and humbler plants would be torn from the exposed moorings, and be drifted away to rot upon the waters, or be buried in the sands of the beach.

Such drifted and buried trees are frequently found. Should there have been some high level plateau, upon which the vegetation grew, and which, in the subsidence, was let down below the water so evenly as to prevent the waters from tearing the vegetable materials away, it is still doubtful whether, on such high and dry areas, there would have been any considerable accumulation of vegetable matter, the decay so equaling the growth that, in reality, there would have been no materials for a true seam of coal.

While in the vegetation forming the coal seams upon marshy savannahs skirting the ocean, we find constant proof that the continuity of the marsh was often broken by intervening water, so that the seam of coal is frequently interrupted. In the subsequent subsidence, these water spaces were filled Up with sands, or clays, which are now hardened and compressed into shales and sandstones. But, if we have a marsh at one point, which continued long enough to allow of the accumulation of vegetable matter sufficient for a considerable seam of coal, the presumption is, that, on that exact horizon, we shall find that there were other areas above the water, on which vegetation also grew, and thus, along one water line, there be formed a seam of coal, varying in its features of thickness and quality, ranging, with many interruptions, through many counties, and, perhaps, hundreds of miles. A long period of rest from downward movement, such as the growth and accumulation of a thick seam of coal imply, almost necessitates the fact that, during that long period, wherever there were along the water line, areas of low land, whether insular or continental fringes, on which vegetation might take root and grow, there would be such growth, and, consequently, a seam of coal.

When the subsidence took place, by which the marsh, or marshes, of one horizontal line were lowered beneath the water, the presumption is, that such subsidence would be an even and regu- lar one. We can hardly suppose that, within any limited area, there would be any considerable ir- regularity in the sinking—any irregular plunges downward, here and there, so as to tilt at various angles the plane of the coal. The subsidence was, of course, greater in some districts than in others.

In Nova Scotia, there are 14,570 feet of productive coal-measures, with over eighty distinct seams of coal. In Eastern Pennsylvania, 3,000 feet are reported ; while in Southern Ohio, the highest coal seam yet found is about 1,50o feet above the Waverly sandstone, upon which, at places, a coal seam, with its under-clay, is found to rest, with no intervening conglomerate. It is, also, entirely possible that, when any large areas of any one coal field are carefully investigated, it will be found that some portion of such large area may have had a somewhat more rapid subsidence than the rest. But, as a rule, the subsidence was so regular that two seams of coal, each formed in its water line, are found to present an almost per- fect parallelism. For exarnIple, in Ohio, the Nelsonville seam of coal is found, in the vertical se- ries, to be about four hundred and twenty feet below the Pomeroy seam, the equivalent of the Wheeling and Pittsburgh seam. These two seams range through many counties, and everywhere the interval between them is the same. The same is true of all our other well defined and continu- ous seams. One careful measurement of the in- terval between two seams iS so excellent a guide that, either seam being 'found, the place of the other can readily be determined. There may be difficulty in ascertaining the exact interval, be- cause there may be considerable horizontal dis- tance between the exposures of the seams; and calculations must generally be made for the dip, usually an unknown term ; but when the meas- urements are accurate, the parallelism is perfect and beautiful. There is a little play of variation, sometimes, but it is generally very slight. In limited areas, the downward movement could hardly be otherwise than uniform. Even in cases of earthquake action, we generally find the areas of elevation or subsidence to be quite extensive. But there is no proof that, in the Coal Period, there was any intense earthquake action, nor any convulsive disturbances, which would give to the plane of a coal seam great irregularities in inclination. It must be remembered that the elevation of the Alleghanies, and the foldings of the Appalachian region, and. all the thousand undulations given to the strata of our coal fields were subsequent to the formation of our coal-measures. The results of the most careful observations in all our coal fields, create a reasonable belief that the subsidence was semi-continental in character, and that the crust of the earth settled down in an even and dignified way.

So far as my observations go, I have never found an instance where two distinct seams of coal came together, or conversely, where a seam became divided and its parts continued to diyerge for a long or indefinite distance. It is not uncommon to find, in a seam of coal, the proof that the coal marsh had in it local depressions, which were filled with sediment, making a soil on which new vegetation grew, and thus the seam shows two parts, separated by fire clay, sometimes several feet thick, but in every instance, when traced, I have found the parts to reunite. The two parts never diverge indefinitely.

From these statements, we may infer a general law of parallelism. Such law is in harmony with the belief of the most careful observers, that our productive coal period was characterized by great quietness and freedom from violent local disturbances.

"The only question open to discussion, (says Prof. Rogers,) is whether in an instance like that of the huge mass of the Summit Hill mines, and Panther Creek Tunnels, (in Pa.,) where the bed possesses very unusual thickness, the expansion of its size is caused by the merging into the principal bed of other adjoining coal seams through the thinning away of the dividing strata, or is merely a local enlargement of the one coal bed between the same roof and floor, arising from more active deposition at this spot of the vegetable materials which formed it. If we were in possession of any complete sections of the lower coal measures, such as those of Nesquehoning and Tamaqua coals, illustrative of the condition of things nearer to the Summit mine than those localities, we might, from such data, possibly determine the running together or not of some of those beds to form this great deposit, but no intermediate points have been developed, and the distance of the two localities named, one four and a half miles and the other five miles, is too considerable to permit us to institute any close comparison between the individual beds at either of them and that of the Summit. To explain the unusual thickness of the great bed by the coalescing of several large seams of the Nesquehoning group, we must assume, if we take the "main lower coal" and the two next which overlie it, as those which have here come together, that there has occurred a total exhaustion of about 134 feet of included rock, or if we suppose only this "main lower coal" and the double or Rowland's coal to have united, we have still to conceive of the thinning out of seventy-seven feet of sandstone in a range of only four and a half miles. A like diffi- culty besets us when we consider the thick plates of sandstones and slate which we must assume as having disappeared between the Little Schuylkill and the Summit, if we would derive the great bed from the coming together of any two or more of the principal lower seams of that locality. Never- theless, so much more uniform are the coal beds generally, than the mechanically derived sand- stones—so much more easy is it when we advert to the respective circumstances, under which these two classes of deposition originated, to as- cribe a rapid variation of thickness to the widely strewn strata of sand and pebbles, than to the slowly and gently accumulated layers of vegeta- tion of the ancient carboniferous marshes--that I strongly incline to that view which assumes the apparent alteration of thickness to be due to the thinning out of the arenaceous rocks."

From this language, it appears that no facts have been obtained by careful stratigraphical measurements to prove the actual coming together of the different seams of coal, but the union is assumed as, on the whole, the least difficult way of explaining the usual thickening of the coal at the Summit. This, of course, is only the opinion of Prof. Rogers, and is entitled to all the weight which the opinion of so eminent a geologist should receive. It is readily granted that sands are accumulated along shore lines with great unevenness. This depends upon the strength of currents and the quantity of material. Along a shore there are many places of comparatively quiet water, where finer sediments, now compressed into shales, are deposited, and we often find these shales alternating with sandstones. In Ohio, on the same horizon, I find sometimes sixty feet of sandrock, and a few miles away sixty feet of shales. The marginal area below the water must be filled up with something, and the unevenness of the resulting bedding of the sandrock, or shales, is not a matter of consequence, nor is it pertinent to the solution of the problem in hand, viz : The explanation of the universal thickening of a coal seam at a given point. The real difficulty is antecedent to the filling in of a submerged area by mechanical sediments, it matters not whether by "sand and pebbles widely strewn," or by mud gently dropped in more quiet water. How came a part of a marsh, with its coal-making vegetation, 134 feet below its original level, while the remaining part of the marsh maintained such a wonderful statical equilibrium -just at the water line ? I do not say that this is impossible, but it is not probable, indeed it is so improbable, that it may not be lightly inferred.

It is much easier for me to believe that in this famous Pennsylvania case, now made historical by Sir Charles Lyell, the conditions of accumulation of a large mass of vegetable matter, were more favorable in that part of the ,marsh now represented by the Summit Hill coal, than at other portions of the marsh. The conditions of growth might have been more favorable, or there might have been less waste from decomposition, or from mechanical removal. Indeed, all these causes might have combined to create the difference in the thickness of the coal. In Ohio; I find a seam of coal from four to five feet thick, and evidently retaining its original and normal thickness, while three miles away the same seam is nearly thirteen feet thick. It is as easy for me to believe that a seam might, at Nesquehoning, be twenty-eight feet thick, as reported, and at the Summit Hill, be nearly fifty feet thick, as that a seam in Ohio, in a less distance, change from four to thirteen feet.

The buried 'vegetation of the coal marshes re- appears after the lapse of long geological ages, in three pretty well marked varieties of coal, viz. : The more bituminous, or coking, the dry splint, and cannel, all grouped under the gener- al head of bituminous, as distinguished from the metamorphic anthracite. The more bituminous, or pitch coal, appears to be the natural or normal form which the unaltered vegetation took when buried. Any one familiar with the details of our bituminous coal fields, has often seen the shales and slate films of this bright, resinous coal,

where single trunks, or branches of sigillaria, lepidodendron, or large ferns, like pecolteris arborescens, have been buried with an almost perfect exclusion of air. Such films of coal are derived from the bark layers, the interior portion of the tree always, in these cases, disappearing without adding to the quantity of coal. Dr. Dawson regards the mineral charcoal, common in most seams of coal, as the product of the partially decomposed inner bark, and the more woody portion of the tree, with portions of other vegetation. In some cases which have fallen under my observation, where there was reason to believe that the tree had been prostrated while a living tree,and buried without previous decomposition, both barks were converted into bright and resinous coal. From this we may, perhaps, infer that if the whole mass of vegetation forming a coal seam were completely buried, without any previous decomposition, we might expect the whole to be converted into bright coal. Sometimes we find the coal very bright and pitch-like in a considerable portion of the seam, showing scarcely any mineral charcoal, or those laminations of duller color, which are generally supposed to indicate the more decomposed vegetable matter of leaves, fronds and smaller plants. Dr. Dawson thus writes : "I would also observe that though in the roof shales and other associated beds, it is usually only the cortical layer of trees that appear as compact and bituminous coal, yet, I have found specimens which show that, in the coal seams themselves, true woody tissues have been converted into structure less coal, forming like the coniferous trees converted into jet in more modern formations, thin bands of very pure bituminous material." The probability is that the less the sub-aerial decay, the more perfectly bituminized and structure less becomes the resulting coal. Nothing would be so likely to prevent decay as immersion in water, and such immersion must play an important part in the formation of the more highly bituminous and caking coals. "In the putrefaction of wood under water, or imbedded in aqueous deposits," says Dawson, "a change occurs in which the principal loss consists in carbon and oxygen ; and the resulting coaly product contains proportionally more hydrogen than the original wood. This is the condition of the compact bituminous coal.

* The mineral charcoal results from sub-aerial decay, the compact coal from sub-aqueous putrefaction, more or less modified by heat and exposure to air."

CANNEL COAL—We should expect that in the swampy flats of the coal period, there would be wet places filled with muck or vegetable mud, similar to those we often find in such swamps today. In the modern muck bog, the structure of the vegetation is almost entirely obliterated, and there results a fine, soft vegetable mud, which, when dried, forms a dark and almost impalpable powder. We find the proof of the existence of similar locations of vegetable mud in the old coal- producing areas. They were probably not the only wet places ; (for what has already been

said of the origin of the more bituminous, or, pitch-like coals, implies the existence of much water) but they were the wet places in which the vegetation became so thoroughly decomposed, that when afterwards buried, compressed and bituminized, it was changed into a hard compact stratum of coal, showing little lustre, often no lamination, and breaking with conchoidal fracture. .It is probable that there were vast quantities of vegetable mud formed which did not go to constitute seams of cannel coal, but were floated away by currents, and mingling with mineral sediments, settled in the more quiet waters of the shallows, thus forming strata of bituminous slates and shales. * * Every stratum of bituminous shale in our productive coal measures, implies the existence of the same proximate horizon of a coal marsh, and should always be noted and studied with this fact in mind. When in the mud forming bitumious shales, the carbonate of iron has been introduced, we have a stratum of black band ore, unless, as is more often the case, the iron is brought by the force of affinity into nodular masses.

In the water over the accumulating vegetable mud, fishes, mollusks and other forms of life sometimes abounded, and these were entombed in the mud.

In the ooze, the stigmaria almost reveled penetrating it in almost every direction, and these curious vegetable forms, with their spreading rootlets are found in greatest abundance in cannel coals, all flattened, but in exquisite preservation. The existence of so many stigmarias in the cannel coals, the beds of which often extend for many miles, almost necessitates the conclusion-that they grew in situ. If the stigmaria is always a true root of the sigillaria, or other tree, as held by Dr. Dawson, and others, we must conclude that trees, having these roots attached, grew in the wettest parts of the marsh,which were, therefore, not open lagoons, as some have supposed. But Dr. Dawson asserts that "sigillaria grew on the same soils which supported conifers lepidodendra, cordaites and ferns, plants which could not have grown in water." He also claims, that most of the under clays, which, so far as I know, universally contain rootlets of stigmaria, "are, in short, loamy or clay soils, and most have been sufficiently above water to admit of drainage." These views require us to believe that the stigmaria could not have grown where they are found in cannel coal, but were floated to their present places as detached roots. If thus floated, we should expect that they would sometimes show local accumulations in the drifted heaps. So far as my observations go, they are very evenly distributed over the whole cannel coal areas. Moreover, if detached and floated bodies, and afterwards buried in the accumulating mud, we should naturally expect them also to decay, and form vegetable muck similar to the surrounding mass.

On the other hand, Lesquereux, Goldenberg, and others, hold that the true stigmaria was an

aquatic plant. Lesquereux thus writes : "It is my belief that the genus stigmaria does not represent tree roots, but floating stems, of which species of the genus sigillaria constitute the flowers, or fruit-bearing Stems." It was, as I understand his views, only under favorable circumstances of a more solid ground for anchorage, that these stems produced the stalks, or, more properly, trunks, by which the fructification was secured. By this theory, it is certainly more easy to explain the vast number of stigma- ria found in cannel coals. By it we may, perhaps, also account for the equally great numbers of stigmaria found in some of the sand rocks of the lower coal-measures of Ohio, in which sigillaria are but seldom found. Since we often find stigmaria in the bituminous coal, the "floating-stem" theory would harmonize with the other opinion of Mr. Lesquereux, arrived at after careful study of the marshes and peat bogs of Europe and America, that the coal was formed in similar marshes skirted by the ocean, which would furnish the needed conditions for the growth of such aquatic vegetation as he regards the stigrnaria to be. * * * We conclude that, admitting the radical nature of the stigmaria, we remain very doubtful as to their generic deter- mination, and still more so as to their specific reference.

COKE.—Passing the consideration of ashes in coals, and the sulphur found in different combinations, we find some practical thoughts—very interesting, in regard to coke. The strongest cokes are made from the more highly bituminous and caking coals, such as melt and swell when heated, and, after the bituminous gases are driven off, leave a hard, cinder-like mass, which has an almost metallic lustre, and a metallic ring, when struck. Such coke, either cold or hot, is broken with difficulty, and will resist great pressure without crushing. This is the kind preferred by all intelligent "iron-masters." All cokes made from the soft-caking coals have a tendency to be more or less firm, from the fact that such coals soften and melt when heated. The best coke comes from the most thorough fusion of coal. Often, iron-masters, using dry coals in the raw state, and finding that they do not obtain sufficient heat, resort to the use of a certain portion of firm coke. The difficulty is not I think, in the want of heating power in the raw coal, for its coke may have quite as much fixed carbon as the other coke used, but in the simple fact that, in the first instance, the fire is partially smothered by the compacted condition of the fuel, while in the other case, the weaker coke of the raw coal is reinforced by the stronger, and, thus the whole mass of the fuel is kept in better condition by the permeated blast.

IRON.—While it is true that coal is the mainspring of modern civilization, it is also true that much of its value depends upon its association with iron. In most countries, certain varieties of iron ore are found associated with coal—black- band, clay, ironstone, etc.—and in these, Ohio ores are richer than any of those States that share with her our great Alleghany coal basin. Again, our coal field is so situated, and the coal it furnishes is of such quality, that a large part of the richer crystalline ores found in other States must inevitably be brought to our territory to be smelted and manufactured.

In order that the conditions under which the production of iron is now, and is hereafter to be carried on, in Ohio, may be better understood, I will devote a few words to the description of the varieties of iron ore found in our country, and their relation to the fuel with which they are to be smelted.

The richest of all the ores is the "magnetic oxide," which contains, when pure, 72.4 per cent, metallic iron, and 27.6 per cent. oxygen. It consists of the protoxide and sesqui oxide, combined, and may be recognized by its black powder and its magnetic property. This variety of ore is found in great abundance in the crystalline rocks of the Alleghany belt, in the Adirondacks, and in Canada. It is the ore brought to us under the name of Champlain ore—from the fact of its occurrence on the shores of Lake Champlain—and is that mined so extensively in Southern New York, New Jersey, and further south, along the same line. From its abundance in the localities I have cited, and its proximity to the anthracite coal of Pennsylvania, this ore has formed the basis of a very large manufac- ture in the Eastern States, and has furnished more of the iron produced in this country than any other single variety. As found in Canada, and along the Alleghanies, the magnetic ores are extremely prone to contain certain impuri- ties, which injuriously affect the metal produced from them. These are principally phosphorous in phosphate of lime, and sulphur in the form of sulphide, or iron pyrites. Of these, the phosphorous renders the iron "cold short," or brittle when cold ; and the sulphur, "red short," or tender at a red heat. Many of these ores con- tain also a large percentage of litanium, by which they are rendered refractory, and the iron made, brittle. These defects in the Eastern magnetic ores, almost preclude their use for the finer qualities of iron and steel, and yet they are destined to form an important element in the manufacture of iron in Ohio. Iron making is, in one aspect, much like oil painting, for, as the painter gets his finest effects by skillfully blending many tints, so the iron-maker can only ob- tain the best results by using in the furnace several varieties of ore. The iron ores of Eastern New York and Canada, may, by the cheapness of return freights, be delivered within our territory at a price so low that they will continue to be used as they now are, in considerable quantities, by our iron smelters. Some of the Canadian ores can be furnished on the lake shore, at a very low figure, but these ores are so largely contaminated by sulphur, or litanium that they are, at present, but little used. When, however, we shall have introduced the Swedish smelting furnace—removing three or four per cent of sulphur—we may expect these ores to

The ore next in point of richness to the magnetic, is that called " Specular iron," which consists, when pure, entirely of peroxide. This is a crystalline ore, generally having a metallic appearance, and takes its name from the speculum like reflections from its polished surfaces. When free from foreign matter, this ore contains seventy per cent. of iron and thirty of oxygen. Most of the Lake Superior ores are of this character, as are also those of the Iron Mount- ains of Missouri. To us, the Lake Superior ores are of immense importance, as will be seen from the fact that at least two thirds of all the ore mined in the Marquette district are brought to our State, and this ore constitutes the main dependence of all that great group of furnaces which have been constructed in the northern part of the State within the last twenty years.

The product of the Lake Superior iron mines in 1868, was 507,813 tons, for 1869, 643,283 tons, and of this, at least one third is supposed to have been smelted with Ohio coal. The Lake Superior ores are almost entirely free from phos- phorous, sulphur, arsenic and litanium, the ingredients which so injuriously affect iron ores elsewhere ; and the magnetic ores of Michigan, of which the supply is now known to be large, are the purest of which I have any knowledge. From these facts, it is evident that the Lake Superior iron ores are peculiarly adapted to the production of all the finer grades of iron and steel, and indeed it is the opinion of our most accomplished metallurgists, that the manufacture of steel in future years, so far as this country is concerned, will be based almost exclusively upon these ores.

The coals of the Alleghany coal-field are supeiior to those of the West, and it is certain that nowhere can an abundant supply of mineral fuel, suitable for smelting the Lake Superior ores, be so cheaply obtained as in Ohio. Some portion of these ores are now, and will continue to be, smelted with charcoal on the upper peninsula of Michigan, but the supply of this fuel is so limited, that it will play but an insignificant part in the iron manufacture of the future.

The ores enumerated constitute our native ores, the main source of supply to our furnaces. 1 should add, however, to this list one other variety, that which is known as the "fossil ore," a stratified red hematite, found in the Clinton group, and which forms a belt of out-crop extending, with more or less intermission, from Dodge county, Wisconsin, across a portion oi Canada, entering New York at Sodus Bay, passing through Oneida county, where it has received the name of "Clinton ore," thence running down through central Pennsylvania, Virginia and East Tennessee, into Georgia and Alabama. In the latter region, it is known as the " Dyestone ore," from the fact that it has been employed by the inhabitants for imparting a reddish brown tint to cloth. This Clinton ore is an hydrous peroxide, containing from 40 to 50 per cent. of metallic iron, and generally a notable percentage of phosphorus. Its use in Ohio has depended upon the latter quality, from the fact that it imparts a " cold-shortness " to iron made from it, and is supposed to correct the red shortness of sulphurous iron.

Within our own territory, we have all the varieties of iron that are ever associated with coal, viz. : black-band, kidney ore, stratified ore, or, as it is called, block ore, and, in less abundance, brown hematite, the hydrated peroxide of iron. Of these, the black-band is a bituminous shale, largely impregnated with iron, taking its name from its stratification and black color. In its natural condition, it contains from twenty to thirty-three per cent. of iron, but, by burning off the carbon, it becomes much richer. This ore is found, and largely used, in Mahoning and Tuscarawas counties, and is known to exist in Columbiana. Sought for by those who know it, it will undoubtedly be discovered in many. parts of the State. It smelts with great facility, making very fusible iron, and such as is especially adapted to foundry purposes. The kidney ore, an earthy carbonate of iron, generally forms balls or concretions, lying in the shales of the coal formation. Where these shales have been extensively eroded, the ore is cheaply mined by "stripping," and was the main dependence of most of our furnaces previous to the introduction of the crystalline ores. The yield of the kidney ore, in the furnace, will average about thirty-three per cent., or three tons of ore make one of iron. This ore is found, in greater or less abundance, in every county included in the coal area. The " block " ores of the coal measures vary much, in purity and abundance, in different localities. They are generally strata of limestone charged with iron. In the southern portion of the State, ore of this character forms a large number of distinct beds, from two to six feet in thickness, and constitutes the principal source of supply of some forty furnaces now in blast in that district.

In certain localities, some of these stratified iron ores, near their out crops, are changed from their original condition, have lost their carbonic acid and have been converted into brown hematite. The average richness of the stratified ores may be said to be about the same as that of the kidney ores, namely, thirty-five per cent of me- tallic iron. The iron furnished by some of them is of very superior quality, as is proved by the reputation of the celebrated Hanging Rock iron, made from the ores.

TIM MANUFACTURE OF R ON . —We have briefly considered the principal elements—coal, and the ores, that are to form the basis of the great iron industry. It is known to most per- sons that, with the fuel and ore, limestone is used in large quantity in the smelting furnaces ; but, as this material is readily attainable in all localities, it need not now occupy our time. I may say, however, in passing, that a large amount of work needs to be done in our State in the inves- tigation of the composition of our fluxes, and

their adaptation to the ores we most use. In this part of the iron manufacture, our furnace men are working very much in the dark, and it is certain that they can receive important aid.

The ordinary process of reduction of the ore in the blast furnace, is so well known that I need not dwell on it in detail. All varieties of iron ore consist of a combination, sometimes exclusively, always mainly—of oxygen and iron. This oxygen, when brought in contact with carbon at high temperature, unites with it, and passes off as carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, leaving, as a result of this smelting process, cast iron. This is, however, not yet metallic iron, for it contains four to five per cent. of carbon, and is a carburet of iron ; a hard, brittle substance, applicable to a thousand uses in the arts, but not yet malleable. The manufacture of bar iron consists mainly in the removal of this carbon, and, although not a geological disquisition, we will briefly mention the process, which is called "puddling." In this process the cast iron, or what is termed "pig," is placed in a reverberatory furnace, and there exposed, at a high temperature, to the action of an oxidizing flame. This burns out the carbon and leaves the iron pure, except as it contains a small portion of silicon, sulphur, phosphorous, etc. As the iron in the puddling furnace approaches the malleable condition, it becomes adhesive and pasty, and is worked into balls ; these are taken out and passed through the squeezers, and rolling mill, where they become what is called "muck bar." Muck bar, ordinarily requires still further refining, so it is cut into convenient length, piled, re-heated, re-rolled, and then comes out as "merchant bar." Thus, we have cast iron and bar iron ; the two forms in which iron is largely used by civilized man. This peculiar and protean metal is capable, however, of assuming still another condition, in which it supplies certain of our wants much more perfectly than do either of the forms before mentioned. This we call steel ; and steel differs from malleable iron only in containing from one-half to one and a half—say on an average of one per cent. of carbon. This carbon, though so minute in quantity, imparts its peculiar properties, rendering it capable of being cast like pig iron, without the loss of its malleability, and also communicates to it the all important property of temper, by which its hardness is immensely increased, and it is fitted for many uses that no other material known to us can serve. Nearly all the iron used in the world, at the present time, is manufactured with mineral fuel. The old charcoal furnaces were thought to do well when they gave a yield of thirty-five to fifty tons per week. Now there are several furnaces in Ohio, each of which produces three hundred tons of pig iron in the same time, and some of the English furnaces produce six hundred tons per week.

THE ELLERHAUSEN PROCESS OF MAKING STEEL.—We have seen that pig iron consists of metallic iron,with four or five per cent. of carbon, while the richer ores consist mainly of iron and oxygen. Ellerhausen's theory was that iron ore could be mingled with cast iron in such a way that the oxygen of the ore would unite with the carbon of the pig metal, and, passing off as carbonic oxide, leave the iron of both elements in the combination in the metallic state. The experiment was first tried by drawing a ladle of molten iron from the furnace, and stirring into it a quantity of iron ore. The change anticipated began at once, and the iron assumed a pasty condition, which rendered it impossible to stir it with a bar. Substituting a wooden rod, the materials were mingled, and were made to form a ball similar to that collected in the puddling furnace by the rabble. This ball heated, squeezed and rolled, was found to furnish a fair article of bar iron. Subsequently there was substituted for the ladle, a wheel, eighteen feet in diameter, bearing on its margin a series of boxes, This wheel was made to revolve beneath a stream of molten iron and pulverized ore, that crossed each other at right angles. By the rotation of the wheel, the boxes were gradually filled with layers of iron, mixed with ore. When each contained a sufficient quantity the sides were removed, and the blooms transferred to the puddling furnaces, these re-heated until the slag they contained was "sweated" out, then squeezed and rolled into bars. These bars, without piling or re-rolling, are found to exhibit all the properties of first- class iron. This process was extensively operated by J. H. Shoenberger & Co., and Lyon, Shorb & Co., Pittsburgh. But it is possible to produce malleable iron direct from the ore. This is called by metallurgists, the "direct process," because it follows a direct line, and avoids the wind about through the blast furnace. This is the method practiced in what is called the catalan forge ; it has not been demonstrated to be cheaper, however, than by the other method, while some metallurgists maintain that not many years will elapse till all our bar iron will be manufactured by some direct process.

The ground of this confidence is the peculiar property that carbonic oxide has of reducing the oxide of iron at a comparatively low temperature. If we put a few grains of pulverized iron ore with some carbonaceous substance, in a test tube, and heat this over a spirit lamp to a red heat, 1,000 or 1,200 degrees, the ore is immediately decomposed, its oxygen uniting with the carbon, and grains of metallic iron become visible. This is the theory of the Renton process, the process of Dr. Smith, and what is known as Chenot's process, but up to the present time all these methods have been practically unsuccessful, from a difficulty in regulating the temperature ; for it is a remarkable fact that when the temperature is raised above 1,400 degrees, fusion begins, silicates are formed, and the mass is agglutinated together in such a way as to be unmanageable, while the access of the gas to the ore is prevented. Several eminent metallurgists are, however, at work on this problem, and it seems that their efforts must ultimately be crowned with success. I need not dwell upon the benefits that would accrue to society and civilization, by a diminution

of say one-half in the cost of production of bar iron. So great would be this benefit, that there is hardly a family in any civilized community who would not sensibly feel it. On the other hand, the Bessemer process has reduced the price of steel in an equal degree, and now the cheap- ening of bar iron has become the great metal-lurgic desideration.

THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL—THE BESSEMER PROCESS.—Perhaps the best illustration of the progressive character of iron manufacture is furnished by recent improvements in the manufacture of steel. It will be remembered that steel is iron, with one per cent. of carbon, or cast iron from which three-fourths of the carbon has been removed. Twenty-five years ago, all our steel was made by what is called the "cementation" process, so well known that I need not describe it. About this time, Mr. Bessemer, an English iron-master, conceived the plan of forcing common air into melted pig iron, and thus, by bringing its oxygen in contact with the carbon, to induce the formation of carbonic acid, eliminate the carbon and produce malleable iron ; or, by arresting the process at a certain point, to leave the fluid metal in the condition of cast steel. Upon trial, the injection of even cold air into molten iron, instead of chilling it, as many predicted, produced ignition and intense heat. 'This was the germ of the famous Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel—a process by which fully one-half of the steel now made is produced, and by which, as has been stated, the cost of steel has been reduced at least one-half. Many years elapsed before Mr. Bessemer succeeded in overcoming all the mechanical difficulties which stood in his way, and in silencing the opposition which the conservatism of the iron manufacture offered. Now the process may be said to be not only a success, but a triumph, and its author deserves to be regarded as one of the greatest benefactors of the human. race. For the production of steel, Mr. Bessemer first proposed to arrest the combustion of the carbon in the iron, so as to leave about one per cent. unconsumed. This point was found difficult to hit, and he ultimately adopted the method of adding, after the process was complete, the requisite quantity of carbon, in the form of "spiegelcion," a highly carbonized cast iron. This is the course now generally adopted, and steel is being thus made in large quantities, not only in Europe, but in our own country, and our own State.

The Siemens-Martin process—invented and -largely employed in France, and in use at Tren- ton, New Jersey—is a simple and perfectly man- ageable method of producing steel, but it is doubt- ful if it can rival, in simplicity and cheapness, the Bessemer process.

THE BARRON PROCESS.—This is a new method, and one, perhaps, not yet beyond the condition of an experiment, but it has, at least, sufficed for the production of steel of as fine a quality as has ever been made by any other means. The whole process consists in exposing malleable iron to the action of gaseous hydro-carbons, at a temperature just below fusion. Under these circumstances, the iron rapidly and regularly absorbs the carbon of the gas, and becomes steel. By the Barron process, shapes of iron are converted into steel without change of form, and this is the most satisfactory application of it I have seen. For example, tools or implements, of any kind, may be moulded and cast, these shapes made malleable by the ordinary process, and then, by impregnation, converted into steel, -coming out scissors, knives, axes, or other implements, of the very best quality, with no forging whatever. Whether this method is capable of effecting cheaply the conversion of large masses of iron, is not yet demonstrated, though it is claimed ; but from the fact that a piece of iron may, by this means, be Covered with a sheet of enamel, or coated with a layer of any desired thickness of steel, while yet retaining all the toughness of its iron core, and, by a coating of clay, the absorption of carbon may be limited to any portion of the surface acted upon, it is evident that this method is destined to have extensive application in the arts. The quality of steel made by this process is such as leaves nothing to be desired. With tailors' shears, cast in form, made malleable, then converted by the Barron process, I have cut Florence silk so nicely as to prove the edge perfect ; then, with the same shears have cut up sheets of tin and untempered steel, returning to the silk, have found the edge wholly unimpaired, and this after a repetition of the trial more than twenty times.

PRIOR TO THE REBELLION—LIGHT HORSE COMPANY—BRIGADE ORDERS— ARTILLERY COMPANY— THE FANTASTICALS--THE ZANESVILLE GUARDS —PUTNAM GRAYS—ZANESVILLE, LIGHT 1NFANT- RY—ZANESVILLE LANCERS—MUSKINGUM IN THE REBELLION—COMPILED FROM " OHIO 1N THE WAR," AND THE ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, AT WASHINGTON, D. C., AND COLUMBUS, OHIO— THE FIRST COMPANY—THE 3D, 19TH, 24TH, 32D, 15TH, 16TH, 62D, 67TH, 78T11, 97TH, O. V. I.— 9TH O. V. C.—122D, 2D, O. V. I.-5TH 1NDEPENDENT BATTALION 13TH O. V. C.—159TH, 160TH, 178TH, 195TH, 196TH, 198T11, O. V. I.— ROSTERS OF THESE TROOPS FOLLOWING THE CHAPTER—ROLL OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY'S DEAD SOLDIERS—GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC— HAZLETT POST, NO. 81.

The first military organization was termed a "Light Horse Company," commanded by Captain Benoni Pierce. They were mustered in by Samuel Thompson, in 1809. This was probably the first cavalry company in Southeastern Ohio, and took an active part in the war with the Indi- ans, and "the War of '12." Captain Pierce was killed in a battle with Indians. John Alter, Sr., (father of John Alter, who died in Zanesville,

September 30th, 1879) was a member of this company. The last named furnished this information.

The "Muskingum Messenger" and "Ohio Intelligencer," of January, 18—, contained the following :

"BRIGADE ORDERS.—The commissioned officers of the First Battalion, in the First Regiment of the Fourth Brigade, will meet at the court house in Zanesville, on Friday, the first day of February, next, at ten o'clock, A. M., for the purpose of electing a Colonel of said regiment. The commissioned officers of the Second Battalion will meet for the same purpose, on Saturday, the

2d of February, next, at ten o'clock, A. M., at the house of William Burnam, Esq., in Springfield. The cavalry officers attached to the First Battalion Regiment will vote with the First Battalion.

In 1812, James Herron was appointed a captain in the regular army, and had charge of one of the recruiting stations in Zanestown. His office was first in "Mud Hollow," and then on South. Fifth street.

"In the fall of 1818, an artillery company was formed. It was the first after the war of '12." July 4th, 1825, this company, commanded by Captain John Stanton, proceeded to Licking Summit, and assisted in the celebration of the completion of the Ohio canal. Their skill in artillery practice was much admired. Colonel John Sockman handled a six-pounder so well, that the Zanestown company received the honors in the contest in gunnery.

MILITIA TRAINING.—Under the old regime this was kept up long after any necessity for it existed, and the citizens seemed powerless to abolish it. On this account, some waggish citizens determined to try the effect of ridicule, and, about 1833, organized the "Fantasticals," for the purpose of burlesquing the militia.

They were in their glory in 1834, and afforded infinite amusement to the members, as well as citizens, generally, and successfully brought into contempt the militia trainings, so that they came out against their will. The organization, though composed of the bon ton, carried the day in buffoonery. It is said that they were even hideous. The most grotesque costume was the desideratum, and when the "Fantasticals" were out in full feather, the "Cornstalk Militia" made what might be called an involuntary appearance ! Lem. Owens was Colonel Pluck, in command of the Fantasticals, and prided himself in his suit of calico ; the coat cut 'spike tail,' and adorned with white buttons of monster proportions ; the shoulders decorated with enormous sun-flowers, politely termed epaulets. His sword was of burnished tin, ten feet long ; his spurs were on the same liberal pattern, about eighteen inches in diameter ; his hat was of dimensions that would have gratified the most ambitious hussar, and was adorned with a sweeping fox tail ; his hands were stained with poke-berries, in imitation of lavender kids ; and his lavender neck-tie was "perfectly excruciating," with ends almost touching the ground, borne now here, now there, by the playful wind. Such was the patriotism that pervaded the community, that even "Parson Jones" was inspired to lend his old mare to Colonel Pluck, for the occasion, notwithstanding the antiquity of the quadruped, and as a compliment, in remembrance of her ancestral reputation, which, though traditional, was handed down from father to son, with scrupulous fidelity, recounting the different fluids of fine blooded animals that were supposed to course through her veins, but, of course, saying nothing about how long and severely she had been over- strained, remembering her once fiery spirit, when young blood flowed vigorously through the now shadowy form—they named her Bucephalus and thought of Alexander, and his famous charger ! They bedecked her with gay caparisons, held her head up and led her forth, so altered in apperance, that the gallant Colonel Pluck scarce knew the old mare. There was a charm about this new created charger ; it was her airy form ; it gave unmistakable assurance of offering the least possible resistance to the air through which it passed. And it is not improbable, notwithstanding her heraldry and pride of birth, that her rider inwardly exclaimed :

And yet, with gravity becoming the occasion, he caused his orderlies to take position on either side of the steed, ostensibly to hold the stirrups until his feet were adjusted therein, but really to secure him against accident, in case the mare should give way under "the conquering hero." The applause of the multitude, as they beheld this strategic performance, was both long and loud, and not withheld when they beheld the glow of patriotism that illumined the faces of the rank and file, and saw with what alacrity every command was obeyed, convincing even the "Cornstalk Militia" of their warlike bearing and character.

With this thought uppermost, "The Fantasticals" marched and counter-marched up and down Main street, and over to "John Lee's Tavern," in West Zanesville, the usual rendezvous of the "Cornstalk Militia," and where they called their roll, in imitation of whom the Fantasticals also called their roll. And however disciplinary this part of their performance may have been intended, it was manifest that no member was guilty of absenting himself, or ashamed to

IN the spring of 1882 the above gentlemen pur- chased the old Wainwright Brewery, in the Third ward, in close proximity to the banks of the Mus- kingum river. The factory is forty by one hun- dred and sixty feet in the clear, with a canning capacity of fifteen thousand cans per day. In the busy season from two to three hundred men, women and children find profitable employment within its walls. This is the only establishment of the kind in this section of the country, and is fitted up with all modern improvements. As Muskingum county is known to be in the fruit belt of the State, the success of this house is assured. All fruits and vegetables purchased are carefully selected, prior to canning. Orders flow in almost uninterruptedly, and the firm are kept quite busily engaged in supplying their Eastern and Western trade.

be heard, although their names would have taxed the ability of the nomads of Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, and "the rest of mankind," to pronounce ; they responded in stentorian voice that would have become either of the orators of those people. It was indeed a marvelous demonstration, and the Fantasticals were the acknowledged victors in this bloodless fray, while, with a shout, the cry went up, long live Colonel Pluck and the Fantasticals . And the militia were permitted to retire to their peaceful homes, and the hospitality of a grateful people !

THE ZANESVILLE GUARDS, was the next Organization. This was completed about 1839. The following account, written by a participant, and published in the Zanesville "Courier," was found among E. H. Church's papers :

"The Guards never failed to celebrate the Fourth of July by a parade, and, after the parade, sat down and enjoyed a sumptuous repast, drank toasts, made patriotic speeches, and passed the time away most pleasantly. In those early days,, the greed for gold had not eaten into the marrow of the citizens Of Zanesville. A man was not valued then by the size of his bank account, or in accordance with the amount of blue blood which coursed through his veins. The ladies of Zanesville were always present upon such occasions. And the ladies of those days were intelligent, graceful and beautiful.

"They took pride in the company and its entertainments. It was considered an honor to be present on such occasions. Perhaps the people of the present day would like to know what kind of toasts were drank in the olden time at these entertainments given by the Guards. For the instruction of the present generation of young ladies who would shudder, with horror, at the thought of attending a military ball, we give the following toasts :

'The ladies of Zanesville—by the presentation of a flag to the Zanesville Guards, show themselves the magnanimous daughters of the patriotic mothers, who strewed with flowers and garlands, the path of a retiring and victorious Washington.'

'The ladies of Zanesville—Their modesty, virtue and intelligence, are all-sufficient Guards.'

'The ladies of Zanesville—Fair and patriotic. May patriotism shield them in union and matrimony in peace.'

'The Union of these States—Let it be en- graven on the heart of every true American.'

'The ladies of Zanesville and Putnam—Their beauty and worth, only exceeded by the extent of its circulation.'

The Fourth of July, '76—It has been celebrated with patriotic enthusiasm for upwards of half a century. For the perpetuity of a custom so glorious, I add, 'Keep time, old foot.'

'The Army of the United States—May the spirit of the Father ever animate the breast of the Son.'

'The Navy of the United States—Hearts of oak, few in number, strong in honor, great in fame.'

"Among those most prominent in getting up toasts for these entertainments, was Colonel N. A. Guille, who was always ready with a good ringing speech, whenever called upon."

The next company was the Putnam Greys, organized under R. N. Dunlap, who was elected Captain, but soon after resigned, and Captain Jesse P. Hatch, who had been their drill master, was elected to fill the vacancy. Matthew Ashmore made their uniforms, which consisted of dark grey cloth, swallow tailed coats, bound with black braid, brass buttons, black waist belts, black leather cartridge boxes, large white metal waist plate, inscribed with the letters P. G., black cord on the side seams of the pants, black leather caps, with white fountain plumes, tipped with blue.

The other officers were : William Ely, First Lieutenant ; Lawson Wiles, Second Lieutenant ; Waldo B. Guthrie, Orderly Sergeant. [The other officers not named.]

The company numbered, rank and file, eighty-four men. . The first appearance in full dress parade, was on the afternoon of October, loth, 1839 ; at which time, also, first appeared the Zanesville Light Infantry Battalion, Second Brigade, Fifteenth Division, Ohio Militia. Captain Hatch was a graduate of the military school at Norwich, Vermont, and had filled a professorship in the Virginia Military Academy. The members of the company were among the leading citizens of Putnam. The following are their names, as far .as can now be obtained : Jesse P. Hatch, William Ely, Waldo B. Gutbrie, Matthew Ashrnore, C. W. Potwin, Nathan Spear, R. N. Dunlap, Z. M. Chandler, Daniel McCarty-, Jackson Ely, William Berkshire, Stephen H. Guthrie, Albert Gillett, Frank Whipple, Martin Thomas, James Safford, Munroe Ayers, James G. Manly,. John Goshen, John Miser, Henry Ely, John Van Horne, Jerry Barber, Calvin Baltis, Joshua Josslyn, James Flynn, James McFeters, George Allen, Richard. Osborn, Henry Jones, Cyrus. Brown, Cornelius McCarty, Luke Stallard, William Munch, Lewis Munch, William Israel, George N. Guthrie, Frank Thompson, Charles Northrop, Welles, Hawes, Davis, Lindsay; William Alexander, Benjamin Tuttle, Alfred Jones,. Henry Ewing, John Weaver, Frank Taylor, John Irvin, James Launder, William Launder, James Alexander, Leroy Perry, Valentine Best, and John Forgraves. The musicians were : George Allen, fifer ; John Forgraves, snare. drummer ; and James Safford, bass drummer.

In the winter of 1839-40, the "Zanesville Lancers" were recruited by E. H. Churcb, and regularly organized and mustered in. Henry Clayton was elected Captain ; Jacob Sperry', First Lieutenant ; John D. Ford, Second Lieutenant ; and J. L. Fracker, Orderly Sergeant. The members of this company were all boys,

and numbered one hundred strong. Captain French, of the United States army, then a resident of Zanesville, was their drill-master. Soon after the organization, Samuel S. Cox was elected a member, and was promoted from the position of "high private" to Orderly Sergeant. It is said that Mr. Cox takes just pride in referring to this event in his life in Zanesville.

In 1840, this company occupied the post of honor in welcoming General William H. Harrison, Whig candidate for President, to this city. The meeting was held under the old elm tree, on North Sixth street. Here General Harrison de- livered his last political speech.

The members of the Lancers, as far as can now be learned, were : William Culbertson, John D. Ford, Joseph T. Ford, J. L. Fracker, William Dulty, Crosley, Caldwell, Charles Hunt- ington, William Mizer, Henry Clayton, Jacob Sperry, James Warner, Hiram Davidson, John P. Fox, Henry Stulson, H. Bell, George Covey, George Ross, Nat. Dutro, H. Parish, Richard Ball, Thomas Pierce, Henry I. Pierce, James Thompson, William Bailey, Wesley Hatton, Isaac Fell, Victor Fell, Solomon Brock, David Sheward, H. T. Pierce, John Winn, Henry Wil- ley, James Van Buren, and Owen and Albert Langworthy. .

These military companies demonstrated the latent military talent of the people—how readily they can take up arms, and how easily lay them down again. This ability, so completely dor- mant when peace reigns within our borders, has been found of the highest order when war's stern necessity called it forth, as the host of heroes on many a hard fought battle field attest.

When the Nation, striving only to enforce its lainrs and maintain its lawfully elected rulers, suddenly found itself plunged in a war that promised to envelop half its territory, it confided its "grand army" to the leadership of an Ohio general—Irvin McDowell ; and when beaten at the outset, less by the enemy than by its own rawness, that army retreated in disorder from the field it had fairly won, and the panic of the first Bull Run seemed to freeze the currents of National life, another Ohio general—George B. McClellan--was called to the command, as he came fresh from the first successful campaign, to restore confidence and reorganize the army. And, as invading the enemy's country—whose preparations for war, hitherto not comprehended, were found general and desperate—the difficulties so multiplied that the Nation found itself distrusting men of known sagacity, military skill, and courage, yet a new commander waS sought, and this time the trust was reposed in William S. Rosecrans.

As the war expanded, the State of Ohio con- tinued to preserve a similar prominence. Through three campaigns, the greatest of the National armies remained under the leadership of an Ohio general. This officer also succeeded the veteran, Scott, as General-in-Chief, in com- mand of all our armies. Yet another Ohioan, General Don Carlos Buell, commanded the great department which lay south of Ohio, till, after pushing back the war from the border to the Al- abama line, he was caught and submerged in its refluent tide, and another Ohio general was summoned from fields of victory in the Southwest, to take his place. General O. M. Mitchell, of Cincinnati, commanded the Department of the South, until death came to his release. And to another Ohioan, General Q, A. Gillmore, was reserved the honor of revolutionizing gunnery—in destroying the fort around which the war had opened, and in the downfall of which was echoed the doom of the Rebellion."

Fathers, mothers, wives, sisters—aye, and brothers, too—mourn the loss of dear ones ; and many an empty sleeve and absent limb, shattered hand, and scar, remind us of the ravages of that war ; and it is but a slight tribute to those patriots, who, with their lives and treasure, subdued our enemies and saved our grand republic, that their names should be enrolled with whatever of praise we are capable of bestowing, for, whereas we were in greatest peril,

And Ohio hears, with pride, the names of U. S. Grant, P. H. Sheridan, and W. T. Sherman, praised by the Nation ; and yet, with a pride that language cannot, fully express, would she perpetuate the memory of those who tilled her regiments, made statesmen and generals ; they merit more praise than all others.

And in doing this, she would not forget the patriot fathers and mothers, who counted their sons and sent them forth. They followed them to the camps, saw them waste in action, and die of disease ; Saw them led by the inexperienced, to slaughter. Stricken with anguish, they still maintained their purpose, and numbered the people again, and sent fresh thousands. They followed them with generous gifts, and prayers. They cared for the stricken families, and made otherwise desolate lives beautiful with the charities of a gracious Christianity. They infused a religious zeal into the contest. They held their soldiers to be engaged in a holy war. They

truly believed that through battle, and siege, and reverse, God was waiting, in His own good time, to give them the victory.

Almost every family had in that war one dead for the holy cause ; by almost every hearthstone, was heard lamention for those that were not. And yet there were those, in that dark and trying hour, who aforetime had been exalted to places of honor, who so far forgot the inevitable result as to aid treason, in trying to induce the people to pause, declaring the war a failure and a crime, and used their influence against the government, pretending to favor peace on any terms, save the blood of sons, husbands and fathers. But the patriot heart of father, mother, sister and wife, beat too strong, and they heeded not their traitorous counsel. And by a vote more decisive than had ever been known in the history of American elections, rejected the tempter. Thenceforth the position of Ohio has been a watchword to the Nation. And we refrain from giving the names of those traitors, preferring to leave them to the worst company we know of themselves. This will doubtless be the decision of every historian.

The State which contributed such leaders in the Cabinet, such Generals in the field, and an army of three hundred and ten thousand soldiers to follow them, may well be pardoned for desiring her achievements separately recorded, that finding themselves grouped together, those who come after us may trace their career with State, as well as National pride. And teach their sons to emulate. such as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Rosecrans, Mitchell, McPherson, McDowell, McClellan, Buell, Gillmore, Steedman, Hazen, Scheuch, Stanton, Chase, Wade, Dennison, Todd and Brough, and nearly every one of the two hundred and thirty military organizations.

They may see how by the aid of these, the army grew into shape and power, how it was led " always to honor," often " to victory," and finally to glorious success. " This was Ohio in the war."

Within twenty four hours after the President of the United States called for troops, the State Senate had matured, carried through the several readings, and passed a bill, appropriating one million of dollars for placing the State upon a war footing, and for assisting the General Government in meeting the shock of the Rebellion. On that memorable 15th day of April; 1861, Ohio's Capital was wild with the excitement of the call, to arms ! And on the 16th, the feeling was even more intense ; troops were arriving, the telegraph and mails were burdened with exhortations to the Legislature, to grant money and men, to any extent. The very air was laden with the clamor of war, and the swift haste of the people to plunge into it ; and on tbe 17th, every pulse was at fever heat.

The Senators of Ohio, as a last effort, passed the Corwin constitutional amendment. The eight who had the foresight to recognize that the 17th of April, 1861, was not a time to be striving to add security to Slavery, were Buck, Cox, Garfield, Glass, Monroe, Parish and Smith.

Governor Dennison's message on that momentous occasion concluded as follows : " But as the contest may grow to greater dimensions than now is anticipated, I deem it my duty to recommend to the General Assembly of this State, to make provisions proportionate to its means, to assist the National authorities in restoring the integrity of the Union, in all its amplitude, as the only means of preserving the rights of all the States, and in insuring the permanent peace and prosperity, of the whole country. I earnestly recommend, also, that an appropriation of not less than four hundred and fifty thousand dollars, be immediately made for the purchase of arms and equipments, for the use of the volunteer militia of the State. I need not remind you of the pressing exigency for the prompt organization and arming of the military force of the State."

The Senate, under the leadership of Mr. Garfield, matured and passed a bill, defining and providing Punishment, for the crime of treason against the State of Ohio. It declared any resident of the State who gave aid and comfort to the enemies of the United States, guilty of treason against the State, to be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary at hard labor, for life. With the passage of these bills, all semblance of party opposition to the necessary war measures, disappeared from the proceedings of the Legislature.

Mr. Vallandingham visited the Capital and earnestly remonstrated with the Democrats, for giving their sanction to the war ; but the patriotic enthusiasm of the crisis, could not be controlled by party discipline. Under the leadership of Speaker Woods, a bill passed exempting the property of volunteers from execution for debt, during their service. Then, as within a few days it became evident that far more troops were pressing for acceptance than were needed to fill the President's call for thirteen regiments, the Legislature acceded to the sagacious suggestion of the Governor, that they should be retained for the service of the State. The bill authorized the acceptance of ten regiments, provided five hundred thousand dollars for their payment, and a million and a half more, to be used in case of invasion of the State, or the appearance of danger of invasion.

The first company from Muskingum county was raised by Captain John C. Hazlett, the brilliant young Prosecuting Attorney of the county. The President's call for 75,000 troops, to serve three months, had scarcely flashed over the wires, on the 17th day of April, 1861, when Captain Hazlett began to recruit his company, and on Wednesday, the 19th, having filled his quota, took his company to Columbus, and was assigned to the First Ohio Infantry, Alex. McD. McCook, Colonel commanding, and on Thursday, the loth, started for Washington, D. C. At Vienna, a station on the B. & 0. Railroad, in Virginia, they were fired on by a battery, in am-

bush, and four of their number were killed. After assisting in fortifying the Capital, they proceeded to Bull Run, and took part in that fearful -conflict, losing, however, only three killed and several wounded.

At the expiration of their three months, Company H was brought back to Columbus and mustered out,. most of the members re-enlisting in other organizations. Captain Hazlett immediately began recruiting another company, first known as A, then E Company, Second O.V. I., and it was while commanding this company at the battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862, that he received the wound from which he subsequently died.

In August, 1861, the regiment began to re-organize for three years service, the organization being completed in October, and was subsequently brigaded with the First Kentucky, or Louisville Legion, the Sixth Indiana, First Battalion of the Fifteenth U. S. Infantry and Battalions of the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Infantry, forming the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division, and was subsequently under General Grant, moving on Fort Henry. This regiment marched in company with General Buell's army, in pursuit of Braggs' Rebel army, then on its way to Louisville, the history of which is too well known, even if we intended to recite the important movements, to repeat. The army of Ohio, under General Buell, was placed under General William S. Rosecrans, who immediately organized it, and named it the Army of the Cumberland. General W. Sill was the Division in which the First was brigaded ; he was superseded by General R. W. Johnson, and the name of the Division changed to the Fourteenth Army Corps, Second Division, right wing, Army of the Cumberland. The principal battles in which they were engaged were Stone River, Tullahoma, and Liberty Gap.

The company and regimental organization of Ohio troops being given at the close of this chapter, that portion of the record is omitted here.

The Second 0. V. I. was in the battles of Murfreesboro, Shelbyville, Fayetteville, and Huntsville--formed a part of the Fourteenth Army Corps, under General Thomas, up to Atlanta, participating in all the marches and bat-. tles of that distinguished corps ; it was in the battle of Stone River that its Colonel was killed at the head of his regiment, and Major Maxwell and Captain Hazlett were wounded.

THE THIRD 0. V. I.—From Clarksburg, the Third Ohio advanced with the army, nothing of interest occurring until the 5th day of July, when. the regiment lay at Buckhannon, Virginia. A scouting party of fifty men, under Captain 0. A. Lawson, of Company A, was sent out by General Schleich to reconnoitre the road leading to the Rebel position, at Rich Mountain. Proceeding cautiously, the little band, upon approaching Middle Fork Bridge, discovered that it was occupied by the enemy. A gallant, but unsuccessful effort was made to dislodge the Rebels. In this first drawing of blood, the detachment lost one man killed, and five wounded. Gathering up the wounded, the party returned to camp. In the hurry the dead soldier was not found, but a few days later, upon the general advance of the army, the body of Sergeant John was found, and decently buried by his comrades ; he was the first man of the Third Ohio to die in battle. The regiment bore an honorable part in the battle of Rich Mountain—Elk Water Creek—resisting General R.. E. Lee's advance, as they appeared on the Huntsville road, and in all subsequent movements of that period, resulting in the repulse of the Rebel army, and its retirement to Mingo Flats. After a few days rest, the National forces resumed their movements. The first encounter of any importance, was at Perryville, Kentucky. In this ill-starred affair, the regiment bore a brave part ; it took position in an open field, at the Perryville road, protected only by a rail fence. The, rebel attack was fierce and deadly, but, notwithstanding their exposure, the Third stood firm, and returned volley for volley, until more than one-third of its number had fallen, dead or wounded. In the opening of the battle, Color Sergeant, William V. McCombrie stood a little in advance of the color guard, bearing the regimental standard proudly aloft. His exposed and marked position instantly brought upon him a fierce fire, from the enemy, and the gallant fellow was killed. Five others shared the same fate, until a sixth rushed forward and caught the colors ere they touched the ground. This last gallant hero was a beardless boy of seventeen, named David C. Walker, of Company C, who successfully carried the flag through the remainder of the action, and was rewarded for bis bravery by being made Color Sergeant on the battle field, by Colonel Beatty. Before the close of the battle, the regiment was ordered to withdraw to the second line, which command it executed in good order, though sorely pressed by the enemy. It remained in its last position until night put an end to the unequal conflict. While in line, General Rosecrans rode up to the regiment and thanked it in the name of the army for its gallant conduct. He said : "You stood in that withering fire like men of iron." Its loss in this battle was 212 officers and men killed and wounded. They were in the battle of Stone River, on the right of the center, and then on the extreme left, amid terrible fighting, and were subsequently taken prisoners by the rebel, General Forrest, and endured great hardships en route from Rome to Atlanta, via. Knoxville, to Richmond, Virginia ; when on Belle Isle they remained in the open air for ten days, when they were paroled ; but the officers, including the Chaplain and Surgeons, were incarcerated in Libby Prison, and underwent its loathsome horrors. An exchange being ordered, the Third Ohio was included in its provisions, and returned to Ohio, and until August f, 1863, was engaged in quelling local trouble. At that time it received orders to report to General Gordon Granger, at Nashville, Tennessee, for duty, and was soon again armed and equipped, and order-

ed to join its old brigade, under General John Beatty, at Stevenson, Alabama, and took part in the engagement at Anderson Gap, and a number of others, and when the term of service expired, June 23, 1864, reported at Camp Dennison, and was mustered out. After a brief visit to their homes, the great majority of the men and officers re-entered the service in other regiments "for the war" and performed gallant service up to the end of the strife, many of them laying down their lives a willing sacrifice for their country.

THE NINETEENTH O. V. I.—This regiment was among the organizations which sprang into existence at the sound of the guns at Fort Sumter. It was composed of recruits from seven counties : Company A, from Canton, Stark county ; B, from Youngstown, Mahoning county ; C, from Warren, Trumbull county ; D and I, from Ashtabula ; E and H, from New Lisbon, Columbiana county ; F, from Geauga county ; G and K, from Akron, Summit county ; for which record, see Volume II., page 134, Ohio in the War, 1868, by Whitelaw Reid, and note that no company is credited to Muskingum county, whereas, the mil itary records at Columbus, and numerous members of this regiment now living, certify that companies E and K were recruited and mustered at Camp Goddard, at Zanesville, Muskingum county. Lieutenant S. Lentz, of Company E, died of typhoid fever, February 9th, 1862 ; also, Sergeant August Johns, same disease, in Columbus. Over two hundred were in hospital, having measles and typhoid fever. Among the hard fought battles in which this regiment participated, was Stone River, which the Nineteenth Ohio, and Ninth Kentucky, were the first to cross. The Nineteenth entered the battle with four hundred and forty-nine men, and lost, in killed, wounded, and missing, two hundred and thirteen—nearly half. Returning to Chattanooga, it was almost immediately sent with Sherman toward Knoxville. This march was one among the severest during the war. The men were ragged and almost shoeless, and left their footprints in blood on the snowy ground. They re-enlisted, January 1, 1864, as veteran volunteers, and by the 16th reached Chattanooga, where the papers were prepared—the three years' regiment was mustered out, and the veteran Nineteenth mustered in. The regiment then returned to Ohio, reaching Cleveland, February 16th, 1864, and returned soon after, reaching Knoxville the 24th of March. May 6th, Sherman's entire command entered on the Atlanta campaign. The Nineteenth Regiment was sent to Parker's Gap, to hold that pass. On the loth it rejoined its brigade, at Cassville. Captain Charles Brewer, of Company E, was killed in the fight at New Hope Church ; Major Nash lost his left hand ; Captain Smith, of Company G, was severely wounded in the head, and forty-four men were killed and wounded. In the action at Lovejoy Station, Captain Agard, Company K, was severely wounded in the shoulder, and seventy-nine men killed and wounded. It captured the enemy's front line of works, and held them for three days, and until Sherman's army returned to Atlanta. It served faithfully in the many trying marches and sanguinary 'conflicts, and returned to Columbus, Ohio, November 22d, and was discharged at Camp Chase, November 25th, 1865, after nearly five years of service.

TWENTY-FOURTH O. V. I.—This Regiment organized at Camp Chase, near Columbus, in tbe latter part of June, 1861. Company B reported from Zanesville. The regiment took part in most of the skirmishes between Pittsburgh Landing and Corinth, and was one of the first regiments to enter the latter place, and was with the army in pursuit of the enemy in North Mississippi, and North Alabama, and in July, of the same year, camped at McMinnville, Tennessee. In December, 1862, General Rosecrans advanced from Nashville. The Twenty-fourth was reduced by sickness, and other losses, to thirteen officers and three hundred and forty men. With this strength it went into the battle of Stone River. The loss of the regiment, in this battle, was one-fourth of the entire strength with which it went into it. It participated, also, in the battles of Woodbury, Tennessee, Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Taylor's Ridge, etc. The colors of the regiment were presented to the State, to be placed in the archives for preservation, Colonel A. T. M. Cockerill turning them over with a few pertinent remarks. In response, Governor Brough said :

"Colonel, Officers, and Soldiers of the Twenty-fourth—I thank you, in behalf of the people of the State of Ohio, not only for the colors, but for having borne them so nobly and gallantly, as you have, throughout the three years' service. They come worn and tattered, but there is not a rent in them that is not honorable, and an emblem of your bravery and gallantry. No regiment that has gone from Ohio has endured hardships with greater cheerfulness, or more nobly discharged its duty. Yes, sir," turning to the Colonel, "no matter what the future may bring forth, no regiment can occupy a better position than the one you have had the honor to command. I shall place these banners in the archives of the State, as historic mementoes, worthy of any people. Again, soldiers, I thank you."

THIRTY-SECOND O. V. I.—This regiment was sent to the field from Camp Dennison. The date of the commissions of the field officers was July 26th, 1861. They reported to Brigadier General Reynolds, commanding the District of Cheat Mountain, headquarters at Huntsville, and were assigned to the command stationed at Cheat Mountain Summit, Colonel Kimball, Fourteenth Indiana Volunteers, commanding the post. The Thirty-second had been hurried to the field without military discipline—hardly organized. Upon the rugged heights of Cheat Mountain, amid the wild scenery of the Alleghanies, the regiment learned its first lesson in the art of war. They led the advance against Greenbrier, Virginia, through the mountains and pines, at midnight, and remained at Greenbrier during the fall of 1861, watching the movements of the enemy, then

commanded by the rebel General, Robert E. Lee. They were in General Milroy's command, taking the advance of the expedition which resulted in the capture of Camp Alleghany, Huntsville, Monterey and McDowell.

In Fremont's pursuit of Jackson, up the Shenandoah Valley, the Thirty-second bore its part, and participated in the battle of Cross Keys and Port Republic. In the defense of Harper s Ferry, the regiment lost some brave and gallant men. In August, 1863, it accompanied Stephens' expedition to Monroe, Louisiana, and McPherson's expedition to Brownsville, Mississippi, in October, of the same year, and was with Sherman in February, 1864, at Meridian, losing twenty-two men at Bohers' Creek, Mississippi, at which last affair Captain M. A. McAllister was severely wounded while gallantly leading the advance. When their term of service expired, more than three-fourths of them re-enlisted as veterans, joining the army at Cairo, Illinois, on the 21st of April, 1864, with its ranks largely augmented by recruits. The Thirty second was identified with the movements of the Seventeenth Army Corps, in Sherman's advance against Atlanta, and par- ticipated in the assault on Kenesaw Mountain, Nicojack, near the Chattahoochie River, also, in the battles before Atlanta, and lost more than half its number in killed and wounded. After the fall of Atlanta, the Thirty-second moved with the army in pursuit of Hood, after which, it rejoined General Sherman, and accompanied him on his "March to the Sea."

COMPANY A, FIFTEENTH O. V. I.—This Com- pany was recruited at New Concord, during July and August, 1861, for three months service. 'When this term expired, Captain R. W. P. Muse resigned, and Sergeant James C. Cummins was tendered the position, which he accepted, and, by order of the Governor of Ohio, reported to Colonel Moses R. Dickey, who had been authorized to organize an infantry regiment at Mansfield, Richland county, Ohio. Captain Cummins, and his one hundred men, arrived at Camp Bartley on the evening of September 6th, and the company was mustered into the United States service "for three years, or during the war," three days later. The company were mostly young men—aye, in their "teens"—from the best families of eastern Muskingum and the western part of Guernsey counties ; ad not a few had left college, store, and shop--thirsting for military glory--not anticipating the hardships and dangers incident to a three years' campaign of war.

Early in October, 1861, they left for Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, where they received their arms and equipments, and proceeded to the rendezvous for the Army of the Ohio, at Mumfordsville, Kentucky. Here, the Fifteenth was brigaded with the Forty-ninth Ohio, and Thirty-second and Thirty-ninth Indiana Volunteers, an organization that remained unbroken, to the close of the war, and was known as "Willich's Brigade.." Its gallant commander, Brig- adier General August Willich, was one of the German exiles of 1847, who entered the War of the Rebellion early in the struggle, as Colonel of the Thirty-second Indiana. This regiment participated in the first advance of the Army of the Ohio--breaking camp, February 14th, 1862, to move South. At the reorganization of the Western Army, the brigade was attached to the Army of the Cumberland, and took part in all of its campaigns. In the fall of 1863, when the call for veteran volunteers was issued, nearly every member of Company A re-enlisted. They were then given a furlough of thirty days, and arrived home February 11th, 1864. On the 15th of March, following, the company returned to Columbus, Ohio, and with the regiment filled up by recruits, embarked for , Tennessee, about the close of that month. The Army of the Cumberland was being reorganized for the campaign into the heart of the Confederacy, under General Sherman. The company participated in that wonderful march down to Atlanta, and back to Nashville, and thence, to the mountains of East Tennessee, and remained there until the spring of 1865. In June, following, General Wood's Division, to which the Fifteenth was attached, was ordered to Texas, and, passing down the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi rivers, crossed the Gulf of Mexico, and arrived at their destination about the middle of July. During the summer, the regiment was quartered at San Antonio, doing.guard duty, where they received their order to be mustered out, and reached Columbus, Ohio, December 25th, 1865—being mustered out the next day—having served four years and five months. Of the one hundred men mustered at Mansfield, in 1861, but thirty- five remained at the close of the war, in 1865. Eight were killed on the field of battle, or died of wounds received there, twelve died from dis- ease, in hospitals, and forty-five were discharged for disability. The company had added fifty- seven recruits during its service.

The company participated in the battles of Shiloh, Tennessee ; siege of Corinth, Mississippi; Stone River, Murfreesboro, Tennessee ; Middleton, Tennessee ; Liberty Gap, Tennessee ; Chickamauga, Tennessee ; Mission Ridge, Chattanooga, Tennessee ; Rocky Face, Resaca, Pickett's Mills, Pine Top, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, and Lovejoy's Station, Georgia ; Franklin, Nashville, and Columbia, Tennessee.

SIXTEENTH O. V. I.—This regiment was organized under Colonel John E. De Courcey, at Camp Tiffin, near Wooster, Ohio, on the 2cf day of October, 1861, and mustered in the same day ; reached Camp Dennison November 28th, and, on the i9th of December, was ordered to Lex- ington, Kentucky, and, the following January, reported to General S. P. Carter, at Somerset, Kentucky. At this point, the regiment was engaged in repairing and building military roads, to facilitate the transportation of supplies to General Thomas' forces, at Mills Springs, where a battle was fought by General Thomas, on the

19th of January ; the regiment being ordered up during the fight, though it was unable to reach the ground, on account of a flood in Fishing Creek.

On August 6th, the Sixteenth was ordered to relieve the Fourteenth Kentucky, at Tazewell. About ten A. Ni., of that day, two companies (B and E) of the regiment were sent forward as advance pickets. Companies F and D were ordered to the right of the Main Hill road, on the same duty. Companies C and G were held in reserve. At eleven A. M., a heavy skirmishing commenced at the front, and continued until the enemy appeared on the front and right, in force. Companies D and F were compelled to fall back. Companies B and E were cut off from the main force by a rebel brigade, and most of them captured. Companies C and G were ordered up, as a support, but were also overwhelmed, and compelled to fall back to a position on the left of the road. They were now re-enforced by stragglers from other companies, and held the enemy in check for two hours, when the ammunition was exhausted. They fell back to the main line, where the National forces were massed. Toward night, the National army retreated into the intrenchments, the enemy following them to within three miles of the Gap.

September 8th, the Sixteenth Ohio and its brigade were ordered to Manchester, Ky., for supplies. On the i9th, this force was joined by the remainder of the National troops from the Gap. The supplies having been almost completely exhausted, General Morgan ordered a retreat toward the Ohio River. This retreat was opposed by the enemy, who harassed the National forces by frequent attacks, and by placing obstructions in the roads, up to Grayson, Kentucky, within twenty-five miles of the Ohio river. The sufferings of the men on this march were very severe, having nothing to eat for several days, excepting ears of corn, gathered from the fields as they passed. To quench their thirst, the men were compelled to drink water collected in stagnant pools. On the third of October, the command arrived at Greenupsburg, Kentucky, on the Ohio river, utterly worn out, ragged, shoeless, and covered with the accumulated dust of sixteen day's march. Resting until the 21st Of- October, at Portland, Ohio, the regiment moved to Charleston, Virginia, on the Kanawha river. On the toth of November, it marched under orders, to Point Pleasant, Virginia, and there .embarked on steamers, for Memphis, Tennessee, arriving on the 27th, of the same month. December loth, it moved with Sherman's command on transports, to the rear of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and participated, on the 29th, in the disastrous assault on Chickesaw Bayou. In this affair, the Sixteenth suffered terribly, losing three hundred and eleven officers and men killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. After the assault, the command of the regiment devolved on Captain E. W. Botsford.

On April 6th, 1863, the regiment joined General Grant's expedition to the rear of Vicksburg.

It was engaged at Thompson's Hill, on the 1st of May, and lost nine men, killed and wounded. It was engaged at Champion Hills, on Boher's Creek, on the 16th of May, and on the 17th, at Black River Bridge. May 19th, it took a prominent part in the disastrous assault on the Rebel works in the rear of Vicksburg. In these several engagements, the regiment lost seventy in killed and wounded. It remained in the rear of Vicksburg until its fall, July 4th, 1863, and July 6th, was ordered to Jackson, Mississippi, where it participated in the siege, and capture, of that place. Numerous other engagements of varying success, all attended with hardship, and frequently with loss, were participated in by the Sixteenth. They reached Columbus, 0., October 14th, and were paid and discharged from the service, the last day of that month, 1863.

The total number of deaths from all causes, in the regiment, was two hundred and fifty one. On surgeon's certificate of disability, one hundred and eighty-six were discharged, and thirty- eight were transferred to the Veteran Reserve corps, fifteen of whom were directly from the regiment. Before, leaving Morganza, the recruits, ninety in number, were transferred to the One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio, to serve out the expiration of its term of enlistment. The number of officers and men mustered out at the expiration of its term of service, was four hundred and seventy-seven, all that was left of one thousand one hundred and ninety--one, the total of the original organization and recruits.

SIXTY-SECOND 0. V. I.—This regiment, organized at Camp Goddard, near Zanesville, in November, 1861. On the 17th of January, 1862, the Governor ordered it to report to General Rosecrans, then commanding in Western Virginia. On the 3oth of the following June, it was sent on board transports, and sailed for Fortress Monroe, thence to Harrison's Landing, and to the front on picket duty. On August 16th, it moved in the famous retreat down the Peninsula to Yorktown, and Fortress Monroe, and from thence to Suffolk, and subsequently made a reconnaissance to Black Water ; but we cannot attempt to recite all its movements, only naming a few of the most prominent. In the assault on Fort Wagner, it lost 150 men, killed and wounded ; it took part in the siege of Charleston, which lasted from the loth of July, to the 31st of October. The regiment re-enlisted in January, 1864, as veterans, and was allowed the usual 30 days' furlough. March 3d, it rendezvoused at Washington City and was immediately sent to the front, near Petersburg, Virginia, and from this time on, the Sixty-second participated in the contest that raged about the lines of the rebel capital.

About the first of September, 1865, the Sixty- second was consolidated with the Sixty-seventh Ohio, and thereafter lost its identity, the number of the Sixty-seventh being retained.

SIXTY-SEVENTH 0. V. I.—This regiment consolidated with the Forty-fifth, both being but part' ly organized previously. It left Columbus, Janu-

ary 19th, 1862, for Western Virginia, under General Lander, to reinforce Tyler's brigade, in do- ink which it passed over an open field, three-quarters of a mile wide, exposed to the enemy's fire. They executed the movement on the double quick, and came into action in splendid order. The enthusiasm, inspired by such patriotic zeal, cannot be described, and only the soldier may feel it. They counted the hardships endured marching up and down the valley, over the mountains and back again from the Potomac to Harrisonburg, from Front Royal to Fredericks- burg, thence to Manassas, to Port Republic, Alexandria, etc., as nothing, if crowned with the reward of subduing the enemies of the country. The regiment, after the expiration of this term of service, re-enlisted, and, after a short furlough, returned to the field, reaching Ber- muda Hundred, Virginia, under General Butler, May 6th, 1864. On the 29th, of the same month, a portion of our lines having fallen into the hands of the rebels, the Sixty-seventh, with other regiments, received orders to re-cap- ture them, which they did by a charge ; the regiment lost sixty-nine officers and men, killed and wounded. The rebel General, W. H. S. Walker, was wounded and captured, his sword passing into the hands of our Colonel Voris, as a trophy. On the 16th of August, four com- panies of the Sixty-seventh charged the rifle pits of the enemy at Deep River, and at the first volley, lost one-third of their men, but before the rebels could reload, the rifle, pits were in our possession. During October, following, the regiment was in four engagements, and lost over one hundred men. During the spring, summer and fall of 1864, the Sixty-seventh confronted the enemy, at all times within range of their guns, and it is creditably reported, that during the year it was under tire two hundred times.

SEVENTY-EIGHTH O. V. I.—This regiment was raised under special authority from Gover: nor Dennison, issued to M. D. Leggett, of Zanesville. The first man was enlisted October 30, 1861, and the organization completed Janu- ary II, 1862 ; they embarked immediately for Fort Donelson. About the loth of March, it moved with the National forces to Crump's Landing; thence to Adamsville, to guard an exposed flank of the army, at Pittsburgh Landing, and, with its brigade, marched to the battle-field, reaching Pittsbugh Landing at 8 P. M., in company with General Lew Wallace's division. Besides this fight, it shared in the movement on Corinth, on the evacuation of which the regiment march- ed with General Wallace's division to Bethel ; thence to Jackson, Tennessee ; on the 17th, 18th and 19fh of May, the investment of Vicksburg was completed. On the 22nd of the same month, the Seventy-eighth participated in the general charge on the enemy's works, with slight loss. About the 25th of May, it was joined to' a force sent up Yazoo River, under General Frank P. Blair, to look after a rebel force reported to be moving to the relief of Vicksburg, under the rebel General, Joseph E. Johnston ; but he having changed his line of march to a point further south, toward Jackson, the command returned to Vicksburg, and the Seventy-eighth resumed its position before the city, and, June 22d, was sent to prevent the rebels under Johnston from cross- ing the Black River, at Bovina, and remained at that place until after the surrender of Vicksburg. July 2 1st, it participated in the attack on, and capture of' Bald Knob, a position commanding the city of Atlanta ; which city was captured by the National forces, after shelling it ; in this ac tion, the Seventy-eighth suffered severely. The position was considered so important by the rebel commander, that, in his anxiety to re-take it, he, the next day, threw his whole army on the left flank of the National lines, and a terrible battle ensued, costing us the life of the brave McPherson. The Seventy-eighth lost 203, offi- cers and men, killed and wounded.

The regiment, with the Sixty-eighth Ohio, held a line near Bald Knob: the rebels made such a determined attack, that the battle became a desperate hand -to hand conflict, each side showing great valor. Of thirteen flag and color bearers, qf the' Seventy-eighth Ohio, all were killed or wounded. A rebel was • about to cap- ture the regimental flag, when Captain John Orr, of Company II, seized a short sword from the ground, and almost completely decapitated him. For this heroic act, the .Captain received a gold medal from the Board of Honor, of the army of the Tennessee. The Seventy-eighth participated in the subsequent movements of the army of the Tennessee, till the fall of Atlanta. After the taking of Savannah, and the march through the Carolinas, up to the surrender of Johnston's rebel army, the regiment accom- panied the National forces through Richmond, Virginia, to Washington City, and participated in the grand review.

THE NINETY-SEVENTH O. V. I.—This regiment was recruited in the counties of Muskingum, Morgan, Guernsey, and Coshocton, during the months of July and August, 1862. It was mustered into service at Camp Zanesville, on the 1st and 2d of September, by Captain C. C. Goddard, of the Seventeenth Infantry, U. S. A., and on the 7th of that month, received marching orders, obeying which, it reached Covington Heights, Kentucky, on the 8th, where it was assigned to the command of General Lewis Wallace, in opposing the supposed advance of General Kirby Smith's forces, on Cincinnati. The regimental staff was composed of the following officers : Colonel, John Q., Lane ; Lieutenant Colonel, Milton Barnes ; Major, James W. Moore ; Second Major, George S. Davis ; Surgeon, Thomas W. Gordon ; Assistant Surgeons, J. T. Edwards, T. A. Stewart ; Chaplain, William McFarland.

This regiment, on the 20th of September, 1862, proceeded from Covington to Louisville, Kentucky, and on the first of October, joined in the pursuit of the rebel, General Bragg, through Kentucky and Tennessee. They were under fire first at Perryville, but did not engage in

the battle ; they were in several skirmishes on the march from Perryville to Nashville, in which they acquitted themselves like soldiers. They subsequently formed a part of General Crittenden's noble corps, in the advance on Murfreesboro, Tennessee, December, 1862, where they had four killed and fifteen wounded. They remained at Murfreesboro until June, 1863, doing garrison and scouting duty. June 24th, it joined the advance on Tullahoma, Tennessee, via Manchester, and finding that the enemy had abandoned that place, proceeded to Pelham, and on arriving within two miles of the town, had a lively skirmish with the enemy's cavalry, in which the Ninety-seventh lost one man. They remained at Pelham until the i6th of August, 1863, when they crossed a range of the Cumberland mountains, and entered Chattanooga, Tennessee, September the 9th, following, and to this regiment is due the honor of raising the American flag (their regimental colors) over this rebel stronghold.. On the 23d of November, 1873, the regiment was ordered in front, of Mission Ridge, and hotly engaged the enemy. On the 25th of that month, they lost twenty privates killed, nine commissioned officers, and one hundred and fifteen privates wounded. November 28th, the regiment was with the Fourth Army Corps, on the march to Knoxville, Tennessee, to the relief of General Burnside, where they arrived on the 6th of December, and remained until the 13, and were ordered to Blaine's Cross Roads, where they remained until January 14, 1864, and were ordered to Drawbridge, arriving there on the 17th ; they returned to Knoxville, and left that place on the 23d of that month, for Louden, Tennessee, where they remained until March 2, 1864, and proceeded to Charleston, Tennessee, and soon after joined General Sherman's army, near Cleveland, Tennessee, (this army was composed of the "Army of the Cumberland," Tennessee, and Ohio troops) early in May, 1864, and was engaged in all of the memorable battles of that campaign, culminating in the capture of Atlanta, Georgia, in which this regiment suffered heavy losses in killed and wounded. After taking Atlanta ,General Sherman marched the larger part of his army to the Sea, but left the Fourth Corps, and small detachments, among which was the Ninety-seventh, to confront the entire rebel Army, then commanded by General Hood. The Union forces were forced back from the Tennessee River to Nashville, fighting en route almost night and day. The most fearful engagement the regiment ever had, was at Franklin, Tennessee, on the 30th of November, 1864, where it lost many in killed and wounded, although the enemy was punished severely. Our forces arrived at Nashville, December 1, 1864, and remained until December 14th or 15th, when they attacked the enemy, and made a complete rout of them ; after which the regiment went into camp near Huntsville, and remained until early the following spring, when it was transported to Knoxville, Tennessee, and commenced the march toward Richmond, and had arrived near Greenville, Tennessee; when General Lee surrendered, and its march was stopped. The regiment was then taken to Nashville, by rail, and mustered out of service, about the middle of June, 1865.

I certify that the foregoing account is substantially correct, although many important details might be added if the exact dates could be given, but no record of these is now to be had.

Mr. Gorsuch was promoted from Second Lieutenant to First, March 11th, 1863, and promoted to Captain, May 6th, 1863, and was mustered out with his regiment. He, like many others of the Ninety-seventh, wears his honors modestly, yet cherishes the institutions of our country, and the sovereign right of the American citizen to enjoy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, on any, and every part of American soil, as the heritage received from our patriot fathers, and which he fought to perpetuate. Such men have no compromise to make, with traitors, but will again •bear arms in defence of our glorious Union, if necessity demands it. And to such men the Nation owes an actual debt of gratitude.

NINTH 0. V. C.—On the 3d of October, 1862, Governor Tod received instructions from the President to raise three regiments of cavalry, to be known as the Eighth, Ninth and Tenth O. V. C. A short time previous to this, Captain W. D. Hamilton, of the Thirty-second O. V. I., then stationed at Winchester, Va., had been ordered from the field to recruit another company of that regiment ; he had fifty men for that purpose, when the regiment, with a number of others, was captured by "Stonewall" Jackson, September i5th, 1862. Captain Hamilton reported for instructions to the Governor, who assigned him the duty of organizing a cavalry command, to be known as the Ninth O. V. C. The men recruited for the captured regiment, formed the nucleus, and the remainder was raised in the eastern portion of the State. They rendezvoused at Zanesville. On the first of December, three companies were transferred to complete the Tenth O. V. C., then organizing at Cleveland. The four remaining companies were designated the First Battalion of the Ninth O. V. C.,. and were ordered to Camp Dennison, and afterwards, (April 23d,) to report for field duty, at Lexington, Kentucky. It was then ordered to Clay county, to drive out a rebel force and protect the country. The battalion, consisting of 300 effective men, moved forward, driving the enemy from the mountainous regions, and established its camp at Manchester. It remained in this region, having frequent skirmishes with the enemy, until the. 15th of June, when an expedition was planned to penetrate into East Tennessee, to as certain the true condition of the inhabitants, and to destroy some extensive factories belonging to Knoxville. The whole force consisted of about 2,000 mounted men, in which were 200 of the Battalion. On the night of the 16th of June,

this force crossed the Cumberland river at Williamsburg, and moved toward Big Creek Gap, a rebel stronghold, commanding one of the entrances into East Tennessee, between Cumberland Gap and Knoxville. The main road to this point crossed a spur of the Cumberland Mountains, at Pine Mountain Gap, a strong pass, which was held by the enemy. By a strategic movement, the .rebels were surprised and nearly all captured, without firing a gun. Next morning the command moved toward Big Creek Gap, and when within about twelve miles, the Battalion being in advance, the enemy was encountered, and skirmishing kept up until they were driven within their works at the Gap. The enemy evacuated, and without opposition, the command accomplished its designs.

On the night of the 13th of April, an Alabama regiment surrounded a barn in which the men were sleeping, shot two of the sentinels, and, after a short struggle, succeeded in capturing Captain Hetzler, Second Lieutenant Knapp, and thirty-nine men. The remainder of the company escaped and reported at head-quarters, near the shoals, where they arrived the next evening. The remaining three companies were pushed forward with all speed, but failed to rescue the prisoners. The non-commissioned officers and men were sent to Andersonville prison. Eight months after the capture, a report from Orderly Sergeant Kennedy, showed 'that twenty-five of the number had died ; Captain Hetzler and Lieutenant Knapp were sent to Columbia, South Carolina. Lieutenant Knapp, after two unsuccessful efforts to escape, in which he was re-taken by the aid of blood-hounds, finally succeeded in reaching Knoxville, Tennessee, after traveling three weeks, principally at night, securing food and assistance from negroes. At one time he heard the hounds on his trail, and again would have been captured, but for the generous assistance of a negro, who, after giving him something to eat, said : "Now, bress de Lord, Massa Yank, you jist trust me, and we'll fool dem dogs. You trot along fust, den I'll come too, steppin in yo tracks. Go 'bout half a mile, den you come to some watah ; you take right thru dat, den I'll on 'tother way. See, dem dogs is used ter huntin' niggers, day knows de smell, an likes ter follow de black man's foot." "But," said the Lieutenant, surprised at this singular offer, "the dogs will catch you, and probably tear you in pieces." Massa," said he, "let dis nigger 'lone fur dat, I'se fooled dem dogs afore, fur de Yanks ; and bress de Lord, I'll try it agin. Now trot along Massa, fur I hear dem dogs a cummin' !" Shortly after crossing the pond, the Lieutenant heard the hounds howling in the direction taken by the negro, and he was no longer disturbed by them. He afterward joined the regiment at Savannah, Georgia, in January, 1865. Capt. Hetzler remained a prisoner until near the close of the war, when he was exchanged.

When it became known that the rebels received large supplies over the Atlanta & West

Point Railroad, it was desirable to destroy it. Of the 2500 men chosen to do this, 700 were from the Ninth Cavalry. The command started as secretly as possible, desiring to strike the road anywhere between the extreme point guarded by General Johnston's troops, and Montgomery, Alabama.

It left Decatur on the loth of July. For three days the command moved unmolested, except by bushwhackers. In the evening of the third day, the command reached the Coosa River, and found a force of the enemy preparing to dispute its passage. A contest ensued, in which the enemy suffered severely. On the evening of July 17th, the command reached the village of Sochapolka, on the railroad, thirty miles east of Montgomery, and about two hundred-miles south of Decatur. It was almost exhausted, yet went immediately to work to destroy the road. For a few days the command was engaged in this work, and was attacked several times, in the rear and front, by the enemy. The expedition traveled, on an average, twenty hou,rs per day, and effectually destroyed twenty-five miles of an important railroad, one hundred miles beyond the rebel lines, and sustained comparatively small loss. The Ninth Cavalry lost twenty-six men, mostly captured while foraging. Having accomplished its purpose, it started in a northeasterly direction, and reached General Sherman's lines, near Marietta, on July 22d.

Wonderful presence of mind and courage : Four hundred and fifty men of the regiment, who had been dismounted while with. Colonel Garrard, were ordered to Nashville, to procure horses. On the night of the 2d of September, while the train containing the men was passing Big Shanty, Georgia, it was thrown from the track, and six cars were demolished. The enemy, concealed beside the track, opened fire on the wreck. The fire was returned, and the cowards fled. One man was killed, and three wounded by the accident, and two killed and five wounded by the enemy's fire. Failing to procure horses at Nashville, the regiment proceeded to Louisville, where it obtained them, and returned to Nashville, en route for the front.

The regiment proceeded to Chattanooga, en route for Atlanta, and became identified with the cavalry division of General Sherman's army to the coast—sharing its Victories and hardships. The services of the cavalry being no longer necessary, the Ninth was ordered home, and on the 2d of August, 1865, turned over its colors and property to the State, and was mustered out.

TENTH 0. V. C.—This regiment was authorized and commissioned by Governor Tod ; organized at Camp Taylor, in October,,1862, and ordered to the front at Murfreesboro. Subsequently, at the battle of Chickamauga, one company, commanded by Lieutenant (afterwards Captain) Haynie, acted as escort to General Granger, the main portion of the regiment being ordered to guard communications in the rear. Atter the battle, the Tenth was ordered up the Sequatchie Valley, to guard the country against guerillas, under.

Champ Ferguson, a noted rebel bandit of that locality. While occupying this valley, performing the duties allotted to it, a portion of the regiment was detailed to accompany a detachment of the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, on a scout into East Tennessee, under command of Captain Palmer, of the last named regiment. During this time(about three months), they were almost daily engaged with the enemy attached to the rebel Gen. Longstreet's command. At one time they engaged and defeated a force of three hundred Indians, and two hundred North Carolinians, led by Governor Vance, of North Carolina, whom they captured, together with one hundred men, and his wagon train, ere they could ascend the Mountain, at the base of which they were attacked. This scout effectually rid that part of the State from banditti, of every kind.

The great "March to the Sea" was inaugurated —and proved a serious work for the cavalry, as well as other forces. The Tenth was more frequently engaged than the other regiments, be- cause it had a fashion of using the sword oftener than the gun.

These lines are an epitome of their career, now familiar as household words at many a fireside.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND O. V. I. —This regiment was recruited in the counties of Muskinkum, Morgan, Coshocton and Guernsey. Companies A, B, D, E, and H, were Mustered into the United States service at Camp Zanesville, on the 3oth of September, 1862 ; Company C, the 3d ; G, 5th ; and F, the 6th of October ; I and K, and the Field and Staff, October the 8th. The regiment left Zanesville on the steamers Powell and Patton, for Parkersburg, Virginia, and became a part of the Second Brigade, Milroy's Division, which was ordered on an expedition up the valley of the South Branch of the Potomac, and, in a blinding snow storm, the regiment began its first march. June 13th, 1863, Companies A and F met the advance of J. E. B. Stewart's raid, on the Strasburg road, and, after a brisk skirmish, retired to Winchester. The next day, the entire regiment was engraged, and at night, With other troops, forced a way through the rebel lines, and Marched to Harper's Ferry. The reg- iment lost several officers and men captured, some of whoth were not exchanged until April, 1865.

It-spent one night on Bolivar Heights, and upon the evacuation of Maryland Heights, it accompanied the heavy guns and public stores to Georgetown, D. C. It moved through Washington City, and thence, by rail, to Frederick, where it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Third Army Corps. The brigade then marched against Lee, crossed the Potomac, passed Loudon Heights by the road around their . northern base, marched southward along the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge, passed through Manassas Gap, and, on the afternoon of July 23d, marched in line of battle, as Ewell fell back from Wapping. Heights. The next day it returned, passing through the Gap, and through Warrenton, and camped near the Rappahannock, about the first of August. It guarded the road leading up the south bank of the Rapidan until noon, when it marched to the front in the battle of the Wilderness. The regiment maintained itself well throughout the fight. Their loss the first day was one hundred and twenty men. This regiment would have been recognized as Ohio troops, by any rebel commander, from their characteristic energy and determination, in whatever position.

FIFTH INDEPENDENT BATTALION OF CAVALRY. —No record was found concerning these troops in the Adjutant General's office, at Columbus, or Washington, and yet, "Ohio In the War," p. 931, recites : "After the capture of Morgan, and his band (of guerillas), Captain Ijams was ordered to report at Camp Chase, and proceed to recruit his organization to a force of four companies, which, being accomplished in a few weeks, was classed as the Fifth Independent Battalion of Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, and Captain Ijams was promoted to Major.

For the record of Company D, of this battalion, we are indebted to Howard Aston, our County Clerk, who was First Corporal of this company, and subsequently First Lieutenant of Company F, Thirteenth O. V. C. "This (Fifth Battalion) was a six-months' organization, recruited by Second Lieutenant Thomas E. Roberts,of Falls township. After the organization, in July, 1863, at Camp Tod, near Columbus, Ohio, it was sent to Maysville, Kentucky, and thence to Flemingsburg, Kentucky, where the battalion was separated— Companies A and D remaining in camp, and Companies B and C going to Hillsboro, Kentucky, whence scouting parties were sent out, penetrating the mountains between Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia, and were usually victorious. The battalion headquarters remained at Flemingsburg during their term of enlistment." [Although the Fifth Independent Battalion did not participate in any regular battle, it was only because there was no organized force pitted against it. Owing to the exigencies of the service, it was kept in the field some time beyond its term of enlistment, and was finally mustered out of the service, at Columbus, in March, 1864. —Ohio In the War, p. 931.]

THIRTEENTH O. V. C.—When the order was issued from Washington, D. C., to recruit veterans, Second Lieutenant, Thomas E. Roberts, opened a recruiting office at the headquarters of the Fifth Independent Battalion, O. V. C. The first recruit was Howard Aston, then Jesse Waters, December 27th, 1863, followed by thirty-one others. These formed the nucleus of Company F, of the Thirteenth, which was formed by the consolidation of the Fourth and Fifth Independent Battalions. It was increased by recruits, and mustered into the service, May 4th, 1864, for three years, and immediately joined the Ninth Army

Corps, composing a part of the Army of the Potomac, and participated in all the battles of that army, from Hanover Court House to Stony Creek, inclusive, until December ist, 1864, when it was sent to Dismounted Camp," near City Point, Virginia. This change was appreciated by the regiment, as for five months and a half they had been exposed to shot and shell, and the quiet of a camp beyond these was a relief. December loth, they exchanged their infantry accouterments for cavalry equipments, and, until the first of January, 1865, remained in camp, drilling and doing light picket duty, in the rear of the army lines, on the lookout for Wade Hampton's cavalry. Then they were assigned to the Third Brigade, Second Division, and were commanded by General Gregg, until after the three days' battle of Hatcher's Run, February 5th, 6th, and 7th, 1865. General Gregg being wounded, General George Crook took command of the division, and the Thirteenth remained under his command until mustered out.

April 6th, 1865, at the battle of Sailor Creek, they charged on a heavy guard of rebel infantry, having charge of a train of wagons, destroyed about forty wagons, captured two hundred and eighty prisoners, one hundred and forty mules, and about twenty-five horses, sustaining the loss of Captain Strahl and fifteen men, who were taken prisoners. On its return from the charge, it took part, with other regiments of the Third Brigade, in a mounted charge, in which were captur- ed General M. D. Corse and his brigade of rebel troops.

On the 7th of April, the Thirteenth was fighting Lee's rear guard, pushing them back during the whole forenoon. About noon, they made a dash into Farmville, Virginia, and captured three hundred prisoners. In the afternoon, the regiment pushed across to Prospect Station, on the Virginia and East Tennessee Railroad, and, in connection with the Sixth 0. V. C., captured a train of railroad cars, loaded with forage and provisions for Lee's army. April 8th, in the evening, the Thirteenth was on picket, to the left of Appomattox Court House. All was quiet during the night, but about daylight the next morning, Lee's forces made a charge on our lines, attempting to break through. The regiment fought hard for two hours, but had to retire, which they did, fighting as they went, until they reached a wood, where they checked the rebel advance. Then' General Sheridan ordered a grand charge by the division, led by Generals Crook, Merrit, and Ouster, in which the Thirteenth had the honor to lead. ;This was a fearful contest, but victorious. After the surrender of General R. E. Lee and his army, to General U. S. Grant, the Thirteenth 0. V. C. Was sent with their division to join General Sherman, in North Carolina, but before reaching him, the news came of the surrender of Johnston's army, and the regiment was ordered back to Petersburg, Virginia, and, after a review by General Sheridan, the division separated, and the Thirteenth was sent to Amelia Court House, for provost duty. Its headquarters remained there; though the regiment divided—some companies doing duty in adjoining counties. The loss of the Thirteenth, from June 2d, 1864, until April 9th, 1865, (the last battle), was sixty-eight killed, three hundred and eighty-three wounded, and ninety-one captured.

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-NINTH 0. V. I. (Otherwise denominated National Guards.)— The Eleventh Ohio and one company of the Seventy-third O.N.G. formed the One Hundred and Fifty-ninth 0. V. I. The consolidation and organization were completed on the morning of the 11th of May, 1864, and it immediately left for Harper's Ferry, where it was ordered to report to General Lew Wallace, who assigned it to Brigadier General Kelley's command, camped near Camp Bradford, in the northern defences of Baltimore. Four companies were detailed on guard duty at Camp Bradford, and remained there one hundred days, their term of service. One company did provost guard duty in the city, another was detailed at Patterson Park Hospital, and the remaining companies were detailed to guard the bridges on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad. During the rebel invasion, one hundred men of the regiment were mounted, and, at Monocacy, they conducted themselves so gallantly that they won the official compliments of the General commanding. August the 13th, they were relieved from duty and returned to Zanesville, where they were mustered out, August 24th, 1864.

ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH 0. V. I.—These were one hundred-day troops, also ; mustered, May 12th, 1864. Their first duty was guarding a supply train to Martinsburg—intended for General Siegel's army, then operating in that quarter of Virginia. On its return, it was placed in the First Brigade, First Division, of General Hunter's army, and, May 25th, moved with it to Woodstock, West Virginia ; thence, toward the front, but was detached and sent back to Martinsburg, in charge of a supply train. Reaching the vicinity of Middletown, it discovered that Mosby's guerillas had made a dash on another train, in the rear. Colonel Reasoner, with one hundred and sixty men, marched to the aid of the train, and after a sharp fight with the enemy, succeeded in saving a large amount of Government property. The conduct of the troops under fire, was cool, daring, and determined. A number were wounded, but none killed. The regiment was kept almost continually marching and countermarching through the Shenandoah Valley, very often in charge of large wagon-trains, on which Mosby's and other rebel bands of guerillas would make dashes, involving much skirmishing and danger, through all of which the regiment conducted itself handsomely. During most of the time, it was without tents or camp equipage.

ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-EIGHTH 0. V. I. —This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, September 29th, 1864, and at once dispatched by rail and river to Nashville, Tennesse, with orders to report to Major General George H.

Thomas, for duty. The regiment remained there, doing guard duty, some two weeks, when it was sent to Tullahoma, Tennessee, where it formed a part of the post command. Nothing of interest occurred here, excepting that Lieu- tenant C. A. Poland, of Company B, while out scouting near Manchester, Tennessee, succeed- ed in capturing a noted guerilla, named John Seal. This cold-blooded murderer was executed without the formalities of a court martial.

The Adjutant General's office at Columbus, Ohio, furnishes the record, that Companies A and F "of this regiment from Muskingum coun- ty, were enrolled, for the most part, at Zanesville, during August and September; 1864 ;. term of enlistment, one year." The post of Tullahoma was evacuated in the winter of 1864, and the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth Ohio was sent to Murfreesboro. Lieutenant Colonel A. C. Johnson was appointed Chief of Artillery, and superintended the moving of all the artillery and ordnance from Tullahoma to Murfreesboro, by. rail, and, during the siege of Murfreesboro by General Hood's rebel forces, which lasted for eighteen days, he acted as Chief of Artillery on , General Rousseau's staff. Frequent sorties were made, in force, from the fort, for foraging purposes, under command of General Milroy, with severe fighting. The One Hundred and Seventy-eighth was closely engaged, under Colonel Stafford. In one of these engagements, the reg- iment lost both of its color-bearers. In the affair at: Wilkerson's Pike, the force under General Milroy, which included this regiment, captured two fine twelve-pounder Napoleons, and two hundred prisoners.

After the defeat of General Hood's rebel army, at Nashville, the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth was brigaded in the First Division, Third. Brigade, Twenty-third Army Corps, and ordered to North Carolina, and landed at Moorehead City, of that State, with the Twenty-third Army Corps, and, a few days thereafter, participated in a smart skirmish with the enemy, under General Johnston, at Wise's Fork. This was the last affair in which the regiment was engaged.

General Sherman's army was met and joined by the Twenty-third Army Corps, at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and, together, an advance was made to Raleigh. After Johnston's rebel army surrendered, the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth was ordered to Charlotte, North Carolina, where it performed garrison duty until mustered out of the service, June 29th, 1865. It was paid and discharged at Camp Chase, July 10, 1865.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIFTH O. V. I.- This regiment was one of a series recruited for one year in the early part of 1865, and started from Camp Chase with seven hundred and fifty- nine men, the majority of whom had seen service in other regiments. All its officers were veter- ans., The regiment arrived at Harpers Ferry, March 25, 1865, and, after doing garrison duty for a few days, went into camp near Winchester, with the troops of General Hancock. While in

this camp, the news of Lee's surrender was re- ceived, and the regiment was ordered to Alexandria, Virginia, where it performed provost guard duty, until December 18th, 1865, and was thence ordered to Washington City, mustered out, and sent back to Camp Chase. Like all of the one year regiments recruited in the fall of 1864-5, it was composed of men who had fought through the whole war up to that period ; and, when they retired to their homes, they could truly say that they had "endured to the end," and that their beloved country, through their help, was once more to enjoy the fruits of their sacrifice-in peace.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH O.V. I.- This regiment organized at Camp Chase, and was mustered into the service, March 25th, 1865, and immediately started for Virginia, where it was assigned to the Ohio Brigade at Winchester. Of thirty-eight officers comprising the field staff, and line, there were only two who had not served over two years, and the majority had served during the war, in ,other organizations. More than two-thirds Of the men in the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth had belonged to other regiments, and had been honorably discharged for wounds, or expiration of term of service. The men who composed the regiment, were mostly young men, and as an organization, it was not excelled in appearance, discipline and soldierly bearing, and though the regiment was not entitled to inscribe on its colors the name of any engagement, still nearly every battle-field in the Union, was represented in its ranks.

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH O. V. I., COMPANY B—There were eight companies of this intended regiment, fully recruited and assembled at Camp Chase, all of which had been mustered in by company, but not as a regiment; before the maximum was reached, however, the " Confederacy " collapsed, and the men were sent to their homes.

Thus we close the chapter. That it might have been fuller of interesting incidents, is no doubt true, provided some faithful chroniclers had preserved them. But these that are given, have a shadow of doubt o'er them now and then, although this record should have been officially correct and complete. But when application was made to the Adjutant General of the State, for access to data from which to complete, this chapter, we received official answer that that officer could not afford such data. We there-upon wrote to the Adjutant General of the United States and received a similar reply, both of which we have preserved for reference. The reader will no doubt be the more thankful to know that we did not take "no" for an answer, but mined out from the papers found at Columbus, and in the old drawers of other places, the names given, in the enumeration by regiment and company, and, in some cases, individuals. We have also to regret some discrepancies in "Ohio in the War,' 'from which we have made copious extracts ; this is no doubt, however, a reliable work in general, and yet we have

discovered repetitions, and have undertaken to avoid this by the method pursued in this chapter. The difficulties that Mr. Whitelaw Reid had to encounter in compiling the history alluded to, can only be comprehended by those engaged in similar work, and hence we appreciate his labor, and say that he deserves the thanks of every citizen of the State of Ohio.

The following is as complete rosters of the soldiers from Muskingum County, who served in the late Rebellion, as could be procured :

[Mustered out at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June 21, 1864; were first a three months regiment and then three years.]

Hezekiah D. Allison, George W. Bradley, George H. Cooper, Theodore Capple, John W. Cockrell, John Connor, James J. Henry, Simon K. Henry, Thomas D. Hicks, David M. Hall, Joseph B. Moore, Samuel Nicholson, Benjamin Priest, William H. Peairs, Gilbert Snyder, James Thomas, William D. White.

Joseph W. Frazier, Joel C. Butler, John H. Crooks, Nathan A. Frazier, Joseph D. Frazier, James Harris, Frederick W. Jones, Hezekiah Jordan, Edward Meegan, George W. Murdock, George W. Thompson. James P. Schneiblev, Humphrey Woods.

Edward Cassidy, William A. Harkness, Abram C. Kille, John G. Officer, John J. Reiner, Samuel O'K. Reed, Francis G. Harkey, Noah Spring, Frederick W. Voght.

Paul F. Kirby, Captain ; enrolled, August 12th, 1861 ; resigned, December 2d, 1862.

George R. Lentz, First Lieutenant ; enrolled, August 12th, 1861 ; resigned, August 6th, 1862.

Jacob P. Durant, Stephen Day, William Lampton, Henry Romin, Wainright Robert, Joseph Danwacter, John C. Dixon, Alvin M. Allen, William H. Cook, John Davy, George E. Fluke, Peter Madden, John Dixon, Thomas McElroy, John Nelson.

Samuel F. Lentz, First Lieutenant, enrolled, September 12th, 1861 ; died of typhoid fever, February 16, 1862.

Cornelius Anderson, George Colehouse, John J. Downer, George. W. Hampton, Richmond Hagerman, LewIs Krouse, Lewis C. Slack, George W. Wintermute.

Morris Goshen, Monroe Goshen, George J. Alwood, Seth Dempster, William Deffenbaugh, Charles H. Ely, Joseph D.. Glass, David Hanier, Henry C. Harris, Frank Nesbaum, Frank H. Nimkirk, Orin Perdew, Thos. J. Phillips, Chas. A. Smallwood, David Sowers.

William H. Cooper, F. Northrop Jennings, Frederick W. Willey, John H. Allen, John Belmire, Anthony Boolinger, James S. Crosby, John D. Deffenbaugh, John H. Dawson, George S. Drake, Isaac P. Farquhar, Francis M. Filler, John A. France, John C. Griffith, Stephen Grissinger, Richard Hewald, Samuel C. Haver, Geo. W. Little, Peter McGeorge, Henry McBride, George W. Oaks, Samuel C. Parkinson, James W. Parks, Andrew Rush, Daiid Robinson, Geo. J. Swunk, Frederick Vogt.

Charles D. Rathbone, Washington L. Duval, Peter T. Smock, Robert Longley, William T. T, Hampton.

Robert S. Grim, Thomas J. Clark, Dennis Sullivan, Edward C. Greiner, John Nesline.

Geo. S. Buckingham, Adam P. Brown, Wil- liam H. Clayton, John G. Cottonbrook, Alfred H. Donaldson, David H. Dickson, Charles H. Draper, William Doyle, John W. Fluke, Michael Gleakert, John W. Hattan, George B. Howard, Joseph Dogan, Jacob Longley, Henry C. McCoy, Joseph McNeil, George W. Meyers, Francis Pritchard, John Richey James Sullivan, Ezra T. Smith, Samuel Stokes, George B. Sparks, San- ford Smith, Isaac C. Smith, William W. Slack, Marcus J. Knapp, John Tool, Benoni E. Willis, William H. Walcutt.

The Captain of this company was Brigade Inspector of the Third Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps, by Special Order-, No. 89.

The First Lieutenant was on Signal duty, in the Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps, by Special Order, No. 14, and was transferred to Company B, by Special Order, No. 9, July 4th, 1863.

The Second Lieutenant was transferred to Company B, by Special Order, No. 9, July 4th, 1863.

Shelton Sturges, Captain ; enrolled May 3oth, 1861 ; promoted to Major, November 4th, 1861.

Samuel H. Wheeler, First Lieutenant ; enrolled May 3oth, 1861 ; promoted to Captain, July 23d, 1861, and transferred to Company A; died November 29th, 1861.

Henry S. Harding, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled May 30th, 1861 ; transferred to Company D, July 23d, 1861. (No record of muster out.)

Farley D. Bissett, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled May 30th, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant Major, August 3d, 1861 ; transferred to Company H, December 18th, 1861 ; resigned, January 3d, 1862.

Chas. D. Rathbone, Peter T. Smock, Robt. Longley, Wm. T. F. Hampton, and Robt. S. Grimm.

Edward C. Greiner, John Nesline, George L. Buckingham, Adam R. Brown, Alfred H. Donaldson, Wm. Doyle, John W. Hatton, Joseph' Logan, Jacob Longley, Henry C. Leckey, Henry McCoy, George W. Meyers, Benjamin Pritchard, John Richey, Thornton W. Robbins, James Sullivan, Samuel Stockes, G. W. B. Sparks, Sanford Smith, Wm. W. Slack, Nathan

McCann, Wm. C. Roberts, George W. B. Dixon, George W. Arnot, Edmund D. Grove, Richard Adams, Randolph C. Austin, Milton B. C. Atkinson, Thomas J . Erwin, Thomas J. Lear, Mounts Nichols, George S. Parker, George W. Powell, Henry I. Smith, John Stone, Alex. Winn.

Jeremiah Haley, Wm. H. Jones, Wilson S. Roberts, Patrick Brady, Wm. Condon, Edward Dunn, George F. Daniels, George W. Deiterich, Peter Fresch, Joseph Kelley, George W. Longley, George W. Langan, James E. McGraveran, Joseph McNeil, Christopher Robinson, Thurston Reed, Oscar W. Skidmore, James Savage, Ezra T. Smock, Richard T. Smith, Marquis Williamson, Washington L. Duval, John G. Cottonbrook, Chas. D. Draper, Michael Gleahart, George B. Howard, Isaac C. Smith, Marcus J. Thrapp, Benoni E. Willis, George Blessing, Uriah Magee, Isaac R. Nicol, Elijah Mt Tom, Silas T. Staffy, Wm. Lenhart, Cornelius Moon, Wm. Lenhart, Lyman W. Baines, Ebenezer Tooman, Wm. Short, Samuel F. Wallace.

[Company enrolled at Zanesville, Ohio, August 1st, 1861, for three years. Mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 20th, 1865.

Sheldon Guthrie, enrolled August ist, 1861 promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, Thirty-second Regiment, May 22d, 1865.

R. Fulton Smart, enrolled August 1st, 1861 promoted to Second Lieutenant, June 11, 1864 resigned August 24th, 1864.

Martin Acher, Henry Axline, Newton J. Abbott, Charles W. Black, George W. Bentley, William R. Boyer, George W. Boyd, (enlisted August ist, 1861, promoted to First Lieutenant,

Thirty-second Regiment, November 18th, 1864) Lewis Black, Thomas E. Burton, Stephen D. Crawford, Gilbert B. Crawford, John N. Crossland, William Craig, Theodore Cooper, John Carlow, William M. Croft, George W. Clark, William T. Dollison, Richard Davison, John Eoff, David French, Simon Frances, Leander

Grandstaff, John W. Griffith, Henry Hughes, William H. Hewett, George H. Harvey, Nathan C. Harvey, Robert I. Hamilton, Henry Hamilton, Arthur T. Hamilton, George W. Johnson, Isaiah Jones, George W. Kildow, Walter Lowery, Robert Larzelere, James H. Lenhart, William Little, William H. McCammon, John Miller, Cornelius Murphy, Samtel Murphy, Henry H. Melick, Reuben H. Morgan, Rufus A. Norman, Wm. Ortlipp, Sarni H. Prior, David Prior, Jas. W. Rutter, Francis M. Rider, Isaiah Rible, Abraham Reddick, Volney B. Stetzer, Christopher Sipe, David A. Sherrard, Richard F. Sowers, Thomas M. Smart, Alfred Sniff, Isaac Suttles, Sylvester Starkey, Alfred Shiplet, Alonzo L. Vickers, Abel E. Walters, Henry C. Woolf, William H. Wilson, William H. T. Wilson, Robert V. Welsh, Francis White.

Robert W. P. Muse, Captain ; enrolled, August 1st, 1861 ; promoted to Major, August 27th, 1862 ; resigned, June 13th, 1863.

Lewis Moore, First Lieutenant ; enrolled, October l0th, 1861 ; promoted to Captain of Company E, June 19th, 1864.

John Blessing, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled, October l0th, 1861 ; resigned, November 16th, 1862.

Edward 0. G. Reed, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled, August l0th, 1861 ; resigned, July 16th; 1863.

Alonzo Fleming, Charles Ninekirk, Enoch Riley, Lewis H. Ferrell, James H. Ford, Joseph Laning.

James Adams, Robert Adams, Arnold Amick, Charles Buckmaster, Andrew Becart, Americus Coulter, William Day, Henry File, Benjamin Ferrell, Andrew Niles, David Hahn, David Hazen, Jacob Hazen, Jacob Inglehart, John P. Murray, Charles Murray, Samuel A. Murray, John McElroy, John S. McWinnee, James Nelson, Thomtery Pritchard, Jordan Pritchard, Benjamin Payne, Robert Ritchie, Frederick Rushev, Daniel Rushey, Solomon B. Ross, Judson C. Scott, Anthony Trost, Julius Webber.

James E. Hammel, to Veteran Reserve Corps; February 15th, 1864 ; Charles Dickinson, to Veteran Reserve Corps, March 4th, 1864 ; Alexander Dubois, to One Hundred and Fourteenth

Richard Adams, Nicholas Alubrust, Lewis Bickel, David E. Bissett, William H. Crowel, Patrick Daly, James Dickenson, John Enneman, Conrad Fisher, Augustus Hass, Charles Hines, Jacob Huff, Jacob Hadley, Isaac Highfield, Michael Hoefer.

John J. Gregory, William E. Richey, William A. Ferguson, William H. Ogg, Charles L. Reeder.

William T. McKinney, John D. Fleming, Johnston Hammond, James W. Paxton, Frank L. Schreiber, John G. Deckei', John A. McKinney, Jacob Krissinger.

William Alexander, James W. Anderson, Benjamin B. Briggs, Joseph S. Brown, Robert B. Brown, William L. Brown, Jacob Campbell, Wilson A. Carey, Andrew Decker, William Dennis, William Dodds, Samuel B. Few, George A. Gardner, James D. Givin, Hugh Gormley, William D. Gregory, Samuel R. Guthrie, Jesse Hackett, Charles Hammond, Solomon Hammond,

William Hammond, Emmet Hart, Jeremiah Hartong, H. Hatfield, John Mitchell, Ai Moore, Francis Muller, John W. McCrea,. Hugh McWhirter, Joseph Noble, Samuel L. Patterson, Nathaniel A. Smith, Francis M. Teel, James G. Thompson, Joseph E. Whissen, Jacob, 0. White, James W. White, John Wilson, Peter Wycoff, John W. Wylie, David W. Wylie, Converse Wylie.

James S. Boyd, Joseph McKinney, Hugh M. Cox, James Deemer, James Goliher, and William Donaldson.

OLDEST REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER IN THE MUSKINGUM VALLEY-STEAM JOB ROOMS AND BOOK-BINDERY-INTERIOR VIEWS OF A MODEL PRINTING HOUSE AT ZANESVILLE.

The first Whig newspaper established in the Muskingum Valley was the Ohio Republican, founded in 1823 by Col. David Chambers. Through a long line of succession the Daily and Weekly COURIER are the representatives of that early journalistic venture ; and it need not be suggested that the "art preservative" has kept pace with the grand march of progress.

The interior views of the build- ing occupied by the COURIER at No. 32 Opera Block, North Fifth street, present some conception of the most complete newspaper establishment in South Eastern Ohio. The Daily COURIER enjoys in an eminent degree the favor and patronage of the citizens of Zanesville, while the Weekly COURIER reaches thousands and thousands of readers in this valley, and goes freighted with news to other thou- sands who have sought homes in various parts of the great West.

The Steam Job Rooms are furnished with the most improved machinery known to the mechanical world, and the latest, and a vastly varied assortment of materials necessary to the successful prosecution of the business of Steamboat, Railroad and Commercial Printing.

The Book Bindery occupies a large, airy and well lighted hall, 40x80 feet. The manufacture of blank books and ruled forms is carried on extensively, while spe- cial attention is given to binding in all its forms, including magazine work.

The proprietors of the COURIER esteem it their duty to labor for the promotion of the material interests of the Muskingum Valley, and in the conduct of the daily and weekly newspapers it has been, and will continue to be, their purpose to spread before their readers such information as will best tend to effect that purpose. No pains or expense are spared to procure and accurately present the news from all sections of the world. The COURIER makes a special feature of telegraphic market reports from the great centers of trade, as well as faithful reports of transactions in commercial and manufacturing circles at home. The COURIER carries on its pay-roll 44 persons. The various departments are personally managed by the members of the firm : the Business and Me- chanical by J. H. DODD; Editorial, by T. J. NEWMAN ; and City

P. Boyd, Levi Boyer, John Brown, William H. Brown, James T. Case, Thomas B. Cherry, Matthew R. Cherry, Matthew Cherry, Samuel Croft, John T. Crow, George W. Donaldson, Levi D. Elliott, Samuel Evans, William Foresha, Adoniram J. Ferguson, Albert G. Fleming, Lewis Forsythe, John B. Galbraith, Adam. Hammond, Robert Hammond, Samuel L. Harper, John Hartong, William L. Henderson, Jacob H. Herdman, James W. Howell, Oliver S. Langan, James Little, Samuel H. Lorimer, John Mercer, William Melone, Robert H. Moorehead, Wesley A. McDonald, John S. McKinney, Charles E. McKinney, Richard McKinney, William W. McKinney, John A. Nelson, John D. Patterson, Thomas Ramsey, Samuel Rankin, Robert W. Thompson, Josiah Whitaker, Edwin A. Wilhelm, Samuel Williams, James Wilson, David Wilson, Robert B. Woodruff, Joseph Wood, Greenville Wylie, Isaac Wylie, William R. Stewart, Samuel W. Thompson, Joseph Caldwell, Lloyd H. Jones, Samuel Robb, William L. Wolf, John W. Wilson.

William Scott, Peter Hammond, Jeremiah M. Patterson, Edward Richardson, Willison B. White, John Wycoff.

Thomas D. Showers, (enrolled for three years, September loth, 1861, promoted to Second Lieutenant, and transferred to Company E, Sixty- second 0. V. I.) Rufus P. Stokeley, William Lowrey, Calvin Woodruff, Alfred P. Milligan, William H. Stoneburner.

Eli Stainbrook, Emanuel Allman, John Pidcock, Benjamin F. Storer, John Barber, Hiram Dickes, Thomas C.

A. N. Hart, Jno. J. Mechling, Isaac J. Hitch- cock, Jos. Adams, Wm. B. Adamson, Jos. Arm strong, Thomas J. Burley, William Bagley, Isaac Brown, James C. Buchanan, Isaac W. Cooper, Josephus Clapper, Michael J. Cunningham, John W. Coe, Charles H. Conway, George W. Dozer, William L. Deterick, Alexander Dennis, William Edwards, Isaac N. Driggs, Reuben French, Edward J. Flowers, Charles F. Hood, Joseph Jones, (enrolled for three years, September 19th, 1861, by Captain William Edwards ; commissioned as First Lieutenant, and. transferred to Ninety-seventh Regiment 0. V. I., September Loth, 1862 ; veteran volunteer), Franklin P. King, Jacob H. McKeever, (enrolled for three years at Roseville, September 24th, 1861 ; veteran volunteer ; transferred to Sixty-seventh Regiment), William H. McLain, Nathan R. Pettit, Francis Prior, Eli Hitchcock, Steward Pidcock, William Pitcock, George W. Ross, John W. Rambo, William Robinson, avid M. L. Swingle, Benoni P.-Stokely, VVilliam M. Stout, Thomas N. Sowers, George W. Simmons, Townsend Updike, Troy Wells, Perry Wiles, Joseph Wiley, (transferred to Sixty-seventh 0. V. I.), James Woodruff, Henry Ditts, Jackson Tharp, John F. Ball, John W. Bangham, Benjamin Brown, John Colbert, Adam Dennis, Wesley F. Deavver, George W. Deavver, John M. Dollison, Morgan Devore, John French, Jacob Grapes, Amos Groves, Hiram C. Harvey, Samuel Hoster, Jeremiah F. Horner, John M. Hitch- cock, John Longstreth, Robert Powell, Peter Rose, William Turner, Harmon Updike, Charles Worstall, Oliver Watts, William Edwards, (enrolled as Second Lieutenant, October 8th, 1861, for a term of three years ; appointed Captain, October 11th, 1861 ; promoted to Major, June, 1863 ; wounded and taken prisoner at Fort Wagner, July, 1863 ; died of wounds, August 28, 1863, at Charleston, South Carolina), David Sowers, Milton Driggs, Elijah Edwards, Godfrey Smalley, (Hospital Steward).

[Enrolled for three years ; transferred to Sixty- seventh 0. V. I. The information given of Company A, Sixty-second 0. V. I., is taken from the historical muster-in roll, which, in some particulars, does not agree with the original muster- in roll.]

Samuel B. Larimer, Second Lieutenant, enrolled as a private, at Zanesville, October 5, 1861 ; appointed Second Lieutenant November, 1861 ; promoted to Captain ; discharged October 22d, 1864, at expiration of term of service.

Noah F. Barnes, William Dicken, William Fickel, William Green, Peter P. Lucas, John D. Lucas, Albert Nichols, Salathiel A. Hitchcock, John Barnes, Isaac Denny, William Hoy, Edmond W. Hatcher, Samuel McClellan, Geo. Pace, William Ramsey:, George Ruse, Richard Skinner, John Schaeffer, Stephen Swingle, Isaac Bennett, Josiah Latta.

Wm. McLaren, Second Lieutenant, enrolled as private, October 24th, 1861 ; appointed Second Lieutenant, November 14th, 1861.

Norman H. Chamberlin, Robert Sharp, Joseph Shaw, James I. Cole, and Edward Barton.

Silas D. Kain, enrolled for three years, October 7th, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant.

Robert Fell, Henry Jackson, Jacob Campbell, Andrew R. Beeman, John W. Comegyer, Isaac Murray, and Frank Lank.

Frank Adams, Alexander James, Noah Austin, Daniel Bailey, James Baker, W. H. Blake, John Barstow, Samuel Barstow, Levi Barstow, Wm. Brown, John L. Bailey, George Collins, Wm. Collins, Barrett Conrad, John Cassel, Jacob Cox, Elisha Cay, George Dittenhover, Wm. Forest, Daniel Garrett, Frank Gressel, Thomas Gould, David Goodwin, Zongin Grilich, George W. Hirst, (enrolled for three years, October 7th, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant ; discharged October 12th, 1864, at expiration of term of service ;) James Henderson, Michael Henry, James Howell, Samuel Haltkurson, Kinsy Irwin., Henry Johnson, Lewis C. Jordan, John Logan, Daniel McKain, John McDowell, John McLees, Chas McCoy, Geo. McNight, Geo. Miller, Wm. Metz, Geo. Moss, Isaac Morgan, D. Flemmings Mathew, Henry Musselman, Chas. Nimms, James H. Ogle, Charles Offord, Joseph Parkerson, Gilbert Powers, John Palmer, Isaiah Poorman, Wm. Read, James Read, John Raynols, Isaac M. Rogers, Conrad Shoemaker, John Shoyer, Joseph Stiner, George Saffle, Nickelous Straws, James Steward, Samuel Shear, Joseph Smith, Frank Sylvan, Wm. Sauntman, Wm. Stanley, Wm. Frickle, Henry \Tinsel, Frank Wyatt, George W. Wyatt, Isaac Wyatt, James Walters, Thomas West, George Wright, John Woortman, Wm. Wood, George Wray, Leonard Wagers, Farren Wisley, Adam Yeost, Wm. Ramsey, John Shaffer, Stephen Swingle, Dennis Shaw, James Kilmartin, Joshua Wright, George W. Brown, Wm. H. Frazier, Harmon King, Hiram W. McVicker, Jonathan Newton, Jacob Swingle, John W. Ross, Henry M. Copland, Daniel W. Welch, Stewart McBeth, Wm.P. Bell..

James K. Bullock, Oliver Kinsey, Gillead Moore, Wm. McCreary, Gardner D. Newcomb, Benjamin D. Reed, Joseph Ream, Henry Sweesy, Joseph A. Hutching.

[This detachment of Company F was enrolled at Zanesville, during January and February, 1864, for three years.]

John Barnes, Wm. R. Dickens, Vincent Edington, Wm. Hoy, Edward Hatches, Samuel McClellan, Wm. McCullough, George Pace, Wm. Ramsey, John Shaffee, Isaac Bennett, Josiah Latta, Albert Nichols, Jeremy C. Teter, Salathial A. Hitchcock, Isaac Denny, George Ruse, Avery Black, Richard Skinner.

Greenberry F. Wiles, Colonel ; enrolled October 26th, 1861, for three years, as First Lieutenant of Company B, Seventy-eighth Regiment, 0. V. I ; December 13th, 1861, appointed Captain ; promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, May loth, 1863 ; to Colonel, July 23d, 1863 ; to Brevet Brigadier General, March 13th, 1865.

Mortimer D. Leggett, Lieutenant Colonel ; promoted to Colonel, and Brigadier General, November 29th, 1862 ; appointed Lieutenant Colonel, and mustered into service, December 18th, 1861, for a term of three years ; January 21st, 1862, appointed Colonel ; promoted to Brigadier General, November 29th, 1862.

Howard S. Abbott, Sergeant Major ; enrolled as a private, October 28th, 1861, for three years ; appointed Sergeant Major, January 28th, 1862.

Russell Bethel, First Lieutenant ; enrolled for three years, December 26, 1864 ; appointed Assistant Aid de Camp to General R. K. Scott, March 28th, 1865 ; mustered out with company, July 11th, 1865.

James T. Caldwell, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled October 24th, 1861, for three years ; mustered in as a private ; appointed Second Lieutenant, November 25, 1861.

Barnum, James M. Brewer, John R. (or H.) Boyer, Charles M. Corbin, Henry W. Crawford, James H. Hiatt, Isaac G. Herron, Solomon Johnson, Abram Johnson, Charles W. Kemmer- er, Wesley M. Lyon, John Lyons, John F, Mathews, John L. Matchet, Hiram F. Mercer, John Mewhiter, Hiram Moorhead, Frank Munson, George W. Richardson, George H. Richey, Aaron Robinson, J. W. Sarbaugh, George F. Smith, William Sutton, David R. Thompson, Mathias Trace, Louis Voght, William R. Waxier, Thomas L. Walters, James R. Wilson, John J. Wilson, Thomas Bell, Joel D. Herron, Robert R. Jones, John C. Lorimor, John McConaugh, Robert B. Nelson, John C. Wallace, Charles S. Wylie, John L. Boyd, Moses Bash, William R. Galwood, John A. Henderson, Joseph T. Matchett, John M. McNutt, James M. Moore, William Warne, Solomon J. Donaldson, George H. Mathews, Alexander Cox, John L. Boyd, John B. Dougherty, Charles S. Wylie.

William Falkerson, Lewis Corder, Nelson D. Crosby, George W. Beardslee, Robert W. White, George W. Porter, Adolphus W. Search, (enrolled November 27, 1861, for three years ; re-enlisted April 1, 1865 ; appointed Captain, and transferred to Company A; mustered out July 11, 1865). Joseph R. Miller.

James M. Thompson, Fenton Bagley, James M. Myers, William H. Weaver, Theodore E. Dick, Warren McLean.

Wesley Anderson, Randolph C. Austin, Henry, C. Bangus, Charles Barrell, John F. Baird, Joseph H. Baker, Lewis Corder, John Cherry, James W. Carson, Henry Crooks, Enoch Curtis, Nelson D. Crosby, Henry Drone, Isaac Drumm, Samuel Dickinson, David Edwards, John T. Gardner, Samuel N. Goulding, Christopher Hart, James Henderson, Henry C. Jones, George W. Loy, James P. Melick, James H. Myers, Branson S. Miller, William F. Miller, John T. Moore, Amos Norman, James M. Powell, Leroy A. Roberts, James Simpson, William Shiplett, David Sherrant, Jr., Alva B. Sniff, John M. Varner, Solomon Wilson, Jacob Younger, William C. Younger, Joseph Ansel, Charles H. Bunker, Daniel F. Ritter, Clements Conn, Robert D. Dilts, Monroe Knight, Luther D. Morgan, Uriah H. McClannahan, Andrew J. Mills, George W. Perry, Charles Roberts, Leonard Beddick, James J. Sims, Elijah Stone- burner, Peter J. Snyder, Albert Stigle, Jesse Smithley, Isaac Springer, Charles P. Bowers, Silas W. Fickel, Thomas J. Howell, Jacob Wilson, Simon C. Search, Clements Bell, Benjamin Johnson, Henry Jackson, Charles P. Bowers, Andrew J. Bell, Crapps Nicholas, Samuel T. Lewis, Joseph B. Lane, Jackson Simpson.

William C. Godfrey, First Lieutenant ; mustered as private, for three years, October 30th, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant, December 14th, 1861.

Thomas E. Ross, Second Lieutenant ; mustered as private, for three years, November 21st, 1861; appointed Second Lieutenant, December 14th, 186i.

Charles C. Wiles, First Lieutenant ; re-enlisted, January 12th, 1864, for three years ; honorably discharged, July 11th, 1865.

Asa C. Cassidy, James A. Brown, Robert T. Nelson, Alexander Scales, Christopher Stockdale, Michael Henry,, James Crabtree, George W. Sylvester, Benjamin H. Sanders, Frederick Henry.

William Ross, Samuel Bateman, John A. Launder, Isaac F. Lee, William L Gilloy, Joseph Starrott, David Pierce, George M. Alter, Eli Berr, John Cottonbrook, Enoch Pearson, Robert H. Abbott, Joseph K. Hall, Francis Musselman.

William F. Baker, James Bellinger, Edward Barrett, Russell Bethel, Francis B. Baker, Lewis Bagley, James Brennan, James A. Baker, Alpheus P. Boylan, David F. Bryant, Francis Bateman, Levi Culver, Edward Cassidy, Alexander Clark, James Combs, Asa Culver, John Cantwell, Noah H. Decker, William Downer, Daniel W. Donavan, Joshua Downerd, Darius T. S. Elliott, James H. Echelberg, Charles D. Flowers, James M. Fisher, James W. Fairchild, Robert W. Fryer, Dennis Fredina, Peter Gibaut, Michael Henry, George C. Hall, Jesse Hyatt, Joseph R. Hoskins, Thomas J. F. Howes, William Hanes, Cyrus E. James, Richard H. Jor- dan, John W. Jones, John Lightner, William M. Laughlin, James A. Mercer, James A. Morton, Thomas J. Miner, Alexander McGregor, Robert McAdams, James H. McCoy, Augustus F. Pelizsans, George Perry, Samuel J. Reed, James Smith, William Swank, Mathias Thomas, Ransom L. White, James W. Watson, William H. H. White, Samuel Woods, Augustus Yalea, William Armstrong, Samuel Buckingham, Arthur Clark, James C. Deemer, William A. Fulton, Arellias Garrell, Charles Hinds, Sylvester W. Hardesty, David James, Charles W. Lee, William T. McDonald, Sylvester Mercer, Henry Taylor, George H. West, Edward Filgar, Thomas Reasoner, Jacob P. Springer, James Pennington, Jacob G. West.

Benjamin A. Blandy, First Lieutenant ; enrolled October 25th, 1861, for three years.

Edward S. Harlan ; enrolled October 25^th, 1861, for three years ; appointed Second Lieutenant, December 14th, 1861.

James C. Harris, Simon P. Joy, William G. B. McCune, David F. Sullivan, Bishop D. Stall, James McLaughlin, Amazot Warne, John W. Butler.

James Sears, James W. Mason, Milton F. Ward, William H. Sullivan, Enoch Harlan, James M. Dutro, William J. Frazier, Abel Arter, David Mitchell, Thomas J. Harlan, Burk Clark, George B. Vandenbark.

A. J: Farnum, George F. Darling, Bartley Beaty, Michael Berry, Henry Crawford, Levi C. Conn, James Camp, Peter Coss, Albert Demp- ster, John Edwards, Thomas W. Dutro, James Finney, John W. Fox, Henry H. Gay, Daniel Gillespie, Charles J. Gibeaut, Peter Gibeaut, William F. Huffman, Davis Haines, Thomas J. Hall, Thomas J. Harlan, Milton Hewett, John Hamilton, Albert Hunt, Samuel Hoffman, George W. Hall, Enos T. Hall, Sr., Moses Howell, John Hufford, Joseph Hubbell, Nathan Jewett, Daniel Jewett, Harrison W. Joy, Bennia Joy, Charles S. Kenney, William W. Kenney, Charles Leach, Samuel Lee, Frank Lowe, John H. McCune, Francis McGuire, Charles B. Ma- son, Hugh J. McCallister, Frederick Osborn, John Q, A. Peyton, William A. Pake, John Powell. George W. Quigley, James F. Quigley, Wesley Reed, Levi P. Richardson, Nathan Stotts, Joseph F. Stotts, Geo. B. Smith, George Squires, Leaven Turner; Amaziah Warner, Ho- ratio White, John Culver. Oliver B. Crumbaker, Henry A. Chambers, Robert Cunningham, Erastus A. Chilcote, Charles W. Clark, Charles W. Clark, Zenis W. McDowell, Lafayette Davis, Robert E. Gay, Nicholas Hoosan, George W. McCurdy, John Newman, Isaac J. Neff, Torence Peyton, Thomas Parsons, James C. Stewart, Daniel W. Sthal, Alfred Sigers, Joseph Tolbert, Hamilton Wallace, Moses Abbott, John Bird, Lewis Collins, Lemuel G. Dover, William Echelberry, Harrison Echelberry, Allen M. Frazier, Stephen Gay, William Harlan. Benjamin Harlan, William R. Jackson, William McConagha, Joseph E. Peyton, Oliver Perry, Joshua D. Smith, Samuel F. Woodburn, John A. Young, Jeremiah Gardner, David Campbell, James W. Cornelius, James J. Davis, Llewellyn Echelberry, Samuel Harper, Daniel Miller, Richard P. McGill, Joseph Pearce, George Scott, James H. Tom, Nathaniel J. White, Israel C. Robinson (enrolled, November, 1861, for three years ; promoted from Captain to Major, January 15th, 1865 ; honorably discharged; July iith, 1865), Henry Tipple, Joseph E. Peyton, Jr.

Hugh Dunne, First Lieutenant ; mustered as private, October 25th, 1861, for three years ; appointed First Lieutenant, December 26th, 1861 ; promoted to Captain, March i3th, 1864, and transferred to Company K.

James T. Story, Second Lieutenant ; enrolled as private, October 26th, 1861, for three years ; appointed Second Lieutenant, Decemcer 26th, 1861 ; resigned and mustered out, April 1st, 1865 .

Samuel H. Van Kirk, Alexander V. Hagar, Robert Hanson, Peter W. Sturtz, Isaiah B. Case, Edward S. Vernon, William Hadden, William P. Gault.

J. B. Case, Benjamin F. Tudor, F. M. Story, Henry H. Smith, Thomas Hopes, John W. Burwell, John H. McCall, Samuel J. Taylor, Orville O. Barnes, George H. Echelberry.

Matthew W. Bay, James T. Bay, Henry Birkhimer, John Bucksenschuttz, John Baker, George Bowman, Lewis Bedell, Albert Bedell, William Bowden, Percival Boyer, Thomas W. Cook, John H. Crane, Alexander Culbertson, William Drummond, Richard Dickeson , Michael Eschruan, William C. Garges, Phillip Gibbons, Samuel Hurrell, Levi Hammond, Clinton V. Jenkins, Lenhart Leisure, James Lemmon, James Mullin, Jesse Moorehead, Joseph Moorehead, Joseph E. McKinney, John A. Newell, John Oliver, George W. Runion, Andrew J. Runion, Joel Runion, Joseph Richardson, John Snider, Dennison G. Sturtz, David Smith, Albert Smith, John Stover, James Taylor, John W. Tanner, Solomon Urban, Joseph Van Kirk, Nicholas Vernon, William Vernon, John J. Wine, Wesley West, William C. Waters, Edward C. Wilson, Joseph F. Wilson, Alfred Weymour, John C. Wylie, Lewis H. Wall, John Zimmerman, Hiram Rogers, William C. Gargis, George Kearns, Thomas Huffman, Henry Birkheimer, Adam C. Bowman, Caleb Baker, James Caldwell, Josiah Clark, Alexander Culbertson, James Galiher, Lewis Huffman, Joseph E. McKinney, Thomas A. Palmer, David W. Shaffer, David W. Sprague, Phillip Gibbons, Robert Hanson, Benjamin Conway, Jasper Halsey, Alfred Wvmer, Moses Abbott, Albert G. Gault, David C. Hager, Chas Holcomb, Samuel H. Johns, Abraham Jackson, Peter B. Lane, Dennis Sturtz, Samuel Sprague,

Albert T. Sprague, Elijah Wortman, Jason A. Barnard, John A. McKinney, Hiram Rogers, Gabriel H. Holland.

Wilber F. Armstrong, John H. Fenton, Charles Hines, George W. Johns, Kelsey Little.

Robert Abbott, Henry E. Bigelow, George W. Steel, John Wilson, Hiram Wilson, James B. Willis, Joseph Waggoner.

Francis Fracker, William E. Bostwick, Edward English, Francis Godfrey, William Hackett, William Jordon, John Morrison, Myrick Myrick, Pator Norville, H. C. Roush, James Sutton, James Tompkins, Roderick Waters, George L. Bradford, Moses Bash, Jelierson Blazer, Alexander Cox, David Campbell, John P. Eleton, Llewellen Echelberry, John W. Garrett, James M. Mose, Daniel Miller, Richard McGee, Washington. Sowers, James H. Tom, William L. Warren, James Cornelius, Samuel Harper.

John Q Lane, Colonel ; enrolled September 3d, 1862, for three years ; received appointment of Brigadier General of Volunteers, by Brevet, to date March 13th, 1865.

Milton Barnes, Lieutenant Colonel ; enrolled September 3d, 1862, for three years.

James W. Moore, Major ; enrolled September 11th, 1862, for three years ; honorably discharged October 7th, 1.864, by reason of wounds received June 22d, 1864.

Charles H. Moore, Adjutant ; enrolled September 5th, 1862, for three years ; relieved from duty, as Adjutant, at his own request, August 4th, 1864, and assigned to Company B.

William F. Baker, First Lieutenant and Quartermaster ; enrolled September 5th, 1862, for three years.

Thomas A. Stewart, Surgeon ; enrolled for three years, September 2d, 1862 ; honorably discharged.

Joseph W. Caldwell, Assistant Surgeon. James T. Edwards, Assistant Surgeon ; enrolled for three years, September 4th, 1862 ; resigned December 12th, 1862.

Alfred B. Woodford, Henry Marquard, John H. Drake, Jerome B. Egbert, Aaron B. Clugston, Benjamin F. Willey, Charles H. Jones, Sergeant Major ; enrolled September 2d, 1862, for three years ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, Company G, December 8th, 1862.

George Campbell, William Greaves, Charles H. Burwell ; enrolled September 1st, 1862, for three years ; promoted to First Lieutenant, Company E, same regiment, February 26th, 1864.

Elisha P. Potter, enrolled August 5th, 1862, for three years ; May 24th, 1865, promoted to First Lieutenant, Company B, same regiment.

Louis S. Cox, enrolled July l0th, 1862, for three years ; promoted to First Lieutenant, March i3th, 1863 ; transferred to Company K, to accept promotion as Captain.

Llewellyn Echelberry, enrolled August isth, 1862, for three years ; promoted to Second Lieutenant, March 13th, 1863.

Joel H. Berry, Henry C. Slaughter, Enos F. Taylor, Henry T. Honnold, John Barnell, Newton Wheeler, Calvin Waxler, John W. Roff, Henry Joy, John Lham, William H. Sutton, Michael Sandle, Andrew W. Bell.

Howard Aston, Andrew Ault, Alvin B. Bartholomew, Joseph Baughman, Daniel C. C. Bishop, Samuel A. Bull, David Burtch, Benjamin F. Cornwell, Robert Davis, Lafayette F. Decker, William Edgell, John S. Erwin, George Fell, James Forrest, Jacob Gleeck, James D. Griffin, Amos G. Honnold, George R. Johnson, Hiram Larrison, Charles H. Lucas, Josiah H. Lucas, Josiah A. Lydig, Robert McNeal, Joseph Petet, Samuel L. Plants, John W. Biggs, Charles D. Robinson, David A. Ross, Ross David, Ezra Ross, 'James Ross, William H. Ruse, Willam Sealover, Ira Shiifiet, John C. W. Smirr, Nixon Stewart, John J. Sturtz, Nicholas Sunkel, George W. Watts, John Waxler, Seth C. Wilhelm, George W. Wires, Henry Wise carver, Jacob Wisecarver, Joll. M. Berry, Theodore A. Decker, John W. Riggs, Frederick Lohrenz, John M. Dillon, Henry F. Honnold, Henry C. Slaughter, T. J. Shephard.

John H. Ash, John D. Ogle, William Shutts, Sylvanus Cass, Norris R. Shaffer, Henry Burris, Joseph Harper, Stephen J. Ogle, David S. Emans.

Martin W. Griffin, Jacob Aug, Henry Marquand, Abram Murphy, John J. Lee, Washing- ton Spence, Thomas Tilton, William Marquand, John T. Mossman, Patrick Brennan.

Benjamin F. Wiley, William Doneker, Joseph Adams, William J. Brown, Josiah Baugher, John M. Baugher, George W. Baum, Joseph A. Baker, Amos Butler, Charles Crozier, Frederick Cassingham, George M. Crane, William S. Clements, Jedediah, S. Collins, John H. Cass, Matthew Crawford, James Duiggins, Benjamin F. Evans, William M. Fluhart, David A. Gib- bons, J6shua Gingery, Daniel L. Gonder, Ed- ward J. Hickey, John Helms, John Aunter, Jay B. Hindel, Samuel Hazen, John Johnson, John Jones, Franklin Kreider, Charles C. Kimble, Jame g Knight, Washington Morgan, William Marquand, James Murphy, Samuel Miller, Robert McCann, John D. Oden, Elmer Porter, Dwight Ross, Nathaniel Ricketts, Henry M. Ray, Henry Schonler, Isaac N. Smartwood, George W. Story Julius E. Smith, Mathias Slaughter. Isaac N. Thompson George Toothman, George Vickers No. f, George Vickers No. 2, George R. Wright, Stephen Vickers, Charles W. Wolford, Robert Wallace, Nathaniel Woodford, Lewis C. Lovell, Martin W. Griffin, Abram Murphy, Samuel Cass, John E. Davis, Josiah C. Roberts, David D. Davis.

Joseph F. Gorsuch, Captain ; enrolled August 2d, 1862, for three years ; mustered in as Sergeant ; honorably discharged June l0th, 1865.

John W. Sidle, John W. Saladee, Alex. Simpson, James E. Cook, Howard M. Sedwick, Wm. D. Bonner, Jesse Conn, Thomas Ditter.

John M. Bell, Wm. Graham, Henry Cooper, Mark Fountain, John Harvey, Jacob C. Francis, Wm. Wires, Lvcurgus Drone.

Aaron B. Clugston, Christopher Samann, Thomas Salisbury, Henry S. Byers, Henry Bell, Henry Baker, Wm. W. Barnett, Nelson Brooks, Jacob H. Bowers, Joseph W. Burlier, Francis M. Cook, Curtis W. Campbell, Edward R. Cox, James M. Clark, Jacob Davis, Joseph F. Dorsey, Francis M. Evans, George Elliot, Jesse Elliot, Frank Firman, John Forsyth, Wm. H. Franks, Wm. Forquer, Thomas B. Francis, Jacob France, James Francis, Chas. Henderson, Jesse Hill, John Hill, Wm. H. H. James, Llewellyn F. Knight, Lewis Knight, Peter Kelley, Hiram H. Lowry, Isaac Lewis, Wm. H. Lazier, George W. Morgan, Uriah J. Moore, Thomas Mitchell, Peter Millis, Wm. H. Pansler, George Robinson, Valentine Riley, Mathias Spangler, Wm. B. Sidle, Joseph B. Sinsabaugh, Osborn Shaw, James Swingle, Samuel Sutton, Thomas H. Simpson, John Smith, Louis D. Tschiffeley, Samuel Towle, James Tanner, Wm. P. Van Allen, Bradbury Williams, John L. Wright, James L. Warne, Peter Weaver, Julius W. Walker, Robert B. Young, John W. Sidle, Parish Garner, James E. Roach, Michael Peter, Thomas B. Francis.

George Showers, John W. Marshall, Benjamin F. Peairs, Henry A. Leslie, Alfred Ramsbottom, Chas. Claspill, Wm. T. Forsythe, David L. Stockdale.

John H. Drake, Joseph Atchison, George Wilson, Andrus Guille, Samuel C. Scott, Albert Ewing, Thomas Hosier, David Peairs, Thomas Garrett, Cornelius S. Brown, Sandford Burdett, Edward L. Goshen.

Salathial Carter, George F. Adamson, John W. Albright, James P. Bailey, Annis A. Biddison, Joseph W. Brelsford, Phillip Brindley, Wm. Bussomer, Thomas Bendeth, Michael Corcoran, Nicholas Detrick, Lewis Detrick, Wm. B. Drake, James W. Deavvers, John E. Sworthy, John Foregrave, Robert J. Gardner, Richard M. George, Rufus . Harrop, Findley Hempfield, George Hopkins, Josiah Horr, John Hersey, George Livingston, Asbury Luman, Lewis Munich, Reese J. Manley, Joseph B. Martin, Richardson McCoy, Henry Neable, Ezra M. Patton, James A. Pe?firs, Chas. H. Plympton, Jesse Redman, Lyman L. Showers, Henry Skulley, Henry C. Sherman, John

Sprankle, Joseph Storms, George Spring, Chas. Somers, John Springer, John H. Spaulding, Basil J. Spaulding, Robert Stockdale, Samuel Storms, Owen Storms, Jacob A. Swingle, Wm. Taylor, George Frout, Benjamin F. Weaver, Wm. B. Drake, George E. Taylor, Wm. Greaves, George Campbell, enrolled August 22d, 1862, for three years promoted to Drum Major, September 21st, 1862 ; Chas. J. Achiner, Wm. Lyda, Sylvester G. Swingle, David Peairs, Samuel C. Scott.

[That portion of this company raised in Muskingum County was enrolled at Zanesville during August, September, and October, 1862, for three years.]

Cornelius F. McCarty, Jas. H. Conklin, Joseph Axline, Henry A. Morrison, George N. Lawhead, William F. Pains, John Pigman, John D. Axline.

William P. Burley, Washington Sniff, Alexander Carson, Lewis W. Snow, Alonzo Hector, George F. McGill.

Joseph P. White, George McLain, Thomas E. Crawford, John Cooper, John R. Adkins, Mural C. Bush, George R. Baker,Samuel J. Crawford, Samuel W. Crouse, James Calvin, William H. Callahan, Charles F. Crawford, Henry Clark, John W. Conaway, James E. Dare, Jacob Everich, Alva Estell, Charles Friend, Alexander Hartman, James Hartman, Haywood F. Haggerman, John Hamman, Leander Henke, Robert Howard, Thomas C. Iliff, Henry Jackson, Allen J. Johnston, George C. Killian, Peter LePage, Samuel Logan, John Lawrence, Calvin P. Morgan, William McGill, Francis McGuire, Levi Miller, George W. Norman, Chesley S. McKinzie, Andrew J. Perry, John W. Rutlidge, Nicholas Roberts, Philip Rei, James P. Schenbly, James N. Shutt, Charles Shiplett, Robert Smith, James Wank, William B. Sowers, George W. Sowers, John Sniff, John Spangler, James Smith, George Topham, John Wilson, William B. Ward, John Cross, Thomas Chapman, William H. Hughes, Joseph Wilson, Joshua 0. Piles, William Sloan.

[This company was raised wholly in Muskingum County, and was mustered into service at Camp Zanesville, October, November, and December 1862, for three years.]

William R. Wood, First Sergeant ; James S. Mahana, Quartermaster Sergeant ; William M. Chaney, Commissary Sergeant ; Charles C. Vance, William Springer, David' M. Ferguson, James M. McCune, John B. Bulger.

George C. Shoemaker, Andrew J. Davidson, Ragan A. Baker, William L. Kaney, William Lazier, John Simmons, Adon B. Lingo, David Wagoner.

Isaac Pickering, Andrew J. Spangler, William R. Moore, Gideon Arnold, Milton R. Bulger, Martin Stultz, Jacob Brock, William H. Bendure, James H. Bendure, Charles H. Butler, John Butler, Daniel Berry, Samuel Benord, James Bryant, John C. Buchele, Joseph Campbell, William Campbell, William Carpenter, William W. Clark, George W. Castello, Israel Checoat, Jacob Climan, George E. Davis, William L. Douglass, Levi Dean, Peter Eli, Harrison B. Flowers, Franklin Vralick, James Glass, Phillip Griffith, Eli Gay, William Howell, William Harvey, Miner Humphrey, John Humphrey, Levi Hilsmiller, John Hilsmiller, Edward Kating, John Kenzv, John N. Lingo, Albert Myers, Jonathan McGee, John McClary, Thos. McNomee., James N. McMasters, Benjamin Moffett, Robert H. Moffett,Richard Marshal, Josephine Marshal, Samuel Marshal, Clark Mitche, Thomas Norris, Robert L. Porter, David Read, David Randle, John Rechel, William Smith, Joseph Stiers, William L. Stockey, George Smith, Jonathan Stidd, William Selby, Franklin Titus, William Fidrick, Mathew Wood, William S. Winneman, William Huston.

Benjamin A. SmallwoOd, William Brown, Stacey Bevan, Andrew Bradley, James Brooks, Emerson Benson, John Sheen, Henry Hick, William Lumsford, Samuel D. Minor, Byron McKenzie, William J. Murray, Robert Shaw, Benton Trimble, Fred Warner, Michael Widderman.

[The portions of this regiment from Muskingum County were enrolled late in the autumn of 1862, for three years.]

John J. Powell, (teamster), Henry L. Pake, (wagoner), John Burris, William Cordray, John D. Carey, James M. Dixon, Wesley Gray, Charles Hoben, John Jones, James A. Lemon, David McGee, George Moore, John Moran, Samuel S. Meek, James Wiles, George Rich, Oscar F. Reed, William Smith, Marion B. Smith, Benjamin F. Lees, Charles H. Todd, John Westivo, William Woods.

George E. Hutchinson, Captain. Amos Mardis, First Lieutenant. Newton Thayer, Second Lieutenant.

Solomon Lewis, (teamster), Jacob Lemnar, (saddler), Thomas E. Ross, (wagoner), Joshua D. Breyfogle, John H. Brown, John S. Carrol, Charles Carlton, George W. Church, George Edwards, William Elzey, William Grey, Bernard Hampshire, John Harris, Thomas Helon, Vincent Joiner, Benjamin F. Jones, Frank Jones, John Logan, Fred McAlpin, George W. Mitchell, Oscar Palmer, Samuel Ramsey, Thomas Ramsey, Isaac: Ross, Robert Ruby, William Ryan.

William H. Ball, Colonel, commissioned October 10, 1862 ; resigned February 3, 1865.

John M. Bushfield, Lieutenant Colonel, commissioned Oct. to, 1862 ; resigned May I, 1863.

Moses M. Granger, Major ; promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, May 1, 1863 ; resigned, December 10, 1864.

Archibald Huston, promoted to Chaplain after the resignation of Chaplain McCabe.

Joseph Peach, Captain ; enrolled August i6th, 1862, for three years ; promoted to Major, and transferred to Field and Staff.

Henry S. Harding, First Lieutenant ; enrolled August 16th, 1862, for three years ; promoted to Captain, July ist, 1863 ; wounded and discharged.

John H. Niemeyer, Second Lieutenant ; en- rolled August iith, 1862, for three years ; promoted to First Lieutenant, September it 1863 discharged for wounds, no date.

Joseph P. Huston ; enrolled August 20th, 1862,, for three years ; promoted to Captain, February 1st, 1865. Newton Potter, David H. Dundour, John E. Evans, Henry, (or Harrison) I). Garnett.

Wm. Monroe, George Roll, Abraham W. Williamson, James W. Lindsey, Jerome Bronker, Frank Scoope, Henry G. Tucker, John T. Patterson.

Lloyd Adamson, Wm. Aichle, John W. Anders, George Anders, John G. Brenholts, Fred. Bohnstedt, Chas. W. Babbitt, Henry Bainter,

THIS celebrated Sealing Wax is manufactured only by England Bros., Nos. 280 and 282 River street, Zanesville. The immense quantity which they have manufactured and sold during the four years it has been upon the market demonstrates the fact that it has proven to be just what they claim for it, viz : the purest and only reliable sealing wax manufactured. It will not crack or become porous during winter, and can always be relied upon either with stone, tin, or glass cans, and thereby insuring that the tedious labor of carefully selecting and "putting up" fruit has has not been lost by impure and untempered sealing wax which has flooded the market since the war.

DURING the past three years these gentlemen have been located in Zanesville. They are the successors of George W. Blocksom, who ranked among the early business men of that city for a period extending over forty years. This establishment has been devoted to the drug trade since the purchase by Mr. Jacobs. The store has been completely stocked with new and fresh goods, and the prescription department is ably presided over by Henry A. Stanhope. A leading specialty with this house is the manufacture and sale of Mr. Jacobs' Rheumatic Powders. The powders are unexcelled as a cure for rheumatism and neuralgia, while, as a system renovator, it has no equal, An Asthma Remedy, lately put on the market, has already won its way largely in popular favor. A Kidney Remedy, and Corn Cure, are likewise deservedly popular, The Jacobs Instant Cure for Pain, an internal and external remedy, has, through merit, met with a large sale. A Worm and Cough Syrup, also the Jacobs Condition Powders, have each won golden encomiums. As these medicines are prepared under the eye of a practical chemist, each and every article described above are guaranteed or money refunded.

Phillip Clow, Thomas D. Cooper, Jacob Detenbeck, John Donohue, Seth Dempster, George W. Dempster, Wesley Evans, John H. Gebbons, John H. Good, Isaac O. George, Archibald Huston, Albert Hall, John Hammond, Michael Headley, Wm. Harlan, Henry Hartman Peter Johns, James W. Johnson, Quinter Kerlin, Absalom Krewson, Harrison Kent, Chas. Kinkade, John Kussmoul, Michael Kunebitter, Geo. Lloyd, Josephus Longley, Neathen Linn, Samuel Maxwell, John D. Mitchell, John Maxwell, James Mathews, John Mathews, Chas. W. Mathews, Wm. Miller, James McDonald, Wm. Mitchell, Robert McNabb, Samuel Parkison, Samuel Pitts, John F. Pyle, Elisha Pierce, Henry Razor, Chas. W. Roberts, George Spangler, John Smith, Israel Simons, Wm. H. Simms, Amos B. Smith, Andrew Stultz, Thomas Simonite, Joseph Smith, Peter Frost, Jacob Urban, Andrew Voll, John Wilson, Jeremiah Williams, Joseph Williamson, George N. Williamson, George W. Waxier, Adam Winegarner, Joseph Eminhiser, George W. Bargesser, James Kinkade, Michael Kronenbitter, George V. Dennick, Henry Faye, Lyman Flowers, Francis M. Griffin, Wm. Gossage, David Hoppstahr, Joseph Hess, Franklin Jones, Rufus Wason, Richard Peach, Asher Sealover, Harry Thompson, Chas. Ts. Willey, Fred Young, Wm. Maxwell, Wm. Maloy, Chas. Pearce, George W. McMillen.

James Deselemes, Joseph Hutchinson, James R. Bell, Ross Coyle, Wm. Davenport, Wm. Wason, Harrison B. Moore, Joseph McMullen, George W. Moore, Isaac A. Warden, James W. Kenworthy, John W. Craley, Isaac W. Keer, Wm. M. Wilson, Dewitt C. Bounden, George W. Kunhes.

The members of this company were mostly enrolled early in the autumn of 1862, and mustered into service for three years, at Camp Zanesville, Ohio, October 6th, 1862.1

Daniel Dugan, First Sergeant ; James Johnston, John Christie, Chas. Dyarmett, Homer M. Blackburn.

Erastus F. Martin, George McCormick, Wm. L. DeLong, Isaac M. Crawford, John Johnston, John M. Miller, Andrew J. Pollock, John H. Mangold.

John Adkins, Adam Beatey, James Bosk, John Baggett, James Bussey, John Beatey, Thomas Belleville, Adam Bowman, Henry Bowers, Moses Crossley, Elias Crawford, Wm. C. Christie, Chas. Christie, James L. Dunn, Henry Fisher, Stephen W. Frampton, Jackson Frazier, John Granger, Wm. R. Green, John Gray, Jacob W. Hoskins, Isaac W. Hattan, John Houck, John Hetzel, Martin Hackett, Benton Hutchinson, George P. Hefner, Joseph Keller, Thomas Little, Martin Murphy, Simon Mitchell, Wm. H. Mayhew, Wm. Menahan, James Watson, Samuel H. Masters, Peter Mast, James H. McClane, Lander McClurg, John Mageez, Chas. Moore, Edward McCracken, Clark Nelson, Payton Nerville, George W. Newell, Thomas C. Prouty, Samuel Pliley, Wm. H. H. Reed, Francis Retallick, James Robinson, W. H. Stradley, John L. Sohramm, Israel W. Sims, Joseph Simons, Hiram Sears, Albert Sowers, John C. Sutton, Joseph M. T. Taylor, Benjamin N. Tracy, Joseph D. Taylor, Samuel Stradley, Samuel, Williams, James J. Wilson, John A. Wise, Nelson Walker, Joseph Wolf, John H. Wilson, George W. Watlemire, George H. Marshall, John E. Arndt, John Young, Alfred L. Kinkade, George R. Frazier, Wm. M. Hatton, Daniel B. Forbes.

The following named men were enrolled for three years, in 1864, and attached to Company F

Peter Gibeaut, James W. Gay, John C. Hardesty, Thomas Mitchell, James Crawford, Seth Marshall, Absalom Fisher, Jerome Romine, Moses D. Wheeler, Jr.

[The following named members of this Com- pany were mustered in at Camp Zanesville, October 5th, 1862, for three years. The majority of them are from Adams township:]

Corporals---Thomas B. Chauer, George Graham, Edwin Powell, John Minor, Christopher Philabaum.

Lewis D. Barge, Wm. R. Brillhart, Amos Buckmaster, George W. Carr, Nathan A. Daugherty, Alexander Fenton, Fortune McConnell, Gottlieb Feas, David Garber, Peter Gephart, Lewis Hinds, Samuel Hawley, Archibald Houston, Samuel Lewis, Wm. Pyler, Nathaniel C. Reed, Thomas Reggie, Lyman Spaulding, Wm. Ward, Peter Worley, Richard Dwyer, Samuel A. Wirts, Henry Moore, Edward Riggle.

[This portion of Company H was raised in. Muskingum county, and mustered in, Septem-

ber 30th, 1862, for three years, at Camp Zanesville.] Joseph C. Huston, First Lieutenant.

Nathan W. Hains, John Keiller, Isaac W. Kerr, Wm. H. Smith, David R. Walker, James

[This company was raised, almost to a man, in Muskingum county, and was mustered into service, for three years, at Camp Zanesville, October 8th, 1862.]

Enoch Shrigley, John H. Maxfield, George W. McMillen, Robert H. Warner, John M. Voris.

Fred. C. Aler, Stephen W. Vankirk, George M. Fell, Isaac B. Stele, John Kimball, John Petty, Charles B. Church, Edward P. Hilliard.

William Asher, Jasper Adams, Denton Adams, Jesse M. Bailes, William Bailey, Augustus C. Burt, Thomas Campbell., George W. Church, Isaac B. Cramlett, William S. Caldwell, Patrick Carter, Josiah Deffenbaugh, Richard H. Dugan, John Felt, William Gibbon, Harry H. Gamble, Jeremiah H. Garner, Lemuel Gardner, Jasper Griffin, John B. Henderson, Albert Hammond, Josephus Harnmond, John H. Hale, Jacob Hale, Robert M. Hackinson, William James, Franklin Johnson, William Jones, George B. King, William H. King, David W. Kenney, Henry Kirker, Wells J. Lower, Hugh Lynch, Frank Morton, Jefferson 0. McMillen, Charles E. Winner, John F. McMillen, Benjamin R. Nelson, James O'Harra, Samuel Phillips, Henry Parrish, James W. Plympton, Powell Powelson, Phillip Rush, William D. Robertson, Benjamin F. Rob- erts, Edward Ruggle, John Saffle, David Sensabaugh, James Stull, John S. Smith,- Asher Sea- lover, John F. Timms, Henry G. Tucker, Salathiel Tudor, William R. Tudor, Charles Van Home, Charles T. Willey, George W. Wortz, Wiliam Wiles, Moses D. Wheeler, Jacob Whet- more, Jacob Zimmer, Andrew Reel, Timothy Edenburn, Christopher Bauer, Martin Jackson, John L. Richardson, Fulton Saunders, William T. Beatty-, Joseph Baughman, Willis Coleman, Zachariah T. Fouts, Adam Grandstaff, Matthew Griffin, Stephen Harrop, John Michael Keely, Jeremiah Sheppard, Henry S. Stephens, John W. Pike.

[This company mustered in at Camp Zanesville, Ohio, October 8th, 1862, for three years.] John W. Ross, Captain.

George M. Simpson, Sylvanus Young, Sedrick Black, Isaac Leasure, Alexander Allender, Isaac B. Carlile, John W. Redmond.

Dexter B. Wood, Archibald Ankrum, Samuel Anderson, Melvin L. Bickle, John A. Bedell, Lilas a. Barton, Henry E. Cosgrave, Albert Frazier, Thomas Gladman, David Gray, William P. Gover, Daniel Sildy, William H. Harrison, Charles Huntington, William Hamler, Robert Hamler, John F. Hull, Michael Joyce, Josephus Jones, John Knour, James B. Kime, George F. Kime, Michael Kelly, Robert Laneson, William H. Lower, Calvin Latta, William Murry, Albert Moore, Henry Miller, Noah McMullen; Cyrus Phillips, Samuel J. Perry, Thomas Painter, Samuel Painter, Adam Sims, John W. Snurr, Peter Smith, Lee A. Spaulding, William H. Sheppard, John R. Stage, John Smith, Calvin Thompson, Benjamin Uphole, Baily Wilson, James R. Ward, David E. Watson, Weston Willoughby, Charles W. Wright, Thomas C. Wilber, Jacob W. Wright, William B. White, George Zelhart, Charles Hancock, . John W. Lisle, James B. Hackney, Jacob Saltsquire, John F. Hittle, William L. Johnston.

Captain, John C. Hazlett ; mustered in August 16, 1861 ; died at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, June 7, 1863, of wounds received at Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862.

Second Lieutenant, Thomas M. Carey ; mustered in August 19, 1861; resigned at Battle Creek, Tennessee, July 27, 1862.

Alonzo Atkinson, Thomas Durkin, Elmore Dutro, Charles Goulding, David L. Lawson, 6-eorge W. Rush, Charles Rush, Orrell Ro-

rick, Alfred Stone, Bryant Sutton, Josephus Steller, Isaac Staffle, Francis Snurr, Frank Titus, William Van Horne, Leander Wallace, Robert I. Winn, Samuel Wagoner.

Hiram Cowan, John Dawson, James H. Sheppard, John Bowman, Richard Johnston, James Saffle, David E. Sheppard, Rufus G. Tole, Joseph Thompson, Hiram Winn.

Frank J. Van Home, David Zinsmer, John Anthony, Armstead E. Adams, James Armstrong, John W. Bell, John T. Brown, Frank Baird, Levi Colcher, Robert M. Curtis, John Elsea, Christian Fisher, Martin Foster, Charles Feas, Daniel Hunter, Jacob Henry, Wesley Mil- ler, James Watson, Hugh D. McGan, Samuel McDonald, Philip McElfresh, Jacob Nenzinger, John A. Newell, Mather T. Ross, John Richison, John Riley, John C. Randall, Edward Sullivan, Martin Sullivan, William Short, George Saners, Ash Vernon, James Woodruff, George Wagoner, Charles Wilcox, John Walker, John W. Thomas.

Horace R. Abbott, Edwin Josselyn, Richard E. Sutton, Charles Woodruff, David P. Wayland, Samuel T. Cross, John H. Gore, Andrew J. Nicholas, Joseph Josselyn, David Maass, William Short:

Second Lieutenant, Thomas E. Roberts, of Falls Township, Muskingum County. [See, also, Third O. V. I. and Thirteenth O. V. C.]

Howard Aston, Charles A. Green, John McGlade, Harrison Boylan, John Van Voorhis, Lucius F. Horr, James L. Bell, Louis Eppley, Samuel Fouts, Lewis Frankenbergh, James Gittings, Hamilton McFarland, Charles Offord, John Peck, Torrence Peyton, George Quigley, James F. Taylor, Jesse Waters, Hamilton Wallace, James C. Whissen.

Clayton G. Jewell, First Lieutenant ; succeeded by Howard Aston. [See Company E Ninety- seventh O. V. I. and Fifth Battalion O. V. C.]

John B. Conaway, Second Lieutenant ; promoted to First Lieutenant in another Company ; succeeded in Company F by William A. Fenner.

Charles A. Green, John W. Roberts, James F. Taylor, James Gittings, Hamilton McFarland, John L. McGlade. George F. Smith, Alva James, James L. Bell, William N. Coke, Reason Halfhill, Frank Cummins, Charles Offord, George S. Warner, James H. Sherman, William L. Burley, William T. Brown, William C. Burns, William P. Bailey, Walter Broughall, John W. Clark, Jacob Campbell, Michael Counof, Lawson Dickerson, James E. Dewees, Samuel Ehrrnan, Louis H. Farris, Edward J. Flake, George S. Grieves, James H. Gunion, Thomas W. Hunter, William Half hill, Marshall Harvey, Josiah T. Horr, Adam Johns, John R. McLain, James McGlade, Charles Mathew, James Mathew, John Peck, George W. Quig- ley, Harrison Quigley, Charles Smith, William A. Simpson, Marshall Sidle, George Summers, Oliver A. Stine, Charles C. Shinnick, Wilson, E. Toland, James Tanner, Albert Tanner' Jesse Waters, Benoni A. Williams, John H. Wills, Sylvester Woods, Henry Williams, James C. Whissen.

[This regiment was enrolled in May, 1864, at Zanesville, Ohio, for one hundred days.]

Richard Ellis, George Randal, William E. Guthrie, Benjamin Wheeler, Jr., Wm. G. Starkie.

Robert J. Harkins, Lee H. Palmer, Clark Hull, George C. Lee, Joseph R. Moore, Samuel Howard, Jr., Chalkley Frame, John J. Applegate.

Harvey Allen, Alexander Alloway, Joel Bailey, Wm. Barton, Jacob N. Bonnet, Lewis Butler, Wm. Bowman, Samuel C. Belknap, James Buckingham, George B. Best, Elias Bell, James A. Bell, Wm. Brooks, Charles G. Conyers, Robert M. Cherry, Herman Cordes, Augustus C. Cox, John Emmit, George W. Erwin, Theodore Fox, Alfred E. Filmore, Benjamin Fell, Gutlisp Feasley, Henry Gitter, Wm. A. Guard, Frank M. Hollister, John Harris, John Hurley, Henry C. Hirst, Wm. Hahn, Charles Hahn, Lewellyn Knight, Albert J. Kintz, Chas. Kapps,

George Lynn, Peter W. Lilienthal, James H. Mitchell, Cyrus F. Moore,"Wm. McBride, Fred Mast, Chas. E. Moore, James A. McCleary, David E. Mitchell, Jacob F. Merkman. James Nut, Richard B. Osmond, Robert W. Ordney, Isaac Palmer, Andrew Pierce, Arthur J. Peabody, Henry C. Peters, James L. Peters, John A. Porter, James Prosser, John W. Pollock, Albert Ross, George Roberts, Fred Stultz, Wm. Sloan, Alexander C. Smith, Edward Smith, Henry Smith, James M. Shirer, Winfield S. Shirer, Joseph Sauer, Henry H. Smith, Wm. A. Twaddle, John Tanner, Wm. A. Taylor, Clarence Van Namm, Wm. Walker, John Woodworth, Lewis Wall, Wm. S. Wollard, Edward Wilson.

Alva T. Wiles, John W. Baughman, George F. Hammond, Samuel Hadden, David McCandish.

Milton Lowery, James A. McFarland, Wm. Curtis, Jr., Marcus F. Abell, Phillip Stockdale, John G. Fisher, Samuel H. Sawhill, Benjamin Tuttle.

Lloyd N. Adamson, F. Newton Adamson, John J. Ashbaugh, Geo.W. Baughman, Jas. F. Baughman, Frank Boatman, Richard F.Braumage, Jno. Curtis, Edward Crowell Hervey Caldwell, David Chambers, Wm. Chambers, Warren M. Cook, Henry C. Deitrich, Samuel H. Dailey, John 0. Davis, Wm. Derr, John Erwin, George B. Erwin, John Eliker, Wm. Frederick, Isaac P. Farquhar, Jacob Galiher, Wm. Hilliard, Chas. Hauptman, Alphonso J. Helmuth, Andrew Hurell, John Hines, Franklin Jackson, Thomas Jackson, Robert G. Jones, James A. Johnson, Oliver King, Lewis Kitchen, Samuel R. Larimer, Wm. J. Lamb, Perry Longshore, James Launder, Wm. H. Myers, Leander McBride, Lewis Munch, Thomas J. Moorehead, John McMillen, John Mellor, Sylvanus Mevey, John Mevey, Erasmus McLaughlin, John A. Parshall, George W. Ralph; Thomas Ross, Jesse Reynolds, Jacob Y. Smith, Orange Suttles, George Selsam, Joseph Terry, James W. Terry, David Terry, Robert M. Thompson, Stephen R. Thomas, John Tomlinson, John Terry, John M. White, Daniel Weymer, Thomas Webster, John Boaz, Singleton D. Hatcher.

Hugh Moorhead, Alex. P. Moorhead, Henry Ludman, John Melone, Henry C. Swift, David

James Adney, Alansdn W . Atchinson, John N. Barnett, John S. Barnett, Wm. W. Barnett, Edward A. Bell, Thomas W. Boyd, Alex. Boyer, Wm. Blackstone, David J. Campbell, David Campbell, Robert Cabeen, James Carmichael, Wm. G. Crawford, Edward Crawford, James W. Cox, Spencer Davis, Simon W. Elliott, James W. Forsyth, David P. Forsyth, Wm. Frazier, David S. Given, James D. Given, Wm. D. Gregory, Hugh E. Hardesty, Wm. H. Hardesty, John L. Howell, Wm. M. Hendershot, John Hines, John Hutchinson, Henry J. Heron, Abner Humphrey, Hatson A. Johnson, Frederick Ledman, Wm. H. Ledman, James A. Larimer, John Lyons, Wm. Lyons, Alex McConaughey, Chas. W. McCutcheon, James S. McCutcheon, George McWhorter, Ai Moore, John Miller, Wm. W. McGee, Wylie McGee, John McGee, James McCartney, Wm. W. Poland, Benoni F. Robinson, Robert M. Reasoner, Wm. G. Richey, Findley E. Richey, Richard Stahl, J. E. Richey, Jacob G. West, Wm. Wilson, Thomas White, Seth C. Wilhelm, Adam Young, Samuel Blosser, Smith G. McCandlish, Hugh H. Alexander, Jacob Lutz, Benoni Blary, Samuel Swartz, George J. Bohrer.

Horatio R. Bodine, Jesse Lee, Wm. H. Fountaine, John H. Richey, Chas. Vandenbark.

Thomas Caldwell, Elijah Ray, Henry D. Butler, Benjamin F. Crabbin, Byron Crabtree, Elijah H. Moore, Lloyd Varner.

Morris S. Adams, Seth Allen, Jacob Baird, Samuel M. Bell, James Berry, John Bowers, George Burlingame, Thomas Carter, George Carmichael, James Carr, George Clester, John W. Conn, Joseph A. Cook, James Carl, Nathaniel Craige, James Craige, Julius Crabtree, Wm. J. Crabtree, Thomas J. Dowell, Lorenzo J. Dowell, James M. Dowell, John H.

Evans, James R. Eaton, Wm. Flanagan, John Flesher, George W. Flesher, John Fountain, Wilson Fowler, Marion Fowler, Wm. Forsythe, Decatur Grubb, Thomas George, Isaac Hillier, Thomas Harris, Henry Haines, Lewis Koos, Robert Laird, Robert McCullough, Wm. Mohler, Joseph Myers, Woodford Makzirgo, James A. Mercer, David Norman, Wm. Northover, Alvin Osborn, Henry Overbark, John B. Pansler, Wm. Pansler, Perry W. Fake, Sanford W. Reamy, Henry C. Roberts, Samuel Rudy, Timothy Smith, Cornelius F. Sidle, Harrison Starkey, George Sherman, Thomas H. Simpson, Michael Saup, David Tanner, Thomas Tanner, Win. F. Tobin, James Van Winkle, Mahlon Varner, Francis N. Wise, David Wilkinson, Thomas Waddle, Wm. Wortman, John Woods.

Richard H. Galigher, James E. Scarvell, Samuel Cockrell, Lafayette Story, Joseph Purcell.

Newton Brookhover, Peter Cashbaugh, Harvey Carbin, William Roll, John Mears, Washington Brookhover, John Burnell, Joseph Mihlfelt.

William L. Anderson, James Acheson, David Acheson, Charles G. Anderson, Charles H. Anderson, Andrew Arnold, John W. Anderson, Al- va Arter, Davis Brookover, Charles Brookover, Charles Borders. George Bowman, John Baker, John N. Clapper, Willis Chapman, John W. Downs,, John S. Davis, Jacob Durant, John Dearstine, Isaac De Yarmett, Robert Erwine, Charles Fulkerson, Wallace D. Green, Charles H. Galigher, George H. Gore, Peter Goble, Abraham Garrett, William Hartman, John Huffard, Joseph Hatfield, Christopher Holdrith, Lewis Hock, Joseph E. Jones, Samuel H. Johns, Silas Kincade, James C. Lewis, John McNeal, Robert McNeal, Francis Muhany, George Ma- whorter, George Mercer, Jeremiah Miller, Aquil- la Neff, Stephen Neff, Joseph Northover, Joseph Peach, Horace Shaffer,George Story, John Sockman, Charles Schwartz, William. Tharp, Uriah Tharp, Clark Toland, Wm. M. Tom, Ira Taylor, William Taylor, James Williams, John C. Wright, John Wesley, Charles Wines, Isaac Hillon, James H. Johnson, Abner Kennard, Samuel Leib, Jacob Moyer, William Stuart, George Strivt, Michael J. Myers, George B. Book..

George W. Greenland, George M. Howard, James M. Dutro, George H. Fletcher, Samuel S. Russell.

Thomas E. McKinney, William D. Ford, Emil W. Geiger, Charles W. Dutro, Charles H. Miles, Benjamin Dixon, Michael C. Conner, Jesse S. Arter.

Charles Arter, Alexander Samuel, Austin Baldwin, John Bowman, Perry V. Bean, William Balsley, James Boyd, William C. Butler, William Burton' Noah Blosser, Edward Courtney, Jacob T. Dunn, Edward B. De Yarmitt, Peter Dugan, James Emery, Samuel Friezner, Wm. Ford, George Flower, Wm. Good, Wm. Greiver, Charles Geeson, Fred. Gigax, George Griffith, Wm. Griffith, David Grove, Adolph Hermouth, John Hirsh, Peter Henry, Adam A. Kerker, Fuller Kimberly, Henry L. Korte, James H. Lenhart, Charles Leslie, Henry C. Longshore, Robert Mosher, Alonzo,McCall, Edward McKee, Samuel McKee George W. Miles, Byron Ma- thew, George H. Mohler, Edward McChristian, Jacob Myers, David P. McClong, Edward Mitchell, Jesse Merser, James C. Nevitt, Edward Norker, Benjamin Nevin, William Nutt, Charles Palmer, Theodore R. Felton, James A. Rowles, John W. Rurk, Henry S. Rhodes, Henry Strom, William Smith, George Smith, George Stansberry, William Shaffer, George Steiz Jacob Van Horne, Milton B. Shellhammer, Robert Webb, Jacob Weagley, Robert S. VVilley, Peter Wolf, Dempsey Wilson, Henry Weldy.

Robert Christy, John Bagley, Daniel Walworth, Harvey Johnson, Samuel Morgan, Isaac Sellers, Isaac Harris, Lot P. Sales.

Eli Anderson, Henry A. Axline, John G. Bateman, William Y. Bowers, John W. Beem, William M. Beem, Noah Colcher, Jonathan Colcher, Robert P. Carey, Andrew Cusac, George Dunn, John Dunn, Henry Downey, Charles Dougherty Daniel F. Dunn, John Flowers, Wil- liam G. W. Frankenburg, Matthew Gray, Wil-

liam George, William W. George, Joseph George, James Hunter, Isaac Hart, Frederick Hittle, Jacob Harman, Isaiah Hall, George W. Johnson, Henry C. Johnson, Peter Keener, Walter Kelly, John C. Lemer, Levi Lae, Leonidas H. Lenhart, Jesse Musser, James C. Moore, George F. Moore, Graham C. Moore, William W. Moore, Albert McIlvain. Jonah L. Marple, John C. Martin, Robert B. McClure, Frank A. Moore, Con. O'Neil, Benjamin Plily, John G. Rodhoper, Joseph Robinson, Jesse Romine, Jacob Romine, Levi Richardson, John Rambo, James Rambo, Ephraim Rockhold, John Shirlock, Samuel A. Shick, George W. Slack, Benjamin Suttles, Delaney Shipley, Christopher Summers, John Stroap, John Snyder, William Skinner, Alexander Spurgeon, Benjamin F. Turner, William Thompson, Charles Urban, Albert Vetter, Aaron Vernon, John Waltman, Levi Wilson, John Wiles, Edward Turner, George Turner, Benjamin F. Turner, Solomon Album, John C. Lenhart.

Richard P. Mendenhall, John Horner, Thomas C. Fleming, Sedwick D. Shaffer. John B. Pierson.

Wm. H. Fairall, Cornelius Cullins, John E. Ruckle, Samuel McNaught, Robert H. Kilpatrick, Wm. Norris, Ashford H. Freese, George W. Anderson.

Win. T. Anderson, Isaac C. Anderson, Lewis Ashcraft, Jos. Ashcraft, Michael Acord, John L. Bennett, Jos. B. Bennett, Henry M. Bealmear, Sylvester Baughman, James J. Butler, David Burrel, John Black, Sam'l Cox, JohnW. Chaney, Jos. Chaney, Amos Clapper, Samuel Dutro, Wm. H. Dunlap, James W. Evans, George W. Ellmore, Nicholas, B. Ellmore, Wm. M. Fairall, Horace J. Fairall, Albert G. Fleming, John Frazier, Harvey D. Fairall, James W. Frazier, Wm. H. Frazier, Isaac C. Franks, Thomas Goff, Joel F. Grigsby, Robert Graham, Thomas Graham, John George, Robert Guthrie, James S. Hom, Franklin E. Jones, J. C. Jackson, Henry Jewett, John C. Lemert, Zenas Lanham, John Matlocks, John 0. Minor, Joseph G. Moore, Robert McQuigg, J. L. McLanahan, David B. Morrow, Adam Miller, Robert Morrison, John McCandish, Christian Neibble, Gaddis Neff, David Neely, Abram Osborn, James Parks, Levi Phillips, Noah Ritzers, Curtis G. Sherrard, Geo. P. Starrett, Lucius D. Shacklett, John D. Shacklett, Lewellan Shacklett, Thomas C. Staggers, John C. Shaffer, Solomon Stockdale, Amos Stockdale, Edward J. Thurnwood, Abner Tracy, Nelson Voris, David W. Woodward, James Walcott, Jr., Lafayette D. Walcott, Fenton Wells, Noah Westenberger, Campbell Williams, Christian Kugua, K. B. Smith.

[Three months' men ; mustered in May I ith, 1864 ; mustered out at Zanesville, Aug. 24, 18641 Elliott Griffith, Captain.

George Ashbrook, Henry Conrad, Jeremiah Williams, Wesley Laurence, Daniel L. Conrad.

Zeno Glick, Henry Pontions, Levi Lutz, Joseph Bachtel, Jacob Ernst, David Bogle, Thomas J. Swope, James Ingman.

Jesse Allen, James R. Ashbrook, Benjamin F. Ashbrook, Robert Barnett, Lewis Barnett, Nathan Brogogan, Salam Buzzard, Wm. L. Conrad, Martin D. Conrad, Edward Cross, Abraham Cross, Samuel F.. Christy, Jonas Conrad, Jonathan S. Cole, Joseph R. Cole, Daniel Carpenter, Wells H. Chatman, Jefferson L. Clark, John Dorring, Wm. Fisher, John W. Fleming, Samuel Frizzle, Chas. W. Gift, Wm, Griner, John Heckman, Francis M. Hennesay. Jacob A, Huffman, Solomon Hunter, Wm. R. Holtzman, Michael H. Haines, Jonas Hedges, Ezra House, Wm. House, Larkin F. Jackson, James Lytle, James E. Laurence, Jacob Markwood, Jeremiah Moore, James W. Markle Jacob Miller, Lewis Murray, Wm. Maravy, John Maravy, George S. Markle, James W. Markwood, Henry Murphy, John McCabe, Edward Christian, Samuel G. Peters, Lawrence Kunkle, Scott Rockek, Aquilla Rice, Thornton Reber, Ferdinand Shupe, Abner R. Swope, Peter Smith, Frederick Sidner, Joshua Tatman, Levi Valentine, Wesley Valentine, Noah Valentine, Jr., Joseph Welty, Chas. W. Williamson, Samuel Walter, Wm. A. Wolfe, Wm. H. White, Silas Welsh, Wm. Young, John L. Conrad.

Luther C. Pace, Henry H. Dunn, George W. Swingle, Clayton Jones, Charles Rider,Solomon R. Baughman, Rudolphus Clark, John Shields.

William Allen, William Axline, James Allensworth, Thomas R. Andrews, George W. Brown, Hiram Burton, John W. Baird, Jonathan Bell, Edward Crosby, Henry Combs, Charles H. Crooks, James B. Conway, William Clapper, John W. Doughty, William Dixon; James Duvall, Morris Dilts, James Dothard, Albert Dothard, David Fultz, William Fickle, Robert Fulton, John French, William Ford, Samuel Foreman, Samuel Gordon, Amzile Given, Isaac Hodge, William Holcomb, William J. Hoy, Samuel L. Harper, William S. Harper, Samuel Hines, Reuben B. Jerman, James Johnson, Sandford Kildow, James Kildovv, George Lenhart, Adolphus B. Lowry, John Lloyd, James A. Morgan, Jas. McDaniel, Wm. McDaniel. Geo. W. Miller, T. McKinney, J. Miller, M. McKinney, William McKinney, Joshua W. McKinney, Joseph Newman, Samuel Newman, Henry Pletcher; Robert Petty, John Petty, Bushrod Patterson, Louis S. Poling, Edward Rider, Adam Rider, Jacob Rambo. Hugh Roy, Nathaniel Stultz, Joseph Sulser, Franklin Swingle, Joseph Sagle, Isaac C. Swingle, Jackson Smitley, Jackson Stoneburner, William J. Spear, Samuel Thonipson, William Troyman, George Turner, Zeddoc Wilson, Jasper Wilson, Alex. Wilson, Alex. White, Washington Bretz.

[These were one-hundred-day men, and were mustered in May 12, 1864, and mustered out September 7, 1864. The companies of this regiment raised in Muskingum County, were enrolled May, 1864 for one hundred days. Mustered Out at expiration of term of service.]

William Hammond, Adam L. McMichael, Washington N. Geyer, James A. Atcheson, William Duff, Leonard Featherbee, John Davis. Jerome Walters.

Benjamin Angel, Alexander Arneal, Adam N. Anderson, William Balentine, Joseph B. Bell, James H. Bell, Ephraim Barnett, James M. Bigger, John M. Beard, Isaac D. Bradford, William Caughey, William Cowden, James Cowden, Andrew G. Carnes, Charles H. Emmack, Valentine H. Forsythe, Thomas M. Fisher, George Fisher, John W. Fisher, William Fell; Thomas J. Geyer, John Glass, Samuel , J. Geyer, John Guthrie, Daniel G. Geyer, Mathias Hogseed, John F. Howell, Robert Jamison, John G. Jackson, David B. Law, William Lindsay, David Martin, Matthew McNeal, Robert Moorehead, James C. Moorehead, James M. C. Moorehead, Alexander McBride, William Marshall, William L. Miller, John McCulley, Nathaniel McDonald, Alexander Maxwell, William McCormick, Jas. Osier, David L. Proudfit, John B. Proudfit, S. Ramsey, 0. Rankin, Jas.Ramsey, A. J. Starrett, Robert H. Scott, John B. Scott, William T. Smith, James McC. Smith, James M. Scott, Jacob Simpson, Thomas F. Shaw, James Trace, William M. Thomas, Daniel Trace, David G. Thompson, Thomas Vickers, Thos. H. Wilson, Jos. White, M. Wilson,Wm. Wylie, Jas. Wilson, Benjamin B. White, Samuel C. Wortinan, James R. Dunlap, John Ritter, Joseph .Stroucler, Henry H. Knepper, Simon P. Spitler, John H. Ritter, Andrew McCall.

William B. Livingston, William Armstrong, Samuel F. Hennold, Nixon Stewart, Barton Cone.

George Wagoner, John Fitz, Julius C. Taylor, Oliver H. Ross, James R. Sherer, Joseph Brown; Martin R. Palmer, Samuel W. Sutton.

ander Armstrong, William Bagen, John Bowden, William Bowden, William H. Bell, William W. Bowman, Edwin Bowden, Wilson S. Bell, Edwin Brock, Samuel L. Baker, Timothy Bowden, Jacob H. Crane, Benjamin F. Davis, Samuel II. Dailey, William Edwards, Charles W. Ferrel, Andrew Garrett, James W. Geyer, Samuel L. Geyer, Henry Gaumer, Washington Hardy, Jacob G. Hanks, George E. Honnold, George P. Honnold, Samuel S. Hammond, Jeremiah J. Hanks, William W. Ijams, Stephen Joy, Francis M. Jenkins, George B. Jackson, Daniel F. Kinney, Isaac Knisely, Abraham Lane, Lawson Legg, Daniel Miller, Carl Misner, Charles Misner, John Orndorff, Orrin Richardson, James W. Roller, John B. Ross, George J. Shrigley, William B. Shrum, George Sutton, John J. Stewart, Solomon D. Sturtz, David S. Steers, Jacob A. Snoots, Washington Spicer, Henry C. Shirer, James E. Starkey, Jacob N. Stoots, William Spools, Adam C. Sturtz, Isaac N. Steers, James T. Swank, George Sauer, Riley Shrigley, Jacob L. Sturtz, Oliver M. Trittipo, Clinton C. Taylor, John C. Taylor, George Thomas, Henry H. Williams, John White, Jacob Wagoner, Wm. White, Armstead M. Wynn, Thomas F. White, Franklin M. Wiles, Michael Zimmer, John Hammond.

Henry Greiner, Captain ; James T. McMahon, First Lieutenant ; William Statler, Second Lieu- tenant.

James H. Abbott, John J. Coleman, Abuses Chrisman, William H. Evans, Washington L. Green, William H. Grubb, Frank Gordon, William H. Grimm, Charles L. Howell, Albert Henderson, Jonathan Howell, George Jones, Peter Krier, James M. Moore, James H. Paret, John P. Moore, Jesse Sutton, J. W. Spaulding, Anthony Saup, Charles S. Stedman, John San- baugh, Montillion Sutton, James F. Tracy.

George Ritchey, Captain ; John H. Huston, First Lieutenant ; Austin G. Watts, Second Lieutenant.

Edward H. Ardrey, John W. Baker, James H. Barnet, William H. Barnet, Archibald Baird, Joseph S. Boyle, Silas G. N. Baker, William H. Crossan, James G. Campbell, Darwin Chandler,.

William Clapper, William H. Cline, Isaac Conn, Joel Damson, Alfred D. Dean, James W. Hazlett, Samuel Hamitt, William R. Hazlett, James H. Johnson, George F. Krappes, Isaac Kelly, Robert Lyle, John W. Lyle, Lawson H. McLain, James W. Moore, John W. Reachum, George States, George G. Skinner, Alex. B. Smith, James Stewart, William J. Shriver, Stephen Shaw, Richard H. Virts, Simeon Williams,William Wallace.

Riley Peyton, George Echelberry, John Terrible, John C. Taylor, Isaac M. White, William H. Taylor, Josqph Osborn, Isaac H. Harlin.

Lycurgus C. Ayres, Abraham C. Brown, George Barr, Isaac W. Bird, Martin B. Bird, Josiah Bird, Costen Betz, Wesley J. Chandler, John Coverdale, John T. Dutro, Francis M. Dutro, George E. Davis, John N. Dover, Elijah Dinguv, Perry Echeiberry, William Echelberry, Joseph Echelberry, Elijah J. Frame, Andrew Finney, Cassius M. C. Frazier, Thomas Gander, Henry H. Gillsgly, John C. Gay, William Hammond, Joseph Harlin, Stephen L. Haworth, Caleb H. Hall, Jacob Huffman, Andrew James, William Kraps, William C. Looker, Joseph Lee, William Logan, William Lyons, Thomas Le- page, John Lepage, George W. Legg, William A. Miller, Samuel C. Morrison, Israel Mohorter, Thomas M. McLees, Josiah McLees, William Moore, John McConaghey, Lewis McLane, Benjamin Neff; Samuel Osborn, Hamilton Osborn, D. Pierce, J. Pierce, M. Pierce, J. Reed, George S. Reed, Benjamin S. Richey, David H. Smith, Nathan L. Smith, Horace Smitley, Charles Starrett, James E. Smith, Charles Shipley, Charles W. Smith, Thos. S. Smith, John B. Taylor, Samuel H. Trimble, Abram R. Williamson, James Woodburn.

[The members of this company from Muskingum County, were enrolled, for the most part, at Zanesville, during August and September. 1864 ; term of enlistment, one year.]

Amick Palm, Thomas Albright, Charles Anders, James.E. Anders, Alva B. Arter, Percival S. Boyer, John Barnett, Robert Davis, Charles Griffin, Joseph M. Grandstaff, John Hofferd, David H. Kent, Benjamin F. Leonard, James M. Martin, Francis Mulvany, John W. Perry, William H. Stenger, Sanford Smith, William Uphold, Marquis Williamson, Joseph W. Pursell, Charles Swartz, William Thorpe, Thomas Jefferson.

William H. H. Arter, George Adams, John Benker, William Barnett, Mitchel Blair, John S. Bartholomew, Henry S. Byers, William Baner, Charles H. Craig, Thomas Cochran, Frank Compton,Theodore Cappel, John A. Daugherty, Edward ,Dyamett, William Ebert, William Flower, Lyman Gilham, John Gordon, James Guttery, David M. Hall, Stephen Harrop,. Geo. H. Harris, Thomas H. Keys, James H. Semmon, Henry C. Launder, Joseph P. Laurence, John W. Ginn, George McMillan, Moses A. McCall, William McBride, James A. McCleary, John W. MOhles, Joseph Miles, Stephen A. Mitchel, Joshua Nesline, John Nesline, James M. Prince, Jonathan Pickenpaugh, Charles D. Robinson, Aaron S. Richards, Thomas D. Reed, Wilson S. Roberts, Dennis Reardon, Francis M. Sprague, Andrew Sprague, John Stires, Henry Soliday, James Stanbus, David Smith, Henry Smith, James G. Streight, Gilbert Snyder, Elias Snyder, John 0. Shrigley, Gillispie Wand, Archey Vernon, John Wires, William L. Wilson, Edward Wilson, Isaac S. Winn, Henry Young, Chris. Gillie, Henry Miller, Francis D. Y. Reese, Thomas Sanford, Warts. Barton, James Moore, George V: Zimmer.

[About one-half of this company was enrolled at Zanesville, in February and March, 1865, for one year.]

S. Morris Adams, Wm. P. Bailey, Joel Bailey, John Booz, George Bradford, John P. Bateman, Wm. Bell, Henry Bell, Henry D. Butler, John H. Conn, Daniel Cooper, Alfred Chapman, George Chester, Wm. Doyle, Robert Dunn, Peter Dugan, John 0. Davis, John Elmore, Chas. Ebert, Robert H. Foster, Wm. Flanagan, Gilbert Geslen, Wm. A. Good, Chas. T. Goulding, Wm. Gainer, George Genter, Joseph Hittle, George Hetzel, Chas. W. Hammond, Howard 0. Johnson, Albert Kelso, John Korte, George W. Langan, Albert D. Langan, Alex. Lowry, Chas. Menefee, Samuel Plants, Dustin Rusk, John A. Richey, George Scott, Jesse Sprankle, Clement Thomas, Alfred Wills, Francis N. Wise, Abraham Wills, Chas. Wilkinson,. Chas. L. Wines, Peter Williams, Curtis Williams, Henry H. Williams.

[The detachment of this Company raised in Muskingum county, was enrolled at Zanesville, during February and March, 1865, for one year. ]

John Adams, James Bargester, Franklin Baine, Henry Bowman, John E. Bowman, Joseph Brown, Wm. R. Bucken, George Chap- man, Peilia Chapman, Willis Chapman, Alfred Cooper, Sanborn D. Dean, Wm. Day, Nicholas Deitrich, Wm. Dunn, David Dunn, John Elmore, James H. Ford, John W. Goshen, Robert Grimm, Rhinehart Grimm, Jacob Hazan, Harven W. Hahn, John Hardesty, Wm. Harris, George Hoffman, John A. Hull, Jacob Inglehart, Samuel

Jolly, Robert W. Lannon, Jacob Lakey, Stephen Lowe, Jeremiah W. Miller, James Nelson, Benjamin Pritchard, Jordan Pritchard, Wm. Riley, Lot P. Sales, Martin V. Spangler, Frank Spinks, John Switzer, Isaac N. Stotts, John W. Terry, John Toll, Frank Thomas, Ferdinand Weaver, John D. Williams, George W. Warner, Wiley Worstal, Andrew Smitley.

[The members of this Company enrolled in Muskingum county, were mustered in during January, February and March, 1865, for one year.]

John K. Anderson, Henry S. Axline, Henry A. Axline, (enrolled February 13th, 1865, as private, for one year ; mustered out at expiration of term ; now Major of the Seventeenth O. N. G., and Chief Clerk in Adjutant General's office, Columbus, Ohio.) Robert Allen, John Bagley, David Bugh, John W. Beem, Lorenzo Crooks, John H. Crooks, Gilbert Hayes, Jacob Huffman, Peter Long, James A. McFarland, Jacob Myers, Benjamin L. Neff, John Rambo, Jacob Simons, James W. Shugley, John Shunkel, John C. Taylor, Wm. Thompson, Robert B. Woodward, David C. Woodward.

Mothiot Culbertson, Washington Hardy, Frederick Hittle, John A. Hulls, Wm. J .Young, George D. Walters.

John W. Beacham, Joseph W. Bell, Morgan Carr, Albert Gruierner, John P. Lease, James Mitchel, W. J. Hardman.

The following is a list of enlisted men who went to the war from Union township, and were nOt enumerated in the foregoing record, which was kindly furnished by George L. Foley, of that township

Eighty-eighth Regiment O. V. I.—John W. Gaston, William Nelson, Andrew Nelson, Richard Rice, David Alexander, Griffin Alexander, James Williams, Lewis Williams, James Speer, William Jamison, George Wallace, James Galbraith.

Eighty-fifth Regiment O. V. I., (three months) —John Vankirk, James Williams, H. M. Caldwell, L. L. McLaughlin, Stewart Speer, John McKinney, Luther Brown, J. H. McDonald, Melvin Madden.

First Regiment O. V. C.—W. W. Wharton. United States Artillery—Edward Cavey.

United States Steamer Brilliant, in Mississippi Squadron, Cumberland Fleet ; Fitch, Commander, under Admiral Porter--Captain Perkins.

Men—Seth Stoughton, J. R. Thomas, Conrad Carl, William Phillips, James Burley, John McBride, J. V. H. Wiles, James Palmer, Herrick Blue, Dan Leis, Richard Stillwell, Peter Cline, William Walters, James McElroy, Alexander Lewis, William Atwell, Enos Atwell, John Spencer, John Milfelt, Jefferson Stonesipher, R. John Brown, Robert Nelson, William H. Moore, Hen- ry Brown, G. B. McClellan, Abram Kelley, O. G. McCutchen, James Crozier, Darius Chandler; George Rex, "Tom" Bloomer, William Ford, "Tom" Prosser, Samuel Russel, F. T. Wilbur, H. Boring, L. H. Cockrell, J. H: Senight, W. Kincade, P. Lemick, R. Prescott, William Lenhart, Charles Merriam, W. Swank, William Anderson, Fred. Olmstead, J. McNeeley, W. J. Robb, Eb. Seborn, George Shaw, William Lar-

zalear, Solon Best, N. K. Smith, William McBride, Benjamin Crabben, James Peters, John Bowers, George Berkshire, E. C. Farquhar, E. B. Haver, Silas Abel, Enoch Wilbur, George Sewright, Daniel Schuler, Charles Carlo, John McCoy, William Elmore, Andrew Josslyn, and Jas. Brennan.

Those who served in 1863, were in the action at Fort Donnelson, the others at Johnsonville and Nashville.

C. E. Hammond, Leader ; C. F. Burrell, Sergeant ; T. W. Wright, Sergeant ; F. Strosnider, O. West, J. Wright, C. Holmes, T. J. Martin, William Smith, William H. Hull, J. H. Mains, George R. Meloy, J. Rambo, Musicians.

Emil Geiger, F. Starke, J. Winters, H. Rockel, Frederick Forester, William Koenig, Charles Geiger.

Charles Barton, R. F. Dillon, F. Factor, J. Farrel, William Gilger, F. Gulick, Frederick Klenein, E. Kappes, J. Love, H. Leybolt, T. Hoffman, A. Moore, William Magner, C. Michel, T. McCormick, C. McCormick, George Palmer, G. Parshall, S. Roberts, J. Reinharth, C. Roach,

H. Schneider, W. Shrum, George Wilson, H. Nichols, C. H. Bryon, William Downs, John White, S. Crawford, George Foerster, H. Flannigan, E. T. Roberts, C. Waters, T. A. Victor,

Honor to the dead, as well as the living, soldier ! The following list of soldiers who died on the battle field, in prison, in hospital, and at home, from wounds or disease, resulting from service in the War of the Rebellion—embracing those given in company, except the supplement to Company A, by R. B. Brown—is the result of three years' labor, by W. O. Munson, who obtained the particulars from relatives of the deceased ; and for this "labor of love," they, and every patriot, will ever hold him in grateful remembrance, and say, with the poet :

Company E—James Saffel, Noah Kinkade, George H. Hanks, Alfred Shamblin, Daniel Brown, John Bergamer, John Bowman, John Lawson, Isaiah Poland, James H. Sheppard, Henry Sullivant, Joseph Thompson, Lewis Young, Simon Elliott, Jeptha R. Austin, Captain John C. Hazlett, Enoch Hedges, John R. Johnston, John Hyatt, Hiram Cowan, David Mass, Edward Cary, George Sowers, Hiram Cox, William H. Musselman, Jacob Schneider, James H. Crumbaker, Lewis P. Haver, Bernhard Fix, Frederick Grimm, Xavier Flaig, George H. Groom, James Matthews.

Company A—William H. Hammond, Lewis Forsyth, Benoni Leadman, C. W. Bailey, James Alexander, Captain J. C. Cummins, James Gormley, W. L. Brown, R. M. Brown, Captain Thomas N. Hanson, Lieutenant Andrew L. Hadden, James F. McGee, Carson E. Madden, William Rice, David McCutcheon, T. W. Skinner, Alonzo Wilson, Harvey White (starved to death at Andersonville).

Company A—J. P. Somers, Patrick Berry, Thomas Babb, William Boney, Sutherland Baughman, Austin Tuttle, John Englehart, Samuel Scott, John Morrison, B. Compton, Alexander Buble, Alexander Christy, Leander Williams, James H. Smith, John George, Julius Weaver, Lieutenant Andrew E. Smiley, William I. Permar, James M. McKinney, James Comin, William Guthrie, Bruno Heidel, James L. Hadden, John Masters, Francis Mount, James B. McCutcheon, Jasper Smith, Benoni Ledman.

Company D—Andrew Casner, Richard Casner, William Davis, John Mills, Franklin Monroe, Thomas Barker, Ezeriah McVicker, Edward J, Hickey, James Holden, Jasper Jackson, Hugh McMurray, W. H. H. Sprague, John Chadwick, David C. Dunmead, Isaiah F. Kinney, Daniel St. Clair, Spencer Fletcher, Joshua G. Fletcher, James McFarland, Charles Tatum.

Company E—James Atkinson, Walter J. Aston, John Davy, Howard C. France, Miles D. Gadd, John W. Harding, Charles Koontz, J. W. Palmer, Catharinus Springer, Charles Weaver, Nelson Ball, Frank Lank, George Trout, George Hera4d, Norville Greenland, Valentine Mummell, Thomas H. Parkinson, John Ball, Miles Goble, Henry Ely.

Company B—John Riddle, Mark McCann, Hiram Dozer, F. M. Atkinson, John Phillips, Frank Greenland, Frank Pritchard, Christian Rines, Eugene Sullivant, Alexander Winn, George M. Thomas.

Company G—Francis Lewis, Samuel H. Prior, James Eoff, Benjamin F. Keyes, John Crossland, John Miller, Urbana Nordman.

Company A—David Baughman, Lewis Crane, Grafton Harrop, Jacob Harrop, Stephen Woodruff, John Barber, James Cherry, David Slack, D. B. Monroe, James Forsythe, John McDowell, William Dieterich.

Company F—W. B. Bell, James H. Ogle, Benjamin Palmer, James F. Cole, John Cassel, Julius Evans, Robert Sharpe, Frank Gressel, Joseph Parkinson, Thomas Passwater, Wm. Henry Blake.

Major Wm. Edwards, Adjutant Dan. C. Liggit, Joseph King, David F. Swingle, Wm. McMillan.

Company A—John G. Moore, David Victor, Jay Adams, W. H. Austin, C. C. Lemert, Jeremiah Kitchen, D. F. Weekly.

Company F—William Frazier. James K. Polk Morrisson, Horace Reynolds, Moses Bash.

Company A—Miner Prior, Jasper Hasley, Hamilton Miller, Joseph G. Thompson, John H. Trace, John R. Wilson, Thomas C. Wilson, Andrew Francis, John Lyons, J. W. Spring, Alex. M. Cox, John Crawford, Henry Crawford, James Fleming, Benjamin Watson, Lewis Vogt, Robert Hanson, Levi Hammond, Samuel Hughes, Thomas Reasoner, George F. Richey, John McWhirter, Charles W. Keammerer, Jacob Withes, Wesley M. Lyons, Henry Ratliff, George W. Irvin, Joseph Wilson.

Company B—Aseph Cooper, George W. Loy, David Shepperd, Harrison Varner, William Sullivant, James Gochanauer, John Gochanauer, Abel Farnsworth, James M. Thompson, C. W. Barrel, Hamline Gardner, Daniel Horn, Joseph Jenkins, Charles Night, L. A. Roberts, George W. Richardson, John W. Spring, John F. Moore, :Hiram Mercer, William Sutton, John W. Tanner, Lewis Moore, Randolph C. Aston, Richard Dickerson, Robert Figley, Samuel Lewis, James Lewis, George H. Matthews, Albert Smith, John Skinner, Cordon R. Wiles, John Weaver, Thomas Kelly, Benjamin Scott, George W. Cooper.

Company C—Joseph V. Simpson, J. F. Baird, Charles D. Flowers, Horace B. Flowers, John Jones, Hugh R. McRoberts, David Pierce, Joseph R. Starret, Henderson Jordon, John , Cantwell, Edward English, B. H. Jordon, Lewis C. Jordon, James Morton, Augustus Galla.

Company D—J. D. Austin, Samuel Dutro, David Echelberry, Albert Hunt, William Kinney, Charles Kinney, Fred Osborn, Andrew Wallace, William A. White, Levi C. Conn, Samuel Jones, John A. Armstrong, Manly Crumbaker, Samuel P. Campbell, Francis Godfrey, Wm. A. Pake, William Sullivant, Moss Bash, Captain E. Hilles Talley.

Company F—John McCune, Wm. Simpson, Benjamin Conway, Samuel Morrison, John McCune, Perry Sprague, John Trimble, Phillip Shaffer, John McHunter, John Morrison, James Taylor, John Wine, John Oliver, Nicholas Vernon, Thomas Hopes, Joel Runnion, Samuel Hurrel, Wesley West, Jonathan Whittaker, Francis M. Story, Oliver P. Story, J. M. Winn, Wm. Blixenschultz.

Company K—Jos. Anderson, Frank Fracker. Lieutenant James F. Caldwell, George Trout, John W. Wilson, Joseph Loy, William Allen, J. F. Matthews, M. K. Hawkins, William Monighan, Henry Sutton, William Norris, Jeremiah Norris, IsaacLee, Wm. Laughlin, Wilbur F. Armstrong, Hawkins. Phillip Gibbons.

Company B—John Bracken, Hugh Elliott, John Humble, Simon Elliott, William Bracken.

Company E—James A. Lydig, David Ross, Ezra Ross, J. J. Stultz, William Weaver, Charles Lucas, Josiah H. Lucas, Henry Neibel, James Prinklle, Caleb Munroe, George W. Olden, William D. Weaver, Adam Yeast, Samuel Shuck, Alvah Bartholomew, William H. Bowden, Samuel A. Brill, George Bowman, Henry H. Dougherty, James H. Forrest, Charles Keyes, Converse M. Shiver, J. Morton Dillon, George Fridoline, John Robinson.

Company F—Fred Starner, Jacob Ane, Ananias Dunn, James Dwiggens, Charles C. Macharn, Alexander Morton, John V. Shipley, John Williams, John W. Weaver, David A. Gibbons, Sylvester Stanley, John St. Clair, Andrew Wilson, James Whittingham, George B. Wright.

Company G—James F. Bell, John M. Bell, Henry Cooper, John Martin, John Rodecker, Jeremiah Reynolds, Thomas Salisberry, Mat- thew Sellers, Emanuel Drumm, Lemon B. Stevens, David W. Varner, Henry Sherman, Vincent Staggers, Curtis W. Campbell, George Fletcher, R. W. Hunter, William H. Madden, John C. Cramblett, Hugh Elliot, John E. Harkness, John W. Saladee, George Elliot.

Company K—David F. Peairs, Moses Dozier, William Dieterich, Henry Leasure Bazel Storms, John Eastworthy, E. A. Bain, Captain William Berkshire, John L. Chapman, William Gardener, Finley Hemphill, Robert Stockdale, B. A. scott, John H. Spaulding.

David Hetzel, Alfred Shamblin, C. Z. Dollrnan, John Hoop, James L.Polen, John F.Carlow.

Company A—Christian Sandel, Joseph Trout, John A. Good, James Luman, Nicholas Mountz, Alfred Josslyn, Jacob Dietenback, Thomas Fulkerson, Absalom Krewson, James Lnman, John F. McMillan, Andrew Voll, A. W. William- son, Walter I. Wells, William Monroe, Gordon Huntingdon, Cyrus Sarchett, Jasper Cochran, Joseph Frost, Newton Cockerill.

Company E—Richard Reed, Ezra Atchison, James Atchison, John Foster, Richard Stephens, Frederick Aler.

Company F—George McCann, William Hatton, Martin V. Murphy, Thomas Mitchell, Seth Marshall, Hiram Simms, James F. Wilson, John Granger, Francis Retallick, Edward B. McCracken, James L. Dunn, Charles Little, George W. Newall, Joseph Kellar, Thomas Bellville, Hiram Sears, John Young, James F. Wilson.

Company I—Cephas Hammond, Jeremiah Shepperd, Denton Adams, Jasper Adams, Jacob Whitman, Thomas Hittle, William James, William S. Caldwell, Jeff. 0. McMillan, John F. Timms, Stephen Van Kirk, Edward H. Hilliard, James Stull, Phillip L. Pake.

Company K—William Hamler, Thomas Glad- man, A. B. Simms, Henry Mook, Jacob W. Wright, John Knarver, George Zelhart, John Randall.

Isaac Leasure, John McBride, ---- Morrisson, William Asher, Henry Fulton, David E. Watson, Samuel Reynolds, H. A. Bainter.

Company B—John Dare, William Hughes, Nelson Lewis, Henry Sawyer Macajah Martin, Anthony Prior, Leroy Roberts, Samuel Stansberry, William Crooks, William Bogal, T. Carter.

George Edwards, Martin W. Griffin, Joseph Axline, Abraham Spurr, Jr., James Hatman.

Company F—James Parks, C. C. Smith, Lieutenant Clayton C. Jewell, George Somers, Samuel Elirman, Befoul A. Williams, Alvah James, R. J. McLaine, -- Smith.

Company I—Edward Calvin. Company H—Alfred Anderson. Company C—Joseph P. Taylor

Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett, Company D, Fifth Regiment, U. S. Artillery ; Lieutenant Joshua Maden, First Artillery ; James Wray, Heavy Artillery ; John H. Nelson, Twenty-second Battery; Wilson Shannon Morrison, Com- pany I,.First Heavy Artillery.

Thomas Starts, Fifth U. S. ; John Thompson, Eleventh U. S. ; Robert J. Terril, Eleventh U. S. ; Charles Wilson, Fifth U. S. ; Abraham Robinson, Samuel Barnett, Nathaniel Hall, Eleventh U. S.; Company D, John Halfhill, Greenberry Hunnyact, Eleventh U. S. ; Company M, William Kenney, Western Fletcher, Eleventh U. S. ; .David Ivins, Fifty-fifth U. S. ; Company M, Henry Beatty, George Brown, Fifth U. S. ; Mark A. Lucas, -- Brady, George Hill, George P. White.

Bernard H. Fix, Hiram Cox, Francis H. Flaig, Louis P. Haver, Frederick Grim, John F. Grooms, George Sowers, Martin, V. B. Matthews.

Valentine Mummel, Benjamin Cross, Isaac N. Priest, Charles E. Koontz, James Atkinson, Walter J. Aston, James Franks, John M. Harden, George Herrald, Charles Weaver, Norval W. Greenland, Thomas Parkinson, Nelson B. Ball, Jackson Corder, Michael Chauncey, Edward English, Howard France, Henry Ellis, George N. M. Huntington, W. H. J. Ratliff, Cathertan Springer, Allen Dunn.

Nathan McCann, Henry W. Dawnum, John Riddle, Hiram Dozier, Francis M. Dempster, Thomas Kelley, John Phillips, Eugene Sullivan, George M. Thomas, Francis Pritchard.

Stephen Kinkaid, Francis Lewis, Alexander Tanner, Southerland Baughman, Thomas J. Babb, John Harris, Jesse Lovell, Joseph Purcell, Thomas Pierson, Henry Ross, James D. Silvers. John Thomas, Valentine Young, Leander Williams, Patrick Berry, Benjamin Compton, Alexander Christie, John C. George, John Ingelhart, John Morrison, Samuel S. Scott, George H. Little, John P. Sommers, Austin Tuttle.

Daniel B. Monroe, William Edwards, John McCauley, David Slack, Joseph Twyman, Martin Wesley, Israel Montoney, Stephen Woodruff, David F. Baughman, Joseph T. King; Elijab Atkins, Lewis H. Crane, James Cherry, Henry Dusenberry, Stephen Freed, David Hetzel, Grafton Harrop, Jacob Harrop, David King, William Stainbrook, Joseph Trout, John W. Weller, Avery Black, Thomas Passwaters, Benjamin F. Palmer, W. P. Bell, George Bartlett, Benjamin F. Matron, Samuel IL Hughes, John W. Wilson.

Joseph Jenkins, William Norris, Jeremiah Norris, Felix W. Baird, George H. Matthews, John W. Spring, Andrew H. Wallace, James Austin, Manly H. Crumbaker, Samuel P. Campbell, Davis Echelberry, Francis Godfrey, Jacob Withers, William M. White, Samuel Hurrell, Oliver C. Story, James Tremble, Benjamin Conway, James Halsey, Samuel T. Morrow, Perry S. Sprague, Jonathan Whitaker.

C. M. Shirer, Wm. Bowden, H. H. Dougherty, Geo. Fredoline, Charles Keys, Thos. W. Pnndle, John Robinson, Samuel Shuck, William Trussler, William D. Weaver, Samuel A. Brill, Ananias Dunn, John W. Weaver, Robert W. P. Hunter, William Johns, Charles E. Machan, Johnson McNaught, John McCain, Alexander Morton, James McClary, James Parish, John V. Shipley, John St. Clair, Frederick Starner, Syl- vester Stanley, William Taylor, William Tilton, James Whittenham, Andrew J. Wilson, William H. Madden, Harvey Tatham, John Martin, Lemon B. Stevens Henry Cooper, Thomas Salisbury, John A. Armstrong. James Bell, John C. Cramblet, Manuel Drum, Hugh Elliott, Geo.

Fletcher, Henry Hall, John E. Harkness, John Rodecker, Matthew W. Sellers, Vincent Staggers, David W. Varner, Jeremiah J. Reynolds, John L. Chapman, John A. Baine, Moses Dozer, William Hamrick, Findley Hempfield, Henry C. Sherman, Bazil Storms, George Trout.

Alfred A. Josslyn, Theodore Slack, Thomas Fulkerson, James Luman, John F. McMillen, (in Andersonville), Cyrus Sarchet, Robert R. Sloan, John V. Thomas, Joseph Trost, Walter T. Wells,Newton Cockrell, James Kilburn, John W. Kerr, Edward Carter.

Company E—Daniel Brown, Jeptha R. Austin, James E. Carey, Isaiah Poland, Lewis Young, John Bergman, John H. Bainter, George H. Hanks, John Hyatt, Jacob Hittle, Enoch Hedges, Noah Kinkade.

HAZLETT POST, No. 81, G. A. R.—This Post was organized in the city of Zanesville, Muskingum county, Ohio, June 1st, 1881, with the following roll of charter members :

The Roll of Comrades was as follows : Jesse S. Arter, J. H. Axline, G. F. Axline, R. B. Brown, Fenton Bagley, Thomas S. Black, Thomas G. Beaham, Henry Barker, Jr., J. S. Beach, D. J. Brown, W. J. Chandler, A. B. Chilcote, R. A. Cunningham, Daniel Dugan, J. H. Drake, Fred C. Deitz, James Dixon, Joshua- Downard, A. H. Evans, S. F. Edgar, Abraham Emery, W. H. Foye, G. A. Gardiner, Frederick Geiger, Andrew Guille, J. T. Gorsuch, Moses M. Granger, Daniel B. Gary, John A. Green, E. B. Haver, .W. S. Harlan, S. V. Harris, Howard Israel, Samuel H. Johns, George James, Henry L. Korte, Henry C. Lillibridge, W. 0. Munson, A. F. Munson, John Martin, J. W. Martin, T. J. Newman, 0. C. Ong, J. W. Pinkerton, D. B. Parker, C. W. Potwin, Thomas McLees, Alexander McConnell, N. S. McBee, R. F. Smart, Joseph Shaw, H. M. Sedgwick, Enos F. Taylor, L. R. Wilson, C. C. Wiles, A. H. Watts; Samuel L. Wiles, F. M. Willey, David Zimmer.

The organization was named Hazlett Post No. 81, in honor of Captain John C. Hazlett, of the Second Ohio Volunteers, and his brother, Harry Hazlett, of the Fifth United States Artillery, who were killed in battle during the late Rebellion..

The student of American history cannot fail to recall the fact that parallel with the spirit of adventure and conquest from the earliest known. record, has been the missionary endeavor to elevate and refine the people, however barbarous, or civilized. And it is manifest that the enduring civilizations have made the cause of religion their bulwark of strength, until some form of religion permeated the masses of society. It was this religious zeal that gave birth to the Muskingum Mission, a few extracts concerning which are selected from Taylor's History of Ohio.

" Towards the close of 1774, a warm debate sprung up among the Delawares ; although believing the Indians had been hospitably received, yet there had been no act of adoption or guaranty, by the tribe. Glikhikan, whose former rank as a warrior and orator was not forgotten, often attended the Indian council at Gehelemukpechink, by the invitation of its leading members. Here he often enforced the doctrines and duties of the Gospel, but Was not unmindful of the material interests of his brethren. At first he encountered the opposition of old Netawatwes, whose jealousy of the whites had now overcome his prepossessions in favor of the missionaries ; but, on the other hand, was powerfully supported by the eloquence of Captain White-Eyes, whO demanded (in the words of Loskiel) that the Christian Indians should enjoy perfect liberty of conscience, and their teachers safety and protection ; adding, that it was but right that the believers should live separate from the rest, and be protected by the chiefs and council against every intruder. But finding that his remonstrance would not avail, he separated himself entirely from the chiefs and council. This occasioned great and general surprise, and his presence being considered, by both the chiefs and people, as indispensable, a negotiation commenced, and some Indian brethren were appointed arbitrators (Glikhikan among them, doubtless). The event was beyond expectation, successful, for Chief Netawatwes not only acknowledged the injustice done to Captain White-Eves, but changed his mind with respect to the believing Indians, and their teachers, and remained their constant friend to his death. He likewise published this change of his sentiment to the whole council, in presence of the deputies from Shoenbrun and Gnadenhutten. Captain White-Eyes then repeated the proposal which they had formerly rejected ; and the council agreeing to it, an act was made in the name of the Delaware nation, to the following effect ; "From this time forward, we solemnly declare that we will receive the word of God, and that the believing Indians, and their teachers, shall enjoy perfect liberty throughout the Indian country, with the same rights and privileges enjoyed by other Indians. The country shall be free to all, and the believers shall have their right to share it as well as the unbelievers. Whoever wishes to go to the brethren, and receive the gos7

"Netawatwes expressed great joy at this act and declaration, and concluded his speech in these words : am an old man, and know not how long I may live in this world. I therefore rejoice that I have been able to make this act, of which our children and grandchildren will reap the benefit ; and now I am ready to go out of the world whenever God pleases.' He sent, moreover, the following message to Chief Pakanke, in Kaskaskunk, (on the Beaver River, in Pennsylvania, to whom Glikhikan had been a favorite counselor). You and I are both old, and know not how long we shall live ; therefore let us do good before we depart, and leave a testimony to our children and posterity, that we have received the word of God.. Let this be our last will and testament.' Pakanke accepted the proposal and he and the other chiefs made it known by solemn embassies, in all places where it was necessary. For a still greater security, a treaty was set on foot with the Delamattenoos, (Wyandots) who had given this part of the country to the Delawares about thirty years before, by which a grant was procured insuring the believing Indians an equal right with the other Delawares to possess land in it ; and that this transaction might be duly ratified in the Indian manner, and the act remain unrepealed, the Christian Indians sent a formal embassy to the chiefs and council of the Delaware nation, to return their humble thanks for it. The deputies repeated the whole declaration of the council concerning the believing Indians and their teachers, and Netawatwes confirmed it to be their own act and deed, in the presence of all the people ; adding, that they had called the Indian congregation in their missionaries, and that all the words now repeated by the deputies had been spoken and ratified by this council. Then the deputies proceeded to return thanks in the name of both congregations, delivering several belts of wampum, which were forwarded to the neighboring nations. They were made without ornaments, and immediately known by their plainness, to be the belts of the Christian Indians. Thus this important business was concluded."

"This year" (1774), says Heckewelder, "had been remarkable to the Christian Indians. First, the chiefs of the nation, both on the Muskingum and Cushcushkee, had unitedly agreed and declared that the brethren should have full liberty to preach the Gospel to the nation wherever they chose, and this resolution they also made publicly known ; and secondly, seeing that their friends and relations pursued agriculture, and kept much cattle; they enlarged the tract of land first set apart to them by moving their people off to a greater distance."

And Loskiel says : " Gehelemukpechink was forsaken by its inhabitants, and a new town built on the east side of the Muskingum, opposite the influx of the Walhonding. This town was called Goshhocking, and chief Netawatwes chose it for his future residence."

Under these auspicious circumstances, the year 1775 commenced, and proved a season of external repose and internal prosperity to the mission. "The rest enjoyed by the Indian congregation in the year 1775, was peculiarly pleasing," says Loskiel, "and much favored the visits of set-ang- ers, who came. in such numbers that the chapel at Shoenbrun, which might contain about five hundred persons, was too small." At the close of the year, their number was four hundred and fourteen persons. All were in the enjoyment of the comforts, almost the luxuries, of civilization. The lives and deaths of the Indian converts were very exemplary, while the children were zealously taught in schools, into which the missionary, Zeisberger, had introduced a spelling book, published in the Delaware language.

In April, 1776, Zeisberger and Heckeweider founded another settlement, within two miles of Goshhocking, and called it Lichtenau. This spot had been selected by the chiefs themselves, ac, cording to Heckewelder, that they, as well as their children, might have an opportunity of hav- ing the Gospel preached—a Wish which the old and principal chief, Netawatwes, had repeatedly informed them of, both by public and private messengers."

The external relations of the mission, (to adopt a favorite expression of the Moravian historians), have been incidentally included in our narrative of the efforts of the Delaware peace chiefs, to pre- serve the neutrality of their nation. As Netawat- wes and the other chiefs, at the forks of the Muskingum, were the protectors of the missionaries, and concurred in the pacific dispositions of the Christian Indians, their interests and sympathies, in that respect, were identical, and the American people unquestionably owe to the locality and labors of the Moravian teachers, at this critical period, that a general combination of the Western Indians was postponed until 1780—a date when the French alliance and the increase of population on the southern bank of the Ohio conspired to arrest most disastrous consequences.

In the summer of 1781, there was an illustration of the .different sentiments with which the Moravians were regarded by the American officers, and the militia under their command. Colonel Daniel Brodhead, then stationed at Pittsburgh, led an expedition against Goshhocking, the Del- aware town, on the east bank of the Muskingum, and, on his march thither, halted about four miles below. Salem. Here he addressed a note to Heckewelder, requesting a supply of provisions, anti that the missionary would visit his camp. Heckewelcier hastened to comply, and personally received; from the American officers, assurances that their troops should not molest the Moravian Indians, who had conducted themselves, he proceeded to say, in a manner that did them honor, and that neither the English or Americans could, with justice, reproach them with improper conduct in their situation. While Colonel Brodhead was speaking, however, an officer hastily entered to inform him that a body of militia were about "breaking off for the purpose of destroying the

Moravian settlements up the river," and it was with great difficulty that the commanding officer, aided by Colonel David Shepherd, of Wheeling, could restrain the men from adding such an outrage to the other acts of inhumanity which attended the Coshocton campaign.

Immediately after this Coshocton campaign, a deeply interesting interview occurred between a distinguished Delaware chief and the inhabitants of the Moravian villages. Heckewelder calls him "the head war chief of the Delaware nation," and we are satisfied that he is the same individual of whom we first hear, in the French and English war as "Shingess ;" next, in 1762, as Bog Meadow or Kingas ; now, in 1781, as Pachgantschihilas ; again, in 1785, at an Indian council, near the mouth of the Great Miami, as Pacanchihilas ; and long afterwards, as the Bockingehelas, whom many of the early settlers of Ohio recollect to have been living in 1804.; at a great age. This chief, on the present occasion, was accompanied by eighty warriors, who silently surrounded Gnadenhutten before day break. As they approached, the town was hailed, and their leader demanded the delivery of Gillelemend, or Killbuck, and the other peace chiefs of the Delawares. He was informed that they had gone to Pittsburgh some time before, and, after strict search, the Indians were satisfied that they were not in town. The nation now being at war, these peace chiefs had become subordinate to the war chiefs, and Pachgantschihilas was determined to remove them where they could exercise no function until their services were required to conclude peace.

The Delaware chief then demanded that deputies from the three Moravian towns should be assembled, and he proceeded to address them (according to Heckewelder) as follows :

" Friends and kinsmen, listen to what I have to say to you. You see a great and powerful nation divided. You see the father fighting against the son, and the son against the father. The father has called on his Indian children to assist him in punishing his children, the Americans, who have become refractory. I took time to consider what I should do, whether or not I. should receive the hatchet of my father to assist him. At first I looked upon it as a family quarrel, in which I was not interested. However, at length it appeared to me that the father was in the right, and his children deserved to be punished a little. That this must be the case, I concluded from the many cruel acts his offspring had committed from time to time on his Indian children, in encroaching on their lands, stealing their property, shooting at and murdering, without a cause, men, women and children. Yes, even murdering those who at all times, had been friendly to them, and were placed for protection under the roof of their father's house ; the father himself, standing sentry at the door, at the time. (The allusion here, is to the slaughter of the Conestoga Indians, of Pennsylvania, by a mob of whites, although they had taken refuge in Lancaster Jail.)

"Friends and relatives, often has the father been obliged to settle and make amends for the wrongs and mischiefs done to us by his refractory children, yet these do not grow any better. No ! They remain the same, and will continue to be so, so long as we have any left of us. Look back at the murders committed by the Longknives (Virginians) on many of our relations, who lived peaceable neighbors to them on the Ohio. Did they not kill them without the least provocation? Are they, do you think, any better than they were then? No, indeed not, and many days are not elapsed since you had a number of these very men near your doors who panted to kill you, but fortunately were prevented from so doing by the Great Sun, (Colonel Brodhead,) who, at that time, had, by the Great Spirit, been ordained to protect you.

“Friends and relatives, you love that which is good, and wish to live in peace with all mankind, and at a place where you may not be disturbed, whilst praying. You are very right in this, and I do not reproach you in having made the choice. But, my friends and relatives, does the place you are at present settled at answer this purpose? Do you not live in the very road the contending parties pass over when they go to fight each other? Have you not discovered the foot-steps of the Longknives almost in sight of your towns, and seen the smoke arising from their camps? Should not this be sufficient warning to you, and lead you to consult your own safety ? We have long since turned our faces towards your habitations, in the expectation of seeing you come from where you now are, to Us, where you would be out of danger, but you were so engaged in praying, that you did not discover our anxiety for your sakes.

" Friends and relatives, now listen to me and hear what I have to say to you. I am myself come to bid you rise and go with me to a secure place. Do not, my friends, covet the land you now hold under cultivation. I will conduct you to a country equally good, where your fields shall yield you abundant crops, and where your cattle shall find abundant pasture ; where there is plenty of game, where your women and children, together with yourselves, will live in peace and safety, where no Long-knife shall ever molest you. Nay, I will live between you and them, and not even suffer them to frighten you. There, you can worship your God without fear. Here, where you are, you cannot do this. Think on what I have said to you, and believe that if you stay where you now are, one day or the other, the Longknives will, in their usual way, speak fine words to you, and at the same time murder you."

In the course of an hour the Christian. Indians replied to the foregoing address, with thanks for the kind expressions of their friends and relatives, but stating that they were unwilling to believe that their American brethren, against whom they had never committed a hostile act, should inflict such injuries upon them. They hinted that their only danger grew out of the fact that war parties, like the present, by going,

or returning through their villages, might draw an enemy upon them ; otherwise, they had no fears. As to the invitation to leave their settlements, they objected that they were much too heavy (in possession of too much property, provisions, etc.,) to think of rising and going with their friends and relatives.

Pachgantschiffilas, after another consultation with his captains, repeated his former warning, but disclaimed any purpose of compelling the Moravians to leave their settlements. We requested, in conclusion, that anyone who chose to avoid the dangers which he anticipated, might be free to accept his protection, to which the missionaries assured him there would be no objection. The next day the chief and his warriors proceeded to Salem, where .a feast had been prepared for them, under the direction of Glikhikan, who came forth to greet and welcome his guests. The warriors approached gravely and decorously, without yell or .shout. When they arrived in the centre of the village, opposite. the chapel and residence of.Heckewelder, Pachgantschihilas ordered a halt, and publicly pronounced a warm eulogy upon the believing Indians'. He then dismissed them to their entertainment, which had been provided in a grove of sugar maple, while the chief himself, accompanied by two Shawanese and two Delaware war captains, repaired to the house of Heckewelder, in whom they recognized the youthful pall-bearer at the funeral of his favorite wife, nineteen years before, at Tuscaroras. Here, where also were assembled the national assistants of the mission, he repeated his friendly assurances, and soon after departed with his warriors, having first proclaimed from the centre of the street, in a tone audible to all the inhabitants, that "if at any time they should hear it said that Pachgantschihilas was an enemy to the believing Indians, they should consider such words as lies."

It was from the English quarter, that their first serious interruption to the peaceful pursuits of the Moravian community proceeded. The tory .leaders of the Ohio savages, McKee, Elliott, and Simon Girty, were extremely hostile, and were charged with having instigated several attempts to assassinate or seize the missionaries. Baffled in these by the vigilance and devotion of the Christian Indians, they represented to the British Commandant at Detroit, Colonel Depeyster, that the missionaries were partizans and spies of .Congress, and that their influence was extremely prejudicial to the British interest. That officer was induced to insist upon their removal from the vicinity of Pittsburgh, and early in 1781, his wishes were communicated to the great council of the Six Nations, assembled at Niagara, by whom a message was sent to the Ottawas and Chippewas to the following effect : "We here with make you a present of the Christian Indians On the Muskingum, to make both of;" an expression well understood to mean : "We desire you to put those people to death." But those two nations being a branch of the Delaware stock, and ranking as their grandchildren, replied : "We have no cause for doing this." The Wyandots, at first, were even more disinclined to assume the ungrateful task, because the Detroit division of the tribe held the relation of guardian or protector of the Christian Indians among themselves, who were the converts of Catholic missionaries, and they knew no sectarian distinction between Catholic Wyandot and the Protestant Delaware, or Mohican, while Pamoacan, or the Half King, at Upper Sandusky, had hitherto avowed and conducted himself as a friend and champion of the Muskingum mission. But Captain Pipe and his followers were now neighbors of Half King, at Upper Sandusky, and the latter was persuaded to lead a body of two hundred warriors against the Moravian towns. Heckewelder, after the arrival of some reinforcements, states the whole force at three hundred men, and classifies them as Wyandots from Upper Sandusky, commanded by Half King ; another band of Wyandots, from Detroit and Lower Sandusky, commanded by Kuhn, a head war chief of the latter place ; a party of Delawares from Upper Sandusky, led by the war chiefs Pipe and Wingemund ; about forty Muncies, also from Upper Sandusky, (probably under the apostate Newalike) ; two Shawanese Captains, named by the traders John and Thomas Snake, with a few warriors from the Scioto ; several straggling Indians of the Mohegan and Ottawa tribes, and Elliott, whose rank in the British service was Captain, with his attendant, Michael Herbert, and Alexander McCormick, the bearer of a British flag ; and a small train of unarmed Wyandots, men and women, with horses, who had come to assist in removing the booty.

When this formidable band approached Salem, the Half King sent a message to the Christian Indians, desiring them to fear nothing ; adding, that he came himself to see that no injury should be done to them ; but, having good words to speak, he wished to know which of their settlements would be most convenient for a meeting. Now, as Gnadenhutten was in every respect the most proper place, it was accordingly fixed upon. The warriors, therefore, pitched their camp, on the 11th of August, on the west side of Gnadenhutten, and were treated in the most liberal manner.

On the 20th of August, Half King appointed a meeting of the believing Indians and their teachers, and delivered the following speech :

"Cousins ! ye believing Indians in Gnadenhutten, Shoenbrun, and Salem : I am much concerned on your account, perceiving that you live in a dangerous spot. Two powerful, angry and merciless gods, stand ready, opening their jaws wide against each other. You are sitting down between both, and are thus in danger of being ground to powder by the teeth of one or the other, or both. It is, therefore, not advisable for you to stay here any longer. Consider your young people, your wives, and your children, and preserve their lives, for here they must all

perish. I, therefore, take you by the hand, lift you up, and place you in, or near, my dwelling, where you will be safe, and dwell in peace. Do not stand looking at your plantations and houses, but arise and follow me. Take, also, your teachers with you, and worship God in the place to which I shall lead you, as you have been accustomed to do. You shall likewise find provisions, and our father beyond the lake (meaning the Governor, at Detroit) will care for you. This is my message, and I am come purposely to deliver it."

He then delivered a string of wampum, and the missionaries and Indian assistants of the three settlements met in conference, to consider the unexpected address, and, on the 21st, the latter delivered the following answer to Half King :

"Uncle, and ye captains of the Delawares and Muncies, our friends and countrymen, ye Shawanese, our nephews, and all ye other people here assembled : We have heard your words ; but have not seen the danger so great that we may not stay here. We keep peace with all men, and have nothing to do with war, nor do we wish or desire anything, but to be permitted to enjoy rest and peace. You see, yourselves, that we cannot rise immediately and go with you, for we are heavy, and time is required to prepare for it. But we will keep and consider your words, and let you, Uncle, know our answer next winter, after the harvest ; upon this you may rely."

Half King, certainly, and perhaps Captain Pipe, were not disposed to press the matter further, and, in the Indian camp, the current was so strongly in favor of the Christian Indians, that some were disposed to make a shooting-target of the British flag, as a retaliation upon the agency of Captain Elliott. That officer, whose zeal for the English cause was stimulated by the prospect of pecuniary advantage in the sacrifice of the stock and other valuable property of the mission, labored zealously to remove the reluctance of Half King and Pipe. He represented to them that the English Governor at Detroit would be greatly dissatisfied if they returned without the missionaries. It unfortunately happened that two Moravian Indians, whorir the missionaries had dispatched to Pittsburg, with information of the existing state of things, were intercepted by the savages, and this circumstance was exaggerated by Captain Elliott, into proof not only that the missionaries were leagued with their enemies, but that they were instigating a hostile expedition against the party of Half King and Pipe. This turn of affairs greatly exasperated those chiefs. At a second council, held on the 25th, Half King had seemed to waver ; at least, he listened to the remonstrances of Glikhikan and his associates in silence ; but, in his altered humor, he no longer hesitated. A third council was convened, on the 2d of September, before which Zeisberger, Seuseman and Heckewelder, with their assistants, were summoned, and Half King insisted upon their giving an immediate answer, whether they would go with him or not, without retiring to consult upon it. The missionaries appealed to their former answer, the meeting broke up without debate and in some confusion, and, soon afterwards, Zeisberger, Seuseman, and Heckewelder, were violently seized and imprisoned. They were voluntarily joined by their associate, William Edwards, who was determined to accept no exemption from their fate. During that night and the subsequent day, their residences were pillaged. The other missionaries, Young and Youngman, were also imprisoned, although the latter was released the next day. The wives and children of the five missionaries were brought to Gnadenhutten, as captives, but were soon released, as were the missionaries themselves, after five days' close confinement and distressing anxiety.

The life of Isaac Glikhikan was endangered by the heroic act of a young Indian relative, who rode Captain Pipe's best horse to Pittsburgh, with the news of the violence. As soon as her departure was discovered, she was instantly pursued, but, as she could not be overtaken, the savages were enraged in the highest degree, and a party of warriors immediately started for Salem, and brought Isaac Glikhikan, bound, to Gnadenhutten, singing a death song. Loskiel relates that while they were binding him, perceiving that they seemed so much terrified, he encouraged them, saying, "Formerly, when I was ignorant of God, I should not have suffered any one of you to touch me ; but now, having been converted unto Him, through mercy, I am willing to suffer all things, for His sake." He no sooner arrived in the camp than a general uproar ensued, the savages demanding that he should be cut in pieces. The Delawares, who hated him more particularly for his conversion, thirsted for his blood, but Half King, interfering, would not suffer him to be killed. However, they examined him very severely, and, though his innocence was clearly proved, they attacked him with opprobrious language. After some hours' confinement, he was set at liberty. Although the young woman reached Pittsburgh, the commandant there deemed it too late, or otherwise unadvisable, to attempt a forcible rescue. It was a prudent decision, and, probably, prevented a massacre of the missionaries and their families.

On the l0th, the Indians resumed their outrages to such a degree, that emigration seemed the desirable alternative. It was accordingly proposed to the congregations, who sorrowfully assembled. "But they never," says Loskiel, "forsook any country with more reluctance. They were now obliged to forsake the beautiful settlement, Gnadenhutten, Salem and Shoenbrun, and the greatest of their possessions in them. They had already lost above two hundred head of horned cattle, and four hundred hogs. Besides this, they left a great quantity of Indian corn in store, above three hundred acres of corn land, where the harvest was just ripening, besides potatoes, cabbage, and other roots and garden fruits in the ground. But )vhat gave them the most pain was the total loss of all books and

writings, for the instruction of their youth ; these were all burned by the savages."

On the third day after their departure, they arrived at Goshocking, where a short halt was made to hunt a tamed buffalo cow, which was shot as it came to the river to drink. Here Elliott left for the Scioto to meet McKee, greatly to the relief of the Moravian teachers. They then ascended the Walhonding, partly by water, and partly along the banks of that stream. On the 19th, two of their best canoes, heavily laden with provisions, sunk in a violent storm of wind and rain, and the women. and children suffered severely from exposure. Half King halted, to give the encampment an opportunity to dry their clothes, and baggage, and hence dispatched a war party to the Ohio. "While they were marching so proudly through our camp," adds Heckewelder, "they were not aware .of what would befall them. They were defeated with the loss of some of the, party, among whom were, the Half King's two sons."

The month of October had not passed, before a message was received from the British com- mandant at Detroit, requiring the missionaries to appear before him. On the 25th, Zeisberger, Heckewelder, Seuseman and Edwards, with four Indian assistants, Started on the. journey, and reached Detroit at the expiration of nine days.

In the first interview with the Governor, (Arend Schuyler Depeyster,) he informed them that the reason of calling them from their settle- ments on the Muskingum, was because he had heard that they carried on a correspondence with the .Americans to the prejudice of the English interest. The missionaries justified themselves from such an imputation, and a further investigation was postponed until the arrival of Captain Pipe. Fortunately, that Chief was not accompanied by Elliott or Girty, and when he was confronted with the missionaries on the 9th of November, he bore a frank and honorable testimony to their impartiality and worth, and in answer to a direct appeal by the. Governor, advised that they should be allowed to return to their congregation. "I never witnessed," Heckewelder, piously observes, "a More manifest instance of the powerful workings of conscience than during the whole of this transaction. Of course, all who were present, immediately acquitted us of all the charges brought against us; expressing their sincere regret that we had innocently suffered so much."

The missionaries were thenceforth treated with much kindness by the commandant, his officers, and the inhabitants of Detroit, and soon returned to Upper Sandusky. Here, as the winter advanced, the unfortunate Indians were often on the verge of starvation. While Half King and Pipe, instigated by Girty and Elliott, resumed their persecutions, and demanded that the Governor of Detroit should remove the teachers from Sandusky. Their threats were too significant to be disregarded, and an order was received on the ist of March,. 1782, directing Girty and Half King to remove the missionaries and their families to Detroit ; but as they had just arranged on an expedition to the Ohio, one Francis Lavallie, a Canadian Frenchman, living at Lower Sandusky, was appointed to accompany them. This was a fortunate exchange, for their conductor proved himself courteous and humane, even surrendering his own horse to the missionary Zeisberger, who was sixty years old, and insisting that respect for his age and station alike, prompted the act. Lavallie, instead of urging the party, among whom were the wives and children of the missionaries, through the dreary wilderness beyond Lower Sandusky, tarried at the latter place and sent a messenger to Detroit for further instructions, while, until his return, two English traders, Messrs. Arundel and Robins, hospitably received the fugitives into their houses. In due course, two vessels arrived from Detroit, under directions from the Governor, to transport the missionaries and their families by Sandusky Bay and Lake Erie. They embarked on the t4th of April, greatly to the chagrin of Girty who.had complained in the most brutal manner of their indulgent treatment, and made the voyage safely to Detroit, where they were generously received, and allowed their choice, either to remain under the protection of Colonel Depeyster, or be returned to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, (from whence they, as missionaries, originally came). They chose to remain in the vicinity of their beloved Indian congregation, although restrained from living among them.

Simultaneously with the removal of Zeisberger and his fellow teachers to Detroit, a tragedy was enacted on the Muskingum, which fills the darkest page of the border history of the American Revolution. We refer to the cruel and cowardly massacre of a party of Moravian Indians, who had repaired to their deserted cornfields to glean the scattered ears for the relief of their suffering 'brethren on the Sandusky plains. Unhappily, while this peaceable party were thus engaged on the Muskingum, a band of Indians from Sandusky had made a descent upon the Pennsylvania frontier, and murdered the family of William Wallace, consisting of his wife and five or six children. A man named John Carpenter was taken prisoner at the same time. Enraged at these outrages, a band of one hundred and sixty men, from the settlements of Monongahela, turned out in quest of the marauders, under the command of Colonel David Williamson. Each man provided himself with arms, ammunition and provisions, and the greater number were mounted. They struck immediately for the settlements of Salem and Gnadenhutten, arriving within a mile of the latter place at the close of the second day's march. Colonel Gibson, commanding at Pittsburgh, having heard of Williamson's expedition, dispatched messengers to apprise the Indians of the circumstance, but they arrived too late.

The Christian Indians were aware of the approach of Williamson's band, but having recently

been accustomed to regard the savage allies of the English as the source of their injuries, made no effort to escape, although their labors were accomplished, and they were about to retrace th6ir steps to Sandusky. The bloody sequel we prefer to give in the words of Loskiel :

"Meanwhile, the murderers marched first to Gnadenhutten, where they arrived on the 6th day of March. About a mile from the settlement they met young Shebosch in the wood, fired at him, and wounded him so much that he could not escape. He then, according to the account of the murderers themselves, begged for his life, representing that he was Shebosch, the son of a white Christian man. But they paid no attention to his entreaties, and cut him in pieces with their hatchets. They then approached the Indians, most of whom were in their plantations, and surrounded them almost imperceptibly, but, feigning a friendly behavior, told them to go home, promising to do them no injury. They even pretended to pity them on account of the mischief done to them by the English and the savages, assuring them of the protection and friendship of the Americans. The poor believing Indians, knowing nothing of the death of Shebosch, believed every word they said, went home with them and treated them in the most hospitable manner. They likewise spoke freely concerning their sentiments as Christian Indians, who had never taken the least share in the war. A small barrel of wine being found among their goods, they told their persecutors, on inquiry, that it was intended for the Lord's Supper, and that they were going to carry it to Sandusky. Upon this, they were informed that they should not•return thither, but go to Pittsburgh, where they would be out. of the way of any assault made by the English or savages. This they heard with resignation, concluding that God would perhaps choose this method to put an end to their sufferings. Prepossessed with this idea, they cheerfully delivered their guns, hatchets and other weapons to the murderers, who promised to take good care of them, and in Pittsburgh to return every article to its rightful owner. The Indians even showed them those things which they had secreted in the woods, assisted in packing them up, and emptied all their beehives for their pretended friends.

''In the meantime, the assistant, John Martin, went to Salem, and brought the news of the arrival of the white people to the believing Indians, assuring them that they need not be afraid to go with them, for they were come to carry them to a place of safety, and to afford them protection and support. The Salem Indians did not hesitate to accept this proposal, believing, unanimously, that God had sent the Americans to release them from their disagreeable situation at Sandusky, and imagining that when they had arrived at Pittsburgh they might soon find a safe place to build a settlement, and easily procure advice and assistance from Bethlehem. Thus, John Martin, with two Salem brethren, returned to Gnadenhutten, to acquaint both their Indian brethren and the white people with their resolution. The latter expressed their desire to see Salem, and a party of them was conducted thither, and received with much friendship. Here they pretended to have the same good will and affection towards the Indians as at Gnadenhutten, and easily persuaded them to return with them. By the way, they entered into much spiritual conversation with the Indians, some of whom spoke English well, giving these people, who feigned great pity, proper scriptural answers to many questions concerning religious subjects. The assistants, Isaac Glikhikan and Israel, were no less sincere and unreserved in their answers to some political questions started by the white people, and thus the murderers obtained a full and satisfactory account of the present situation and sentiments of the Indian congregation. In the meantime, the defenceless Indians at Gnadenhutten, were suddenly attacked and driven together by the white people, and, without resistance, seized and bound. The .Salem Indians now met the same fate. Before they entered Gnadenhutten, they were at once surprised by their conductors, robbed of their guns, and even their pocket knives, and brought bound into the settlement."

The officers, unwilling to take on themselves the whole responsibility of a massacre, agreed to refer the question to a vote of the detachment. The men were drawn up in a line, and William- son put the question, "Whether the Moravian Indians should be taken prisoners to Pittsburgh, or put to death?" requesting all in favor of saying their lives to advance in front of the line. On this, sixteen, (some say eighteen,) stepped out of the rank, and formed themselves into a second line. In this manner was their fate decided. Those who were of a different opinion," continues Loskiel, "wrung their hands, calling God to witness that they were innocent of the blood of these harmless Christian Indians. But the majority remained unmoved, and only differed concerning the mode of execution. Some were for burning them alive, others for taking their scalps, and the latter was at last agreed upon ; upon which one of the murderers was sent to the prisoners to tell them that as they were Christian Indians, they might prepare themselves in a Christian manner, for they must all die to-morrow.

“It may easily be conceived how great their terror was at hearing a sentence so unexpected. However, they soon recollected themselves, and patiently suffered the murderers to lead them into two houses, in one of which the brethren, and in the other the sisters and children, were confined like sheep ready for the slaughter. They declared to the murderers, that, though they called God to witness that they were perfectly innocent, yet they were prepared and willing to suffer death. But as they had, at their conversion and baptism, made a solemn promise to the Lord Jesus Christ, that they would live unto him and endeavor to please Him alone in this world, they knew that they had been deficient in many

respects, and therefore wished to have some time granted to pour out their hearts before him in prayer, and in exhorting each other to remain faithful unto the end. One brother, called Abraham, who, for some time past, had been in a luke-warm state of heart, seeing his end approaching, made the following public confession before his brethren :

"Dear Brethren—It seems as if we should all soon depart unto our Savior, for our sentence is fixed. You know that I have been an unto-ward child, and have grieved the Lord and my brethren by my disobedience, not walking as I ought to have done. But yet I will now cleave to my Savior with my last breath, and hold him fast, though I am so great a sinner. I know assuredly that He will forgive me all my sins and not cast me out."

"The brethren assured him of their love and forgiveness, and both they and the sisters spent the latter part of the night in singing praises to God; their Savior, in the joyful hope that they would soon be able to praise him without sin.

"When the day of execution arrived, namely, the 8th day of March, 1782, two houses were fixed upon, one for the brethren, and one for the sisters and children, to which the wanton murderers gave the name of slaughter houses. Some of them went to the brethren and showed great impatience that the execution had not yet begun, to which the brethren replied that they were all ready to die, having commended their immortal souls to God, who had given them that Divine assurance, in their hearts, that they should come unto Him and be with Him forever more.

Immediately after this declaration, the carnage commenced. The poor innocent people— men, women and children—were led, bound two and two together with ropes, into the above mentioned slaughter houses, and there scalped and murdered.' Heckewelder says : "One of the party, now taking up a cooper's mallet, which lay in the house, (the owner being a cooper), saying: 'How exactly this will answer for the business ;' he began with Abraham, and continued knocking down, one after another, until he had counted fourteen that he had killed with his own hands. He now handed the instrument to one of his fellow murderers, saying : 'My arm now fails me go on in the same way ! I think I have done pretty well.' In another house, where the women and children were confined, Judith, a remarkably pious aged widow, was the first victim.

"According to the testimony of the murderers themselves, they behaved with uncommon patience, and went to meet death with cheerful resignation. A sister, called Christina, who formerly lived with the sisters in Bethlehem, and who Spoke English and German well, fell upon her knees before the captain of the gang and begged for her life, but was told that he could not help her.

"Thus, ninety-six persons magnified the name of the Lord by patiently meeting a cruel death. Sixty-two were grown persons, and among them were five of the most valuable assistants. There were thirty-four children.

"Only two youths, each between sixteen and seventeen years old, escaped—almost miraculously—from the hands of the murderers. One of them, seeing they were in earnest, was so fortunate as to disengage himself from the bonds, then, slipping unobserved from the crowd, he crept through a narrow window into the cellar of the house in which the sisters were executed. Their blood penetrated through the flooring, and, according to his account, ran in streams into the cellar, by which it appears probable that most, if not all of them, were not merely scalped, but killed with hatchets , and swords. The lad lay concealed until night—no one coming to search the cellar—when, with much difficulty, he climbed up the wall to the window, and escaped into a neighboring thicket. The other youth was named Thomas. They struck him only a blow upon the head, took his scalp, and left him. After some time he recovered his senses, saw himself surrounded by bleeding bodies, among them one called Abel, endeavoring to raise himself up. But he remained still as though dead, and his caution proved the means of his deliverance, for soon after, one of the murderers, observing Abel's motions, killed him with two or three blows. Thomas lay quiet until dark, though suffering the most agonizing torment.. He then ventured to creep towards the door, and observing nobody in the neighborhood, got out and escaped into the woods, where he concealed himself. These two youths met afterwards in the woods, and God preserved them from harm on their journey to Sandusky. They took a long circuit, and suffered great hard- ships and danger on their way. Before they left Gnadenhutten, they observed the murderers making merry after their successful enterprise, and at last set fire to the two slaughter houses filled with corpses.

“Providentially, the believing Indians who were at Shoenbrun escaped. The missionaries had, immediately on receiving orders to repair to Fort Detroit, sent a messenger to the Muskingum, to call the Indians home, with a view to see them once more, and to get horses for their journey. This messenger happened to arrive at Shoenbrun the day before the murderers came to Gnadenhutten, and having delivered his message, the Indians of Shoenbrun sent another messenger to Gnadenhutten, to inform their brethren there, and at Salem, of the messages received. But before he reached Gnadenhutten, he found young Shebosch lying dead and scalped by the wayside, and looking forward, saw many white people in and about Gnadenhutten. Ile instantly fled back with great precipitation, and told the 'Indians at Shoenbrun what he had seen, who all took flight and ran into the woods. They now hesitated a long while, not knowing whither to turn, or how to proceed. Thus, when the murderers arrived at Shoenbrun, the Indians were still near the premises, observing everything that happened there, and might easily have been discovered but here the murderers seemed, as it were, struck with blindness. Finding nobody at home, they destroyed and set fire to the settlement, having

done the same at Gnadenhutten and Salem. They set off with the scalps of their innocent victims, about fifty horses, a number of blankets and other things, and marched to Pittsburgh, with a view to murder the Indians lately settled on the north side of the Ohio, opposite the Fort. Some of them fell a sacrifice to the rage of this bloodthirsty crew, and a few escaped. Among the latter was Anthony, a member of the (Moravian) congregation, who happened to be at Pittsburgh, and both he and the Indians at Shoenbrun arrived, after many dangers, safely at Sandusky."

The Rev. Joseph Doddridge, in his notes on the settlement and Indian wars of Western Virginia and Pennsylvania, published in Wheeling, in 1824, closes his narrative of this transaction by saying that Colonel Williamson had only the rank of a militia officer, which was to advise and not to command ; that "he was a brave man, but not cruel ; he would meet an enemy and fight like a soldier, but would not murder a prisoner. Had he possessed the authority of a superior officer in a regular army, I do not believe a single Moravian Indian would have lost his life ; but he possessed no such authority. H?s only fault was too easy compliance with popular opinion and popular prejudice.

"Should it be asked, what sort of people composed the band of murderers of those unfortunate people? I answer, they were not miscreants or vagabonds. Many of them were men of the first standing in the country. Many of them were men who had recently lost relatives by the hand of the savages. Several of the latter class found articles which had been plundered from their own homes, or those of their relatives, in the houses of the Moravians. One man, it is said, found the clothes of his wife and children, who had been murdered by the Indians but a few days before. They were still bloody ; yet there was no unequivocal evidence that these people had any direct agency in the war. Whatever of our property was found with them had been left by the warriors in exchange for provisions, which they took from them. When attacked by our people, they might have defended themselves ; they did not. They never fired a single shot. They were prisoners, and had been promised protection. Every dictate of justice and humanity required that their lives should be spared. The complaint of their villages being 'half-way houses for the warriors' was at an end, as they had been removed to San- dusky the fall before. It was, therefore, an atrocious and unqualified murder."

Soon after the massacre on the Muskingum. the congregation at Sandusky, reduced in numbers and deprived of teachers, yielded to the solicitations of their Delaware and Shawanese friends, and abandoned their settlements at Sandusky. They were ordered to do so by Half King, who persisted in holding them in some degree responsible for the fate of his two sons ; but, in their situation, it was, doubtless, a prudent resolution. Heckewelder mentions the Scioto and Miami of the Lake as their destinations, and here, while the heathen, aboriginal, and European; raged around them, the simple-hearted proselytes of a religion of peace found a refuge.

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THE PIONEERS - SCHOOLS - DILLON'S FALLS - FIRST STORE-MAIL ROUTE-BLACK, LOG M. E. CHURCH ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIP - ITS TOPOGRAPHY, SOIL AND GEOLOGY-FIRST SURVEYORS-PHYSICIANS-WEST ZANESVILLE VILLAGE-THE PIONEER PREACHER--TEMPERANCE WORK - TAVERNS - FLOURING MILLS-FIRST BURIAL GROUND-FIRST TANNERY-FIRST MARRIAGE - REPRESENTATIVES - SALT WORKS- FIRST SABBATH SCHOOL- METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH-NATIONAL ROAD-FRAZEYBURG SCHOOL-RICH VALE M. E. CHURCH-OAKLAND CHURCH- ANCIENT POTTERY-POST OFFICE IN WEST ZANESVILLE-GLEN MOORE NURSERY- ISRAELITISH BURIAL GROUND -VILLAGE OF WEST ZANESVILLE ANNEXED TO THE CITY OF ZANESVILLE-THE FIRST GRANGE-PLEASANT VALLEY GRANGE - RICH VALLEY GRANGE - POTTERY-LIME BURNING-IRON ORE-MAGNE7 SIAN LIMESTONE-THE FIRST RAILROAD- GEOLOGY.

THE PIONEERS . —The first settler was Edward Tanner, who built his cabin not far from the south bank of the Licking river, about seven miles above its mouth. This was in 1790, four years before the trading post was inaugurated at Zanestown, and before any amicable relations seemed to exist between the "pale faces" and the Aborigines. We say amicable relations, for the common feeling between the two races was manifestly hostile, based upon a supposed antagonism, and, owing to the treachery of many white and red men, too often declared itself by deeds of rapine, arson and bloodshed, the legiti- mate outgrowth of false ideas of mine and thine. Tradition informs us that Edward Tanner, who was born on the south branch of the Potomac, when about sixteen years old was captured by .Indians and taken to Upper Sandusky, Ohio, and kept a prisoner for three years and a half and then released, when he returned to Virginia, and, after becoming a man, married and soon af- ter migrated to the place where he built his cabin, as stated. In view of his capture and re- lease, we may suppose that he was not maltreated during that captivity, and that he had found favor at their hands, and as he subsequently was

will- ing to venture with his wife into the wilderness over which red men roamed and held dominion,he evidently had acquired faith in their integrity and fair dealing, when met by the same traits in the white man. At any rate, he settled in their midst and remained unmolested. And a little more than a year afterwards—in 1792—his son, Samuel, was born. William C. Tanner was born there also—the same now known as Captain Tanner.

About the beginning of the present century Edward Tanner built a new log house to dwell in, instead of the primitive cabin. This was the first hewed log house in all this country ; it is not now used for a dwelling. Edward Tanner was a consistent member of the M. E. Church. He died in 1831. His son, Captain W. C. Tanner, lives on the old homestead farm. Major Bonnifield was the next to settle in this locality, but when the township lines were run, his home was found to be in Hopewell township. Baltzer Fletcher settled near Mr. Tanner, on the east, about 1791. He was from Virginia, also. John Kinkead came from New Jersey, in 1795.

In 1797,EliasHughes and John Ratliff—frontier scouts—moved from Virginia and settled near the mouth of the Licking river, but in about a year forsook their cabins and moved about twenty miles further up the stream. It is not likely that they made homes there, as no trace is to be found of them, beyond the tradition. It is prob- able they were the same worthies of whom an account, by their names, is given in the history of Muskingum township.

In 1798, a Mr. Priest settled in the same locality. Tradition informs us that " Mr. Priest, wife and six children, the youngest in arms, removed from Culpepper county, Virginia, four hundred miles away, the parents walking, the mother carrying her babe, while the other children and their household goods and furniture were trans- ported on pack horses. Mrs. Priest lived to be 102 years old." It is to be regretted that the place of their location and some of the events of such a family, have not been kept in the memory of some one, or otherwise preserved.

Abel Lewis came to Zanesville from Pennsylvania, in the year 1800. It is said he was a man of unusual courage, although very cautious. Doubtless a man venturing from Pennsylvania into Ohio, at that time, was possessed of true courage. The following incident, related of him, evinces his caution :. "Traveling on foot, when night came, in order to avoid the danger of being attacked by wild beasts while asleep, he climbed into a tree top, tied his arm to a limb with his pocket handkerchief, and passed the night safely." That the country was settled by

such men, was surely a guarantee of its development in the ways of civilization. Mr. Lewis was clerk of the court from 1803 to 1811 ; he was a surveyor, also. He removed to the farm now occupied by his son, George J. Lewis, in 1812. George was a small boy at that time, and has lived on the old home place ever since. It is situated near the north boundary, and a little west of the median line of the township.

John Channel, a noted hunter, squatted near John Ratliff in 1804, and changed his abode soon after, for some locality further up the river.

The next to join the settlement, were William Kamp and Frederick Geyer. The latter, in 1807, lived on the farm now owned by Lewis Lane. His son, George F. Geyer, then a mere lad, is now in his eighty-fifth year.

The first carpenter was ___ Woodward, whose first work was done for Edward Tanner, on his hewed log house, A.D. 1800.

THE FIRST SCHOOL.—We would have liked to have given the names of the first scholars, or some of them, and their successors. It would have enabled the reader to recall fond memories, and doubtless would have awakened fountains of human feeling seemingly dried up. It is an unwelcome task to record so little concerning a field so fruitful of " happier hours," that were cherished in the long ago. Surely there was a wealth of ties in common, when children found their way o'er hill and dale to the log school house, where the teacher was sometimes taught as well as the scholar. And when the mysteries of the books were laid away for the day, and the evening shades began to fall, their souls breathed a " common prayer :”

And as the children wandered home again, often peering into each others faces, some of which were radiant with feeling, and tears of joy or sorrow lingered on the cheek—how hallowed those scenes ! but we have none other than our own memory to draw from, and so must be content with a few brief statements, and leave the reader to supply the rest.

The first school, then, was kept in the edge of Falls and Hopewell townships, in 1801,by a Mr. Black. The first school house in this township was built on the farm owned by William Search, situated in the southwest corner of the township, about 1804. This temple of learning, like many cotemporary institutions of the same kind, was of the primitive order of architecture—and too familiar to the student of " ye olden time " to warrant a description here. The purpose for which it was reared was served in the most practical way. It was then that the future statesman and philosopher, or the dignified matron, first struggled with the problems in orthography, and it is worthy of note that this subject has not ceased to cause a struggle in its mastery,even in institutions of greater pretensions, to this day. Writing and Arithmetic, the remaining members of the trio that embraced the curriculum of the institutions aforesaid—otherwise expressed in the phrase to " read, write and cipher "—formed the most important factors that challenged their endeavor. The graduates of these institutions had one advantage over those of more modern - times, they were satisfied with their attainments and betook themselves to the industrial pursuits of life, which, to them, were the short roads to happiness.

About the same time, perhaps a little later, J. Ranny taught school on the Camp farm, on the north side of the Licking river. The teachers have doubtless passed away, and there are few of the pupils to answer to the roll call.

The inception of this settlement, was when Moses Dillon first saw the Falls. About the year 1803, or 1804, Moses Dillon, senior, then about seventy years, of age, came to this region, as the traveling companion of a Quaker minister, on a visit to the Wyandot Indians, located at the head waters of the Coshocton branch of the Muskingum river. Arriving at the Falls of the Licking, Mr. Dillon was first impressed with the beauty of the landscape, and then with the fact that here was a fine water-power, and conceived the idea of utilizing it for manufacturing purposes. Before leaving the neighborhood, he discovered iron ore, which increased his determination to make this a business point. Soon after his return to his home, in Pennsylvania, he purchased a tract of land, including the Falls— probably near three thousand acres. He moved to the Falls in 1805, and erected an iron furnace and foundry, and made all kinds of hollow-ware then in vogue. This was probably the first furnace and foundry erected west of the Alleghany Mountains. In 1814, Mr. Dillon built a gristmill and two sawmills near the Falls; one on the east side of the river. These mills, and the furnace and foundry, gave employment, sometimes to as many as one hundred and fifty men.

In 1806, Mr. Dillon opened a store at the Falls of the Licking, with a general assortment of merchandise suited to the wants of the pioneer, and trading. with the Indians, many of whom yet lingered in the region round about, and found it convenient to exchange their skins, furs, other wares, and meats, for articles of clothing and ammunition. This became an important trading point. The people were allowed to settle on his land near by, and the village, that grew in this wise—though never regularly laid but, and no one acquired title to the land occupied by them once numbered fifty families.

Moses Dillon had three sons, John, Isaac, and Moses, who, like himself, were enterprising men. He was engaged in business with his sons until near the time of his death, in 1828, having lived to be ninety-four years old. His son John

continued the furnace, foundry, and mills, for some years after the father's death, and gave attention to agriculture and horticulture. He and his brother Isaac were among the number who organized the Muskingum County Agricultural Society, in 1836. They held their first fair at the Court House in Zanesville, an account of which is given in another part of this work. John Dil- lon was the first President of the Society. He died in the year 1862, aged eighty-six, having lived a very useful life. Isaac Dillon was exten- sively engaged in agriculture, horticulture, and breeding fine, stock. He was the first in the township to engage in breeding Durham cattle and Merino sheep, and aided many others to en- gage in this business.

In 1825, Isaac Dillon engaged in manufactur- ing linseed oil, carpets, cloths, cassimeres, and satinet. His mills were located at the mouth of the Licking river, in West Zanesville. He had a sawmill just above the bridge, and a store in the brick building now standing between the railroad bridge and the Licking river. They have all passed away ! Others occupy the field, with industries larger and grander, but not more important than those in their day.

The tree of prosperity, with its wide-spreading branches, each side of the river.

The first store was opened at the Falls of the Licking by Moses Dillon and sons, about A. D. 1806. Their merchandise was brought to them on pack-horses, rarely by wagon, and embraced everything known to the pioneer's schedule.

The first mail route through this township was from Zanesville to Newark, north of the Licking river, inaugurated in i8o6. The mail was first carried on horseback. In 1825, Neile, Moore & Company placed coaches on the road. This was a doubtful improvement, even for passengers, as road working had not been practiced, and most of the route lay through swampy woods. It was no unusual thing for a coach—having to take to the hillsides, to avoid the swamps—to upset, to the disquietude of the inmates, and sometimes seriously damaging their persons. The music of the driver's horn, or the flourish of his whip, may not be forgotten, but their combined influ- ence could not subdue the fears of those who en- trusted themselves to their care over one of these routes.

About the same time, John S. Dugan ran a line of stages fram Zanesville to Newark, via Irville and Nashport, a longer route, but traveled in less time than the other, as the road was better. One Alexander Thompson was a driver on this route. Drivers were notable characters, and fully appreciated their position, as mail carriers, especially, and often were "the boon companions of men of high as well as low degree."

This society was formed at the Falls of Licking river, about four miles from Zanesville, and organized in 1807. The first members were : Edward Tanner and family, Samuel Simpson and family, and Baltzer Fletcher and family.

The first class-leader and preacher was Rev. David Sherrard. The Reverends, James B. Findley and George Ellis, "pioneer itinerants," preached at this place, at divers times, and in sundry other places in this region, and were largely instrumental in the formation of the society alluded to. The former was for some time a missionary among Indians.

In 1807, or 1808, another society, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was formed, in the northwest corner of the territory now known as Falls township, and was known as Hayne's or Hooper's Society, probably because persons of those names took a leading part in their religious exercises ; this is more reasonable than to suppose that they were the leading contributors, for, in those days, all who attended the house of prayer were content with a very humble temple, and, as their habits were frugal, there was but a nominal expense connect- ed with the service. The probability is, also, that those who worshiped at all, worshiped God, since there was no pomp of circumstance, nor gorgeousness, about the temple to distract them from it.

This society built a meeting-house, in 1810, in the same locality. An accidental circumstance gave rise to the name by which it was best known in after years. During the process of building, one of the logs was blackened by fire before being raised to its place in the building, and the meeting-house was named "Black Log." Some, however, preferred to call it the chapel.

This township was organized on the 9th of March, A. D., 1808. September 3, 1817, a part of West Zanesville was added to its territory. It is bounded by the following lines : "Beginning on the west side of the Licking River, at the corporation line of the city of Zanesville, on what is the 'Military, or Base line,' thence west along said line one and one-half miles to the southeast corner of Hopewell township ; thence north along the line of said township to the southeasterly corner of Licking, and southwesterly corner of Muskingum townships; thence east along the south line of Muskingum township to the Muskingum river ; thence in a southerly direction along, and down, said river to the corporation line of the city of Zanesville ; thence west and south around the said corporation of Zanesville to the place of beginning."

The principal stream in the township is the Licking River, which passes through the south-

western portion, leaving an area of about one-third of its territory south and west of said river. There are several small streams in the township, which flow into the Licking River, viz. : Bartlett's Run, Devore's Run, and Timber Run. There are also a number of never failing springs, so that the region is well watered.

Topographically, this section is one of the most pleasing to the eye, in its varying landscapes, to be found in the county. The surface being generally undulating, even near the river, where the slopes are known as first and second bottom, and viewed as a whole, it is an inviting field to the agriculturalist. The soil, as in other regions similarly situated, is a sandy loam on the bottom lands, and a clay sub-soil on the uplands, and noted for its productiveness, inasmuch that it has been termed "the farmer's paradise."

The native trees, once dense forests, embraced white, red and black oaks ; chestnut, hickory, elm, ash, beech, sugar, maple, black and white walnut.

Mineralogically, this township compares favor- ably with many others of the county. Sand- tone, limestone and iron ore are found in many localities.

The first surveyors were Charles and John Roberts, who came to this township in 1868. It is probable that they ran most of the lines for the settlers in this township ; yet, as there is no record on this subject, we have only the tradition that they were here about the time stated.

The first brick made and burned in this township, was in 1808, by William Trago. His kiln was about two miles west of the city of Zanes- ville, near where Mr. A. M. Hollingsworth resides.

The first dam across the Muskingum River, at Zanesville, was built in 1809, and a short distance above the present dam, which was built by the State, in 1838.

George Jackson's Oil Mill, Saw Mill, and Flour Mill, were erected in 1809, :on the west side of the river.

James Taylor erected a forwarding and commission warehouse, a little way above these mills, on the same side of the river.

About the same time, Richard F'airlamb and Michael Dulty erected a large flouring mill on the west side of the Muskingum river, a short distance below the dam: The mill was subsequently purchased by John and Richard Drone. About the same time; also, Matthew Gillespie built a large mill for the manufacture of linseed oil ; this was located near where the west end of the railroad bridge new stands. This mill was subsequently used by R. N. and Daniel Dunlap, for the manufacture of broom handles and clothes pins.

The first physician was Dr. Isaac Helmick, who located in West Zanesville ; the time, and precise location, have not been found out. That any son of Esculapius should be doomed to the oblivion of such a mention as is here afforded by the barren record at our command, is suggestive, to say the least.

But they were sculptured, or carved in letters bold, with many a record of their deeds ; while now no scroll or tablet, nor humble shaft is found to speak of the deeds of sacrifice that blessed his fellow, nor memory of his worth.

Owing to the fact that West Zanesville formed a part of Falls township, mention of the laying. out of the village is here repeated. This was .done by John McIntire, A. D., 1809. He surveyed and platted certain squares, which were sub-divided into lots,. viz. : Beginning at the north end of the bridge, and running north along River street, numbers one to twenty inclusive, fronting on River street. This plat was never recorded.

The Western Addition, or Newtown, was laid out in 1852. A part of this tract was owned by John Lee, to-wit. : That part lying west of Blue avenue.

Terrace number one was laid out on a part of the McIntire land, in 1855, and terrace number two, on another portion of said land, in 1863.

The village was incorporated A. D:, 1869, and under this new state of things, Henry Peters was elected Mayor, and Imri Richards, Recorder.

The first distillery was built by James Tharp, in 1809 or 181o, about one mile west of Zanesville. James Fulton subsequently started a distillery, on what was known as the Snider Farm, near the county infirmary grounds. This was afterwards carried on by J. Belknap.

Anno Domini, 1810, Rev. James B. Finley, a Methodist minister on the Knox circuit, held his first appointment at Dillon's Falls, in the house of Henry Dick, who kept the tavern, then the only one in the place, and notwithstanding the assembly was rough by nature and habit, a class was organized, consisting of John and Jacob Hooper, J. Denlenhiffer, Mr. -- Cooper and wife, and Samuel Gasaway, the latter 4 colored man.

Rev. James B. Findley started a- subscription for a hewed log Meeting House, which was erected soon atter. Just before the house was erected, Bishop McKendree, passing by on his western tour, was asked to preach a dedication sermon on the foundation and the logs, which he did from the scripture, "And upon this rock I will build my church," Matt. XVI. 18. The house was built, and, after many ), ears of service,

Near about 1810, Rev. James B. Finley inaugurated a temperance society at the Furnace, at Dillon's Falls. He improvised a platform by mounting a salt kettle, and made such an earnest plea in behalf of temperance, that every one present took a pledge to keep liquor away from the furnace, and though no record of that event, or report of the conduct of those who took that pledge, is to be found, tradition has it that the pledge was faithfully kept.

About the year 1809, John Corbis, of West Zanesville, opened a house of entertainment ; his house, a small one, was built of hewed logs, and had a porch in front. The chief commendation " in favor of this tavern was good food and plenty of clean floor to sleep on." A year later, one Mr. Dick opened a tavern, the location of which is not known.

In 1816, John Lee opened a tavern at the Falls, and was very popular. The " landlord," as the tavern keeper was called, had the opportunity of being considered the oracle in state affairs, as he was, by virtue of his position, the associate and confident of the politicians, who, through him, canvassed the country and laid the political wires that often controlled the elections. Lee was a shrewed man and a general favorite.

George Jackson erected a flouring mill at the Falls of the Licking, in 1808 or 181o, on the east side of the river, just below Dillon's Furnace. It is said, that people came fifty and sixty miles to this mill, and sometimes had to wait 'several days for their grist.

The first burying ground was donated by John Dillon, Senior, in 1810. He gave an acre of ground, located not far from the mouth of Timber Run, about one mile west of the city of Zanesville. It is still used as a cemetery, and known as The Quaker Burying Ground." Among the first, perhaps the first, persons interred there, were William Tudor and family. This may, and may not, have been a branch of the Tudors of English renown. It may be that the last of the Tudors has passed away. They are gone, and

The first tannery was started near the Falls of the Licking river, by William English, in 1810. It is not known how long Mr. English conducted this business, or who, if any one, was his successor.

The first marriage in the precincts of what is now Falls township, took place in 1814. George Simpson and Rachel Tanner, were the contracting parties. We are not informed where the ceremony was solemnized, or who joined them in wedlock according to prescribed form, if any such functionary were present ; certain it is that " marriage is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled. Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder."

The first bridge was across the Licking river at the Falls, and was built by the Dillons, in the year 1820.

Hon. David Chambers was elected a Member of Congress in 1820; one term. And in 1851, was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, to which he was returned nine times. He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention, and the last.

General Edward Ball was elected member of Congress in 1853 ; re-elected in 1857 ; and in 1867, was elected a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, to which he was re-elected in 1869.

General Samuel Herrick owned and operated a salt well in 1823 ; it was situated in the northeast part of the township, on what is now known as the James Miller farm. The brine was reputed very good, but the works have long since been abandoned.

The first Sabbath School was organized in 1824, at the house of Henry Cook, who was the first Superintendent. There is a flourishing school at the " Union Reform Church," near the same place, of which Adam Drumm is Superintendent. The average attendance is thirty-six.

In 1828, there arose a dissension in the Methodist Episcopal Church, when those who held views essentially different from the Methodist Church withdrew from fellowship, and organized a new church, under the name given at the beginning of this article. The first church organized under this banner, in this township, was in 1835, at the house of John Tanner, where Rev. Joseph Thrapp and Rev. Cornelius Springer preached occasionally.

In 1856, this society built a church near the west line of the township, about midway between north and south. John Tanner and fam-

The National Road, or National Pike, from Washington City, D. C. to St. Louis, Missouri, through this township, was built in 1830. This is the only turnpike road in the township.

The school house on the Frazeyburg road, about one mile north of the line bounding Falls township, on the north, was the school to which pupils living in the northern part of Falls township had to go, in those days. It was a hewed log building, with long windows, rough furniture, planks fastened to the walls for desks, and but little improvement on those first in use in this section of country. The ground on which it was built was donated for the purpose by John Vandenbark, since deceased. The house was erected in 1840. The first teacher was one Gibson.

Religious services were held in this house soon after it was opened, and occasionally Rev. Joseph Thrapp preached there. He was a Method- ist Protestant. It does not appear that any religious society was organized there.

This society was organized in 1842. The church was erected soon after, and is situated on the road leading from Zanesville to Dresden, about five miles from the city.

The membership, at the time of organization, embraced Nathan Kelley and family, E. Wilkinson and family, S. M. Bell and family, Simeon Kelley and family and E. V. Walker.

The trustees are Nathan Kelley; E. Wilkinson, S. M. Bell, Simeon Kelley and F. N. Walker.

A handsome frame structure by this name was built on land donated for church purposes by C.

C. Goddard, of Zanesville. The site was deeded to William Camp and John Vandenbark, as Trustees. The society was organized in 1844 some of the members at that time were, William Camp and family, John Vandenbark and family, D. Edwards and family, J. Pake and family, and Mrs. J. Geyer and family.

The first regular minister was Rev. W. H. Marshall. The first class leaders were John Vandenbark, David Edwards and William Camp.

A Sabbath School was organized soon after the church was built ; at that time, there were thirty scholars. The Superintendent was John Vandenbark. The school now has an average attendance of one hundred. William Scales is the present Superintendent.

On what is known as the John Vandenbark farm, being in lot 4, in Bank Lots, on the eastern border of the township, there was found while plowing, in 1845, on a ridge, in three places, of about 30x40 feet each, beds of crockery ware. When turned up by a plow, the fragments, gen- erally two or three inches in diameter, gave evi- dence of having been shaped by man, but on ex- posure to the atmosphere, soon crumbled to dust. Oak trees, from two to three feet in diameter, had grown over this ridge, and evidently since the pottery fragments were placed there. An iron vessel, about five inches long and one and a quarter inches deep, was plowed up in one of these places. Potters clay is found near here and may have been worked.

The first and only Post Office established in the village of West Zanesville, was in 1851 ; Joseph S. Parke was the Postmaster.

The nursery business, in any region, is to the cultivation of fruits and flowers, what the breeding of fine stock is to the agriculturist—and more. It may be said that improved breeds of cattle, hogs, and sheep are powerful adjuvants to the physical well-being of mankind, and there is some truth in the assertion, when the form of the animal is considered as more pleasing to the eye. But this is only true in proportion as we are educated to see beauty in certain prescribed forms, whereas, we cannot fail to recognize beauty in every creature in the animal kingdom, when we have been educated to recognize the natural outlines, as well as other elements of beauty in them. It may be said that the fleece of sheep has been greatly improved by certain arts, and yet this is open to criticism. It may be said that, beyond all controversy, the fine blooded horse is the no- blest specimen of the equine race. Well, accepting the advantages, and that they have been brought about by skillful management, with equal truth it may be claimed that the fruits and flow- ers of every region have been improved, in qual- ity and quantity, by the same skillful manage- ment, and have vastly more enriched mankind in their effects on. his physical well-being, and are quite as profitable in a financial point of view. These considerations, then, justify giving place to the nursery business.

The inception of this nursery business, it may be, was forced by reason of the delicate health of its founder—S. Jacobs Moore. This state of health was engendered by uncongenial pursuits, which the outdoor and pleasing exercise of the horticultural business did much to restore. It is said that, shortly after coming to Zanesville, in 1856, he purchased an acre and a half of ground in "Mt. Auburn Addition to Zanesville," on the west side of the river, and moved himself and family there. Another acre and a half was soon added to the first, and the work of planting fruit and ornamental trees began. In the fall of 1865, his nephew, S. R. Moore, came, and another tract, containing eleven acres, partly covered with forest trees, was purchased, and, by the spring following, this ground was cleared and prepared

for nursery purposes, and during 1867-68-69, a small stock was growing. Some small fruits were set out. In the spring of 1866, a vineyard of an acre and a half was planted. In 1874, the crop gathered from this vineyard was equal to eight tons to the acre! This prosperity was arrested, however, by the grape rot, from which the vines in this region have not been entirely exempt any year since it made its appearance. The nursery stock, on the other hand, has been increased steadily. The soil and climate are manifestly favorable to the horticulturist.

S. Jacobs Moore continued to superintend the nursery business until near the time of his death, after which the business was conducted by S. R. Moore, until the fall of 1877, when he took control of Mt. Pleasant nursery, and Mrs. S. H. Moore took charge of Glen Moore nursery. In the spring of 1879, S. R. Moore relinquished Mt. Pleasant nursery, and joined Mrs. S. H. Moore in conducting Glen Moore nursery. In addition to fruit trees and flowers, shade and other ornamental trees have a conspicuous place in this industry. To such efforts as this, the county and surrounding region owes much for the opportunity of beautifying homes and cemeteries, and has derived a healthy stimulus in fruit culture.

This was regularly laid out and set apart for the purpose in 1871, and has since been decorated in a becoming manner, and well kept. It is situated on the north side of the National pike, about two miles west of the city of Zanesville. It is under the control of the following Board of Trustees,: Jacob Shonfield, Michael Shonfield, Wolf Dryfus, Henry Baer, and Rudolph Meyer.

The question of annexation to the city of Zanesville was brought before the people in 187o, and resulted in the election of several officers favorable to the consolidation, to wit : Mayor, C. W. Buckmaster ; Recorder, James Patrick, whose influence brought about a test, by a vote of the people, in October, of that year, when a majority of the votes cast were in favor of annexation.

The act of the city of Zanesville, concerning this matter, will be found in the recital concerning Zanesville.

The first Grange (Pataskala), was organized in 1871. The members were : William Townsend, S. M. Bell, J. P. McEwen, and three of the Vanderbarks, whose given names are not remembered. J. P. McEwen was the first Master. At the time of the organization, the meetings were held in the southeastern part of the township, but were subsequently moved across the township, near the northeastern part. S. M. Bell was then the Master.

Pleasant Valley Grange was organized in the southwest part of the township, in 1872. George Townsend, Oscar Tanner, H. L. Gray, Samuel Johnson, and George Kime were members, and James Tanner, Master. This Grange has ceased to exist.

Rich Valley Grange, No. 925.—This is an organization of the Patrons of Husbandry, which was consummated May 28th, 1874, in the vicinity of John M. Lane's, in Muskingum township. The first members were : John M. Lane, John Welsh, Lewis Lane, William Lane, Boggs McDowell, William Latham, Wesley Gorsuch, John Riley, and D. McGee. John M. Lane was the first Master.

Thomas Williams erected his pottery near the National pike, about five miles west of the city, in 1874, and still conducts the business. Another was erected about the same time, near the Falls of Licking. The capacity of these potteries, like about all others in this county, is 80,000 gallons of ware per annum.

This simple industry is, nevertheless, an important one, and has been carried on in this township, by numerous persons, under varying circumstances and degrees of success. In 1874, D. Hattan and Philip Mourin, (the latter having discovered limestone of the Newtonville strata, according to the State Geological Report), erected a lime kiln a little below the Falls of the Licking, on the east side, and continued to burn lime until the stone gave out, which was in the fall of 188o, when the business, of necessity, ceased. It is worthy of note, that Mr. Mourin devised this kiln as a continuous burner, with a capacity of one hundred bushels of lime per day. They sold all of their lime in Zanesville.

Iron ore was discovered by Philip Mourin, in the same locality, immediately above the limestone. The ore was of superior quality, about six inches thick. A large quantity was hauled to the iron furnace, at Zanesville, and manufactured there. The supply gave out in the fall of i880.

Immediately below the limestone, near Dillon's Falls, is this formation, ranging from four to ten feet in thickness, When quarried, it is soft and easily sawed into any desired shape, and, after exposure for a short time to the atmosphere, it becomes quite hard, and suitable for building purposes. The facility of quarrying and cutting into desired shapes, makes this a very desirable stone for ornamental work in buildings.

The first railroad passing through this township was the Central Ohio, from Columbus to Wheeling, now called the Baltimore and Ohio. There is a station at Dillon's Falls,

A section was obtained on Henry Flesher's place, showing Putnam Hill limestone, one foot six inches thick ; sandstone fifteen feet thick ; siderite ore, five inches thick ; also, six inches thick. The sandstone is unusually coarse for Waverly. Some loose fragments of conglomerate were seen on the surface of the ground near the horizon of Maxville limestone, but no conglomerate was found in place.

The following geological section was taken on Joe's Run, about half a mile north of the Central Ohio railroad bridge, across the Licking river :

Feet.

Inches.

Putnam Hill limestone

Clay and shale

Ore, limestone, sometimes siderite

Flint

Mostly sandy shale

Siderite ore

Flint and limestone, fossiliferous

Siderite ore

Dark shale

Feet

Inches.

10.

11.

12.

Simonite ore

Shale

Siderite ore

limestone, fossiliferous,

Sandy bituminous shale

Coal

Clay

CoaL

Clay

Coal

Clay

Sandy bituminous shale, with coal plants

THE BOUNDARY-PIONEERS-REVENGE UPON THE INDIANS-THE FIRST ORCHARDS- THE THEATRE OF THEIR ACTIONS-THE SOIL-THE FORESTS- TOWNSHIP ORGANIZED FIRST CHURCH-SABBATH SCHOOL IN EARLY TIMES-FIRST MILL- FIRST TANNERY-BAPTIST CHURCH-PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-THE FIRST SCHOOL PUNCH- -EONS - DISTINGUISHED MEN-BLACKSMITHS- FIRST DISTILLERY-SALT WORKS-FIRST HO- TEL-FIRST BRICK HOUSE-ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH-AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS- HOUSHOLD IMPLEMENTS- MILLING-IMPROVED STOCK-MILITARY RECORD-ROLL OF HONOR- RAILROAD.

This is the second township north of the city of Zanesville, west of the Muskingum river, being bounded on the east by that stream, north by Cass township, west by Licking township, and south by Falls township.

The first to explore its wilds, and make a home there, were : David Devore, James Beach, and James Black, in 1797. The former built his cabin on the east side of the township, near the river, but subsequently abandoned this site and located on the south half of section six, township two, range eight, near a small stream that has since been known as "Devore's run." James Black settled on the farm now owned by John Stitt. The only homestead chosen by James Black, accord- ing to tradition, was under his hat ! These were followed, in 1798, by John Bland, (whose son, Silas, was born while they were yet in camp, the same year), Elijah Stradley, and Ebenezer Ryan. The former settled on a part of section thirteen ; Mr. Stradley, on lot thirty-six, ( as now surveyed), and Ryan continued to roam. David Devore built the first hewed log house in the township, in 1798. The reaper, Death, came into the young settlement and took Timothy Prior, in 1799, the record of whose coming was, doubtless, buried with him, as it is not known. Jesse Dowell and James Devore passed over the river about the year 1800. They were buried on the Gardner farm, which spot became the first cemetery of the township. William Bland joined his brother John, in 1803. In 1808, Levi Cooper, George Welsh, Samuel McCann, and Joseph Spencer were add- ed to the community. McCann settled on sec- tion seven, Cooper on section thirteen, Welsh on the south half of section twenty-two, and Spencer on section five.

It will be seen by referring to the date of the acquisition of title to the lands from the Indians, that it had not been fully consummated ; that this region was a part of the domain of the Aborigines, and, as subsequent history shows, they were reluctant to quit this country for parts unknown to them. And with the displeasure at parting with their happy hunting grounds, came the pang of separating from the graves of their fathers. That the inducements to remain where valuable game for meat and skins was abundant, with the facility of carrying these commodities, by boat, to the traders' headquarters, at Marietta, or even beyond, was sufficient, in a commercial point of view, will be apparent to any one at all acquainted with the geography and early history of the country. And when the great confederation of Indian tribes is taken into account, we can but wonder that the red men submitted to the greatly inferior force of the white man. They did not make haste to depart, but lingered, thinking, and rightly, that the whites were getting so much the best of the bargain, that they were willing to ignore the stipulations of the treaty, and occasionally found pleasure in running off stock, and, upon slight provocation, killing men, and even women. They killed a young woman who was affianced to one Hughes. This very naturally, exasperated him, and he induced his friend Ratliff to join him in an oath of revenge. This was quickly put to the test by another overt act upon the part of the Indians, who stole horses from Hughes and Ratliff, one night in the month of April, 1800. Revenge on the Indians—any Indians—was the literal meaning of their vow. The

injured parties easily enlisted another man—John Bland--in their cause, which now included the recovery of their horses. Fortunately for any unoffending Indians that might have been in the neighborhood, sufficient snow had fallen to enable them to track the marauders, and they followed them into Knox county, thirty miles away, when, seeing there were only two, they cast lots to determine who should be the avengers of the outrage. The lot fell upon Hughes and Bland. The party crept stealthily nearer, to make assurance doubly sure. Hughes brought the first Indian to the dust, while. Bland's gun failed, and this gave the remaining Indian a chance to plead for his life, which he did, saying : "Ugh ! me bad Indian ; me do so no more !" With this confession and promise on his lips, Ratliff absolved him from further earthly trouble by sending a bullet through his heart.. The trio then secured their horses and returned home ; and such was the effect of this mode of dealing out justice that the red man began to forsake this region, and the pioneer pursued the ways of peaceful industry with but little molestation.

The first orchards were set out by Daniel Devore and William Bland, in the year 1800, and soon after, George Welsh planted an apple and peach orchard. These being the first orchards in this section, the fruit was in great demand by old and young, the latter sometimes appropriating a supply without consulting the owners thereof.

The first barn was built on the farm now owned by George Walsh, about the year 1810. Richard Owens did the carpenter work, and was probably the first carpenter in the township. Dutton Lane had a frame barn built on the farm now owned by Milo Miller—one Crowel was the carpenter.

Samuel Gest, John Dorsey, and Rev. Joseph Thrapp came in 1810. Dorsey settled upon the west part of section four ; Thrapp in the southwest corner of the township, upon the farm now owned by his son, J. E. Thrapp. In 1812, Henry J. Butler and Samuel Baxter arrived. The former settled on the west border of the township, just north of Thrapp, and the latter did not make a home of his own. John M. Lane, a blacksmith, from Baltimore county, Maryland, came in 1815 ; he opened a farm on section nineteen. Norman Gorsuch, from the same place, came soon after, with his family and household goods. They made the trip of three hundred and seventy-five miles in twenty-two days. He died at the age of sev- enty-three. His son, Joshua, now in his eighty-third year, lives on the farm opened by his father. The wife of Joshua was the daughter of Rev. Joseph Thrapp, (of the Methodist Episcopal church, who moved from Virginia to Licking county, and in 1810 settled upon the farm now owned by J. E. Thrapp.)

A Methodist camp meeting was held upon the farm of Rev. Joseph Thrapp, in 1815, and among the ministers present were — McKendree and Francis Asbury, afterwards so well known as Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. J. E. Thrapp thinks McKendree was then a Bishop. Many are said to have been converted at the meeting, among them was Samuel Hamilton, of Hopewell township, who became a minister, and continued to labor for the cause of Christ until disabled by age, and he died triumphantly in the faith he had preached.

The triumphs of these brave pioneers have not been sung, nor the tales of the hardships they endured been preserved, by faithful chronicler, but memory relumes with a hallowed fire as traditional accounts are told o'er and o'er at the fireside of their happy descendants ; and the incense of gratitude goes up from many a heart for the beauty and quiet of homes now the heritage of the dwellers in "old Muskingum," ever enhanced by the fruitful fields, the orchards of luscious fruits, and vine-clad hills, happy children, schools and churches, and we hear their song :

The Surface that constituted the theatre of their actions, is undulating, until you approach the eastern part, where it rises into headlands, near the river, sometimes rather abruptly. There are no large streams, yet the township is considered well watered. "Devore's run" rises in Cass township, and flows in a southeastern direction, through the western part of the township. There are, besides, a number of smaller streams and never-failing springs.

The soil is principally sandy loam, except in the most undulating portions, where clay subsoil predominates. The cereals, as well as vegeta- bles, do well in this township.

Forest trees of the white and black oak, hickory, ash, walnut, beech, elm and chestnut varieties, are found in many parts of the township.

Coal of good quality abounds in the eastern part of the township. Some iron ore has been found, but not demonstrated to be in paying quality or quantity.

The first road surveyed was the State Road, from Zanesville to Coshocton, about 1830. It passed through the eastern portion of the town- ship ; and from Zanesville to Newark—about the same time. The latter passes through the south- western portion of the township.

The territory embraced in this township was formerly joined with that of Falls, and was organized March 8th, 1808, and then included West Zanesville, under a new organization, June 7th, 1816. Muskingum township, as now bounded, was organized the 3d of September, 1817, and was a part of what had been West Zanes-

ville and Falls township, West Zanesville being divided between Falls and Muskingum townships.

The first election of township officers is said.to have been held at the house of Captain James Taylor, on the last Saturday of September, 1817. The first Justice of the Peace, elected at the same time, was Henry Butler. The names of the township officers do not appear on record, nor does tradition furnish them.

The first church (Methodist Episcopal) was organized by Rev. Joseph Thrapp and family, at his house, in the southwest corner of the township, in 1810. The society, at its inception, was composed of Rev. Joseph Thrapp and family, John Thrapp and family, Mr. Hickison and family, and Mr. Hall and family.. Their first preacher was Rev. James Qpinn. The society has continued through every adversity and flourished. They now worship at Sherrard Chapel, which is included in the circuit embracing Irville, Nashport, Hooper's Chapel, and Rich Valley. Each of these places is supplied by Rev. Leemaster, who preaches to each congregation every two weeks.

Archibald McCann was very devoted to the welfare of the young people of his neighborhood, and on Sabbath gave his whole time to teaching ; opening school in the morning, and continuing all day—in studying the Bible. Mr. McCann was drowned in the canal at Zanesville, on the night of March 29th, 1839. The drawbridge had been left open, and, the night being dark, he did not discover it, and, walking off, fell into the water.

The first mill was built by David Devore, on "Devore's run," in 1812. This was a crude affair ; after the wheat was ground, it was carried in sacks, upon men's shoulders, to the upper story of the mill, and 'there bolted by hand.

The first sawmill was built, by Rev. Joseph Thrapp, on his place, in the southwest corner of the township, in 1812. Elias Green had a sawmill, in 1825, on the same site where David Devore's mill stood in 1812.

One was built by Dutton Lane, on the Dresden road, in the eastern part of the township, in 1812, and another in 1817, by Firman Spencer, near the village of Spencer.

The Baptist Church, also called "the Baxter Church," was organized, and the house built, in 1813. The house is located on the farm now owned by John Welsh, which is the southwest quarter of section twenty-two, township two, range eight.

The first members were : Samuel Baxter and wife, John Dorsey and wife,. Samuel Gest and wife, Mrs. Eastenhauer, Mrs. Lane, and Mrs. Henry Butler.

The first pastor was Rev. Amos Mix. The term "Predestinarian Baptist" was sometimes applied to this congregation.

The cemetery grounds comprise three acres, and were used soon after the organization of the church. Three or four by the name of Lane, and five or six of the neighborhood, who died previous to this time, were buried on the farm now owned by Joshua Butler (northwest quarter of section twenty-two, township two, range eight), and their graves remain there to this day.

The Presbyterian Church, known also as the " Pierson Church," (situated about the center of the township, north and south, and about two and a half miles from the west line) was organized in 1814, and was first ministered to by Rev. James Culbertson, of Zanesville.

The site for this church and cemetery, containing about one acre, was donated by David Pierson and George Welsh, jointly. The first members were David Pierson and family, Joseph McDonald and family, and some named Welsh, but no record, has been found and we have to content ourselves with this tradition. A Sabbath School was organized here in 1849 ; the school has continued to this day and now has about forty scholars in attendance. The present Superintendent is Rev. Tenny, assisted by B. McDonald.

The first school was taught by one Shutliff, in " the Pierson School House," about the year of 1815. John Elliott, Sanford Raimy, Archibald McCann, and a Mr. Phelps, were among the teachers whose names are remembered, but dates and localities are wanting. Like many of their profession., they did not deem it necessary to leave any record of their doings, so that it is possible tradition may fail to 'do them justice by not weaving a chaplet for their brows.

The school house of " ye olden time " was not intended to be more comfortable than the dwelling, and it is altogether likely the scholars seldom came to any other conclusion. The furnishing had little to inspire the uncultured mind. What was obtained in this temple, was by the hardest, in its most literal sense.

Some distinguished men have begun their career in the humble schools of this township. Hon. C. S. Hamilton, Representative in Congress in 1867-68, from the district embracing

Union county, went from this township. His career was suddenly terminated by an insane son striking him on the head with a board, when he was on a visit home ; the son after killing his father attempted to kill other members of the family.

Dr. John Hamilton, a well known physician of Columbus, was once a pupil in the school house here described.

Rev. Israel and Joel Thrapp, well known ministers of the M. E. Church, were raised in this township and received their early training amid the puncheons above alluded to. Hon. Elias Ellis was a pupil in the Pierson School House ; his father came to this township in 1806, and at the time of his death, in August, 1833, lived in the town of Irville, Licking township. Elias Ellis, senior, came from Belmont county, Ohio, with his family, and household goods on pack horses. Elias, junior, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, July 11th, 1805, and was less than a year old when the family arrived here. He has been elected to the Legislature four times ; first in 1869, member of the Lower House, and reelected in 1871. In 1873 he was elected to the Upper House, and was one of the leading members of the Senate ; the district comprised the counties of Muskingum and Perry ; he was reelected in 1875.

John Lane worked at the forge, prior to 1815. " Beal " Owens opened his shop in 1815, and Otho Miller started his fire soon after. But where, deponent saith not.

The first distillery was built by Col. George Jackson, in 1818, near the Muskingum river ; we are not told whether this was illicit, or not, but its location is not known. In 1824 \ another of those obscure institutions was said to exist, and, Michael Hahn was credited with its management. David Piers on and James Welsh were said to be in the business in 1818, or 182o.

The first salt works were probably erected by Col. George Jackson, somewhere in the eastern part of the township, close to the Muskingum river, about 182o. Salt brought from three to four dollars per bushel, in those days.

The first hotel, tavern, or place of entertainment, for these terms were used interchangeably, was by David Devore, about 1810-12. This was also his home—constructed of hewed logs, small, but comfortable. Dutton Lane opened a tavern on the road leading from Zanesville to Coshocton, in 1820 ; his accommodations were also limited to one small room.

The first brick house was built by Firman Spencer in 1825, near the present village of Shannon, which was laid out on land owned by Mr. Spencer, in 1830.

The first store in the village of Shannon (the only one in the township) was kept by Robert

Welsh, in 1844. The medium exchange was silver coin and scrip. When change was scarce, the larger pieces of coin were cut to suit the demitind. Coffee sold at 5o to 62-i cents per pound ; tea at $2.00 ; calico at 37.1 to 5o cents per yard ; while wheat sold as low as twenty cents per bushel, and was a drug on the market at that, and the price was generally paid in trade.

This church had its inception in 1834, at the house of William Mattingly, the occasion being solemnized by the ceremony of " the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass," which was celebrated pretty regularly, monthly, thereafter, by the Dominican Fathers of Zanesville, up to the year 1855. In 1856, the present beautiful brick edifice, 70x35, was built, on the northwest corner of John Mattingly's farm, being lot fourteen, Mr. Mattingly having donated one acre of ground for the church and cemetery. Francis Mattingly generously furnished the church. The congregation was then ministered to by Rev. F. Breeder, from Newark, Ohio, until 1869, and since that time by Rev. J. M. Jaouett, Of Coshocton.

William Mattingly died April 7th, 1857, aged 74 years, and was the first person buried in the cemetery attached to this church.

Agricultural implements, in an early day, were of the most primitive kind. The plows had wooden mould boards, with shear and coulter, made by "the village blacksmith," and the plowman had to carry a paddle to clean the plow, as it did not scour. And although this was a great improvement on the Egyptian plow—which was not a plow, but a sort of prong of iron, adjusted to an imitation of the stock of the present plow—but much rougher and heavier, and propelled by a woman and an ox, yoked together, with a man ( ?) at the handle, yet, when the patent plow, with cast iron mould board, was introduced, in 1825, and the inevitable paddle was thrown away, man and beast made light of that which had been drudgery, and Mother Earth seemed delighted to roll over. And when the tree top and wooden toothed harrow were superseded by the iron tooth harrow, "the soil pulverized at the very touch," as it were. And when iron prongs were substituted for wooden hay forks, "the song of the hay-maker" was heard in the land. Then, too, the brawny blacksmith, with sturdy stroke, made his anvil ring merry music as he pounded the-hoe and mattock into shape, and the bewildered bystanders shouted as this son of Vulcan made the fire fly.

The household implements were not such a relief to the drudgery of the inmates, however. Spinning wheel and loom, with their whirring and clicking, were the nearest approach to musical instruments that the fair dames possessed.

urchins—with birch bark, with the stick in it, but the hides suitable for leather, was an indispensable practice, that almost assumed the dignity of an art.

Shoemaking was practiced, with due regard to the comfort, at least, of both sexes.

Milling, or converting maize and other grain suitable for bread into flour, was an occupation which any member of the family large enough to wield,,the pounder, was liable to perform. The pestle, or pounder, when designed for a large grist, was poised by the sweep, permitting a heavy weight to be used in the performance, and then the mill was located out of doors. The bolting, or sifting, was generally done by the maids, sometimes by the boys.

James Still introduced the first Short Horned, or Durham, cattle, in 1839. He took great pains with his stock, and has been well repaid for his outlay and trouble. He was followed, very shortly after, in the same pursuit, by James McCammon, whose Durham's have attracted special attention.

The improved horses were brought from Mary- land and Virginia, at an early day. They were valued for their fitness for all work.

In 1830, Isaac Dillon, then a resident of Falls township, introduced what is described as "a very fine and profitable breed of sheep." The next step in this direction was by a gentleman from Pennsylvania, who introduced some French Merinos ; and the next sheep introduced were the Spanish Merinos, by an unknown gentleman. Among the early purchasers and successful growers of sheep. were Joshua Gorsuch, John M. Lane, Colonel E. Ellis, several of the Welsh family, Bland's, and John McDonald.

The first imported hogs were introduced in 1829, by Joshua Gorsuch. This breed was known as the Bedford. The next variety was the China, then the Poland, the Suffolk, the Chester White, and lastly, the Berkshire. Varied degrees of success have attended the growers, but result in the aggregate has been very satisfactory, and as many others have engaged in this business, it is safe to consider it profitable in this township.

Revolutionary Soldiers.—The regiment and company unknown ; traditional authority, to-wit : Thomas Dowel, David Devore, William Blunt, William Bell and John Culling.

The following were "known to have been out in the war of 1812 :" Moses Welsh, Enos Devore, Wm. Bland (Captain), Thomas Bland, Jacob Lane, James Blunt, John Cullins, John Thrapp and Noah Matthews.

Light Infantry.—A regiment was organized, under the State law, in 1833. The officers were as follows :

William B. Cassady, of Zanesville, Colonel ; Elias Ellis, of this township, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Harris, Major ; Thomas Maxfield of Norwich, ---- Culbertson of Zanesville, David

Harris of Wayne township, and W. D. German of Hopewell township, are known to have been Captains.

Artillery.—An artillery company was formed in 1830. Elias Ellis was chosen Captain, and John M. Lane Lieutenant.

Cavalry.—About 1830, a company of cavalry was formed, of which William Ellis was Captain. The other officers and members are not remem1bered by the gentlemen who furnished this statement; and it will be well enough to state here, that they—Francis Mattingly, Elias Ellis, James E. Thrapp and Charles Gorsuch—four of the oldest, best informed, and best preserved citizens of this township, were at. great pains to furnish correct information for the history of this township, and have certified the data herein as the most complete and correct that can now be furnished. And while the absence of dates and specific location of some events is to be regretted, it is yet a matter of congratulation that they have been able to do so well from memory, having nothing else to guide them. And thanks are due to Jqhua. Gorsuch and wife, , and John M. Lane, for valuable information.

During the early part, of the war of the rebellion, fifty of the members of this cavalry company volunteered, and twenty were drafted. One of the former, Joseph T. Gorsuch, was a commissioned officer.

John Knapp, Robert Hunter, Dwight Ross, Levi Hunter, James Alexander, Chas. W. Butler, John A. Ryan, James McClary, John Butler, Chas. W. Flemming, James Flemming, Lemuel Gardner, Cornelius Murphy, William Mupulman, Henry L. Park, Cornelius Brown, Robert Smith,. William Spencer, William McGee, John Fletcher, William Bailey, William James, Parish Gardner, Jacob Campbell, John McClarey, James Henderson, Cornelius Austin, George Perry, David McGee, Marshall Spencer, Samuel Harden, George B. Wright, Wm. H. James, Jesse B. Conn, Win. H. Wadden, Wm. Bonner, W. H. Pansler, Curtis Campbell, Melvin Clark, George Fletcher, Aaron Riley, James Matthews, Robert Welsh, Henry Fletcher, James Sweney, James Quigley, George Quigley; and of the drafted men, only two are remembered—James E. Thrapp and S. W. Reamy.

Under the State law of Ohio, in 1863, militia were enrolled, and performed military duty. Archibald McDonald and William Tatham, of this township, were Captains in the Second Muskingum county regiment. Charles Gorsuch was First Sergeant in one of them.

The last record of historic value for this township that is included in the data, gleaned and certified to be true, is

The Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley railway, commonly called the C. & M. V. R. R., traverses a part of the eastern and northeastern border of the township. Ellis Station, the only one in the township, was located in 1870. The Postoffice was opened at this station about the same time.

GEOGRAPHY-PIONEER HISTORY-INDEPENDENCE DAY, A. D . I 800-UNIONTOWN SCHOOL ORGANIZED-FIRST COMMON SCHOOL-ELECTION DAY -TOWNSHIP ORGANIZED-NO RECORD-FIRST TAVERN-FIRST ROAD-FIRST HEWED LOG HOUSE-FIRST GRIST MILL-FIRST SAW MILL -WHISKY MILLS-FIRST TANNERY-OLD TIME VISITS-FIRST BIRTHS-SALT WELL-UNION- TOWN-FIRST STORE AND TAVERN-UNIONTOWN DIRECTORY-WOOLEN MILLS-FIRS POTTERY-GOSHEN M. E . CHURCH-THE BELL CHURCH-M. E. CHURCH, UNIONTOWN-FIRST CEMETERY- LENHART'S SAW MILL--UNIONTOWN BAPTIST CHURCH-THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT UNIONTOWN - RAILROAD -.TELEGRAPH - DUNKARD CHURCH- METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH-INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS- MUSKINGUM LODGE OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS-FULTONHAM ACADEMY-GEOLOGY.

In general terms, this township is said to be in the southwest corner of Muskingum County. Its boundaries are as follows : On the north, by Springfield and a part of Hopewell townships ; on the east, by Brush Creek and a small portion of Springfield townships ; on the west, by Perry County.

The soil is generally fertile, and the region well watered. Jonathan's Creek is the principal stream, traversing the territory in a zig-zag course from the east, down below and up through the center, and out at the northeast corner, fertilizing and draining, with its south fork, a large area of the township ; to these add the net-work of tributaries—Buckeye Fork, Kent's Run, Thompson's Run, One Mile, Two Mile, Three Mile,and numerous other smaller tributaries, and it is found to be one of the best watered townships in the county.

The clay of this township has become noted for its excellence in pottery, and many are engaged in that industry.

The pioneer history is somewhat remarkable. This locality was a favorite resort of the Shawanese Indians, game and fish being abundant. The first record of actual settlement’s that Jacob Smith entered the west half of section twenty-three, town fifteen, range fourteen, in 1797. He came from Bucks County, via Louden County, Virginia, and settled upon this land in 1802 ; his cabin was subsequently described as being one mile southwest of "Andrew Dugan's store ; ' his son John, now in his eightieth year of age, lives on the old home place.

Andrew Crooks, born in Berkley County, Virginia, in 1750, and Mary, his wife, of the same place, born in 1757, came to this region and settled on a part of section six, near the site now occupied by Newtonville, in the year 1800. His son George, now eighty-seven years old, lives on the "old home place. The same year, came also John Axline, from Bucks County, Pa., and settled on the southeast quarter of section thirty-four. George Crooks, John Smith and John Axline, are the three oldest of the pioneers now living.

In view of the few settlers mentioned, it would certainly excite the curiosity of the reader to be told that the anniversary of the Nation's birthday was celebrated in Newton township at this early period ; and yet such is the narrative detailed by "the oldest inhabitants" of to-day ; and they add, "the celebration was in A grove, east of the place now known as Newtonville, on "the Nolan farm," where William Rankin now resides. There is a beautiful grove, and "ye hardy pioneers" from the region round about, assembled and rejoiced, singing :

The orator of the day, was Andrew J, Copland, of Zanesville. The Declaration of Independence was read by Joseph Monroe, a relative of James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States. Everybody celebrated. There was a

"feast of reason and a flow of soul," and it is said that many were almost too full for utterance. Those days of lang syne are cherished, with many a fond recollection, by George Crooks, John Axline, John Smith, and Mrs. E. Counce, the only known survivors.

In the fall of the year 1800, Andrew Crooks gave the use of a lot of ground on his place for a school house, and William McElree, a Scotch- man of rare practical sense, and thorough education, consented to become the teacher. This was a condescension, in view of the primitive state of architecture, and furnishing ; but then he was there as an adventurer, seeking his fortune, and accepted the situation ; and now, having entered upon the subject of schools, for convenience, we shall narrate what has been given to us on this matter, at this time. "The school house up Buckeye," was built in 1800, and called by some, "the Springer School House," because it was built on Jacob Springer's place—the same now owned by S. D. Springer, south of Union- town. Timothy Wheeler was the first teacher, and was succeeded by Thomas H. Dalson. About this time, there was a school house on the Abbott place, half a mile east of the site now oc- cupied by Newtonville. Mrs. Rankin remembers attending this school, which was taught by John Matthews. When the creek was up, they had to cross on logs ; at other times she rode on horseback, with a little sister in her lap and another on behind.

Daniel Poe taught school in "the old log cabin," on the Rankin place, in 1810. The following persons are remembered as a part o£ "the class of 1820" : Noah Tanner, James D. Walpole, Luke Walpole, and Mary Walpole.

The Lamb School House, a neat and substantial structure, was built near where the Crook's School House stood, and so named in honor of its principal patron. This institution of learning, in turn, gave way for the Walpole School House, on the old Athens road, about four miles east of Roseville. Contemporary with this school, was that on " the Maysville Pike," about one mile west of Newtonville, taught by George Spencer, deceased. Jonathan Hatcher, Jonas Burton, and Mrs. Eliza Rankin, attended this school.

The first common school was opened in Uniontown, in 1848, and flourished until 1852, and was under the supervision of the Rev. William M. Ferguson, President of the School Board. The schools prior to this date, were known as subscription schools. With the inauguration of the free, or common school system, pay schools disappeared almost entirely. For our account of the common schools, the reader is referred to the annual report of the Superintendent of common schools of Muskingum County.

Jacob Baker, Benjamin Croy, Daniel Horn and Peter Fauley settled in this township about

In 1802, Dr. Kent came and located near where Newtonville is now ; he was a squatter ;

Kent's Run was named by him. What became of him, is not now known ; it is presumed he did not follow his profession, as Dr. Mathews, of Putnam, generally practiced here.

ELECTION DAY.—The first regular election, in Newton Township, was held at the house of William Fellows, west of Newtonville, in the designation of to-day. William Lawrence was the acting constable, and Jacob Crooks became the first Justice of the Peace. No record of these events has been found in the records in Zanesville, or in the township. Tradition further says, Isaac Carter was a Justice of the Peace in an early day, and William Anderson was elected a Justice of the Peace in 1823, and continued to serve in that capacity, about twenty years.

The township was organized, in the spring of 1802. Benjamin Redman, John Beckwith and Andrew Crooks were the first township Trustees, and Isaac Carter was the first clerk.

The first election after organization, was held in the house of Alexander Nolan, situated southeast of the site since occupied by Newtonville. Alexander Nolan was the first Justice of the Peace, and William McElree the first constable.

There is no record of the organization of this township, or of the election, spoken of here, to be found in the County Commissioner's Journal. The earliest record of any kind by that body, was dated March 2d, 1807.

The present Trustees of Newton township, are Andrew Dugan, Marcellus Prince and Isaac Kraft.

THE FIRST TAVERN.—The public spirit of Andrew Crooks, induced him to extend his hospitality to the wayfarer, and his house became known as " Crook's Tavern, " as early as 1804. Six men and two women were present at " the raising" of this house, viz. : Henry Crooks, David Olive, Joseph Carpenter, Isaac Martifi. Solomon Hodge, John Mathias, Peggy Carpenter and Mary Crooks. The accommodations of " the tavern," were plain and substantial. The floor furnished the bedstead, and wild beasts their skins for covering. The food was always palatable and plenty. A traveler who sojourned with Mr. Crooks, was so favorably impressed, that he resolved to make his home at a neighborly distance, and thus the name of Chauncey Ford was added to the list of pioneers ; he located near Roseville, in 1804 ; his daughter-in-law, Mrs. J. I. Ford, informs the writer that there were no houses between there and Putnam, and that George Crooks cut a road from Powell's Mill to where he lived. Mr. Crooks continued to keep this tavern for nearly half a century ; he died in 1849, aged seventy-one.

The first store in the township was kept by Isaac James, on Jonathan's Creek ; date not known.

The first road was 'cut in 1805, from Putnam to intersect the Zane Trace in Perry County, and passed through the township diagonally from the northeast corner to the southwest corner, or nearly so. George M. Crooks remembers that

Dr. Increase Mathews laid out the road from Putnam to the bridge over Jonathan's creek, and that his father cut the road from Putnam to Perry county ; that the Indians used the Zane trail, which is a little south of this ; that the majority of the red skins had gone in 1800, taking the direction of Sandusky, and that those remaining, were Shawanese, and presumed they all were. And that the Indians were friendly. If any of the "pale faces" were sick, the red man would go into the woods and gather herbs and roots for medicine for them, and always took a portion themselves before giving any to their white neighbor, to show that it was not poisonous. Nor did they stop here, for they shared their game with the whites. Andrew Crooks was a hunter, and had hunters hired, and this, perhaps, had its influence, as it is common for men who follow the chase, to fraternize in this way. George Crooks remembers that game was so abundant that wild turkeys were killed with stones, it being deemed a waste of ammunition to shoot them.

When Andrew Crooks came to Zanesville, there was but one house at Cambridge and one near Lancaster, and they were the homes of his nearest neighbors. His daughter, Nancy Crooks, was the first white girl that came to Zanesville. He remembers that his uncle Henry had his wife with him, and that they had no children. And when his mother came to Newton township, she had not seen the face of a white woman for nine months. And that his parents came to this region on horseback, camping at night, and turning their horses loose after billing them. His uncle Henry went west, while Jacob was sheriff, (1808-12). He remembers that William McCullock, who married the half-breed daughter of Isaac Zane, was killed during the war of 1812, "out west." And that there were no settlers here when Andrew Crooks came to Newton, ie., those who were here did not mean to stay, and called themselves squatters. Joseph Carpenter and Mathew Gillespie were of this class, and they moved off as the country settled. George M. Crooks was born May 9th, 1795, and was three years old when his parents arrived at Zanesville. Lewis Nye built the first hewed log house in this section, about 1809, on ground now a part of Newtonville. He cleared the first field and planted corn on section nine, in 1894, now the G. W. Rankin estate. Mrs. Eliza Rankin, consort of G. W. Rankin, de- ceased, whose maiden name was Nye, says her father and David Olive bought the half section that Jennings had entered, but could not pay for in the time allotted by the Government. David Olive died from the bite of a rattlesnake, the same year, (1804), and he had a coffin, a very unusual thing in this region in those days ; people being buried, nearly always, in elm bark, lined with grass, and the ends stuffed with moss. This was the case with a man named Davis, and another, and a woman named Palmer, and three children, who came over the Falls in a canoe and were drowned, and were buried in elm bark slips.

The first grist and saw mill in this region was probably built by Moses Plummer, and was situated on Jonathan's creek, near the site more recently occupied by Crook's bridge, about one mile east of the site now Union Town. During 1807, James Jeffries had a mill, perhaps on the site now occupied by the C. & M. V. Railway station. A third mill was built about the same place in 1808, by Isaac and Caleb Jones. In 1812, the Crook's Mill was built, and the first Post Office in the township was kept there by Jacob Crooks, the proprietor. In 1818, Jacob Smith employed John Herrington to put up a saw mill for him, on the site occupied by the Jeffries mill. This mill was leased to John Smith, in 1826, and it, too, was burned. Moses, Caleb, and Isaac Jones built a mill on the creek where Powell lives, about the year 1840.

The large and flourishing mill of Wells brothers, is on the site formerly occupied by the Crook's bridge.

During 1812, Jacob Funk, the blacksmith, opened his shop on a part of the site that became the nucleus of Union Town. He was a skilled workman, and made,swords for the soldiery of "the war of 1812 ;" also made dies for printing scrip, a kind of money in common use in those days, and corresponding to the " shin-plasters " of later times. During this year also, another son of Vulcan set up his anvil in the new settlement, and Jacob Funk had a rival in William Bash. These worthies rang out their anvils in chorus, early and late, and forged for the denizens of the distant forests, as well as the villages. Thomas Brown started his fire in 1838. Gabriel Keys, a pioneer blacksmith in Newtonville, is regarded a good workman, in spite of his weight of years.

The whiskey mills were an institution second only in importance to the flour mill, in the estimation of "ye pioneer." John Leonard and Anthony Mauk are said to have been the first in this region to engage in the manufacture of whiskey. Jacob Crooks had a " distillery " near Union Town in 1815 ; J. M. Adams was his "First Lieutenant." John Watermire had a " worm " on his place about the same time.

There is no account of any revenue derived from this business, and it is probable they paid no tax. On dit,.that whiskey was purer and cheaper then than now.

The first tannery was built by Benjamin Redman, who came in 1810. It was located just west of the bridge over Jonathan's creek.

John Hendricks established his tanyard on Jonathan's creek, near Uniontown, "in an early day." His son. Thomas A., became Governor of Indiana.

In this, as in every abode of men, there were shadows, as well as sunshine ; and it seems trite to say more than that there never was an Eden "old Time" did not enter with his scythe, even

among the fairest flowers, and so it came to pass that the necessity was felt that a regular cemetery be set apart. It was located on Benjamin Croy's place, on Buckeye.

The first person buried there, was Peter Fauley, in May, 1815 ; the second interment was Peter Crooks, in June, of the same year.

The first births in Newton township, were, a son to Joseph Carpenter, in 1804, and one to John Crooks, March 3oth, 18o6.

Porter & Hook opened a store near Crook's bridge, in 1813 or 1814. G. W. Rankin started a store, on the Rankin place, in 1838. This was the first store in Newtonville.

The first salt well was bored by Mr. S. Lenhart, in 1815, a little south of the site now occupied by Uniontown, and demonstrated that salt could not be made there in paying quantities.

Uniontown was laid out by John Porter and Henry Hummell, in 1815. The first store, and tavern, were kept by John Porter. Several houses had been built on the site, before the vil- lage was laid out.

Societies—Independent Order of Odd Fellows ; Muskingum Lodge, No. 368, F. and A. M. The Zanesville "Express," of September 23d, 1818, contains the following advertisement :

"The subscriber informs the public that his clothiers' works are in operation, on Jonathan's creek, being the works formerly owned by John Harrington, and now by John Slack—about four miles from Zanesville.

"He will receive cloth at the houses of Andrew Crooks, Jacob Crooks, David Tipton, Levi Chapman, and at my house, in Putnam, to which places the cloth will be returned, when dressed ; having such a stock of dye-stuff, and workmen who so well understand the business, as to be able to form every color desired.

Newtonville is situated near the site of the old log school-house. The limits have since been extended so as to take that site in, and it is now occupied by a neat, frame, school building.

The first store kept in this town, was by A. Weller & Co., about 1852. This site is now occupied by the general store, and postoffice, kept by Andrew Wilson Dugan, who, for the last ten years, has met the wants of the community, in merchandise, and, as Postmaster, has become so favorably known.

Mr. A. Keyes, the venerable blacksmith, came here and built his fire, some thirty years ago, and is now assisted by his son, who is also Township Clerk.

J. C. Gillespie, a native of this township, has lived about sixty years amid the scenes of his childhood, esteemed by all who know him. James Llewellyn, his cotemporary, shares the confidence of the people with him.

The Methodist Episcopal Church is ably supplied by Rev. A. Rickets, and, attached to the church, is a flourishing Sunday School.

William Rankin and his wife, Mary Elizabeth, parents of George Rankin, of Newtonville, came from Ireland, and settled near the town of later period, in 1820. That they were lured to come by the glowing descriptions of their American Paradise, is not improbable, as perhaps no region in Southeastern Ohio was more beautiful ; and to this he added the enthusiastic admiration for American freedom which thrills, especially, those who have once known the absence of it in their natal home. But it is more likely that their affection for their children, whom they followed to this country, dominated every other sentiment. And this whole-heartedness soon made him popular in his new home, where, in 1830, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and filled that office several terms. He died in 1848, at the advanced age of eighty. His widow and sons, Grafton and Charles, moved to Barnesville, where she died.

The first pottery, for stone-ware, was started in 1814, by Jacob Rosier, on a place now owned by -- Rankin. The next was started by A. Ensminger, about 1828. In 1874, Harrison Suttle started a pottery in Newtonville, running three wheels.

The pottery of Joseph Rambo is situated in the extreme northwest corner of Newton township, near Gratiot road, and was built in 1863, at an expense of about four hundred dollars, including the shop and kiln. Mr. Rambo has had to employ an average of three hands, including himself. The average number of gallons of pottery made, per year, has been about forty thousand, worth, in the market, from three and one-half to eight cents per gallon. The kinds of ware made consist of jugs, jars, pans, and churns, and they are remarkable for durability, neatness of pattern, and finish.

The clay will also make a superior fire-brick. Mr. Rambo has some in his grate that has stood well for ten years.

The Goshen Methodist Episcopal. Church was organized in 1830, by Rev. John Goshen, assisted by Rev. Morris Chandler. Among the members were Amos Reese, Nehemiah Bell, John Hoover, L. Adamson, B. Dezelem, John Rose, Jacob Mauk, Edward Rose, Jonas Burton, Mrs. Vicars, Mrs. Lydia Stokely, and Susan Warner.

The society erected a hewed log house of worship in 1835, thirty-five by forty feet, on Mt. Goshen, five miles east of Roseville, on the Athens road.

The following is as nearly as correct list of those who have served this church in the ministry as memory will afford :

From the date of organization up to the time of the formation of " The Bell Church " on Brush. Creek, in 1848, and the church at Roseville in 1846, the Goshen Church prospered, but soon after theSe subtractions it began to wane, and in 1852 the conference decided to disband the society,' and it was merged into other churches.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Uniontown was organized about 1830, by the Rev's. Samuel Hamilton and James Gilruth. Among the members at this time were Henry Roberts, Isaiah Gardner, John Bowers, Jonathan Hatcher, Judge John McElhaney, and their families.

They worshiped from house to house, and in school houses, until 1840, when they erected a commodious frame structure—rather hastily— just after a camp meeting, which stood until another more substantial and suitable was built, in 1875; and recently they have built a new church, with a cupola and bell.

Rev's. I. Longman and M. V. B. Bing were associate pastors in 1848, and Rev. James Jamison the Presiding Elder. The present preacher in charge is Rev.B. F. Thomas. The membership is about eighty. There has always been a Sunday School connected with the church.

The first cemetery in Uniontown was formally set apart for the purpose in 1830 ; and the first person buried there was Thomas Hardy, May 19, 1835.

Andrew Dugan started his tannery in 1835, and is still in the business. And during this year Caleb Hitchcock started his store ; it was where John Ungemach lives.

Stofel Lenhart started a saw mill, a little southwest of Newtonville, in 1835. The mill was owned by Alfred Mathews in 1860 ; he then sold it, moved to Putnam and died, the same year.

The Uniontown Baptist Church was organized July 2, 1842, by Rev. Levi Sigfred. The Deacons elected at that time were Benjamin Moore and William Moore. The membership numbered eighteen. The trustees were Ezra Madden, E. B. Lake and Benjamin Moore. Rev. W. Daniels is the present pastor, and Ezra Madden and K. W. Moore are the Deacons. The present number of communicants is about fifty. They have a neat frame church, thirty-five by forty-five, thirteen feet high, with cupola fifty feet high, from the ground, and a good bell. The trustees are at present E. B. Lake, Emmanuel Bough and W. Moore.

The Presbyterian Church of Uniontown was organized, by Rev. H. C. McBride, November 28, 1848, with about twenty-eight members. Samuel Milhouse and John Reed were chosen Ruling Elders, and John Smoch was elected Deacon. Rev. H. C. McBride solicited and obtained about six hundred dollars, (traversing parts of six counties), to purchase a lot and erect a church in Uniontown, which was accomplished within a year from the date of organization. About this time, Rev. Wm. Ferguson came to the church, and a neat little house of worship (35x45) was erected under his superintendence. Rev. M. A. Beamer is the present Pastor. Wm. Carter and J. Wilkins are the Elders, and D. Hugins and James Slach are the Deacons. The membership numbers forty seven.

This township was united with the world at large, by the advent of the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley Railroad, which, passing through, opened its station in 1853, and with " the rest of mankind," the following year, by telegraph, introduced by that company.

The Dunkards built a church on Mount Goshen, four miles east of Roseville, in 1860. John Roberts was a zealous member of that denomination, and preached at his own house a long time before the church was built. Elijah Horn, John Stoneburner, old Mrs. Horn, John Roberts and wife, and Manley Roberts, were among the early members.

John Roberts died from injuries received by his horses running away, while he was hauling lumber.

The Dunkard Church was built by subscription in the community, and was to be free for all Christian Denominations, when not used by the Dunkards ; this condition was set forth in the subscription paper ; but as Mr. Roberts died before the meeting house was completed, and it was finished by Elijah Horn, this provision was ignored, Mr. Horn refusing to permit other denominations to use it, and it is now a solitary monument of the existence of that peculiar people.

The Methodist Protestant Church was organized in 1865, by Rev. John Burns, in the Powell School House, with the following members : Jeremiah Springer and wife, Josephus Powell and wife, Mrs. Mary Hall, Charlotte Hall, and others whose names are not remembered at this time, and as no record was made of the event we are constrained to this meagerness, for want of sufficient witnessing in other details. The society erected a neat frame house of worship, thirty- five by forty-five feet, having a cupola with bell in it ; the church was located in the beautiful grove near Powell's mill, on the Roseville road.

A Lodge was instituted in Fultonham, in 1855, with the following charter members : P. H. Grimsley, Isaac Wilson, John Smith, S. K. Ream, J. Danisom, Jerry Zeigler, W. Williams, Jeremiah Burgess, G. W. Smitley, T. R. Wilson. Noble Grand, P. H. Grimsley ; Vice Grand, Isaac Wilson ; Secretary, John Smith ; Treasurer, S. K. Ream ; R. S. N. G., J. Danisom L. S. N. G., Jerry Zeigler ; R. S. V. G., W. Williams; L. S. V. G., Jeremiah Burgess ;

The present officers are as follows : N. G., John Sagle ; V. G., A. R. Keys ; R. S., Joseph Rose ; P. S., A. E. Henderson ; Treasurer, Wm. Huggens.

The number of Past Grands in attendance is twenty-five, viz : John Watkins, E. Van Atta,

J. Smitley, J. Zeigler, A. E. Henderson, Jose- phus Powell, Edmund Rudolph, John Dollins, Joseph Llewellyn, J. H. Crooks, James Barnet, Isaac Barnet, O. H. Norman, H. C. McLain, J. H. Beachem, W. Curry, Washington Day, G. W. McLain, F. M. Frederick, S. B. Axline, G. A. Hays, Frank Stires, D. J. Johnson, R. B. Jones, W. J. Roberts. The membership now numbers 85.

The first officers of Muskingum Lodge, No. 368, working under Dispensation, June 15th, A. L., 5866, A. D. 1866, were as follows :

George Brunner, W. M. ; W. C. Lenhart, S. W. ; David Crossan, J. W. ; J. Ziegler, Treasurer ; George W. Fauley, Secretary ; A. C. Brechbill, S. D. ; Wm. Sniff, J. D. ; H. A. Stanton, Tiler.

John Crooks, C. P. Ensminger, G. J. Keyes, Noah Moore, Joseph Rambo, E. Vanatta.

The first officers of Muskingum Lodge, No. 368, after receiving the Charter, October, 16th, A. L., 5866, A. D., 1866, were as follows :

W. C. Lenhart, W. M. ; A. C. Brechbill, S. W. ; G. J. Keyes, J. W. ; J. Ziegler, Treasurer ; Geeorge W. Fauley, Secretary ; Wm. Sniff, S. D. ; David Crossan, J. D. ; H. A. Stanton, Tiler.

George Brunner, W. H. Bugh, John Crooks, S. Chilcote, J. H. Cunningham, C. P. Ensminger, Noah Moore, Joseph Rambo, E. Vanatta.

A. C. Brechbill, W. M. ; W. H. Bugh, S. W. ; Benjamin J. Dugan, J. W. ; A. Carter, W. R. ; C. H. H. Panmore, Treasurer ; J. B. Carson, Secretary.

The organization is under many obligations to S. Stacker Williams, of Newark, Ohio, whom it looks to as the father of the institution. The membership now numbers forty-five.

This Academy was chartered in 1889, as "The Fultonham Academy," with the following Board of Incorporation :

Rev. B. F. Thomas, President of Board ; George Axline, Treasurer ; Dr. E. Van Atta, Vice President ; W. H. Bugh, Chas. E. Weller, George W. Fauley, James Cusac ; D. W. Parks, Principal and Secretary.

This school originated in 1870, under the Special School District Board ; Dr. E. Van Atta, Dr. O. M. Norman and Jeremiah Zeigler, Esq. : with A. W. Search, teacher in the Public School.

The building is of brick, two stories and a basement, 4ox6o feet, and has one acre of ground in the enclosure. The total cost was $1o,000. The outlay for apparatus, $509 ; for library, $750.

Teachers.—The Academy will be under the immediate charge of the Principal, Prof. D. W. Parks, a graduate of the Classical Course of Ohio University, late Principal of Madison Academy, formerly Principal of Fostoria Normal School, and such assistant teachers as may be necessary to meet the wants of the Academy.

Books.—All books used in the Academy may be obtained there at reasonable rates.

Boarding.—Boarding in private families, or in clubs, can be obtained on the most reasonable terms.

Location.—The institution is located at Fultonham, now known as Uniontown, Muskingum county, Ohio, on the Zanesville and Maysville Pike, nine miles southwest of Zanesville. Daily mail and hack connect Fultonham with Zanesville and Somerset, from which points any part of the State may be easily reached by rail. Roseville Station, on the C. & M. V. Railway, is within five miles. The institution is thus of easy access, and at the same time free from the influences usually surrounding railroad towns.

The Chief Geologist, Prof. J. S. Newbery, reporting progress in the survey in 1869, notes as follows

"At Gladstone's Mill, near Newtonville, we find a limestone in the bed of the North Fork of Jonathan's creek, which is believed to be the same as the Maxville limestone. The bottom of the stone was not seen, but a well dug in the village passed through fifteen feet of limestone. The upper layer shows a chocolate tint. It is reported that this limestone is seen for five miles, in Jonathan's creek, above Newtonville, and disappears one mile below. On Kent's run, which joins the North Fork of Jonathan's creek at Newtonville, it is said to be seen for nine miles. About fifty feet above the limestone at Gladstone's Mill, was found a stratum of sandstone fifteen inches thick, on which are very fine im- pressions of marine plants, Spirophvton Caudigalli, etc., etc., and mingled with these were well defined stigmarice of the coal measures plants. They had been all drifted together and embedded in sand.

"The upper limestone, "(Putnam Hill") was also seen in its proper place, higher up the hill, with the usual coaly matter under it.

"A section of the rocks, near Cusac's Mill, on Jonathan's creek, showed an unusually bluish, and fine grained sandstone, about thirty feet below the limestone, believed to be the Putnam Hill limestone. It has been much quarried and used, although it has not always weathered well. As a general thing, the shales largely prevailed, and it is in consequence of this fact that we so often find that where the streams have, in their work of erosion, succeeded in cutting down through the Putnam Hill limestone, they have, in all cases where the fall makes it possible, scored their way through the shales to the top of the Maxville, or Newtonville limestone. This is very well seen in the neighborhood of Newtonville. On John Lyle's land, section fourteen, the lower seam, three feet ten inches thick, is extensively mined. There is a layer of nodular iron ore a few feet below the upper coal, which we will notice hereafter. The iron ores, so far as they have been examined, are of the siderite (proto carbonate of iron) class, the exterior surfaces which have been exposed to atmospheric agencies only being changed to the sesqui oxide of iron.

" The carbonic acid might, in some cases, have originated in marine vegetation, which, in the form of facoids, of the type of spirophyton cauda galli, was abundant at certain periods during the formation of this lower coal measure group. There is a tendency to the formation of flint, in connection with the layers of iron ore, found about thirty feet below the Putnam Hill limestone. This stratum is far below the flint, or buhr, of Flint Ridge.

"At the mines of the Miami Company, the upper seam measures four feet, and the other, which is twenty-two feet below, measures three feet ten inches. The coal is largely used.

"It is almost impossible to make a section of the lower strata of the productive coal measures, at any place, in the field included in this report, without disclosing more or less iron ore. There are a few distinct and well defined horizons in which the ore is almost always seen. On the top of the Maxville limestone, iron ore was seen at several points. On section fourteen, on the farm of Joseph Rambo, nodules of iron ore were found resting upon the great Maxville, or Newtonville, limestone. No analysis was made of this, but probably it is an excellent ore.

"At nearly the same geological horizon, on the land of Mr. Rambo, are two small layers of siderite ore, separated by one foot seven inches of light blue clay-shale, the lower two inches, and the upper three or four inches thick.

On the land of John Lyle, section fourteen, a layer of nodules of iron ore, three inches thick, was found, resting upon a stratum of calcareous feriferous flint, which, in turn, rests upon, or rather, is cemented to a seam, fifteen inches thick, of blue limestone, under which are three inches of coal. The surface of the flint stratum is covered with impressions of the marine plant, stirophyton cauda galli, allied species. Fifteen feet above is a thin layer of sandstone, with the same vegetable impressions upon it."

In the Report for 1873, by E. B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist in charge of the survey for the Second District, which embraces Muskingum county, reference is made to the Report for 1869, and the following is added :

"The limestone in the bed of Jonathan's creek, the equivalent of the Maxville limestone, and the best representative in the State of the lower carboniferous limestone of Illinois and Missouri, is a deposit of very great scientific interest. This formation extends several miles above Newtonville, on all the leading branches of the creek. In places, the upper layers are buff colored, and an analysis of the sample taken near J. Roberts', section fourteen, showed the presence of considerable magnesia. I copy the analysis, by Prof. Wormley, from former Report :

"Probably the whiter and purer portions of the stone contain little else than carbonate of lime. Experiments should be tried with the buff stone, to determine the value of its lime for hydraulic purposes.

"The fossiliferous limestone, eighty feet above the limestone in the bed of the creek, is not the Putnam Hill limestone ; the latter is seventy-two feet higher. Sixty-three feet above this is the lower New Lexington coal, mined at the Miami Company's mines, in section twenty-eight. The upper New Lexington seam, the equivalent of the Straitsville, or Nelsonville seam, is also mined at the same mines. The seams are twenty-two-feet apart.. The lower one is three feet ten inches thick, and the upper one four feet. The coal is generally of excellent quality. I have no doubt that there are in this township workable seams of good iron ore. Such ores are found north and east, and will be found here, when careful search is made."

THE FIRST SETTLER-PIONEERS-BLACKSMITH - FIRST TAVERN-FIRST STORE-SCHOOLS-FIRST FRAME HOUSE-FIRST BRICK HOUSE - FIRST ROAD-DAM ACROSS THE MUSKINGUM AT TAYLORSVILLE-GRIST MILL-FERRY - MANUFACTURE OF SALT-TOPOGRAPHY-SOIL-GEOLOGY -UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH-TAYLORSVILLE M. E. CHURCH - TAYLORSVILLE - ST. ANNA'S (CATHOLIC) CHURCH-ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIP-TAYLORSVILLE CANAL-THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH-BLUE ROCK M.E. CHURCH -TAYLORSVILLE LODGE, NO. 534, I. 0. 0. F.- TAYLORSVILLE BRIDGE-ST. JOHN'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH-MILITARY RECORD.

be certainly stated, but in 1798, a family named Bean, inhabited a large sycamore tree, that stood near the mouth of Back run. Other families came soon after, among whom were the Larrisons, Farleys, and Cobbs. These were followed by Nathaniel Ayers, Samuel McBride, James Hemmet, Henry Ballou, James Neff, and Thomas Winn. In 18o4,George Dutro lived on section seventeen ; Jacob Baker came about this time. John W. Baer was probably the first blacksmith in this town- ship. William B. Rose had a shop on Duncan's run, in 1827, and afterwards on "the island," where he smithed for James Taylor during the erection of the mills. He was killed during the fall of 1835, by Robert Annan. James Curran lived in a small frame house situated on what is now lot twenty-five, square twenty-nine, Taylorsville, and kept tavern in 1830. The first store in Harrison township was kept by Gearing Scarvell, who commenced in a small way, about 1833, and gradually increased until he was the owner of a fine store, and is still doing business in Taylorsville.. The first regular cemetery was established in Taylorsville in 1833.

Prior to the adoption of the common school law in Ohio, schools were taught in private houses, or in houses erected by a neighborhood for their individual advantage, shared, by agreement, by their neighbors, who shared the expense. The first public school-house, of which any authentic account is preseryed, was a two-story frame, erect- ed on the public square, in Taylorsville, in 1834. The teacher was Robert Sheppard.

The first physician was one Bixby, who was Succeeded by "a regular," in the person of Dr. Noah Z. Mercer. After Mercer, came Drs. Mason, Clapp, Ballou, Wilkins, Huff, McCormick, Terran, Atwell, Howard, Groves, Suters, Milligan, Blackburn, Lyons, Ulrich, Henry, Dorr, Richie, and Evans. .

The first frame house was erected by James Taylor, in 1830 ; the first brick house by Amos F. Whissen, in TaylOrsville, in 1836. The first regular survey of a road was made from Taylorsville to Brush creek. The viewers were, David Butt, John Oakes, and Gearing Scarvell. James Taylor built a dam across the Muskingum river, at Duncan's' Falls, and a saw mill on the west side of the river, in 1829. The next year he built a grist mill at the same place. The dam was replaced by Colonel James Sharp, under a contract with the State, in 1837-38, ( at the time the navigation of the Muskingum river was improved). The grist mill, after passing through several hands, and being moved nearer the shore,. became the property of Messrs. W. & W. H. Frazier. It contains four run of buhrs, and is doing a fair business. Mr. Taylor also kept a ferry, and engaged in the manufacture of salt, and a number Of other enterprises.

Topographically, Harrison township is broken and rough. The highest elevations contain most of the limestone. , The lowlands are deemed as productive as any lands similarly situated ; some of the finest farms in the county are found here. The township is well watered. Sycamore run, Duncan's run, Back run, and Blue Rock run, all of which rise in Brush Creek township, flow eastwardly through Harrison township, and empty into the Muskingum river. Coal is tolerably abundant, but mined with difficulty,, on account of "horsebacks" and "shut-outs" Occurring in the seams, and which are sometimes very difficult to pass through or around, and then there is no certainty of finding coal beyond them.

The following exhibit is from the report made by the State Geologist upon a section at Taylorsville

Feet.

Inches

10.

11.

12.

13.

Sandstone, quarried

Not well exposed

Shale

Coal, Alexander seam

Clay

Sandstone

Shale, sandy

Light, bluish sandstone, quarried

Shale, blue and sandy

Coal

Clay

Coal

Clay

At the point where the section was made, the Alexander coal was unusually thin. It is reported to be thicker on the east side of the Muskingum river.

The lower coal in this section, which is the equivalent of the upper New Lexington, or Straitsville coal, is worked for neighborhood use.

In section nineteen, Harrison township. at Blue Rock, but not Blue Rock township, the following section was made :

Feet.

Inches

Sandstone

Shale

Coal

Shale

Coal, Alexander seam, 3 feet 6 inches to

The lower Alexander coal has been extensively mined at this point, and shipped on the Muskingum river to supply the demand of the salt furnaces, and the towns on the river below. It was at this point that the roof of an entry fell in, imprisoning four miners, who were rescued alive after an imprisonment of over thirteen days, during which time they had nothing to eat, except the dinner carried in for the first day.—{Geolog- ical Report, 1873 ; Volume I., page 332-3. E. B. Andrews.]

In the year 1816, Jacob and Nathaniel Ayers bored the first well for salt ; it was located on Section to, Town 11, and Range 13, on the west bank of the river, just above the mouth of Sycamore Run, and was sunk to a depth of four hundred and eighty-two feet. Subsequently an-

other well was sunk about four hundred feet distant, and the two wells supplied the furnace ; i.e., the evaporating works ; but owing to the primitive style of the machinery employed, were not very productive.

In the course of time, these wells became the property of John Stevens, and were known as the “Stevens Salt Works." The success of these works, however, is due to Jacob Neff, who re-bored the old well to a depth of five hundred and three feet, improved the machinery, and rebuilt the furnace.

The works are now operated by Mr. Neff, and produce about one hundred barrels of excellent salt per week.

STEPHEN GUTHRIE'S SALT WORKS—The wells at these works are respectively four hundred and eighty-eight, and four hundred and ninety-five feet deep, and are situated just below the mouth of Sycamore Run.

The first well here was sunk by Stephen Guthrie, for James Taylor, and the second, by Charles Lucas, for Stephen Guthrie.

The works are now operated by William Edgely, and produce about one hundred barrels of salt per week, with a consumption of one thousand bushels of coal.

OTHER WELLS—About the year 1830, Michael Waxler bored a well for Moses Ayers, on the northwest quarter of Section 8, now owned by Henry Krigbaum. This well was sunk five hundred feet deep, and was operated by Mr. Ayers for a few years, and then abandoned.

About the same time, Nehemiah Dillon sunk a well on Section 32, near where Samuel Swingle now lives, to a depth of four hundred and fifty feet. This was called a "blowing" well, from its periodical emissions of water and gas. How long it was operated is not now known. There was also a well just below the last mentioned, called the "west well."

W. B. Culbertson bored a couple of wells above this, on Section 30, and Nathaniel Ayers one on Section 17, now the Patterson property.

Besides these, other wells, "too numerous to mention," were sunk, few of which were productive, and none of which are now in operation.

The first evangelist of this denomination, was Rev. John Russell, who preached to "a handful of the saints," in the humble dwelling of Jacob Baker. He organized a class at this time, but we are unable to give the names of those who there assembled, and cannot say, with certainty, what year they met, but tradition asserts that it was about the year 1820. The seed sown must have fallen on good ground, for the same authority declares that, about the year 1822, the Rev. -- Harding came, and preached three years, in the same house ; and in 1825, this house was deemed too small, and they moved to the Duncan school-house, and were ministered to by "old Father Hastings" for two years. In 1830, they were served by Elder Case and others, until, in 1852, they built a hewed log house, on the premises of Robert Prescott. This house was built during the administration of Rev. David Shrader, and its dimensions were twenty-five by thirty feet. The Trustees were : Shrader, Whitaker, Stockdale, and Levi Marcellus.

The society numbered eight or ten members— Jacob Baker and wife, Stockdale and wife, Prescott and wife, and perhaps several more. They worshiped in this house until June, 1876, when, under the second administration of the Rev. Samuel Whitmore, William Aichle, "Pal" Baker, and Jacob Eppley, Sr., were constituted a Board of Trustees, and, in the town of Taylorsville, Muskingum county, Ohio, a house, thirty by forty, was erected, and dedicated on Sabbath, the 27th of August, 1876, by Rev. William Fisher. That year, the Conference sent Reverends S. F. Altman and Daniel Folk, who took charge of the congregation. The following year, G. W. Dearer ministered to them, and was succeeded by J. W. Cummings, now in his second year. The membership now numbers one hundred and four, and has a good Sunday School. We are indebted to J. W. Cummings for the foregoing data.

In the year 1830, Rev. Mr. Goff organized a class, at James Hammet's, on Duncan's run, which was subsequently changed to Taylorsville. The members of the first class were : James Hammet and wife, Peter Sheppard and wife, James Seright and wife, Daniel Dutro and wife, James Neff and wife, Silas White and wife, Robert Sheppard and wife, Robert Prescott, Sr., and wife, Sanford Burdott and wife, Lucy Baker, Jacob Baker, and Rhoda Hammet. The class-leader was James Hammet.

For several years the meetings were held in such buildings as could be procured, until 1840, when a meeting-house was erected on lots six and seven, block thirty-six. This was a frame building, forty by fifty, and was dedicated by Rev. Joseph Trimble. The present number of members is one hundred and twenty. Leaders—David W. Seright and Aquilla Neff; Steward—E. Jasper Souders.

A Sabbath School, of ninety scholars, is connected with this church ; E. J. Souders, Superintendent.

Taylorsville, the only village in the bounds of Harrison township, was laid out by James Taylor, in 1833, and received its name from that gentleman. Gearing Scarvell was the surveyor, and one of the first occupants, having resided on the premises before the town was laid out. He kept the first store ; James Curran, the first hotel ; William B. Rose, the first blacksmith shop ; Humphrey Blake, the first shoe shop, and James McBride, the first cabinet shop.

The town, at present, contains four churches, three schools, four stores, five groceries, one tavern, one grist-mill, two saloons, two blacksmith shops, two tin shops, two shoe shops, one wagon

The postoffice was established here in 1850 ; Dr. Ferran, Postmaster. The present officials are as follows :

Councilmen—Henry Moore, Frederick Young, John Barringer, Hiram Dickas, David Sullivan, and Adam Kline.

Taylorsville is situated on the west bank of the Muskingum river, and occupies a gravelly bluff, ninety feet in height. It extends down the river three-fourths of a mile, and one-half mile back from the canal. The location is a beautiful and healthy one. To procure water, wells have to be sunk to a depth of eighty feet, but, when reached, it is of excellent quality.

Taylorsville was, for a long time, a "mission," supplied from Zanesville. In the year 1836, a church was erected, on lot eight, of block twenty-nine—a frame structure, twenty-five by forty. Anthon Eberst was the contractor, and the building cost one thousand dollars. It was dedicated by Bishop Purcell.

The maximum number of members is one hundred and fifty ; present number, seventy-five. Present pastor—Father Magnus Eppinck.

Harrison township was organized December 20th, 1839, as the following extract from the Journal of the County Commissioners will show :

"A petition was presented by John Hammond, signed by a majority of the householders residing within the boundaries of the proposed new township, and the Commissioners, being satisfied that the necessary notice of such intended application had been given by advertisement, as required by law, proceeded to take the matter into consideration.

"The petition set forth that they labor under many difficulties and disadvantages, in consequence of the distance and other difficulties they encounter, in going to and from elections ; and also praying that a new township may be set off of parts of Blue Rock, Brush Creek, and Salt Creek townships ; and the Commissioners, believing it necessary for the convenience of the inhabitants and township officers, do hereby order a new township to be set off, according to the following boundaries, to wit :

"Beginning at the southwest corner of section number fourteen, in the original surveyed township number ten, in range number thirteen, and running thence north to the center of the Muskingum river ; thence following down the center of said river according to the meanderings thereof, to the line which divides the counties of Muskingum and Morgan, thence west on said line to the place of beginning—all in the Congress district of lands, which shall constitute a new township, to be called Harrison township.

"Also ordered by the Commissioners that an election he held at the house of P. Burkhalter, in Taylorsville, on the 20tb inst, (being December 20th, 1839,) between the hours of eight and ten A.M., and close at four P.M., to elect township officers, according to law.

The new township, thus formed, comprised that portion of Blue Rock township lying west of the Muskingum river in range twelve, one row of sections from the eastern part of Brush Creek township in range thirteen, and one section of Salt Creek township lying west of the river.

The records of the township are lost, and no account of the first Board of officers can now be given. The first Justices of the Peace, however, were J. W. Whisson and William Price. Solomon Groves and Henry Ballou were also early dispensers of justice.

The present Board of officers is as follows : Justices of the Peace—Peter Krier and Martin Durant.

Board of Education—Hiram Price, Christian Dreier, Joseph Daw and John McHenry.

The township contains seven schools and six churches, three of the former and four of the latter being within the limits of the borough of Taylorsville.

This canal is a part of the system of "improve- ments in the navigation of the Muskingum." It is one mile long, and was built by the State. Lyons, Buck and Wolf, were the contractors. Christley Wolf superintended the work, which was finished in 1840.

Rev. Nathaniel Linder, in 1842, preached in the woods, where Hiram Price now lives, on the bank of the Muskingum, and organized a class of fifteen or twenty members, amongst whom were Robert Welch and wife, also two daughters, Peter Mohler and family, James Morrison and wife, Mrs. David Young, Isaiah Dinnis and wife, Joseph Fish and Robert Twyman.

In 1843, Rev's. J. Huntsman and James Winn, inaugurated a revival, when the membership was augmented to one hundred and twelve, and a

meeting house built near the centre of section thirty, on the land of Mathias Young, 24x28, which stood till 1869, when a new frame building, 34x38, was erected, at a cost of $1,100.

This church was dedicated in May, 1870, by Rev's. J. C. Ogle and George H. Hissey.

The present pastor is Rev. William Sears. Class Leaders—Hiram Price and F. A. Riley.

The first class of this church was formed by Rev. Samuel Hamilton, with Joseph Kirk as leader. Other members were, John Hammond and wife, Frederick Barringer and wife, John White and wife, James Shaner and wife, John W. Bear and wife, and Susan Adams.

The first meeting house was of hewed logs, 20x25, and was erected on section eleven, be- tween the forks of Blue Rock creek.

The second church building, a frame, 26x30, was erected near the same place, in 1852.

The maximum membership attained was seventy-five. The present membership does not exceed forty.

This Lodge was instituted July 3oth, 1872, by Henry Lindenberg, Special Deputy Grand Master, with fourteen charter members, as follows

Basil Kraig, Oliver Demster, John Mason, Joseph Baughman, Warren Pitts, Sidney Wagstaff, William Lucas, Peter Hoppstatter, Phillip Schaus, James S. Kraig, Zach. Riley, Jacob Hall, Peter Mast and Robert Longley.

N. G., Basil Kraig ; V. G., Oliver Demster ; Recording Secretary, J. S. Kraig ; Permanent Secretary, J. R. Peach ; Treasurer, Peter Mast.

When this Lodge was instituted, it met in a hall leased of Mrs. Dr. Stout, for a term of five years. Before the expiration of this lease, a new hall was built, and dedicated July 4th, 1877. Cost of hall and fixtures $950.

The maximum number of members is seventy-four. The present number of members is seventy.

N. G., Christian Dreier ; V. G., Marion Erwine ; Recording Secretary, John Barber ; Permanent Secretary, John W. Tignor ; Treasurer, E. Jasper Souders.

This very necessary public improvement was projected by Mr. Gearing Scarvell, in 1873, and was intended to be built by subscription, but as this would have necessitated making it a toll bridge, the County Commissioners were finally induced to assume the responsibility of making a county bridge, and the work was com- menced July 1, 1874. T. B. Townsend had the contract for the stone work, which was finished in the latter part of September of the same year.

The contract for the super-structure was awarded to the "Smith Bridge Company," of Toledo, Ohio, who completed the entire structure about the middle of November, 1874. This bridge is seven hundred and ninety-eight feet long, and sixteen feet wide, supported by four piers, each thirty-three feet high ; the whole, costing, when finished, twenty-eight thousand dollars.

This church was organized April ii, 1878, by Rev. Andrew Birch, with a membership of fifty. A

lot was purchased in Taylorsville, in October, 1878, and a foundation laid for a church building. The next spring the corner-stone of a building thirty-six by fifty feet, was laid, a frame church erected, and dedicated September 28, 1879. The dedication sermon was preached in German, by Rev. H. Cramer, of Zanesville, and in English, by Prof. M. Loy. The cost of the building was $1,000. Present number of members, sixty.

Second Regiment O. V. I.—Jackson Nichols, Isaiah Poland, John Bowman, James H. Shep- pard, David E. Sheppard, John Lawson, Daniel Brown, Lewis Young, George Sullivan, Noah Kincade, John Brown, Henry Sullivan, Josiah Thompson, Rufus Toll, Lewis Toll, Captain H. Lee Anderson, John Berkermer, David Lawson, Christian Hock, Martin W. Sullivan, George Wolfe, Wesley Miller, George Rush.

Third Regiment O. V. I.—John W. Tigner, Jacob Shryder, Caleb Nicholas, John Reed.

Twenty-fourth Regiment O. V. I.—George B. Howard, James Sullivan, Mountz Nichols, Robt. Longley, Jacob Longley, George Longley, William Hapton, JohnRiddle, Thomas Lear, James Savage, George Arndt.

Seventy-eighth Regiment O. V. I.—W. H. Sullivan, John W. Garrett, David F. Sullivan, Sullivan L. Bailey, John Kinney.

One Hundred and Twenty-second O. V. I.— John Hussmaul, George Dennick, Wm. Aichle, Jacob Urban, Frederick Young, John A. Good, David Hopslatter, Jerome Romine, Harry D. Thompson, Rufus G. Mason, Joseph Longley, George Andrews, John Andrews, Charles Kincade, James Luman, Jos. Frost, Alfred Kincade, John E. Arndt, Joseph Baughman, Hiram Baughman, Jeremiah Sheppard, Stephen Harrope, Calvin Thompson, Robert Lawson,Albert Moore, William H. Sheppard, Robert Hambler, William Hambler.

Second West Virginia Cavalry.--Jonathad Hall, Isaiah Hall, Calvin Bartlett, Alfred Anderson.

Ninety-seventh Regiment 0. V. I.—Caleb Monroe, George W. Olden, William D. Weaver, Charles Sailers, Morrison, Asbury Luman, Henry Romine, James Hankison, Joseph Emenhoser.

United States Gunboat Service.—Lewis H. Cockrel, Phillip Dennick, Noah M. Kincade, George W. Seright, Robert Prescott.

One Hundred Days Service.—Peter Krier, William Riley, Aquilla Neff, Stephen Neff.

DISTINGUISHED PIONEERS-CHARACTER OF THE REGION FOR FARMING- SAGACITY OF MR. JONATHAN CASS-HIS DISTINGUISHED SONS-BRYANT, STILWELL, SETH ADAMS AND OTHER NOTABLES - THE FIRST BIRTH-THE WATER COURSES-EARLIEST ELECTION-FIRST MILLSTAVERNS-SALT-COAL- DISTILLERS - PHYSICIANS--BLACKSMITHS-CEMETERIES-CANAL - BONDS-DIVISION OF TOWNSHIP-CASS TOWNSHIP OFFICERS-DRESDEN-DRESDEN MAYORS- POST OFFICE-FIRST HOUSES-FIRST STORES-- DRESDEN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH- DRESDEN PRESBYTERIAN S. S.-MASONIC - FRIENDSHIP LODGE, F. AND A. M.-SCHOOLS-BOARD OF EDUCATION-M. E. CHURCH-DRESDEN M. E. SUNDAY SCHOOL-ZION EPISCOPAL CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL-DRESDEN BAPTIST CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL-CATHOLIC CHURCH- GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH-ODD FELLOWS - TELEGRAPH-BANKS-GERMAN M. E. CHURCH- CHRISTIAN CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL - MILLS--SCHOOLS-LIBERTY CHAPEL- [CHRISTIAN CHURCH]-" HOPPER'S GROVE " M E. CHURCH - PHYSICIANS - DISTILLERY - ORCHARDS-FIRST BRICK HOUSE-STORES - TAVERNS-POST OFFICE - RAILROADS - DRESDEN JUNCTION-TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.

The settlement of this region, by reason of the subsequent exaltation of some of the pioneers and their descendents, presents more than ordinary claims to historic interest, as will be seen by the list. Seth Adams and Major 'Jonathan Cass came here in 1799. The latter located forty land warrants for one hundred acres each, making four thousand acres. This fact would be quite sufficient if we had no other, to establish the claim made to superior soil and adaptation to farming purposes in general, when we admit, as we must, the sagacity of Mr. Cass. In 1801 , he brought his family here, and on this land lived until August 4, 1830, when he died, aged 77 years, and was buried there. He had three sons : Lewis, George W., and Charles L. Lewis became a historic character, whose fame went beyond the domains of America ; was Governor of the territory of Michigan, and filled with distinction other important offices, civil and military. George lived quietly on the original Cass farm, never taking an active part in other than local politics, although frequently solicited to fill State offices. He died in August, 1873, aged 88. He was the father of Dr. Edward Cass, of Dresden. Charles L. served with distinction in the war of 1812. The citizens of Zanesville presented him with a magnificent sword for his gallantry at the battle of Fort Erie. He was the father of Mrs. Mary E. Adams, now living in Dresden. He died in 1842, and was buried in the family burying ground, on the old Cass farm. In 1875, the remains of Major Jonathan Cass were removed to the Dresden cemetery, by Dr. Edward Cass, and over the remains of the family in their final resting place has been erected a magnificent mounhment, by the Cass family. Beneath the name of Jonathan Cass is this inscription : " He was a soldier at the battle of Bunker Hill ; an officer of the Revolution, and of the army, which, under General Wayne, gave peace to the frontier. From New England, he emigrated to this part of the wilds of the Northwestern Territory. On the military land he purchased, he lived a peaceful and quiet life thirty years, until death claimed him for a victim."

Isaac Cordray and his son George came soon after. Mordecai Ogle came in 1802, and settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. Mary E. Cox, about half a mile northeast of the village of Dresden. George Dowell came early in 1804. His daughter, Mrs. Mary Ogle, was living in the township in 188o, in her 78th year.

Joseph Bryant came in 1818 ; Daniel Stilwell about the same time ; Simeon and Leonard Wilson came in 182o. Mr. Seth Adams is credited by tradition with bringing the first blooded sheep into the United States, into Ohio, and into this section of the country. They were full blooded Merinos. He is also credited with planting the first tomatoes, having received the seed from New Orleans.

The first birth in this region is not definitely determined, but is supposed to have been the child that was called B. F. Lemert, who in process of time came to be the popular Dr. B. F. Lemert. Topographically, the townships compare favorably with any other portions of the county. The soil on the uplands is limestone clay, and in the lowlands a sandy loam. The forests are not extensive, nor of many varieties.- The principal kinds of trees being white oak, hickory, black walnut and poplar, cherry and sycamore.

The Muskingum River, on the eastern border, receives the Wakatomaka, the mouth of which is at the northeastern boundary of Dresden ;

this stream courses from its entrance into the township of Cass, on the central western boundary, northward and then southeast, and re- ceives " Paddy's Fork," and several smaller and nameless tributaries.

The most noted mound in the township is half a mile east of the road between Dresden Junction and Dresden, on land belonging to G. W. Adams. It is probably an Indian mound, but has not been explored.

The earliest record of the election of township officers that we have found is as follows :

"Agreeable to an election held at the house of Henry Northrup, on the first Monday in April, 1805, for the purpose of electing town officers for the township of Jefferson, there were elected the following persons :

At this time, John Cain was Township Clerk, and not being elected at this election, it is reasonable to conclude that there was an election, perhaps more than one, prior to this one. The following persons have served as Township Clerk :

John Cain, 1805 ; Henry Northrup, Silas Smith, James W. Wood, Joseph W. Pigman, each one year, in the order named ; Littleton Adams, 1815-17 ; George Beard 1818-23 ; H. F. Hogan, David Witt, Abraham H. Wood, A. M. Lewis, Samuel Adams, D. C. Bruce, Martin Hill, each one year ; M. A. Webster, 1840-I C. F. Currier, 1842-4 ; D. R. Noble, 045-6 ; W. B. Abbott, 1847-50 ; A. Slaughter, 1851-65 L. J. Lemert, to 1859 ; Thos. B. Cresap, J. J. Martin, G. P. Kittand, George Eagan, 1863 ; John H. Ash, 1866-70 ; E. J. Rambo, 1871-3 ; L. J. Lemert, 1874-6 ; J. C. Adams and W. E. Smith, 1880.

Justices of the Peace—February f5th, 1806, Isaac Cordray was elected a Justice of the Peace, to till the vacancy caused by the death of Seth Carhart ; April 1st, 1809, Joseph Scott was elected Justice of the Peace, without opposition.

Wyllys Silliman, (son-in-law of Major Jona- than Cass,) had a saw-mill and grist-mill in operation on Wakatomaka creek, near the pres- sent railroad bridge, before 1806. The dam belonging to this mill was washed away in 1832, and never rebuilt.

John Cordray opened tavern in a log cabin, on the site now occupied by the Akeroyd House, before 1818. Abraham Smith kept this institu- tion a few years later. Mr. Smith also taught school. .

Wyllys Silliman was engaged in the manufacture of salt at an early day. His works were at his mill, the description and location of which is found elsewhere.

Coal was mined in small quantities previous to 1865, but the mines have since been abandoned.

Joseph Munroe was engaged in the manufac- ture of whiskey, prior to 1819. His still was on the Munroe farm, four miles up the Muskingum river from Dresden. Laban Lemert had a distillery, probably in 1822. Henry and Benjamin Roop, of Buffalo, New York, were extensive distillers in 1833. At the present time, this business is entirely discontinued in this township.

Benjamin Webb engaged in the practice of medicine before 1819. His son, Nathan, succeeded him in the business. In 1823-4, Francis Fowler, the second physician, came into the township.

As a rule, this industry was inaugurated at the inception of the settlement ; however, we have no record concerning any smithy, until 1820, when Otho Miller came and opened his shop, about half a mile south of Dresden.

The first public cemetery was located east of the canal, near where it is now crossed by a bridge, as you pass east from Dresden. When the canal was built, the bodies buried here were removed to the Dresden cemetery.

The present Dresden cemetery was laid out in 1829, and is owned by the village of Dresden. It contains twelve acres, and is beautifully laid out..

In this township, work was begun upon the main line of the Ohio Canal in 1822, and completed in 1829. The Dresden side-cut, through Dresden, was ready for use in 1831.

At a special election, held April 1^st, 1852, it was voted by the tax payers, to issue to the Steubenville & Indiana Railway Company, (now the Pan Handle Railway,) township bonds to the amount of $100,000; to aid in the construction of this road. These bonds were to bear 'seven percent. interest, payable semi-annually, on the the first day of January and July, and to mature January 1st, 1862. This first issue of bonds was soon all taken up and burned by the township Trustees, because the County Auditor refused to register and officially sign them. July. 22d, 1852, the Trustees re-issued these bonds, as set forth in the extract from the official record., given below : "After due consideration, the Trustees took up, and destroyed by fire, the said

February 29th,1880. The cost was about S3 ,000. It is entirely paid for. Seating capacity, about 400 ; present membership, io8. During the twenty-three years that Rev. S. P. Hildreth was pastor, ten were expelled, twenty-eight died, one hundred and forty-three were dismissed by certificate to other churches, and two hundred and sixty-six were added. Could all these members have been retained, the Dresden Presbyterian Church would have had the largest number of communicants of any in this Synod.

The church has had fifteen Elders, as follows : Joseph F. Munroe, ordained in 1819 ; David Stillwell and John C. Stockton, ordained December 18, 1830 ; Laban Lemert, ordained February 6, 1837 ; John N. Ingalls, ordained April 16, 1840 : Thomas M. Barron, ordained September 24, 1843 ; Patterson Hirst and David B. Irvin, ordained October 30, 1847 ; John Barron, ordained January 20, 1850 ; John W. Alloways, Alfred Barron, and Thomas Franks, ordained January 19, 1851 ; Wm. Senior, John McCahan and Silas Barron, ordained November 17, 1861. The Elders in the autumn of 1880, were Wm. Senior, J. W. Alloways, G. W. Lemert, and Silas Barron.

About the time that the Dresden Presbyterian Society was organized, and before it had a house of worship, Mrs. Pitkin, wife of the first pastor, started a Sunday School class in her own house, which dwelling was occupied late in 1880, by Mr. M. Carter.

Before the building of the first church, Rev. Mr. Harrison, the second pastor, taught a Bible class in an old school house, which then stOod on the hill, in what is now the Dresden cemetery. After the erection of the first church, the school then met there, and was thoroughly organized.

Mr. John Ingalls and J. J. Ingalls, of Zanesville, were two of the first superintendents.

Mr. Alfred Barron, living in Zanesville, in 1880, and Rev. S. P. Hildreth, also filled the office, at an early day in the school's history. Prof. R. W. Stevenson, now of Columbus Union School, was an efficient superintendent,for two or more years.

In 1857 and 1858, singing and singing books, especially designed for Sunday-schools, were introduced. Some ten years later, the school had its first organ. William Senior, G. W. Lemert, J. F. Pearman, and J. N. Lanning, having acted as superintendents at various times, Mr. Senior having served longer than any one else.

The average attendance for a number of years past, and at the present, is recorded as eighty, a very creditable showing:.

The Charter Members.— Thomas Perkins, Thomas Lander, Andrew Walker, and others.

First Officers.—Thos. Perkins, Master ; Thos. Lander, S. W. ; Andrew Walker, J. W.

Officers for i880.—Frank Fingler, Master ; James Johns, S. W. ; N, W. Gay, J. ; J. C. Dorsey, Treasurer ; Thomas Ulrich, Secretary ; J. C. Adams, S. D. ; William Stradley, J. D. ; E. Jones and C. Sandritter, Stewards ; J. F. Snyder, Tiler. Meets monthly, in Dresden, Monday evenings, on or before. full moon. Thirty- eight members in 1880.

The first school house (log), was erected in the rear of where now is the Central Hotel, in Dresden, about 1822. The man who taught there in that year, was a Mr. Timberlake. He is reported by some of his scholars, still living, to have been very fond of whiskey, from the effects of which he used to fall asleep during school hours, when the children would play him many tricks. In warm weather, he used to remove his shoes and stockings while school was in session. Among Mr. Timberlake's scholars, were the present Dr. Lemert, of Dresden, Miss Sarah Lemert, who married a Mr. Mills, Miss Sarah E. Cass, now Mrs. Joseph Adams, of Dresden, and Lewis Lemert, deceased:

Abraham Smith, who kept the second hotel, in Dresden, also taught in this log school house. Mr. Smith's wife kept a millinery store in this log house first, south of the Akeroyd House. Part of this millinery shop is yet standing.

The next school house was a brick, built about 1828 or 1829, in the present Dresden cemetery. Josiah B. Scott was one of the early teachers in this house. He later became a member of the State Legislature, moved to Steubenville,and died there. In 1845-46, a second brick school building was erected, on the site of the present building, in Dresden. The township now boasts one of the most elegant and substantial school buildings in Muskingum county. It was completed in 1877, at a cost of $18,000. School bonds for this amount were issued, upon which money was raised to erect the house. These bonds draw an interest of eight per cent. per annum, and are payable $2,000 annually. The last matures September 15, 1886.

The school Property of the township is valued at $25,000. Total expense of school, for year ending with August 31, 188o, $2,839.22. Total number of scholars enrolled in the township, three hundred and eighty-five. Only one school district, and one school house in Jefferson town- ship. Eight months of school each year.

The Board of Education's report, September 20, 1880, is as follows : The value of school property in the township, $2,700 ; the number of pupils enrolled—males, 121 ; females, to6 ; total, 227. The average daily attendance—males, 75 ; females, 70 ; total, 145.

No information, anterior to 1835,can be obtained in regard to this body. In this year, the so- ciety erected a brick church, upon the site of the

present edifice, in Dresden. The pastor in charge at this time, was Rev. C. B. Lovell. A Mr. Allen also served the society, at about the same time Rev. Lovell did. These men remained and preached with some regularity until about 1838, and were followed by Rev's. Brown and Kellogg, who preached on alternate Sundays for two years. In 1841, R. B. Chubb received an appointment, and he held it for two years. In 1843, or 1844, Rev. J. Blanpied was pastor. Following him came Oliver Burgess, for two years. Rev. Henry Whiteman preached in 1846 and 1847, and was followed for two years by Rev. Mr. Clark. In 1850 and 1852, Rev. Harvey Wilson filled the pulpit. It was while this man preached, that the present church was built. It is a substantial brick building, and cost $3.000.

Rev. Mr. Safford was the second pastor to preach regularly in the new church. He remained during 1854. John Wolf preached in 1855 and 1856, and was succeeded by T. H. Wilson, for one year. Rev. Grissell supplied the pulpit in 1858. In the latter part of this year (1858), or the first of 1859, Thos Bell was pastor, for a short time. The next regular pastor was Rev. Willets, in 1859. This gentleman died in Dresden. Rev. Lewis was pastor in 1862. Following him was Allen Moffat, in 1863. Next came Oman Lawrence, for two years. In 1868, Daniel Lambert filled the pulpit. Rev's. James H. Johnston, Samuel Squires, and John Reasoner, came next, in order named, for one year each. B. A. Disney preached in 1872 and 1873, and was succeeded in 1874 and 1875 by Rev. Henry Whiteman (second call). Rev. 0. Milton Ashbaugh preached during 1876, and was succeeded by the present incumbent, Rev. Joseph McK. Barnes. Sunday, September 19, 1880, the last named preached his farewell sermon.

In 1872, the church records showed a membership of fifty-eight. In 1880, the membership was about eighty-five. One of the greatest revivals the church has known, was while it was under the charge of Rev. R. B. Chubb, in 1841 and 1842.

The year 1838, is the date of organization. Benjamin Adams was the first Superintendent, and E. W. Zentmeyer was the second. Some of the others holding this office, have been M. T. Shaw, D. B. Burch and Rev. James H. Johnston. In 1880, H. H. Eshman was Superintendent. At this time, the school has a good library, eleven teachers, and about one hundred scholars.

This church was organized in Dresden in 1839, with William Evans, senior warden, Benjamin Adams, junior warden, and Rev. Cushman, rector. This gentleman was rector until some time in 1840. He was succeeded by Rev. A. T. McMurphy, who remained until about 1855, when he gave place to Rev. Blackuller. He remained for about two years, after which the church had no rector for some years ; and next came Rev. McBride, who remained until 1862, when another vacancy occured. Rev. Lewis came next, in 1864 ; after him, Rev. Steele, for a short time only. J. G. Jones and C. F. Adams were the next rectors ; after these, came P. Brovke, about 1876, who gave place to the present incumbent, Rev. E. M. W. Hills.

The first services were, held in the old Dresden market house, next in the old Methodist church in Dresden, and continued to be held there until the present brick church was built, in 1848, (at a cost of $3,500.) The parsonage (brick) was built in 1855-6, at a cost of about $3,500. The present membership is about thirty, and has been as high as sixty. Mrs. Eliza Eaton, wife of a prominent banker of Dresden, has been organist in this church for more than thirty years.

The Episcopal Sunday School was organized at the same date as the church. Rev. McMurphy was first Superintendent, Benjamin Adams, second, William Johnston, third, Dr. William Akeroyd, fourth, and Frank Lemert, fifth, who now holds the office ; there were about twenty scholars in 1880.

This society held its first meetings in the old Dresden market house, in 1840, and there continued to worship until 1845-6, when the present frame church was erected, at a cost of about $800. Some of the prominent members, at date of organization, were Jane Kain, Henry Shutts and wife, T. A. McCann, Jones S. Adams and wife, and Littleton Adams. Rev. Mr. Eldridge was the first pastor. He continued with the society until the completion of the frame church, as noted above. Following him, came Rev. William Mears, for about four years. Rev. Davis came next, and was succeeded by B. Y. Siegfried, for four or five years. The other pastors, have been Rev's. R. W. Allen, J. G. Whitaker, Dr. Chambers, Elias' Stilwell, John Heistand, Mr. Wright, Thomas Jones, and H. H. Dunaway, the present incumbent.

In the autumn of 1880, the society was building a 36x78 brick church, on the site of the first frame. This new church is to have a seating capacity of four hundred and twenty-five, and is to be completed in 1881. Its estimated cost is $4,000. The present membership, is one hundred and thirty-eight.

The Sunday School was organized under Rev. William Mears, and continued uninterruptedly until the present time. The first Superintendent was Samuel Adams. Charles Woodruff filled that office in 1880, at which time the school was in a prosperous condition, had a fine library, and an average attendance of seventy scholars.

The prosperity of the church is largely due to the efficient workings of the Sunday school.

Father Joseph Gallinger, priest, who held monthly services in G. A. Peffer's house, in Dresden. The present church, a neat little frame, was com- pleted in 1847, at a cost of about $600. The other pastors have been Rev. Fathers Borgest, Kremer, Brummer, Schlepnikopff, Rauch, Nordmeyer, Deiters, Bender, and the present incumbent, Rev. Father , Jacquett, who has held the position for eleven years.

The church (the only one in Jefferson township of this denomination) is located near the railroad track, in the village of Dresden. The present membership is about sixty. They have no Sunday School.

The first meeting of this body of worshiping Christians, was held in the old market house of Dresden. in 1848. Adam Schwemle, G. A. Peffer, Henry Kipp and Henry Schneid, were some of the most prominent early members.

Rev. Mr. Minner was the first pastor. He continued with the church six years. The following are names of the other pastors : Rev's. Cress, Herman, Bucher. Schultz, Gillis, Brown and Nunemacher. The last named left the church in 1879, since which date, it has had no pastor. The present church is of brick, and was erected in 1853, and cost $2,000. Its seating capacity is about 200. They have no Sabbath School.

In 1847-8,Wakatomaka Lodge was established in Dresden, with the following charter members : Alexander Culbertson, B. F. Lemert, Alfred Barron, Elon Jones and E. Granger. The Lodge continued in good working order until about 1857, when it surrendered its charter. In- ternal dissensions over the management of the Lodge's finances, were the causes which led to the charter's surrender.

A private line of telegraph was constructed from Zanesville to Wooster, in 1848. This line passed through Dresden where an office was opened. The Western Union Telegraph Company, opened an office in 1868. T. B. Dorsey was the first Western Union manager, J. L. Adams next, and John Hornung following.

The private line was discontinued, some years before the Western Union went into operation.

L. J. Lemert established in Dresden, in 1852, a bank of discount and deposit and continued the business by himself until 1873, when his sons were given an interest in the business, and the style of the firm was changed to L. J. Lemert and Sons, and so continues until the present. The senior member of the firm died in 1875, since which date, Robert Lemert has been the active member. The Lemert estate is valued at about $16o,00o, a good portion of which sum is used in conducting the banking business.

The banking house of G. Eaton, was established in Dresden in 1866, and continues until the present, the same as when established. Capital, $25,000. This sum represents Mr. Eaton's banking capital only, he having as much more invested in milling, and other safe enterprises.

This church was organized in 1852, with about twenty-four members, among whom were Henry Kipp, Herman Eschmann, and Henry Stockdick. Until about 1858, services were held in the Dresden market house. At this time, the frame church, still occupied, was erected at a cost of about $600. Its seating capacity is one hundred and twenty-five. The first pastors were Wm. Florika and Rev. R. M. Brownmiller, who preached on alternate Sundays until 1854, when Rev. Conrad Baer was appointed to fill the pul- pit.

The following named preached, in the order named, after Rev. Baer : Jacob Gabler, 1855-6 ; E. Wunderlich, 1857 ; I. G. Reiber, 1858 ; Wm. Ekermeyer, 1859 : G. Schwinn, J. F. Dieckmann, 186o ; C. A. Militzer, 1861 ; John W. Fischbach, 1862 ; Daniel Maule, 1863 ; H. Henke, 1864 ; Hugo Rehm, 1865-6 ; August Bletsch, 1867 ; J. Strang, 1867 ; J. Bockstahler, 1868-70 ; Wm. Muller, 1871-2 ; John Ficken, 1873-5 ; Daniel Foltz, 1876-7 ; August Gerloch, and Conrad Franker, 1879-80. Twenty members in 1880. No Sunday School.

The organization of this religious body took place in 1861, and for one year after, met in the Lutheran Church, in Dresden. In 1862-3, the society in Dresden built their present house of worship, a substantial brick structure, at a cost of $2,000.

Two of the prominent members, at date of organization, were Fred. Shrake, now residing at New Philadelphia, Ohio, and Daniel McGinnis, who is still an active and efficient member. Elder Wm. Taylor was the first pastor; Asbury Gardner the second ; next came Wm. A. Walters, who was succeeded by Elder Huffman. The last regular pastor was Elder Graham, who dissolved his connection with the society in 1877, since which date the church has had no regular pastor, but has devoted itself to missionary work. Occasional Sunday services are now held, and regular weekly prayer and other meetings.

Immediately following the organization of this church, (1861) a Sunday School was established, and has been continued unto the present time. The first superintendent was Fred. Shrake, the second, Elder Daniel McGinnis, who still holds the position. The school once had quite a library, but has allowed the books to be scattered, so that now it has none. But it has its regular supply. of Sunday School papers. Average attendance, about thirty scholars. Meets in Christian Church, in Dresden.

Seth Adams had a mill, of the kind known as " corn cracker," on Wakatomaka Creek, about 1804. George Gertie was the first to build a flouring mill, of any importance. It was situated on a rock near, Mr. Adams' mill.

In 1832, Hugh F. Hogan (" the one legged man"), built a saw and grist mill, about four miles west of Dresden, on the Frazeysburg road. This land was owned in 1880, by James Pryor. John and David Lovitt bought this mill, about the time it was completed, and gave it their name. They sold the property, however, to James Pryor, and for twenty years or more, thereafter, it was known as " Pryor's mill." It was demolished in 1875. A. M. Eisenhouse was a miller, " in those days."

" The weaver at his loom," was as essential as the plowman, for the pioneers had need of clothing, and it must needs be made at home. So, according to tradition, we are enabled to say that a weaver, from the State of Maryland, came into this township in an early day, and his name was Morgan Morgan. His son, Thomas Morgan, does not remember at what time his father came hither.

Rev. Joseph W. Pigman, of the M. E. Church, is reported to have preached in the house of Wm. Blount, about 18o8 ; "this first temple" stood some three and a half miles west of Dresden. Amos Weeks, and William Spencer, traveling Baptist preachers, were in this region telling " the old old story," about that time. Pigman was also a Justice of the Peace, and taught school, in " a little log cabin in the lane," between Dresden and Shannon, say about two and a half miles west of Dresden, about Anno Domini 1808.

Sanford Ramey also taught school in a cabin, on the same road, in 1816. This temple of .learning was situated on land that, in 1880, was owned by Stockton Frazier. Some of the boys of that period were Joseph, Michael and Owen Dorsey, James Ogle, Mordecai Ogle, Thomas Morgan, and Elias Ellis. Of these, only the last two were living in 1880.

Matthew Hollenbach was another who taught the young idea how to shoot, in " ye olden time.''

The township is now divided into six school districts, and each has a substantial and comfortable school building, in which the teaching is according to our advanced methods.

Liberty Chapel, Christian Church, was erected about 1840 (on land owned in 1880 by Mary Milstead and Nancy Carter), and, about 1863, it was sold to Thomas Fisher, who moved it and converted it into a stable. The name was derived from its being built by various denominations, and " free for all ;" free from expense, so far as the use of the house was concerned. The peculiarity of the association, rendered records complicated, and so we are reduced to traditionary accounts ; from this source, we learn that Fred. Parker and wife, John Milstead and wife, Thomas Doel and wife, Mrs. George Doel, and Laban Cook and wife, were among the members of the congregation.

The first pastor was William Bagley, under whose ministry the church was built. Again, referring to tradition, we learn that Barzillai Miles, James Hayes, Jacob and Andrew Hanger, David Rice and James Mervin, were, at some time, pastors of this church.

The site on which this church was built was donated by James Ogle ; the deed, however, was never recorded, and, in 1880, was supposed to be in possession of William Fisher.

This church was so called from the fact of its being built in a grove owned by Benjamin Hopper, who deeded the society one acre of ground for a church and grave yard. The house, a neat frame, was built about 1840, and stood for some fifteen years, when the surrounding land was bought by Peter Ma‘rshalL This man was not long in discovering that the church society had failed to have its deed recorded, and he sold the church to Michael Schuman, who moved it upon a farm occupied in 188o, by Joseph B. McFarland, where it has since done duty as a stable. "To what base uses," etc.

Some of the early members of this church were Wm. Burch and wife, Jacob Burch, (living in 1880,) and wife, Mrs. Anna Lout, Benjamin H. Hopper and wife, and Mr. and Mrs. John Burch. One of the earliest preachers in this house was Rev. David Sherrard. Rev. Daugherty was another to fill this pulpit, in the infancy of the church.

There are no records of this church in existence, and the members being all scattered, it is not possible to give here anything like a history.

Benjamin Webb, father of the two men who had the grain ware-house at Webb's Port, was one of, if not the earliest physician in the township. He is spoken of as being here as early as 1815.

Dr. Brown, son-in-law of J. F. Munroe, was here as a practicing physician about 1825. He lived in the village of Dresden.

Joseph F. Munroe had a distillery in operation, in the township, in 1815. This establishment was kept in operation for some time after the Ohio Canal was completed, and then discontinued.

Joseph F. Munroe and Major Jonathan Cass, were the first to plant fruit orchards. In 1815, these two gentlemen had nice thrifty young peach and apple orchards upon their respective farms. A few years later, Seth Adams had an apple orchard growing upon his farm.

The first brick house built here was by Major Jonathan Cass. In 1880, this early home of Major Cass was still standing, and had for its occupant, John McNamarra.

Joseph F. Munroe erected a brick house on the river road, on land owned in 188o, by J. F. Adams, who was then occupying this identical houSe. The exact year that these two brick houses were built, can not now be learned ; but they were both probably erected as early as 1818.

Joseph F. Munroe had a stock of -goods in his brick house the same place that was occupied by James T. :Adams in 1880. It is supposed he opened store about 1823.

E. and G. Adams had a store at Adams' Mills, in the northeast corner of the township, about 1830; and a few years later, they had a store and grain ware-house at Webb's Port, the junction of the Dresden Side Cut with the Ohio Canal. Webb Brothers, (Benjamin and Nathan,) had an extensive grain ware-house at this point, hence the name.

Thomas Smith opened a tavern at Webb's Port, about the time of the completion of the Ohio Canal-1830---and conducted the business about three years, when he sold out to "Long" Parker, who continued the business about the same length of time. From that time to 1880, the building had been used as a dwelling.

The only Post Office in this township is at Adam's Mills, which town is called, (by the P. C. & St. L. Railroad, which passes through it,) Preston. The correct name of the post office is Adam's Mills. The most of the people of this township procure their mail at Frazeysburg, in Jackson township, or in Dresden, Jefferson township.

The Steubenville and Indiana Railroad, (now the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis, and generally known as the "Pan Handle,") was completed through this township about 1853. The Zanesville branch, from Dresden Junction to Zanesville, was completed about 1870. The railroad stations here are Dresden Junction and Preston. The latter station is also the "Adams' Mills Post Office."

The main line of the Pan Handle enters the township near its northeast corner, and runs in nearly a straight line southwest, through Adams' Mills and Dresden Junction, and passes the western boundary of the township about the centre. The Zanesville branch intersects the main line at Dresden Junction.

C. E. Stearns was the agent from the opening of the road to 1876, when J. C. Adams, the present incumbent, took his place

This town was surveyed by Joseph Fisher, in 1873-4. The land was owned by George W. Adams. There is a small station house, a tavern, a saloon, and about a dozen houses to mark its growth. No post office.

Treasurer—John D. Shaw ; Trustees—Richard Lacy, Thomas Campbell, Robert G. McQuigg ; Clerk—H. W. Kipp ; Assessor—Martin V. Ogle ; Justices of the Peace—D. D. McGinnis, Geo. F. Shepherd.

ANNO DOMINI 1800-WYLLY5 SILLIMAN-THE PIONEERS- TOPOGRAPHY- SOD- WATER- SAND- STONE - LIMESTONE - FORESTS - TOWNSHIP TAKEN FROM JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP - THE TOWNSHIP NAMED FOR PRESIDENT MADISON- NO RECORD OF THE OFFICERS CHOSEN AT THE FIRST ELECTION-THE OFFICERS OF 1880- WHERE THE ELECTIONS WERE HELD-THE FIRST ROAD-THE FIRST DEATH AND BURIAL-GOD- FREY BAINTER - FIRST MARRIAGE - SALT WORKS-SCHOOLS-MILLS - WHISKEY MILL- FURNACE– FIRST BLACKSMITH - 'WHEELEN" M. E. CHURCH-"PROSPECT" M. E. CHURCH- “SALEM" M. E. PROTESTANT CHURCH-' 'PLEASANT HILL" M. P. CHURCH-ST. MATHEW'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH-THE FIRST STORE - “OTTERBEIN CHAPEL" (UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH )-FIRST POST OFFICE-STONE WARE- MILITARY RECORD.

Anno Domini, 1800, found Jacob Swigert settled on Muskingum bottom lands ; he built his cabin and cleared a field, the first evidence of civilization within the borders of this township he, however, was not happy, and sold out to J. S. Copeland, and he sold out to John Bainter, all within a short period, .for Bainter moved to the high land—now occupied by J. G. Stump, in 1801. Wyllys Silliman entered the southwest quarter of section nineteen, on Symmes' Creek, but sold out to James Sprague, from Nova Scotia, who settled upon it, in 1802. A Swiss, named Valentine Shriver, settled on the northeast quar- ter of section twenty-three, in 1804, and John Stoner settled on the southeast quarter of the same section, about the same time, and planted an orchard, the first in the township. George Adams came from Fauquier county, and settled on the southeast quarter of section eighteen, in 1808 : he built a hewed log house, the first in the territory, and some years later added a frame building to this, and this was the first flume house in this section. Charles Copeland settled near the mouth of Symmes' Creek, about the the same time, and, in 1817, he built a brick house, the first in this region ; it is in a good state of preservation, and is occupied by his descendants.

Topographically, Madison township presents. many advantages ; the rich alluvial soil of extensive bottom lands, for it will be seen by consult- ing the map, that it is surrounded, so to speak,.

on an equivalent of more than three sides, by the Muskingum river, more than compensates for the poor quality of uplands, and at the same time, the undulating character of the surface enables the majority of the settlers to find good building sites. It is drained principally by the Muskingum river, and next by Symmes' Creek, which is the largest stream, of any importance, in the township. Water, however, is plenty, and good. Sand- stone and limestone, for building, and lime, are found in the cliff's, and coal in, convenient quantities. The forests have never been large, nor well cared for, yet all the varieties common to southeastern Ohio, flourish here.

This township was taken from Jefferson township, by order of the County Commissioners, dated July 2, 1819. It was originally bounded on the north by the county line, on the east, by Munroe and Salem townships, on the south, by Washington township, on the west, by the Muskingum river. The Commissioners' Journal, of that date, contains the following : "Beginning on the county line, on the line dividing the sixth range, then west with the county line to the northeast corner of Jefferson township, then down the Muskingum river, and with meanders thereof, to the line dividing the southwest and northwest quarter of the second township in the seventh range, then east to the line dividing the sixth and seventh ranges, thence north with the said line to the southwest corner of the third township, in the sixth range, then east to the line dividing the sixth range, then northwest with said line to the place of beginning."

The first election was held at the residence of Martin Wheelen, July 31, 1819. This was the same place that is now owned by George King.

The township was named for President Madi- son. In December, 1826, Adams township was

created, and Madison reduced thereby to its present size, and boundaries. No record of the officers chosen, at the first election, has been found ; those for 188o, are :

Board of Education—James King, Samuel Copeland, Abraham Beal, John A. Burnside, David Garrett, John King.

Supervisors—John J. Kinney, Daniel Stolts, Louis Gressel, William Stolts, Leslie Keyes, William Miller, John Crozier, Jacob A. Minner.

The elections were held at the school house, on Wm. Minner's land, chiefly, until 1848, when the township house was erected, and the elections have been held there since that time ; the

The first road crossed the Muskingum river at Bainter's ford, and extended up ‘Symmes' Creek in the direction of Adams township.

The first death was that of Godfrey Bainter, in 1805. He was buried in the woods, on his son John's farm, now owned by W. B. Carter. The following is the inscription on the tombstone, now nearly effaced by time, as the stone is of a very perishable kind :

"In memory of Godfrey Bainter, who departed this life May 18th, 1805, aged 60 years." This has become a cemetery and is the oldest in the township."

The first marriage, on record, is that of George Stoner and Elizabeth Shirer, in 1810 ; the next was Robert McConnell to Mary Adams, which occurred soon after.

In the year 1807, James Sprague, and his son Samuel, were pushing a canoe up the Muskingum river, and when just below the mouth of Wills treek, they saw an Indian encampment, and, putting it to shore, an old Indian offered to show them a good salt spring for $1,400. Mr. Sprague did not accept the offer, and shortly after, the Indian showed it to Mr. Mapes for a rifle. Mr. M. began to make salt there, about 1810. The spring proved to be a good one, and these works have been operated for fifty years. In 1852, Joseph Tingle became their possessor, and repaired them, and put in a new engine, and operated them during the war, but they have been idle since 1865.

The first school house was probably built on the land of A. Struthers, not far from the forks of Symmes' Creek. It is said that the first school was taught in the German language, and that the first English school teacher was a Mr. Decker, in 1811. The primitive schools of this township have sip faded from the memories of the oldest inhabitants, that nothing definite is known of them-. The schools of the present day are taught in the English language, and there are six good frame school houses in the township ; none graded, however.

In 1813, Alexander Struthers built a grist mill on the south branch of Symmes' Creek, just above its forks, and in 1818, he added a saw mill. These mills were of incalculable benefit to the settlement, even extending beyond the township boundaries ; and yet Mr. Struthers did not retain control of them many years ; he sold to J. N. Ingalls, and he, to William Mapes. The latter added one run of buhrs. Mr. Mapes died, and Frederick Minner became proprietor for a time,. and was succeeded by Peter Varner, who operated the mills in 1866.

Valentine Shirer, and David Shirer, brothers, built a .saw mill in 1833, on the north fork of Symmes'Creek,near the center of section twenty. John Bench subsequently put in a pair of buhrs,

Cushman was rector about eighteen months, and he was succeeded by Rev. John Henshaw, from May to October, 1843. From this date, no regular services were held, until April, 1846, when Rev. George B. Sturgis became rector.

Services were held in the Presbyterian Church, which the congregation rented, until May, 1846, when they were held in their own church.

Rev. Albert T. McMurphy became rector in April, 1847, and the church was consecrated September 14th, of that year. Rector McMurphy remained until 1857, nearly ten years.

Rev, J. H. McElree,. during 1861 and 1862 ; Rev. Henry A. Lewis, from July, 1865, to June 18, 1866, when he died ; Rev. John. Steel, April 1867, to September of that year, when he resigned ; Rev. J. C. Jones, from July 1868, to September, 1871 ; Rev. Chester F. Adams, from October 1871, to July 1876; Rev. Pendleton, from July 1876, to June 1879 ; Rev. M. E. W. Hill, in June, 188o, and remains in charge. The Senior Warden is Leslie Keyes ; Junior Warden, William Keyes. The number of members is fourteen.

Matthew's Parish" owns one hundred acres of land, in addition to the church lot. It was deeded by Christopher Armstrong in 1840, and is situated in the southeast quarter of section eleven.

In the cemetery connected with this church, may be seen a monument containing this inscription

"In memory of Christopher Humphreys, died September 30th, 1842, aged one hundred and four years.

"In memory of Margaret, wife of Christopher Humphreys, died January 4th, 1851, aged one hundred years."

The first regular store was kept by Copeland & Parmalee, about 1840. They sold out to James McMahan, and he to Roe & Beatty, who did quite an extensive business, in the store and mill, which they rented. John Bowen, Henry Copeland, George C. Adams, D. F. Kinney and A. J. Hurdle succeeded Roe & Beatty. There is no store in Madison township at this time. Thomas Pierce kept a small store at his mill, and, by some, it is claimed that this was the first store in the township.

The Symmes' Creek class was formed in 1846, and composed of John Swoope and Hannah, his wife, Charles King and Catharine, his wife, John Miller and Francis, his wife, Rev. James Shreeves, and Nathaniel Smith.

In 1861, Zachariah Adams deeded one acre of land to Peter Varner, John Swoope and James McKinney, Trustees ; and, in 1864, a frame house, 25x32, was erected thereon, for religious purposes ; preaching having been done in school houses prior to this time.

The ministers who have served this society were : Rev's. Rice, Camden, McFarland, Lively, Cecil, Dilley, Sherman, Saltzman, Miller, Clark, Ehrhard, Roch, Moore, Athey, Stedman, Clark and Coleman.

The present Trustees are : Chas. McCurney, John Miller, William Minner, Jacob Minner, and John Dickey. The Class Leaders are : John Miller and Seldon King. The Steward is William Minner.

The first Post Offices were established simultaneously at the mouth of Symmes' Creek, and at the residence of Thomas Armstrong. The latter was postmaster at the office having his name, and Charles Love was postmaster at the mouth of Symmes' Creek. This was in 1850. The office at Armstrong's was abandoned in 1863, and the one at the State Dam may soon be.

In 1869, William Minner built a pottery at the forks of Symmes Creek, and has operated it successfully ever since ; the clay being of good quality and abundant. From twelve to fifteen thousand gallons of ware are made there annually.

Jacob S. King and John T. Swoope, built a pottery on the Dresden road, one mile north of the mouth of Symmes' Creek, in 1879, and they are still operating it, with fair success.

Volunteers from Madison township, in the One Hundred and Twenty-second 0. V. I.—William Austin, George Adams, James Armstrong, Jesse Bales, Washington Baine, Wesley Baum, Israel Buckalew, Thomas Hittle, Samuel Hazen, George B. King, Wm. King, Daniel Kinney, Isaiah Kinney (killed,) James King, Benjamin King, Harman King, Chas. Minner, William Steller, Salathiel Tudor, Riley Tudor, Peter LePage, William Miller, James McBurney, John A. Norman, John Noel, Joseph Parkinson, Isaiah Poorman.

Sixty-second 0. V. I.—Zachariah Buckalew, 'Henry Copeland, John Clark, William Collins, William Dunmead, Daniel Dunmead, Thomas Dunmead, Martin Echelberry, William Feagans,• Perry Forker, Daniel Garrett, Henry Garrett, Wiley Garrett, George Hackney, William Ramsey, Daniel Shirer, William Stanley, John Whittingham, Jacob Ross, William Ross, Henry Ross, Nathan Ross, Harrison Skinner, John Shadrach, (killed).

One Hundred and Sixtieth O. V. I.—D. F. Kinney, Thomas J. Kinney, Jacob Kinney, George Thomas.

Ninety-seventh 0. V. I.—Thomas Lazell, Frank Lazell, John St. Clair, Frank VanWestin, Robert Sebring, George Steel, Andrew Wilson.

worthy a place in the history of this township, the historian believes to be true, and when any one cognizant of them regrets they are not here narrated, let him place the censure, if any, where it belongs, on the stolid reticence of those who, when interviewed, refrained from communicating them. The foregoing data has been carefully detailed, and, when the nature of the information permitted, it has been amplified, but not exaggerated. In closing, the writer would pay a tribute to the brave heroes who bore arms for their country, and say with the poet :

THE PIONEERS—THE FIRST HOUSE IN THE TOWN- SHIP—THE FIRST WHITE PERSON'S DEATH—THE FIRST GRIST MILL—THE FIRST TANNERY— FIRST DISTILLERY—FIRST STORE—FIRST TAVERN—"ZACH CHANDLER'S HOTEL"—THE FIRST BLACKSMITH—" OLD BUNG-MY-EYE MOORE "— PIONEER PHYSICIAN—THE POST OFFICE—FOR CREATION OF THE TOWNSHIP—EARLY RECORDS —EARLIEST RECORD OF AN ELECTION—RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF TOWNSHIP, 1825 —NO RECEIPTS FOR I826—WARRANT WARNING BENJAMIN PEGG AND FAMILY TO LEAVE— "EAR MARKS "—A BOUND BOY—BOUNDARY OF THE TOWNSHIP— TOPOGRAPHY—SALT—MINERAL WEALTH — GEOLOGY—CHANDLERSVILLE— SALT CREEK BAPTIST CHURCH AND SUNDAY sCHOO L — METHODISM — CHANDLERSVILLE AP- POINTMENT—THE NEW CHURCH—SUGAR GROVE APPOINTMENT—SCHOOLS -- PUBLIC LIBRARY— CHANDLERSVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH— CHANDLERSVILLE DIVISION, SONS OF TEMPERANCE—WAKATOMAKA LODGE I. O. O. F UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH— EAGLE AND GAVEL LODGE F. AND A. M.

The dawn of the present century, or not later than the first annual cycle, found this region the chosen abode of Nathaniel Eddy, William New- ell, Sr., and Captain John Chandler. These were men of large hearts and great sagacity, and as might be expected, the region chosen for their future operations would be accepted as of more than ordinary promise, and therefore, they would draw around them kindred spirits. Accordingly we find they were followed, soon after, by Messrs. Simmons, Stephen Reeve, John Brewster, William Dixon, George Clapper and

David Peairs ; and they, soon after' by Jacob Crumbaker, Jacob Wilhelm, Robert Linn, Sr., Peter Sarchet, Thomas Brady, (now of Rich Hill township,) Abraham Warne and Joseph Culbertson ; the latter was living in the autumn of 188o, near Chandlersville, aged 93. John Chandler's family, which consisted of himself, wife and six sOns, became prominent in the his- tory of this township ; they were Zachary, Mar- tin, John, Stephen, Samuel, Guy and daughter Polly. The latter, married Jacob Wilhelm, father of J. C. Wilhelm, of Duncan's Falls.

The first house in the township was built by Captain John Chandler. It was a double log, and stood near the brick house occupied by Dr. Lenhart, in Chandlersville. This house was not finished until 1802, and was of the kind in vogue, with "puncheon floors," and the only nails used in its construction were of wrought iron, made by Mr. Chandler, for the doors. A few years later, Mr. Chandler erected a substantial brick dwelling, that is still doing good service.

Stephen Reeve inaugurated matrimony in 1803, by being united to Miss Mary Briggs. One year later, his example was followed by Zachary Chandler and Miss Fanny Bingham ; and again, by James Dixon and Miss Ann Herron, of Rich Hill township, about 1806. Mr. Dixon was 40 years old at the time, and his father, William Dixon, on hearing that his "boy" had married, remarked, "Succeeded at last ! Jimmy has been fishing for a wife these forty years, and caught a herring at last."

Captain John Chandler's wife was the first white person to die in the township ; this sad event took place in 1811.

Stephen and Mary Reeve were the first to become parents in the new settlement ; this joyous event happened in August, 18o5.

The first grist mill was built by Captain John Chandler, on his land bordering on Salt Creek ; here, also, he erected a saw mill. His mill ground the first bushel of corn and wheat in Salt Creek township.

The grist mill was built prior to 181o, and consumed by fire in 1811-12. The stones were not of buhr, but ordinary, dug from the bed of the creek near by. Llewellyn Howell and Silas Robinson, built the second mill, which was a .duplicate of the Chandler mill. Samuel , McCune had a saw and grist mill on Big Salt creek, some time between 1815 and 1818.

The first distillery was built in 1814, by William Scott, who tested his whiskey by tasting, and when pretty full of samples, he accidentally set fire to his establishment ; he perished in the flames.

The first store was probably opened by Bernhard Brewster, having a small stock of goods ; this was about 1812. This was in the same building spoken of elsewhere as occupied by Dr. Lenhart at this time. Mr. Brevvster's ven- ture was followed by a more successful enterprise by. John Stevens, subsequently of Zanesville.

A few years later, John Moore entered the mercantile arena. These pioneer merchants have left this township.

" The first tavern in these parts," was kept by Zachary Chandler, who opened up" in a frame building in 1815 ; this was considered a great relief to his neighbors, as none of them cared to accommodate the traveler. " Zach Chandler's hotel, or tavern," was sought out by the wayfarer, notwithstanding the accomodations were not ambitious. In those days, straw beds and tallow dip candles were luxuries ; and as " Zach " had the monopoly in this business, no one complained. Five years later, the tavern was kept by Mr. Cuberday, and was consumed by fire. About 1820, Robert Linn opened his residence for the accommodation of the public. This was near the present residence of Robert Linn, Jr.

The first blacksmith was the redoubtable Captain John. Chandler, who was so near akin to

Vulcan that he did his own smithing, and had the first forge. The township was without a professional blacksmith until the arrival of "Jerry" Joseph, in 1810. He was but fairly inaugurated when William Moore entered the arena to compete for. the honors, about 1812. Mr. Moore was not only a clever workman, but a marvelous story teller and singer ; his favorite ballad was a character song, which he called Old Bung My-Eye," which he is represented to have sung with convulsing effect. From this circumstance, he was called " Old Bung-My-Eye Moore," by which he is remembered to this day.

The pioneer physician was Dr. Daniel Bliss, who carried his saddle bags whithersoever he went. He arrived in the township in 1812, and is represented as a genial man, whose countenance was a welcome medicine.

The Postoffice owes its inception to Captain John Chandler. He was acting Postmaster as early as 1804, and held that office many years. His successor was John Stevens, the merchant spoken of; he was succeeded by N. Chapman, who filled the responsible position many years, and was succeeded by Isaac Britton. Mr. Britton's successor was Llewellyn Pierce, who was succeeded by Thomas M. Crumbaker, and he in turn by William Ferguson, who was succeeded by Israel P. Robinson, and he by the present. incumbent, 0. H. P. Crumbaker. During Mr. Chandler's administration of postal affairs, the mail was carried on horseback, and served weekly. As the roads were opened, and the quantity of mail matter increased, wagons, called mail coaches by some, and stages by others, came into use ; and in process of time a triweekly mail was delivered. July 1, 1880, a daily mail to Zanesville was established.

This occurred in connection with two other townships ; the Commissioner's Journal reads as follows : " Cambridge, Salt Creek, and Falls townships, March 9th, 1808. A petition from sundry persons being presented to the Board, praying the incorporation of sundry townships within the county, was granted, the boundaries being established and ordered for record, were named, to wit, Cambridge, Salt Creek and Falls, and also one petition praying an alteration of one line of Madison township, was granted and ordered on record." [Page 3, Commissioner's Journal, March 9th, 1808.]

The minutes of the proceedings, dated May 3d, 1823, show that Edward Halley, Nathan Frazee and Eli Sherman, Township Trustees, met and appointed Johnson Brewster, Samuel Bliss and Senet Ramey, Supervisors ; William Howell, as Viewer ; A. Briggs was Town Clerk, which position he filled for a number of years succeeding. The date of the first election is not given, but must have been prior to 1822, as Mr. G. P. Crumbaker remembers that John Brewster was a Justice of the Peace in that year. The earliest record of an election is under date of April 5th, 1824. At this time A. Briggs was again chosen Town Clerk, as were also Eli Sherman, Nathan Frazee and Edward Halley, for the second time, elected Township Trustees. The other officers chosen, were Z. R. Chandler (probably Zachary Chandler, spoken of in another part of this history) and John Reechey, Overseers of the poor ; Thomas Officer and John McCracken, Fence Viewers ; Noah Joseph, Constable and Appraiser ; and David Peairs, Treasurer.

February 17, 1825--At an election held this date, John Richey had thirty-eight votes for Justice of the Peace ; David Peairs, forty-six for the same office.

April 25, 1825—The receipts and expenditures of the township, for year ending with this date, was as follows :

April 4, 1825—The Trustees retained two dollars and twenty-five cents ($2.25) of the cash appropriated for road purposes, for their fees in expending same.

April 3, 1826-No receipts or expenditures in township, for year ending this date.

October 3, 1826-Warrant issued to warn Benjamin Pegg and family, Samuel Pegg, and Nancy Pegg, to depart the township as paupers. Constable's fee, $o.so.

April 11, 1829-The ear marks made use of by Robert McCracken, Sr., on his cattle, sheep and hogs, is a slit in the left ear, and a square notch out of the under side of the right ear.

November 9, 1838--Josiah Clapper bound his son Alfred, aged sixteen years and eleven months, to Michael Morrison, to learn the art, trade, and mystery of blacksmithing.

The boundary has been changed from time to time, as her territory has been diminished by the formation of other townships, and as the records concerning these changesi however imperfectly given by the Commissioners at the time, constitute a part of the recital concerning those town- ships, it is not deemed necessary, at this time, to give any but the present boundaries, to-wit. On the north by Perry chiefly, and a part of Union township ; on the south, by Blue Rock chiefly, and a fraction of Wayne township ; on the east, by Rock Hill township, and on the west by Wayne township.

Topographically, it is undulating, with but little of the old forest beauty, although some grand old trees remain to speak of the glory of other days. Salt Creek flows through from north to south, west into the Muskingum River, and has several important tributaries, the White Eyes Run being the chief. The township is consider- ed well watered. The predominance of salt in the leading stream, suggested the name for the township. The soil is locally called white oak and limestone, the significance of which is that it is largely clay, combining the elements of lime- stone, and is well adapted to wheat ; other cereals, however, do well there. Some localities are favorable to horticulture.

Salt was extensively made in this region, and, it is said, was known to the red men, when white men first appeared here. The principal salt wells were in the region, now the suburbs of

Chandlersville. In 1801-4, Eddy, Sprague, and Captain John Chandler, controlled this industry, furnishing salt to their neighbors for many miles around.

The first salt well was located near where McNeely's blacksmith shop now stands ; the water was drawn up by a sweep pole, and a half barrel, for a bucket, at which Mr. Reeve worked many a day. Many of the early settlers were en- gaged in salt making. After the well just alluded to, another was opened, and a company organized at Waterford, prominent among whom was Ezra Sherman, who brought sixteen kettles from Pittsburgh, for evaporating the salt water. These two wells seem to have created a rivalry of interest, for the companies worked them alternately, each a month.

A supposed vein of silver was found, in boring for salt, and without careful examination, men jumped to the conclusion that it was an Eldorado, in a grander sense, than the wealth of salt found by boring. A company called "the Muskingum Mining Company," was formed, under the management of Dr. Conant. They had “their trouble for their pains," as it was found that a sharper had salted a well with silver coin, ground up. The well in which the discovery was made, was within a short distance of the main street in Chandlersville.

The following Geological section was obtained in section thirteen, Salt Creek township :

Feet.

Inches.

1. Heavy Sandstone

2. Coal

3. Clay

4. Not exposed

5. Clay and iron ore

6. Shale

7. Limestone and iron ore

8. Shale, with nodules of siderite ore

The following geological section was obtained on the land of J. A. Clapper, section eight, in this township :

Feet

Inches

1. Finely laminated sandstone

2. Feruginous shale, with nodules of sidderite ore

3. Finely laminated black slate

4. Coal, Alexander seam

5. Clay

6. Limestone

7. Highly feruginous limestone, changing in places to siderite ore

This limestone, with its contained iron, might perhaps serve a good purpose as a flux in a blast furnace.

The following geological section was obtained in the hill by L. Pierce's, section eleven, Salt Creek township :

Feet

Inches

1. Buff shale

2. Coal, reported thickness

3. Clay

4. Not exposed

5. Shale

6. Sandstone

7. Shale

8. Clay and iron ore

9. Shale

10. Coal blossom

11. Clay

12. Not exposed

13. Finely laminated sandstone

14. Not exposed

15. Coal blossom

16. Clay

17. Coarse sandstone

18. Shale

4204

[Geological report, 1873, vol. I, pp. 338-9. E. B. Andrews, Assistant Geologist.]

The settlement of this village, the only one in the township of Salt Creek, is substantially the same as that of the township itself. It was laid out by John Stevens, who gave it the name it now bears, in honor of Captain John Chandler, one of the most public-spirited of the early settlers.

Within a stone's throw of the village, were located the salt wells, spoken of in another part of this chapter ; also, the famous silver mine.

At one time, the village gave promise of growing into importance. It once had a bank, and a good hotel ; now it has no bank.

Its present business, and other interests, are as follows : Three general stores, one devoted to drugs, one millinery shop, two blacksmith shops, one wagon shop, one steam saw and grist mill, two harness shops, one undertaker, four physicians, one dentist, one hotel, one good public school, one Methodist Church, one Presbyterian Church, a public hall, and a Lodge, each, of Masons, Odd Fellows, and Sons of Temperance.

The village is unincorporated. In 188o, the population was two hundred and fifty. It is connected with Zanesville (distance, ten miles), by a daily line of mail and passenger hacks ; fare, forty cents.

The organization of this society was effected by Elder Hewey Pringle and Daniel Horton, September 14th, 1811, at the residence of the last named gentleman. The society then had ten members. In the Constitution are the following named : Henry Pringle, David Horton, Isaiah Culver, Samuel White, Phoebe Horton, Nancy Culver, Ruth Wartenby, Rachael Brown.

On the day the church was organized, Evan Crane, James Montaina, Mary Pringle, and Phebe Stenrod, were admitted by baptism. All these are now debeased.

For eleven years after the organization was effected, Rev. Henry Pringle was pastor.

The first church was built of hewn logs, and stood upon the site of the present building. This early church was a two-storied structure. It had a gallery and was comfortably seated, and sufficiently large to accommodate the congregation.

For four years following 1821, G. C. Sedwick was pastor. In 1825, William Sedwick accepted a call, and continued with the congregation for twelve years. During this gentleman's pastorate, the membership increased from sixty to one hundred and twenty-five. Reuben Berkley was' pastor from 1838 to January, 1842, when he died.

From 1842 to 1849, William Mears filled the pulpit. Next, came G. C. Sedwick (second time), for ten years. He was followed by S. L. Parsel, for one year, ending in March, 1861, when he, too, died. W. D. Siegfried followed Mr. Parsel, and remained until April, 1863. Following this gentleman, was Rev. A. J. Amerman, for two years. B. Y. Siegfried next served the society for a few months, when he. resigned (1805).

The more recent pastors have been as follows : C. N. Harford, James Herbert, Thomas M. Erwin (five years), J. A. Davies, George Swanhart, and the present incumbent—J. Chambers.

This school is in connection with the church having the same name. It has been established many years, has a library of one hundred and fifty, or more, volumes, and is in a fairly prosperous condition.

n 1867, sixty scholars were enrolled. At that time, George Martin was Superintendent. In 188o, George Smith filled that office.

In the year 1812, a non-sectarian Sabbath School was formed, consisting of two Bible classes, taught by Elder Curray and Rev. Mr Dale. The place of4meeting was a log school house, then in the western suburbs of Chandlersville. This little school struggled on, meeting with but little success, until 1825, when it was organized, and Samuel Rose appointed Superintendent.

In 1826, Dr. James Thompson was chosen Superintendent, and served six years. The school then held its summer sessions in an old frame building, bought of the Muskingum Mining Company, and, in the winter, returned to the log school house, mentioned above.

In 1832, John Moore was elected Superintendent. From 1836 to 1842, Dr. Robert Marshall held this office.

On the completion of the Chandlersville Presbyterian Church, (1834), the school ,met in this edifice, and continues to do so. From time of meeting in this church, the school has been known as the Chandlersville Presbyterian Sunday School ; but in point of fact is now, and ever has been, non-sectarian. Llewellyn Howell was superintendent from 1842 to 1848. Others having held this office, are : M. Morrison, Horace Chandler, Dr. H. S. Nye, Wm. Price, Rev. John Kelley, (for a few weeks only), H. N. Chandler, W. J. Chandler, John Morgan, Robert Hunter, Dr. Henry Dennison, F. R. Moorhead, Isaac Martin, R. P. Chambers, and A. P. Vogt. Isaac Martin is now, (Sept. 1880), for the second time, acting Superintendent. While Dr. Nye was Superintendent, the school, probably, reached its zenith. It then began keeping a record of its proceedings ; also made valuable additions to its library. The present average, attendance is about seventy pupils.

The history of evangelization reveals the fact, that about the time the pioneer was reckoned an integer of a new settlement, that settlement was. visited by a Methodist preacher.

The M. E. Church, at Mansfork, in Salt Creek township.—As early as 1812, Rev. James Watts.

preached at this point, and formed a class ; in 1818, Thomas A. Morris preached at Eli Sherman's, about two miles west of the present meet-

ing house. (Morris was afterwards elected a Bishop of the M. E. Church.) The class consisted of Eli Sherman, Margaret Sherman, Mrs. Frazier, Levi Reeve, Sarah Reeve, John A. Grandstaff, Bathsheba Grandstaff, Jacob McLain and Elizabeth McLain. They were joined by John and Catharine Ward, who were the first probationers. The first to join by letter were John and Rebecca Outkelt. And it was at their house where preaching was done for many years, until the first church, a hewed log structure, was built, in 1829.

"The Chandlersville appointment" began soon after that of Mansfork, and was the subject of much prayer and patient toil, by Wm. Knox, who began his labor in 1816. That he made a good impression is evident, from the fact that the conference, to which he belonged, sent thither, successively, zealous laborers, to cultivate the vineyard. John Waterman, 1817 ; John Vivis, and Samuel Glaze, in 1818 ; Thomas A. Morris, and Charles Elliot, in 1819 ; S. R. Brockunier, and Samuel Gilruth, in 1820 ; Jacob Hooper, and Archibald McElroy, in 1821 ; Leroy Swormstedt, M. M. Henkle, and David Young, in 1822 ; Burrows Westalee, and J. P. Durbin, in 1823 ; William Cunningham, and Thomas Beachman, in 1824 ; Ed. H. Taylor, and Asa Brown, in 1825 ; Z. H. Coston, and Michael Ellis, in 1826 ; C. Springer, and J. Callahan, in 1827-8 ; Joseph Carper, in 1828-9 ; W. B. Christie, 1829 ; A. M. Gordon, and Gil- bert Blue, in 1830 ; Jacob Delay, and Wm. Young, in 1831 ; J. W. Gilbert, L. P. Miller, in 1832 ; J. McMahan, Samuel Harvey, Cyrus Brooks, and Hiram Gearing, in 1833 ; Henry S. Fernandiz, in 1834-5 ; D. Woodbridge, and A. Carroll, in 1835-6 ; James Gurley, in 1837 ; George Fate, and Joseph S. Brown, in 1838 ; James Armstrong and Abner Goff, in 1839-40 ; L. H. Jennings, in 1840 ; T. R. Ruckle, in 1841, and under his administration the new church at Chandlersville was er.ected, although not finished for some years afterward. It has been repaired from time to time, and is in a comfortable condi- tion. In 1842, A. Magee, and L. Petty came ; in 181+ Chester Morrison ; 1844, Walter Athey ; 1845, I. V. Baird ; 1846, David Cross ; 1847, C. E. Weirick ; 1848, J. J. McIliar ; 1849, James C. Taylor, and P. K. 1VIcCure ; 1850, D. P. Mitchell ; 1851-2, John Hare ; 1853-4, Robert Boyd, and under his ministry the church at Sugar Grove was built ; it was a frame, and superseded the log structure that was built in 1829. 1855-6, Hosea McCall ; Richard Cartright, Walter Bell, and John Mason ; Jacob Young was Presiding Elder, from 1816 to 1820, and Jona- than Stancher, from 1820 to 1821 ; Jacob Young, from 1821 to 1826 ; David Young, from 1826 to 1830 ; Leroy Swormstedt, from 1830 to 1834 ; John Levee, from 1835 to 1836 ; David Young, from 1836 to 1840 ; R. O. Spencer, from 1840 to 184.1 ; E. H. Taylor, from 1841 to 1845 ; Samuel Roarer Brockumer, from 1848 to 1849 ; James C. Taylor, from 1849 to 1853 ; James Henderson, from 1853 to 1857 ; F. Moffit, from 1857 to 1861; J. Higgins, from 1861 to 1862 ; H. Miller, from 1862 to 1866 ; L. McGuire, from 1866 to 1871 ; A. W. Butts, from 1871 to 1872 ; S. M. Hickman, from 1872 to 1876 ; and A. H. Norcross, from 1876 to 1880. In 1857, the pastor in charge, was W. P. C. Hamilton ; 1858, Madison Close ; 1859-60, Henry Snyder, Andrew Hueston ; 1861- 2, I. N. McAbee, W. Brady ; 1.863, J. B. Taylor, W. Gamble ; 1864-5, N. C. Worthington, Jesse Evans, Hugh Edwards ; 1866, Hugh Edwards ; 1867, A. D. McCormick ; 1868, A. C. Williams ; 1869, H. H. Hagans ; 1870-3, R. S. Strahl; 1873 to 1875, D. Gordon ; 1875 to 1877, D. C. Knowles ; 1877 to 1879, J. W. Robins ; 1880, George M. Wilson.

Chandlersville and Sugar Grove appointments were formerly in Norwich Circuit, and, in 1869, were joined with Fairview and Duncan's Falls appointments, and known as Duncan's Falls Cir- cuit, with H. H. Hagans, pastor in charge ; he was succeeded as stated above. We are indebted to Geo. M. Wilson for the foregoing data.

Abigail Bingham and Nira Chandler taught a school in Salt Creek township, in 1812-13, in the suburbs of Chandlersville, near Christian Plant's residence, in a conventional log temple. Miss Chandler subsequently became the wife of John Hammond, who, at a later date, taught school in the same building. Mr. G. P. Crumbaker is one of a small number surviving, who attended this school. About 1814, Thomas Jordan, (some of the old settlers think his name was John,) taught school in this same log school house. Thomas Brady, of Rich Hill township, and "Jerry" Warne's widow were pupils in that school. They were each eighty years old in 1880.

About 1823, Harriet Culbertson, daughter of John Culbertson, taught school in the old log building. Miss Scott and Mrs. Burnham taught there also.

April 23, 1825, the township was divided into eight school districts. No change has been made in this, except in the boundaries of some dis- tricts. These districts were soon supplied with a log school house, and inaugurated a six month's school in each. The present neat and commodious frame school houses were erected instead of the old log buildings, between 1855 and 1860, at a cost of a little more than $400 each.

The Chandlersville school was built in 186o, and cost $1,300. September 27th, 1879, the total number of children in the township, of school age, was three hundred and forty-seven. Of this number, one hundred and fifteen were en- rolled in the. Chandlersville school district. August 31st, 1879, the total value of school prop- erty was $3,500. The total expenses of the schools for the year ending on last named date, was $2,225.02. Seventeen teachers were employed for that year.

century rolled by, than the want of more reading material was declared, and steps taken for gathering a library for the public. This culminated in founding what was known as the "Franklin Society Library." The society accumulated quite a collection of books, and charged the moderate sum of two dollars for membership assessment, and one dollar annual fee thereafter. This society went down for want of sufficient funds to support it.

At as early a date as 1814 a religious body of the Presbyterian faith was organized. From the seed thus early sown, has sprung the prosperous and influential Chandlersville Presbyterian Church of to-day. In 1818, a Mr. Taylor occasionally preached, sometimes in one of the few log houses then existing, but oftener in " God's first temples," the groves. Rev. Mr. Baldridge was the first regular Presbyterian minister. He came soon after Mr. Taylor, possibly later in the same year. Like Mr. Tay-. for, Rev. Baldridge occasionally preached in the open air, but oftener in the dwelling of Abraham Warne. Some years later the society built a small frame house, which was used until the present brick church was completed. This old frame was eventually sold to one of the Chandlers, and used by him as a hotel stable.' "To what base uses, etc." The present brick edifice was built in 1834, by Samuel Anderson. The prominent members of the organization, on completion of the new house of worship, were Abraham Warne, John Moore, James and Llewellyn Howell, and Wm. Cooper. The seating capacity of the building is about four hundred ; present membership, one hundred and twenty-five.

Below are given, in the order in which they filled that position, the names of the regular pastors since 1834 :

Samuel Wilson, Thomas Gordon, Moses M. Brown, John P. Caldwell, John Kelley, Henry Fulton, M. L. Donohue, and D. M. Williamson, who now fills the pulpit.

This society, numerically the weakest in the township, dates its organization back to 1857-58. The first regular pastor was Rev. James Shreevs. Christian Plant and Mr. Williamson were two of the prominent members at the formation of the society. The first place of meeting was in what was then known as the "Eight-Square" schoolhouse, well remembered on account of its uncommon shape.

From his opposition to the Sons of Temperance, then very popular, Rev. Shreevs made himself somewhat obnoxious in the neighborhood, and, perhaps, delayed the early growth of the church. His ministration was of short duration.

In 1826, Mr. Plant donated to the society the ground upon which its present log house stands, and also aided in its erection. Its location is about two and one-half miles northwest of Chandlersville. Reverends Sisel, Cummings, and Forbyan, have, since the retirement of Mr. Shreevs, regularly filled the pulpit. The organization, in 1880, had no regular pastor. The greatest number of members has been thirty- two ; the present number, twenty-two.

In the village of Chandlersville are located all the secret and benevolent societies of the township. The Masons, Odd Fellows, and Sons of Temperance, have one Lodge. each, as follows :

This Lodge was instituted Jul 26th, 1870, and the charter issued October 9th, of the same year. The charter members were : William Frazee, W. G. Henderson, S. B. Reeder, Enos Smitley, 0. H. P. Crumbaker, B. F. Richey, M. R. McClelland, D. S. Sutton, S. J. Bliss, George Smith, Henry Ludman, G. R. Crumbaker, F. R. Moorehead, John Leedom. H. C. Smitley, Robert Linn.

The first officers chosen were : M. R. McClelland, W. M. ; F. R. Moorehead, S. W. ; Henry Ludman, J. W. In 1880, Robert McIntire was Master ; I. W. Robinson, S. W. ; and Jonathan Echelberry, J. W.

The Lodge meets monthly, on the Thursday/ evening preceding the full moon. There are forty-two members.

The charter was issued May r4th, 1857, and the Lodge instituted July 3d, of the same year. These names are in the charter : A. S. Kille, I. Britian, J. P. Safford, T. P. Crumbaker, F. S. Moorehead.

The first election resulted in the choice of the following officers : J. P. Safford, N. G. ; A. C. Kille, V. G. ; T. M. Crumbaker, Secretary ; I. Brittan, Treasurer.

In 1880, the Lodge met each Monday night, in Temperance Hall, and had thirty-seven members.

Chandlersville Division of Sons of Temperance, No. 325.—The charter of this body bears date August, 1847, and has upon it these names : J. C. Wolf, Peter LePage, T. S. Moore, R. C. Barton, H. S. Virden, C. Benjamin, Thomas Passmore, R. Marshall, M.D., William D. Colvin.

The Lodge owns its hall, as well as the building in which it is located ; is now (1880) in a fairly prosperous condition, and meets every Saturday evening.

ISAAC PRIOR-THE VENERABLE MRS. ELIZABETH BOGGS-PIONEERS-THE FIRST ROAD-THE NA- TIONAL ROAD - RAILROADS - FORMATION OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP-TOWNSHIP OFFICERS -BOUNDARIES OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP- TAVERNS-FIRST ORCHARD-FIRST HEWED LOG HOUSE-THE FIRST MARRIAGE-FIRST BIRTH- FIRST DEATH-FIRST MILL-FIRST COAL MINED -FIRST TANNERY-FIRST DISTILLERY-THE SCHOOLS-BLACKSMITH-FIRST STORE-WESLEY CHAPEL-VILLAGE OF JACKSON-PLEASANT GROVE M. E. CHURCH-BAPTIST CHURCH - WASHINGTON CHAPEL-LST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH-ST. JOHN'S UNION SUNDAY SCHOOL- MILITARY RECORD-GEOLOGY.

The history of this township, though not ex- tensive, is replete with interest, and dates back almost as far as any other in the county, and, fortunately, can be verified in the details here given, by persons yet living, particularly the venerable Mrs. Elizabeth Boggs, from whom many interesting incidents have been obtained, and who came here, with her husband, in 1805.

The first settler was Isaac Prior, who came with his family, from Pennsylvania, and settled on the Wheeling road, five miles from Zanesville, A. D. 1801 : the land is now owned by A. C. Howard. He made the first clearing, and plant- ed the first corn in the township. He built the first hewed log house, and kept the first tavern, or hotel—these terms had the same meaning.

John Dickson came soon after and built his cabin and cleared three acres, near "Three-mile Spring;" he, also, kept a place of entertainment.

John Slack, from Loudon county, Virginia, came in 1806, and built a hewed log house— which he roofed with shingles—about five miles from Zanesville, on land now owned by James Galloway. He, with his sons, Jacob and George, opened a Toad from his house to the Wheeling road, on the route now used as the Adamsville road. Jacob Slack drove the first team over that road, from his father's house to the Wheeling road.

Moses Boggs, from Delaware, came in 1865, and purchased land from Noah Zane, in the eastern part of the township. He had a family of six children—three boys and three girls. He was a County Commissioner from 1840 to 1843.

During this year, came, also, Joseph Evans and family, George Crain and family ; Joseph Vernon, wife, and twelve children ; John Echel- berger, Jacob Livingood, and Elijah Hart. The latter two were from Pennsylvania. John Wal- ters came soon after, probably early in 18o6, during which year General Robert McConnell, from Pennsylvania, came and settled on the land now owned by William Fox. It is said that these pioneers died on, or very near, the places they settled, excepting Robert McConnell, who removed to McConnellsville, which place he started.

John Spears came in 1810, and purchased the tavern stand formerly kept by Job Dickson, and kept tavern there until his death June 21, 1816, and the property was rented to George Huff.

George Swank, from Loudon county, Virginia, came in 1811, and located on the farm now owned by his sons. He is remembered as a very hospitable German, who delighted in entertain- ing his friends. He died in 1841.

The following are believed to have come here before 1816, but the time cannot now be fixed : Isaac Beatty, J. W. Spry, William McConnell, Spencer Lehew, John Price, George Jay, William Keatly, Albrt Cole, and Samuel Cassel ; and the Suttons and Batemans probably came before 1820.

Jonah Hague, from Virginia, came in 1822, with a family of fifteen children. L. McLain and John McCashlin came soon after.

The first road was opened by Jacob Slack, from what is known as Conrad's place to the old Wheeling road, intersecting the latter a short distance east of the ktte James Moore's farm. This was in the summer of 1806, and, in 1813, the Adamsville road was surveyed, and located on this tract ; it was the first county road in the township.

The National Road passes through the southern part of the township, a distance of six miles, and is the only pike in Washington township.

The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. passes across the township at its lower third, from one side to the other, and gives the benefit of that important road to the township, for all purposes. The "C. & M. V." traverses the western border of the township, crossing the "B. & O.," at Zanesville, and diverging from it at section five, in this township, having run parallel with that road from Zanesville to this point, thus giving the town- ship the benefits of competing lines to this point.

Gilbert Station, located on the C. & M. V. R. R., six miles from Zanesville, on the property of O. C. Shirtz, derives its name from Gilbert Beatty. In 1872, Mr: Shirtz built a storehouse, and started a postoffice, at this place. In 1875, he opened a general store, and built a large building for a flouring mill, and grain house ; this, however, has not been completed. Mr. Shirtz is the first and only postmaster. In 1879, he built a blacksmith shop. These enterprises constitute all there is, beside the railroad business, at Gilbert Station.

WEDNESDAY, June 5, 1822. The Commissioners met, agreeable to adjourn- ment, present, all three, as heretofore.

A petition having been presented, from a number of the inhabitants of Zanesville township, north of the military line, praying that a township may be struck off from the said Zanesville township, and the Commissioners, believing

the same necessary for the convenience of the inhabitants and township officers, whereupon, the Commissioners order a new township to be struck off, according to the following boundaries, to wit : Beginning at the southwest corner of township one, in range six, on the military line, thence running west with said military line, to the southwest corner of Beeford's farm, on the Wheeling road, thence north, with the west boundary line of Beeford's farm, until it strikes Joseph Sheets' land, thence west and north with the west boundar.y of said Sheets' land, to lands belonging to John Lehue's estate, thence west and north with the west boundary of Lehue's land, on the line between Lehue's land and Jeffrey Price, with said line northerly to Mill Run, thence down Mill Run to the Muskingum river, thence up the river till it strikes the east and west line, through the centre of township two, in range seven, thence east with said line between Jackson and Copeland's land, and on with said line until it strikes the range line between ranges six and seven at the northeast corner of the fourth quarter, of second township, in the seventh range, thence south with the range line, between range six and seven, to the place of beginning, which shall constitute a new township. to be called Washington township ; also, ordered that the Auditor advertise for an election, to be held at the house of Mathias Colshier, on the twenty-second day of June, instant, to elect a sufficient number of township officers, in, and for said township of Washington. [See Commissioners Journal of this date, pages 87 and 88.]

The first election held in Washington township, was at the house of Mathias Colshier, on the 22d day of June, 1822, for township officers. Joseph Evans, Anthony H. Woodruff, and George W. Jackson, were Judges, and John Howell, and Wm. Evans were Clerks.

As the result of this election, the following were declared to be the township officers, to wit :

Justices of the Peace—(The first elected August 10, 18220 George W. Jackson, and Moses Boggs.

On December 28th, 1822, Samuel Orr, Jr., Clerk, left the township, and the Trustees appointed John Howell in his place.

On April 7, 1823, A. H. Woodruff was appointed Assessor, and Leonard Lull, Lister.

The first claim against the township was in favor of Samuel Barstow, for burying John McCasky, December 28th, 1822 ; the amount received was $12.18.

The boundaries of Washington township are as follows : On the north by Madison township, south by Wayne township and a part of the city of Zanesville ; east by Salem and Perry townships, and west by the Muskingum river and Zanesville.

Topographically.—The variety of landscape is remarkable. The surface is generally undulating, with large areas of bottom lands of rich sandy loam, very productive and well adapted to garden products. The uplands are dotted with wood and field, and the entire township is well watered. Mill Creek, Coal Run, Blunt's Run and a number of smaller, nameless streams, penetrate the western portion of the township, and flow into the Muskingum river. And the eastern portion is watered by Little Salt Creek and its tributaries. Many of the pioneer cabins are still to be seen, in marked contrast with the pleasant homes of later times.

The first tavern, kept in what is now Washing- ton township, was by Isaac Pryor, who came from Pennsylvania in 1801, and located on the Wheeling road, five miles from Zanesville. He was a great hunter, and kept his table well sup- plied with all kinds of game.

Job Dickson came later in the same year, and opened tavern in a log cabin at "Three Mile Spring." He sold out in 1810, to John Speers.

Bates came in 1804, and opened tavern on Mill Run, but this is all we know of him.

William Manahan built a brick house for a hotel in 1832. It was located about four miles from Zanesville. It is now occupied by Samuel Smith, but not as a public house.

The days of taverns, as they used to he, have drawn to a close; and the name is seldom heard. The humblest effort at accommodation of the traveler, is dignified with the title of hotel.

built by Isaac Pryor, on the farm now owned by A. C. Howard, and the second, by John Slack, who came from Loudon county, Virginia, in 18o6. The latter was on land now owned by James Galloway, on section twelve.

Robert Slack was first elected Infirmary Director in 1875, and now fills that position.

The first death was Elijah Hart, who died in December, 1807. The second was Jane Slack, who died in 1817.

The first mill was a saw mill, built by William McConnell, in 1810. The second was by Wm. Beatty. The latter was run by ox power, (a tread mill). Place unknown.

The first coal mined in Muskingum county, was in Washington township, on Mud Run, by John Bates, in 1811. He hauled coal to ZanesYille and sold it by the bushel, one or more. In 1814, John Spears opened a bank and dug what he wanted for his own use.

The first school house was the conventional log building, with puncheon floor, slab seats and desks, and a fire place in imitation of the crater of a burning mountain. It was built in 1816, on land near were Bowers' and Vernon's farms corner, and on the former. The first teacher was Ellen Spinner. Samuel Cassel taught school in a similar temple on the Walton place, about the same time.

March, 1826, the Trustees divided the township into five school districts. District No. 1, contained twenty-four house-holders ; No. 2, contained thirty-one house-holders ; No. 3, twenty-four house-holders ; No. 4, eighteen householders ; No. 5, thirty-five house-holders. So that from the above recital, one school district has been added, and each has a school house and school.

The first blacksmith was John Price, but at what period is not now known, only that it was prior to 1820.

The first store was kept by Henry Conrad, on the site occupied by A. J. C. Bonus. This was about 1820.

This organization first appears on the minutes of this circuit, January ist, 1816. The first class, however, was organized about 1808. The early meetings were held in private houses and in groves. The homes of John Bowers, Joseph Bowers, Isaac Beatty and John Vernon, were among the places of meeting. The society continued to worship in this migratory manner until 1823,, when a hewed log building was erected for this purpose, and dedicated in the fall of that year. The building was built by the male members, who plied their own skill and teams, and raised the building. A few nails and a small quantity of glass added, and they had a meeting house free from debt. It was located on the farm owned by John Bowers, Sr., near the Perry township line, and was sometimes called "Bowers' Church." It was used as a place of worship until 1846, when a new house was erected on George Border's farm, in Perry township. This building cost about one thousand and sixty dollars. It is a frame structure, 40x58 feet.

Presiding Elder, Jacob Young, William Knox, John Waterman, Thomas Carr, John Tives, Samuel Glaze, T. A. Morris, Charles Elliott, James Gilruth, Samuel Brockunier, Jacob Hooper, Archibald McElroy, Leroy Swarmstedt, M. M. Henkle, B. Westlake, J. P. Durbin, David Young, William Cunningham, Thomas Beachem, E. H. Taylor, Ezra Brown, Z. H. Coston, Michael Ellis, C. Springer, J. Calihan, Joseph Carper, W. B. Christie, A. M. Lorane, Gilbert Blue, Jacob Delay, William Young, J. W. Gilbert, L. P. Miller, C. C. Lybrand, James McMahon, Samuel Harvey, C. Brooks, H. Gearing, N. S. Fernandes, Dudley Woodbridge, Andrew Carroll, James Gurley, George Fate, J. S. Brown, James Armstrong, F. H. Jennings, T. R. Ruckel, Andrew Magee, Ludwell Petty, Chester Morrison, Walter Athey, J. N. Baird, David Cross, E. H. Taylor, C. E. Weirick, P. H. McCue, D. P. Mitchell, M. W. Dallas, Robert Boyd, James McGinnis, John Hare, Noah Speck, J. H. White, Hosea McCall, W. D. Bell, John Mason, W. C. P. Hamilton, H. M. Close, Henry Snyder, Andrew Huston, I. N. McAbee, J. J. Brady,W. Gamble, N. C. orthoring, William Gamble, J. Evans, N. B. Edwards, F. W. Vertican, A. D. McCormick, J. E. Williams, T. C. Hatfield, D. C. Knowles, E. B. Webster, E. J. Smith, J. K. Rader.

The first Sabbath-school was organized byloseph Church, in the summer of 1833, and was only continued about three months, when it was given up until 185 i, when it was again organized by the Rev. D. P. Mitchell, with J. W. Spry as is in a prosperous condition superintendent. The school still continues, and

The village of Jackson was surveyed into lots, and recorded October 20, 1830 ; the site is on the land owned by Spencer Lehue, four miles east of Zanesville, on the National Pike. It is a quiet village, without a store, tavern, or post-office, and seems chiefly to serve as a monument of the engineering of Charles Roberts, who surveyed and platted it. If any one desires to avoid the bustle of life, and to enjoy the felicity of perfect quietness, where only the neighbor's gossip is likely to interrupt his philosophic, or other meditation, commend him to Jackson. This state of things has been maintained for the last half century, and it is likely to continue, so make a note of it for the benefit of tourists ; for surely they will rejoice to find a place that has neither been writ- ten up, nor sketched ; here is a virgin field for them.

The church was organized at the brick school house (on John Orr's farm), in 1842. A class was formed at that time,consisting of John Wall, Amanda Wall, James Walwork, Margaret Wal- work, Lucretia Brown, Patsy Shiflet, Lloyd Bishop, Mrs. Bishop, James Smith, Margaret Smith, and Nellie Hart. Stephen Schafer was class leader. The meetings were held in the school house about three months, and then moved to the tobacco barn of Wm. Brown, and were continued there about fifteen months, when the . present meeting house was finished. This edifice was the result of contribution of material, labor, or money, according to the ability of the donor. It was dedicated in the fall of 1843, by Rev. John Waterman.

Stephen Schafer, James Smith,John Wall, Jas. B. Smith, James McJurekin, Jonathan Collins, Turner Wolf, and John Gray.

A Sabbath-school was organized soon after the class, and numbered thirty scholars enrolled. The superintendents have been, Stephen Schafer, James Smith, John Wall, Robert Bailey, Turner Wolf, Washington Reed, and James Wall, the present incumbent. The present enrollment is fifty.

[CERTIFICATE.—John Wall certifies this to be the best account of the church and Sunday school that can be produced at this age of the world.]

The Baptist Church, otherwise denominated the Washington Township Baptist Church, was composed of a membership drawn from the church in Salem township. In 1842, a petition was presented to the Salem church, asking leave to organize a church in the township in which the petitioners lived, which was Washington. The petition was signed by the following persons: Samuel Barstow, A. H. Woodruff, Sr., Robert Combs, Amy Presgrave, James Miller, W. H. Barstow, A. H. Woodruff, Jr., Elga Combs, Mary Leach, Mary Cobb, Harriet Bate- man, Elizabeth Mears, Sarah Calahan, Willis Barstow, William Leach, Penrod Bateman, Elizabeth Bateman, John Bateman, Lemote Menefee, Jacob Slack, Hosea Woodruff, Margaret Ferrell, Ann P. Hunter, Peter Mears, Samuel Barstow, Jr., Martha Woodruff, George Barstow, Mary Balent, Mary A. Michael, Mary Barstow, Elizabeth Zett, Ann Hickman, Mary J. Dunmead, Mary D. Dun- mead, William Mears, Mary Martin, Britannia Presgrave, George Presgrave.

The petition was granted, and the new association thus formed built and consecrated a church in 1843, Rev. William Sedgwick being their pastor. He was assisted at this time by Rev. R. H. Sedgwick. The first clerk was George Presgrave. Soon after the church was organized, a Sabbath School was organized, with Samuel Barstow as Superintendent ; the school has been kept up and became an important adjunct of the church.

The Methodist Episcopal Church having this name, is located on the farm of Thompson Ha- gue, one and one-hzilf miles north of Coaldale. This society met in the Woodruff, or Barstow school house, until the erection of their present church edifice in 1848. Two of the class leaders following the formation of the society, were Isaac Franks and William Catlin. The various pastors who have filled the pulpit are as follows : Rev's. Wyrick, D. P. Mitchell, Robert Boyd, I. N. Macabee, Hamilton, Henry Snyder, Hus- ton, Hare, N. C. Worthington, Evans, Hugh Edwards, McCormick, Hatfield, Knowles, Web- ster, J. Q, A. Miller, Phillips, Anderson, Knight, Raider, and Hoover, the present incumbent.

The following named have been some of the more prominent members : Job Morgan, Jacob Walters, William McCashland, Albert Jones, Joel Jones, Robert Jones, Jonathan Malox, and Joseph H. Bowers. The present church is a neat frame building, 28x40. It was built by contributions of both material and labor, so that its cost can not be ascertained. When the church was built, it had a membership of twenty or twenty-five. At the present time, there are not more than fifteen members. As high as ninety-one members have been connected at one time with the society since its organization.

Previous to 1877, a flourishing Sunday School was connected with the church. Since that date, there has been none. The average attendance of scholars, used to be about sixty. The Super- intendents have been, Isaac Franks, Robert Jones, Peter Huffman, Josiah Keys and William McCashland.

This society first worshiped in a log house, situated on land leased of David Shick, in 1863, and who, in reality, donated the use of the land for thirteen years, receiving the least compensation known in law, the sum of one dollar, thus reserving his title to the site. This was on the

farm of Jesse Romine, Jr., one mile north of Jackson. The old church was torn down in 1876 and the present frame edifice erected, at a cost of $650.00, of which $400.00 was assumed by Samuel Shick.

In the early part of the church struggles, the membership numbered twenty-five, and it is now about double that.

The present church was dedicated by Rev. ____ Reck. The regular pastors have been Rev's. George Linsibaugh, William M. Gilbreath, Logan Gilbreath, John Bocker, George Shrieves.

Among the prominent members " in an early day," were Samuel Shick, John Hetzel, Allen Dunn, James McGee and Mrs. Elizabeth Hetzel.

St. John's Union Sunday School was organized prior to the formation of the church, in 1863, in the same cabin in which St. John's Lutheran Church worshiped. And it followed the fortune of the church, being, as all Sunday Schools truly are, a feeder to the church. The school is prosperous ; the number of scholars enrolled is, forty. The Superintendents have been Samuel Shick, James McGee, David Shick, A. Martin, Mrs. Maggie Shick, Miss Katie Boggs and John Mitzlett.

The perils of war are never courted, no matter how bravely men may talk. Yet no danger ever deterred the pioneer settlers of Washington from taking down their " fire-locks," when the enemy appeared near their borders. Indeed, many a time they had gone in quest of the red skins, who trespassed on the rights of their neighbors. And up to the close of the war of 1812, our pioneers were often underarms, and many of them laid their lives on the altar of sacrifice for their country. It is therefore to be regretted that a complete list of those who thus struggled for the liberties we enjoy, cannot now be given. The following persons are known to have been of that honored number :

Jacob Walters, John Walters, John Vernon, Jacob Slack, Benjamin Walters, Henry Mitchler, George Slack, John Bowers, George Cullen, George Swank, and Robert Boggs.

We are indebted to Eliiabeth Boggs, relict of Capt. Robert Boggs, for this list of names. Mrs. Boggs was a hale lady of eighty-two in 1880 doing her own work, and sometimes walked to Zanesville and back, a distance of ten miles, and did not complain.

William McConnell was also a Captain of this company, but we have no other information concerning him.

The patriot spirit descended from sire to son, and accordingly, when the war of the rebellion became a horrid fact, and the cry, to arms ! rang out o'er the land, it was heard in Washington township, and everywhere they responded, " here am I, send me !" They marched to the field at their country's call. For the sake of the firesides made desolate, and to emulate the example of the surviving heroes, we would like to present their names, but have to content ourselves with the Regimental Rosters, which do not specifically locate the home of the soldiers ; and we do not wish to offer even a complement that may be doubted.

Washington township lies northeast of Zanesville, and is intersected by the Central Ohio Railroad.

The following geological section, was taken at Coal Dale and Rocky Point, in this township :

Feet.

Inches

1. Shale

2. Coal

3. Not exposed

4. Siderite ore

5. Coal

6. Under clay

7. Not exposed

8. Laminated sandstone

9. Heavy sandstone,

10. Coal blossom

11. Siderite

12. Putnam Hill limestone.

13. Not exposed

14. Laminated sandstone

15. Shale

16. Cherry limestone

17. Slaty cannel coal

18. Not exposed

19. Blue sandy shale.

20. Limestone

21. Shaly limestone

22. Limestone, fossiliferous

23. Sandy shale

In the above section, Nos. 4, 5, and 6, were seen near Coal Dale, and the rest of the section at Rocky Point. In the slate over the upper coal, fine chonetes and other fossils, changed to pyrite, are found at Matthew's coal hank, in the north part of this township.

The following geological section was taken near the line between the corporate limits of Zanesville and Washington Township. The upper part, containing the Alexander coal-seam, was taken on the land of D. Hart :

Feet

Inches

1. Coal reported

2. Clay

3. Laminated sandstone and shale

4. Coarse sandstone.

5. Finely laminated sandstone and shale

6. Coal

7. Clay

8. Laminated sandstone.

9. Siderite ore

10. Shale, bituminous

11. Coal

Feet

Inches

1. Shale

2. Slaty coal

3. Clay

4. Coal

5. Clay

6. Sandy limestone

The coal has a good reputation for household use, and is extensively used along the line of the National road.-[Geological Report, 1873, volume I, pp. 329-330-I ; E. B. Andrews, Assist- ant Geologist.]

In the geological report of the State of Ohio, vol. 3, page 250, we find the following :

At Wharton's coal works, and at Coal Dale, about two and one-half miles from Zanesville, we have the following section exposed :

Coal number six, only, is mined here, as num- ber five yields a coal of too poor quality to be marketable. Near this locality, a cannel coal, probably coal number four, is seen in the bed of the creek, and is eighteen inches thick. The two beds, six and five, are seen on the property of Moses Robinson, and on that of Messrs. Fisher and Mangold, near the Adamsville road. They are each three and one-half feet thick, but the upper one alone is now worked. Number five was formerly mined by stripping, on Mr. Robinson's property, near the school house.

About eight miles north from Zanesville, Mr. David Matthews' mines coal No. 6, which shows :

Feet

Inches

1. Slaty Coal

2. Coal

3. Clay

4. Coal

4-6

The coal above the parting is very pure, and makes an excellent coke, very compact, and handsome. Two coking ovens were in use at the time of examination, and two more were be- ing built. Below the parting, the coal is very poor, and often it is two-thirds pyrites. Streaks of pyrites occur occasionally in the coal above, but are very thin, and not extensive. Mr. Mat- thews ships about sixteen hundred tons per month. A specimen of his coal yields the fol- lowing:

Specific gravity

Moisture

Volatile combustible matter

Fixed carbon

Ash

Total

Sulphur

Sulphur remaining in coke

Sulphur forming in coke

Fixed gas per pound, in cubic foot

Character of coke

Color of ash

1.318

3.10

37.50

56.50

2.90

100 00

3.02

1.48

2.49

3.56

Compact

Fawn

A short distance further up the river; on the property of Mr. L. Menefee, the following sec- tion was obtained :

Feet

Inches

1. Shale and sandstone partly concealed

2. Coal No. 6

3. Fire-clay and shale

4. Iron ore

5. Shale

6. Sandstone

7. Coal No. 5

8. Shale

9. Sandstone

10. Iron ore

11. Gray limestone

12. Coal No. 4

13. Shale

14. Blue cherty limestone

15. Shale

16. Coal No. 3

17. Sandstone

18. Blue limestone

19. Coal No, 3

1-4

Feet

Inches

1. Cannel coal

2. Coal

3. Clay

4. Coal

Mr. Menefee claims that the bed is entirely. free from pyrites, and that neither streaks nor nodules have ever been seen. The entry has been driven only forty feet, and has ,hardly reached sound coal, so it would be injudicious to speak positively in this connection. The coal is quite pure, shows little tendency to break up on 'exposure, and exhibits no incrustation of copperas on the outcrop. Fifteen feet below the coal is a bed of iron ore three feet thick, containing about eighteen inches of what has been pronounced an excellent ore. A specimen was procured for analysis, but, unfortunately, has been mislaid. At the time this locality was visited, Mr. Menefee was negotiating for the sale of this bed to a Zanesville firm, at a royalty of thirty cents per ton. The deposit is evidently extensive, as it was traced from this point east, and north, through the township to the opening in coal number six, belonging to Mr. White, on the Adamsville road. The horizon is one at which ore is. found at numerous localities throughout the coal field in the State, and the deposit here merits careful attention.

This is the most northerly point at which coal number five has been seen in the county ; nor, indeed, has it been seen east or west of this township. Though identifying this bed with coal number five, of the State section, I doubt the propriety of so doing, especially as there is no associated rock by which to prove its identity. It would seem more probable that it is an intercalated bed, if one may judge from its sudden origin, and expansion. It is absent over a greater part of Muskingum and Guernsey counties, in localities where both numbers six and four can be recognized without a doubt. Coal number four is of no importance, and was observed at no,

THE above cut represents the building occupied by Lemert & Brammar, Merchant Tailors, Dresden, Ohio. They keep constantly on hand a good supply of foreign and domestic piece goods, from which they can suit the most critical, and furnish the most indigent with custom made clothing, They are generous in prices, and genteel in their way of dealing. One particular feature that demands the patronage of all, is that they can fit as neatly and artistically as can be done in the large cities, and always in the latest styles. They solicit the patronage of all, and feel sure that when once received they will retain it, and customers will not go elsewhere for either goods or well made and well fitting garments.

other locality. Here it consists of cannel, three inches ; bituminous coal, four inches.

Coal number three, though here only twenty- two inches thick, becomes thirty inches at an- other point about a mile east from Mr. Menefee's, where it is worked. It is highly esteemed by some, as it makes a cheerful fire. A layer of bi- tuminous coal, three inches thick, is found at the bottom.

The limestones are all blueish. The gray limestone is apt to be shaly, is less tough, and more granular than those below. It has been used successfully as a flux. The middle limestone is cherty, with the flint irregularly distributed through it. Near Mr. Matthews' coal works, the limestone is absent, being replaced by the flint. The ore, so well marked in Madison, Jackson, Licking, and Muskingum, is absent here, or rather is only traceable by means of a few scattered nodules accompanying the chert. The ore resting upon the gray limestone is of no value, being imbedded in sandstone. The sandstones along the river, between numbers six and four are compact, and would doubtless be excellent for building purposes.

Coal number seven, was seen at only one point. It is seventy-five feet above number six, and is not more than nine inches thick. South of the Central Ohio Railroad it is mined extensively, and is four to five feet thick.

WHO THE MELODIES OF MORN CAN TELL ?–“YE PIONEER"-PUBLIC ROAD-SALT WORKS-BLACK- SMITH-SCHOOLS-FORMATION OF THE TOWNSHIP-ELECTION "VIVA VOCE" DECLARED ILLEGAL-ELECTION 1827 - TOPOGRAPHY - FIRST FRAME HOUSE-FIRST BRICK HOUSE- "BETHESDA" M. E. CHURCH-FAIRVIEW M. E. CHURCH - THE FIRST SAW MILL-ZION EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH-ADAMS TOWNSHIP BAPTIST CHURCH.

"Ye pioneer," enamored with the music of the babbling stream, or the feathered songsters overhead, had no temptation for the formalities of life, beyond the needful duties of .the field and home, and passing his life as a -soliloquy, ever formulating a dreamful similitude to natures artless arts, deigned not to record the doings of either ; and hence the absence of any chronicle indica.ting who the first visitors of this paradise were.

The first settlers who were of "a different make up," were James Wilcox, David Brellsford and Hugh Ballentine. They settled on Wills Creek, in the northeast corner of the present township of Adams, about 1810. It is thought that Benjamin Whitabury, with his step-sons, John and William Campbell, came about the same time. Abraham Wisecarver came and located on the northwest quarter of section eighteen,, about 1814. Caleb Bedwell, Samuel Monroe, Robert Osborn and William Barton, are remembered as early settlers.

Valentine Shirer, from Pennsylvania, settled on the northwest quarter of section sixteen, in the year 1817, and Anthony Slater settled on the northeast quarter of section twenty-one, in 1818. These are the oldest citizens living.

The most important event that aided in the settlement of the township, was a public road. The first road cut through Adams township, was from the settlement on Symmes' Creek to Otsego, in Monroe township. James Sprague and sons cut this road, in 1812. The next was a road sur- veyed from Cambridge, in Guernsey county, to the salt works at the Tonal of Will's Creek, that ran through Adams township. This was in 1818. And another, from the vicinity of the locality now occupied by Adamsville, to Marquand's Mill, about 1820.

Observing the chronological order of events adopted in this work, the next event was to pre- pare for the education of the children.

The first school house stood on land belonging to Emanuel Minnick, near the site occupied by the town house of to-day. The first teacher was William Jennison, from New England, who taught school here in 1820. He was succeeded by Thomas Barclay. There are now four schools in the township. The school houses are all frame and in good condition, supplied according to the custom of our-common school system.

The first marriage in the township was probably solemnized between David Shirer and Lydia Gaumer, in 1822.

The first blacksmith was David Brellsford. His shop was on section two. This was in 1810. Phineas Tomlinson had a fire and made the sparks fly "in an early day."

"A petition was presented by Caleb Jordan:, signed by a number of citizens of Madison and Monroe townships, setting forth that they labor under many difficulties and disadvantages in consequence of the distance they have to travel to elections, and praying that a township may be set off of part of Monroe and Madison townships. and the Commissioners believing the prayer of the petitioners necessary for the convenience of the inhabitants an township officers, do hereby order a new township, to be set off according to the following boundaries, to-wit : Beginning at the northeast, corner of Salem township line, and running thence west along said line to the northwest corner of said township, thence north to Coshocton county line, thence east to the north-

west corner of the original survey of township number three, in the fifth range, thence south to the place of beginning ; comprising the original surveyed township number three, in the sixth range, Military Land, which shall constitute a new township, to be called Adams township. Also ordered by the Commissioners, that an election be held at the house of Caleb Jordan, Esq., on the 1st day of January next, being January ist, 1827, to elect township officers for the township.

Accordingly, the voters congregated at the house of Caleb Jordan, which was on the south- east quarter of section fourteen, and elected, viva voce, a full set of officers, except Justices of the Peace. Caleb Jordan was, at that time, Justice of the Peace in Madison, and Anthony Slater, Justice in Monroe, (both included in the new township).

This election, however, was declared null, as "viva voce" was not the legal mode of voting, and a new election was ordered. The place ap- pointed was the house of John Campbell, on the northwest quarter of section eighteen, near the present town house, to take place on the 2d day of April, 1827. James Wilcox, Anthony Slater and Jesse Roe, were appointed Judges of elec- tion, and Caleb Jordan, Clerk. The election re- sulted as follows :

The first Grand Juror was Jesse Roe ; the first Petit Juror was Matthew Humphrey.

The election of 1829 was held at the house of Adam Miller, afterwards alternating between private houses and school houses, until 1876, when a Town House was built, on the northeast quarter of section eighteen, on land belonging to Mary Stewart.

The following persons have served as Justice of the Peace, according to the dates affixed to their respective names ; dates abbreviated :

Anthony Slater, Oct. 7, '26 ; Caleb Jordan, Oct. 28, '26 ; Samuel Sutton, Oct. 22, '35 ; William Willis, Oct. 17, '38 ; John Briels, Oct. 23, '38 ; Anthony Slater, Oct. 20, '41 ; J. H. Barclay, Oct. 16, ‘44 ; George Wertz, Oct. 26, '47 ; Robert Haesty, April 15, '50 ; Caleb Jordan, Oct. 19, '50 ; James Vandervert, April 18, '53 ; Henry Stewart, Nov. 4, '53 John Darner, Oct. 27, '56 ; Thomas Pitcher, Oct. 26, '59 ; H. V. Slater, Oct. 23, '71 ; John Ross, April II, '72 ; Henry Stewart, April' '72; John Darner, April II, '75 ; W. S. Bell, April 11, '75 ; W. H. Ruse, April 12, '78 ; G. W. Bell, April 12, '78.

Supervisors—Wm. McCormick, John Hahn, Charles Schmueser, A. W. Bell, Michael Sauer, George McDowell, George Ripple, William Ed- wards, and David Knicely.

Adams township was named after John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States, born at Braintree, Massachusetts, on the iith of July, 1767. His character was formed under the ennobling influences of a cultured home, and develdped amid rare social and literary advantages. The influence of his parents is apparent in the development of his moral and intellectual nature, and it is altogether likely a better Patron Saint could not have been found.

The township is skirted on the north by Wills creek, and the northern portion is broken and rough. The southern part is more even, and sim- ilar to Salem. Wills creek drains the northern, and Symmes creek the southern and western portions. Coal is found accessible with but little mining, in several partsuf the township, and the usual varieties of forest trees, but not in large quantities.

The soil is clay and sand, the latter predomi- nating in the low lands, and is generally fertile, especially under the tillage of the industrious German farmer, in the northern part, who thor- oughly cultivates his land.

The first-brick house was built in 1834, by Jacob Gaumer, Jr., on the southwest quarter of section twenty-three, and is now occupied by G. W. Bell, Esq.

Anthony Slater introduced the first threshing machine, and the first mower, into this township.

There are no thoroughbred cattle in this township, although there are some fine "grades."

The first class was organized by Joseph Carper and Cornelius Springer, in 1827, at Jesse Roe's .school house (where the Baptist church now is). It was composed of Jesse Roe and Margaret, his wife, and their son Thomas ; James Stewart and Margaret, his wife, and their son John ; Mordecai Edwards and Phebe, his wife William Barton and Jane, his wife, their son Alexander, and daughter Sarah ; and Caleb Bedwell and wife. James Stewart was the leader.

This was a branch from the Wheelen Church, in Madison township. A lot was donated, for

church purposes, situated near the centre of section fifteen, and a log church, twenty-six by thirty, was erected thereon, in 1835, and dedicated by Rev. H. S Fernandes. The land used for burial purposes—adjoining the church site—was bought by Robert Shields and Robert Haesty, before the church was built. The first burial therein was. Jonathan Reed's child.

A new frame church, thirty-eight by forty-two, was erected iu 1856, at the same place. The present number of members is ninety. The leaders are Nathan Ross, John Foster, and Samuel W. Sutton, Jr.

The first class was organized at the house of Mordecai Edwards, about the year 1830, and was composed of Mordecai Edwards and wife, John Stewart and Mary, his wife ; Joseph Green and wife, William Hillen and Cynthia, his wife ; Basil Ridgeway and Mary, his wife ; James Stewart, Sr., James Stewart Jr., and Margaret, his wife ; and A. Ross.

In 1834, Mr. Edwards donated one acre of ground for a church site, on the northwest quarter of section twenty-two, and, in 1835, a log church, twenty-six by thirty, was erected thereon. The congregation erected a handsome frame church, in 1855.

The present membership numbers eighty-four. The leaders are William Edwards and W. H. Ruse. The steward is William Edwards ; the local preacher, Nixon Stewart ; the circuit preachers, H. M. Rader and J. R. Hoover.

The first sawmill was built by David Swigert, on the southeast quarter of section twenty-three, in 1833. The next was built by David Brellsford, on a small stream ljearipg his name, and which empties into Wills creek, on section two. This mill was built about 1835. The stream dews not supply water enough to do much business.

William Willis built a sawmill, on Symmes creek. It was built near where Mr. P. Wahle Lives, but the time is not known.

This church was organized by Rev. Fred. Minner, in 1839, with the following membership : John Vollmer and wife, Jacob Fiers and family, Martin 'Sauer and family, Michael Strohecker and family, Adam Shroyer, John Denny, Martin Zimmers, David Grass, Christian Gerwig, John Hahn, Henry Lapp, Jacob Roller, Phillip Moser, Michael Grass,. Henry Smiih, and Michael Thresh. Pastors—Reverends Minner, Gehbel, Kretz, Kaemmerer, Schnell, and Schmidt.

February 22d, 1840, Valentine Sandel deeded a lot of ground, situated in the southeast quarter of section.nine, to Daniel Moser, John Vollmer, and Adam Shroyer, Trustees, on which a hewed log church, twenty-six by thirty, was built, in 1841.

The services were conducted in the German language, until 1868, when, owing to the young membership being educated in the English language, it became necessary to adopt the English language. Rev. A. N. Bartholomew was the first pastor employed to preach in English. This was regarded as an innovation by some, who stoutly resisted, and remained faithful to the past, such as they were accustomed to, and a division occurred. The " conservatives " became a corporate body, under the title of " The Evangelical Lutheran, and Reformed Zion Church," and, as such, held the old church and burying ground.

In 1872, Jacob Sandel donated one acre of ground, just north of the church, and a committee was appointed, consisting of Frederick Roerick, Valentine Thresh, and Jacob Sandel, and the same year a new frame church, 36x50 was erected, at a cost of $2,000. The corner stone was laid, September 22, 1872, by Rev's. G. W. Mechling, and J. P. Hentz, and the church was dedicated October 5th, 1873, by the Rev's. G. W. Mechling and W. P. Rutterauff, assisted by the pastor, Rev. J. Weber.

To this new building a majority of the members moved. Rev. I. NT. Bartholomew became the pastor, in October, 1869, and left in October, 1870. Rev. J. P. Hentz was pastor from April, 1871, to April 1873 ; and Rev. John Weber from that date to the present.

The present number of members is fifty. The Elders are, George Stiner, and Jacob Sandal.

The old organization employed Rev. John Brown to preach for them, but are at present without a pastor.

This society was organized March 3d, 1855, by Elder William Sedwick, and E. W. Handel, with the following membership : John Darner, Rebecca Darner, Jacob Darner, Abigail Darner, Henry Darner, Elizabeth Darner, Elizabeth Clossen, Mary Clossen, Rebecca McKinney, Elizabeth Hawk, Elizabeth Laton, Abraham Gray, Francis Gray, Judson M. Darner, Angeline Darner, Abigail Sturtz, and Mary Matchett. John Darner was Clerk, until 1873, when J. M. Darner was appointed. John Matchett was ordained Deacon, April 22d, 1827. Rev. Eli Frey became pastor, July 28, 1872, and was succeeded by Rev. W. M. Marshall, March 4, 1876, and was followed by Rev. J. C. Skinner. September 1, 1879, Rev. Lyman Mears was installed pastor, and is the present incumbent.

The membership numbers thirty-eight. The Trustees are, Joseph Mears, John Matchett, and Wm. McCormick.

A substantial frame church, 28x34, was erected on the northwest quarter of section 7, in 1855, and they continue to worship there.