50 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. on the roads and killed with their tools. Deer and turkeys remained as late as 1840, but few of either are seen now east of the Black Swamp, in the northwest part of the State. The disappearance of certain animals was the signal for the arrival of others. The gray fox appeared and became numerous. In time this animal gave way to the small, active red fox. In 1819, the people grew accustomed to seeing vast flocks of wild pigeons flying over the county. Flock after flock—their line reaching as far as the eye could penetrate—followed in swift succession, flying westward and returning. Their number was incalculable; and when descent was made “upon the new-sown as" wheat in fall, the clash of countless wings, as they rose in a blue cloud, gave forth a sound like muffled thunder. During the same year an immense-migration of squirrels south took place. In their instinctive route they reached the banks of the Muskingum. The stream proved no bar to their progress: they swam across by thousands; and the men and boys of the time, armed with sticks, killed many as they reached the farther bank exhausted. In these prosperous days of fractional currency and sound banking, the expedients of the old-time citizens to secure change are truly. interesting. The demand for small money authorized a resort to cutting coin in quarters. The quarter cut in four pieces gave as many picayune bits; in two pieces, a pistareen for each. It was no unusual matter for five quarters to be made from one piece, and a financial gain resulted to the operator. This cut money continued till the issue of paper, which drove .all silver out of the country. As a memento of the early days at Zanesville, we have before us a dingy piece of paper, three by five inches in dimensions, printed by Putnam & Clark, and bearing date of January 23, 1816. It is embellished by a wood-cut of Zanesville market house, is numbered fifty-one, and reads as follows: "We .promise to pay the bearer fifty cents in current bank paper, when a sum is presented to either of us to the amount of one .dollar. John Notich, William Craig." Originally the amount was "five," but erased and written "one." John Mathews was the founder of the Moxahala mills. Useful and liberal, he was invaluable to Muskingum county. While the tide of immigration was sweeping westward, and the country was filling up, the traveler and new settler consumed the surplus produce of the pioneers at liberal prices; but when the lands were entered, and the farmers had raised more than they needed, grain became a perfect drug. The channels of commerce were then un opened, no rattling freight train bore eastward the products of Muskingum, no steamboat's puff was'ileard upon the river, and the National road had no existance, even as an idea. The only outlet for trade was by flat-boats down the Muskingum, Ohio, and Mississippi to New Orleans, a journey then equal to one now around the world. A shipper to New Orleans had to return the journey of weeks through the wilderness or take ship for New York, and journey over the mountains home. Oats sold at ten to twelve cents per bushel; wheat brought twenty-five to thirty-five cents, payable in store goods. People could not raise money to buy salt, a cash article, nor to pay taxes. In this dilemma Mathews bought wheat at fair prices, payment to be made on getting return from New Orleans. His extensive mill machinery employed many hands. He ran his two saws night and day: His grist and merchant mills required constantly the services of a number of men. Many an old farmer would willingly bear witness to the benefit, derived to the county by the business habits of Mr. Mathews. Moses, Dillon, a Quaker by birth and a mason by trade, came to Muskingum in 1806, from Baltimore, and purchased a large tract of land, including the falls of Licking, four miles ,west of Zanesville, and erected a furnace and forge at the upper fall for the manufacture of iron. Wood assumed a value, and the ores became subjects of interest. Iron was scarce, and Dillon sent out wagons to purchase in neighboring counties. The furnace was a valuable and enduring enterpriie, of immense influence to the county. The water-power at the mouth of the Licking was owned by Isaac Zane. The land on the Licking above him was the property of General Van Horne, who, in the fall of 1806, began to erect a dam over the stream on his premises. Zane also erected a dam on his falls, and the lower one rendered the upper worthless. A lawsuit was prospective, when Dillon made a purchase of both dams independent of the lands, and so ended the threatened contest. John Dillon, the oldest son of Moses, was his principal manager. Isaac Dillon, the youngest son, when the old furnace was abandoned for lack of material, erected mills at the mouth of the Licking. He was the first to introduce fine stock into the county. The first agricultural fair in Muskingum was mainly his work. He was the soul and spirit of the Horticultural society, devoted to improving fruit. The Zane trace was the longest road in the territory now known as the State of Ohio, and extended over 200 miles. It soon became a HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 51 leading central route from the East to the Southwest. In the pioneer days all the country round about Zanesville was a wilderness and the road a mere trail. The Indians were kind to their white neighbors, sharing with them their food and aiding them in their work. Several squaws gave help to and received assistance and instruction from the settlers' wives. Only one white man was killed by Indians in this vicinity. His name was Johnson, and his death was a retaliation upon a company to which he belonged for having.killed one or two of the Indians as the settlers were passing westward. Remains of Indian labor were abundant in flint fragments lying scattered over the ground in and about Zanesville and other points within the borders of the county. At Dresden was an extensive Indian burying ground, and the habitations of the Caucassian race began to dot the landscape before the aborigines had yielded their reluctant hold. The Indians left the Muskingum country and went to the Northwest in 1803. Smucker inclines to the belief that the first white person who was born in Ohio first saw the light in this county. His statement concerning this and other claims to the same distinction is extracted from the annual report of the secretary of state for the year 1877: " Considerable effort has beer made by various persons, to ascertain, if possible, who was the first white child born within the present limits of Ohio, also when and where born, and the name as well. The following claims to that distinction have been presented, and I give them in chronological order, with the remark that some Indian traders who resided among the Ohio Indians, before the Bouquet expedition, in 1764, were married to white women, who probably had children born unto them, but the evidence to establish it is lacking. In April, 1764, a white woman whose husband was a white man, was captured in Virginia, by some Delaware Indians, and taken to one of their towns at or near Wakatornaka, now Dresden, Muskingum county. In July of said year, she, while yet in captivity, at the above named place, gave birth to a male child. She and her child were among the captives restored to their friends November 9, 1764, under an arrangement made by Bouquet, her husband being present and receiving them. It was, as far as I am informed, the first known white child born upon the soil of Ohio, but the exact time and place of its birth, and its name, are alike unknown. In 1770, an Indian trader ;named Conner, married a white woman who was a captive among the Shawnees, at or near the Scioto. During the next year she gave birth to a male child, probably at the above named point. Mrs. Conner, in 1774, with her husband, removed to Schonbrun, one of the Moravian villages on the Tuscarawas, and there they had other children born to them. In April, 1773, Rev. John Roth and wife arrived at Gnadenhutten, on the Tuscarawas, and there, on the 4th day of July, 1773, she gave birth to a child, and which, the next day at his baptism, by Rev. David Zeisberger, was named John Lewis Roth. He died at Bath, Penn., September 25, 1841. It is clear to my mind that John Lewis Roth is the first white child born within the limits of our State, whose name, sex, time, place of birth and death, and biography, are known with certainty. Howe in his " Ohio Historical Collections," states upon the authority of a Mr. Dinsmore, of Kentucky, that a Mr. Millehomme, in 1835 (who then lived in the parish of Terre-Bonne, Louisiana), informed him that he was born of French Canadian parents, on or near the Loramie portage, about the year 1774, while his parents were moving from Canada to Louisiana; but there is nothing definite or authentic in this case either as to time or place. Joanna Maria Heckewelder, daughter of Rev. John Heckewelder, was born at Salem, one of the Moravian villages on the Tuscarawas, April 16, 1781, and she was the first white female child born upon Ohio territory, as to whose time and place of birth, and death, and subsequent history, there is positive certainty. Her death took place at Bethlehem, Penn., September 19, 1868, in the eighty-eighth year of her age. I believe it is generally conceded that the first White child born within our State, after the permanent settlement at the mouth of the Muskingum, was Leicester G. Converse, whose birth took place at Marrietta, February 7, 1789, and who died near said river, in Morgan county, February 14, 1859." 52 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. CHAPTER IV FORMATION OF THE COUNTY. AS an interesting item of history, there is here given a copy of "An Act to Establish the County of Muskingum," passed January 7, 1804: "SECTION 1. Be it enacted, etc., that so much of the counties of Washington and Fairfield as comes within the following boundaries, be and the same is, hereby erected into a separate and distinct county, which shall be known by the name of Muskingum, to wit: Beginning at the northwest corner of the Ninth township, in the Ninth range of the United States Military lands, thence with the western boundary line of said range, south to the southern boundary line of said military lands, thence with the same west to the western boundary line of the Fifteenth range of public lands, thence with the said line south to the southwest corner of the Sixteenth township of. the Fifteenth range, thence eastwardly to the south boundary of the Sixteenth township till it intersects the west boundary of the Twelfth range, thence with the sectional lines east to the western boundary line of the Seventh range, thence with the same north to the northeast corner of the military tract, thence with the north boundary line of the Tenth township in the first, and second ranges of said military lands, west until intersected by the Indian boundary line, thence with same westwardly to the place .of beginning. "SECTION 2. That from and after the first day of March next, said county shall be vested with all the powers, privileges and immunities of a separate and distinct county; Provided, always, that all actions and suits which may be pending on the first day of March next, shall be prosecuted and carried into final judgment and execution, and all taxes, fees, fines and forfeitures which shall then be due, shall be collected in the same manner as if this act had never been passed. "SECTION 3. That the temporary seat of justice of said county shall be at the town of Zanesville, until the permanent seat shall be fixed according to law. "SECTION 4. This act shall commence and be in force from and after the first day of March next. "ELIAS LANGHAM, "Speaker of the House of Representatives, NATHANIEL MASSIE, "Speaker of the Senate." Jan. 7, 1804 The first sheriff of Muskingum county was George Beymer; the first county surveyor, Levi Whipple; William Montgomery appears to have been the first county treasurer; Levi Whipple was the first coroner. It seems that conveyances of land lying in Muskingum were recorded in the office of the Washington county recorder until April 17, 1806. From this date till 1831 the recorder was appointed by the court of common pleas, and the clerk of that court was usually the recorder. The first so appointed was Abel Lewis. Elijah Beall, who served until 1808, appears to have been the first clerk to the county commissioners. On the evidence of Stephen Reeve, Esq., who leased school land of them in 1804, it is stated that the first county commissioners were William Montgomery, Joseph F. Munro and Christian Spangler. It should be noted here that there is no record of the action of the county commissioners prior to March 2, 1807. Following is the not very complete record, in full, of all meetings from March 2, 1807, to January 27, 1808, inclusive. It is valuable chiefly as stating who were present: "March 2, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, William Whitten, commissioners. Adjourned until to-morrow at 8 o'clock." "March 3, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, William Whitten, commissioners. Adjourned until to-morrow at 8 o'clock." "March 4, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Whitten, William Newell, commissioners. Adjourned until to-morrow at 8 o'clock." "March 5, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Whitten, William Newell, commissioners. Adjourned until the first Monday in May next." "May 4, 1807. William" Newell only met according to adjournment and adjourned until June term next." "June 1, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, William Whitten, Robert Spur. Adjourned until to-morrow morning at 8 o'clock." "June 2, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Robert Spur. Adjourned until Monday next, the 8th of June." "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Robert Spur, William Whitten. Adjourned until tomorrow morning at 8 o'clock."- "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment, Present, HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 53 William Whitten, William Newell, Robert Spur. Adjourned until to-morrow morning at 8 o'clock." "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Robert Spur, William Whitten. An adjournment took place until to-morrow at 8 o'clock." "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Whitten, Robert Spur, William Newell. Adjourned until to-morrow 8 o'clock." "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, William Whitten. Adjourned until Thursday, July 16th next." "July 16, 1807. Robert Spur only met agreeable to adjournment and adjourned until to-morrow at 8 o'clock." "July 17, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Whitten, Robert Spur, and adjourned until to-morrow at 8 o'clock." "July 18, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable. to adjournment. Present, William Whitten, Robert Spur, William Newell. Adjourned until the 4th Monday in August next." "August 24, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Whitten, William Newell, Robert Spur. And adjourned until tomorrow at 8 o'clock." "August 25, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, William Whitten, Robert Spur Adjourned until to-morrow morning at 8 o'clock." "August 26, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, Robert Spur, William Whitten, William Newell. And adjourned until the second Monday in September next." "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment: Present, William Newell, Robert Spur. And adjourned until the session in course, when none met, until the 2d Monday in December, 1807." "December 14, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell. And adjourned until to-morrow morning 8 o'clock." "December 5th, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Jacob Gomber. And adjourned until to-morrow morning 8 o'clock." "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Jacob Gomber. And adjourned until to-morrow 8 o'clock." "December 17, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Jacob Gomber. Adjourned until to-morrow morning 8 o'clock." "December 18, 1807. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Jacob Gomber. And adjourned until the fourth Monday in January next." "January 25. Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell, Jacob Gomber. And adjourned until to-morrow 8 o'clock." "January 26, Commissioners met. Present, William. Newell, Jacob Gomber. And adjourned until tomorrow 8 o'clock." "January 27, Commissioners met. Present, William Newell, Jacob Gomber, and adjourned until the session in course, first Monday in March next." Most of these entries were attested by Elijah Beall, clerk. January. 26, 1808, was resolved that all officers entitled to traveling fees to and from the county seat and under their jurisdiction, should be allowed for every twenty-five miles' travel a sum equal to what the law allowed them per day on the same occasion, by rendering a just account of the same to be judged of by the board. Quite a little space. is here devoted to the early doings of the county commissioners. The period 1807-1815 has been covered pretty fully. The details of the laying out of roads will serve to show the rapidity and the direction of the advancement of settlement. Except in cases of known and glaring inaccuracy, the names of persons concerned are spelled as in the records. March 7, 1808, a petition from sundry inhabitants of Newton township, praying for an alteration of the county road leading from Springfield up the south fork of Jonathan's creek was read and tabled for a second reading next day, where it was again read and filed to be read at the following June term. A petition praying for a road to be laid out from the town of "Zanesville to the northeast corner of half-section Number 4, Township 1, Range 7, was read and disallowed, March 8. March 9, 1808, sundry petitions were presented to the Board asking the incorporation of several townships within the county limits and were granted. The boundaries of the townships were established and ordered recorded. The townships so created were named Cambridge, Salt Creek and Falls. At the same time an alteration was made in one line of Madison township: June 6,1808, the petition which was read and filed at the last session of the board of commisioners praying an alteration of the county road from Springfield up the south fork of Jonathan's creek was read and ordered to lie on the table for a second reading the following day. A petition signed by sundry inhabitants of the county was presented to the board, together with the proper vouchers, praying for the opening of a road from or near the mouth of Cantwell's run, on the west side of Muskingum river, up said river to the month of Whitewoman. A duplicate order for the viewers and surveyor of the proposed road was issued and "delivered to William Whitten, for 54 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. (as is doubtless meant) one of the petitioners to meet at Thomas Cantwell's on Saturday, the eleventh of June, instant, at ten o'clock A. M." Thomas, Cantwell, Isaac Workman and Henry Miller were the viewers named, and John Cain was the surveyor. Another petition was presented, praying for the opening of a road from the mouth of Licking creek up said creek on the north side by way of Col. George Jackson's mills to intersect the State road near Jonathan Wood's. William Wells, John Matthews and Ebenezer Ryan were the viewers and Elijah Beall was the surveyor of this road, and to them, as such, a duplicate order was issued and delivered to Col. George Jackson, as one of the petitioners, to meet at the house of Henry Crooks, at McIntire's upper ferry, on the fourth Monday in June, at eight o'clock A. M. June 7, 1808, sundry' persons petitioned that a road be opened from Springfield westwardly on the south side of Licking creek, via Asher Thorp's, to the west boundary line of the county. A duplicate ordered was issued to the viewers and surveyor of this road and to the petitioners, through Doctor Matthews as their representative, to meet at the house of Peter Speck, in Springfield, on the third Monday in June, at eight o'clock A. M. Johnston Thompson, William Reynolds and John Matthews, of Moxahala, were the viewers; the surveyor was Elijah Beall. Another petition was presented, praying that a road be opened from the lower end of „White Eyes plains to the bridge over Will's creek at the town of Cambridge. The viewers were James McCune, James Miskimmins and Abel Cain; John Cain was the surveyor. William Whitten was the representative petitioner. The meeting of the viewers, surveyor and petitioners was ordered to be held at the house of George Miller at ten o'clock A. M. on the first Monday in August. The petition for an alteration of the county road from Springfield up the south fork of Jonathan's creek, which had been read the day before and ordered for a second reading on this day, was taken up and the board decreed that said road should be still kept clear until a petition be presented for opening a road "from the new State road oh the west side of Shawney run." June 13, 1808, a petition from inhabitants of the northwestern part of the county was presented to the board of commissioners praying to be set off in a separate township, and was granted. The township so erected was called Newcastle, and the first election for township officers thereof was ordered to be held at the house of Thomas Butler on the second Monday in September, at ten o'clock A. M. June 14, 1808, "Jacob Crooks was chosen and appointed to be a county collector for the present year." June 15, 1808, it was resolved by the board that the sum of two dollars be offered as a bounty for each and every wolf scalp certificate which should be presented to the board agreeable to law, certifying the same to be over the age of six months, and the further sum of one dollar was offered for each and every scalp of a wolf under the age of six months. Viewers on the road from the mouth of Cantwell's run to the mouth of Whitewoman reported thereon to the board, June 15, 1808, and after the first reading their report was tabled until the following Saturday. June 15,.1808, a petition from the inhabitants of Newton township was presented to the board, praying for a division of said township, which was objected to by reason of a counter-petition from said township. On the following day a petition from sundry inhabitants of the county was handed in, praying to be' set off from Salt Creek township and included in the Township of Zanesville, which was granted. June 17, 1808, the board appointed Joseph F. Munro a county treasurer, and he gave bond with the following sureties: John McIntire, Daniel Converse. June 17, 1808, the board regulated tavern and ferry licenses throughout the county as follows—The Taverns: " The taverns on the state road from Chillicothe to Wheeling, eight dollars -each, except those within the towns of Zanesville and Springfield, which shall be respectively rated at ten dollars each. All the other taverns opened within the county, and to be opened hereafter, in any direction whatever, within the county, except in the towns and on the road aforesaid, to pay five dollars each. The ferries: Crossing the Muskingum immediately to or from Zanesville to Springfield to pay a license of twelve dollars each. Crossing the Muskingum on the State road immediately from Zanesville to Franklinton to be licensed at eight dollars each. Throughout the county, except as above, to be licensed at five dollars each. Rates of ferriage throughout the county were established as follows: For a foot passenger, three cents; for a man and horse, twelve and one-half cents; for a loaded wagon and one dollar; for an empty wagon and team, seventy-five cents; for a four-wheeled carriage and team, seventy-five cents; for a loaded cart and team, fifty cents; for an.empty cart, sled or sleigh and team, thirty-seven and one-half cents; for horses, mares mules and neat cattle, each ten cents; for hogs and sheep, each three cents, it was provided that in all HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 55 cases where the ferry-keeper should be compelled by law to ply in the night, he might demand and receive for a foot passenger six and one-fourth cents and for a man and horse twenty-five cents. June 18, 1808, the viewer's report on a road from the mouth of Cantwell's run to the mouth of Whitewoman was again read, and, no objection being made, the survey thereof was ordered for record. It was ordered by the board that this road " be opened and cut out forty feet wide and be hereafter held, deemed and kept open as a county road, agreeable to an act of assembly, entitled, " An Act for Opening and Regulating highways." September 5, 1808, the viewers' report on a road from Cambridge to White Eyes' plains was presented, read and ordered to lay over for a second reading the following day. The viewers on a road from Springfield up the south side of Licking creek to the west boundary of the county reported the same not to be of public utility. On the next day, the report of the viewers on the road from Cambridge to White Eyes' plains was read a second time and adopted, and, no objections being made, it was ordered that the said road be opened fifty feet wide. The viewers appointed on the proposed road from the mouth of Licking creek, on the north side thereof, by the great falls, to intersect another road near Jonathan Wood's, did not report. December 5, 1808, a petition was presented signed by a number of inhabitants requesting that a road be laid out to leave the road leading from Zanesville to the forks of the Muskingum, at or near the house of John Winner, to intersect the road leading from Zanesville to the mouth of Wakatomaka creek, at or near the forks of Symmes creek. Duplicate orders for viewers and surveyors thereof were given--John Adams, Leverett S. Stillman and John Painter, viewers, and John Cain, surveyor—to meet at Mr. Shire's on the first Monday in January, 1809. December 6, 1808, a petition was presented signed by a number of inhabitants praying for the laying out of a road " from Zanesville to the north end of half-section Number 4, in township Number 1, of Range Number 7, and from thence to intersect the road leading from Zanesville to the mouth of Wakatomaka creek, at or near the school lot now occupied by Josiah Cooksey." Daniel Converse, Samuel Thompson and Robert Taylor were appointed viewers and William Reynolds surveyor, to meet at the house of the latter on the first Monday in January, 1809. March 6, 1809, a petition was presented for the laying out of a road from Springfield westerly on the south side of Licking creek via Asher Thorp's to the west boundary line of the county to intersect a road leading from Newark. James Jeffries and William Reynolds were appointed viewers and Levi Whipple surveyor, and directed to meet at the house of William Burnham, in Springfield, on the last Monday in March. March 6, 1809, a petition for the division of Wells township was presented and a remonstrance against said division, which were tabled until the next meeting of the commissioners. March 6, 1809, the viewers appointed to lay out a road from John Winner's to intersect a road leading from Zanesville to Wakatomaka creek, at or near the forks of Symmes creek, made returns of the survey of said road, which was read and reported on favorably. The viewers appointed to lay out a road from Zanesville to the north end of half section Number 4, in township Number Range Number 7, to intersect a road leading from Zanesville to the mouth of Wakatomaka creek, at or near the school lot occupied by Josiah Cooksey, also made return with like results. March 7, 1809, a petition for the division of Newton township was allowed, the south part of said township, as divided and recorded, to retain the name of Newton township and the north part to be known as Springfield township. March 7, 1809, the road returns above mentioned were again read, and the roads were ordered to be opened forty feet wide. March 8, 1809, it Was ordered that the first election for township officers in the township of Newton be held at the house of Isaac Kent on the first Monday in April. At the same time the first township election in the township of Springfield was ordered to be held on the first Monday in April at the house of William Burnham. March 31, 1809, James Jefferies, William Organ, and Samuel Henslee were appointed overseers, and Levi Whipple surveyor of a road from Springfield by way of Asher Thorp's to the west boundary line of the county, to meet at William Burnham's April 26. June 5, 1809, a petition was presented, signed by a number of freeholders of Springfield and Falls townships, asking the appointment of viewers to lay out a road from the town of Springfield, thence westwardly on the south side of Licking creek, passing the house of Jonah Smith, near the big falls of said creek, thence passing a schoolhouse near John. Kerr's, thence to the west boundary line of Muskingum county, "in the best direction that when it shall be continued through a part of the county of Licking it may intersect the State road leading from 56 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Zanesville to Newark, near the Rocky fork of Licking creek." John Matthews, Johnson Thompson and Lewis Nye were appointed viewers, and Levi Whipple surveyor, and they were directed to meet at the house of William Burnham, in Springfield, on the second Monday in July. On the same day, Charles Williams, George McCullock, and William Morrison were appointed viewers, and John Cain was appointed surveyor, to lay out a road from the forks of the Muskingum in a northwesterly direction, to intersect a road "leading to a town called Worcester, on the north boundary line of the county," to meet "at the house of Charles Williams, in Tuskaraway," on the second Monday in July. June 6, 1809, the viewers appointed to lay out a road from Springfield, on the south side of Licking creek, by Asher Thorp's, to the west boundary line of the county, reported that a road might be opened for a reasonable expense, and the surveyor exhibited a plan and field-notes of the same. The following day the board ordered said road opened, fifty feet wide. June 7, 1809, it was ordered by the board that in future all justices of the peace attending at the opening of a poll-book of an election should receive the sum of fifty cents per day; and that judges of election should be entitled to receive twenty-five cents per day, when engaged in official duties; the judge returning the poll book to receive three cents a mile, going and returning by the most usual way. June 5, 1809, Moses Dillon presented a remonstrance, signed by a number of landholders of the townships of Springfield and Falls, stating that the road, as surveyed from Springfield, by Asher Thorp's, was not on the best ground, and praying that a review might be had on the same. This paper, it was deemed, was not signed by such persons as the law contemplated, and embraced only a part of the road under consideration, and, bonds not being given as required by. law, it was rejected by, the board. June 15, 1809, it was ordered by the commissioners that all tavern licenses within the county be rated the ensuing year as follows: On the State road from Wheeling to Chillicothe, $8 each, except those within the towns of Zanesville and Springfield, and in Zanesville the license fee was put at $12, and in Springfield at $8. All other taverns within the county, opened, or to be opened thereafter, except in the towns and on the roads aforesaid, were rated at $5. June 15, 1809, the board regulated. the ferry license as follows: Ferries crossing the Muskingum river immediately to or from Zanesville to Springfield, $12; crossing the Muskingum on the State road immediately from Zanesville to Franklinton, $8; throughout the county, except as above, $5. Rates of ferriage throughout the county were re-established, thus: Foot passengers, three cents; for a man and horse, one shilling; a loaded wagon and team, one dollar; an empty wagon and team, seventy-five cents; a four-wheeled carriage and team, seventy-five cents ; a loaded cart and team, fifty cents; an empty cart, sled or sleigh and team, three shillings; horses, mares, mules and neat cattle, each, ten cents; hogs. and sheep, each, three cents. The following resolution relative to wolf scalps was passed by the board June 15, 1809: "Resolved that the sum of $2 be offered as a bounty for each and every wolf scalp certificate which shall be presented to the board, agreeable to law, certifying the same to be over the age of six months, and the sum of $1 for each and every scalp under the age of six months." No view having been had on a road petitioned for from the Forks of Muskingum river to the northern boundary line of the county, in consequence of "the viewers not having received timely notice of their appointment, at the request of the petitioners that the road be viewed, the board, on the 11th of September, 1809, ordered that Charles Williams, George McCullock and William Morrison be reappointed viewers, and John Cain surveyor, to meet at the house of Charles Williams, on the third Monday in October. October 5, 1809, being a day advertised for holding appeals, the commissioners proceeded to hear and act on the several cases which we're laid before them. Lewis Nye petitioned to have the tax taken off his house, situated on his farm, as the building was not tenable. It was ordered that the said tax of $1.50 be remitted. Andrew Crooks petitioned to have the tax remitted on his house, as said house was not finished or occupied. The tax of seventy-five cents was remitted. On the following day, Daniel Harvey stated that his house was taxed too high, also all his other property, and that he was taxed for to out lots which were not recorded on the town plat. It was ordered that $2 be taken off his tax for the out lots, and $1.72 from his house. Christian Spangler stated that his tax was uniformly oppressive, and requested that a part of the same be remitted. His tax was reduced $2. Samuel Thompson said he was taxed with an out lot which was not recorded as such on the town plat, and $1.25 was deducted from his assessment. Monday, December 4, 1809, the viewers appointed to lay out the road from the forks of the Mus- HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 57 kingum in a northwesterly direction, to intersect a road leading to the town of Worcester, on the northern border of the county, reported favorably, and their report was laid over for a second reading the next day, when it was ordered to be recorded, and said road to be opened sixty feet wide. Under date of December 6, 1809, the following entry appears: "The viewers appointed to lay out a road from Springfield, by Jonah Smith's, to the west boundary of the county, having neglected to make their return in due season, and whereas it has been made to appear that the said contemplated road would be of the utmost importance to the inhabitants generally, and an application having been made to have other viewers appointed, William Hambleton, David Vandebarrack and John Beard were appointed viewers, and Levi Whipple surveyor, to meet at the house of William . Burnham, in Springfield, on Monday, the 18th instant." On the same day a petition was presented, signed by a number of freeholders of the county, praying to have viewers appointed to lay out a road, to begin at a point on the State road leading from Marietta to Zanesville, near the salt works, and running then easterly to the house of Aaron Hughes, or Wills creek, and to a point on the Seventh range line, so that an intersection might be formed with the Pultney road in the nearest and best direction to St. Clairsville. William Raynolds, David Beckwith and Samuel Thompson were appointed overseers, and Elijah Beall, surveyor, to meet at the house of John Chandler, on the first Tuesday in January, 1810. Monday, March 5, this committee reported unfavorably, but a favorable report was rendered by the viewers appointed to lay out a road from Springfield, on the south side of Licking creek, by Jonah Smith's, etc., and the latter report was tabled for a second reading the following day, when Isaac Zane presented a petition requesting the appointment of five disinterested landowners of the county to ascertain the damage which he might sustain in consequence of such road being opened through his land. The following named persons were appointed: William Wells, David Beckwith, Lewis Nye, Seth Adams and John Springer. They were directed to meet at Zane's house on the first Monday in April, but only two of the number so met, and June 4th Mr. Zane requested that others might be appointed, whereupon Robert McConnell, Moses Boggs, Lewis Nye, John Springer and Wyllys Tilliman were appointed to meet at Zane's house, on Monday, the 18th instant. June 5, 1810, a number of citizens petitioned for an alteration in the road leading from Springfield to Cooper's Mill, to begin at the line of the township of Springfield and extending thence in the best direction to intersect the old road at or near the bark lick. William Turner, James Hammitt and Benjamin Tupper were appointed viewers, and Benjamin Tupper surveyor, to meet at James Hammitt's on the third Monday in August. It was ordered that so much of the road from Springfield by Jonah Smith's to the west boundary of the county as lay between Fallen Timber run and the county line be opened sixty feet wide. June 4, 1810, a petition was presented praying that a view might be had on a road leading from Springfield toward Athens as far as the county line of Muskingum. Chauncey Ford, Daniel Converse and Levi Whipple were appointed viewers, and Levi Whipple surveyor, to meet at the house of William Burnham in Springfield, on Monday, the 11th inst. A petition was presented June 4, 1810, signed by a number of the inhabitants of Salt Creek township, praying for a division of the same. The division was made, resulting in the creation of Blue Rock township. In 1810 tavern and ferry licenses were unchanged. Ferry rates throughout the county were defined as follows: For a wagon and five or six horses, seventy-five cents; for a wagon with three or four horses, fifty cents; for a wagon with two horses, three shillings; for a cart, sled, or sleigh with two horses or oxen, three shillings; for a two-wheeled carriage or horse cart, with horse, twenty-five cents; for a man and horse, one shilling; for a horse, mare, mule or ass, six pence; neat cattle, each, six pence; for a hog or sheep, three cents; for a foot passenger, three cents. June 13, 1810, the commissioners ordered that the clerk of their board receive the sum of $25 as an annual salary, payable quarterly, and that all necessary stationery for the office be furnished by the county. Benjamin Tupper was continued as clerk. September 3, 1810, the viewers appointed to make an alteration in the Cooper mill road reported favorably, and two days later it was ordered that the alteration be opened sixty feet wide. On the 3d, also, a petition was presented praying for the laying out of a road beginning at a tree marked F. W. B. on the State road leading from Zanesville to Newark, thence in the best direction to intersect the road leading from the forks of the Muskingum to Mount Vernon, at a town laid out by Robert Griffin. Levi Chapman, Isaac Zane and Levi Whipple were appointed viewers, and Levi Whipple surveyor, to meet at George Welch's 58 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. on the first Monday in November. A petition was presented praying that a view might be had on a road beginning at the forks' of the Muskingum to intersect a road laid out from that point to Newark, in the nearest and best direction and as near as might be to the county line. James Tanner, Lewis Nye and John Adams were appointed viewers, and Henry Northup surveyor, to meet at the house of Charles Williams on the first Monday in November. September 5 the viewers' return of a road from Springfield toward Athens as far as the county line was adopted, and the road was ordered to be opened sixty feet wide. December 3 a petition was presented signed by a number of inhabitants of Oxford township, stating that they were a part of Coshocton county, not yet organized; and it was ordered that so much of Oxford as was situated within the county of Coshocton be attached to and become a part of the town of Tuscarawas. December 3, 1810, a number of persons petitioned for an alteration in the road leading from Zanesville to the forks of the Muskingum, and that a part of said road be vacated; the alteration to begin on said road at or near John Winner's and to intetsect said road at or near John Warburton's. Valentine Johnson, George W. Cass and John Painter were appointed viewers, and Henry Northup surveyor, to meet at the house of Jonathan Parker, on Wednesday, the 12th inst. December 4, 1810, the report of the viewers on a road from the forks of the Muskingum river toward Newark was ordered to be recorded and the road to be opened sixty feet wide. December 5, 1810, the commissioners appointed to lay out a road beginning at a tree marked F. W. B. on the State road leading from Zanesville to Newark, to intersect the road from the forks of the Muskingum to Mount Vernon, etc., not having met according to order, and one of the petitioners coming forward and requesting that other viewers be appointed, Mordecai Chaffant, John Calvin and William Newell were designated viewers and Henry Northup surveyor, to meet at the house of George Welch on the first Monday in January. A petition was presented December 5, 181o, praying for the division of Jefferson township, which was granted, forming Washington township, the survey being as follows: "Beginning at the southwest corner of the 4th township of the 9th range; thence north to the northwest corner of said township; thence east to a line dividing the 4th township of the 7th range; thence south to a line dividing the 3d and 4th townships of said range; thence west to the place of beginning." These boundaries encompassed the new township. The first town meeting was appointed to be held on the fourth Saturday in February, at the house of Mordecai Chaffant. January 8, 1811, on the petition of sundry citizens of Jefferson township, praying to be set off into a new township, it was ordered that "a new township to be called Franklin be set off and bounded as follows; viz.: Beginning at the southwest 'corner of the 4th quarter of Township No. 4 in the 4th range; thence north to the northwest corner of the 1st quarter of said township; thence east to the northeast corner of the 2d quarter of Township No. 4 in the 4th range; thence south to the southeast corner of the 3d quarter of said township; thence west to the place of beginning." It was further ordered that an election for township officers be held at the house of John Robinson on Monday, January 28, the polls to be opened between the hours of ten and twelve and closed at four. On the application of Abraham Thompson and Stephen Stillwell for the board to fix the dimensions of a lock or slope in a mill-dam to be erected near the mouth of Wills creek, it was ordered, January 8, 1811, that whenever the dam should be erected, a slope should be built in such part of it as would best accommodate the navigation of the stream, twenty-five feet in width and extending down the stream in proportion to the height of the dam, so that there should not be more than one inch fall for each foot in length of the slope; the mouth of the slope to be sunk two feet below the average height of the top of the dam. It was provided that the slope should at all times be supplied with pulleys, catches, and other necessary apparatus for the purpose of facilitating the passage of boats, rafts and other water craft up and down the stream, and should be in other respects so constructed as in no way to materially injure or obstruct its navigation, and with its appointments should at all times be kept in good repair. March 4, 1811, it was ordered that the clerk, when called on to do so, should issue an order to Armstead Adams and Levi Chapman, supervisors of highways, to open a road through Isaac Zane's field, agreeable to the survey of the same. A petition was presented asking for a view for a road beginning on the State road between John Porter's and Jacob Bowers'; running thence to Robert Henderson's sawmill; thence to the intersection of the State road at or near the house lately occupied by John Ford. Benjamin Finkee, James Wimp HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 59 and James Beard were appointed viewers, and Benjamin Tupper surveyor., to meet at the house of Lawrence Alwine on the 20th of the same month. A petition was presented also praying that a view might be had on a road to begin at a point near the Muskingum salt-works; running thence in an easterly direction along the ridge as it was at that time cut out, or as near to said cutting as a good road could be obtained, until it should intersect the road already laid out in Guernsey county at a point where it struck the line of Muskingum county. William H. Moore, John Beard and John Calvin were appointed viewers and William Craig surveyor, to meet at the house of John Chandler on the last Tuesday in March. March 5, 1811, James Ritchey petitioned that an alteration be made in the road leading from Zanesville to the Blue Rock so as to turn the same through another part of his land. Samuel Thompson and David Herron were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at the house of Samuel Thompson March 8th. William Thorp,. David Devon and William Ewing were appointed overseers, and Henry Northup surveyor of the proposed road "from a tree marked F. W. B." etc. The viewers formerly appointed not having met, the new viewers were to meet at the house of George Welsh on Tuesday, March 19. A view was asked for on a road "beginning at the six mile tree, from Zanesville, on the Marietta road, thence running an easterly course passing, near Daniel Horton's, crossing Big Salt creek to David Carlisle's, on White Eyes creek, thence on the same course to Philemon Johnston's, thence on the north side of the creek called Williams' fork, then nearly as the road is cut out, then southwesterly of Samuel Poak's to the intersection of the Guernsey road at the line of said county. "William H. Moore, John Beard and John Calvin were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor," to meet where said contemplated road intersects the county line on the last Wednesday in March. March 6, 1811, the viewers' report on an alteration of the State road leading from Zanesville to the forks of the Muskingum was ordered to be recorded and the new part of the road opened sixty feet wide, a corresponding portion of the old road to be vacated. A petition, presented March 6, 1811, praying that so much of Salt Creek township .as had been set off and called Blue Rock township, be again attached to and become a part of Salt Creek township, was granted. June 3, 1811, the trustees of Newton township requested of the commissioners that so much of the original Township No. 15, in Range No. 14, as had therefore belonged to Springfield township be set off and become a part of. Newton township, which petition was granted and ordered to be recorded in the township books. June 4, 1811, Robert Mitchell was appointed clerk to the commissioners for the current year at a salary of $75 per year. John Willey entered his protest against this appointment on the ground that a clerk might be obtained who would do the work for less money. June 4, 1811, the board took up the report of the reviewers in favor of a road beginning at a tree marked B. T. on the State road, near Jacob Brown's, and running thence to Robert Henderson's saw mill, thence to the intersection of the State road near John Ford's place, for a second reading; whereupon a remonstrance was offered, signed by Benjamin Turner and others, praying for the appointment of five men to review the road. V. J. Z.. ----Robert Fulton, Samuel Thompson, James Richey, James Jeffries and Robert Mitchell were appointed, to meet at a place designated, on the 15th instant. On the same day a favorable report of the viewers on a proposed road beginning at a tree marked F. W. B. and running thence in as direct a line as practicable toward Robert Griffin's as far as the county line, was met by a remonstrance signed by Moses Van Winkle and John Bland and others, praying that five men be appointed to review the same. Jacob Crooks, James Herron, James Bell, John Houck and James Richey were accordingly appointed, to meet on January 18, at the house of Richard Zane. June 4, 1811, it was ordered by the commissioners that a fractional part west of the mouth of Salt Creek and north of the Muskingum river, in the township of Salt Creek, be attached to the township of Zanesville. June 5, 1811, the viewers' return of a road beginning at or near the salt works, at the ten mile tree, running thence in an easterly direction to the Guernsey county line was read finally, and the road was ordered to be opened a necessary width, not exceeding sixty feet. The next clay the viewers on the road beginning at Johnston's, and running thence to the Marietta road, at the six mile tree, recommended that said road be opened from the six mile tree to Johnston's at the expense of the county, and from Johnston's to the county line, at the expense of the petitioners. A petition was presented by Jefferey Price and Lewis Dent, asking the appointment of viewers to lay out a road upon the lands of the said peti- 60 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. tioners, James Ritchey, Allen McLain and William Craig were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to report for or against the proposed road on the first Monday in September. June 6, 1811, Benjamin Sloan was chosen county treasurer, and John Willey entered a protest because, in his opinion, a cheaper man could be had. On the same day Samuel Thompson was appointed "to keep the standard measure of the county," which, it was ordered should be branded with the letters " M. C. S." June 11, 1811, a number of the inhabitants of Madison township petitioned that a new township be "struck off, said township beginning at the southwest corner of Section 18, Range 15, Township 17, and on the line between the 15th and 16th ranges, thence easterly to the boundary line of Madison," which was read and ordered to lay over to the next meeting. No action seems to have been taken upon it. On December 2, another petition signed by inhabitants of Madison was presented, praying for certain reasons therein stated, that a part of said township might be erected into a new township by the name of Beard. This petition was read, and a remonstrance was handed in and read, whereupon the matter was ordered to be laid over until the next meeting, at which the records do not show that it was acted upon. June 11, 1811, the tavern licenses throughout the county were re-established at the same rates adopted in 1809; and it was ordered that the license for ferries over the river immediately to and from Zanesville to Springfield, should be $18 per annum; for ferries crossing the river on the State road immediately from Zanesville to Franklinton, $6; for ferries throughout the county, except as above, $1. Ferry rates were re-established on the basis of the previous year. June 25, 1811, the commissioners received a notice of an appeal to the Court of Common Pleas in the matter of the road leading from at or near the salt works easterly to the Guernsey county line. September 3, 1811, the previous report on a road beginning at or near Jacob Bower's, and running thence past Robert Henderson's sawmill, was taken up and read; whereupon there was notice of appeal given. September 4, 1811, Matthew Chambers petitioned for a review of a road passing through his land in Licking township. Martin Radebaugh, Thomas Thompson, and Christian Spangler were appointed viewers, and Mr Kinselaw surveyor, to meet at Chambers' house, on a date specified, and make report on said road on or before the first Monday in December. December 3, 1811, the reviewers reported on the proposed road beginning at a tree marked F. W. B., and running thence in a direction toward Robert Griffin's, and three of the reviewers were agreed as to the utility of said road, viz.: James Ritchey, James Herron and James Bell. " Said report should have been given in to the board on the first Monday of September last, but owing to James Bell, one of the viewers, being necessarily called away" (the viewers), "did not report on the day aforesaid; and it appearing to the board that said road should be granted from the viewers' report," it was ordered "that said road should be opened a necessary width, not exceeding sixty feet." December 4, 1811, the board directed Samuel Thompson to procure a copper standard measure for the county. December 4, 1811, the viewers appointed to view a road on the land of Matthew Chambers made their report, and it was ordered that the said road be established and the old road be vacated. December 17, 1811, an order was issued for the opening of the road from a tree marked F. W. B., toward Robert Griffin's, and delivered to George Welch, the commissioner. Early in 1812, a petition was presented praying to have a view on a road from Zanesville to Stephen Reeve's mill; whereupon Samuel Thompson, Daniel Converse and Christian Spangler were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to view said road. It was ordered that a road beginning at or near Jacob Bower's, and running past Robert Henderson's sawmill to its intersection with the State road, be opened a necessary width, not exceeding sixty feet. The commissioners proceeded to try the lines of the State road across Jonathan's creek, and viewed the best situation for a bridge across said stream in accordance with a law passed by the general assembly of the state of Ohio, passed February 1, 1812. On the following day they established the site of the bridge and designated it by a mark on a rock about sixteen feet above a certain whiteoak tree. June 1, 1812, a petition was presented for a road beginning at Jacob Livingood's mill, and running in a westerly direction to intersect with the eastern Wakatomaka road at a point between the lands of John Slack and William McConnell. Robert McConnell, Lewis Carns and Lemuel Joseph, were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor of said road, to meet on the first Monday in August at the house of John Robinson. This petition was presented by inhabitants of Zanesville township. June 1, 1812, a number of inhabitants of HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 61 Madison township petitioned that a part of said township be set off to form a new township to be named Clayton. Action was deferred until Monday, August 8. June 1, 1812, John Houck was appointed collector for Zanesville, Licking, Jefferson, Salt Creek and Union townships, and James Vickers for Springfield, Madison, Falls, Newton and Hopewell townships. June 3, 1812, the commissioners ordered the road beginning at David Harvey's, and running thence to Reeves' sawmill, opened a proper width, not exceeding sixty feet. On .the same day Mr. Dillon petitioned to have an alteration in a road from Springfield by Jonas Smith's to the western border of the county, said alteration to begin and end on Dillon's own land, and to be. made. at Dillon's expense, he offering to have the road made on as good ground as before. Joseph and William Sharp and William Ewing were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, of said proposed alteration, to meet at the house of John Dillon, June 8. June 8, 1812, the board ordered that tavern licenses throughout the county be as follows: On the State road from Wheeling to Chillicothe $8, except for taverns in Zanesville and Springfield, in which towns the fee was fixed at $12 and Po respectively. Other taverns in the county except in the towns and on the road aforesaid, $5. It was ordered that the license for ferries between Zanesville and Springfield be at the rate of $18; John McIntire, $12; the upper ferry from Zanesville to Franklinton, $6; from Licking to Zanesville, including both sides of the creek, $4. The rates of ferriage throughout the county were fixed as follows: For a wagon and five or six horses, seventy-five cents; for a wagon and three or four horses, fifty cents; for a wagon and two horses, thirty-seven and one-half cents; for .a four-wheeled carriage and team, thirty-seven and a half cents; for a two-wheeled carriage and one horse, twenty-five cents; for a man and horse, twelve and one-half cents; for a mule or ass, six and one-fourth cents; for neat cattle, six and one-half cents each; for sheep and hogs, each three cents; for foot passengers, each three cents. " Tuesday June 9, 1812, the commissioners met pursuant to adjournment and proceeded tc assess the tax. Then Jacob Crooks presented his bill from June the 1st, 1811, to this day. Then the treasurer, Benjamin Sloan, and the commissioners proceeded to settle for the last year. John Houck, collector, settled up with the treasurer, leaving a balance unpaid of $13. Benjamin Sloan. treasurer, charged to receipts by John Houck. $1400.96; likewise by Granger's receipt $280.31, to a list of license from the clerk, Stockton, from November 21, 1811, to June 9,1812; to Abel Lewis clerk's list from June 6, 1811, until Stockton was chosen, $144.87 5; and Mr. Sloan credited with county orders to the amount of $2231.46 5. Commissioners and treasurer settled; then adjourned to meet at court house on Wednesday, the ioth instant." " The commissioners met pursuant to adjournment and proceeded to assess the tax. Mr. Perry produced the county clerk's bill against the sheriff, Crooks, and he presented his account against the county for the last year, and when both accounts were adjusted there was balance allowed to Crook of $104.20 1/2. Then adjourned to meet on the eleventh instant at the court house." On the day last mentioned, the commissioners proceeded to assess the tax. The county was, for purposes of taxation; divided into two districts, in one of which John Houck was assessor, while James Vickers was assessor of the other. The tax in Houck's district amounted to $777.70 5, and in Vicker's district it amounted to $353.76 5. June 11, 1812, the petition asking for the incorporation of " the Sixteenth township in the Fifteenth range" (in Madison township) as a separate township by the name of Clayton was granted, and the first election in the new township was ordered to be held September 3, at the house of James Rusk. December 6, 1809, a petition was presented signed by a number of inhabitants, praying for the appointment of an election in Township 18 of Range 15 to elect three trustees and one treasurer for the purpose of leasing, agreeable to law, Section 16 in said township; whereupon the clerk was ordered to notify the inhabitants to meet at the house of William Hambleton on the first Monday in the following February, for the purpose mentioned. September 3,1811, a petition of inhabitants of the fractional Township 16 in Range 14 was presented and read, praying that notice of an election be given in said township to the electors to meet on Saturday, the 22nd instant, at the house of William Burnham, to elect three trustees and one treasurer for said township. Granted. A similar petition from inhabitants of Township 14, Range 14, was also granted, the election to be held on the date above mentioned, at the house of John Willick. Early in 1812, an election was appointed for the same purpose to be held in Township 16, Range 15. June 11, 1812, it was represented to the commissioners that the inhabitants of the township last mentioned had failed to hold an election, as notified to do, 62 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY of three trustees and a treasurer to take into their care the school land of said township, and it was ordered that an election be held for said purpose, at the house of James Rusk, September 3. August 3, 1812, Robert Mitchell gave his bond to Benjamin Sloan, treasurer in the amount of $2,679.38 as collector, of the resident tax. Early in 1812, a petition was presented to the board signed by a number of inhabitants of the townships of Madison and Falls, praying to have a new township to be known as Hopewell township erected out of the territory of the two townships mentioned. Although a remonstrance was interposed, the commissioners granted the petition and ordained that the first election for officers of Hopewell township should be held at the house of John Colvin. September 8, 1812, the board took up the viewers' report on a road beginning at Jacob Livingood's mill and running in a westerly direction to intersect with the Wakatomaka road between the lands of William McConnell and John Slack, and ordered the road to be opened. On the same day the petition of Moses Dillon for the alteration of a road, as above stated, was considered. A remonstrance was presented by George Jackson, signed by a number of the inhabitants of Falls township, against any such alteration, and the board refused to grant Dillon's petition, on the ground that such action would be injurious to the interests of several residents of Smith's town. Following is a copy of the sheriff's bond, given in 1812: "Know all men by these presents, that we, John Raynolds, principal, and John Hamm and Robert Mitchell, his securities, all of Muskingum county and state of Ohio, are held and firmly bound unto John Willey, Benjamin Spry and William H. Moore, commissioners of said county, or their successors in office, in the sum of five thousand dollars, to which payment, well and truly to be made and performed, we bind ourselves and each of our heirs, jointly and severally, by these presents. Sealed, with our seals and dated this thirty-first day of October, 1812. The condition of this obligation is such that if the above bound John Raynolds shall well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office of sheriff of said county in all things appertaining thereunto, according to the laws of this state, until he from said office be lawfully discharged, then this obligation to be void; otherwise to remain in full force and virtue in law." This document was signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of William Craig and J. Van Horne, by the principals and securities above mentioned. On the 7th of December, 1812, John C. Stockton, clerk of the court of Common Pleas, produced an account for his services and was allowed $58.38. December 8, 1812, a petition was presented, from inhabitants of Clayton township, asking for a view on a road beginning at or near the south boundary line of that township, and running thence in a northeast direction to an intersection with the "great road" leading from Lancaster to Springfield, at or near the house of Thomas Dolson. Thomas Nesbit, William Hamilton and John Colvin were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, of said proposed road. December 15, 1812, the commissioners settled with Robert Mitchell, resident collector, and there was a balance in favor of the county of $1,175.43 4, which Mr. Mitchell was to pay over to the new resident collector and the commissioners signed duplicate certificates, one of which was transmitted to the non-resident collector and the other to the auditor of public accounts. Then Jacob Crooks produced his accounts to be adjusted and was allowed $45 for his services as sheriff ; and the commissioners took into consideration what ought to be allowed for returning poll books for the different townships, and decided to allow eight cents per mile and no more for returning all poll books. March 2, 1813, the commissioners ordered the opening of a new road, to begin at the Federal road in Section 29, Township 16, Range 15, and running thence through the lands of Moses Godwin, George Shiner and others to an intersection with the road from Zanesville to Lancaster at a blackoak, about forty perches west of Thomas Nelson's, upon which viewers had reported favorably. The order was to be presented to the supervisor of Clayton township, March 17. March 3, 1813, Lemuel Joseph, Peter Speck and another were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, of a proposed alteration, petitioned for by inhabitants of Zanesville township, in a road beginning at the end of John Robinson's lane and running in a westerly direction to an intersection with the Wakatomaka road on or near the land of John Slack, and were directed to meet at the house of John Robinson on the first Monday in June. June 8th this alteration was ordered to be opened a necessary width, not exceeding thirty feet. June 7, 1813, a petition was presented from a number of inhabitants of Clayton, Madison and Newton townships, asking for a laying out of a road to begin at William Schofield's mill, and running thence in a southwesterly direction, the nearest and HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 63 best way, to an intersection with the Federal road at a small beach tree marked with an ax in three places, said road traversing Section 13, -Township i6. Thomas Nesbit, John E. Dent and William Heath were appointed viewers and William Craig surveyor, of said proposed road, to meet at the house of George Clems, at Jonathan's creek bridge, August 23. On the same day James Sprague, Jacob Painter and Philip Dreyer were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, of a proposed road, petitioned for by residents of Jefferson township, to begin at Alexander Struthers' mill and run then in a northeast direction to intersect the Coshocton county. line, near the 6th range, and authorized to meet at the house of Alexander Struthers, Monday, August 9. Also on this day, application was presented from citizens of Jefferson township, for a view on a road to begin at Struthers' mill and run thence in a northerly direction near the house of Henry Freeman, at the county line, to intersect a road laid out in Coshocton county. Robert McConnell, James Adams and James Sprague were appointed viewers, and William Sprague surveyor, to meet at the house Alexander Struthers, on Wednesday, August 11. On this day also, a petition of inhabitants of Springfield and Falls townships, praying for the laying out of a road beginning at the west end of Main street in Zanesville, and running thence in a westerly direction to low-water mark at the Muskingum river, thence across the river to the island below the mouth of Licking creek; thence southwest and northwest across the two mouths of the Licking creek, the one branch "to intersect on Main street in West Zanesville," the other to intersect the public road on the south side of Licking creek. Samuel Sullivan, Arthur Reed and Jacob Means were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at Isaac VanHorne's office, June 14. June 8, 1813, the road beginning at the end of John Robinson's lane and running thence eastwardly to an intersection with the Wakatomaka road near the land of John Slack, was established. June 14, 1813, a petition was presented "by the inhabitants of the fourteenth township," praying to be incorporated into a separate township, to be called Harrison. The said township, with the fractions on the river, were so incorporated. June 15, 1813, the road from the west end of Main street,. Zanesville, above mentioned, was ordered to be opened a necessary width, not exceeding sixty feet. June 15, 1813, the commissioners regulated tavern and ferry licenses as follows: First—The town of Zanesville, in the matter of license for public houses, to be at the rate of $12 per year. Second—The town of Springfield to be at the rate of $10 a year. Third—West Zanesville to be at the rate of $io a year. Fourth—All those on the State road from Wheeling to Chillicothe to be at the rate of $8 a year. Fifth—All others throughout the county to be at the rate of $5 a year. Sixth—Ferries and rates of ferries the same as last year. June 15, 1813, the board ordered that the sheriff have necessary repairs put on the jail. September 6, 1813, inhabitants of Newton township petitioned for the opening of a road from John Matthews' mill to an intersection with the road leading from Springfield to Athens, at or near the land of Jesse Simeral, and a view was granted, and John Springer, Samuel Stoner and James Vickers were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at John Matthews' mill September 15. On the same day inhabitants of Licking township petitioned for a view on a road "beginning at a run near Leonard Stump's, on the Newark road, and running thence northeasterly past Samuel Gest's, thence to intersect the State road leading from Zanesville to Coshocton, at or near John Taylor's, Sr." Viewers were appointed, one of whom was John Fleming, to meet with William Craig, surveyor, at the house of Leonard Stump, October 5. On the same day petitions were presented by inhabitants of Madison and Springfield townships for views of roads described as follows, respectively: "Beginning at the east side of Section No. 33, where Clayton's road crosses said line, thence on direct route to intersect the State road, and thence a direct route to Hendrick's mills." "An alteration on a road beginning at Moxahala mill, thence to intersect the State road at a point between Andrew McBride's and Abraham Deever's." Of the first road, Andrew Cooks, James Claypool and Moses Plummer were appointed viewers, and Lewis Nye was appointed surveyor, to meet at the house of Nathan Hall October 15; and of the alteration John Goshen, Daniel Stickney and Jesse Smith were appointed viewers, and William Craig was appointed surveyor, to meet at the house of John Mathews, October 15. September 7, 1813, it was ordered that the road from Scofield's mill to the Federal road be legally opened; also the road from Struthr's mill to the Coshocton county line. December 6, 1813, inhabitants of Hopewell township asked for a view on a road to begin "where a road crosses Clayton township line, and running thence toward Nathan Wilson's. Thomas Nes- 64 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. bit, John Springer and Mr. Moore were appointed viewers, and William Craig, surveyor, to meet at the house of Conrad Emery, February 1, 1814. Inhabitants of Zanesville and Jefferson townships petitioned for a view on a road to begin at a point between John Slack's and William McConnell's, from thence running past Henry Wilson's, William Denison's, Jacob Snizar's and William Srayer's, thence in a northeast direction, over the most advantageous ground to the county line. William Denison, Jacob Painter and another were appointed viewers, and William Craig, surveyor, to meet at the house of John Slack on the first Monday in February. It appearing that the road previously mentioned, beginning at a run near Leonard Stump's, had not been legally advertised in Jefferson township, proceedings concerning it were stopped. The road proposed to begin at John Matthews' mill, and run to an intersection with the State road near Abraham Dever's was set aside by order of the commissioners. December 7, 1813, inhabitants of Zanesville and Salt Creek townships asked for a view on a road to begin at old Mr. Alwine's, running thence down the river to the Washington county line; and Thomas Dew, Thomas Moorehead and Nathaniel Ayers were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at Mr. Alwine's house, December 27. The matter of the road from Matthews' mill, up Brush creek to the State road, was re-opened, and Ebenezer Buckingham, Luke Walpole, Samuel Thompson, Daniel Converse and James Taylor were appointed viewers, to meet at the house of John Matthews, December 17. December 8, 1813, the commissioners sold the old court-house stove for $16.25. Samuel Goff was the purchaser. December 8, 1813, Blue Rock township was erected from the territory of Salt creek. March 7, 1814, inhabitants of Zanesville township petitioned for a view on a road to begin at Flat run, on the Muskingum river, running thence to William Fletcher's lane, thence northeast to an intersection with the Reeves Mill road. Richard Brookover, William Courtney and Christopher Myers were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at the house of Richard Brookover, March 28, 1814. Inhabitants of Salt creek asked for the laying out of a road, as follows: "Beginning at a smith shop, a few rods east of John Chandler's, thence an east direction past John and Thomas Sarchet's salt furnace, thence taking the point of a ridge and keeping said ridge where the road is new; cut out past Thomas Elliott's, and keeping said ridge past the Methodist meetinghouse, and past Thomas Curry's, until it intersects the road leading to the Salt works from Cambridge." Stephen Reeves, Johnston Brewster and Levi Reeves were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at the house of John Chandler, April 12. Inhabitants of Hopewell township asked for a view on a road to begin at Nathan Wilson's, on the State road, thence crossing Licking creek, at Sidler's ford, thence past Devore's mill, thence to a bridge between Bland's and Woodward's, thence to the Stone Coal lick, to an intersection with the State road from Zanesville to Coshocton, between John Taylor's and John Taylor's, Jr. John Bland, R. Welch and Edward Tanner were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor,to meet at the house of John Sidle, April 4. Inhabitants of Licking and Jefferson townships petitioned for the appointment of viewers on a proposed road to begin at Leonard Stump's, and run thence to Samuel Guest's, thence to John Taylor's. Elias Ellis, Solomon Wood and Edmund Hoffman were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at the house of Leonard Stump, April 1. March 7, 1814, " a number of inhabitants of the northeastern division of Muskingum county," petitioned that " the 5th and 6th range, thence south to the line that divides the 1st and 2nd townships, east to the county line, thence north to the place of beginning," be incorporated with a new township to be called Highland. This petition was granted the following day, and the first township election in Highland was appointed to be held at the house of William Denison, on the first Monday in April. March 8, 1814, a petition was presented by inhabitants of Zanesville and Springfield townships praying for a view on a road to begin "at the west end of Main Street, Zanesville, running thence to the island in the mouth of Licking, thence across both mouths until it intersects the out roads on each side of Licking." Joseph Thorp, John Springer and Henry Gray were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at the house of Thomas Wickham, April 10. On the same day occurred the second reading of the reports on three of the roads previously mentioned, and they were ordered to be opened a necessary distance, not exceeding sixty feet. William and Robert McConnell brought in a bill for damages on account of a road recently cut through their land. This road began at a bridge between lands of John Slack and William McConnell, and ran thence northeast to the county line to intersect the Coshocton county road near the HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 65 mouth of White Eyes creek. Thomas Dew, George W. Gibbons, Lewis Burns, Lemuel Joseph and John Gardner, were instructed to meet at the house of John Slack to appraise the damage and to " run another route," beginning at the end of John Robinson's land, and running thence to the two mile tree, near Henry Wilson's, and establish the same if they should think proper. As the assembly at its last session had left it optional with the commissioners of the different counties to levy a tax on houses, it was ordered by the commissioners of Muskingum county, that all houses in the different town ships throughout the county be made subject to taxation for the year 1814. June 6, 1814, a number of the inhabitants of Newton, Madison, Harrison and Clayton townships petitioned that a road be laid out beginning at Isaac Norris's, running thence west to a point somewhere near William Norris', thence to Andrew Crooks', at the bridge across Jonathan's creek. John Gardner, John Spear and John Porter were appointed viewers, to meet at the house of Isaac Norris on the last Monday in August. June 7, 1814 the commissioners went down to the Muskingum river to fix the most proper place in the dam to be built by John McIntire and associates for the slope to facilitate navigation. June 7, 1814, the following roads were established: a road beginning at John Chambers' blacksmith shop, running thence in an easterly direction along the ridge past the Methodist meeting-house to intersect the Cambridge road; a road beginning at Nathan Wilsons', and running thence northerly to intersect the " Tomaka " road at John Taylor's, Jr.; a road beginning at Leonard Stump's and running in a northeast direction to an intersection with the Tomaka road at John Taylor's; a road beginning at John Robinson's lane, and running thence to the two-mile tree. The road to begin at the west end of Main Street, Zanesville, previously mentioned, was set aside for the reason that the said road was previously established under authority of an act of the legislature of Ohio, which gave Moses Dillon and his associates a grant to build a bridge across the Muskingum river; in pursuance of which said parties applied to the court of common Pleas " for appraisers to view and value said damage done to the land at the bridging place, which had been done and entered upon the record of said court, by order of the same. And in consequence of the division of the commissioners, Dillon and associates gave notice of an appeal from the decision of the court of Common Pleas at its next session. June 8, 1814, tavern licenses were fixed as follows: In the town of Zanesville, $12; in the town of Springfield, $10; in the town of West Zanesville, $io; on the road from Wheeling to Chillicothe, $8; on all other roads throughout the county, $6. The ferry licenses were rated thus: From Zanesville to Springfield, $12; the upper ferry from Zanesville to Franklinton, $6; all others, $2 per annum. The ferry charges were regulated thus: For a wagon and five or six horses, seventy-five cents; a wagon and three or four horses, fifty cents; a wagon and two horses, thirty-seven and a half cents; a wagon and one horse, twenty-five cents; a man and horse, twelve and a half cents; a horse, mule or ass, six and a quarter cents; neat cattle, each six and a quarter cents; sheep and hogs, each three cents; foot passengers, each three cents. June 8, 1814, a petition presented by Porter Sawyer and John McIntire for an alteration in a road was set aside. June 8, 1814, the commissioners fixed the slope of the new dam across the Muskingum river. It was "ordered that the side of the slope shall begin one-third of the length of the dam from the abutment on the east side of the river." June 10, 1814, a petition was presented to the county board by a number of the inhabitants of Zanesville, asking the privilege of building a market house on the public square. At the same time a remonstrance against the granting of this prayer was presented, and not being taken into consideration, the petition was rejected, as there was a large majority against it. September 5, 1814, upon petition of John Van Vorhis for an alteration of the Newark road on his own land, beginning about eight perches west of John Hood's bridge, thence west 120 perches until it should intersect said road, David Vandebark, Leonard Stump and Joseph Thorp, were appointed viewers, and Jonathan Wood surveyor, of said proposed alteration, to meet at the house of John Van Vorhis on the first Saturday in October. A petition from inhabitants of Zanesville township asked for a road beginning at the east end of Market street, Zanesville, and running thence south and about eighty degrees east until it should intersect the Wheeling road, on the rising ground nearly opposite Willis Silliman's barn. John Spear and Levi Chapman were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet on the ground the last Saturday in September. Other inhabitants of 66 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Zanesville petitioned for a view on a road to begin at the Muskingum river, at Jeffrey Price's farm, running thence to said Price's gate, thence to Spencer Lehne's mill, thence northeasterly to an intersection with the " Tomaka " road, where Mr. Fulkerson's and Mr. Houck's line began on the same. Robert McConnell, John Gardner and John Slack were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at John Lehne's on the first Friday in October. On the next day, a petition was presented by inhabitants of Zanesville township, for an alteration of a road " beginning at the south end and passing through Porter Sawyer's lane," so as to intersect the Marietta road at the east corner of James McGuire's field. John Kipler, Lemuel Joseph and Lewis Carns were appointed viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet the last Saturday in October. The commissioners authorized the opening of the road beginning at the farm of Isaac Norris and extending to the bridge on Jonathan's creek. December 5, 1814, inhabitants of Jefferson and Highland townships petitioned for a view on a road to begin on the county line adjoining Patrick Miller's land, running thence north of and near the salt works, through the 1st section of the 3d township in the 7th range, so as to cross the Muskingum river at the aforesaid salt works, and running by Philip Sroyer's land further until it should strike the county line in Section No. 21, Township No. 2, Range No. 5. Daniel Stillwell, James Sprague and Peter Reasoner were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at the salt works on the last Monday in December. The next day the board took up the viewer's report on the road previously mentioned to begin at the east end of Market street, Zanesville; and a petition was presented by John McIntire, setting forth that, if the above report should be confirmed, he would suffer heavy damage. Thomas Nesbit, William McConnell, John Moore, William Ewings and Simeon Sims were appointed reviewers on said road, to appraise the damages that might be sustained by Mr. McIntire, provided the road should be established, and they were further authorized to view other ground, with a view to changing the course of the road if they should think expedient. June 6, 1814, the committee appointed to assess the damage to the McConnells on the road beginning at a bridge near John Slack's on the " Tomaka " road, and running thence as previously described, reported the damage to be $400; but stated that, as the law permitted, they had found another route, beginning at the end of John Robinson's lane and running thence to the two-mile tree, the adoption of which would involve no damage to the petitioners. December 6, 1814, the aforementioned road beginning at Jeffrey Price's farm and passing Spencer Lehne'smill and running as described, was established and ordered to be opened, sixty feet wide. The viewer's report was presented for an alteration of a road beginning and ending on the land of John Van Vorhis, about eight perches south of Jonathan Wood's bridge, on the Newark road, thence west 120 perches to intersect the said road, and the next day it was ordered that the road be established and opened. The viewer's report was presented on a road to begin at the end of Porter Sawyer's lane, running thence north sixteen perches, west twenty-two perches and the establishment of said road was ordered. December 7, 1814, John McIntire, Robert Fulton and Joseph Converse appeared before the board,and solicited remuneration for moneys advanced by them and their associates for building the court-house, etc., and after consuming considerable time in examining the nature of the claims, the board ordered that the clerk issue, in the name of John McIntyre, an order on the treasurer of the county for the sum of Moo, December 31, John McIntire produced an account against the county for coal grates for the court-house. After some investigation of papers in the office, the commissioners could find no evidence that the debt had been paid, but deferred action until investigation could be made. March 6, 1815, a petition was presented to the board asking that a road (which was subsequently opened) be laid out, to begin at the New Milford lane, in Harrison township, to intersect the county road at the upper end of Jacob Baher's lane, near the new bridge at Jonathan's creek. James Jeffries, John Thompson and George Matthews were appointed viewers, and Benjamin Beckwith surveyor, to meet at Milford, April 14. A review was asked for on part of the road leading from Newark to Springfield (or Putnam), beginning at the Muskingum and Licking county line. Conrad Emery, Adam Miller and Thomas Nesbit were appointed viewers, and Mr. Richards surveyor, to meet at the house of Adam Smith on the first Tuesday in March, and the change was duly made. A county road was asked for (and subsequently opened) from Irville, in Licking township, northwest, to the county line near James Thrap's, in Licking county. John Sidle, Edward Rogers and Joseph Thrap were appointed viewers, and Jonathan Wood surveyor, to meet at Irville, March 18. A petition was HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 67 presented for a view on a road (later laid out) to begin at a beech tree, near John Roberts', on the Newark road, in Falls township, running thence to intersect the Zanesville and Newark road, near Henry Turner's, thence on a north line, between Beal Owings and James Welch, to intersect Sidle's new: road. Jonathan Wood, David Vanderburg and Edward Rogers were appointed viewers, and John Roberts surveyor, to meet at John Roberts' March 25. A public road (afterward opened) was asked for, "to begin at the upper end of the county road, between Moses Plummer's stables and Squire Noak's fence, running thence to intersect the Federal road at a path leading to Cusac's, thence along the Federal road as far as practicable, and by the nearest course to the county line at the southwest corner of Section 34, Township 16, Range 15, Samuel Thrall's southwest corner. James Rusk, Thomas Wilson and John Rodman were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at the house of Andrew Cusac, April 1. A public road (which was afterward opened) was petitioned for, beginning on the Guernsey and Muskingum county line, below the breast of Judge Findlay's mill dam on Crooked creek, running thence along the present township road,, past Thomas Spear's house to near the west boundary of the southwest quarter of Section 1 Township 1, Range 5, thence to a point on the dividing ridge between the waters of White Eyes creek on the north, and Salt and Crooked -creeks on the south, thence along the ridge to Mr. Shrayer's, thence to the Muskingum, to cross at the Wills Creek salt works, and continue to the county line. This petition was presented by inhabitants of Jefferson township. James McMichael, Charles Roberts and Peter D. Reasoner were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet March 13, at Find-lay's mill. A road was petitioned for to begin at the road leading from the salt works to Cambridge, near the head of Fox creek, and running thence southwesterly to the road leading from the Wakatomaka road to Jacob Levingood's mill, at or near where John Levingood's mill path intersected the same, thence across the said road to the Wakatomaka road near its intersection with the Wheeling road. James Cummins, William McDonnell and John Gardner were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at the house of Daniel Geer, March 17. The report was unfavorable. March 7, 1815, a petition was presented for an alteration on the. Wheeling road to begin just west of the Three-mile spring and run through the land of John Spear, south of the present road, to intersect the Wheeling road near the intersection of the Wheeling and Wakatomaka road. Joseph. Smith, Jonah Fulkerson and Frederick Houck were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at the house of John Spear March 11, and the alteration was subsequently made. A petition was presented for a road (afterward opened) to begin at the east end of Ralph Hardesty's lane, to run thence to Thomas Cobeau's lane, thence to intersect the Marietta road at Captain Chandler's old blacksmith shop. Abraham Warner; James Brown and George Fay were appointed viewers, and John Moore. surveyor, to meet at the house of Ralph Hardesty March 14. A road (later laid out) was asked for, to begin at a whiteoak tree on the State road in Union township, between Ralph Hardesty's and Frederick Henderson's, and running thence by Thomas Calhoun's, Barnet Vandwork's, and Samuel McCutcheon's to Johnstone's road, thence southwesterly on said road to the first run west of Johnstone's, thence to Chandler's salt well, thence on Chandler's section line to intersect the Marietta road in Salt Creek township. Abraham Warner, James Brown and George Fay were appointed viewers, and John Moore surveyor, to meet at Ralph Hardesty's March 14, at which place and time they were to view another road, mentioned previously. A petitiom was presented praying for the establishment of a road to begin at the town of Putnam, and thence passing James McAdoo's, thence along the ridge between Licking and Jonathan creeks, to intersect a road leading from Licking furnace to Newark at or near Nathan Wilson's. John Matthews, Adam Frantz and Jacob Rees were appointed viewers, and Levi Whipple surveyor, to meet at the house of Winthrop Robertson, in Putnam, March 31. William Ewing, John Moore and William McConnell reported that they met at the market house in Zanesville, December 26, 1814, agreeable to the order of the commissioners, and viewed the road beginning at the east end of Market street, in Zanesville, and running thence through John McIntire's meadow easterly to a white oak tree, near the Wheeling road, opposite Willis Silliman's barn, and that they agreed that the damage done John McIntire in consequence of this road going through his meadow was $100. A petition was presented asking for an alteration in a road through David Lewis' land, from Spencer Lehne's mill to the "Tomaka" road. John Spear, Spencer Lehne and Frederick Howe were appointed viewers and William 68 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Craig surveyor, to meet at Lehne's mill, March 27. March 8, 1815, a petition from a number of the inhabitants of Salt Creek township was presented, praying that the original surveyed Township 13, Range 12, be erected into a township to be called Salt Creek; and that part of the surveyed Township 11 and 12, Range 12, lying east of the Muskingum river, be added to Blue Rock township. Other inhabitants of Salt Creek petitioned for the incorporation of the 13th surveyed township, 11th range and the 12th surveyed township, and that part of the 11th surveyed township in said Range included in Muskingum county, into a township to be called Rich Hill. The board ordered the establishment of these two townships. March 14, 1815, John McIntire entered into bonds to prosecute the trial of a road leading from the east end of Market street, Zanesville, to a whiteoak tree opposite to Silliman's barn. June 15, 1815, the commissioners were petitioned to lay out a road (afterward opened). from the State road, from the bridge across Jonathan's creek, thence to pass near Jacob Martin's mill, to the Muskingum and Licking county line, in Adam Smith's land, at or near the road from Newark to Putnam. John Dent, George Dealt and George Morgan were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at Andrew Crooks' tavern June 21. June 5, 1815, a second petition for the road from Putnam to the Newark and at or near Nathan Wilson's was presented, and John Springer, Thomas Nesbit and William Bonnefield were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet in 1 utnam, June 5. A petition was presented June 5, 1815, for a view on a proposed county road (later opened) to begin at Sidles' new road, at the bridge between Bland's and Porter's, and run thence to Bland's, thence to the falls of the Licking. Henry Dick, George Welch and Thomas Williams were appointed viewers and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at John Bland's June 16. The laying out of a road (afterward opened) was petitioned for to begin at the county road at Nathan Wilson's, and run thence northwesterly on or near the dividing ridge, between the waters of Licking and Jonathan's creeks to the county line to intersect a road in Licking county opposite the premises of Samuel Henslee. Thomas Nesbit, John Springer and William Bonnefield were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet at Nathan Wilson's June 20. On the same day a petition was presented preliminary to the laying out of a road beginning at the place where the Jefferson and Zanesville township line crosses the State road from Zanesville to Coshocton, and running to an intersection with the county road from the Newark road to Griffin's, at Wakatomaka creek. Aman Butler, Elijah Stradler and Isaac Kelly were appointed viewers, and John Whaller surveyor, to meet at the place above mentioned at the beginning of the road on the third Saturday in August. June 6, 1815, Charles Marquand asked the commissioners to fix the dimensions of a lock, or slope, on a mill dam to be erected on the northwest quarter of the 5th section, 3rd township, 5th range, on Wills creek; and the commissioners ordained that said slope should be built in such part of the dam as should best accommodate the navigation of the stream, that it should be twenty-five feet in width and extend down the stream a distance proportionate to the height of the dam, so that there should not be more than one inch fall in every foot in length of the slope, the mouth of which should be sunk two feet below the average height of the dam, and that the slope should at all times be provided with pulleys, catches and other necessary appliances for the purpose of facilitating the passage of boats, rafts and other water crafts up and down the stream. June 6, 1815, a petition was presented for the opening of a road to begin at the "mouth" of a lane near the east bank of the Muskingum river, a little more than two miles south from the town of Zanesville, where two sugartrees are standing on the land of Michael Peters, thence east between the lands of Thomas Dew and Samuel Frazier, thence east to Frazier's gristmill thence to the line between the lands of Thomas Dew and Daniel McLean, thence east to intersect the land of Samuel Herrick, a little south of the northwest corner of the same, thence east through Herrick's land, past a cabin occupied by one Wilson, thence easterly to the cabin of Walter Lindsey, thence easterly to intersect the county road leading from the Marietta road to Reeves' grist mill, between the four and five-mile trees on said road to a whiteoak tree marked T. D. Joseph Smith, William McConnel and John Robinson were appointed viewers, and Charles Roberts surveyor, to meet "at the river where the road begins," on the third Saturday in August. On the same day a petition was presented, by Henry Wilson, praying that an alteration be made in the public road running through his land, beginning at the five-mile tree and running northwestwardly to intersect the aforesaid road at or near a large HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 69 redoak. Robert McConnell, Jacob Bowers and John Slack viewers, and William Craig surveyor, to meet at the house of the petitioner on the fourth Tuesday in June. June 6, 1815, a petition was presented to the commissioners by a number of the inhabitants of Licking township, praying that said township be divided according to the following boundaries: "Beginning at the county line at the southwest corner of the 3rd section, thence east to the section line line that divides the 8th range, thence with the said line north five miles to the county line, thence west with the county line to the northwest corner of the county, thence with the county line south to the place of beginning." It was ordered that these boundaries be set off in a new township and be called Jackson township, and that the first election in and for the said township be held on the last Saturday in July, at the house of Thomas Blizzard. June 6, 1815, at the instance of John Chandler, road commissioner, appointed by the general assembly to superintend the building of a bridge on the Marietta road over Salt creek, Commissioners William Moore and William Hunter viewed the plan of said bridge and inspected its proposed sites and rendered an opinion that the most suitable place for the bridge was from a point on the east side of the creek, a short distance below where the road then crossed, marked by cuttings on some trees—said to be the ground on which the road was originally laid out. June 7, 1815, an alteration of a road begining at Lehu's mill was ordered. On this day the viewers' report on the road from Irville to the county line near James Thrap's was taken up by the board. A remonstrance was handed in signed by a number of inhabitants praying that a review might be granted on this road. Capt. James Taylor, Samuel Hanslee, Martin Rodebaugh; Edward Tanner and William Bonnefield were appointed reviewers, to meet at Johnston's tavern, in Irville, June 27. June 7, 1815, the commissioners established tavern licenses throughout the county as follows : In the town of Zanesville, $13; in the town of Putnam, $11; in the town of West Zanesville, $1 ; on the road from Chillicothe to Wheeling, $9.50; on the Post road from Zaneville to Newark, $8; at Dillon's furnace, $10; on all other roads throughout the county, $6. At the same time ferry licenses were rated as follows : From Zanesville to Putnam, $10; from the upper ferry at Zanesville to West Zanesville, $8; all other ferries now established or hereafter to be established, $2. Ferriage was regulated thus : For a wagon with five or six horses, seventy-five cents; for a wagon with three or four horses, 'fifty cents; for a wagon with two horses, thirty-seven and one-half cents; for a wagon and one horse, twenty-five cents; for a man and a horse, twelve and one-half cents; for horse, mule or ass, six and one-fourth cents; for neat cattle, each six and one-half cents; for sheep and hogs, each three cents; for a foot passenger three cents. CHAPTER V FURTHER PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD—OFFICIAL LISTS, ETC. IT is not intended in this chapter to give a I history of the courts and public buildings of Muskingum county. They are of such importance as to demand independent treatment. The design is to continue in these pages the record of important proceedings of the county board through the earlier years of the county's history, and in doing so any mention here of courts and public buildings may be deemed as merely incidental. The first court in Muskingum county was held in the tavern of David Harvey, on the southwest corner of Third and Main streets, in Zanesville. Subsequently court was held in a two-story log house on the west side of Sixth street, about 100 feet south of Main street. James Herron was the owner of this building. In 1808 the first court house, sheriff's house and jail were built. The court house was a frame structure, two stories high, 20 by 55 feet; the jail was two stories high, built of hewed logs, squared and lined on the inside with three- 70 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY inch planks. The lower story was for the imprisonment of criminals, the upper for debtors. The two buildings, court house and jail, were under one roof. The following entries relative to these buildings are found on the records of the commissioners: "January 25, 1808, the commissioners met agreeable to adjournment. Present, William Newell and Jacob Gomber. The board proceeded according to resolution (the same being advertised according to law) to sell the necessary materials and the workmanship thereof (William Reynolds auctioneer) for the completion of the temporary court house and gaol of this county, the same being purchased by Henry Ford for the sum of $480. The board then adjourned until to-morrow morning." "January 26th the board met agreeable to adjournment and William Newell and Jacob Gomber were present. Henry Ford gave his bond, with Increase Matthews, Peter Speck and John Seavens as sureties "for the faithful performance and execution of the completion of the temporary court house and gaol (a schedule of the particulars being thereunto attached) and the same, being received by the board, was filed accordingly." The board immediately gave their bond in behalf of the county in favor of said Ford "for the full payment for his services after the same being by them received, by an order on the county treasurer for the amount thereof." December 7, 1808, Henry Ford presented his account for finishing the court house and jail. It was ordered that when, in the opinion of William Newell, the said work should be finished, agreeable to contract, the clerk give orders on the treasurer for the balance due Ford, the work, so far as it had been done, having met with the approbation of the commissioners. An idea of the close economy observed in those days may be gleaned from the fact that only two of the commissioners, Henry Newell and Jacob Gomber, assented to the letting of the contract to Ford at $480, the other refusing to sign because he thought the price extravagant, yet court house, sheriff's house, jail and debtor's prison cost only a trifle over $100 each. March 6, 1809, a committee from the town of Zanesville appeared before the county board and offered to loan the county money sufficient to build a brick court house on the public ground in said town. March 8, the commissioners having taken into consideration "the proposals made by a number of the inhabitants of the town of Zanesville" for erecting a court house in said town, agreed and consented to the erection of said building on the following conditions; "The money which may be loaned the county by individuals for the aforesaid use shall not draw interest until the building is finished entirely. Also that no money shall be drawn from the county treasury to go toward the payment of either principal or interest so loaned, until all other demands which are against the county are discharged, and also all ordinary expenses of said county which may accrue from time to time are paid. The surplus revenue of said county may be applied to the discharge of said loan, but the county is never to be sued for the payment thereof; and further, within three months after the contract is signed for the erection of said building, there shall be paid to the undertaker $1,000, and afterwards $1,000 shall be paid quarter-yearly until $6,000 shall have been paid, and the residue, if any, for the completion of said building shall be paid within six months thereafter, provided the building shall progress so fast as to justify such payments, which shall be judged of by the commissioners. The house is to be built of brick, to be fifty feet square, or to contain 2,500 square feet, and thirty feet high from the ground floor, said house to be finished by the first day of November, one thousand eight hundred and ten. No money is to be appropriated, and no subsequent contracts are to be entered into by the commissioners, until the money so loaned together with the interest thereon, is paid, except for the payment for the digging of a well on the public ground and procuring stones forthe gaol." William Newell entered his protest against the foregoing proceedings, as, in his opinion, the commissioners had no right, by law, to loan money or to pledge the faith of the county for the payment of such loan. The following is a copy of a bond for the payment of money loaned under the above provisions for the erection of the building mentioned: "Know all men by these presents that we, John McIntire, Jeffery Price, Robert Taylor, William Raynolds, Joseph F. Munro, Wyllys Silliman, Daniel Converse, Robert Fulton, are held and firmly bound unto Jacob Gomber, Daniel Stillwell and William Newell, commissioners of Muskingum county in the sum of $16,000, for the payment of which we bind our, and each of our, heirs, executors and administrators. The condition of this bond is this, that, whereas the commissioners of Muskingum county have agreed to build a court house on condition that the sum of money necessary to build the same should be advanced by the inhabitants of said county, now, if the said sum necessary for building shall be paid the said commissioners agreeably to the con- HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 71 tract to be entered into by the commissioners for building said house, then this obligation to be void, else to remain in full force." This document was signed and sealed in the presence of Hugh Hazlett and John Van Horn by John McIntire, Jeffery Price, Robert Taylor, William Raynolds, Joseph F. Munro, Wyllys Silliman, Daniel Converse and Robert Fulton. It was ordered by the board that the building of the court house be sold to the lowest bidder on the first Monday in April following, and the digging of the well was likewise provided for. The plan of the court house was adopted March 31, 1809, and ordered to be copied and prepared for the examination of any person calling for the same. April 10, 1809, the day advertised for the letting of the building of the court-house, the plan and necessary requirements were made public. William Raynolds was appointcd crier, and the contract was let to Joseph F. Munro, Daniel Converse, John Williamson and James Hampson for $7,550. William Newell was appointed to approve of the sufficiency of the security to be given by these persons for the erection of said building. It was ordered that the court-house be located fifty feet back from the main street, and in the center between the alley and east end of the lot. Jacob Crooks bid off the digging and stoning of the well at $100. "Requisitions and restrictions for building the court-house in Zanesville: 1st. The foundation of said building to be laid with good and sufficient stone, to be sunk eighteen inches underground. and raised one foot above the level of the surface of the earth, which walls are to be laid thirty-six inches thick. Thence (except on the back or north end of said building) the walls to be raised three tiers high with cut stone of the following dimensions, viz.: The first or lower tier to raise one foot, the second tier to raise eleven inches, and the third tier to raise ten inches. The wall from the bottom of the cut stone to the top of the same to be laid thirty-three inches thick; the back or north end of said wall to be laid the same height and thickness as last described, with suitable stone, but not cut. All of which stone is to be laid in good lime mortar, and in the best, substantial, workmanlike manner. From the top of the cut stone the walls of said building are to be raised with good and sufficient brick, thirty-one feet high. In the lower or ground story the brick walls are to, be laid twenty-two inches thick, and raised eighteen feet high; the walls of the upper story to be eighteen inches thick, and raised twelve feet above the top of the chamber joists. There is to be a tier of cut stone dividing the stories as exhibited on the plan. 2nd. The window frames are to be beveled frames, made of the solid of black walnut or yellow poplar timber, to be wrought out in a proper manner to receive weights for hanging the windows, and rabbited to receive shutters on the outside; the window sills to be of cut stone of a size corresponding with the caps. 3rd. The cornice to have a cove under the plancher, and eyed lintels exactly proportioned to the height of the building. 4th. The outside doors and the windows back of the judge's seat to be done agreeably to the plans 5th. The roof to be of the best of timber, and a sufficient quantity and size, and framed in the best possible manner for the support of the cupola, which roof and cupola are to be sufficiently bound with iron wherever necessary. The said roof to be sheeted with boards of a suitable thickness, and of oak. The shingles to be made of chestnut timber, eighteen inches in length, and five-eighths of an inch thick at the butt end, to lay five inches to the weather, and to be put on in the best possible workmanlike manner, the hips and valleys to be turned in a proper and workmanlike manner. The cupola is to be eight-square (octagonal). 6th. The stairs to be made with rampt hand-railing and turned banisters, which stairs are to be neatly enclosed below with wainscoting; the residue of said stairs to be finished in the best, workmanlike manner, and in uniformity with the parts thereof before described. 7th. The hand-railing and banisters in front of the judges, and all the other hand-railings and banisters in said building to be finished in the same order as is mentioned in the sixth requisition, 8th. The platform on which the judge's seat is to stand to be raised four feet from the floor, the stairs leading up to said seat to rise eight inches each step, and to be hand-railed as above; the judge's seat to be a movable settee. 9th. The back jury boxes to be raised one foot from the floor, and the front boxes one foot and four inches, to be finished with hand-railing, and banisters in front. wth. The sheriff's and coroner's boxes to be raised one foot from the floor, and the deputy sheriff's and constable's boxes to be raised eight inches, and the whole of the exterior circle,, whereon said boxes are placed, to be finished with a hand-railing and banisters of the description mentioned in the sixth requisition. 11th. All the circular seats, together with the clerk's seat and desk, and the counsel table to be finished in the best workmanlike manner, corresponding and in uniformity with 72 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. the other parts of said building; the clerk's seat to be raised one foot and four inches from the floor. 12th. The second story to be divided agreeably to the plan, all of which partitions are to be studded, lathed and plastered, all of "which work is to be done in a substantial, workmanlike manner. 13th. The two first floors are to be laid out with good oak boards of one and one-fourth inch thickness, and to show six inches when laid, to be tongued and grooved, and to be broken joints; the chamber floor to be planed, all to be dome in the best workman like manner; the garret floor to be laid with oak boards, tongued and grooved, and done in a suitable manner 14th. To each window in said house there shall be Venetian blinds, to be painted green, and hung in a proper manner, with inside bolts, and harps to fasten them back on the outside. 15th. The garret stairs to be inclosed with a stud partition, lathed and plastered. 16th. The walls of said house to be painted and penciled, the window frames, sash and cornice to be painted white; the roof sufficiently painted with Spanish brown; the doors and inside work all to be painted such color or colors as the commissioners may direct. 17th. The windows are to be capped with cut stone agreeably to the plan. 18th. All the inside of the house to be lathed (when necessary), and plastered in the best workmanlike manner. 19th. All the doors and chimney breasts to be finished in the composite order, and in good, workmanlike manner. loth. The doorsteps to be of cut stone agreeable to the plan, and the door sills to be of cut stone; the platform for the doorsteps to be four feet wide. 21st. There shall be a water table of cut stone, four inches deep. 22d. The sash to be one and three-fourths inches thick, and made and glazed in the best manner. 23d. The windows to be jamb cased with panel-work, and a double overatrive wrought on the inside casing, the outside doors to be jamb-cased and overatrived in the same manner. 24th. There shall be a good and sufficient washboard and chairboard in every part of said house where they may be thought necessary, to be executed in a manner conforming with the other work on said building. 25th. All the doors for said building are to be panel-work, and the locks on the outside doors to be ten inches long, with brass knobs and handles, the inside doors to. have brass knob locks of a suitable size. 26th. Two ten plate stoves are to be placed in the chamber, agreeable to the plan, with sheet iron pipes of suitable dimensions leading from said stoves in a proper manner into the chimney. 27th. An oval or round window is to be made, glazed and placed on the pediment. 28th. The chamber joists to be placed eighteen inches asunder from center to center, to be fourteen inches in depth, and three inches thick. 29th. The commissioners shall have a right to alter their ground plan, and chamber floor plan, so far as to add other summers or girders, and also two other pillars and posts for the support of the same 30th. The principal timbers in the lower floor to be fourteen inches by twelve inches, of the best whiteoak timber, and the main timbers in the chamber floor to be twelve inches by fourteen inches, and the main timbers in the garret to be ten inches by twelve inches, and the joists of said garret to be twelve inches by three inches. 31st. The mantelpieces are to be of cut stone, and the jambs are also to be of cut stone, and done in the best manner. All and singular, the work necessary for completing said building, and which may not be mentioned in these requisitions, is to be done in the best, substantial, workmanlike manner 33d. The foundation is to be, and the timber for the lower floor is to be placed ready to commence the brick work on or before the tenth day of July next; the brick walls to be raised to the top of the first story, and the chamber timbers placed on or before the tenth day of October next; the second story to be raised and the roof on and shingled by the tenth day of December next; and the whole of the work for the completion of said building shall be. done on or before the first day of November, one thousand eight hundred and ten. 34th. On condition that the work on the aforesaid building shall progress as before required, there shall be paid to the contractors on the tenth of July next one thousand dollars, and one thousand dollars thereafter to be paid quarter-yearly until six thousand dollars shall have been paid, and the residue, if any, to be paid in six months thereafter, which payments are to be made by a draft on John McIntire, Jeffery Price, Robert Taylor, William Raynolds, Joseph F. Munro, Wyllys Silliman, Daniel Converse and Robert Fulton, or their treasurer, as per their bond given the commissioners for the payments as aforesaid. 35th. The commissioners reserve a right to employ other hands to carry on said building in case the contractors shall neglect or fail to carry it on agreeable to their requisitions, which workmen shall be paid by the contractor, or the money stopped in the hands of the commissioners for their payment. The commissioners shall, once in three months from the signing of the contract, examine the works on said building, and either approve or disapprove of the same HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 73 so far as it shall then have progressed; and if they disapprove of it, the commissioners shall choose one mechanic, and the contractor another, of good character, who shall examine the work, and if those so chosen cannot agree, they are to choose a third person to examine and determine with them. No person is to be chosen for the aforesaid purpose but those perfectly disinterested, and who have not wrought on said building, and in case the said referees are of the opinion that the work, or any part thereof, is not done agreeably to contract they shall estimate the deficiency, which shall be deducted from the next payment. 36th. Bonds for the performance of said work are to be given,with approved security. 37th. The pillars to be made in the Tuscan order, and neatly executed." June 7, 1809, the board ordered that Benjamin Tupper make out and furnish the contract for building the court-house, with the necessary plats of said building. The commissioners met in accordance with adjournment, Monday, June To, 1809. William Newell, Jacob Gomber and Daniel Stillwell were present, and proceeded to examine the work on the brick court house, so far as it had progressed, and gave Messrs. Williamson and Hampson an order on John McIntire, treasurer of the Zanesville Court House Company, for $750, that being the balance due on the first installment. October 6, 1809; it was ordered by the board that the clerk give an order on John McIntire, treasurer of the Zanesville Court House Company, for $1,000, to be given in favor of Messrs. Hampson and Williamson. The work on the court house, so far as it had progressed, met with the approbation of the commissioners. On the 8th of March, 1810, the inhabitants of the town. of Zanesville made a proposition to the commissioners, for the erection of a brick building on the public square, one part of which should be appropriated as an office for the register of the county, and the other part as an office for the county clerk. After consideration, the board agreed to the erection of said building, on the following conditions: "First—The money necessary for erecting said building is to be loaned the county by individuals, which is to draw interest after the buildings are finished. Second—No part of either principal or interest of the money so loaned is to be paid until after the money which has already been loaned for the building of the court house, together with the interest thereon, shall have been paid, and all other contingent expenses which have accrued, or may accrue, shall have been discharged, and there shall be a surplus of money in the county treasury. Third—Bonds are to be given for the payment of the money necessay for erecting and finishing said buildings. 'Fourth—The money to be paid agreeable to the contract the commissioners may make with the undertaker, and by draft, as in case of the court house. Fifth—The building to be sold to the lowest bidder the loth day of April next." Following is a copy of a bond for the payment of the money loaned as above mentioned, for the purpose specified: "Know all men by these presents, that we, Isaac Van Horne, John McIntire and Wyllys Silliman, are held and firmly bound unto Daniel Stillwell and Thomas Nisbet, commissioners of Muskingum county; in the sum of one thousand dollars, for the payment of which we bind ourselves, one and each, our heirs, executors and administrators firmly by these presents. Sealed with our seals, dated this day of March, one thousand eight hundred and ten. The condition of the above obligation is this, that, whereas the commissioners of Muskingum county have agreed to build offices for the register and clerk of the county, on condition that the sum of money necessary for the erection and completion of said building shall be paid the said commissioners agreeable to the .contract to be entered into by them for erecting said building, then the obligation to be void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue." This document was signed by Messrs. Van Horne, McIntire and Silliman, in the presence of Benjamin Tupper and W. Raynolds. April 9, 1810, the commissioners met, and formulated the following requisition and restrictions for building the county offices: First—A brick house, 24x28 feet; the story to be ten feet in the clear, the brick to be of a good quality. Second---The foundation to be of stone, sunk eighteen inches below the surface of the ground, and raised eighteen inches above the ground with good ranged work; one range ten inches, the other eight, the stone under ground to be of a good quality likewise, all to be twenty-two inches thick, except the cross walls, which are to be fifteen, Third—All the out walls to be fourteen inches thick, except the vaulted ends, which are to be twenty-two and a half inches, the partition walls and gable. ends to be nine inches thick, except the part connected with the vaults, which is to be fourteen inches. The arches are to be sprung lengthwise of the vaults, and to be nine inches thick. Fourth----The floor to be laid with brick or tile, and to be leveled with the brick work. Fifth—Two chimneys agreeable to the plan. Sixth—A square roof framed 74 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. in a good manner, sheeted with oak boards, to be covered with joint shingles, made of chestnut timber, eighteen inches long, to lay five inches to the weather. Seventh—A plain cornice with bead molding. Eighth—Six fifteen-light windows, glass to be lox 12 inches, revealed frames, single architraves inside; ovolo sash, panel shutters, with sufficient hangings and fastenings; the windows to be glazed in a good manner. Ninth—Two doors in front, with revealed frames, transom lights; the doors to be panneled and lined, and to be hung in a sufficient manner, with ten-inch knob locks; an arch to be sprung over each door and window. Tenth—There are to be two doors leading to the fireproof rooms, to be made of sheet iron,, with brass running round the edges, two bars running lengthwise of the doors, and four across, which bars are to be of a sufficient size of wrought iron, and two bars over each door, to support the arches; also best kind of hinges, built in the wall, and double-bolted padlocks. Eleventh—The inside of the house, wherever necessary, to be plastered with two sufficient coats. Twelfth—Plain work and chairboards round the two outside rooms. Thirteenth—The sash to be painted white. Fourteenth—The brick to be penciled. Fifteenth—All the materials for the before-mentioned building to be of the best quality, and all the work to be done in the most workmanlike manner., Sixteenth—The money to be paid to the contractor in four different installments—the first instalment on the first Tuesday of June next, at which time the foundation must be laid; the remaining installments to be paid quarter yearly. Seventeenth--The building to be completed by the middle of September next. Twentieth—The contractor shall give bond to the commissioners, with approved security, for the faithful performance of the conditions of sale in double the amount at which the building is bid off." June 13, 1810, the commissioners ordered that " the public offices be placed as follows: The south wall of the offices to range with the north wall of the court house and on .the west end of the same." December 6, 1810, James Hampson stated to the commissioners that the public offices were completed according to contract, and it was crdered that the clerk give Hampson an order on John McIntire for $920 as payment in full for building said offices. December 6, 1810, on motion " it was ordered and agreed that the Methodist Society shall have a right to occupy the old court house for a meeting house, and the new court house on their quarterly days, when it shall not interfere with other appointments, and that the Presbyterian society occupy the new court house. Both societies are to keep the house clean and to make good any damage which may be done in consequence of their meeting therein. Any other Christian society shall have a right to meet on the same grounds; that is, of keeping clean, and in either of said houses when not occupied as above." On the 1pth of January, 1811, on application of the subscribers to the court house stock, the board ordered that subscribers who had paid their subscriptions in full should receive certificates for the same in accordance with the original order, made March 8, 1809, which should bear, interest from January io, 1811, and that all payments made in full subsequent to that date should bear interest from the time it should be made, and dividend payments should be made to such stockholders out of the surplus revenue in the county treasury, in accordance with the requisitions for building the courthouse in proportion to their individual subscriptions and payments. March 6, 1811, it appears, the commissioners acknowledged the indebtedness of the county to John McIntire, Jeffery Price, Robert Taylor, William Raynolds, Joseph F. Munro, Wyllys Silliman, Daniel Converse and Robert Fulton, of $7,550 with interest at 6 per cent. from December 1, 1810. This was a part of the indebtedness incurred in erecting the brick court house. March 5, 1811, it was ordered that the old court house be rented to the Rev. William Jones for the term of one year from and after the 11th day of March instant, to be occupied as a school room, for which Mr. Jones was to pay two dollars per month, and to repair all damages which might be done said room by himself or scholars, and to leave the same in as good repair as at the beginning of his term of lease. It was ordered that, on the presentation of a certificate signed by these parties or any five of them, stating that the person in whose name it was to be issued had paid for his stock in full, the clerk should issue an order on the county treasurer for the amount of the same, agreeable to the requisitions of the commissioners for building said court house, and agreed to by Mr. McIntire and the others, the sum specified on said certificate, to be considered as a part of the aggregate sum named and charged accordingly on the books of the commissioners. The following was adopted as the form of the order: "Commissioner's Office, Muskingum County, Ohio, April --, 181–. Ordered by the commissioners that the treasurer HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 75 of said county pay A. B., or his assigns the sum of _____ dollars, with interest from the first day of December, 1810, to be paid out of any surplus money in the treasury of said county, agreeable to the contract entered into by the commissioners and John McIntire and others for building a court house in the town of Zanesville, and in conformity to the resolutions of the commissioners of the 8th of March, 1809." April 18, 1811, the board ordered that William Craig be directed to get the necessary repairs made on the pump in the public well at the expense of the county; and that Jacob Crooks be directed to make the necessary repairs on the jail and erect a whipping post. September 21, 1811, the commissioners, at the request of James Hampson, proceeded to view the court house and satisfy themselves that it was finished according to contract; " and having made some progress, they adjourned to meet on October 1." On the latter day, the record states, " they proceeded to examine the court house work and compare it with the requisitions of the contract; and having made some progress, they adjourned to meet to-morrow morning at eight o'clock." The following entry appears under date of October 2: "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment, when they proceeded as above, and also to settle with the contractors of said building, and do find that the county stands indebted to Messrs. Hampson & Williamson, as contractors, for extra work in the sum of $194.76." December 4, 1811, James Hampson, in the name of Williamson & Hampson, received an order on John McIntire, treasurer of the Court House Company, for the sum of $1,550, the last payment in full for the erection of the court house, in accordance with the contract entered into by John McIntyre and others. June 19, 1814, the commissioners of Muskingum county met at the request of the commissioners of the Muskingum bank, to make arrangements to rent the county offices, and after due consideration an order was made that the offices be let to the president and directors of the bank for the term of five years, or until the expiration of the charter of the bank, at the yearly rental of $60, beginning on the first day of July; said offices to be delivered up to the commissioners as good order as they were at that date allowing for the inevitable wear and tear of such building. March 7, 1815, the middle room in the court house chamber was rented to Peter Mills and others for the use of the Freemasons' lodge, at $3 per month. The following lists of county officers from 1804 to 1877 were compiled from the " Proceedings at the Dedication of the Muskingum County Court House," and published for the Bar Association in 1877: MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Senators,-1805, Jos. Buell, Hallem Hempsted, Athens, Gallia, Washington and Muskingum; 1806, Hallem Hempsted, Leonard Jewett, district the same; 1807, Leonard Jewett, John Sharp, district the same; 1808-9, Robert McConnell, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; Robert McConnell, Guernsey, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; 1812-14, Robert McConnell, Muskingum; 1815-16, Ebenezer Buckingham, Muskingum; 1817-18, George Jackson, Muskingum; 1819, Samuel Sullivan (resigned), Muskingum; 1820, John Matthews, Muskingum; 1821-22, Thomas Ijams, Washington; 1823--24, Ebenezer Buckingham, Muskingum; 1825-26, Wylly's Silliman, Muskingum; 1827-29, John Hamm (resigned), Muskingum; 1830, James Ragnet, Muskingum; 1831-32, Ezekiel T. Cox, Muskingum; 1833-34, Thomas Anderson, Muskingum; 1835-38, Samuel J. Cox, Muskingum; 1839-42, James Henderson, Muskingum; 1843-44, David Chambers, Muskingum (speaker, 1844); 1845-- 48, Charles B. Goddard, Muskingum (speaker, 1847); 1849-50, Charles C. Conyers, Muskingum (speaker, 1850); 1852-53, William E. Finck, Muskingum and Perry; 1854-55, Hugh J. Jewett, Muskingum and Perry; 1856-57, Eli A. Spencer, Muskingum and Perry; 1858-59, Ezekiel Vanatta, Muskingum and Perry; 1860-61, Charles W. Potwin, Muskingum and Perry; 1862-63, William E. Finck, Muskingum and Perry; 1864-65, Thomas J. Maginnis, Muskingum and Perry; 1866-69, Daniel B. Linn, Muskingum and Perry; 1870-73, William H. Holden, Muskingum and Perry; 1874-77, Elias Ellis, Muskingum and Perry. Representatives. 1805, Elijah Hatch, James Clark, James E. Phelps, Athens, Gallia, Muskingum and Washington; 1806, Levi Barker, Lewis Cass, William H. Puthuff, Athens, Gallia, Muskingum and Washington; 1807, John R. P. Burean, Joseph Palmer, John Mathews, Athens, Gallia, Muskingum and Washington; 1808, David J. Marple, James Clark, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; 1809, David J. Marple, George Jackson, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; 1810, George Jackson, David J. Marple, Guernsey, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; 1811, George Jackson, William Frame, Coshocton, Guernsey, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; 1812, John Hamm, Stephen C. Smith, Muskingum; 1813, Stephen C. Smith, Joseph K. McCune, Muskingum; 1814, David Chambers, Stephen C. Smith, Mus- 76 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY kingum; 1815, Robert Mitchell, Joseph K. McCune, Muskingum; 1816, Robert Mitchell; Robert McConnell, Muskingum; 1817, Christian Spangler, Thomas Nisbet, Muskingum; 1818, -James Hampson, John Reynolds, Muskingum; 1819, John Reynolds, Robert McConnell, Muskingum; 1820, Alexander Harper, Robert K. McCune, Muskingum; 1821; Alexander Harper, William H. Moore, Muskingum; 1822, William H. Moore, Nathan C. Findlay, Muskingum; 1823, John C. Stockton, Joseph K. McCune, Muskingum;, 1824, Thomas L. Pierce, Thomas Flood, Muskingum; 1825, Thomas L. Pierce, James Hampson, Muskingum; 1826, Thomas Flood, James Hampson, Muskingum; 1827, James Hampson, John C. Stockton, Muskingum; 1828, Wyllys Silliman, David Chambers, Muskingum; 1829, Littleton Adams, James Raguet, Muskingum; 1830, Thomas Maxfield, Littleton Adams, Muskingum; 1831,, Appleton Downer, David Peairs, Muskingum; 1832, William Cooper, John H. Keith, Muskingum; 1833, John H. Keith, William Cooper, Muskingum; 1834, Aaron Robinson, William H. Moore, Muskingum; 1835, Aaron Robinson, William H. Moore, Muskingum; 1836, David Chambers, Muskingum; 1837, David Chambers, David K. McCune, Muskingum; 1838, David Chambers, Charles B. Goddard, Muskingum; 1839, Abraham Pollock, George W. Adams, Muskingum; 1840, Abraham Pollock, John Watkins, Muskingum; 1841, David Chambers, Charles Bowen, Muskingum; 1842, David Chambers, Charles Bowen, Muskingum; 1843, Joseph Fisher, Davis Johns, Muskingum; 1844, Davis Johns, Muskingum; 1845, Edward Ball, John Trimble, Muskingum; 1846, John Trimble, .Muskingum; 1847, A. S. B. Culbertson, Abel Randall, Muskingum; 1848, Abel Randall, Muskingum; 1849, Edward Ball, Muskingum; 185o, William Morgan, Muskingum; 1852, William Morgan, William C. Filler, Muskingum; 1854, John Metcalf, Samuel McCann; Muskingum; 1856, John A. Blair, John Crooks, Muskingum; 1858, John A. Blair, Lewis Frazee, Muskingum; 1860, Daniel Van Vorhes, Elisha I. Trimble, Townsend Gore, Muskingum; 1862, Thaddeus A. Reamy, Jacob Glessner, Muskingum; 1864, James Gallogly, Elija Little, Muskingum; 1866, A. W. Shipley, Perry Wiles, Muskingum; 1868, Edward Ball, H. J. Jewett, Muskegon, 1870, Edward Ball, Elias Ellis, Muskingum; 1872, William H. Ball, Elias Ellis, Muskingum; 1874, James A. Moorehead, John B. Sheppard, Muskingum; 1876, Harvey L. Cogsil, L. Rambo, Muskingum. President Judges-Common Pleas.-Levin Betts. 1804-05; Calvin Pease, 1805-08; William Wilson, 1808-22; Alexander Harper, 18221836; Corrington W. Searle, 1836-47; Richard Stilwell, 1847-51; Corrington W. Searle, 1851-52. Judges of Common Pleas. Richard Stilwell, February 19, 1852, September .16, 1854; John E. Hanna, September 16, 1854, October 20, 1854; Charles C. Conyers, October 20, 1854, October 19, 1855; Corrington W. Searle, October 19, 1855;. October 25, 1856; Lucius P. Marsh, October 25, 1856; February 9; 1862; Ezra E. Evans, February 9, 1862, December 10, 1866: Moses M. Granger, December 10, 1866, October 9, 1871; Frederick W. Wood, August 3, 1869, August 3, 1874; William H. Frazier, October 9, 1871, to February 9, 1882; Lucius P. Marsh, August 3, 1874, to August, 3, 1879. For continuation see chapter on bench and bar. Associate Judges of Common Pleas.-In February, 1804, David Harvey, William Wells and John Campbell were commissioned as the first three associate judges for Muskingum county. William Wells resigned before taking his seat, and on March 15, 1804, Jesse Fulton was appointed to fill the vacancy. David Harvey resigned June 19, 1804, and on June 29, 1804, Richard McBride was appointed in his place. John Campbell resigned December 4, 1804, and on Deember 13, 1804, Giles Hempstead was appointed. On February 7, 1805, the legislature elected Jesse Fulton, Richard McBride and Seth Carhart. David Harvey, February 17, June 19, 1804; William Wells, February 18, February 25, 1804; John Campbell, February 20, December 4, 1804,.; Jesse Fulton, March 15, 1804, 1815; Richard McBride, June 29, 1804, 1813; Giles Hempstead, December 13, 1804, February 7, 1805; Seth Carhart, February 7, 1805, did not accept; William Mitchell, February 27, 1805, 1815; David Findlay, 1813, 1820; Stephen C. Smith, 1815, 1818; Daniel Stilwell, 1815, 1822; Robert Mitchell, 1818, 1833; John Reynolds, 1820, to June 27, 1822; Robert McConnell, January, 1822, August 6, 18271 David Young, June 27, 1822, January, 1823; Thomas Ijams, January, 1823, 1830; Edwin Putnam, August 6, 1827, 1842; Mathew McElhinney, .1830, 1837; , William Blocksom, 1833, 1840; James Jeffries, 1837, 1844; William Cooper, 1840, 1847; Jacob P. Springer, 1842, 1852; Horatio J. Cox, 1844, 1852; Wilkin Reed, 1847, 1852. Probate Judges.-Mahlon Sims, February 9, 1852-58; William T. Mason, February 9, 1858-64; Robert W. P. Muse, February 9, 1864-70; Henry L. Korte, February 9, 1870-73; Reuben H. Morgan, February 9, 1873-75; HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 77 Henry L. Korte was appointed on the 24th day of March, 1875, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Morgan. In October, 1876, he was elected for the full term to expire February 9,1879. For contipuation see chapter on Bench and Bar. Supreme Court.-The first regular term of began September 9, 1805. Present Samuel the supreme court held in Muskingum county, Huntington and William Sprigg, judges. The following list shows the clerks of the supreme court for Muskingum county:-Abel Lewis, 1805-12; John C. Stockton, 1812-17; Daniel Chambers, 1817-21; John Peters (pro tern.), 1821; Ezekiel T. Cox, 1821-28; John Wilson, Jr., 1828-34; Ezekiel T. Cox, 1834-52. Clerks of Common Pleas. Abel Lewis, 1804-12; John C. Stockton, 1812-17; David Chambers, 1817-21; John Peters, (pro tern, ) 1821; Ezekiel T. Cox, 1821-28; John Wilson, Jr., 1828-34; Ezekiel T. Cox, 1834-41; George W. Manypenny, 1841-46; Anthony Wilkins, 1846-52; Charles C. Russell, 1852-64; John Hoopes, 1864-67; Gemmill Arthur, 1867-70; George W. Blocksom, 1870 (pro tem.); Edgar Allen, 1870-73; Frederick W. Geiger, 1873. Clerk Russell, in October, 1863, was elected for a fifth term, to expire February 9,1867, but resigned in April, 1864. Clerk Geiger was elected a second time, in October, 1876; his term to expire in the fall of 1879. For continuation see chapter on Bench and Bar. Sheriffs.-- George Beymer, 1804-08; Jacob Crooks, 1808-12; John Reynolds, 1812-16; Charles Roberts, 1816-19; James Hampson, 1819-23; John Burwell, 1823-27; John Stanton, 1827-29; Daniel Brush,1829-33; Asa R. Cassidy, 1833-37; Zachariah Adams, 1837-39; Edward Ball, 1839-43; John Dillon, 1843-47; Carson Porter, 1847-50 (died in office); Benjamin F. Leslie, 1850-54; Joseph Richey, 1854-56; James C. Wolf, 1856-58; Penrod Bateman, 1858-60; James C. Wolf, 1860-64 (died in office); John Quigley, (coroner and acting sheriff), 1864-65; Benjamin F. Leslie, 1865-69; Benson Loyd, 1869-73; William Ruth, 1873-77; Orrin Ballou, 1877. Sheriff Ballou's term expired in January, 1881. Prosecuting Attorneys.-Lewis Cass, 1804, 1812; Samuel Herrick, 1812, 1818; John C. Stockton, 1818, 1820; Richard Stilwell, 1820, 1837; Wyllys Buell, 1837 to April, 1839; Cautious C. Covey, April, 1839, to November, 1839; Napoleon A. Guille, 1839 to 1851; William H. Ball, 1851 to April, 1853; John O'Neill, April, 1853, to January, 1856; John C. Hazlett, January, 1856, to October, 1861; John Haynes, October, 1861, to October, 1864; Lyman J. Jackson, October, 1864, to January, 1866; Moses M. Granger, January, i866, to December, 1866; Albert W. Train, December, 1866, to January, 1868; Milton I. Southard, January, 1868, to November, 1872; Daniel B. Gary, November, 1872, to January, 1874; Albion J. Andrews, January, 1874, to January, 1878. For continuation see chapter on Bench and Bar. County Commissioners.-On the evidence of our oldest inhabitant, Stephen Reeve, Esq., who leased school land of them in 1804, our first county commissioners were William Montgomery, Joseph F. Munro and Christian Spanger. The records show: Isaac Evans, _____ to December, 1807; Robert Speer, _______ to December, 1807; William Whitten, _____ to December, 1808; William Newell, _____ to December, 1809; Jacob Gomber, from December, 1807, to December, 1809; Daniel Stilwell, from December, 1808, to December, 1811 ; Thomas Nisbet, from December, 1809, to December, 1812; George Reeve, from April, 1810, to December, 1810; John Wiley, from December, 1810, to April, 1814 (died); Benjamin Spry, from December, 1811, to September, 1814; William H. Moore, from December, 1812, to December, 1818; Luke Walpole, from April, 1814, to September, 1814; James L. Fleming, from December, 1814, to October, 1819; William Hunter, from December, 1814, to November, 1817; Simeon Sims, from November, 1817, to November, 1820; Thomas Flood, from December, 1818, to November, 1820; John Robertson, from October, 1819, to December, 1825; Jared Brush, from November, 1820; to December, 1824; James Jeffries, from March 1821, to December, 1821; Israel Robinson, from December, 1821, to December, 1826; John Handle, from December, 1824, to December, 1830; Joseph Springer, from December, 1825, to December, 1827; Absalom Roberts, from December, 1826, to December, 1829; William Hamilton, from December, 1827, to November, 1831; Isaac Helmick, from December, 1829, to November, 1831; Israel Robinson, from December, 1830, to November, 1839; Samuel McCann, from November, 1831, to November 1834; Lyle Fulton, from November, 1831, to October, 1838; John Adams, from November, 1834, to his death, in 1837; Samuel McCann, from December, 1837, to October, 1838; John Thompson, from October, 1838, to December, 1841; Beverly Lemert, from December, 1838, to October, 1840; John Goshen, from December, 1839, to December, 1845; Robert Boggs, from October, 1840, to December, 1843; Littleton Moore, from December, 1841, to November, 1844; Joshua Bennett, from December, 1843, to December, 78 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. 1846; Henry Wheeler, from November, 1844, to December, 1847; Mahlon Sims, from December, 1845, to October, 1851; Stephen Reeve, from December, 1846, to December, 1852; Williarm Johnson, from December, 1847, to November, 1850; James Carnes, from November, 185o, to November, 1853; Joseph R. Thomas, from October, 1851, to December, 1857; Lewis M. Pierson, from December, 1852, to December, 1855; Samuel Clark, from November, 1853, to December, 1856; Abel Randall, from December, 1855, to December, 1858; Jonathan Swank, from December, 1856, to November, 1859; Hugh Madden, from December, 1857, to November, 1860; John Baughman, from December, 1858, to December, 1861 ; E. E. Fillmore, from November, 1859, to November, 1862; William T. Tanner, from November, 1860, to February, 1864; George W. Slater, from December, 1861, to December, 1867; William Pringle, from November, 1862, to December, 1865; E. E. Fillmore, from February, 1864, to December, 1869; J. B. Milhous, from December, 1865, to December, 1868; E. L. Lemert, from December, 1867, to December, 1870; Robert Silvey, from December, 1868, to December, 1871; Austin Berry, from December, 1868, resigned February, 1870; William Hall, from February, 1870, resigned December, 1874; Daniel Hatton, from January, 1871, to December, 1872; Leonard N. Stump, from December, 1871, to December, 1874; John Sims, from December, 1872, to December, 1875; Thomas Griffith, from December, 1874, to December, 1877; Leonard N. Stump, from December, 1874, to December, 1875; William T. Tanner, from December, 1875, to December, 1878. Clerk to County Commissioners.-Elijah Beall, ______ to December, 1808; Benjamin Tupper, from December, 1808, to December, 1811; Robert Mitchell, from December, 1811, to June, 1812; William Craig, from June, 1812, to September, 1814, George Reynolds, from September, 1814, to January, 1815; James Perry, from February, 1815, to February, 1821 (when the office was abolished) County Auditors.-The office of county auditor was created by an act of the general assembly, passed February 8, 1820. It grew out of the office of clerk to the board of county commissioners. Its duties have since been continuously multiplied and enlarged, under successive acts of the Legislature, until they are now peculiarly numerous, difficult and complicated. The names of the several county auditors are as follows: John Burwell, from March, 1821, to October, 1823, when he resigned to take the office of sheriff; John W. Spry, from October, 1823, to March, 1845 nearly twenty-two years; Richard I. Peach, from March, 1845, to March, 1855; Imri Richards, from March, 1855, to March, 1857; Bernard Van Horne, from March, 1857, to March, 1859; Jesse Atwell, from March, 1859, to March, 1861; Gemmill Arthur, from March, 1861, to March, 1865; Caleb D. Caldwell, from March, 1865-died September 6, 1871; Imri Richards, from September, 1871, to November, 1871; Andrew P. Stults, from November, 1871, to November, 1875; James T. Irvine, from November, 1875. County Collectors.-Jacob Crooks, from June, 1807, to June, 1811; W. Scott, from June 1811, to June, 1812; Robert Mitchell, from June, 1812, to June, 1813; James Vickers, from June, 1813, to June, 1817; William Craig, from June, 1817, to June 1818; John Russell, from June, 1818, to June, 1820; William Hunter from June, 1820, to June, 1822; Daniel Brush, from June, 1822, to June, 1825; John Houck, from June, 1825, to June, 1826; Silas Robinson, from June, 1826, to June, 1827 (when the office was abolished). County Appraisers of Land.-John Burwell, in 1834; Mathew McElhiney, in 1840. (In 1846, and since, district assessors.) County Assessors (Annual).-Daniel Brush, from 1825 to 1827; Lewis Ijams, from 1827 to 1830; William Ellis, from 1830 to 1832; Jos. Springer, from 1832 to 1834; Matthias Spangler, from 1834 to 1835; Jesse. L. Manley, from 1835 to 1839; Joseph P. Huston, 1839 (when the office was abolished). County Treasurers. William Montgomery, from _____ ,1805 to June, 1807; Joseph F. Munro, from June, 1807, to June, 181o; Benjamin Sloan, from June, 1810, to October 1813; Christian Spangler, from October, 1813, to June, 1818; Samuel. Sullivan, from June, 1818, to October, 1819; Thomas Moorehead, from October, 1819. to June, 1827; John Roberts, from June, 1827, to June, 1830; John Burwell, from June, 1830, to June, 1832; John Roberts, from June, 1832, to June, 1834; Daniel Brush, from June, 1834, to June, 1836; John Roberts, from June, 1836, to June, 1838; John Russell, from June, 1838, to June, 1844; Benjamin F. Leslie, from June, 1844, to June, 1846; Adam Peters, from June, 1846, to June, 1850; John Dillon, from June, 1850, to June, 1854; Isaac Stiers, from June, 1854, to June, 1856; Benjamin Adams, from June, 1856-died. September, 1857; John Dillon. from September, 1857, to June, 1858; William Lynn, from June 1858; died September, 1862; J. B. H. Bratshaw, from September, 1862,-resigned HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 81 March, 1864; John Dillon, from March, 1864, to September, 1866; Joseph T. Gorsuch, from September, 1866, to September, 1868; John M. Lane, from September, 1868, to September, 1872; Robert Silvey, from September, 1872, to September, 1876; George W. Allen, from September, 1876. County Recorders.-It seems that conveyances of land lying in Muskingum county continued to be recorded in the office of the Washington county recorder until April 17, 1806. From 1806 to 1831, the recorder was appointed by the court of common pleas, and, as the list shows, the clerk of that court was usually the recorder. Abel Lewis, April 17, 1805, to February 13, 1810; George Reeve, February 23,1810, to April, 1817; David Chambers, April, 1817, to November, 1820; John Peters, November, 1820, to November, 22, 1821; Ezekiel T. Cox, November 22, 1821, to October, 1831. In 1829, a law for the election of a recorder by the people was passed, but it did not affect the terms of those then in office. Mr. Cox's term expired early in 1831, but the commissioners of the county, under said law, appointed him to serve until after the election of that year. At that election Anthony Wilkins was chosen. Anthony Wilkins, October, 1831, to October, 1840; Wm. T. McKibbin, October, 1840, to September, 1841 (died); Imri Richards, September, 1841 to November, 1841; John Hilliard, November, 1841, to January, 1851; Joseph P. Huston, January, 1851, to January, 1854; Horatio W. Chandler, January, 1854, to January, 1857; George W. Ritze, January, 1857, to October, 1860 (died); Ephraim P. Abbot, October, 1860, to October, 186i; John J. Ingalls, October, 1861, to January, 1868; Jesse FL Mitchell, January, 1868, to January, 1871; William H. Cunningham, January, 1871, to January, 1877; David Zimmer, January, 1887. County Surveyors.-Levi Whipple, from 1804 to _____ ; Chas. Roberts, from _____ to 1817; John Roberts, from 1817 to ______ ; Wm. F. Beavers, from 1833 to 1839; James Boyle, from 1839 to 1845; Joseph Fisher, from 1845 to 1854; Jos. J. Hennon, from 1854 to 1857; John Smyth, from 1857 to 186o; Mark Lowdan, from 1860-resigned 1861; Jno. W. Roberts, from 1861 resigned 164; Joseph Fisher, from 1865 to 1868; James P. Egan, from 1868 to 1871; Joseph Fisher, from 1871 to 1874; James P. Egan, from 1874 to 1877; William Dunn, from 1877. Poor house or Infirmary Directors.- [The county poor-house was completed in the year 1840.] Isaac Dillon, from June, 1840, to June, 1841; John Slaughter, from June, 1840, to June, 1841; Daniel Brush, from June, 1840, to June, 1841; John Peters, from June, 1841, resigned June, 1846; John Roberts, from June, 1841, to December, 1842; William Camp, from June, 1841, resigned June, 1846; Edwin Burlingame, from December, 1842, resigned June, 1846; Austin Berry, from June, 1846, to November, 1857; Lawson Wiles, from June, 1846, to November, 1847; John Vandenbark, from June, 1846, to November, 1849; James Helmick, from November, 1847, to November, 1853; Robert J. Smith, from November, 1849, resigned March, 1851; John Goyer, from March, 1851, to November, 1852; Robert Lee, from November, 1852, resigned March, 1858; Joseph Larzalere, from November, 1853, to November, 1856; Joseph Mattingly, from November, 1856, to November, 1859; William T. Tanner, from November, 1857, to November, 1860; Joseph R. Thomas, from March, 1858, to November, 1858; William Shaffer, from November, 1858, to November, 1864; David Sidle, from November, 1859, to November, 1862; Isaac Van Horne, from November, 1860, to November, 1863; John L. Taylor, from November, 1862, to November, 1865; William Lee, from November, 1863, to November, 1866; James \Varner, from November, 1864, to November, 1867; Waldo B. Guthrie, from November, 1865, died September 18, 1866; William Lee, from November, 1866, to November, 1868; Isaac C. Story, from November, 1866, to November, 1869; Patrick Brennan, from November, 1867, to November, 1873; John L. Taylor, from November, 1868, to November, 1871; M. V. B. Mitchell, from November, 1869, to November, 1872; William T. Tanner, from November, 1871, to November, 1874; John W. Marshall, from November, 1872, to November, 1875; Peter L. Burgoon, from November, 1873, to November, 1876; Patrick C. Ryan, from November, 1874, to November, 1877: Robert Slack, from November, 1875, to November, 1878; John W. Marshall, from November, 1876, to November; 1879. Members of State Constitutional Conventions.-Ohio has had three constitutional conventions. Muskingum county was in 1802 a part of Washington county, but a resident within its limits, John McIntire, sat in the convention of that year as one of the delegates from Washington county. The following list shows who represented Muskingum in the other two conventions: 1850-51, David Chambers, Richard Stillwell; 1873--74, Charles C. Russell, Daniel Van Vorhes. Members of Congress.-The following list shows by whom Muskingum county has been 82 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. represented in the national house of representatives; the districts were changed once in each ten years: 1803-1813, Jeremiah Morrow; 1813-1817, James Caldwell; 1817-21, Samuel Herrick; 1821-1823, David Chambers; 18231829, Philemon Beecher; 1829-1833, William W. Irvin; 1833-1835, Robert Mitchell; 18351837, Elias Howell; 1837-1839, Alex. Harper; 1839-1841, Jonathan Taylor; 1841-1843, Joshua Mathiot; 1843-1847, Alex. Harper; 1847-1851, Nathan Evans; 1851-1853, Alex. Harper; 18531857, Edward Ball; 1857-1861, C. B. Tompkins; 1861-1863, William P. ,Cutler; 1863-1865, John O'Neill; 1865-1869, Columbus Delano; 18691873, George W. Morgan; 1873-1877, Milton I. Southard. . Mr. Southard was again elected, in 1876, for the term to end in 1879. Coroners:-Levi Whipple, from 1804 to 181 1 ; Luke Walpole, from 1811 to _____ ; Charles. Roberts, from 1815 to 1817; Samuel Thompson, from 1817 to 1821; Wm. H. Moore, from 1821 to 1822; Jacob Crooks, from 1822 to 1823; Samuel Thompson, from 1824 to 1828; Samuel Parker, from 1828 to 1832; William Twaddle, from 1832 to 1834; Samuel Parker, from 1834 to 1838; Richard Collum, from 1838 to 1840; Samuel. Gates, from 1840 to 1843; William Flanagan, from 1843 to 1846; John W. White, from 1846 to 1848: James Caldwell, from 1848 to 1850; Elijah Brown, from 1850 to 1852; John Quigley, from 1852 to 1854; John Bratton, from 1854 to. 1856; John Quigley, from 1856 to 1868; John D. Bonnet, from 1868 to 1874; Anderson Evans, from 1874 to 1876; Daniel Smith, from 1876: The others have been chosen and have served since 1877: Senators:-Lyman E. Jackson, I86-'78; Elias Ellis, 1878-'82; J. D. Jones, 1882-'84; John O'Neill, 1884-.'86; John O'Neill and Dr. E. Sinnett, 1886-'88; J. G. Huffman, 1886-'88; D. H. Gaumer, 1890-'92; George Iden, 1892-'94. Representatives in the Legislature:-Herman F. Achaner, 1878-'80; Robert Price, 1880 -82'; Charles E. Addison, 1882-86; Elijah Little and David Stewart, 1886-'88; John McGregor and D. H. Gaumer, 1888-'90; T. J. McDermott, 1890-'92; T. D. Adams, 1892-94. Members of Congress.-Gibson Atherton, 1878-82; Beriah Wilkins, 1882-88; James W. Owens, 1888-92. Coroners.-Daniel Smith was coroner in 1876. Since then the office has been filled by the following successively: Daniel Smith, Daniel Morgan, William Ruth and H. C. Waterman. Sheriff.-William Hunter was elected in October, 188o, to serve until the first Monday in January, 1882. R. J. Haines served 1882-86; Russell Bethel, 1886-88; and William H. Bolin, who succeeded Bethel, is now in office. County Commissioners.-Jefferson Van Horne, from December, 1877, to March 17,1880, (resigned,) Harvey Darlinton appointed; James S. Copeland, from December, 1878, to December, 1885; John Croaks, from December, 1879, to December, 1882; Robert Lee, from December; 1880, to December, 1883; Edward Bethel, from December, 1882, to December, 1887, W. T. Maher, from December, 1883, to December, 1886; James Calvin, from December, 1885, to December, 1888; Robert Lee, from December, 1886, to December. 1889; C. W. McCutcheon, from December, 1887, to December 1890; F. M. Rider, from December, 1888, to December, 1894; J. F. Burgers, from January, 1890, to January, 1893; S. M. Rutlege, from January, 1891, to January, 1894. County Auditors.-Samuel Oldham, 1880-83; A. A. Patterson, 1883-87; Julius A. Knight, 1887-93. County Treasurers.-Frederick C. Dietz, 1880-82; D. G. Willey, 1882-86; Jesse Atwell, 1886-88; D. G. Willey, 1888-92; Jesse Frazier, 1992-94. County Recorders.-David Zimmer, 1877-89 ; Ernest Scott, 1889-95. County Surveyors. Fred Howell, 1880-83; L. W. Doane, 1883-86; Fred Howell, 1886-89; U. C. Connar, 1889-92; William Dunn, 1892-95. Poor House and Infirmary Directors. George A. Gardner, from November, 1879, to November, 1882; Addison Palmer, from November, 1880, to November, 1883; Howard Larzelere, from November, 1881, to November, 1884; John Mangold, from November, 1882, to November, 1885; Nathan Kelly, from November, 1883, to November, 1886; Fred Turley, from November, 1884, to November, 1887; John Hartmeyer, from November, 1885, to January, 1891; John Marshall, from November, 1886, to November, 1889; Charles T. Willey, from November, 1887, to January, 1894; David Evans, from November, 1888, to January, 1892; .Conrad Sunkel, from January, 1890, to January, 1893. HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 83 CHAPTER VI. BOUNDARIES, COUNTY SEAT, LAND TITLES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. WHEN admitted to the Union, the state of Ohio contained only nine organized counties. Of these, five, Trumbull, Jefferson, Belmont Fairfield and Washington embraced nearly all of the state east of the Scioto river, while the other four, Adams, Ross, Clermont and Hamilton, included all of the state south of the Indian line and west of the Scioto, as well as a strip along the eastern bank of that river. The Indian line ran from the Tuscarawas river, at the point where the south line Of Stark county crosses that stream, southwesterly along the north line of Knox county, making one straight course from the Tuscarawas to a point near the northeast corner of Darke county. The land north of the Indian line and west of the Cuyahoga, and nearly all of what is now Michigan, was "Wayne" county, but the inhabited part being north of the Ohio state line, the original Wayne became a county of Michigan, and after 1810 Ohio created a new county of that name. The general assembly of Ohio, by an act passed January 7, 1804, created Muskingum county out of Washington and Fairfield. This act took effect, and the existence of this county dates from the 1st day of March, 1804. Elias Langham was then speaker of the house of representatives, and Nathaniel Massie speaker of the senate. Langham represented Ross county. Massie was a pioneer, Indian-fighter, a land surveyor. Born in Virginia, he drifted into the Ohio valley. By his energy and efforts Manchester, in Adams county, on. the Ohio, and Chillicothe, in Ross county, were settled. He was a noted man in the Scioto Valley. Muskingum county then possessed extended limits. Beginning on the Indian line at what is now the northeast corner of Knox county; its west line ran along the east lines of what are now Knox and Licking, to the western edge of the elbow in our township of Hopewell; thence south through Perry county to the southwest corner of Clayton township. This point is north of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley railway, not far east of Wolf's station, or Junction City. There its south line began and ran due east across Morgan county, keeping about three miles south of the present line, and on through Noble county to the northeast corner of Jefferson township, in that county. This point is about ten miles south of east from Caldwell. There the east line began and ran due north to the northeast corner of what is now Tuscarawas county. What is now the north line of Tuscarawas, and so much of the Indian line as crossed Holmes county, composed the northern boundary. Thus Muskingum county was about sixty miles long from north to south and about forty-five miles wide, and contained nearly 2,700 square miles. By a law taking effect March i 5, 1808, Tuscarawas county was created; by another on March I, 1810, Guernsey county was constituted, and the width of Muskingum was reduced to twenty-five miles--- the same as now. By another law taking effect March 1, 1810, Coshocton county was marked off, but remained "attached" to Muskingum until April 1, 1811. Only one other change in Muskingum's boundaries was made, by laws taking effect March. 1, 1818, creating Perry and Morgan counties. For almost sixty years the boundaries of this county have remained exactly as they now are; and so long as the constitution of the state of Ohio shall remain as it is touching " new counties " no further change will probably be made. Old Muskingum will, so far as concerns her extent, be one hundred years hence as she is this day. The following clear statement of the history of land ownership, embracing a wide territory, including this county, is from the pen of Hon. Moses M. Granger. "At the time of the declaration of American independence, the minds of England and America were intent upon Lake Champlain 84 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. and the sources of the Hudson, and few white men knew of the existence of our river Muskingum. The outer edge of the English settlements touched no foot of Ohio soil. A rude fort stood at Wheeling; a more military work at Pittsburgh commanded the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, but these outposts were separated by many miles of forest and mountain, from what could be called the settled districts. Neither our city, our county nor our state existed 100 years ago. So far as this portion of the earth then pos- sessed any political limits or organization, it formed a part of the province of Canada, which according to the 'The Quebec Act,' passed by the English parliament in October, 1774, in cluded all the territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi, as well as what is now the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is popularly supposed that what is now Ohio belonged to Virginia, and was ceded by her to the United States. I believe, however, that an examination of title will result in a conviction that Virginia had no valid title to any land north of the Ohio river, except such title as resulted from the assent of the United State to Virginia's 'reservation' of the tract lying between the rivers Scioto and Little Miami known as 'The Virginia Military district.' A brief history of the title of this land north of the Ohio may be interesting. In 1578 Queer Elizabeth gave the first English patent for and in America to Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who upon establishing a plantation within six year: from the date of the patent, was to own sole jurisdiction over the territory embraced within 600 miles of said plantation. Gilbert failed to establish any settlement, although he tried to do so in what is now Nova Scotia. In 1584 the same queen gave a similar patent to Gilbert's brother-in-law, Sir Walter Raleigh, who effected a settlement at Roanoke, N. C. But some of his colony returned to England, and the remainder were never afterward seen by white men. "In 1606, King James set apart a belt extending from Cape Fear, in North Carolina, to Halifax, in Novia Scotia, to be settled by two rival English corporations or companies. The London company had an exclusive right to occupy from 340 to 38̊ north latitude, and contingent right between 38̊ and 40̊, an by the terms of the charter their lands extended west and northwest to the South Sea But by its terms the King retained "the right of future regulation," and the actual territorial rights were to be controlled by the location of the settlements made. For instance, their northern limit was to be fifty miles north of their first settlement. Had this charter remained unaltered, Virginia would have had its north line near the Rappahannock. Afterwards, by a second charter her extent was increased, but the crown continued to claim, and to exercise without dispute, the right to grant to others lands not vested in the company by actual settlement. Thus the colonies of Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania on the north, and Carolina on the south, were successively established under royal grants upon territory that had at first been included within the Virginia charter. "But before King James of England granted to the Virginia Company these rights of settlement between latitudes 340 and 410, the King of France, in 1603, had by patent granted to one DeMonts the sovereignty of "Acadia and its confines," from 40̊ to 46̊ of north latitude; that is, from Philadelphia to beyond Montreal. Under this patent the French, in 1605, settled permanently at Port Royal. Then the colonial enterprises of the two nations, begun about the same time, progressed with a rivalry that resulted in successive wars. The English confined themselves to the tract east of the Alleghenies and south and west of the Penobscot. The French founded Quebec and Montreal, ascended the St. Lawrence, the Sorel and Lake Champlain, and established a fortified boundary, which included in French territory parts of New York and Pennsylvania, and every foot of land north and north-west of the Ohio. And all of it was firmly held by them until Wolfe's victory on the plains of Abraham produced the peace of Paris in 1763, by which, for the first time, the title passed to England. "And the first English state paper applicable to our Ohio and Muskingum history was a proclamation issued soon after this treaty, by which all the country beyond the Alleghenies was shut against emigrants, "from fear that remote colonies would claim the independence which their position would favor.” As wrote Lord Barrington: 'The country to the westward of our frontiers quite to the Mississippi was intended to be a desert for the Indians to hunt in and inhabit.' The 'Quebec Act' before referred to, passed in October, 1774, eleven years after England first owned ‘north-west of the Ohio,’ as I have said, made the Ohio the southern boundary of Canada. By the treaty of 1783, England ceded to the United States all the land south of the lakes and east of the Mississippi, and thus, prior to Virginia's deed of cession, our nation was the lawful owner of every foot of land on our side of the Ohio river. HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 85 Like a prudent farmer, however, the United States finding that Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia claimed title to parts, or the whole of it (and the claims of the two New England states were every whit as valid as that of Virginia), while other states also made claims, took deeds of cession from all, and thus 'quieted her title.' Ohio and the Northwest were won for the nation by national armies commanded by Washington and his generals, and by the diplomacy of Franklin and Adams, supported by the patriot people of the United States. On July 13, 1787, the Continental congress passed an ordinance for the government of the territory northwest of the Ohio. This' contained the celebrated prohibition of slavery which formed the foundation of the policy of freedom. No settlements were made in Ohio until April 7, 1788. " On August 7, 1789, the first congress, under the constitution, substantially re-enacted the ordinance of 1787, and organized ' The Northwest territory,' which was governed for thirteen years by Arthur St. Clair, an emigrant from Scotland, who had served as a general officer through our revolutionary war. By act of April 30, 1802, a state organization embracing what is now Ohio, was authorized, and Ohio became a state on November 29, 1802. I repeat these dates as necessary to a complete statement of facts. " The act creating the county, passed as already stated, in 1804, provided that the county seat should be at Zanesville, until permanently located. Under that law, the first court of common pleas began its first term in David Harvey's tavern, at the southwest corner of Third and Main streets. Coshocton and the Cass bottom, near Dresden, competed for the permanent county seat, but the locating commission decided in favor of Zanesville. Subsequently court was held in a log cabin belonging to one James Herron, on south Six street, about 100 feet south of Main street. In the year 1808, the first courthouse, sheriff's house and jail were built. The present court room is immediately above the spot upon which they stood, but the floor is higher than even the chimney tops of those humble structures; notwithstanding the fact that the room in which court was held, was then also, in the second story. The sheriff and his family lived in the first story. The courthouse was a frame structure, two stories high, 20x55 feet. The jail was two stories high, built of hewed logs, squared, and lined on the inside with three-inch planks. The lower story was for criminals, the upper for debtors. The two buildings, courthouse and jail were under one roof. The contract was let January 25, 1808, to Henry Ford, for $480, and was signed by only two of the commissioners, Henry Newel and Jacob Gomber; the other refused to sign because it was ' too much.' An extravagant price! Courthouse, sheriff's house, debtors' prison, jail—a little over $100 each! "Section 4, Article VII of the constitution of 1802, read: ' Chillicothe shall be the seat of government until the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; no money shall be raised till the year one thousand eight hundred and nine, by the legislature of this state, for the purpose of erecting public buildings for the accommodation of the legislature.' " As early as 1807-08 the subject of the removal of the capital was agitated, and at the session of 1808-09 the Muskingum delegation in the general assembly was reinforced at Chilicothe by a committee appointed by the citizens, headed by John McIntire; and assurances were received that if the county would, at its own expense, furnish suitable buildings for the legislature and state offices, a law would be passed making Zanesville the " temporary capital." The people believed that the capital once here, would remain. Public-spirited citizens loaned the money, and the county built what has been so well known locally as " Old 1809." During the summer of 1809 the main building, intended for the legislature, was put up but not finished. The contract was awarded April 10, 1809, to Joseph Munro, Daniel Converse, John Williamson and James Hampson, for $7,500, to be completed by December 1, 1810. In excavating for the foundation a small mound was opened, in which they found a skeleton, some flint arrow heads and a stone hatchet. The bones crumbled on being exposed to the air. Notwithstanding these efforts of the county and town, although the legislature assembled early in December, 1809, it was , not until the 19th day of February, 1810, that the following act was passed: " Section Be it enacted, &c., That the seat of government be, and the same is hereby fixed, and shall remain at Zanesville, until otherwise provided by law. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after the first day of October next." But the hopes of Zanesville and Muskingum that "once here it would remain," were not allowed more than a day's existence, for an act was passed next day, February 20, 1810, providing for the election by the legislature by ballot of five commissioners, whose duty it should be to lo- 86 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. cate the permanent capital, in a place " not more than forty miles from what may be deemed the common center of the state, to be ascertained by Mansfield's map." And these commissioners were ordered to meet at Franklinton on September 1, 1810. Thus it was known that one month before Zanesville could become the temporary capital, the duty of selecting the spot for the permanent capital would probably be completed; and that Zanesville could not be that spot; for the central point of an east and west line across Ohio, passing through Zanesville, is the west line of Licking county: a point forty-two miles distant—at the very least from our city—while the fact that the geographical center of the state lay north of that line, increased the distance and left no room for hope, unless by management the second act could be repealed. Although their efforts had been only partially successful, the honor of county and town was involved, so the state house—court house—was completed in the summer of 1810, and also, a smaller building for use by the secretary of state, and state treasurer; this was of brick, one story high, and stood just north of the west door of this court house. By direction of the legislature all its books, papers, etc., were committed to George Jackson, John McIntire, Wyllys Silliman, Robert McConnell and David J. Marple for transportation to Zanesville. It is therefore probable that these gentlemen composed the committee appointed by citizens hereinbefore referred to. On the 3d day of December, 1810, the general assembly met in " Old 1809," and chose Edward Tiffin, speaker of the house, and Thomas Kirker, speaker of the senate. The house occupied the room so long used by the court of common pleas; the senate sat in the larger of the rooms in the second story: the room always afterward known as " the old senate chamber." This session ended on the 30th day of January, 1811. The next session began December 2, 1811, and ended February 21, 1812. During the first ten years of the state's life, it had but one representative in congress; the first congressional apportionment law was enacted in Zanesville. Ohio being then entitled to six representatives in congress—this law assigned one of them to a district composed of the counties of Belmont, Coshocton, Guernsey, Jefferson and Muskingum—being the fourth district. On the 1st of January, 1812, two laws were passed, under which, afterward, the bridges over the river at Third and Main streets were built; under another act passed February 21, 1812, John McIntire and others (afterwards incorporated as "The Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company") built a dam across the river and a lock. At this session also, on February i4th, 1812, was passed the law locating the capital permanently "on parts of Half Sections 9, 10, 11, 25 and 26, opposite Franklinton, Franklin county, on lands of Alexander McLaughlin and others;" but returning the temporary seat of government to Chillicothe, there to remain until the 1st Monday in December, 1817. At that day Columbus had no existence—not even a name it was a spot opposite Franklinton." But Zanesville's last legislature did what it could to supply a designation, and on the last day of its existence, resolved "that the town to be laid out at the Highbank on the east side of the Scioto river, opposite the town of Franklinton, for the permanent seat of government of this state, shall be known and designated by the name of Columbus.'" From October 1, 1810, to May 1, 1812--one year and seven months, Zanesville flourished as a state capital, and then returned to the more modest but respectable position of shiretown or county seat, and held until the census of 1850, equal place with Dayton, Cleveland and Columbus, as " chief towns," second only to Cincinnati. Columbus had been the " capital city " for well nigh thirty years before she had a population greater in number than Zanesville. While the legislature met here, the courts continued to sit in the frame building of 1808; but after the capital went back to Chillicothe, the " state house" became the county court house, and served as such from the spring of 1812 until September, 1874, over sixty-two years. The first court house, which had meanwhile served as schoolhouse, meeting house, etc., and jail, was burned down April 3, 1814. On the evening of April 2d, two men arrived in Zanesville from the East, having in custody a negro claimed to be a fugitive slave, escaped from Kentucky. They placed their prisoner in the jail for safe keeping during the night. Some excitement arose amongst the citizens, some of them urging that such use of the jail was unlawful: The negro attempted to burn the lock off the door, and succeeded so well that by morning nothing was left but the lock and himself, he owing his escape from death to the active benevolence of a part of the people; others insisting that he ought to be thrown back into the fire. Assisted by some "free soilers" of that early day, he subsequently escaped from his custodians. Thus Muskingum's first court house and jail became a burnt HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 87 offering for the sin of slavery. " Old 1809" and other adjacent buildings escaped because their roofs had been soaked by a rain that night. Before leaving these early means for administering justice, attention is requested to one now wholly obsolete, save in the state of Delaware, the whipping post. This stood on the small Indian mound heretofore named. It was erected in 1808, and existed only one year, and some eight or ten convicts for " minor offenses," received in public about twenty-five lashes each. After this post disappeared "whippings" were inflicted at the southeast corner of the old log jail. In 1822, a sheriff's house and jail were built of brick, the same that was used as the residence of the jailor until 1876. In 1846, one Davis, convicted of poisoning his wife escaped from this jail, and soon after a stone jail was built adjoining the southeast corner of said brick. Contrary to expectations, the stone jail was by no means a secure custodian. An Irishman, who had been working on the railroad, having been arrested for assault and battery, by means of shovel and poker, speedily excavated a passage-way below the foundations of the dungeon and the next morning the astonished sheriff found an empty jail and a hole in the court house yard. In 1830-31, the Zanesville Athenaeum built the east wing, between " 1809 " and the alley, externally like the west wing. Its upper story was used until 1874 for library and reading rooms; its lower story and basement for offices, etc. About 1833, a west wing consisting of a basement and two stories, was built between " 1809 " and Fourth street; its rooms being used by the clerks of the courts and other county officers. From 1851 to 1874, the probate court occupied rooms in its second story. On September 4, 1874, the contract for the present court house was awarded to Mr. T. B. Townsend, at $221,657, and on the 11th day of the same month, the district court—Judges Marsh, Frazier, Miller and Chambers, met for the last time in " Old 1809," and disturbed early in its morning session by the contractor's eager workmen, adjourned to Black's Music Hall, the work of demolition began. The architect's estimate was for $240,205.67. Mr. Townsend gave bond for $100,000, with J. Burgess and G. W. Townsend as sureties for the performance of the contract within twenty four months from November 1, 1874. An increased expenditure of $1,403.02 was necessary to complete the structure. The dedication of the new court house took place May I, 1877, with appropriate ceremonies and addresses by distinguished citizens. E. E. Fillmore, Esq., as chairman, called the meeting to order and delivered a brief address. Frank H. Southard made presentation of the building to the people of the county in the following address of historical value: "Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am delegated by the board of commissioners of Muskingum county to make the formal presentation of our new court house to the bar and public. "The building has been years in the process of construction, and has caused much anxiety and solicitude on the part of your commissioners. But while they have felt a deep responsibility resting upon them as the representatives of the public interests in this great enterprise, they have been sustained and encouraged at every step by the generous support they have received from the people, and have felt gratified that the increased taxation incident to the undertaking has been so cheerfully responded to. As early as the year 1871, and annually from that time to the present, has this taxation been going steadily on. "Your commissioners having thus early anticipated the taxation, and having procured the necessary plans, specifications and detailed drawings from the very competent architect, Henry E. Myer, of Cleveland, awarded the contract of construction in the spring of 1874 to the enterprising contractor and builder, Thomas B. Townsend, of your own city. "This public enterprise was begun under favorable auspices by the board of commissioners, composed of Messrs. John Sims, William Hall and Leonard N. Stump; and it has been carried forward to its completion by their successors in office, Messrs. John Sims, Thomas Griffith, and William T. Tanner, who compose our present board. "The boards thus composed, assisted by your efficient auditors, A. P. Stults and James T. Irvine, carried forward this enterprise as expeditiously as the public interests would allow. They have studied diligently the public convenience; they have guarded well the public treasury; they have avoided all complications of the law and with a consciousness that they have discharged the full measure of their duty, they ask as their only reward the public approbation. "At an aggregate cost not exceeding $260,000, this temple, reared in the interests of justice and the public convenience, is unexceptionable in its architectural beauty, ample in its accommodations, complete in all its appointments, the ornament of our city and the 88 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. pride of our county. And as we tread to-day its spacious, halls and corridors, let us reflect that the temples reared to religion and law are true indices marking the morality, intelligence and justice of our people; and let us reflect, too, with an honest pride, that in Ohio, one of the grandest of the states of our Union, with her millions of people, justly celebrated for their religion, their learning, their arms and their law, and with a century of prosperity marking their grand progress, this temple stands in. the foreground without a rival of its kind in all her borders. "For myself and on behalf of the commissioners I indulge the hope that all litigants who shall bring their causes to this forum, shall be represented always by just and honorable counsel; that the chair of justice shall in the future, as in the past and present, be supplied with worthy men; and that the fair divinity, the blind goddess of Justice, who so mysteriously presides at courts shall ever hold her scales equal; that the court, desiring to be just, shall preside with cool and impartial judgment; that counsel in their zeal for the interest of their clients shall never pass the domain of professional propriety, and that law shall be so administered as to i crease the public faith and confidence in the administration of justice. "In the name, then, and on behalf of our commissioners, Mr. O'Neill, I now tender to the bar and public, through you, as their representative, this structure and pray its acceptance." This was responded to by Hon. John O'Neill, accepting the building on behalf of the bar and public. He was followed by Hon. Moses M. Granger, who read a long and exhaustive address entitled "Muskingum County: Its Courts and Bar." To that address indebtedness is acknowledged for much of the material entering into this chapter. At the close of Judge Granger's address a recess was taken until 7.30 in the evening. At the evening meeting Hon. Lucius P. Marsh delivered an address on the "Efficiency of Courts and How Promoted." The address of Judge Marsh was followed by singing by a quartette composed of Mrs. Geo. Harris, Miss Kate Cassel, Messrs. James A. Cox and William H. Wilmont, assisted by Miss Clara Ayers, organist, After this, the closing address was made by Hon. H. W. Ball. His subject was "The Relation of the Bar to the Court and Community." After. General Ball's address, the doxology "Praise God from Whom All Blessings Flow" was sung by the quartette, and'. a benediction pronounced by Rev. Dr. Kingsbury, when the people dispersed. The circumstances of the building of the old stone jail, above mentioned, were as follows: In 1845 John Goshen, Robert Boggs and Littleton Moore, county commissioners, found the old brick jail too insecure to hold prisoners. They advertised for bids for the construction of a new jail, to be built of stone laid in regular courses, with sixteen cells for prisoners, connected in two tiers. The contract was let April 15, 1845, and finished in October, 1846. It was awarded to Hugh Madden for $7,975. This jail gave way to the present building, which stands further east, and was erected under contract of Messrs. T. B. Townsend and M. Clements—the former to construct all but the inside iron work and receive $16,527, the total cost of the structure being $25,027. Lots 5, 6, 7 and 8, in Square 12, plat of Zanesville, recorded on page 28, Book A, are "appropriated to other public uses," by which is meant county purposes, the county having occupied them since the appropriation, except a traction of sixty feet square, being the northwest corner of said tract, which the city was permitted to erect buildings upon, and which the county rented of the city for some years; and when the county commissioners decided to take possession of the lots bounded on the north by Fountain alley, south by Main street, west by Fourth street and east by Court alley, for a public square, the sum of $8,000 was given to the city to "quit claim its right, title and interest to all and singular the appurtences and buildings situated on said northwest corner of. said tract." The record referred to does not exhibit John McIntire's act of appropriation, but it is so construed, since the plat containing the lots above specified was recorded in Washington county, April 29, 1802, and the right of the county to their possession has not been questioned. The county commissioners leased to the Zanesville Athenum the land adjoining the "Old 1809," on the east, for library purposes, for the term of 1,000 years, and therefore, when their successors determined the site of the present court-house, it was found necessary to appropriate the rights of said lessee by proceedings in the probate court. A jury awarded $6,575, which was duly paid to the Athenum by the county. On the jury sat Joseph Qualls, the first colored man ever drawn as a juror in Muskingum county. This brief sketch of the structures that have occupied this ground—beginning with the rude mound enclosing the remains and weapons of an unknown race, who, once, as a people, pos- HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 89 sessed the valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, and ending with these evidences of our present wealth, taste and architectural skill, indicates the changes wrought in three quarters of a century. The thoughts and imaginations of the younger readers these pages, aided by the memories of many who yet live as links between the past and the present, can easily fill up the picture of the successive generations that have in the interval lived and died, suffered and enjoyed, failed or succeeded, within the immediate vicinity of this spot as these years have passed away. June 30, 1838, the county commissioners bought of Andrew R. Jackson* 100 acres of land in Falls township, the east end of Jackson's division, in Quarter Township No. 4, Township I, Range 8, for the purpose of a county poor farm, for $3,000. October 8, 1863, the second 100 acres of the poor farm was purchased of Augustus C. Springer, for $7,000. The contract for building the first poor-house was let to David McGinnis, May 15, 1839, for $7,409.57. The building was partially burned in 1859, and was rebuilt and enlarged the following year, at an expense of $9,500. The contract for the new building was let May 15, 1880. W. C. Hazlett was the architect. The contractors: Excavation, foundation and brick work, T. B. Townsend; cut stone, Eisle & Berkheimer; iron beams, Illinois Vernon Bridge Company; carpenter work, galvanized iron work, slate and tile roofing, William Hall; painting, Henry Mechlin; plumbing, Rockel & Sons; total contract price, $44.000. The buildings have since been improved as occasion has demanded. Just previous to his death, John McIntire was deeply interested in the promotion of a scheme for the improving of the water power advantages at Zanesville, as well as making the Muskingum river a navigable stream from its mouth to this point, and he was engaged in this great enterprise when the fell destroyer, death, removed him from the scene of his labors. He died . July 29, 1815, but with his death the grand scheme for the betterment of his adopted city did not cease, as it was found that he had allied his entire property and estate with its destinies, and, by his last will and testament, made it through all coming time an important factor in our city and the depository of a fund dedicated to the noblest of purposes. We herewith give the text of his last will and testament in full. " I, John McIntire, who am a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the town of Zanesville, wishing to make a just disposition *A relative of T. J. ("Stonewall") Jackson. of all my estate, both real and personal, to take effect after my death, do make this instrument of writing as and for my last will and testament, hereby revoking and disannuling all former wills by me heretofore made. " In the first place in lieu of my wife's full dower at law, I give, .devise and bequeath to her absolutely the one-half of all the personal property I may die possessed of, except my clock, which is not to be sold, but remain in my dwelling house as long as it will go. All my personal property is first to be valued by three men chosen by my executors; then my wife, Sally, is to make her choice of the one-half, or should she not take the one-half, the residue is to be sold, and she is to get the money arising from the sale. I also give, devise and bequeath to her during her life my mansion house, barn stable, and all my outhouses and improvements, within the present enclosure where I now live. Secondly, so soon after my death as my executors, or a majority of them, may think proper, I order, direct and empower them to sell and convey in fee simple in such parcels and in such a manner and on such terms as they think proper, all and every part of my real estate in the county of Muskingum or elsewhere, except the real property which I own and which lies in the grant made by the United States to Ebenezer Zane, on the Muskingum river, which shall not be sold during the lifetime of my wife, and out of the sales and proceeds of the above lands, my executors are to pay off all my just debts as soon as possible, after which debts are paid, my executors are to pay to my wife Sally, annually, and during her life, the one half of the rents, interest, issues and profits of all my estate, both real and personal. The money arising from the sales of my real estate and personal estate after the payment of my debts as aforesaid, is to be by my executors vested in stock in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, all excepting one hundred dollars, which I allow them to purchase a horse, saddle, and bridle with for John Chapman, who now lives with me; also one other hundred dollars which I allow them to purchase a horse, saddle and bridle with for Lucinda Green, who now lives with me. At the death of my wife, Sally, I allow my executors to sell and convey in fee simple in such a manner and on such terms as they think proper, all the rest, residue and remainder of my real estate then remaining unsold, the house and lot as above bequeathed to my wife, with the clock as aforesaid excepted, and the money arising from such sale or sales to be vested in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company stock, as my 90 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. other money is ordered to be vested. Thirdly, I allow my executors, if they think it prudent and proper, to pay out of the aforesaid funds annually to Negro Mess, who lived with me and now lives with me, fifty dollars, during his lifetime. " Fourthly, I give, devise and bequeath to my daughter, Amelia McIntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, at the death of my wife, my mansion house with the premises before described in fee simple, provided she leaves heirs of her body, or an heir, with the clock aforesaid; also, I give, devise and bequeath to her and the heir or heirs of her body, and their heirs forever, all the rents, issues, interest and profits of all my Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company stock, which are to be paid to her annually during her life, by the president and directors of said company, on her own personal application and not otherwise. She is not at liberty to sell, under the pain of forfeiture, any part of said stock, nor is the same ever to be liable for the payment of her debts which she may contract, or which her husband, should she marry, may contract. Should she leave an heir, or heirs of her body, then at her death the house aforesaid to be vested in them in fee simple and all the stock aforesaid, to do with as they may think proper. But should my daughter, Amelia McIntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, die without an heir or heirs of her body, then my house and lot with the premises as before described are to be held in fee simple by the company before described for the use and occupancy of the president of said company, with the clock aforesaid, he paying into the fund aforesaid, for the use hereafter described, a reasonable rent, to be fixed by the directors for the same; and the president and directors of the said company are annually forever to appropriate all the profits, rents and issues of my stock as aforesaid, and all my estate of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a poor school, which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville for the use of the poor children in said town; the children who are to be the objects of this institution are to be fixed upon by the president and directors of said company. This request to be absolutely void in case my daughter, Amelia, before described, should leave an heir or heirs of her body. " Lastly, I nominate, constitute and appoint my friends, Daniel Converse, Alexander Adair and Nathan C. Findlay, all of Zanesville, the executors of this, my last will and testament, with full and absolute power by me in them or a majority of them vested, to carry this will and every part thereof int ) full effect, and I fully empower them, or a majority of them, to sell and convey my real estate as aforesaid described in fee simple, and as fully as I myself could was I living, and in case any of my executors as aforesaid mentioned should refuse to act agreeable to my request, as an executor of my estate, then, in that case, I authorize and fully empower the other two executors to fix upon and appoint some other person who will act as an executor, and after he is sworn, according to law, as an executor is sworn, I do absolutely and fully vest him with all the powers which any of my exectors are vested with, and all his acts as an executor are to be as binding as those of his co-executors. " In testimony that this instrument of writing is my last will and testament, I, John McIntire, who am now of sound mind and memory, have hereto set my hand and seal, this eighteenth day of March, eighteen hundred and fifteen, at Zanesville, 1815." JOHN MCINTIRE [SEAL.] December 15, 1820, Miss Amelia McIntire died, thus making one half of this fund a perpetual fund for the education of the poor of our city, to be selected by the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, the trustee under the will. Erecting a suitable school building, the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company opened and maintained a free " poor school " in the city until the year 1856, when owing to the flourishing condition of the public schools, and the repugnance of parents and children alike toward a distinctively " poor school," the trustees placed the building under the control of the board of education, by whom schools were conducted therein, the same as in other wards chools, they (the trustees) paying all the expense of maintaining it. The widow of John McIntire, who had married the Rev. David Young, died in 1854, and the other half of the estate was thereby added to the fund. In 1865, the trustees assumed the expense of maintaining another of the ward schools of the city. It was at this time, June, 1865, that a small band of noble-hearted ladies decided to organize an association "for the purpose of caring for the desolate children in our city." The meeting was held in one of the small rooms of the Second Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and was attended by Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs. James, Mrs. Captain Hazlett, Mrs. Dr. Brown, Mrs. Louisa Brooks, Mrs. General Leggett and Mrs. Jos. Black. Committees were appointed for soliciting funds HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 91 to promote the scheme. On July 24, 1865, another meeting was held at the same place and a permanent organization effected; the association adopting the title of the Muskingum County Children's Home Association. The first home was opened on. Market street, east of Blocksom alley, but in the spring of 1866 these rooms were found to be insufficient for the accommodation of the children, and the board of control contracted with Stephen Harper for five acres of land situated on the old Wheeling road, one mile east of the court house, for which they agreed to pay the sum of $2,150.00. The importance of such an institution as the Children's Home having been demonstrated in fulfilling desires akin to those expressed in the will of John McIntire, the trustee.of his estate on October 1, 1866, agreed to contribute $400 a year for the school in the home. On May 30, 1868, the trustee under the will, agreed to contribute each year $2,000, the name to be changed to "The McIntire Children's Home," and a majority of the managers of the home were to be always chosen from the directors of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company. Said trustee also purchased the mortgage on the real estate of the home. In this manner, the Children's Home was conducted for eleven years, when the trustees became satisfied that a building should be constructed, especially adapted for such purpose, and, after due deliberation, the present site was selected. It embraces eight acres of land and lies one and a fourth miles northwest of the court house, and, just within the city limits. The trustees next made a contract with the county commissioners, through a joint commission, whereby the country contributed $6000.00 toward the erection of a new home, and further agreed to pay a pro rata share of expenses of the home in consideration of the executors admitting to the benefits of the institution such children as might be sent to the county infirmary from time to time, and who were of suitable age for admission. The new home building was begun in June, 1879, and finished in August of the following year, and was at once dedicated to its intended use with appropriate religious ceremonies. In August, 1885, by mutual consent, the contract with the county was rescinded and the $6000.00 repaid into the county treasury. The structure is one of the most beautiful in this vicinity, and will compare favorably with any similiar institution in the state. The main building is a fine brick with stone trimmings, 90x125 feet in dimensions. The basement is built of limestone with range work about the windows; the east and west wings are two stories highs while the central portion is three stories, with Mansard roof. It fronts the south and contains thirty-five rooms and is well arranged in case of fire, having many exits. It is heated throughout by steam and lighted by gas from the city mains. The laundry, which is located in the rear, is a substantial building thirty-two feet square, and is supplied with all necessary appliances. The school house is located seventy-five yards to the east of the main building, and is a handsome two-roomed structure. The home has capacity for 100 children, and is thoroughly equipped in every respect. The home farm comprises 104 acres of land, and produces all that is needed for the home. There are several buildings upon it for the residence of the employes of the institution. Situated as it is, upon a commanding eminence, beautifully shaded by trees, and surrounded by handsome lawns and well-kept grounds, it is a model institution, and the inmates of the John McIntire Children's Home may well be happy and contented, living to bless the memory of the man who has thus left an everlasting testimonial of his sympathy for the poor and unfortunate of this county. 92 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. CHAPTER VII. RIVER IMPROVEMENT AND NAVIGATION.* BEFORE the inauguration of slack water navigation on the Muskingum river, steam-boating, which could only be carried on when the water was considerably a bove its average level, was in its infancy. Traffic between Zanesville and points down the river was carried on by means of flat boats, which were broken up and sold for lumber upon reaching their destination, and keel boats and pirogues, which were slowly and laboriously poled up stream after leisurely drifting down. The principal landings were at the Dillon wharf, at the foot of Fourth street, the Buckingham warehouse near the Putnam end of the Sixth street and at the fcot of Fifth street, Zanesville. However about 1844, when the state locks and dams were completed, the steamboat business came immediately to the front, and rapidly grew to large proportions. Daily packets ran to Dresden and Marietta, and large boats made weekly trips to Pittsburg. Besides these there were a number of boats running frequently to New Orleans, Cincinnati and at long intervals to upper Mississippi points—Davenport, Rock Island and St. Paul. The Dresden boats, among the first of which were the " Relief," the " Tuscarawas," " Walhonding " and the " McIntire," carried numerous excursions up the river. The Marietta boats carried rather more freight and less frivolity; but, running in any trade, steamboating during its flush times, from 1845 to 1855, offered a most attractive life as well as a most lucrative field to young men living near the river; and there are few of the older families that have not had more than one representative " on the river." The excitement of racing was a prominent feature of steamboating in those days. Every captain believed that if his craft had anything like a fair chance she could show a clean pair of heels to any boat of her class that ever turned a wheel; and, with a view of demonstrating this superior speed, would race with anything afloat at every possible opportunity—going scudding by passengers and shippers frantically waving from the bank, unless it happened that the rival steamboat seemed to be getting the best of it when stopping for freight or travellers served as an admirable excuse for not winning the race. Considering the fact that desperate racing was the rule, it is remarkable that no accidents occurred, indeed there have never been any disasters of great magnitude, under any conditions, in the history of Muskingum steamboating, the worst being the explosion of the " Buckeye Belle " in the Beverly locks. The only other explosion on the river was that of the " McCormick," some fifteen years ago. In those days there were no lines of steamers on western rivers; every boat was an independent venture that made or lost money according to the ability of her officers to please the public. Few, however, were the boats that did not prove profitable investments to their owners. The cargoes carried were enormous and the freight rates high. As an example may be cited the " Helen Mar," the toll upon whose cargo through the locks of the Muskingum was $500 for one trip alone. The " Cheviot," another boat of the same class, a few years later, twice carried cargoes of 2,500 barrels of flour from Worstall's mill at Beverly. Tradition says the " Cheviot " was the fastest boat on the river between 185o and 1860. She was built by William McIntosh and captained by him for a short time, and after that by Capt. D. T. Brown, of Beverly. One of her trips was from Zanesville to St. Paul, St. Paul and thence back to Pittsburg, the entire distance and a number of changes of freight accomplished in an even thirty days. The ill-fated Belle Zane was also considered a speedy craft for a stern-wheeler. Despite the narrowness of the locks there have been half a dozen side-wheel boats, with recessed wheels, built for this river. One of them, the " Enterprise," a Cincinnati and New Orleans packet built at Zanesville by Bishop and others, had *Indebtedness is acknowledged to a series of papers published in the Zanesville Daily Signal, written by Mr. C. Frame, and used here by permission. HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 93 the largest hull ever on the river, and was just able to go through the locks. Canoes, pirogues, flat boats and keelboats Were used from the time of the first settlements on the Muskingum river until the opening of the improved navigation on the river by the locks and dams in 1842. The canoe was made by digging a trough-like space in a large poplar tree. They were propelled by a man, or men standing in the canoe, using a pole to push the craft. They were easily overturned, and it required an experienced hand to navigate safely and rapidly. Many of the pirogues were made of a very large tree, with a keel and a running board on the sides for men who used the propelling poles. The flat boats were like the boats used until lately in carrying coal on the river, the whole boat uncovered, except a covered space near the stern for the pilot of the boat. They floated with the current down the stream, but they had to be pushed by strong men when ascending the river. The keel boat was the most aristocratic of all the boats on the river. It was a regular ribbed boat, planked on the bottom, its sides well covered with plank, to turn rain and keep the freight dry. These boats carried produce to the different trading towns, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Wheeling and other places. Some of them went as far as Nashville, Tenn., with their cargoes, returning with different kinds of merchandise for the Zanesville trade. The large flat boats for carrying flour and other kinds of produce for the down river trade, were only used for the trip down the river. When their cargo was unloaded, they were sold for different uses. Only the value of lumber could be obtained, and sometimes they were disposed of for a very small consideration. The canoe and pirogue were used by farmers along the Muskingum river at Big Bottom and Round Bottom, for carrying their fruit (apples, pears and peaches) and watermelons to the Zanesville market. A number of them could could be seen in the fruit season at the landing almost every day. The flat boat was used for the salt trade, and sometimes to carry farmers' produce to the market. Before the era of steamboating, nearly all the salt from the many salt works along the Muskingum river was carried to market on flat boats. Nearly every salt works had a flat boat that would carry from ten to fifty tons of salt. Without flat boats there would have been much trouble and expense of teaming the salt to the Zanesville trade. The keelboats made trips to Wheeling and Pittsburg, carrying articles to be teamed from Wheeling to Baltimore, and from Pittsburg to Philadelphia. They were there loaded with different kinds of merchandise for the Ohio trade, floating down the Ohio river to Marietta; then the socket poles were used, the steersman calling "head to," "up bebind" and "all together" to his crew on either side of the boat, the men bending, with their iron socket hickory poles, with button-shaped ends, to their shoulders, forcing the heavily-loaded craft up stream. In many places horses or oxen were used to help over the riffle, or a long rope was fastened to a tree on shore, the other end wound around the capstan, and the boat would "be warped over the riffle." The following persons were all prominent keel-boatmen: John Carpenter had the keelboal, "Retuna," afterward named the "Little Toin." His trade was from Zanesville to Pittsburg, also he was the owner of other boats in the Cincinnati and Kanawha trade. He was in the trade in 1820 and 1825. Victor Stull and his brother Harry, the father and uncle of Captain Stull, of Beverly; Lemuel Swift, afterward a prominent steamboat pilot; Captain Birch, of Marietta, who was on the river piloting steamboats until he was nearly eighty years old, and old Billy Scales, who was one of the best rifle-shots in the Western states. Mike Fink, one of Carpenter's men, was another good shot with a rifle. An amusement for him and Carpenter, was to place a tin cup of whisky on each other's head, and then shoot at it. Mike shot Carpenter in the head. Yankee, one of the trio as soon as he saw Carpenter was dead, immediately shot Fink, then he jumped into a canoe and escaped down the river. The boat capsized and Yankee was drowned. Dudley Davis of Cat's creek, Tiff and Ross Nott, Ab and Hark Boyd, Paul, Alexander and George Hahn were among the most prominent keel-boatmen. The large covered flat-boat was the great boat for carrying flour, apples, potatoes, stoneware and other produce and manufactures for the Ohio and Mississippi river trade. As soon as there was water enough in the river in autumn, these boats were leaving the towns on the Muskingum river for the lower trade, as it was then called. Generally old keel-boatmen were captains and pilots of these boats. There was a space for cooking and a living room. All other space was packed with the load. They frequently carried from six hundred to one thousand barrels of flour. They had large oars—sweeps they were called—to assist in propelling and steering the boat. The crew enjoyed the trip. On every trip there was a 94 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. "tender-foot," as a young man's education was not considered complete until he had made a trip to New Orleans. Billy Scales made many trips to the Crescent city and he returned three times on foot, crossing through the Cherokee tribe of Indians, who then had their home in Mississippi and Tennessee. He carried the money for his load of produce in a sack, and he was never molested. Often a small fleet of Muskingum river boats were in company. A Mr. Jones, of McConnelsville, was an experienced flatboat pilot. In 1811, the first steamboat the "Orleans," passed down the Ohio, causing as much astonishments along the shore as did the first steamer on the Muskingum river fourteen years later. The "Rufus Putnam," commanded by Captain Green was the first steamboat to make the attempt to navigate the Muskingum river as far as Zanesville. It had been supposed to be impossible for a steamboat to ascend the river, owing to the rapidity of the stream and its crookedness when there was sufficient water, and the uncertainty of its remaining long enough at a high stage to make a trip from Marietta to Zanesville and return. Captain Burch, an old keel boatman, was the first man who demonstrated it could be done with safety. The surprise of people along the shore was long remembered by them. The surprise was great at Zanesville, for it was demonstrated a boat, a steamboat, had arrived from Marietta. The whole town was in an excitement. Citizens ran to and fro in confusion, and the excitement was great, waving their hands and shouting. The officers of the boat and the passengers were sumptuously entertained. On her return trip the people flocked to the banks of the river from the country. The following account of this memorable happening is from the pen of Alonzo Green, of Oakland, California, who was a passenger on the "Putnam."—"About the trip of the `Putnam' to Zanesville; my father had been running the keel boats, carrying merchandise from Pittsburg, Pa., to Zanesville. I had hold of his hand, looking at a steamboat coming down the Ohio. She turned into the Muskingum and ran up to the mill on the Point Harmer side to take in flour. Father snapped his fingers, and said aloud, 'I will sell my keel boats,' and it must have been two years before he started the 'Putnam.' Some of his old consignees in Zanesville wrote him they wanted him to make a trip to their city. The boat came from Louisville, and the Muskingum was high and rising. The citizens were notified the 'Putnam' would go up to Zanesville on the third day after that time, as the boat, had passengers for Pittsburg, as well as freight. The boat returned and was full and more, too. The charge for the round trip was $5 The floors on both cabins were full of beds at night, and some had no place to sleep and kept up and went on shore after the boat arrived at Zanesville. We started early in the morning and fired the first gun (a cannon about two feet long and four-inch bore). Every hour the cannon boomed, all the way up to Zanesville. The people along the banks followed for miles, cheering and showing their appreciation of seeing a steamboat that could stem the rapid current of the river, but our boat made only three or a little more than that many miles per hour. Most of our passengers were young ladies and gentlemen, and a few old folks to look after the young ones. The boat was very cranky and it required constant vigilance on the part of the captain and mate to keep the boat on an even keel. Mrs. Holden was a stout, fleshy lady, and at the word, 'trim boat,' the question was, 'Where is Mrs. Holden?' and it was a jollification all the way up; and there were many matrimonial engagements made on that trip. When we came in sight of Zanesville the cannon in the city fired constantly, I think, all night. We anchored the boat in the stream, as the captain was afraid the crowd would turn her over. The next day, a public dinner was given in honor of the occasion, and a committee waited on father, soliciting him to give an excursion down a few miles to allow them to ride on a steamboat. Father offered to give them a free ride, but the committee would not have it so, as they contended the boat would be full and no ladies could go. It was settled the charge was to be $1 for each passenger. They made the trip down ten miles, and a crowd was on board and hundreds were left when the boat was full. "He started for Marietta the next day and made the run down in six hours. The banks were lined with people who had come from the back country to see the boat go by, but none were able to follow. I think there were four children on board—Miss Maria and Miss Julia Holden, Richard Green (son of Daniel), and myself. Any one living at this time is certainly eighty years of age, or near that." The " Speedwell" of Pittsburg, fired off her howitzer early one morning in the spring of 1827. The shrill whistle or the hoarse sounding horn was then unknown. The " Red Rover," in the spring of 1828, made several HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 95 trips from Pittsburg to Zanesville during the spring and summer freshets. Other boats made trips on the Muskingum, but steamboating on the Muskingum was not a regular business until the completion of the dams and locks, in 1842. Gen. C. C. Goddard made a quick trip from Zanesville to Marietta on the Putnum, only being six hours on the trip. Only one stop was made and that for a few minutes at McConnelsville. From the time of the first settlement west of the Ohio river, until the opening of the canals, all goods for the West had to be carried on pack-horses or hauled on wagons from the Eastern cities, crossing the mountains, first on rough roads, afterward on the turnpikes to Pittsburg or Wheeling, for the Ohio trade. When the Ohio and Muskingum rivers were frozen, or the water too low for boating, many teams were required to haul the freight on large wagons, called Pennsylvania schooners, usually six horses hitched to each wagon. These teams were used until the completion of the Muskingum river improvement, in 1842. The old four-horse stage coach used to come down Main street, Zanesville, at rapid rate of speed causing all wagons to take the sides of the street and pedestrians to look out for themselves. The arrival of the coaches from Wheeling, Columbus and Maysville and their departure, was an every-day occurence, but the event would always gather a crowd of idle spectators. Col. Orndoff and Capt. William Terry, the officials of the stage line, were both quite popular with the traveling public. The colonel was the inventor of the famous " Hagerstown sausage." of the canal from Cleveland to Portsmouth, which was commenced in 1825. The wayside inn did a flourishing business. The wagon taverns in the night presented the appearance often of a part of a military encampment. The horses were fed in a long trough, fastened to the wagon tongue. The teamsters furnished their own beds, which were spread on the floor of the inn during the night. These were the prosperous days for the villages on the pikes running east and West. As the country improved, wise men began to estimate the advantages of building canals from Philadelphia and New York City, to secure the trade of the rapidly improving "great West." DeWitt Clinton is said to be the father of the Lake Erie and Hudson canal. New York at that time viewed with alarm the trade that was going to Philadelphia and Baltimore, hence the building of the canal to turn the trade to New York. Clinton visited Ohio in 1823 or 1824, for the purpose of arousing public opinion in favor The completion of the Ohio canal aroused the citizens in the Muskingum valley to the importance of slack navigation on the Muskingum river. In 1827 a commission of three was appointed, one from each of the counties, to assist an engineer in making a survey of the river and estimate the cost of improving the channel. Thomas Wickham, of Muskingum, Samuel A. Barker, of Morgan, and W. R. Putnam, of Washington county, were the commissioners. Their salary was fixed at $1.50 per day, which was to be paid by the three counties. If the survey was ever made, no record is now to be found of it. In the winter of 1835 and 1836 there was an epidemic in Ohio, as well as in other States, of internal improvement, which was evolved at that session for improving the Muskingum river by dams, locks and short canals from Marietta to Dresden, a distance of ninety miles. An appropriation of $400,000 was made. This sum was deemed sufficient for a commencement of the work. The primary plan was for locks of the same size as that at the terminus of the Ohio canal at Dresden, viz., 120x22 feet, only admitting of the size of boats used on the Ohio canal, but the commissioners discovered that the law required them to build locks large enough to admit steamboats used in navigating the upper Ohio river. A change was made in the plan, to 100x34 feet, which was considered large enough for the trade Complaint was made about the size of the locks, and a careful measurement was made of thirty boats on the upper Ohio, when it was found that only three of them could pass locks of the size, while all of them, excepting four, could pass a lock 175x36 feet. The change in the plan was not made for some time, the southern end of the river being opposed to increasing the size of the locks, while Morgan and Muskingum counties favored the larger locks, which were finally adopted by the commissioners of public works. The canal commissioners contracted for the work in October, 1836. William Wall, acting commissioner, and David Bates, chief engineer, advertised for the work. When the magnitude of the work that was to be done is considered, the responsibility of the commission in letting such jobs was very great for that age of improvements. George W. Manypenny secured the contract for building the dam at Zanesville and Josiah Spaulding the lock there; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp, the dam at Taylorsville and Lon, Bucky 96 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. & Wolf the lock at the same place; Arthur Taggart the lock and dam at Rokeby or Eagleport; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp the lock and dam at McConnelsville ; Arthur Taggart the lock and dam at Windsor; Lyon, Buck & Wolf the dam at Luke Chute; John McCune, the canal and dam at Beverly, and Arthur Taggart the lock at Beverly; Lyon, Buck & Wolf the lock at Lowell; Arthur Taggart, the lock and dam at Devols; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp the lock and dam at Marietta. Col. Samuel R. Curtis acted as supervisor and chief engineer of the work the first two years. The assistant engineers were: Charles Hill, Senior; assistant; W. L. Coffenberry, J. T. Arthur, John Burwell, Joseph Stibbs, J. R. Straughn, James Welsh and M. Love, junior assistants. Many other engineers were employed at the same works as assistants. Among them, Fred Hayward, now of McConnelsville, was employed at Lowell. Hon. John Sherman, now United States Senator, was one of Hayward's rodmen. The locks are located as follows: Dresden, Simms' Creek, Zanesville, Taylorsville, Eaglesport, McConnelsville, Windsor, Luke Chute, Beverly, Lowell, Devols and Harmers. There are two locks at Zanesville, and a dam near each of the locks named, except at Dresden, where necessity for one is obviated by the canal flowing into the Muskingum. During the five years that the work on the contracts was being prosecuted, there were flush times along the Muskingum. So many large jobs on hand at the same time, only a few miles apart, for a distance of seventy-five miles, made a great demand for labor of all kinds, and sale for timber and farmers' produce. During the five years from 1837 to 1842 there as more money paid out along the Muskingum than any other time although there has been more than one million dollars paid out for repairs and new work since 1842. When the dams were building it was claimed the water-power would be used for manufacturing purposes and the Muskingum valley would be the greatest hive of industries in Ohio. Before the dams were built James Taylor had a dam and a mill at Taylorsville. There was also a sawmill and woolen factory. Robert McConnell had a dam and mill at McConnelsville. There were passages for boats about sixty feet wide at the end of these dams which were used by boats during high water. Boats ascending the river had to pass through locks. A village was laid out at Taylorsville. The lots were sold for more money than they would bring since the completion of the public work.. Eaglesport was platted and lots sold; so at Windsor; Luke Chute made no attempt to build a city or anything except a small building for the lock-tender. Beverly caught the "boom," and Lowell was to be the great city, hence its name. These places all claimed great "natural advantages," but they have seen other localities improve in advance of them and their great expectations are not yet realized. When the bill for the Muskingum improvement from Dresden to Marietta, was finally settled, the ninety miles cost the state $1,627,018.20, an average of $17,879.32 per mile. The first steamboats in the regular trade on the Muskingum river were built at Zanesville before the completion of the improvement, and some of them were engaged in the trade to Dresden. The canal boats from Cleveland with their cargoes were brought to Zanesville, towed by the small steamers in that trade. Large quantities of flour and salt were shipped on canal boats for the trade along the canal, and much of the flour was sent to New York. "The Hope," built by Capt. Reeves, is represented as the first steamboat built at Zanesville. It was a small craft not equal to some of the small pleasure boats that were on the river a few years ago. The " Tuscarawas," Capt. Billy Scales commander, made a trip to Coshocton, during high water. Joseph Howland was engineer. The " Muskingum Valley," another of Capt. Scales' boats, was in the Dresden trade. There were also other boats engaged in this trade, the names of the best known being "The Ohio," "McIntire," "Zanesville packet," "Muskingum," "Moxahala" and "Relief." The last named boat was built for the Dresden trade, commanded by capt. Thompson. It also made a few trips to Pittsburg. The " Philip Doddridge," of Wellsburg, Va., was also early in the Muskingum trade. Capt. Robert Hazlett was one of the owners of the " Muskingum," "Moxahala" and the "Relief," and he was a commander on the "Muskingum" and "Moxahala." The "Putnam" was built by Capt. Blue on the canal bank near Second street. It went to New Orleans, and there was engaged in the Lake Pontchartrain trade. The "Del Norte" left the Muskingum for the Rio Grande river, crossing the Gulf of Mexico. It was commanded by Capt. William Bowen, who had commanded the steamer "Muskingum" in the Pittsburg trade. Capt. Bowen was a partner of Mr. L. H. Dugan in building the large flouring-mill at Duncan's Falls, now owned by Mr. John Miller. He was a brother of Mr. Charles Bowen, who was lost when the "Belle Zane" sunk, on the Mississippi river. Capt. Bowen HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 97 engaged in trade in Mexico, and was killed by the Mexicans before the war with the United States. There appear to have been a great many boats carrying the first steam whistle on the Ohio. Mr. W. W. Little, of Little, Ky., writes that it was on the Mingo Chief in 1844. A veteran river man of Cincinnati is certain that it was on a boat called the "Revenue," owned by Capt. A. Bartlett, of Wheeling; she received the whistle the year following the great Pittsburg fire, in 1844 or 1845. The "Mingo Chief" was in the Pittsburg and Zanesville trade. The steamer "Julia Dean" was the pioneer in having the first steam horn. It excited the people more than the first whistle. The "Belle Zane" was built at the California boat yard on the Monongahela river. The boat was owned at Zanesville and it was a regular packet in the Zanesville and Pittsburg trade, capacity 300 tons. It made a few trips to Cincinnati and to St. Louis. The "Belle Zane" was a fine model and one of the fastest boats at that time. In December, 1845, the boat was loaded at Zanesville with a miscellaneous cargo, consisting of flour, empty molasses barrels to be filled on the Louisiana coast with molasses for the Zanesville wholesale trade. At Marietta there were taken aboard 700 turkeys and a large number of chickens for the New Orleans market. About thirty cattle and 600 bushels of corn were added to the load at Madrid, Mo. The cabin was well filled with passengers and the boat had all the load it could carry. The rivers were very low and there was slow traveling on account of the low stage of water. John Brazure, of Cincinnati, was commander, and the other officers were Zanesville men, viz.: Clerk, Edward Matthews; mate, Monroe Ayers ; engineers, David Hahn and Joseph Howland. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bowen and son, and Mr. and Mrs. Wyncoop and son, were passengers from Zanesville. Mr. Bowen was a prominent citizen then engaged in the grocery trade. He had represented the county in the Ohio legislature. Mr. Wyncoop was also a well-known citizen. Many friends were at the landing when the boat lines were handed in and a large crowd were at the lock and remained waiting until the boat passed around the bend below Moxahala. On the 17th, four sunken boats were seen that had been snagged. The night of the i8th and morning of the 19th of December the weather was very cold, the thermometer was near zero, and ice was rapidly forming. At two o'clock in the morning, soon after the first watch had left their places, there came a crash, a heavy shock, and the boat turned on its side; the boilers rolled into the river. A snag was struck, and the boat was sinking. The roof floated off, with Victor Fell, of Zanesville, on it. He was saved. David Hahn, Monroe Ayers and another man made a raft of the gang-plank and went ashore, and ran down the shore a distance and found a yawl, which they took and made for the boat, and commenced rescuing the passengers. When the snag was struck and the boat careened, there were a number drowned, and among the number were Mr. and Mrs. Bowen and their son. The crew of the boat worked like heroes. The cabin broke loose from the hull, and floated down the river several miles, with human beings clinging on the wreck. Mrs. Wyncoop and her son were rescued about two miles from the place of the disaster. Others were taken off as rapidly as the men in the yawl could relieve them. Robert Burns, of Cincinnati, a steamboat engineer, froze to death. Miss Jane Conner was without shoes when taken off the wreck. One of the engineers pulled off his and gave them to her. There were no other Zanesville people lost except the Bowen family. Their bodies were never found. The passengers and crew that escaped found shelter in the negro huts on the shore. The cabin floated as far as Island 74, where it struck the ground; the people yet clinging to it were saved. Mr. Wyncoop was rescued at this place. From all obtainable information, eighteen or twenty passengers were lost, but all the crew escaped. The citizens of Napoleon, which town has itself been washed away by the "Father of Waters," had a social, and raised many things for the unfortunate victims of the wreck. Some of them went to New Orleans, others took passage for home. Mr. and Mrs. Wyncoop and son went to Vicksburg. As soon as the Muskingum river improvement was ready for steamboats, warehouses were established at Zanesville engaged in the forwarding and commission business, transferring freight from the canal boats, which were towed by the steamboats engaged in the Dresden trade, for the steamboats in the Pittsburg and Cincinnati trade, and also the freight brought from the above cities for the towns on the Ohio canal. The most prominent firm had their warehouse at the south end of Fifth street, the building yet occupied for many years. There were other large warehouses near the present location of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley freight office. Their trade was principally by the canal, and salt was a large item in their 98 - HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY business, for at that time there were many salt works engaged in manufacturing along the Muskingum river. Only one of the thirty is at present in active operation. N. W. Graham & Co., were owners of many canal boats, and their steamboats carried tons of freight from Pittsburg and Cincinnati for the towns along the canal. They engaged to deliver goods from Cincinnati, Philadelphia and Pittsburg for any destination either by boats or wagons, from Zanesville to surrounding towns. This firm was one of the most enterprising in Zanesville at that time. The first steam whistle on a Muskingum river boat was on the " May Queen." A number of men were loading a boat at the Buckingham & Sturges warehouse, now at the Putnam end of the Sixth street bridge; they heard a noise different from any other noise at that time. They stopped their work, listened and only one person attempted to explain it. He said: " My mother was East and she says they have a thing on the locomotives that makes a noise by steam, and I think it is one of 'them things' they have on locomotives." These men claim the " May Queen " was the first boat that had a whistle on it in this river trade. She was destroyed by fire at Marietta. The steamer "Newark" was built at Zanesville, by James and Stephen Bishop. It was engaged in the trade from Zanesville to Pittsburg, and also made trips to Cincinnati. The Newark was an unfortunate steamboat. On a Pittsburgh trip, when nearly opposite Liverpool, a flue bursted, killing Cris Kassell and Lafayette Hubbell, and badly scalding George Ross, the engineer. The boat was repaired, and it continued running, having a profitable business in the Pittsburg trade, when the owners built the steamer Enterprise, the largest boat, at that time, that had engaged in this trade. In the spring of 1849, the "Newark" was the Zanesville and Marietta packet, captain, Robert Leslie; pilot, John Boyd; engineer, Joseph Howland; clerk, C. Frame. About April 1, the "Enterprise" returned from a trip to New Orleans, bringing a large cargo of sugar and molasses. The boat paid the largest toll ever paid on the river, nearly 5500. The Enterprise then loaded for Pittsburg, taking 3,000 barrels of flour from the Fifth street warehouse, and other freight, making 600 tons. This was the first trip for the Enterprise to Pittsburg. The officers on this trip were: Captain Stephen Bishop; mates, Monroe Ayers and John Henderson; pilots, James Hahn and. Jesse Smith; engineers, David Hahn and another; clerks, George Brooks and C. Frame. There were no guards in front or on the sides of the boat, only heaving raising, as the boat hull completely filled the locks. It was a side-wheel boat, the wheels being in recesses near the stern, leaving all available space possible for freight. The cabin was nearly the width of the boat. There was a "texas" on the main cabin, with a hall and rooms for the officers. At that time the freight was raised from the hold of boats by a windlass, using hand power. On the return of the "Enterprise" from Pittsburg preparation for a trip to Ft. Independence or Leavenworth was already made. Young men from the country arrived, getting their outfit ready for a trip across the plains—their wagons occupying much space on the boat. The hurricane deck was covered with the freight, as well as every available space of the boat. Many families were passengers going to Iowa and other Western states. It was a grand sight when the boat's lines were hauled in preparatory to passing down the canal. There was much hand-shaking and " wishing you a safe journey." The boat at last passed out of the lock, turned and headed down the river amid loud hurrahs. Friends remained on the lock walls until it passed around the bend in the river. Some of the passengers again returned after years of hardship, poorer than when they left Zanesville, others died on the plains, and a few made fortunes in California, and remained there. The family of Samuel Brown, consisting of sons, daughters and sons-in-law, were among the passengers. Mr. Brown's daughter, Mary, whose husband was a Mr. Dutro, died on the trip across the plains. John Henderson, who died at Columbus in the winter of 1891-92, was second mate on the boat. He had a money-interest in the craft, and he continued on it until it was in the Licking river near Cincinnati in 1851. The "Newark" carried a number of wagons for the "Enterprise" to Harmer. Business was very good in the river trade in the spring of 1849. The crew of the "Newark," from the captain to the smallest cabin boy, worked for the owners of the boat until the return of the "Enterprise." The firm called on the clerk for all the money and bills, the time of men ordered made out, and while the captain and clerk were engaged at the work the sheriff called and levied on the boat for indebtedness to a firm in Marietta, who held a chattel mortgage on the boat and the furniture for £300. None of them had been paid their wages for a month. They clubbed together and employed an attorney to secure their wages. They were advised to put in their claims and buy the HISTORY OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 99 boat. All of them together did not have $300 cash, enough to pay the mortgage, so they let the sale take place, being informed the boat, if sold, was bound for their wages. It was sold and purchased by N. W. Graham & Co. for $300. After a number of efforts at law, the men lost their case and the amount due them from the "Newark" went to the wrong side of their profit and loss accounts. A number of the men worked for N. W. Graham & Co. for many years after the sale of the "Newark." The boat was repaired and continued in the Zanesville and Marietta trade until sunk, loaded with groceries for Zanesville merchants, at Luke Chute. The "Newark" was unfortunate. From the year 1848 to the completion of the Central Ohio railroad, the business for steamboats in the Zanesville trade to Pittsburg and Cincinnati, was very heavy. All freight to and from the East and South had either to be carried on the steamboats or wagoned from Wheeling. The spring trade in 1850, was good. "Jenny Lind," "Julia Deane," "Malta," and "Empress" were regular boats in the Pittsburg and Cincinnati trade and the "Viroqua," a regular tri-weekly packet in the Marietta trade. The steamer "Viroqua" came to the Muskingum river trade from Monongahela river. The boat was a model packet for the Marietta trade. Robert Galloway was captain; Joseph McVey and Dr. Wm. Milhouse, clerks; John Boyd, pilot. Captain McVey took command of the "Julia Dean" and C. Frame became second clerk of the "Viroqua." Dr. Milhouse taking charge of the office. After a time, Capt. Smith, chief owner of the Monogahela City relieved Galloway of command. Meantime, Dr. Milhouse having gone to the "Malta," C. Frame received promotion to the first clerkship. Capt. Smith was not   river man, and he was a reformer. He claimed that the wages of the pilots, engineers and mates on the "Viroqua" were too high. He reduced the pilot and the engineer $10 per month each, and the mate $5. They all left the boat. He got new men who could not get situations on any boat, their he began his experience in steamboating on the Muskingum river. Many persons would not travel on the boat, and shippers of freight complained their goods were not safe with the pilot and engineer. One week the boat had to pay $300 for repairs. The business fell off, and the captain began to see that cheap pilots, cheap engineers and an inexperienced commander were no advantage to the receipts. He directed the clerk to visit the dismissed men and offer them their old situations. The men were seen and said they would return for an increase over their old wages of $10 for the pilot and engineer and $5 for the mate per month. They all returned, and the captain registered their wages on the crew register. He also increased the clerk's wages $5 per month. Three weeks' experience with a green commander taught the owners of the boat that they would have more cash if the boat was in charge of experienced men. John Henderson, of Beverly, was employed to take charge of the boat. The boat had an increase of business, owners were paid big dividends until April, 1851. Capt. Galloway and his friends purchased a controlling interest in the boat. He came to Zanesville, showed his papers and again took command. He dismissed all the men on the boat. Capt. Henderson remained on the " Viroqua " until the boat left the Muskingum trade. The clerk of the " Viroqua " was employed by N. W. Graham & Co., and his work was on the " Jenny Lind " and " Julia Deane " during the trade of 1851. About this time the steamer " Yankee," Capt. Adam McKee, was for a short time in the Pittsburg and Zanesville trade. Nothing unusual occurred with this boat, except one time when detained by high water in the Zanesville canal, the captain gave a swell dinner to his Zanesville friends. It was a dinner—the best that the steward could provide, Brandy, whisky and wine were plenty, the guests drank freely and it was one of the most hilarious times for all that were present. When the boat returned to Pittsburg, Capt. William Koontz, the principal owner, made inquiry about the Zanesville feast, then the crew were paid and the boat was laid up. Trade was very brisk in the spring of 1851. Four boats nearly new were plying between Zanesville and Pittsburg, and plenty of business for all of them, yet the competition between the "Jenny Lind" and "Malta" was encouraged until it was opposition. Captain Henry Dexter, of the "Malta," was always happy when fighting, figurately speaking, some person engaged in the same business. The first difficulty in that season, when blows were struck, was on a Monday morning, at the Zanesville lock. The boats left the landing at the same time, and when they were in the bend of the canal, near the lock, they were side by side, with an excited crew on each boat. The mate of the "Malta" and carpenter of the "Jenny Lind" were soon on the lock wall, engaged in a contest for the lock. The mate of the "Malta" won by knocking the carpenter of the "Jenny Lind"