96 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY (RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) CHAPTER IX. EDUCATION, COMPRISING PUBLIC SCHOOLS. COMMERCIAL COLLEGE. PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS. THE PARISH SCHOOLS DESCRIBED UNDER THE ST. THOMAS AND ST. NICHOLAS ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES AND THE TRINITY EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN. SCHOOLS. The first school within the present limits of the city of Zanesville was opened by David Harris, in 1800, in a log cabin on the river bank, between Licking river and Lee street, in West Zanesville, that settlement containing nearly all the children of school age; the attendants from Natchez came in canoes and those from Zanesville waded the stream in low water. The first school in the original city was held by Joseph Jennings, in a log cabin on the west side of Second street, between Main street and Fountain alley, but the attendance was small and the greater number came from Natchez, West Zanesville and the country. The next school was open by Daniel Dimmick, in 1804, in a cabin on public PAST ANID PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY- 97 ground on Putnam Hill and was plainly seen from the Zanesville side of the river. The alternation occured in 1805, when Zanesville's first school house was erected of logs, with a dirt floor, at corner of Market street and Potter alley, and was conducted by Samuel Herrick. In 1808 the school house on Putnam Hill was again occupied by Charles Roberts and from this time mental training does not appear to have been unattended to ; succeeding schools were conducted in a log cabin on the site of the present Kirk House ; northeast corner of Sixth and North; in the old frame court house, where the higher branches, including Latin and Greek, were taught; in Frazey's tavern, at Sixth street and Locust alley ; Seventh street and Fountain alley; and by "Mother Goff" at northeast corner of Main street and Cyprus alley. Books were rare and expensive and soon wore out and she constructed a paddle, with the alphabet on one A PIONEER SCHOOL HOUSE (PICTURE) side and spelling lessons on the reverse, which was more, and legend asserts that she employed it for other than strictly intellectual purposes. Indeed, the ancient pedagogues acted upon a literal interpretation of a paraphrase of a familiar quotation : ‘Tis education molds the human mind ; And with a birch 'tis oft whipped in behind. A system of bonding, or bailing, prevailed among the early teachers with respect to girls ; a boy was permitted to become security for the good behavior of a girl, and the punishment for been inflicted of rules, which otherwise would have been inflicted upon her, was imposed upon the boy hostage; the rule required that the substitute should be held by another boy while submitting to the chastisement, but legend affirms that the instances in which a girl forfeited her bond were exceedingly rare. ZANESVILLE ACADEMY. When Zanesville was platted the proprietors devoted the west half of two lots at northeast corner of Market street and Potter alley to educational purposes, and in 1818, after the death of McIntire, the surviving partner, Jonathan Zane, executed a deed for the ground t9 Daniel Conyers and others, for school purposes. Mr. Conyers and thirty others organized an association, limited to fifty-three shares, at $25.00 each, which were all subscribed, and the Market Street Academy was erected. In consideration of the use of the third story for lodge purposes, the lodge of Amity of the Freemasons contributed one-third of the cost of constructing the three- story brick building which still stands in Market street, immediately west of the former Masonic hall. The first school was opened in February, 1822, and each stockholder was privileged to send a pupil for each share'of stock ; the building became city property in 1858 and was maintained for school purposes until about 1885. MCINTIRE SCHOOL. John McIntire provided, in his will, that if his daughter should die without children, his entire estate should be devoted to the "use and support of a poor school," which his executors should "establish in the town of Zanesville, for the use of the poor children of said town." The McIntire Academy, northeast corner of Fifth and North streets, was erected and opened in April. 1836, to carry out the designs of the testator, and was maintained by the McIntire Board until 1856, when the graded schools were so well established that it was thought the purposes would be most successfully accomplished by placing the school under the control of the City Board of Education. Two influences operated to bring about this action ; the public schools were much preferred by parents, because there was no implication of "poor children" in attending them, and the McIntire Academy had, in consequence. not been successful ; and circumstances made it undesirable to comply with the letter of the will respecting investments, and the transfer of the building to the control of the city was regarded as a satisfactory, temporary measure, the McIntire Board agreeing to sustain the expenses of the school until the tedious process of litigation to procure an interpretation of the will could be followed to a conclusion. Suit was instituted but a decision was not reached until 1868, when the Supreme Court decreed that the administrators "must discontinue the present plan of applying a portion of the proceeds of said trust funds in aid of the common or public schools of Zanesville." The first principal of the McIntire Academy 98 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. was John M. Howe, who had previously conducted a private "Seminary" at North and Seventh streets, and continued as principal for a decade or more. He was assisted by A. E. Howe and George Miller, and later by Thomas H. Patrick, and the curriculum included Latin, Greek and other advanced branches. Theodore D. Martindale succeeded Mr. Howe, with Mr. Patrick and two female assistants, and he was superseded by Joseph Davidson ; the last principal, under the McIntire exclusive direction, was Thomas H. Patrick. The McIntire contributions had been exceedingly helpful to the city schools and after the decision of the court, in 1868, the Board of Education inquired of the McIntire Board whether any legal method could be devised whereby the McIntire money could be continued, and was informed that if a statute could be enacted authorizing the plan the McIntire Board would be satisfied with the following: The Board of Education to place in charge of the McIntire Board as many schools as the McIntire fund would support. and the latter would make rules and appoint and pay teachers for the same, and admit thereto children who were not classed "poor ;" the Board of Education to act as the agent of the estate, conduct the schools and admit "poor children" to the other schools. The desired statute was passed May 5, 1868, arm six schools, known as the John McIntire schools, were opened and conducted under the agreement until 1880. September 12, 1873, the McIntire Board voted $800.00 per year for books and clothing for poor children, to be distributed by the Board of Education through teachers appointed by the McIntire Board. January 21, 1877, a special additional donation of $200.00 was made and May 24, 1878, the aggregate donation was $1,800.00. May 19, 1880, the contribution was reduced to $800.00; increased to $1,200.00 January 4, 1881, and reduced to $1,000.00 in 1882. October 7. 1885. an extra donation of $63o.00 was made, and December 8, 1893, another $400.00 was added. January 2, 1894, the annual sum was fixed at $1,300.00. and March 26. 1898, a special appropriation was made in aid of flood sufferers. April 7, 1902, the last appropriation of $1,300.00 was made and the Board of Education informed that the income of the estate would not permit further donations. A summary of the amounts contributed by the McIntire estate exhibits the princely liberality of Zanesville’s founder. The cost of constructing and maintaining the McIntire Academy to the time it was placed in charge of the City Board of Education was $47,288.44, and the expenses paid and contributions made until the cessation in 1902 was $22o.856.06. an aggregate of $268,144.50- GENERAL SCHOOL LAWS. The first general school law was enacted by the General Assembly in 1824-5 and provided for three directors in each school district, and the Zanesville schools were conducted in accordance therewith, and were of the same ungraded character as rural schools. At the call of the school directors of the Zanesville district, a citizens’ meeting was held in the Senate chamber, December 29, 1838, and a committee appointed to draft a bill for the better regulation of the city schools and another committee to "lobby." February 13, 1839, the special bill for the "Support and Better Regulation of the Schools of the Town of Zanesville" became a law, and provided that on before the first clay of the succeeding April six school directors should be elected, two for one year, two for two years and two for three year and annually thereafter two to serve for three years, but only freeholders, householders and heads of families were permitted to vote; the directors were to determine "the number and description of buildings necessary for school purposes in said town and report the same in writing to the council," and "that thereupon it shall be the duty of said council, at the expense of said town, to purchase said site or sites and cause to be erected thereon, tinder the supervision of said board, such school building, or buildings, as may be described in said report." The board was authorized, "when the public money was insufficient, to supply the deficiency by a tax upon the parents and guardians of pupils attending, in proportion to the time of their attendance, and to exempt from such tax such parents or guardians as, in the opinion of the board, were unable to pay it, and were not entitled to send to the McIntire school. April 1, 1839, the election was held and April 6th the board organized and selected locations and opened schools in rented buildings as follows : Market and Fifth streets ; Fifth street, between Main and South streets ; Sixth street, near Marietta; old Methodist church, between First and Second streets ; first and second floors in the Market street academy; basement of the Market Street Baptist church; Harris' school room, in Third street. February 15, 1840, the erection of the first school house was ordered on the hill at the head of Main street, opposite St. Nicholas' church and familiarly known as the old high school. The contract for the construction was awarded March 12th, at $3.750.00, and it was completed and occupied November 6. 1840, when several rented rooms were vacated and other changes made in their arrangement. December 9, 1841, the John M. Howe "Seminary" building, at Seventh and North streets. was purchased for $1,500.00 and PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 99 occupied April 1, 1842, and with this event the history of the graded schools in Zanesville begins. In September, 1842, the organization, as completed, was the male seminary installed in the new brick hill school building, and the female seminary occupying the Howe seminary building. Each was divided into a senior and junior department, with a principal in each and a sufficient number of assistants. The income from taxation was sufficient to maintain the organization and tuition fees of $1.00 per quarter, in the junior, and $1.50 per quarter, in the senior department, were charged against residents, and $3.00 and $4.00 respectively, per quarter against non-residents. A serious historical loss was sustained April 7, 1845, in the destruction by fire of the records of the schools in the burning of the residence of the secretary of the board. FIRST SUPERINTENDENT. In February, 1852, Mr. George W. Batchelder was chosen superintendent of all the schools, at a salary of $1,000.00, and twelve teachers constituted the corps of instructors. In May. 1852, the female seminary was destroyed by fire and the schools were opened in the basement of the Seventh Street Methodist Episcopal church and the Market Street academy ; the loss stimulated the board to provide permanent and more suitable accommodations for the schools, and a committee was named to select sites for four ward buildings and a high school. The council authorized the issue bonds to an aggregate of $25,000.00 and in April, 1853, lots for the Center and Harvey street buildings were purchased, and the superintendent sent to Cleveland, Sandusky and Columbus to inspect the school buildings and advise the boar upon the most desirable plans. In July, 1853, contracts were awarded for the erection of the Center and Harvey streets buildings, at $7.645.00 each, exclusive of the stone work, and they were completed in April. 1855: at the same time the building on the hill was ordered place in condition for high-school purposes. In the spring of 1853 the first school for the education of colored children was established: the law then in force required a separate board of directors, elected by the colored people, and the cost of the school was met by taxes levied of the colored people. In October, 1854, Mr. Batchelder resigned and the records bear witness to his efficiency in adapting the means at his command to the inauguration of. THE GRADED SCHOOL SYSTEM. Mr. Almon Samson became superintendent in April, 1855, and Mr. Charles W. Chandler, principal of the first high school: the city school system was then organized into departments—the Primary, with a course of three years ; the Secondary, of three years ; Senior, of three years, and High-School, with courses of two, four and five years, respectively. Mr. Samson resigned at the close of the school year in July, 1857, when there were thirty-one teachers and one high school, two Senior, five Secondary, ten Primary, one unclassified and one colored school ; the white enumeration in attendance being 1,500. During 1856 ground was bought for the Rural school, in the northeast portion of the city, and the building was erected and the school opened during the school year of 1857-8. Mr. M. D. Leggett succeeded Mr. Samson, as superintendent, at a salary of $1,200.00, and in his first report commented upon the simplicity and thoroughness of the work planned by his predecessor, and remarked that "there are in the city but very few patrons of our schools who would be willing to have any material alteration made. either in the course of study or classification." Night schools were maintained from November to March and the schools progressed favorably. January 7, 1862, Mr. Leggett resigned to accept the colonelcy of the Seventy-eighth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a regiment which earned honor for itself and the county from which it was recruited. Mr. Charles W. Chandler, principal of the high school, was chosen superintendent at a salary of $1,000.00, but the exigencies of the times made economy essential and at the close of the school year the superintendency was abolished, and a reduction made in salaries ; reports are very incomplete, and at the close of the year there were thirty-five teachers and an enrollment of 2,110 pupils. In June, 1865. Mr. Chandler resigned as principal of the high school. and Mr. A. T. Wiles was elected at a salary of $1,000.00 ; no official changes occurred until the close of the school year 1869-70, when the office of superintendent was revived and Mr. Wiles placed in charge of the schools at a salary of $1,500.00, and Miss Margaret Stults selected as principal of the high school, at a salary of $1.000.00. During this scholastic year the Stemler building, in Marietta street, had been erected and occupied and the Presbyterian Mission Sunday School building. in Monroe street, had been purchased for public school purposes. Durmg 1870 Natchez, or South Zanesville, was annexed and with it came the Pear street building, and later in that year West Zanesville was added to the city and placed the Moore building, a four-room brick structure, in charge of the Zanesville Board. During 1872 Putnam was annexed, with the two-room brick building, in Woodlawn avenue, and the four-room brick build- 100 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. ing, at Madison street and Moxahala avenue; only a nominal control of the Putnam schools was exercised until the close of the year that the schools might not be impaired by a change in the midst of the course. By these additions the teaching corps was increased from forty-five to sixty persons ; Rev. R. S. James succeeded Miss Stults, as principal of the high school during 1872. During 1873, at the request of the Board of Education, the City Council erected the six-room brick building in Monroe street; a four-room brick building in Columbia street, and added two rooms to the Moore building, at Park and Amelia streets, the cost of the improvements being $30,000.00. The special law for the Zanesville schools, of 1839, made no provision for a levy by the Board of Education, but directed that the City Council should annually appropriate a sufficient sum to meet the expenses of the schools. In 1849 the law was amended which authorized the Board of Education, in certain cities, to determine the levy for the maintenance, but did not vest them with the power to make a levy for the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings. In 1851 this provision was, by special enactment, extended to Zanesville and the Board of Education could levy for contingent expenses, but was dependent upon the council for improvements. The several statutes were conflicting and inconsistent, and at times it was difficult to determine the authority of either body, under complex conditions. The general school law of 1873 removed all doubts by vesting in the Board of Education the title of all property formerly held by the City Council, and authorized the former to provide for all expenses, by a levy of not exceeding seven mills, and when necessary, to borrow money on bonds for sites and buildings. At the opening of the school year, 1875-6, Mr. W. D. Lash succeeded Rev. R. S. James, as principal of the high school, and September 27, 1875, a four-room brick building was ordered erected in Jackson street at a cost of $5,525.00. May 9, 1876, two petitions were presented from citizens, asking economy in the operation of the schools, and the subject was referred to a committee who recommended that district principals be abolished, and the school organization be revised, but the proposition was not agreed to, and salaries were revised. June 12, 1878, a two-room addition was ordered erected to the Rural building, and the contract was awarded, July 17, at $1,182.00, and a two- room brick building was ordered built on Moxahala avenue. Mr. Wiles resigned as superintendent, and Mr. W. D. Lash was chosen as his successor and Mr. H. A. Axline as principal of the high school. The increase in the colored schools and the demand for more advanced courses caused the inauguration, at the beginning of the school year 1878-9, of a colored high school in a building on Ninth street, and Mr. Charles S. Harrison, a colored man of high attainments, was appointed principal, at a salary of $600.00. The demand for more room for both white and colored schools was very great and the solution was beyond the ability of the board with the resources at its command. December 29, 1879, Mr. H. A. Axline resigned as principal of the high school and Mr. C. R. Long was elected to the vacancy. In May, 1889, lots were purchased in the "old Seventh ward” for $800.00 and a two-room brick building was erected at a cost of $2,800.00, and is now known as the Munson building ; during 1880-1 a remodeling and enlargement of the Madison street building was, effected at a cost of $4,000.00, the crowded condition of the schools in that neighborhood rendering the action a positive necessity, June 28, 1881, the district principal was abolished and the entire supervision placed in charge of the superintendent, and some modifications made in the government of the buildings, in consequence of the innovation. The isolation and elevation of the high school building ; the dilapidated condition of the Market street academy ; the unsanitary surroundings and accommodations in the Masonic building, and the inadequate provisions for the colored schools on the east side of the river, made a large central building essential, and that the problem was complex the records of the board fully attest. June 20, 1881, the purchase of the lot on east of Sixth, between North and Center streets was ordered, and January 14, 1882, the plans and specifications for a three-story, twelve-room brick building were approved, and the handsome high school building was constructed and completed for the opening of the schools for the year 1883-4at a cost of $38,801.83. The old high school was at once put in good repair for the use of the colored schools on the east side of the river, and the colored schools opened there in September, 1883, and the former buildings in Ninth sold as unsuited for educational purposes. At the close of the year in June, 1884, Mr. C. R. Long resigned the principalship of the high school and Mr. J. M. Seright was chosen, and at the close of the school year, 1885-6, he resigned and was succeeded by Mr. L. L. H. Austen During 1886-7 an addition of two room was made to the Columbia building, at an expense of $3,000.00; during this year the colored schools were closed, by reason of a statute which required the admission of colored pupils to the white schools, a measure which has been unfortunate in its results, as colored graduates are PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 101 unable to take advantage of the education they have so deligently acquired, very often at great personal and family expense. July 30, 1888, Mr. Willis M. Townsend succeeded Mr. Austen as principal of the high school. February 27, 1888, the site for the Lincoln building, in Sheridan street, was purchased ; June 3, 1889, the plans were approved, and August 20, 1889, the contract for a four-room, brick building was awarded at $9,971.83. July 11, 1893, a two-room, brick addition was ordered to the Columbia building at a cost of $3,187.00. graduating from the high school sed in numbers very rapidly, and The classes graduating from the high school had been increased in numbers very rapidly, and as the custom had prevailed of having each graduate read an essay, the programme became exceedingly tiresome when two score or more pupils were graduated ; afternoon and evening sessions were held with unsatisfactory results, and with each succeeding year the exercises became more uninteresting. The request of some graduates to be excused from reading was promptly granted, but the number desiring an active part was still too great, and to add to the embarrassment, each class manifested a desire to outshine its predecessor in the appointments of the occasion; the facility with which the pupils requests were granted developed a sentiment among the graduates that the board was an agent to execute their wishes, and they were accustomed to indicate what should or should not occur. The board finally evinced an appreciation of the dignity of their position and September 5, 1893, adopted rules governing commencement exercises, and July 22, 1895, made still further rules, declaring that the number of active participants should he limited to nine, three to consist of the three graduates whose averages were the highest; three to be chosen by the class and three to be chosen by the faculty ; but no substitutes to be allowed in case of failure to participate. To encourage pupils ill the Grammar grade, who had no intention of entering the high school to complete the Grammar course, it was decided, Apr 16, 1894, to issue diplomas of graduation from the Grammar grade, and to hold graduating exercises, during which the diplomas would be formally presented by the superintendent. The first Grammar School commencement was held in Memorial Hall, at the conclusion of the school year, in 1894. and at once became very popular. July 20, 1895, a lot at Luck avenue and Belknap stree was purchased for $4.000.00, and August 5 a contract was awarded for the erection of a four-room brick building, for $15,438.00, and was named Garfield; on the same dates five lots fronting on Fair Oaks Park, and two lots on Putnam and Moxahala avenues, adjoining the first named, were purchased for $4,675.00, and contract for the erection of a four-room brick building, at $15,550.00, to be known as Grant ; August 12, 1895, a contract was awarded at $6,295.00 for a four-room addition to the Lincoln building. July 13, 1903, the McIntire school lot, bounded by North, Fifth, Center and Sixth streets, was purchased for $25,000.00; on the same date a communication was read from James Buckingham stating that the trustees and legatees under the will of Mrs. Eunice Buckingham proposed an absolute donation to the Board of Education, of the library so long kept at the Putnam Female Seminary, the same to be known as the "Eunice Hale Buckingham Collection," and to be used as a school library, to be managed by the board so "as to make said collection as useful to the public, in the cause of education, as it is and shall be possible and practicable." The valuable collection was accepted with grateful acknowledgements, and August 24th rules were adopted for its management. During November, 1903, a fire seriously damaged the Lincoln building, and only two rooms were uninjured and fit for occupancy ; the grammar grades were provided for in the high school, Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal church and council chamber, and the primary schools suspended until repairs were made. May 4, 1904, a committee from the Zanesville Atheneum appeared before the board and proposed to convey to it the real estate and library of that venerable institution, which was agreed to May 16, in accordance with the provisions enumerated in the sketch of the Atheneum. July 1, t9o4, Willis M. Townsend resigned as principal of the high school and Mr. Charles S. Hoskinson was elected to the position. The provisions of the new municipal code having been extended to the school boards, and three members having been determined upon as constituting the Zanesville board, the members were chosen at large at the election held in November, 1904, and the last meeting of the old board was held January 2, 1905, when it formally adjourned sine (lie. the new members were then qualified and organized by electing Frederick Geiger. president ; Gilbert Snyder, vice president, and I. P. Humphrey, clerk. The men who have conducted the school interests are as follows : 1839-40. Richard Stillwell, president ; John A. Turner, secretary, who died and was succeeded by Horatio J. Cox ; Charles G. Wilson. treasurer ; Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny, Allen Cadwallader, who resigned in July, 1840, and was succeeded by Uriah Parke. 1840-1. Richard Stillwell, president ; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Charles G. Wilson. treasurer ; 102 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. Hugh Reed, Horatio J. Cox, George W. Manypenny ; Mr. Stillwell resigned November 27, 1841, and was succeeded by Jesse Keene. 1841-2. George W. Manypenny, president; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, treasurer ; Hugh Reed, Horatio J. Cox, Jesse Keene, who was succeeded by J. W. Foster. 1842-3. Horatio J. Cox, president ; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, treasurer ; Mark Loudan, Adam Peters, John W. Foster, succeeded in April, 1843, by E. E. Fillmore. 1843-4. Horatio J. Cox, president ; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, treasurer ; Mark Loudan, Adam Peters, E. E. Fillmore. 1844-5. Horatio J. Cox, president ; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, treasurer ; Mark Loudan, Adam Peters, E. E. Fillmore. 1845-6. Horatio J. Cox, president ; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Charles G. Wilson, treasurer ; E. E. Fillmore, Leonard P. Bailey, Gottleib Nattinaer. 1846-7. Horatio J. Cox, president ; Uriah Parke, secretary ; Nelson W. Graham, treasurer ; E. E. Fillmore, L. P. Bailey, Gottleib Nattinger. 1847-8. E. E. Fillmore, president ; Uriah Parke, secretary ; N. W. Graham, treasurer ; L. P. Bailey, Gottleib Nattinger, George Fracker. 1848-9. E. E. Fillmore, president ; N. W. Graham, secretary ; L. P. Bailey, Alexander Sullivan, William Schultz, Henry Blanch. 1849-50. E. E. Fillmore, president ; Alexander Sullivan, secretary ; L. P. Bailey, George A. Jones, George B. -Reeve, William Schultz. 1850-1. E. E. Fillmore, president ; Alexander Sullivan, secretary ; L. P. Bailey, George A. Jones, James L. Cox, George L. Shinnick. 1851-2. E. E. Fillmore, president ; Alexander Sullivan, secretary ; L. P. Bailey, George A. Jones, George L. Shinnick, Jacob Glessner. 1852-3. E. E. Fillmore, president ; Alexander Sullivan, secretary ; L. P. Bailey, James L. Cox, Jacob Glessner, George L. Shinnick. 1853-4. James L. Cox, president ; Alexander Sullivan, secretary ; George L. Shinnick, Jacob Glessner, Michael Dulty, John M. James. 1854-5. Jacob Glessner, president ; L. H. Bigelow, secretary ; Michael Dulty, John T. Fracker, James F. Adams, Bernard Van Horne. 1855-6. L. H. Bigelow. president ; L. P. Marsh, secretary ; John T. Fracker, James F. Adams, William Schultz, William M. Shinnick. 1856-7. L. H. Bigelow; president; Tames F. Adams, secretary; John T. Fracker, William Schultz, William M. Shinnick, Alex. C. Ross. 1857-8. L. H. Bigelow, president ; James F. Adams, secretary ; William M. Shinnick ; Alex. C. Ross, D. D'Yarmett, Adams Fletcher. 1858-9. Alex. C. Ross, president ; A. P. Blocksom, secretary ; William M. Shinnick, D. D'Yarmett, Adams Fletcher, William A. Graham. 1859-60. Adams Fletcher, president; A. P. Blocksom, secretary ; William M. D. Shinnick D'Yarmett, W. A. Graham, Alfred Ball, M. D. 1860- 1. Adams Fletcher, . president ; A. P. Blocksom, secretary ; William M. Shinnick, A. Graham, A. Ball, M. D., F. A. Thompson. 1861-2. Adams Fletcher, president ; A P. Blocksom, secretary ; William M. Shinnick, A. Ball, M. D., F. A. Thompson, Thomas Lindsay. 1862-3. Adams Fletcher, president ; F. A. Thompson, secretary ; William M. Shinnick, A. P. Blocksom, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell 1863-4. Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary ; William M. Shinnick A. P. Blocksom, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell. 1864-5. Adams Fletcher, president ; F. A. Thompson, secretary ; William M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell. John R. Price. 1865-6. Adams Fletcher, president ; F. A. Thompson, secretary ; Thomas Lindsay, J. R. Price, C. C. Russell, W. M. Herriott. 1866-7. Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary ; Thomas Lindsay. J. R. Price, C. C. Russell. W. M. Herriott. 1867-8. Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary ; J. R. Price, C. C. Russell, W. M. Herriott, M. C. Mitchell. 1868-9. Adams Fletcher, president ; F. A. Thompson, secretary ; J. R. Price. C. C. Russell, M. C. Mitchell, George W. Gheen, George W. Griffee, Theobald Stemler. 1869-70. Adams Fletcher, president ; C. C. Russell, secretary ; J. R. Price, M. C. Mitchell, George W. Griffee, Theobald Stemler, R. A. Victor, J. W. Conrade. 1870-I. Adams Fletcher, president ; C. C. Russell, secretary ; George W. Griffee, Theobald Stemler, F. A. Victor. J. W. Conrade, William H. Hurd, Isaac Piersol. 1871-2. George W. Griffee, president; C. C. Russell, secretary ; J. W. Conrade, W. H. Hurd, Isaac Piersol, Richard Hocking, William Lillienthal, Jesse Atwell, S. Jacobs Moore, William Geiger. 1872-3. George W. Griffee, president; William H. Hurd, secretary ; Isaac Piersol, Richard Hocking, William Lilienthal, C. W. Chaandler, Jesse Atwell, S. Jacobs Moore, C. C. Russell, Matthew Calhoon, J. V. Smeltzer. 1873-4. George W. Griffee, president; W. H. Hurd, secretary ; C. C. Russell, Richard Hocking, William Lilienthal, Jesse Atwell, Matthew Calhoon, J. V. Smeltzer, Henry Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan, J. C. Gillespie. 1874-5. George W. Griffee, president; W. H. Hurd, secretary ; Richard Hocking, Matthew Calhoon, J. V. Smeltzer, Henry Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan, Andrew L. Pierce, J. C. Gillespie. 1875-6. James C. Gillespie, president; W. H. PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - l03 Hurd, treasurer; Richard Hocking, George W. Griffee, William L. Lilienthal, James A. Cox, Henry Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan, A. L. Pierce. 1876-7, James C. Gillespie, president : Charles C. Goddard, treasurer; James A. Cox, William Lilienthal, Alfred Ball. M. D., Martin V. Mitchell, Andrew L. Pierce, John L. Turner, Eugene Printz, 1877-8, Eugene Printz, president ; James A. Cox, clerk; James C. Gillespie, treasurer; G. Jacob Crotzer, Martin V. Mitchell, William Lilienthal, Alfred Ball, :M. D., Homer C. White. John L. Turner. 1878-9, Martin V. Mitchell, president ; James A. Cox, clerk; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer ; William M. Shinnick, jr., Charles J. Brenholts. Alfred Ball, M. D. Homer C. White, John L. Turner, James C. Gillespie. 1879-80, Charles J. Brenholts, president ; James A. Cox, clerk ; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer; William M. Shinnick, jr., George R. Humphreye, Martin V. Mitchell, H. D. Munson, sr., John L. Turner, James C. Gillespie. 1880-1, William M. Shinnick, jr., president : G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer ; James A. Cox, Willial Lilienthal, George R. Humphreys. Martin V. Mitchell, H. D. Munson. sr., John I,. Turner, James C. Gillespie. 1881-2, H. D. Munson, sr., president ; William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer; S. F. Edgar, M. D., William Lilienthal, J. S. Haldeman, M. D., :Martin V. Mitchell. John L. Turner, James C. Gillespie. 1882-3, James C. Gillespie, president ; William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer; S. F. Edgar, M. D., Charles J. Brenholts, H. J. Baker, J. S. Haldeman, M. D., H. D. Munson, sr., Jacob Zinsmeister. 1883-4, J. S. Haldeman, M. D.. president : William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer; S. F. Edgar, M. D., Charles J. Brenholts, H. J. Baker, H. D. Munson, sr., Jacob Zinsmeister, James C. (;illespie. 1884-5. H. D. Munson, sr., president ; William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer; S. F. Edgar, M. D., J. S. Haldeman, M. D., George Rishtine, Jacob Zinsmeister, James C. Gillespie. 1885-6, S. F. Edgar, M. D., president ; William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer; Charles J. Brenholts, J. S. Haldeman, M. D., George Rishtine, Henry B. Parsons, Jacob Zinsmeister, Thomas E. Richards. 1886-7, Thomas E. Richards. president ; William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; G. Jacob Crotzer, treasurer: S. F. Edgar, M. D.. Charles J. Brenholts, J. S. Haldernan, M. D., George Rishtine. Henry B. Parsons, Jacob Zinsmeister. 1887-8, Henry B. Parsons. president : Wiliam M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; Jacob Zinsmeister, treasurer; James T. Irvine, Charles J. Ilrenholts, J. S. Haldeman. M. D., George Rishtine, S. F. Edgar, M. D.. Thomas E. Richards, W. P. Wells, M. D. 1888-9. J. S. Haldeman. M. D., president ; William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; Jacob Zinsmeister, treasurer ; S. F. Edgar, M. D., James T. Irvine, Charles J. Brenholts, George Rishtine, Henry B. Parsons. Thomas E. Richards, Albion J. Andrews. 1889-90. J. S. Haldeman. M. D., president: William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; Jacob Zinsmeister, treasurer ; T. J. Barton, M. D., James T. Irvine. Charles J. Brenholts, George Rishtine, Theodore D. McCaddon, resigned May, 1890, and was succeeded by Louis F. Smith, Sarnuel L. Wiles, Albion J. Andrews. 1890-1. J. S. Haldeman, M. D., president ; William M. Shinnick, jr., clerk ; Jacob Zinsmeister. treasurer; T. J. Barton, M. D.„ James T. Irvine, Herman F. Achauer, Gedrge Rishtine, Louis F. Smith, S. L. Wiles, J. Hope Sutor. 1891-2. George Rishtine, president: William I. Shinnick, Jr.. clerk ; Jacob Zinsmeister, treasurer ; T. J. Barton, M. D.. James T. Irvine, H. F. Achauer. James N. Carr, A. Frank Allinson, S. L. Wiles, J. Hope Sutor. 1892-3. James T. Irvine, president: J. Hope Sutor, vice-president ; William M Shinnick, jr.. clerk ; George Rishtine. treasurer : T. J. Barton, M. D., H. F. Achauer, J. N. Carr. A. F. Allinson, Daniel G. .Willey, S. L. Wiles. 1893-4. James T. Irvine. president : J. Hope Sutor, vice-president ; William M. Shinnick, jr.. clerk ; George Rishtine, treasurer, died 1894. T. J. Marton, M. D., H. F. Achauer, J. N. Carr, Daniel B. Gary, jr., D. G. .Tilley, J. C. Gillespie. 1894-5. J. Hope Sutor, president ; T. J. Barton, M. D., vice-president : William M. Shinnick, jr.. clerk ; J. C. Gillespie, treasurer ; James T. Irvine. H. F. Achauer. J. N. Carr, died October 17, 1894. J. R. Greiner, D. B. Gary, jr.. H. C. Roush. 1895-6. J. Hope Sutor, president ; H. F. Achauer. vice-president ; J. C. Gillespie, clerk : D. B. Gary, jr., treasurer ; William M. Bateman. William M. Shinnick, jr., J. T. Irvine, J. C. Crossland, M. D.. J. R. Greiner. H. C. Roush. 1896-7. J. C. Crossland, M. D.. president ; William M Shinnick, jr., vice-president ; I. C. Gillespie, clerk ; D. B. Gary, jr.. treasurer ; William M. Bateman, J. T. Irvine, H. F. Achauer, F. F. Mull, Albert Volland, George W. Kennedy. F. R. Jones, James A. Brown. Charles E. Swingle. A political trick was played to maintain control of the city government by dividing three republican and one democratic wards in a manner to make five certain republican and one uncertain ward; the question of the legality of the proceedings was carried into the courts. and in November, 1896, the Circuit Court declared the creation 104 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. of the new wards illegal, and three of the above named members retired. 1897-8. William M. Shinnick, president ; E. R. Jones, vice-president ; W. M. Bateman, clerk ; H. F. Achauer, treasurer ; J. T. Irvine, J. C. Crossland, M. D., E. F. Mull, A. F. Munson, A. Volland, George W. Kennedy. 1898-9. William M. Shinnick, president ; E. R. Jones, vice-president ; W. M. Bateman, clerk : H. F. Achauer, treasurer ; J. T. Irvine, J. C. Crossland, M. D., E. F. Mull, A. F. Munson, S. S. Morrison, George W. Kennedy. 1899-1900. H. F. Achauer, president ; G. W. Kennedy, vice-president ; S. S. Morrison, clerk : W. M. Shinnick, treasurer ; B. F. Templeton, M. D., A. T. Christman, Milo E. Dunn, resigned November 20, 1899, and was succeeded by Gilbert Snyder, E. F. Mull, William M. Dodd, Karl Kappes. 1900-1. H. F. Achauer, president ; W. M. Dodd, vice-president ; S. S. Morrison, clerk ; W. M. Shinnick, treasurer ; B. F. Templeton, M. D., died October 2, Iwo, and was succeeded by F. A. Smith, M. D., A. J. Christman, Gilbert Snyder, F. F. Fell, Karl Kappes, John Rowe, sr. 1901-2. H. F. Achauer. president ; J. C. Gillespie, vice-president. (lied June 26, 1901, and was succeeded by Judge J. J. Adams, Mr. Rowe being chosen as vice-president ; S. S. Morrison, clerk ; W. M. Shinnick, treasurer ; D. H. Crawford. M. D., T. T. Irvine, Gilbert Snyder, E. E. Fell, J. B. W. Earich, John Rowe, sr. 1902-3. John Rowe, sr., president ; J. B. W. Earich, vice-president ; James T. Irvine, clerk ; W. M. Shinnick, treasurer ; D. H. Crawford, M. D.. H. F. Achauer, Gilbert Snyder, S. S. Russell, W. C. Bateman, M. D., W. S. Bell. 1903-4. W. C. Bateman, M. D., president ; D. H. Crawford, M. D., vice-president ; J. T. Irvine, clerk ; W. M. Shinnick, treasurer ; H. F. Achauer, Gilbert Snyder, S. S. Russell, W. S. Bell, John Rowe. sr.. J. B. W. Earich. 1904-5. W. C. Bateman, M. D., president : D. H. Crawford, M. D., vice-president ; J. T. Irvine, clerk ; W. M. Shinnick, H. F. Achauer, Gilbert Snyder. S. S. Russell, J. B. W. Earich, W. S. Bell, John Rowe, sr. The new municipal code, which destroyed former ward lines, made no provision for the election of school boards, and state authorities decided that old boards would hold over until legislation could be had. THE MEREDITH COLLEGE. Commercial colleges were conducted in Zanesville "before the war." In April, 1866. Small’s Business College was opened on the third floor, at the southeast corner of Main and Third streets, by J. C. Small and J. J. Dinsmore, and about two years later was purchased by J. W. Roll and F. M. Choguill, who changed the name to the Zanesville Business College. April, 1876, Choguill became sole proprietor, with H. B. Parsons as assistant, and in 188o Choguill sold to Parsons; C. C. Kennison became a partner, and W. G. Gay bought Parsons' interest, which he sold to O. S. Johnson ; Kennison retired and a partnership was formed by Johnson with Miss Emilie B. Saumenig and Frank E. Strough, who had conducted a similar school in the Memorial Hall, and the business was consolidated at Main and Third streets. Strough died and Johnson retired, an Milo E. Dunn was associated with Miss Saumenig for about a year, when he was succeeded by P. W. Fredericks. In the spring of 1895, Miss Saumenig became sole owner, and April 1, 1895, R. L. Meredith became manager and remained in charge until April 1, 1900, when the business passed to W. C. Howey, who soon after closed the school. Mr. Meredith opened the Meredith College April 1, 1900, in the Schultz Building, southwest corner of Main and Fifth streets, and during the five years, ended April 1, 1905, had enrolled 1,174 pupils ; from the small beginning, the college now occupies the four upper floors, as class rooms in addition to the general offices on the second floor. May 20, 1903, the college was incorporated under the Ohio statutes, with power to confer degrees and issue diplomas, and the present directors are : R. L. Meredith, president and business manager ; C. M. Shafer, vice-president; B. P. Leister, secretary and treasurer ; J. H. Shipps, H. F. Rohrman, L. B. Poe and Irwin G. Jennings, with Mrs. R. L. Meredith, corresponding secretary.