PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 77 (RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) CHAPTER VIII. ZANESVILLE, COMPRISING ZANE TRACE. FERRIES. TOPOGRAPHY, TOWN PLATS. NATCHEZ. WEST ZANESVILLE, PUTNAM. ZANESVILLE. MARKET HOUSE, CITY PRISONS. CEMETERIES. FIRE DEPARTMENT, WATER WORKS. MAYORS. THE ZANE TRACE. Although Kentucky had, in 1790, a population in excess of Delaware and Rhode Island, in 1800 she led Maine. New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware and Georgia, and showed an increase of 200 per cent during the decade. The old wilderness road was long and dangerous, and threats of separation were prevalent in the territory south of the Ohio river. The Northwest Territory was being rapidly occupied and to facilitate intercourse with both sections, on May 17, 1796, Congress passed an an act authorizing Ebenezer Zane, of Wheeling, Virginia, to mark out a road from that settlement to Limestone, now Maysville, Kentucky, on the Ohio river. In the following year he, his brother Jonathan, his son-in-law, John McIntire, John Green, Wm. McCulloch, Ebenezer Ryan and others proceeded to cut out the road. The opening of this road, in that day, was as stupendous an undertaking as the construction of a railroad, of similar length, is in ours, notwithstanding that the cutting was hasty and the specifications demanded no more than that the road should be passable for horsemen. Immigration was commonly on foot and if a horse were owned it was loaded with packs and if the immigrant were so fortunate as to also possess a cow, similar burdens were laid upon her ; when several families traveled in company, as usually occurred, the journey was not so unpleasant and uneventful, and as the forest was rich in game the camp fire at night, after a hearty meal, was highly enjoyed. The pack horses of the Zane trace party, which carried the tents and provisions, were in charge of Green, and as McIntire lacked skill in the use of the ax, he was detailed to kill the game, of which there was an abundance in the surrounding woods ; the remainder of the party, being experienced axmen, marked out the site of the road by blazing the trees, felling the timber and cutting out the underbrush. The old Indian trail from Wheeling, by way of the crossings of the Muskingum and Scioto rivers to the Ohio river, was well beaten and was several inches in depth, and its general course was closely followed except where better lines and grades could be secured. No trouble was experienced from ,the Indians, but at night regular watches, by two men, were established, and fires were maintained as protection against prowling beasts of prey, the duty being performed in rotation, by short watches, that each man could secure his needed rest. Upon approaching the Muskingum, the first survey was down the Big Salt Creek, to what is now known as Duncan's Falls, but subsequent surveys demonstrated the superior water power at the confluence of the Muskingum and Licking rivers and the crossing was reached by a course down Mill Run and along the river bank to the ford at the foot of Market street. This entrance was regarded as unsatisfactory for the development of the proposed town, and a new line was 78 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. run by which the approach was made over what is now designated as the Wheeling road, Greenwood avenue and Main street, thence crossing the Muskingum below the island, described in the caption topography, over Chap's run to the Maysville pike. The Indian trail crossed at the head of the upper falls, at the foot of Market street, to West Zanesville, thence over the Licking Island to Natchez, or South Zanesville as it was later called, up Chap's run and through the fair grounds to the Maysville pike. The road was completed in 1799, and February 14, 1800, President John Adams and Timothy Pickering, Secretary of State, signed a grant to Ebenezer Zane of three tracts of land in "the Territory Northwest of the river Ohio," each one mile square, "to have and to hold the said three tracts of land, with the appurtenances, unto the said Ebenezer Zane and his heirs forever." These tracts were located at the crossings of the Muskingum, Hocking and Scioto rivers, where Zanesville, Lancaster and Chillicothe are now respectively located. The Muskingum tract being hilly was regarded as the least valuable and December 19, 1800, Ebenezer and Elizabeth Zane, in consideration of $1030 conveyed it to Jonathan Zane and John McIntire. The several grants imposed upon Ebenezer Zane the duty of constructing, operating and maintaining ferries at the several river crossings, during the pleasure of Congress, and the obligation, at the Muskingum, went with the land conveyed to Zane and McIntire, and was by them given to Wm. McCulloch and Henry Crooks, for a term of five years, on condition that they remove their families to the Muskingum. This was done in 1797, McCulloch erecting the first cabin in Zanesville on the south side of Main street, on land now occupied by the canal, and Crooks located in Natchez, at the confluence of Chap's run and the Licking. The first boat was two canoes lashed together and when McIntire arrived with his household goods from Wheeling, his boat was put into the ferry service. The ferrymen's cabins were the only places of shelter for travelers arriving at the ferry after dark, and lodging accommodations were furnished on the floor. Mrs. Nancy Crooks was the first white woman in the settlement and her nearest white female neighbor was at Lancaster. Mrs. McCulloch was a half breed and her son, Noah Zane McCulloch. was ..the first white male born on the banks of the Muskingum, an event which occurred April 7, 1798. During the hard-cider campaign of 1840, Noah Z. McCulloch visited Zanesville to hear Harrison speak and a meeting of the old settlers was held at which toasts were drunk to old times and departed comrades. Daniel Conyers was present and proposed : "Here's to the health of the white male child born on the banks of the Muskingum, who was not exactly white," at which there was a general laugh as all knew McCulloch was meant The apparent discrepancy in the dates of proprietorship and occupancy are explained by the delays which occur in the land office in issuing patents ; the title may rest in a person according to the records of the office and he may not have any documents to assert it. Therefore, notwithstanding that the patents from the general government to Ebenezer Zane were not dated until February, 1800, and from him to McIntire in December, both acted upon the assurance that they were actual proprietors. FERRIES. The ferry privileges cost from $10 to $15 annually. The upper ferry crossed from the foot of Market street to Lee street in West Zanesville. and was kept by Daniel Whitaker in 1800; McIntire persuaded Whitaker to convey it to Black Mess, who ran it until the Main street bridge was erected, but the license was in the name of McIntire. The river was fordable, at low water, at the head of the falls for wagons, horses or on foot. The middle ferry was established in 1797 between Zanesville and Natchez and was operated by McCulloch and Crooks, under agreement with McIntire. The lower ferry was owned by Rufus Putnam Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, and was established in 1806, between Zanesville and Putnam ; it landed, on the Zanesville side, at the foot of Fourth street, and the ford was at the foot of Fifth street. When Harvey built his tavern at Third and Main he purchased a right of way and laid out a road, running diagonally from his tavern to the ford, and which came to be called Harvey’s Bridle Path ; at the ford and ferry he erected a finger pointing to his tavern. May 16, 1853, this alley was vacated as a public alley, at the request of the owners of all the abutting property. The fees for ferryage were fixed by the commissioners, and are interesting to contemplate in these days of five free bridges over the river. Foot passengers, 3 cents ; man and horse, 12 ½ cents ; loaded wagon and team, $1.00 ; empty wagon and team, 75 cents ; four wheeled carriage and team, 75 cents ; loaded cart and team, 50 cents ; empty cart, sled or sleigh with team, 37 ½ cents ; horses, mares, mules and meat cattle, each 10 cents ; hogs and sheep, 3 cents. In all cases where the ferryman was compelled by law to PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 79 ply after dark he could demand and collect for a foot passenger, 6 1/4 cents, and for a man and horse, 25 cents. TOPOGRAPHY. Notwithstanding the topography of the city is still rough and irregular, great changes have been wrought in the primeval conditions ; when the railroads were constructed, their embankments along the rivers established a grade to which much of the adjacent low lands or "bottoms" have been made to conform, the land between Third and Fourth streets and the river having been filled, in many places, as much as ten feet in depth. A ravine originally coursed where Potter alley is now located, commencing at Market street and crossing Main street, at a depth of six feet, to Diamond alley, or Harvey's Bridle Path, as it was known that day ; following Diamond alley to South street the ravine ran in a southeasterly direction to Fifth street, crossing the lot of the Griffith & Wedge Machine works to Mud Hollow, into which it emptied. Mud Hollow was a deep ravine along the course of Sewer alley, from North to South street, and at the latter point took a southeasterly direction across the site of the First Baptist church to Marietta street and into Slago Run, north of the locks. At Main street the depression fifteen feet ; to the east beyond Sixth street the hill was long and steep, and to the west to Fifth street, was extremely abrupt. Wagon wheels were always locked in descending either grade and a four-horse team and covered wagon, crossing Mud Hollow, was lost sight of to a person standing at Fourth and Main streets. Three slaughter houses and one tannery were located along the course of this stream. Fourth street, to the south of Main, was quite a descent and at the northeast corner of Fourth and South streets, where the Presbyterian church was built in 1816, an abrupt bluff existed, some sixteen steps being necessary to reach the surface of the lot, and a heavy stone wall was constructed in front of the church; the bluff extending east to Sixth street and about five feet of filling was necessary to bring South street to a convenient grade the cross streets. The dwellings standing on elevated ground on south and Seventh streets bear witness to the original contour of the ground in that neighborhood; a steep hill or bluff commenced near Seventh and Marietta streets and ran diagonally across Sixth and South to Locust alley. Sixth street was called High street because of its elevation. From Seventh to east of Eighth street, and from a short distance south of Main to Market and Underwood streets, was swampy ground and Main street was corduroyed; when a sewer was dug in this thoroughfare several years ago theber corduroy was uncovered several feet below the surface. The swamp was fed from the springs in the hills east of town, and in 1817 a ditch was (lug along Fountain alley across Main street to Seventh and South streets to intersect Mud Hollow. The rocks at the foot of Main street were a popular resort, and moonlight nights brought the town people there to dance on the smooth surface to the strains of theber violin of Black Mess ; back of the rocks was a natural sward but the canal destroyed the rocks and the resort. At Center and Fifth streets the original elevation of the ground on the east side of the street is shown in the Academy lot, and the sudden depression on the west side may be seen in the rear of the dwellings in the direction of Third street. When the town charter was granted grading the streets and filling hollows was begun and much complaint was made by those whose premises were affected by the improvements. The stagnant water caused much sickness and during some seasons it was particularly fatal. Main street was cut down in many places and filled in others, and when the Opera block was erected the fill in Fountain alley was found to be about ten feet and along Fifth street towards Main still deeper, increasing as Main street was approached. The Muskingum improvement has concealed the "falls" which naturally exist in the river ; three falls occurred within the present limits of the city, and the aggregate drop of the water was from eight to ten feet. The upper falls extended from the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge to the old dam formerly existing at the foot of Market street ; the middle falls extended from the Third street bridge to near Mam street ; and the lower falls began at the mouth of Slago Run and extended to nearly opposite Fifth street, where a large island or sand bar was uncovered during low water. These are now covered by the back water from the darn at Duncan's Falls. The water on the Zanesville side was deeper and swifter, and was the favorite channel, and boats selected it to the advantage of the Zanesville trade. At the mouth of the Licking a little island extended from the forks of the present bridge to the site of the Licking dam, dividing the stream into two mouths ; before the town was settled the island was covered with grass, underbrush and trees, some of the latter measuring as much as thirty inches in diameter ; wild geese built their nests and hatched their young, and Indians coming up over the lower falls always stopped at the lower end of the island to examine their canoes and rest before passing the upper falls. The road from West Zanesville to Natchez passed over 80 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY the island, and persons in canoes to and from Natchez passed around the lower end of the island. When the pier, at the forks of the "Y" bridge was built the stone was taken from the river and it was necessary to cut the lower end of the island away ; the destruction of the vegetable roots in the soil and the diminution of its area effected its gradual disappearance, especially after the improvement of the river. TOWN PLAT. Zanesville was laid out during the autumn of 1800 and the spring of 1801, the principal streets being delineated by cutting out the underbrush and felling the trees, and the plat was filed for record, April 28, 1802, at Marietta, the settlement being then in Washing-ton county. The east line of the town, as originally laid out, was the west line of Seventh street, which was forty-nine and one-half feet west of the east line of the Zane grant ; the south line was the north line of South street, which was thirty-three feet north of the south line of the grant; the north line was the south line of North street and the west line extended to within a short distance of the river. These limits allowed nearly fifty feet on the east and thirty-three feet on the south under the control of the proprietors, and as they owned all the adjacent land north and west of the town plat, interference by antagonistic interests could not well occur. The proprietors platted all lots fronting upon streets running north and south, and only two triangular lots at the extreme west end of Main street fronted upon that thoroughfare; as Main street was so named on the plat, and was the public highway, persons desiring a frontage on it were obliged to purchase several lots, and subdivisions thus begun has been continued to the present day. The reason for this system of fronting the lotS is now unknown but it has been suggested that the proprietors doubtless considered that the water power would cause a large manufacturing city to arise and the river would be the course of the traffic, and the highway would be a subsidiary and unimportant avenue of communication. Shortly after the platting Jonathan Zane and John I cIntire partitioned between themselves the remainder of the grant lying outside the town limits ; McIntire acquired twenty-two acres south of Center street and west of Seventh street, and 246 acres on the west side of the river, east of Blue avenue, south of Adair avenue and north and west of the rivers, which included what are now known as West Zanesville, the two McIntire Terraces and the River addition. Before his death he platted his east side outlots, acquired the land between South street and the river and an extensive area east of the original grant. In 1804 the town contained twenty-one cabins and one hundred and fifteen inhabitants ; one third of the cabins entertained strangers, the emigrants separating here; those traveling north crossed the upper ferry, and those to the west and south the middle ferry or the ford and lower ferry. NATCHEZ. Tradition is not history and personal recollections are faulty because confusion of dates and events frequently occur ; the American is not a an iconoclast but a practical man, and wants fact and fiction to be clearly defined ; while he indulges in imagination at times he knows it is imagination notwithstanding he may endeavor to convince an other that it is fact, but when he deals in facts himself he wants them unadorned, although they may be hideous and destructive of cherished legends; he can still preserve the legend but relate it as one does a fairy tale. Corroborative evidence, therefore, should be sought when mere assertions are made of ancient events and thi comment is penned because of the reiterated statement, by several chroniclers who have been con suited, that in 1794, or 1797-8 Joseph F. Munro, Herman Blennerhassatt and Dudley Woodbridge under the firm name of J. F. Munro & Company established a trading post at the mouth of th Licking river, where the office of Hook Brother & Aston now stands, and exchanged whiskey powder and lead for furs and pelts, which wer shipped in large quantities, by water to Marietta and Pittsburg, and by pack horses to Sandusky Munro built a cabin on the site named, in 1798 and engaged in the business as stated, but that Blennerhassatt was associated in the business a either of the dates is improbable, if not impossible. At the first he was still in England and he did not purchase the island in the Ohio river until March, 1798, and, if this notorious character ever was interested in the commerce of Zanesville it must have been not earlier than 1799 Munro was engaged in business at Zanesville in 1801 and was in partnership with Convers in 1803. Andrew Crooks settled near his brother Henry in the spring of 1798, on the bank of the Licking, west of Chap's run, and the first industry Natchez was hat making, conducted by on Molesbury, in 1800. and in 1801 by James Jennings ; in 1802 a tannery was in operation of (map's run, owned by Reuben Jennings and sol in 1804 to Levi Chapman ; in 1803 Joseph Whitaker manufactured brick and in the same year John A. Mathews bought goods to the amount of $1,065.00, from Jeffrey Price, and opened a store in the cabin formerly occupied by Munro. General Van Horne arrived at Zanesville in 1805 and in 1806 laid out the town. but the plat was never recorded, and in the same year erected his resi- PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 81 dence in what is now Pine street ; its color gave it the name of the white house and was plainly seen from the Zanesville side ; the next dwelling Pear street. About 1828-9 Isaac Dillon built the Pataskala mills, near the bank of the Licking, and operated them until 1835, when he sold to Moses Dillon, and he to Solomon and William Sturges; in 1855 William Beaumont became owner and in the flood of 1860 the north abutment of the dam was destroyed and the mill seriously damaged ; in 1868 a portion of the dam was again washed out and in 1872 the mill was thoroughly overhauled and supplied with turbine wheels, and when Mr. Beaumont January 19, 1873, it was operated by he plant is now the property of the Hook Brothers & Aston. In 1830, Isaac Dillon owned a portion of the Zane grant in Natchez, which consisted of a strip between the National road and Muskingum avenue, and extending from the Muskingum river to a point about eighty feet west of Pine street ; Dillon laid out and platted this tract as South but did not record it, and neither the nor Dillon parcels were ever incorporated as a village, and remained under township until annexed to Zanesville, the two story brick school building in Pear street, erected by the township, being the only property which came to the city upon annexation. When the subject of annexation was agitated in West Zanesville, Col. H. D. Munson became interested in the question as much from curiosity as desire for information, and attended a meeting of the annexationists in West Zanesville : he was impressed with the arguments presented in favor of the project and was convinced that if it was beneficial for his West Zanesville, friends it was equally so for Natchez, and agitated the matter in his home neighborhood, where it was so promptly and unanimously endorsed that Natchez was annexed before West Zanesville. Natchez asked to be annexed and made no conditions ; the other sections had propositions which were essential and one councilman plead for Natchez by repsenting the city as a groom whom three women desired to marry him, but two wanted an agreement about their privileges when the alliance was , accomplished, but the third wanted him for himself alone. By request of the city council, expressed in an ordinance passed February 28, 1870, the County Commissioners, on May 18, 1870, authorized city to annex Natchez, and August 15 the formal action of the council was taken and made the Seventh ward. The addition of Natchez to the city contributed to the success of the movement in West Zanesville, and aroused the wide-awake citizens in Putnam to the advantage of one central authority instead of three conflicting and often inharmonious municipalities, WEST ZANESVILLE. The first settlers on the site of West Zanesville came in 1797-8, from the Kanawha region of Virginia, the first cabin being that of Elias or Ellis Hughes, a frontier scout and noted Indian fighter, who was reputed to have killed one hundred Indians and who participated m the famous battle at Point Pleasant ; his rude home was erected near the mouth of the Licking and John Ratliff, another Indian fighter and scout, was soon after a close neighbor ; these pioneers remained but a few years and moved some twenty miles further into the wilderness, or what is now Muskingum township. Zanesville and West Zanesville were the points at which the Virginians settled, and it may not be irrelevant to call attention to the superiority of the rough, daring and often unlettered Virginian as a pioneer ; he despised the polished, calculating Yankee and was despised, in turn, for his coarseness and vulgarity, but he was the man who conquered the country ; it was he who sustained the hardships of the forest life and destroyed the Indian supremacy ; it was he who made it possible for the Yankee to come here, because the dangers had been eliminated and the privations had been reduced. The Virginians and Kentuckians were one blood and had practically subdued the country and held it for the United States before the settlement at Marietta, and in all the engagements with the Indians, Virginians and Kentuckians composed the rank and file of the commands. It is not surprising, therefore, that when people began to form settlements around them Hughes and Ratliff were crowded out. West Zanesville grew faster than Zanesville and in the summer of 1800 a school was opened by David Harris, whose house was on the river bank at the foot of Lee street ; about twenty-five pupils were enrolled, nearly all of whom resided on the west side of the river, those from Zanesville and Natchez wading the stream during low water and coming in canoes when it was too high to ford. The town was platted by McIntire in 1809 but was never recorded, and June 7, 1816, West Zanesville township was created, beginnmg at the Muskingum river at the mouth of the Licking and up the latter to where the military line was crossed, thence west and north until it embraced portions of what are now Falls and Muskingum townships. September 3 this action was rescinded and Muskingum township created and the territory of the former West Zanesville township divided between Falls and Muskingum townships. In 1816 George Jackson. Nathan Findlay, Jeremiah Dare, Daniel Conyers, Jeffrey Price, James Taylor, Thomas L. Pierce, Samuel Thomp- 82 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. son, Christian Spangler and Alex. Adair, as Jackson and Company, built a three-story frame grist mill north of the Licking, with two run of Buhr stones for wheat and one for corn ; the stones were six feet in diameter, purchased at Philadelphia and the freight bill was $900.00 ; water was conveyed through a small race ; a saw mill and flax seed mill were later added, the latter operated by Richard Fairlamb. In 1817 Thomas Adams, James Crosby and Thomas L. Pierce engaged in the manufacture of scythes, sickles, axes, etc. ; the product was as good as foreign make but the people did not believe it and the firm sent the goods to Pittsburg, where they were branded Pittsburg Manufacturing Company and re-shipped to Zanesville and found a ready market at home and western points, but the expenses were too heavy and the business was discontinued in 1848. In 184o the large mill of Jackson and Company was torn down and Richard Fairlamb bought the stones and used the material of the former mill in the construction of a new ; in 1841 he added a saw and linseed oil mill which he operated until the year 1843, when he sold to Michael Dulty, who transferred it to John S. Platt in 185o, and he sold it to Drone & Company. The Express during October, 1817, contained an advertisement which indicates that there was a woolen mill in operation, and perhaps had been for some time previous ; the announcement was that "George Brooke has taken the clothmg works at the mouth of Licking, West Zanesville, the property of Isaac Dillon, to full, dye and dress woolen goods." This mill was the two-story brick which stood between the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge and the Licking in Linden avenue and which was a familiar landmark until its demolition in 1902; the cellar was a basement at the time of erection and was used as a store room for the products of the mill. In 1821-2 a carding mill was added and the line of manufacture embraced broadcloth, satinet, cassimeres, blankets and flannel ; in 1827 a loom was installed for making carpets, and the first carpet was an all-wool ingrain, with the thistle and rose as the figure and sold to Mrs. Dr. Washington Moorehead, of Zanesville. A saw mill was also operated above the present railroad bridge, and in 1829 a grist mill was erected near the old dam, which was washed away durmg high water in 1830 ; the saw mill was rebuilt m 1839 and partially destroyed by fire in 1840; in 1843 it was rented to John Deavers, who operated it until 1845, when it was rented to Francis Cassidy and Robert Lee, and later sold to L. Cassidy, who operated it until 1847, when it became the property of Tames Miller, who conducted it until its destruction by high water in 1860, when a steam mill was erected at the foot of McIntire avenue and conducted for some twenty years. In 1852 a postoffice was established and shortly after the shops of the Central Ohio Railroad were located, and a permanent impulse was given to the industries of the village. The western addition, or Newtown, was platted in 1852, and in May, 1855, McIntire Terrace was laid out by McIntire administrators. This addition consisted of forty-one lots, of large dimensions, the exterior boundaries being McIntire, Maple, Adair and Blue avenues, and in 1863 Terrace No. 2 was platted. During the Civil war period the school facilities were very inferior, a small building in Amelia street, opposite Jackson, and a ramshackle affair about two blocks west, comprising the equipment. The village was in Falls township and the school directors were indifferent to the repeated requests for larger and better accommodations by the dissatisfied parents of the town. S. Jacobs Moore and David Lee were among the most active petitioners and finally these two gentlemen announced themselves as candidates for the office of school directors and made so vigorous canvass that they were elected. Measurements of the floor space of the existing buildings attested that there was not sufficient standing room in them for the children enumerated in the school district, and by quoti statutes which imposed personal responsibility upon directors who refused to provide adequate room for school purposes, the erection of a four room brick building, at Park and Amelia streets was authorized, and has since been known as the Moore building, in compliment to Mr. Moore, who devoted so much time to its erection and equipment. To obtain funds to furnish it in proper order the friends of the measure held a festival in the building, during the fall of 1858, at which refreshments were served, burlesque museums were exhibited and other devices employed to coax money from both the wary and unwary the willing and unwilling, and several hundred dollars were secured in this manner. The lack of police and fire protection, street lighting, water supplies and the other conveniences of urban life, caused the question to be agitated of annexation to Zanesville, and the moving spirits in this were David Lee and S. Jacobs Moore; the project was vigorously opposed by many who feared the expenses would be so increased that the cost of living would be materially affected, without correronding benefits ; to meet the desires for local government the village was incorporated in 1869, the first officers being Henry Peters, mayor, and Imri Richards, recorder, with a council favorable to annexation to Zanesville; with these positions gained the annexationists were able to prove that expenses would with be less a united than two independent municipali- PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 83 ties, and the question was decided by the electors in favor of annexation at the October election in 1870, and West Zanesville became the Eighth ward of the city. PUTNAM. A sale of land was announced to occur at Marietta, in June, 1801, and among the parcels was the tract opposite Zanesville, now known as Putnam, John McIntire and Dr. Increase Mathews both desired to secure it, but kept their inclinations to themselves, and each started alone to Marietta. During the trip they met, traveled and slept together in the woods, but neither referred to the object of his visit. Mathews, Gen. Rufus Putnam and Levi Whipple became partners in the proposed purchase, and when the sale was called McIntire and Mathews became aware of each other’s object. McIntire bid $4.00 per acre and Mathews offered $4.25 and secured it, much to McIntire’s displeasure, as the tract crossed to the Zanesville side up to South street, the southern boundary of McIntire's land, and extended west to Pine street, in Natchez. July 27, 1801, the Spring Hill Company was formed by Putnam, Whipple and Mathews, named in honor of the spring in Putnam hill ; a town site of 147 building lots of a quarter acre each, with some fractional lots and 45 outlots, of from two to four acres, were platted, and the town called Springfield, which name it retained until January 20, 1814, when the General Assembly passed an act changing the name to Putnam, "in consequence of there being two towns of the same name within the state, by which letters and packages are occasioned frequently to be miscarried." When the change of name was under consideration, the people of Putnam met at the General's house, and he had been so zealous in promoting the welfare of the community and had endeared himself so closely to his neighbors that they decided to give expression to their appreciation of his conduct, by naming the village in his honor. In the original plat the proprietors assigned to the town of Springfield, for the purpose of erecting such public buildings thereon as might be needed for the use of the town, or any religious society established in it, or for the county or state, the eleven and one-half acres now known as Putnam Hill park, and the tract, or so much of it as should not be occupied by public buildings of the description named, should remain a perpetual commonage. The site was heavily timbered and the proprietors opened a road around the hill, next the river, passing the spring, previous to which time there had been only a bridle path, so narrow that two horsemen could not pass ; the new road was made enough for wagons to pass except in a few places. With the opening of the road the spring became a popular resort and was called the “lovers’ fountain." May 14, 1805, the partnership was amicably dissolved, and the property divided into three portions ; Putnam offered the most for the first selection and chose that portion nearest the river ; Whipple secured second choice and took the land west of Putnam Hill, known as Millwood ; and the stone quarry, Woodlawn cemetery site and the Fair Grounds fell to Mathews ; the monies were divided equally. The first squatters upon the site of Putnam were John and George Mathews and David Stokely, who came in 1800. The Mathews' were brothers and millrights by trade, but not related to John and Increase Mathews, of Zanesville. The town had scarcely been platted when a burial ground became necessary ; Dr. Mathews, one of the proprietors, was living at Zanesville and was preparing to move to Putnam when his wife died, in May, 1802, and her remains were the first interred at Putnam, and were placed on the hill near the Cooper Mill road, adjoining Wood- lawn cemetery. Her body was the first to be enclosed in a coffin, which was made by Richard McBride. In 1806 Dr. Mathews deeded two and one-half acres for a public burial lot, but the soil was wet and its use was abandoned and many bodies were removed to the outlot in Moxahala avenue, donated by Levi Whipple. PIONEER 1NDUSTRIES. Blacksmith : Peter Miser settled in 1803, and in 18o; had competitors in the persons of Philip Munch and John Balthis. Dam : December c), 1801, the Springfield Company contracted to pay John Sharp $200.00 for the construction of a wing dam at the second falls. which would leave the Zanesville shore open for boats, and agreed to furnish three gills of whiskey daily until the work was completed, the dam being designed to supply water to a grist and saw mill. Foundry : In 1835 Lawson Henry and Jacob Anderson built a foundry at the southeast corner of Moxahala avenue and Harrison street, and made all kinds of hollow ware, and ten years later manufactured butt hinges and plow points. Glass : Carter, Burns and Kearns established a glass works at southeast corner of Muskingum avenue and Harrison street, in 1845, for the production of fruit jars and bottles, and the works were continued until 1877. Hotel : John Levens and Robert I. Gilman erected a hotel, in 1807-8, at the southwest corner of Muskingum and Putnam avenues ; the first story was of stone and the two upper ones of brick, and the building was the first Wick hotel in eastern Ohio and was recognized as the best west of the Alleghany mountains. It was occasionally referred to as Leven's Tavern, although he never occupied it, but its popular name was Burnham's and was opened by Captain William Burnham in 84 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. 1808 ; in 181 i he moved to Zanesville and the business never was profitable ; further mention of this hostelry is made in the sketch of the "State House." Merchants : Dr. Increase Mathews moved from Zanesville and opened the first store at Putnam, in Muskingum avenue, in 1803, as more specifically stated in the personal sketch of that pioneer. In April, 1806, Ebenezer Buckingham opened a small store and soon became the leading merchant, and John Levens and Company, in September, and Benjamin Tupper, in October, gave the town four mercantile houses at the close of the year. Mills : The Putnam and Whipple woolen mill was erected in 1815 and occupied the site of the present woolen mill, at the south end of the Third street bridge ; in 1817 it was leased to George E. Clapp and later passed to Joseph R. Thomas, who closed it, until it was purchased and reopened by Beaumont and Hollingsworth as a grist mill. The Putnam Manufacturing Company was organized November 23. 1815, to manufacture cotton goods : it had a capital of $5,000.00 and authority to increase to $100,000.00, and the par value of shares was $500.00. The stockholders were Ebenezer Buckingham, three shares ; Levi Whipple and Edwin Putnam, two shares, each ; Stephen C. Smith, Moses Smith, N. C. Findlay, H. Nye, Amos Nye and Jeremiah Dare, one share each; in addition two shares were issued to Putnam and Whipple for water privileges. The building was erected between the Putnam and Whipple mill and the bridge and was only a few feet from the latter structure ; it was purchased a few years later by Joseph R. Thomas and converted into a woolen mill, and it and the adjoining building were destroyed by fire when the bridge was burned. Beaumont and Hollingsworth rebuilt the grist mill in 1845, and in 1870 it was purchased by the Zanesville Woolen Manufacturing Company and changed to a woolen mill ; the frame structure now standing immediately east of the bridge is the original Beaumont and Hollingsworth mill and the other buildings have been added by the Woolen Mill Company. The first officers of the Woolen Mill Company were James Buckingham, president ; Robert Fulton, secretary and treasurer ; Joseph R. Thomas and C. W. Potwin, and the first product was jeans and yarns, but the present product is exclusively ladies' dress goods. Oil mill : In 1828, John Goshen erected a flaxseed mill on the lot immediately north of the Methodist Episcopal church, in Moxahala avenue, and in 1838 it was sold to Russell and Cutler, who converted it into a flouring mill. Pottery : The first potter was Solomon Purdy, in 182o, who began business west of Putnam avenue, between Jefferson and Madison streets, and produced bowls, plates and dishes of red and yellow ware. Tannery : The first tannery. was operated by I. Newell, in 1805, and later tanners were Horace Nye, Peleg Mason, Jacob Reese, William Reese and A. M. Ewing. The Nye tannery was on the hillside near the present railroad engine house, at Adams street, and its twelve or fifteen vats were supplied with water from a spring in the hill. PUTNAM FEMALE SEMINARY. When Miss Sarah Sturges Buckingham returned from school, at Hartford, she recognized the need of better educational advantages for the young ladies of her native town, and by her exertions a girls' school was opened in the “Stone Academy" in 1835, and a Miss Mather, governess in the Buckingham family, was placed in charge. The interest in the school was so manifest that February 29, 1836, by act of the General Assembly, William H. Beecher, Levi Whipple, Alva Buckingham, Julius C. Guthrie, Solokon Sturges and Albert A. Guthrie, and their successors, were declared to be a body corporate, as the trustees of "The Putnam Classical Institute.” In October, 1835, Miss L. A. Emerson, of Newburyport, Massachusetts, was engaged as principal with Misses Mather and Buckingham, the promoter, as assistants ; Miss Daniels as instructor in music, and Mr. Hobbie for such French as was required, and the school was opened in the stone academy with fifteen pupils. In the following year it was removed to the basement of the Presbyterian church, which had just been completed, and the future seemed to warrant the erection of a suitable building. Mrs. Eunice Buckingham contributed $10,000.00 and Solomon Sturges and Alva Buckingham each contributed $5,000.00 and the ground, which was purchased from Levi Whipple for $400.00. In addition, Mrs. Buckingham, who died in 1843, provided in her will that the interest on $10,000.00 should be devoted, semi-annually, in such manner as was deemed fit, to the education of such females as her daughters, or their successors, should designate, or if they failed the executors should make such payment to the treasurer, or, if the executors saw fit, to pay the principal sum. A portion of this bequest was annually used to sustain and increase the "Buckingham library," which was presented to the Board of Education, as related under that caption. The work of construction was begun at once and the building was completed in the fall of 1838; the grounds are in Woodlawn avenue, immediately north of the Presbyterian church, opposite Jefferson street; the three story brick, 110 feet PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY- 85 front and 45 feet deep, stands well back from the street, and the spacious lawn was not only ornamental but afforded ample recreation ground ; the rear addition was erected by the trustees, in 1855, and in 1868, C. W. Potwin and James Buckingham erected the mansard roof at a cost of $8,000.00. The institution was conducted as a select school , of a high order, but declined and was permanently closed in 1902, and the building occupied by the Brunton Sanitarium for a couple of years, when it was purchased by the trustees of the Helen Purcell home SCHOOLS. Education has ever been highly esteemed at Putnam and special mention has been made of the stone academy and the Putnam Seminary ; the records of the public schools have not been found, but they were maintained and are now a part of the Zanesville system. An illustration of the manner in which the schools were conducted is given in an agreement entered into December 1, 1841, between school directors and a teacher, "to teach a good school in the first district, in the at the lower school house, where reading, writing, spelling, grammar and arithmetic will be taught in an interesting manner ; copies are to be set, both coarse and fine, in a workmanlike manner, and pens made previous to the school in the morning and in the evening. The teacher is to be at the school at half past eight and a quarter before one p. m., the house, windows, benches, etc., to be kept clean and all things ready to begin precisely at nine o'clock and one p. m. ; school to continue from nine to twelve, and one to four p. m. five days per week and twelve weeks per quarter. For the faithful performance of the above duties the school directors agree to furnish a house and pay for each scholar who may attend thirty days or more, one dollar and ten cents of the public money, and the said teacher is to collect one dollar from each scholar at his own risk. As witness our hands. “P. S. All scholars that attend under thirty days and over six, fifty cents." Teaching was an occupation in which one could do no more than exist upon such terms ; for making pens, keeping the school house clean and teaching “in an interesting manner," the teacher would receive the munificent compensation of $44.00, during twelve weeks labor, provided there were forty pupils-less than $4.00 per week ; he had the right to collect $40.00 additional, if he could, and thereby have about $1.50 per day for his labor. MOXAHALA AVENUE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. During 1806, Rev. John Weeks organized a society of Methodists in Putnam, composed of John Goshen, Samuel Chapman and William H. Moore and families, Jesse Smith, J. Mervin, Merriam Putnam, and Winthrop and Benjamin Robinson. The records of the congregation were destroyed, in 1872, by the burning of the house in which they were kept. November 23, 1815, Levi Whipple donated a quarter acre lot on the east side of Moxahala avenue to William H. Moore, John Goshen, James Vickers, John Lafferty, John Russell, Barnabas Monroe and Benjamin Ricketts, as trustees, upon which a one-story frame, forty feet square, was erected within a year. In 1830 it was removed and a one-story brick church built, and during its construction the congregation assembled in the old oil mill adjoining on the north. In 1867 this structure was removed and the present two-story, brick church, forty-five by seventy-three feet, was erected. The first Sunday school was organized in 1830 and has never been suspended. PUTNAM PRESBYTERIAN. The Putnam members of the Presbyterian church at Zanesville and Springfield found it very inconvenient to attend the services, and as their own town had grown and the number of adherents had increased, seventeen persons assembled, March 6, 1833, in the brick school house, in Woodlawn avenue, near Jefferson street, to consider the expediency of forming an independent congregation. Dr. Increase Mathews was chosen chairman and A. A. Guthrie, secretary, and J. C. Guthrie, Levi Whipple and A. A. Guthrie were appointed a committee to ascertain whether sufficient funds could be obtained to erect a church building, to be controlled by the Presbyterians but open to all orthodox communions ; the committee was instructed to adopt a plan for such an edifice, secure estimates of the cost of construction and report as soon as possible. March 16, the committee presented a plan for a structure, fifty by seventy feet, with a stone basement, and a one-story, brick auditorium, of a height not less than eighteen nor more than twenty feet, and a vestibule ten feet wide. The report and recommendations were approved and Alvah Buckingham, J. C. Guthrie and Levi Whipple were appointed a building committee to erect the building when sufficient subscriptions were guaranteed to meet the expense. Mr. Whipple donated the site now occupied in Woodlawn avenue, opposite Jefferson street, and money and labor was promised in the aggregate of $5,190.00, and the structure was begun. 86 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. January 1, 1835, at a meeting held in the Methodist church, thirty-six members of the Zanesville- Springfield church were released and constituted into the Presbyterian church of Putnam, and in February, 1835, the building was dedicated ; March 7, 1835, the congregation was made a body corporate, by act of the General Assembly. In 1849 the parsonage was built at a cost of $3,700.00, and in 186o the Sunday school building was erected at a cost of $2,000.00, and dedicated December 6, 186o. A Sunday school was established in 1816, by Henry Safford, in the ball room, in Burnham's hotel, and later moved to the stone academy, and upon the completion of the Presbyterian church, in Zanesville, it was moved there, in 1820. In 1828 a portion of the school withdrew and united with the Methodists, as a Union Sunday school, but the Methodists later withdrew and when the church building, in Putnam, was completed, the school was conducted in the basement of that edifice. The second pastor was Addison Kingsbury, D. D., who was installed January 1, 1840, and at a congregational meeting, held March 15, 1878, he resigned his charge. Woodlawn Lodge, No. 228, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was instituted March 16, 1854, by Special Deputy Alexander Glenn, assisted by Past Grands Thomas Durban, Robert Howard and Henry Granger, with the following charter members : J. B. Erwin, Alexander Stewart, Nicholas Rem- linger, Frederick Dieterich, G. F. Wiles, George Wolford, N. K. Smith, Norman Dodge, John C. Wilber, Leroy S. Perry, G. F. Mervin and Richard B. Osmond. The first officers were Frederick Dieterich, N. G.; T. B. Erwin. V. G. ; G. F. Wiles, secretary, and G. F. Mervin, treasurer. The lodge was instituted in the second story of William Munce's store, on the east side of Putnam avenue, near the site of the present three story brick hall, which was erected in 1854 by S. C. Haver, and the third floor designed and especially fitted for the lodge, and since the completion of the building the meetings have been held therein. Tradition asserts that in 1803 the postmaster general was induced to extend the postal facilities of the village by establishing a postoffice, with Dr. Increase Mathews as postmaster, the residents having been previously compelled to receive their mail at Zanesville. The records of the postoffice department contain no entry of the office and contemporary facts do not warrant the acceptance of the statement as correct. Dr. M athews was the first merchant and did not open his store until 1803; there were few inhabitants as the town was only one year old, and the records of the postoffice department allege that the first postoffice at Putnam was established January 30, 1817, with Henry Safford, as postmaster, and that he retained the position twelve years. The village was incorporated in 1835 and its first officers were William H. Moore, mayor William C. Ely, recorder ; John Goshen, Samuel Ashmore, John Balthis, Edwin Putnam and Joseph R. Thomas, trustees. When annexation of the west side villages to Zanesville was agitated the question came up in Putnam, and elections were held in October, 1868, April and October, 1870, at which the Zanesville electors expressed their desire for a "Greater Zanesville," but the Putnamites rejected the overtures ; at length the matter was concurred in and, April 22, 1872, commissioners from the two municipalities agreed upon conditions and Putnam became the Ninth ward of the city, and so continued until the reorganization of Ohio cities, under the new municipal code of 1902, when it became a part of the new Third ward. ZANESVILLE. Ebenezer and Elizabeth Zane, of Wheeling, Virginia, on December 19, 1800, for and in consideration of $100.00 granted, bargained and sold to Jonathan Zane and John McIntire, 640 acres of land "on the Muskingum river, in the County of Washington and Northwest Territory," and stripped of all verbiage respecting metes, bounds and courses was for the following tract of land: Beginning at a point intersected by a line drawn 49 1/2 feet east of the west line of Seventh street and another line drawn 33 feet south of the north line of South street ; thence west 5,940 feet to a point in Natchez, west of Pine street ; thence north to a point in an east and west line running twenty-five feet south of the north line of Adair avenue, extended west : thence east to a point in the bottom lands south of the Monroe street bridge until it is intersected by the line drawn 49 1/2 feet east of the west line of Seventh street, and thence by that line to the place of beginning. The town was laid out at the southeast corner of the tract, and is more minutely described under "Town Plat." Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio says : "In 1799 Zane and McIntire laid out the town, which they called Westbourn, a name which it continued to bear until a postoffice was established by the postmaster general, under the name of Zanesville. and the village soon took the same name." This allegation has been accepted without question, and has been repeated so often, by subsequent writers, that it is necessary to submit proofs of its positive inaccuracy. When the contract between the postmaster general and Conyers was made, ill 1798, for the latter to carry the mail from Marietta to the Muskingum ferry, as related under "U. S. Mail," the object was to afford the .Marietta settlement mail PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 87 facilities by meeting, at the Muskingum ferry, the mails between Virginia and Kentucky, and not to supply the settlement at Zanesville, because none was here, and to designate the northern terminus the postmaster general called it Zanetown. January 1, 1891, William McCulloch, the ferryman, was appointed postmaster, not because an office was necessary, but for the reason that mails had to be assorted and the statutes required it to be done by the postmaster of a distributing postoffice, and the commission was issued to the postmaster at Zanesville, Springfield, or Putnam, was platted first, and the plat was recorded July 27, 1801 ; upon it are delineated not only the streets and lots of the village but the course of the river, with its several rapids, of or "falls," and on the opposite side Zanesville is marked. The plat of Zanesville was not filed for record until April 28, 1802, and is recorded in volume seven, page one hundred forty-five, of the records of Washington county, and the town is therein designated as Zanesville; a map by Gen. Rufus Putnam, surveyor general, of 1804, designates the town as Zane-ville, and the General Assembly, in 1804, named the town of Zanesville as the temporary county seat. The name of Westbourn does not appear in any public record nor in any private correspondence of the period, and Mr. Howe is therefore incorrect in asserting thatt the place was known as Westbourn; the place was not platted in 1799, nor did the postmaster general’s designation supersede that gaven by the proprietors. The date of the change from Zanetown to Zanesville has not been discovered, but it probably occurred when McCulloch was appointed postmaster, January 1, 1801. The act to incorporate the town of Zanesville was passed January 21. 1814, and specified "that all that part of the town of Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum, included in the original plat thereof, now on record in the county of Washington, together with all additional lots since added thereto on the east side of the river Muskingum, and now on record in the county of Muskingum, be and the same is hereby erected into a town corporate and shall henceforth be known and distinguished by the name of the Borough of Zanesville, subject however, to such alterations and regulations as the legislature may, from time to time, think proper to make." Other sections of the act provided for the election of officers and the manner of conducting elections, the powers of the corporation and the duties and authority of its officers, and stipulated that no laws should be made “subjecting cattle or hogs, not belonging to the inhabitants of said borough, to be taken up and sold for coming within the bounds of said corporation.” It is evident that the legislators of the period did not appreciate the nuisance that existed in a town permitting stock to run at large. The first election for officers for the town of Zanesville was held April 2, 1814, and resulted in, the choice of William Craig, mayor ; William Blocksom, recorder ; Samuel Frazey, treasurer ; Ezekial Bassett, appraiser ; Peter Mills, George Reeve, Nathan C. Findlay and Tames Hampson, councilmen. Findlay refused to serve and John Hamm was chosen to fill the vacancy. The mayor-elect was an Irishman, and carpenter by trade, who came to the town in 1805, and with Thomas Moorehead erected the first Methodist church, in Second street ; he was a devout Methodist and had the confidence of his neighbors, but had an insatiable ambition to hold public office ; his elevation to the mayoralty caused him to aspire to gubernatorial honors and he became a candidate ; fifty-one votes were cast in his favor in Muskingum county, and none elsewhere, but he was ever after called "Governor," and was pleased with the sobriquet. In 1817 he was appointed collector of county taxes and absconded with the money, located near St. Louis, where his wife joined him and where his investments in real estate made him very wealthy. His bondsmen were James' McGuire, who was bankrupted ; James Linder, who was nearly ruined ; and James Herron and James Hampson, who were able to sustain the loss without injury. July 2, 1819, the County Commissioners created Zanesville township, beginning on the Muskingum river on the line dividing the twelfth and thirteenth ranges ; thence north to the military line ; thence east to the line dividing the sixth and seventh ranges ; thence north with said line to the line dividing the second townships of ranges six and seven ; thence west to the Muskingum river and clown it with the meanderings to the place of beginnmg. This tract embraces nearly all of what is now Wayne and Washington townships and the present city east of the river ; Washington township was cut off June 5. 1822, and Wayne, March 6, 1826. Several amendments to the original act were made and March 19, 1850, an act was passed creating the city of Zanesville, which was to comprise so much of the counts- of Muskingum as was embraced within the limits of and designated in the records of the county as Zanesville township. The act divided the city into four wards, the east and west line of division being the center of the National road from the eastern boundary of the township to the intersection with the center of Fountain alley, and from that point with the center of the alley to the river ; the north and south division line was the center of Cypress alley, from both sides of the city. The First ward was the southwest corner of the city as so divided : the Second ward, the northwest corner ; the Third ward, the southeast corner and the Fourth ward, the northeast corner. The mayor was to be 88 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. chosen annually, and each ward had three councilmen who were ex-officio judges of all elections in their respective wards. This division existed until March 23, 1868, when six wards were created ; the First was that portion west of Sixth street and south of Fountain alley ; the Second, that portion north of Fountain alley and west of the center of Sixth street to Howard, north of Howard and west of Seventh street ; the Third, all lying east of Sixth street and south of South street extended to the eastern limits of the city ; the Fourth, all east of Sixth street embraced in lines projected from the centers of Market and South streets to the eastern limits of the city ; the Fifth, all north of Market street extending to the eastern limits of the city, east of Sixth to Howard, and east and north of a line drawn through the center of Howard, Seventh, Kelly, Underwood and Spring to the city limits ; the Sixth, all north of the Fifth and east of the Second wards. February 28, 1870, the council passed an ordinance requesting the County Commissioners to authorize the annexation of Natchez, which was described by metes and bounds, and May 18, 1870, the Commissioners agreed thereto and filed a transcript of their action with the council, June 1, 1870, and August 15 the territory was annexed and made the Seventh ward. An ordinance was passed August 31, 1868, to submit to the voters, at the election, October 13, 1868, the question whether Putnam and West Zanesville should be annexed and the proposition carried in the city, but failed of approval in the villages ; January 1, 187o, a similar ordinance for the election, April 4. 187o, was passed which carried in the city, but failed in the villages ; September 8, another ordinance was passed for an election on the same question at the October election, and the West Zanesville proposition was carried in both municipalities, but the Putnam people again refused to annex. October 22, 1870, W. M. Shinnick, John M. James and Elias Ebert, on behalf of Zanesville, and Austin Berry, S. Jacobs Moore and W. W. Wimmer, on behalf of West Zanesville, agreed upon conditions which embraced the extension of the public water service, the erection of fire plugs and a hose house equipped for fire protection, and that gas be furnished for street lighting. The council ratified the agreement. which became effective November 10, 1870, and January 27, 1871, West Zanesville was erected into the Eighth ward. February 26, 1872, an ordinance was passed to again submit the question of the annexation of Putnam, and it carried in both municipalities at the April election ; April 22, Peter Black, Austin Berry and Thomas Griffith, representing Zanesville, and A. A. Guthrie, Henry Jones and James C. Gillespie, on behalf of Putnam, agreed upon terms among which it was stipulated that city water should be furnished, a hose house erected and a carriage supplied, and, gas be introduced as speedily as possible, and on that date an ordinance was passed annexing Putnam, and May 17, 1872, it was created the Nmth ward. The Eighth ward was divided September 20, 1886, and the Tenth ward created of the territory lying north of a line commencing at the intersection of the center of Park street with the Muskingum river, and running through the center of Park street, Moorehead, Blue and Washington avenues to the west corporation line. As the voting population increased, voting precincts were created but no change in ward lines was made until March 2, 1896, when a republican majority, led by office seekers, created each of the precincts of the Seventh and Ninth wards into wards, as the Eleventh and Twelfth, and created the Thirteenth ward from portions of the Eighth and Tenth wards by placing the territory north of Keen street, from the Muskingum to the Licking and south of LaSalle place, Linden avenue, Ball street, Maple, Converse, Granger and Adair avenues to the Licking, in the last named ward. The legality of the proceedings was carried into the courts and was declared illegal, and the tricksters were ousted from their positions, and it may not be irrelevant to state that the writer is a Republican. When the new Municipal Code became operative, the number of wards was fixed by statute at four, and the former First, Third and Fourth wards were made the new First ; the former Second, Fifth and Sixth were consolidated as the new Second ; the former Seventh and Ninth were, joined to make the new Third, and the former Eighth and Tenth resumed their first unit formation as the new Fourth ward. MARKET HOUSE. June 5, 1814, the town council considered the expediency of erecting a market house, and made application to the County Commissioners for permission to occupy the public square, where the court house and jail were erected ; the request was refused and it was built in Market street, east of Court alley, on the site of the present structure, with a frontage of thirty-five feet on Market and a depth of forty-three feet ; the building was frame, supported on sqrare wooden posts, the upper portion weather-boarded, and contained three stalls on each side ; it was very frail and the contract price for construction was only $150.00. With nearly fifty years service it was unable to sustain the weight of a very heavy fall of snow in January, 1863, and during the market hours, PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 89 January 24, the building collapsed ; four persons were killed, twelve seriously wounded and twenty-one slightly hurt. The council met the same evening and considered a proposition to repair the portion of the building still standing, and clear the ground of the debris; January 26 three contractors were present and represented that the building could be repaired, and by a vote or five to three it was decided to do so, but an additional resolution demanded that a certificate should be presented, signed by ten or twelve respectable builders, when the repairs were completed. Affirming that the repaired structure, was perfectly safe, beyond all doubt or question, and that such certificate should be printed and posted in all public places. was offered in good faith or to kill the repairs is unknown, but the result was the same - no one would accept the conditions and January 29 the action was rescinded. March 16, the committee on Public Buildings, was authorized and instructed, by a vote of seven to one, to secure plans, specifications and estimates of th cost for a new market house, one story in height, on the former site, at a cost not exceeding $12,00.00 and proceeded, without delay, to contract forits erection, and June 8 the committee reported the award to Charles McDill for $11,600.00, the structure to be completed February 1, 1864. July 20, it was announced that considerable dissatisfaction existed among the people respecting the site selected, and an election was ordered to be held the first Monday in August to determine the question, the tickets to read "Old Site," and “New Site;” it does not appear that the election was held, and old citizens do not remember one ; the site was not changed, but September 14 a lengthy petition was presented asking that the building be two stories, and September 21 a two- story building was ordered. These interruptions delayed the work and July 4, 1864, instructions were given that the lower floor should be fitted with stalls for butchers and heavy produce and the upper for light produce, and although no revocation of these orders is recorded they were not executed, and the building was made into a city office and market house. August 15 the stone and brick work were reported completed and September 15, 1864, the building appears to have been competed. CITY PRISONS. The city building, which formerly stood at Fourth street and Fountain alley, is described of the Fire Department ; the date of its erection has not been ascertained but probably occurred during the twenties ; when the court house of 1874 was erected the county paid the city to vacate and as officers of the city were accommodated in the market building a city prison had to be provided. A lot was purchased at the southwest corner of Fountain and Potter alleys, and August 24, 1874, bids for the construction of a two story, brick building, were opened and the contract was awarded to T. B. Townsend for $4,199.00. During 1884, the proposition to erect a joint county and city workhouse was agreed to and the comely and commodious two story brick building, at the southwest corner of Fourth and South streets was erected, in which the Mayorls office, Police Court room, dwelling for the superintendent of the workhouse and offices for its officers are located, with the city jail and joint workhouse in the rear. CEMETERIES. In June, 1800, a canoe, carrying five men, a woman, a young girl and a two-year-old child, while ascending the Licking, capsized opposite the site of the Infirmary and one man, the woman, girl and child were drowned. The body of the latter was found and buried near Duncan's Falls, but the other three were found near the site of the present B. & 0. railroad bridge, across the Licking, and were buried on the banks of the stream, at hign water mark, enclosed in bark, peeled from trees, and lined with leaves and grass. Thus the first burial at Zanesville, was a triple interment and the early visit of the Grim Reaper to the young settlement appears to have directed attention to the necessity of providing a burying ground, and McIntire, ever awake to the emergencies of the place, and disposed to supply all demands, set apart a tract of ground in what is now North Sixth street, and at present occupied by the plant of the Zanesville Gas Light Company. A number of bodies were interred there, the last being that of James Filler, in 1806, when the Hill burying ground, at the head of Main street, was set apart, McIntire forbid any more interments in the Sixth street lot, and a number of bodies were removed to the new ground, but many were not disturbed and when the gas plant was erected several skeletons were exhumed, but the bones were carefully collected, placed in a box and decently re-interred in the yard. Not many years ago, the skeleton of a woman was found in the yard, only two feet below the surface ; the hair was bright red, plaited and well preserved, and the remains were respectfully re-buried where found. THE HILL BURYING GROUND, at the head of Main street, opposite St. Nicholas church, was opened 1806, the first interment be- 90 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. ing the body of Elijah Hart, on Sunday, March 18, 1807 ; no system was observed in digging graves, no record was kept, and each person selected the spot most desired ; wooden markers were used, which soon rotted and were displaced, so that the identity of the bodies was lost. Often the grave digger uncovered remains while excavating for a grave, and when this occurred, they were concealed with a few shovelfuls of earth. The city took charge of the grounds in 1816 and appointed a sexton, but when the grounds were abandoned, the location of hundreds of bodies was unknown, and when Main street was graded through the hill a number of unidentified skeletons were exhumed, raked together, shoveled into a cart, hauled to Greenwood and cast into one common excavation, and as there was no record, perhaps among them were the relics of some once prominent citizens, Lost each human trace, surrendering up Thine individual being, shalt thou go To mix forever with the elements, To be a brother to the insensible rock, And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain Turns with his share, and treads upon.. THE ZANESVILLE CITY CEMETERY. The Zanesville City Cemetery was laid out in 1835, the original tract being slightly less than seven and one half acres, which was purchased March 5, 1835, for $476.00 ; the first burial was the body of Sarah Ann, wife of Jacob Stout, Sunday, October 24, 1835 ; the second, Lott Barr, a carpenter, and the third, James Durban, grandfather of F. A. Durban. Bodies were removed in large numbers from other grounds and reinterred; during 1852 three tracts of over thirteen acres were added and from time to time additions have been made until the area at present is about one hundred acres. At a meeting of the cemetery trustees, June 22, 1887, attended by Messrs. Lindsay, Hahn and Stolzenbach, on motion of the latter it was unanimously resolved, "That the name of the cemetery known as the City Cemetery, he changed, and that said cemetery shall be named and hereafter called Greenwood." For beauty of landscape, natural and ornamental, neatness in appearance, thoroughness in management and universal adornment by lot owners, it is not surpassed by any similar private or public burial place in the state ; its avenues are never free from visitors, strangers mix with residents in viewing the wealth of color which devoted friends daily place upon the resting place of their departed relatives, evincing their regard for the dead and appreciation of the efforts of the officials to invite the living to remember those who have gone before. WOODLAWN. In 1850, a charter was secured for the proprietors of Woodlawn Cemetery, and fifty-five a one-half acres were purchased for $4,358.00 from Dr. Increase Mathews ; August 5, eighteen gentlemen, each of whom had paid $50.00 for a 1ot met at the office of C. C. Convers, at Zanesville, and organized the company ; the directors were, Richard Stillwell, Charles B. Goddard, C. C. Convers, Hugh J. Jewett, Henry Blandy, E. Buckingham, and A. A. Guthrie, and the board organized by electing A. A. Guthrie, president ; C. C. Russell, secretary, and Daniel Applegate, treasurer. The grounds were improved, during 1852, with walks and avenues, and in 1853 the cemetery was publicly dedicated ; the property was not self sustaining and early in 1896 a proposition was made to the city council to accept the ground as city property, and April 13, the proposition was accepted, and April 20, 1896, an ordinance accepting the deed from the corporation for the premises was passed by a vote of fifteen to one. QUAKER BURYING GROUND In 1810 John Dillon donated an acre of ground near the mouth of Timber Run, which was designated as the Quaker Burying Ground ; the first interments were three men, laborers at Dillon’s Furnace, at Dillon's Falls, who died in 1815, of what was called the cold plague, and soon after a William Tudor and family were buried there. The Israelite burial ground was laid out during 1871, on the north side of the National road, about two miles west of the city. The first Catholic cemetery was in the rear of the lot now occupied by the St. Thomas church in Fifth street, and the first person buried was John S. Dugan, who was accidentally killed near Cumberland, Maryland, March 11, 1825 ; when the new church was erected in 1842 the bodies were exhumed and re-interred in the new Catholic cemetery, in Greenwood avenue, near the "ciity” cemetery, containing a fraction less than two acres, purchased August 14, 1835, for $160,00 and dedicated by Bishop Purcell. The Mt. Calvary cemetery originated at a meeting held at the law office of Hollingsworth and McDermott, December 16, 1881, which ws attended by Revs. Francis J. Dunn and C. V. Metzgar, and Messrs. Edward P. Bloomer, John S. Hollingsworth, L. H. Dennis, John C. Sullivan, Thomas S. Murphy, Henry J. Dennis, Mathew A. Kernan, Dennis Hayes, Philip Mourin and Thomas McCormick. Articles of association were drafted and signed by all of the foregoing named, and a certificate of incorporation was issued by the State of Ohio, December 24, when the PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 91 follwing officers were chosen : Rev. F. J. Dunn, president; E. P. Bloomer, treasurer ; John C. Sullivan, secretary; H. J. Dennis, Thomas S. Murphy, Dennis Hayes, M. A. Kernan, J. S. Hollingsworth and Philip Mourin, trustees. 60.76 acres of land on the National road, adjoining the city on the west were purchased from C. W. Potwin, for $7,500.00, and the surface has been graded to form a pleasing landscape ; avenues, drives and paths have been platted and constructed; a receiving vault and frame sexton's residence erected, and the grounds are maintained at the high standard of symmetry and beauty which are so characteristic of the Zanesville cemeteries. FIRE DEPARTMENT. For nearly twenty years after the settlement at Zanesville the protection against fire consisted solely of the bucket brigade, and during 1819 a movement was inaugurated to secure an organization and mechanical appliances for such emergencies; the Zanesville Express, of December 22, 1819, contained a notice that "The subscribers to the Fire Engine Company are requested to meet in the court house on Thursday, December 23, at two o’clock p. m., for the purpose of organizing, electing officers and transacting such other business as may be necessary." Forty members of the first fire company, were enrolled as The Union Fire Company, among whom were Michael and John Dulty, Adam and John Peters, Nathaniel and Charles Wilson. Richard and George Reeve, William Twaddle, Joseph Church, Nathaniel Sprague, S. Deffenbaugh and James Culbertson, and it was alleged they "were all property holders and business men and that they put out the fires - with as little water as possible." The equipment consisted of a hand engine and suction carriage, some ladders and two buckets for each member; the latter bore the name of the company and were kept at the member’s homes, and were carried to a fire when an alarm was sounded ; the remainder of the equipment was sheltered in a building, at the southeast corner of Fourth street and Fountain alley, consisting of two fronts; in the fire companies ; a central hall led which extended across the rear of the two fronts; in the second story was the council chamber on one side and the Mayor's office , or police court, on the other. The engine and suction were hauled to a fire by ropes carried by men, and when the suction could not be used lines of men, woman and children were formed who passed buckets of water to and from the supply and the engine. February 14, 1840, the General Assembly passed an act incorporating the Union Fire Company of Zanesville, with succession for thirty years, the years, the incorporators being James Raguet, Daniel Brush, Anthony Wilkins, D. J. Culbertson, William Schultz, Isaac Campbell and their associates and successors, and the membership was very large and contained the names of the most prominent and influential citizens. The council chamber was their club room, in which they had an extensive library and the current periodicals, and where games were played and a strong social feeling was cultivated ; a feature of the amusements was a mock court before which a member was liable to be presented for imaginary or ridiculous offences. The last meeting of this popular organization was held June 12, 1874. November 19, 1836, the Merchants' Fire company was organized with one hundred members, among whom were Col. John T. Fracker, Bernard Van Horne, Elias Ebert, Isaac Campbell, Daniel Brush, James Raguet, Anthony Wilkins, Samuel Clark, Daniel Applegate, Horatio J. Cox, George Rishtine, Josiah S. Copeland, William Blocksom, E. T. Cox, John D. Dare. Each wore a red badge with M. F. C. in gold letters upon it, and they occupied the public building, but they did not contmue many years and appear to have been more an auxiliary to the Union than an independent company. January 10, 1839, a meeting was held in the Senate Chamber and the Relief Fire Company was organized with such men as Robert Hazlett. G. L. Shinnick, N. G. Abbott, James Sheward, Robert Lashley, John Printz, Horace Granger, Zeph. Clements. John Galigher, Thomas F. Nevitt, John Launder and many others whose names were prominent in their generation. The equipment consisted of a larger engine than the "Union," which was styled "Little Old Hydraulic" and a suction, and occupied the south half of the public building. These two companies comprised the fire department for many years, the building and equipment being owned by the city, the members being volunteers and serving from patriotic motives; it was a frequent practice for the companies to have competitive drills to determine which could prepare for service in the shortest time and throw the stream the greatest distance, and as the power was human muscle, with one row of men on the deck of the engine and another on the ground, their movements were controlled by the foreman, who encouraged or denounced them, and shouted instructions through the large brass speaking trumpet, the contest being witneSSed or the assembled crowds with as much interest and "rooting" as the more modern ball games. When the water works were erected the engine and suction carriage became obsolete, those of the Union being sold and a two wheeled hose cart being substituted ; later the "Union boyS" procured a four wheeled carriage by private subscriptions. The Relief engme and suction remained in the house, 92 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. and the former was later the nucleus of a fire company in West Zanesville, but a hose cart was never supplied the Relief company, and the organization became dormant. As there was practically only one fire company in the city the Hope Hose Company was organized May 5, 1851, with a very large membership, and one of the members, Matthias Hanniss, was presented with a silver medal for saving the court house from destruction by fire. The company's first shelter was in a small frame on the south side of Market street, between Court alley and Fourth street, but the frame blacksmith shop at Sewer alley and Market street became its first home ; the equipment was a two wheeled hose cart purchased at Cincinnati, and the city erected the two story, brick hose house still standing at the corner of Market and Sewer alley, when they were furnished a four wheeled cart. When the paid fire department was inaugurated the Hope hose house became headquarters until the erection of the Central building on Sixth street, and company No. i of the paid department occupied this structure. At the organization of the Star Hose Company, M ay I, 1852, sixty members were enrolled and their first home was on the east side of Seventh street, near Elm, and the two-story brick hose house was built nearly opposite ; a two wheeled cart was the first equipment but later a four- wheeled one was supplied, built on the model of the Union ; upon the creation of the paid department the building was the station of the second company. Fifty members were enrolled at the formation of the Eagle Hose Company, May 10, 1852, and they were stationed on the north side of Marietta street, near Eighth, and later were housed in the two story, brick house built by the city on the south side of the street and which was razed in 1904 to permit the erection of a modern station for the paid department company, which had occupied the original structure. The first equipment of the Eagle was an old two-wheeled cart, but later a four-wheel carriage, on the model of the Union, was supplied, and upon the organization of the paid department the building was the station of Company No. 4. In 1852 there were four companies, the Union and Hope near the center of the city, the Star in north Seventh street, and the Eagle in Marietta street, and as the ladders owned by the first named were too heavy for efficient service in emergencies, a number of old hose company members withdrew and formed an independent company, with forty members, as the Rescue Hook and Ladder Company. No. 5, composed of merchants, bankers. professional men and clerks ; their social standing secured for them the sobriquet of "silk stockings,” but they were not afraid of fire or water, and were efficient fire fighters notwithstanding their occupation. The company was organized about 1858, and purchased truck and ladders at Baltimore, Maryland, which were paid for by private funds, and when it arrived was housed in one of the store rooms in the new Masonic Temple, at Market and Fourth streets. The County Commissioners gave a free use of ground on the public square, on the east side of Fourth street, about midway the block between Fountain alley and Main street, and upon it an ornamental two story, brick building was erected, with but, tressed pilasters on the front and corners, and gothic doors and windows ; the building cost $2,875.00, of which sum the city contributed $1,000.00, the remainder being donations from the members and their friends, which was augmented by dances and other entertainments ; the second story was fitted as a reading room and place of assembly and amusement, and the organization proved more social than the Union. Each member provided, at his own expense, a leather hat, belt and water proof cape, and when the war came the company was in debt the small sum of $250.00 on the building; thirty-four of the forty members volunteered and before the war closed nearly ever man was in the army ; the company was practically dormant, and the city council refused to protect the property for the absent soldiers, who offered it to the city on condition that the debt be paid ; judgment was taken, the truck was sold and the city took possession of the building under its contribution and rented it to the county for use of the Auditor and Treasurer, August 12, 1867, D. Foerster, C. W. Fletcher, H. C. Lillibridge, Hugh Dunne, W. H. Nevitt, William Bailey and Jacob Swarts represented to council, in a communication, that they were members of the Rescue Hook and Ladder Company and had a $600.00 interest in the building, which the city had ceased to use for fire purposes, and offered to release their claim upon it to the city if the latter would pay the amount to the Children’s Home, which was accepted by a vote of seven to one. Upon the annexation of Natchez, West Zanesville and Putnam five new hose companies created, and the city erected houses for the organizations. The Muskingum Fire Company was organized June 1, 1853, with fifty enrolled mem and the engine of the Relief Fire Engine Company, of Zanesville: it declined, and when annexation occurred was reorganized with a membership of forty, in 1871, as the Reliance Hose Company, which name was later changed to the Relief and occupied the two-story brick hose house, in Keene street ; the volunteer company disbanded April 1, 1878, and the station became Company 3, of the paid department. June 30, 1870. Relief Hose Company No. 7 was organized in Natchez, with forty members, and occupied PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 93 the two-story brick hose house at Pine street and Muskingum avenue; December 29, 1874, a reorganization was made as Rescue No. 7, and became of paid Company No. 6 upon the dissolution of the volunteer department. The 76 hose company was organized April 15, 1872, equipped with a reel purchased at Philadelphia, and located in the new hose house built for the purpose in Monroe street, but the company disbanded June 1, 1874. The Neptune Hose Company was formed May 17, 1872, with thirty members, as an dependent reserve, to attend all firs in the Fourth ward, and large fires beyond those limits; the city accepted the organization May 25, 1872, and located them in the house at Main and Ninth streets. The Niagara Hose Company was organized July 5, 1872, with fifty-eight members and occupied the new building at Putnam avenue and Madison street ; it disbanded March 27, 1876, with twenty-two active members, and paid Company No. 5 was assigned to the building. During 1874 the necessity for a better organization of the firemen became apparent; the volunteers were allowed $150.00 per annum by the city for furniture, etc., for the halls on the of second floors of the hose houses, and all other expenses for social purposes were paid by the service was excellent for a village but the demands of a city rested too heavily upon the industrial conditions made a change essential. June I, 1874. the Fire Committee of Council reported that during May a new company of twenty-four men had been enrolled and accepted, and July 13 they again reported that they attended called meetings of all the companies except the Reliance, in West Zanesville, and that a general conference of the entire department had been held June 8, at which the Union, Neptune, 76. Relief, Reliance and Niagara had agreed, conditionally, to serve under a fire chief, and the Hope, Eagle and Star had positively refused, and only two companies were willing to do so unconditionally. The committee recommended that the Union, Hope, Eagle. Star. 76 and Reliance Companies be disbanded, and new ones formed to serve under a chief, and the expressed that a paid department should be inaugurated. July 20 an ordinance creating the office of fire engineer and assistant was adopted by a vote of 17 to 1, and all the regulations creating and governing volunteer companies were repealed. The formation of fire companies was vigorously conducted and August 24 report was made that a company with twenty-one members in West Zanesville one with twenty-three members at the Marietta street station and one with twenty-nine members at the 76 station had been formed and accepted, and September 7, 1874, John W. McCormick was confirmed as Chief of the Fire Department. December 28, 1874, the Fire Committee reported that it had "lost all hope of organizing volunteer companies in the Second and Fifth wards," and had under consideration the unprotected condition of the First, Second and Fifth wards with three men at Hope and two at Star houses, with insufficient force to get a hose carriage to a fire, and recommended that the fire engineer be instructed, without delay, to have two of the hose carriages fitted to attach a horse, purchase horses and harness and consolidate the force at the Hope house ; January 11, 1875, the report was agreed to except that the companies were maintained at the two houses. August 21, 1876, the ordinance of July 2o, 1874, was repealed and the office of Fire Engineer was created and September 23 an appropriation of $1,000.00 was made to inaugurate a telegraphic fire alarm system ; May 26, 1879, an ordinance was passed to regulate the formation and government of fire companies, which prescribed that each should have two fully paid firemen and one runner, with a horse to be attached to each reel, or hook and ladder truck, and its adoption sounded the death of the volunteer fire department. The system has grown until the city possesses a department of which it has great reason to be satisfied. In 1890 the present handsome "Central" fire station was erected in Sixth street near Main, and made the headquarters of the department. The Chief, Assistant Chief and six men are assigned to man the chemical engine, hook and ladder truck and chiefs wagon, at this station, for whose use five horses are maintained. The appointments at each of the other stations consist of three men, two horses and one reel, located as follows : No. 2, at Monroe street ; No. 3, Keene street ; No. 4, Marietta street ; No. 5, Putnam avenue ; No. 6, Pine street. The fire alarm telegraph has been developed until all parts of the city are covered and sixty-three boxes are in circuit. WATER WORKS. In May, 1816, the town council granted the privilege to Wyllys Silliman and David J. Marple, of constructing a reservoir and laying water pipes in the streets and alleys ; work was begun in 1817 by the construction of a cut stone reservoir, puddled with clay and arched with brick ; it was only a large cistern, 25 by 75 feet, 9 feet high, erected upon the surface of the ground near the corner of Underwood street and Fountain alley. The springs in the surrounding hills were very strong, on account of the dense forests and their flow was conducted to the cistern in pipes; iron was impossible of procurement and elm, poplar and oak logs, in short sections, were used with holes ranging from two and one-half to 94 = PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. three and one-half inches in diameter bored through them; joints were formed by driving tapered ends into each other, and the preparation of the pipe was conducted on the lot at south-east corner of Market and Sixth streets. The main was laid in Fountain alley to Third street, with branches on the cross streets, but the pipes froze quickly in cold weather, and the flavor of the wood was so freely imparted to the water that it was unsuited for drinking or culinary purposes. Hydrants were constructed of smaller wooden pipe, about seven feet in length, driven into the main, the upper end plugged and a wooden or brass faucet inserted in the side. As the reservoir was only slightly above the elevation of the hydrants, pressure was lacking and when one hydrant was open on the line water could not be drawn from those beyond it. The minimum price for a family was $5.00 per annum, but the projectors never collected a cent from the users and the entire enterprise was a failure and a loss to the owners. In 1831 the reservoir was sold and the stone used for building purposes. A quarter century elapsed before an effort was made to supply the town with water and on June 14, 1841, the City Council appointed a Water Works Committee of three members, with James Crosby as secretary. Two of the committee were instructed to visit Wheeling, Steubenville and Pittsburg and report a system of public water supply adapted to Zanesville; June 29 their report was submitted and the expense of the trip was given as $54.00 ; when it is recalled that railroads were not then in existence and the trip was made by stage, the promptness with which they discharged their duty was not only commendable, but the economy exercised is worthy of record and emulation at this later day ; the expense is in contrast with bills for similar services rendered in these days of rapid transit, parlor cars and palatial hostelries. The Council was not dilatory in acting and July 24 approved a plan to construct a power house on the canal embankment, "fifty feet from north to south and forty feet from east to west ;" the lower story walls were ordered to be constructed of Lock masonry, twenty-two feet in height, the first ten feet to be five feet thick ; the upper story to be of brick, eight feet high ; the pump chamber to be ten feet in the clear and the force pump to be twelve mches m diameter and have a stroke of four and one-half feet. A contract was made July 6 and amended August 2 for the excavation of a reservoir on the town lot, on Harvey's hill, the center of the lot "to be the center of the west line of said reservoir, extending thence north sixty-five feet and south an equal distance ; the east line of said reservoir to be of the same length, and the north and south sides to be sixty feet each, making an oblong square of 130 by 60 feet ; the reservoir to be sunk ten feet below a level 180 feet above low water mark at the lock at the canal." The reservoir was lined and paved with brick and November 9 a contract was made for an enlargement, the whole to be completed by April 1, 1842. The stonework for the power house was contracted September 7, 1841, and October 18, 1841, F. J. L. Blandy contracted to make iron pipe at the following prices : three-inch, forty-two cents; four inch, fifty-five and one-half cents ; six-inch, eighty-one and one-third cents ; seven- ninety-four and one-half cents ; eight inch, $1.08 ten-inch, $1.50 per foot. Work was not commenced during the autuma of 1841 and the record of April 16, 1842, reads; "The board met agreeably to appointment on the embankment of the canal, above the lower (Third street) bridge ; present, Trustees Davidson, Adams and Galigher, and agreed unanimously to locate the power house on said embankment, having the south wall sixty feet above the lower bridge." The structure thus authorized is now occupied by Abel's box factory ; the power was water moving a wheel supplied by a race and corebay from the canal, the intake pipe being in the river. The contract for the brick work of the power house was let March 29, 1842. The main supply pipe was laid in Fountain alley, with branches at each street intersection, and July 22, 1842, fire plugs were ordered placed at each street intersection from Seventh to Second streets, and blanks at the alley crossings. The date of the opening of the works is not recorded and is indefinite ; the first collections for water rent were made May 18, 1843. for the preceding six months ; a memorandum of the period during which water was used for pumping, made when the station was abandoned, fixed the commencement at July 9, 1842, and it is very probable that the service began in October or November, 1842, as the first rates were determined October 6, 1842, for three families : Eliza Ross, seven in family, family use only, $7.00 per annum. Jeremiah Ford, six in family, family use only $7.00 per annum. George Reeve, eight m family, family use and bath, $10.00 per annum. The next day barber shops were rated at $6.00; private baths, $1.00 ; shops, stores and warehouses, $2.00 ; smith shops, each fire, $2.00; horses, 50 cents ; manufacturers, on a moderate scale, $10.00 per annum. The provision for private baths in families, sixty years ago, indicates that the comforts of life were not unknown in Zanesville at that day, but it appears that the water was heated and poured into the tub, the attachments now so familiar and essential in such apparatus being unknown. PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 95 Although he had been dead a quarter century, McIntire enabled the city to erect the works upon easy terms; $30,497.05 was borrowed from the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, the executors of his estate, at six per cent. interest for a period of twenty-four years from Jan 1, 1842. The improvement was called Belleview Water Works, and the aggregate cost to April 1, 1844, was $39,066.40, of which sum the reservoir cost $5,672.01. The public system was not generally used, however, and the report for the year ended March 31, 1846, showed an aggregate possible revenue of $1,483.51, of which $1,406.80 was collected, $16.96 was rebated as corrections and $59.75 was lost as delinquencies and removals. In 1852 a new reservoir was constructed on Harvey’s hill at a cost of $9,952.10, but the necessity for additional storage was soon apparent and July 30, 1863, it was decided to ascertain the price at which land could be secured on water works hill for reservoir purposes ; the values which property acquires when needed for public purposes was known at that day, as it was reported August 7th that one lot of .8c acre would cost $2,885.00, and a tract of three acres, north and east of the reservoir, would be discounted to the city for $5,896.00 cash. The prices were considered unreasonable and the solicitor was instructed to condemn, but no action was taken and October 10th the price of vacant lots south was ordered to be ascertained but no report was made. The lessees of the public works permitted the canal to be obsructed with washings and the supply of water was inadequate for pumping purposes; January 20, 1867, the trustees had a conference with the lessees to effect a cleaning of the head of the canal, "in order that the superintendent may be able to run the water wheel," but slight satisfaction was given and the president was directed to visit Pittsburg and procure the services of the superintendent of the water works of that city to make plans and specifications for erecting steam power, the city council having agreed to borrow money to erect a steam plant; later Mr. Francis Wedge submitted a Mr. Ruth were instructed, February 18, 1867, to submit it to the Pittsburg superintendent. March 9, 1867, authority was given to purchase a lot at the foot of Fourth street upon which to construct a steam power station, and a portable engine was ordered to be attached to the water power plant to supply water during the ; March 18th, plans for a steam power plant were ordered to be secured, but friction occurred between the trustees and the council, by reason of a resolution of the latter body, April 15th, to the effect that all moneys in payment for the improvements must he drawn on the order of the finance committee of the council ; the next day the trustees protested that the council's action took from them the control of the work and it was incompatible with their duty to enter into any further contracts until the council should signify its intention to place the funds under the control of the trustees. An adjustment of the differences was effected, but the troubles of the trustees multiplied and August 7th they were obliged to cancel the contract for the erection of the power house, as the contractors were unable to complete it. January 11, 1868, the cost of the improvements aggregated $54,294.02, and council was asked to increase the issue of bonds to $75,000.00. Service by the steam plant began early. in 1868 but the date is not recorded. The annexation of Natchez and West Zanesville having been accomplished, on July 12, 1871, propositions were considered for 720 feet of flexible pipe to be laid acrdss the river, and August 22d a contract was executed for a submerged pipe from the foot of Market to the foot of Lee street, which cost $66,008.66, Natchez being supplied by a pipe across the Licking ; the annexation of Putnam required the introduction of the city water and April 29, 1872, the trustees considered propositions for a supply of pipe for the extension to that portion of the city. This river connection cost $59,976.56 and was laid during an extremely low stage of water, plows being used to turn furrows in which to lay the pipe, and a large saving in both labor and material was thereby effected ; in 1873 a main was laid to Natchez from Putnam by way of the Dug Road, at an expense of $5,053.22. The increased demand for water compelled the trustees, May 18, 1872, to order an engine, boiler and pump for the old power house, and to take action for increasing both pumping and storage facilities. The location of the pumping station below the outlets of the sewers suggested that additions to the existing plant were not desirable, and May 30, 1872, an order was given for brick for additional reservoirs on Blandy and Water Works' hills ; June 17th the immediate construction of the reservoirs was ordered and estimates were directed to be obtained for the cost of new power houses ; on the succeeding day the board viewed the Blandy hill site and visited the Mill Run bridge site of the proposed power house, both of which were approved and orders were given for the acquisition of the needed land ; a month later the power houses and equipment were ordered and August 3d a stand pipe was located. March 23, 1873, the Mill Run power house was contracted for at $7,250.00, and the power house on the hill for $4,227.00. The new plant was put in operation November 7. 1873, and in 1875 the power plants on the canal were 96 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. abandoned, the city having paid the state $7,586.70 for water power from July 9, 1842, to November 1, 1875, or on an average of $19.00 per month. Later a larger stand pipe was erected to supply the distant elevated portions of the city. MAYORS OF ZANESVILLE. The first election under the revised city charter occurred April 15, 1850, and the city elections were held in April until the new municipal code became operative in 1903, and after the first election the spring elections were abolished.   1850. Wm. Schultz. 1853. D. J. Culbertson. 1857. E. L. Grigsby. 1859. J. B. Thompson. 1861. Mark Loudan. 1865. John M. James. 1867. Asa R. Cassaday. 1869. Wm. Ruth. 1873. Robert F. Brown. 1875. Calvin C. Gibson. 1877. Wm. H. McOwen. 1879. Wm. C. Blocksom. 1881. Wm. N. McCoy. 1885. Tames C. Gillespie. 1887. Wm. H. Holden, M. D. Died in January, 1888. 1888. Thomas E. Richards, until spring election, three months. 1888. John W. Conrade. 1891. Wm. S. Bell. 1893. Robert Silvey. 1895. Wm. S. Bell. 1897. L. H. Gibson. 1899. L. E. Brelstord. 1901. James L. Holden, M. D.   The municipal code of 1903 provided for so many radical changes in the city organization that the ticket of 1903 presented several new officials ; the first election under the code resulted as follows;   Mayor, Wm. B. Deacon ; president of council, F. S. Gates ; city auditor, H. H. Kennedy ; board of public service, H. Eugene Printz, C. A. Barton, J. E. Crotzer ; police judge, G. L. Foley ; councilmen at large, Albert E. Boone, Charles E. Swingle, Wm. R. Galigher ; ward councilmen, 1st, F. A. Bohn ; 2d, Wm. Reich, Jr.; 3d, Daniel B. Gary ; 4th, C. H. Flesher.   The second election was held in November, 1904, when the following were elected: Councilman at large, Wm. R. Galigher ; ward councilmen, 1st, F. A. Bohn; 3d, Daniel B. Gary.   A RHYMING MAYORALTY REPORT.   January 1, 1866, Mayor John M. James submitted a report to council of the collections from fines and licenses during the quarter ended December 31, 1865, aggregating $1,033.25, and with it a special report which the record states, on motion of Mr. Applegate, "was accepted and the thanks of the council tendered the mayor, marshal and policemen." Those who knew Mr. James will be surprised as much by the humor as the versification, as his austere exterior gave no indication of so much "goodfellowship."   To the Honorable President and Members of the City Council:   To your Honors all I now appear To welcome in the bran new year, And with his exit here present Old Sixty-five's last quarter's rent.   To patrons all of Sixty-five Our warmest wishes please receive, And on. your minds would this affix : We're now on hand for Sixty-six.   The marshal’s prompt, his duty's done In style polite to every one ; The watchmen all, we here maintain, Have promptly carried out your plan.   I now will close this brief report And hold the deed for comings short, And slyly hint, that dish of oysters Is sovereign balm for sessions boist'rous J. M. J.