152 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM CONTY, OHIO (RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) CHAPTER XVI. ZANESVILLE CHURCHES, COMPRISING MET EPISCOPAL, METHODIST PROTESTANT, WES METHODISTS, FREE METHODISTS, AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL, AMERICAN WESLEYAN METHODISTS, PRESBYTERIAN, UNITED PRESBYTERIAN BAPTIST, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL, ROMAN CATHOLIC, ENGLISH AND GERMAN LUTHERAN, GERMAN EVANGELICAL, UNITED BRETHREN, CHURCH OF CHRIST, HEBREWS. FIRST SUNDAY SCHOOL. The first Sunday school held in Zanesville was convened in the court room, of the court house, in 1816, and the bar and jury benches were used by the assemblage; it was designated a “Union Sunday school," and was promoted by Presbyterians, Methodists. Episcopalians. Baptist, and PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 153 Lutherans, and did not draw the line on color, as the children of several colored families attended. It was more a temporal than spiritual school, as the originators were practical and not theoretical Christians, and desired to supply the means of acquiring the primary branches of an English education and with them instill the principles of Christian morality. The fees for tuition in the day schools were high and a heavy tax on parents with large families; where the labor of the children was needed during the week they were growing up in ignorance and it was hoped to remedy this by the Sunday instruction. The sessions lasted from 8 to To :30 a. m. to permit church services after school, and about thirty attended the first assembly ; the teachers alternated east Sunday and those not teaching went about the town persuading children to attend; the exercises opened and closed with prayer, and singing was taught as an accomplishment as well as an auxiliary. The only books were Bibles, Testaments, Watts’ Hymns and the New England Primer. Some of the more severe Presbyterians were very much opposed to the school, which they regarded as a desecration of the day, but as its beneficial effects became apparent the denunciations encouragement, and another class of objectors alleged that the school was designed for poor children and some of the most indigent parents withdrew their children from what they feared was considered a pauper school. The loafers at the tavern, on the Clarendon site added their sarcastic remarks about it and cultivated a low grade of wit in deriding the pupils and teachers, but several men who subsequently achieved some prominence in the community obtained their lift, from darkness to light, in the Union Sunday School. In March 1817: the school was reorganized in a frame dwelling at the northeast corner of Third street and Fountain alley, and a regular Sunday school was formed, and two years later, on May 2, 1819, the classes assembled in the court room and marched down Fourth street to the new Presbyterian church, at Fourth and South streets, and occupied seats in the gallery. A semi-centennial celebration of the establishment of Sunday schools in Muskingum county was held at Zanesville, March 23, 1867, at which time A. A. Guthrie delivered an address and detailed the origin of the various schools from the first held in the garrison at Marietta, in 1791. SECOND STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL. The first Methodist prayer and class meetings, and love feasts, were held in 1808, in a double, two-story, hewed-log cabin, with a passage through the center, which stood in South Third street, where the foundry is now located ; when it became too small for the growing congregation services were held in the old frame court house ; the Commissioners' journal, dated December 6, 1810, records that the Methodists were given permission to hold their regular services in the old court house, but the quarterly meetings could be held in the new, or old, 1809 ; the Presbyterians were given permission to meet in the new building, and each society was required to keep the room clean, and like permission was given any other Christian denomination. The first church building was erected in 1813, on the ground now owned by the church ; the structure was built by Thomas Moorehead and William Craig, and was a plain, one-story, frame, forty by sixty feet, with the gable towards Second street, and four large hewn posts supported the roof and ceiling. In the east end were two doors hung upon heavy, iron strap hinges and opened with wrought iron thumb latches : each opened upon an aisle and a partition, lengthwise the middle of the room, separated the sexes, as was the custom of the period. Seasoned lumber for the floor could not be obtained and the green supply for the purpose was piled in the west end of the room, to season, and upon it a plain, four- legged table was placed as a pulpit, behind which was a plain, Wooden chair for the minister ; the congregation sat upon the flat upper surface of the sills of the building, with the feet upon the ground, but during the ensuing year the interior was finished. The land was conveyed February 2, 1814, by Jonathan Zane and John McIntire and wives, for a consideration of one hundred dollars, to Christian Spangler, Samuel Frazey, Jesse Miller, James Vickers. Joseph Hamilton, John Spry, and Barney Munro. In 1826, a Sunday school was opened in the Market street academy, and in 1830, the congregation having prospered and increased, removed the old building and erected one of brick, one story in height, and of the rigidly plain, old- fashioned, box style of architecture ; in the east end were the two doors, the north for the men, and the south for the women, in the north and south sides were four windows, and in the west two, with the pulpit between.ber The present two- story brick edifice was erected in 1860, and during its construction the congregation occupied a building formerly standing on the site of . the South Street A. M. E. church. For many years the location of the church had been undesirable, by reason of the conversion of the neighborhood into business houses, and particularly on account of the three lines of railroad in Second street. In 1905, a lot, 140 feet square, at southeast corner of Fifth and North streets, was purchased and the Trinity 154 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. congregation united with the Second street in the erection of a sanctuary commensurate with the wealth and proportions of the consolidated congregations. Monday, May 15, 1905, about five hundred members of the churches assembled on the new site, formerly dedicated the premises to sacred purposes, the officiating clergy being Revs. B. D. Evans, of Trinity ; A. M. Courtenay, of Second Street ; Franklin McElfresh, presiding elder, and Bishop D. H. Moore, a former pastor of the Second Street church. TRINITY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The congregation of the Second Street church having outgrown the capacity of its building, in September, 184o, at the annual conference held at Zanesville, the excessive clerical duty of the Second Street pastor was represented, and the necessity urged of an additional minister ; it was deemed more expedient to divide the congregation, and two preachers were assigned, the new congregation occupying the second story of the McIntire Academy building, at Fifth and North streets, by permission of Z. C. & M. Co. In 1841, a lot opposite North street, in Seventh street. 66 by 124 feet, was purchased, and on January 6, 1843, an additional width of 18 feet was secured, the title being given to Daniel Brush, Thomas Moorehead, Samuel J. Cox, John Dillon, Levi Chapman, James Mills, James Henderson, Samuel Howard, and Horatio J. Cox, trustees. The stone basement was erected by Daniel Price, in 1841, and in the following year the brick work was contracted by Daniel Price and John T. Thorpe, and the house enclosed in 1842 ; the basement was finished and the opening service held there in June, 1843. The Sunday school was organized shortly after the church was formed, and the Second and Seventh street congregations were regarded as one station, the ministers alternating, but in 1845, Seventh street was made a station, and in September, 1845, the church was finished, and dedicated in 1849; during the pastorate of Rev. B. F. Jackson, about 1891, the name was changed to Trinity. In 1905 there is prospect that the city will condemn the church to open Gilbert street through to North, and the indications point to the early abandonment of the structure. EUCLID AVENUE METHODIST EPISCOPAL. The formation of this congregation and its successful efforts to surmount difficulties is a narrative of perseverance, pluck and not a little of the original Adam, which is essential for human endeavor. In 1889, there were four Methodist Episcopal stations in Zanesville, and many members thought a new one in the old Eighth and Tenth wards would relieve the over-crowded city churches and add new members to make it prosperous. Accordingly, during the summer of that year a meeting was held in the parlors of the Second Street church, and a branch of the Methodist Episcopal Extension Society was organized, consisting of Rev. T. C. Read and John W. King, of Second Street ; Rev. D. N. Stafford and J. N. Carr, of Trinity ; Rev. C. C. Elson and W. A. Weller, of South Street, and Rev. B. F. Stubbins and J. P. Curtis, of Moxahala Avenue, with Rev. Isaac F. King, presiding elder, ex-officio president ; J. N. Carr was chosen secretary and W. A. Weller, treasurer. A portion of the old Boggs residence was occupied as a dwelling and the Extension Society purchased and converted it into a church building, the two lower rooms being thrown into one, and the upper ones used for a Bible class and the infant class ; a Sunday school was or an organized an organ purchased from the proceeds of a strawberry festival, and chairs were donated by friends. Forty members, principally from Trinitu, were enrolled, but the members of other churches, while willing that others should unite with the new church, did not manifest any disposition to do so themselves, and maintained their former affiliations ; there was no enthusiasm for the new church, and the Extension Society became lukewarm and rendered no aid. Rev. T. F. Garrett had been assigned to the charge, which had been named "Euclid Avenue," and upon becoming acquainted with the conditions, concluded that if the new church must take care of itself, it were better to assert its independence of its pretended guardian, and during the winter of 1892-3, so informed the Extension Society, which surrendered the property to the original owner, with of loss the advances thereon. The congregation continued the occupancy, but during the spring of 1893, purchased a lot, northeast corner of Euclid avenue and O'Neill street, for $1,600, paid $300.00 thereon, gave a mortgage for remainder, and placed the title in Jeremiah Vroom, Meantime, Rev. Thomas W. Locke was assigned to the station and trustees were selected and confirmed as follows: Rev. T. W. Locke, president ; William Curtis, treasurer ; Samuel Oldham, secretary: John McCaslin, J. R. Saunders, A. S. Mitchell, Jeremiah Vroom, and John Shainholtz. The contract for the erection of a frame church was awarded October 22, 1804, and it was completed and furnished May 18, 1895, at a cost of $3,000.00. The following day it was dedicated by Bishop Willard F. Mallalieu, assisted by Rev. T. F. Miller, presiding elder, and Rev J. C. Arbuckle, pastor of Second Street. That the congregation might negotiate a loan, Jeremiah Vroom, Samuel Oldham, John McCaslin, Frank McCaslin, and J. R. Saunders were PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 155 selected as incorporators and the property placed in their possession, and during the pastorate of Rev. P. Drumm, 1901-4, the debt was extinguished and the prosperous and harmonious congregation enjoys the possession of a religious home acquired by untiring personal effort under discouraging conditions. SOUTH STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL. A mission Sunday school was organized in 1865 in the southeastern section of the city, and became the nucleus of this congregation ; by the liberality of Rev. David Young a lot was purchased at Seventh and South streets, fronting one hundred feet north on Seventh street, and east to the alley on South street, and upon it, in 1869, a small brick chapel was erected at the corner of the alley. Mr. Young made further bequests in his will, and in 1887, the present beautiful brick building was erected at the corner of the streets, at a cost of $9,000.00. FIRST UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. During the spring of 1889, about half a dozen gentlemen met at the office of T. C. Connar, county surveyor, at the court house, and organized a congregation, which was established as a mission of the United Presbyterian church. Services were held in the old Universalist church, in Zane street, for about six months, when a to the Knights of Pythias hall, in the Shinnick, where they remained about eighteen months, and where a Sunday school was organized. The mission was organized by Rev. Spencer, of Muskingum College, and in 1890 was accepted as a church, with mission help, and in 1892 a brick church was erected in Pine street, near Main, with a seating capacity of three hundred, and at cost of $7,500.00. Rev. D. M. Sleeth was first pastor, succeeded in 1896 by Rev. J. H. Hutchman, who resigned in 1905. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. About 1807, the pastor of the Presbyterian church, at Lancaster, passed through Zanesville, and was persuaded to remain over Sunday, that the seven persons of that communion might enjoy a servce; they assembled in Taylor's tavern, at Fourth and Main streets, on the site of the present Clarendon, where a sermon was preached and the communion administered. A Congregation congregation had been organized in Putnam a short time previously, at the residence of Benjamin Tupper, with five persons, which was soon increased to eight, but they were to feeble to employ a minister, and the Zanesville Presbyterians to form the United Presbyterian church, of Zanesville and Springfield, in 1809, and a pastor was installed, in Putnam, December 26, 1809. Services were held in private houses, taverns, the old log jail, and sometimes in a small frame building on Putnam Hill, and, during the summer, in barns and groves. After the completion of the court house, in Zanesville, and the stone academy, in Putnam, the congregation alternated between the places and crossed the river in skiffs and by ferry. Once during service in the court house, the building was struck by lightning and several persons were stunned, but none seriously injured. In 1817, the erection of a two-story, brick church building was begun on elevated ground, at the northeast corner of South and Fourth streets. The first story was finished for a store room and the rent given the sexton for his services ; the auditorium had a gallery on three sides and an aggregate seating capacity of 600 or 700. Money was obtained by the sale of pews, a deed being given to the purchaser for the land covered by the pew, which title could be sold as property. The building was dedicated August 28, 1817, and President Monroe and party, being in the city, attended the service. Music was furnished by stringed instruments, and once during the absence of the regular pas- tor, a Scottish Covenanter occupied the pulpit ; not approving of such auxiliaries he announced : "We will fiddle and sing the psalm." Mr. L. P. Bailey, an elder of the church, was a builder of organs, and, in 1827, had made one which the party had failed to accept, when completed ; the members on both sides of the river were anxious to secure it for the church, but the pastor feared some one might be offended; finally, a member offered to sustain the expense of changing the gallery to admit the organ, and it was set up. The instrument was II feet high, 7 feet wide, and 4 feet deep, and on the first Sunday remained silent, and many looked quietly and disapprovingly at the innovation; on the second Sunday it was played while the Sunday school children assembled, but closed when the church service began; later it was played as the congregation was dispersing, and next as they assembled; some weeks elapsed before it was used in the regular service, and inquiry has failed to elicit an earlier use of an organ by an American Presbyterian congregation. About 1840, the walls showed weakness, and as the town had grown away from the church and the Presbyterian church, in Putnam, had been formed, a more central point was desirable, and a lot was purchased on Fifth street, now occupied by the Second church, which was exchanged for the present site on Sixth street, 156 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. upon which the present structure was erected at a cost of $15,000, and dedicated December 26, 1841. The Sunday school was organized in 1816, as a "union school," and in 1819, was removed to the church. This congregation is the mother of the Presbyterian churches in the county, the direct descendants being the Newlin church, in 1829, Putnam, in 1834, and the Second, in 1852, which organized with forty-six of the members and the pastor of the First church. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN. In response to the petition of twenty-seven persons, the Presbytery, on September 7, 1852, authorized the formation of the Second Presbyterian church of Zanesville, and it was organized October 9, 1852, twenty-three additional signatures to the petition having been affixed before the organization. Rev. M. A. Hoge was pastor of the First church at the time, and by act of the Presbytery, October 22, 1852, he was assigned to the new congregation. The two congregations occupied the same building until the spring of 1853, when the Second church rented the assembly room of the Odd Fellows' hall, and held services there until January 1, 1854, when the Lutheran church building, Sixth and South streets, was leased for a year ; January I, 1855, the Odd Fellowsl hall was again secured and retained until the present structure was finished, in August, 1855. January 2, 1854, Peter Black, W. A. Graham, John A. Adams, R. P. Robinson, Adam Peters, and A. McFadden were appointed to secure funds to procure a lot and erect a church building; they reported March 2, 1854, that they were successful, when E. Buckingham, Adam Peters, John A. Adams, L. P. Bailey, John S. Black, and W. A. Graham were empowered to transact all the business necessary to erect the church. The brick building, now standing in Fifth street, between Market street and Fountain alley, was the result of this movement, and cost $15,000, and was completed August 11, 1855; in 1874, an addition for Sunday school purposes was erected on the rear of the lot. The Sunday school was organized while services were held in the Odd Fellows' hall, and has been maintained since at a high standard of efficiency. FIRST METHODIST PROTESTANT. Records do not exist to support the assertion but a Methodist Protestant congregation must have been formed as early as 1835-4o; the Rev. Cornelius Springer was editor and publisher of the Western Recorder, an organ of the church, and was published at Meadow Farm, from 1833 to 1845, being moved to Putnam in the latter year ; Mr. Springer was active in evangelical as well as editorial work, and it improbable that he would have neglected so fruitful a field as Zanesville, while forming congregations throughout the county. That a church building was in existence in 1850, is asserted by a lady still living in the city, who states that she was baptised in it in 1851, being then a girl of eight years, and that she heard her father speak of the building frequently as having been built for some years before, and places the erection at a year in the early forties. The church stoof in South street, at corner of Potter alley, where the present African Methodist church is now erected, and was known, locally, as the "Radical;" it was a two-story, brick structure, with several stone steps leading to the level of the auditorium in the second story, the basement being used as a wareroom by Daniel Applegate, and other merchants engaged in the New Orleans trade. About 1865, the African Methodists bought the edifice, and the Methodist Protestants bought a lot at northwest corner of Underwood and Center streets, upon which were a dwelling, which was rented, and a store room, which was used as a church, but the worshipers were annoyed by the noise of boys playing in the streets, decided to secure a location on a side street, and sold the property. Services were held in Trinity church until the present erection of the brick building, in Beaumont street, which was constructed about 1871, during the pastorate of Rev. John Burns. The original building was a plain, two-story house ; the basement being fitted for Sunday school and prayer meeting purposes, with the auditorium, on the second floor, seating with a seating capacity of from 350 to 400 persons. During 1889 an ornamental front, with a tower, was added at a cost of $2,000. FIRST BAPTIST. In the fall of 1820, George C. Sedwick left Winchester, Va., for a trip to the West, and at Zanesville discovered one Baptist, held a service and delivered a sermon ; his journey was continued through Kentucky and Indiana, and several requests, from strong congregation, were made to him to remain with them as pastor, but his impressions of Zanesville were so favorable that he returned in 1821, and held serices in the court house and private houses, and February 11, 1821, baptised three men; June 16, he organized a church and was chosen pastor, and August 22, reported thirty-seven baptisms and four admissions by letter. In August, 1822, the membership was eighty-three, and in 1825 it had increased to one hundred and four. PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 157 In the fall of 1823 the present one-story brick church building, forty by sixty feet, in Sixth as street, near South, was completed, and the dedicatory services were held November 15, and the first regular service held December 15, 1823. In May, 1826, the Ohio Baptist State convention was organized in this church and the two succeeding annual sessions were held in it. During the pastorate of Rev. I. B. Conyers, 1856-59, sixty-four members withdrew and organized the Sixth Street church, which after struggling for a time united with the Market Street church, While Rev. J. B. Sharp was pastor, 1856-6, seventy-seven members withdrew and organized Berean church, which subsequently disbanded, some of the members returning to the First and others uniting with the Market Street church. Rev. W. G. Pratt, 1866-8, adjusted the differences between the members, which had been the causes of contentions, pruned and excluded a large number, and succeeded in having the “brethren dwell together in unity." A Baptist Sunday school was organized in 1822, in a small frame, on the river bank, east of the approach to the Third street bridge, and upon the completion of the church building it was removed to that Structure. MARKET STREET BAPTIST. During the year 1832, a Baptist congregation was formed in the Academy building, a three-story brick still standing in Market street, immediately west of the former Masonic temple, at Fourth and Market streets. Services were held there for a short time, and the court house was obtained for the purpose, and later in a small building on South Street, near Seventh. In 1833, a room in the bottoms" was rented and a Sunday school started and when the congregation was strong enough, it was moved to the Academy and placed under the care of the church, and has ever since been conducted and is now one of the most prosperous and enthusiastic schools in the city. In 1835, a movement was inaugurated to erect a church building and “Father Mills" donated the lot on the east side of Sixth street, south of North and August 5, 1837, the corner-stone of a brick edifice was laid, and the building completed in 1839; as the name of Market Street church had become endeared to the congregation, it was retained. The growth of the congregation had made the church building inadequate, and during 1904-5 the question of a new structure was agitated, and determined upon; plans were prepared, and May 11. 1905, farewell services were held in the old church, and Monday, May 15, the demolition of the structure was commenced, arrangements having been made to occupy the public hall, in the Odd Fellows' building, during the erection of the new and larger sanctuary. The location of the corner-stone of the original church had not been designated in the records and the workmen engaged in razing the building were instructed to look for it ; May 29, 1905, it was uncovered and opened and its contents found in a good state of preservation ; they consisted of six copies of the city papers from August 2 to August 5, 1837, a declaration of Baptist faith, dated May Ii, 1835, the hymn book in use at the time, a Bible, and a map of the city ; it is purposed to place the box and contents in the cavity of the corner-stone of the new church. FAIR OAKS BAPTIST. The Market Street Baptist church opened a mission, October 6, 1889, in a store room in Putnam avenue, which was iso successful that a lot was purchased at the corner of Woodlawn and Maysville avenues, and a small frame chapel erected, and dedicated December 28, 1890. For a couple of years the work was continued almost exclusively by laymen, and in the fall of 1892, Mr. E. C. Smith, of the senior class in Denison University, was engaged as a supply. February 3, 1893, a complete church organization was effected with thirty-seven members, and having been officially accepted as a congregation, Mr. Smith was offered the pastorate, and was ordained March 24. The chapel proved too limited for the congregation. and a handsome fran church was erected on the chapel site, and dedicated October 14, 1894. Mr. Smith severed his pastoral relations February 28. 1895, and his successors have been Revs. E. M. Lake, J. A. Snodgrass, W. L. Lemon, J. Ernest Reynolds, and J. W. Ely, the present pastor, who assumed the charge May T., 1904. BRIGHTON PRESBYTERIAN. The congregation was formed April 30, 1896, and a handsome Church and pastor's residence on the adjoining lot were erected. UNION BAPTIST CHURCH (COLORED). About 1848, Booker Terrell, Ann Jane Terrell, George Roots, ----- Harris, Mrs. Catherine Cook, Ann Alexander, Elizabeth P. Parrott, and others formed a Baptist congregation, which met in the second story of the First Masonic hall, in Market street, the birthplace of the Market Street Baptist church, and from there moved to a frame building in Putnam; the congregation appears to have been later divided, purely from motives of convenience, between the Zion and Third Baptist churches. 158 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO February 4, 1859, the Zion Baptist church was incorporated, under Ohio statutes, and the first regular business meeting was held in Nevitt and Dixon's hall, northwest corner of Main and Seventh streets, March 5, 1859, when twenty-seven members were enrolled. In June, the trustees purchased for $300.00, a one-story frame, the property of the True NAiresleyan church, near the Mandy works, and the first service was held therein July 2, 1859. In January, 1863, the building was vacated, and a room secured in the Nevitt and Dixon building, and in August, 1866, a lot was purchased on the east side of Eighth street, between Main and South streets, for $800.00, upon which a one-story frame was erected, and the first service held in it November 3, 1866. August 29, 1863, the Third Baptist church was organized in the old brick school house, in Moxahala avenue, Putnam, by Rev. Isaac Jones, who served as pastor ten years, and in 187o, a one- story, frame church, 24 by 40 feet, was erected in Moxahala avenue, between Harrison and Pierce streets, at a cost of $2,500.00, which was sold and the proceeds placed in the Union church upon the consolidation of the congregations to form the Union Baptist church. The original building, in Eighth street, proved too small to accommodate the growing congregation and a new one-story frame, 30 by 4o feet, was erected on the site, at a cost of $1,500.00, and dedicated May 5, 1872, but this was inadequate when the union was effected, and in 1893 the present graceful, two-story brick, 35 by 6o feet, was built. The basement and auditorium each contain an organ, and a Sunday school has been maintained from the beginning of each of the original congregations. ST. JAMES PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH There may be one older parish in the State of Ohio, but certainly there is none in the diocese of Southern ( )hio, than St. James.’ At a meeting held in the Senate chamber of the old court house, October 17, 1816, pursuant to public notice, with Horace Reed, M. D., as chairman and John Gordon as secretary, it was unanimously resolved to form a church organization, to be called "St. James'," and the following officers were chosen : Horace Reed, M. D., and Seth Adams, wardens ; Jeffrey Price. Moses Moorehead. E. B. Mervin. and Calvin Conant, M. D., vestrymen Alexander Harper, treasurer; Samuel Burnham. O., be reader. Rey. Joseph Doddridge, M. D.. was chosen pastor. and the first service was held in the Senate chamber, but in June. 1817 and for some time thereafter. they were conducted in the Methodist church. which was loaned for the purpose. The first class for confirmation comprised twenty-five persons, and the rite was administered May 23, 1819, by Bishop Chase, in the Presbyterian church, at Fourth and South streets. August 30, 1830, G. A. Hall and John T. Fracker, as building committee, awarded a contract for the erection of a brick church building at the southeast corner of South and Sixth streets; many of the members were affiliated with the Freemasons, and desired that society to plant the corner-stone, but Mr. Hall protested so strenuously that no corner-stone was laid; the structure was very small and rigidly plain. By act of the General Assembly, January 31, 1833, the parish was incorporated and the church building having become too limited for the congregation, additions were made to the east and south sides, which doubled the original capacity. In 1841, the building was sold to the congregation St. John's English Lutheran church, and the erection of the present stone edifice was begun on the west side of Sixth street, near North, the corner-stone being laid June 24, 1841. The congregation occupied the Senate chamber during the construction, and the basement having been sufficiently finished, services were held therein on Easter Day, 1843. The completion of the auditorium having sufficiently progressed, a pipe organ was purchased in 1851, and both basement and auditorium having been completed, the building was consecrated September 7, 1853, the entire sanctuary representing an expenditure of $20,000.00. The tower was not finished until 1878, when the bell, weighing 2,000 pounds, was donated by Mrs. Julia Peabody Chandler, of Germantown, Pennsylvania, a former communicant of the church. The other private donation and memorials have been : The stained glass windows in the body of the church were furnished by James R. Cooper, in the early seventies; the altar was a memorial by her children to Mrs. Lucy W. Hazlett; the stone front was the gift of the Shinnick family, the brass eagle lectern is a memorial of Charles W. Chandler by his who donated the bell ; the lectern Bible was donated Hated by the Girls' society, October 4, 1882, and the service books, colored stoles, and festival white altar hangings were the gifts of the Daughters of the King; the "kite heads" of the window, and of the auditorium were mostly furnished by George W. Dubois ; the chancel window, and manorial of William Shultz by his widow is a the east window is a memorial of Margaret Applegate Buell; the jewelled chalice and brass altar cross were presented in 1893, by Mrs. Amanda A. Pratt. as memorials of her son. Douglas Cassel. The Sunday school was organized in 1828, in the Senate chamber. but the legend that the par- PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO - 159 ish enjoys the distinction of being the one in which each bishop has entered upon his sacerdotal office is not sustained by the facts. In 1902, a parish house of brick was erected in the rear of the church, consisting of a basement, a Sunday school room, pastor's study, robing rooms, and kitchen, in which the business meetings and social gatherings of the congregation are held. ST. THOMAS’ ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. Prior to 1815 there was no Catholics in Zanesville, and the first of that communion was William C. Colerick, a printer, who came in that year to be associated with Dr. Reed, of Putnam, in a periodical enterprise, which did not materialized. In 1817, John S. Dugan, wife and child, and brother, Peter, and in the succeeding year his widowed sister, Mrs. Harkins, with nine children, arrived, and these fourteen persons comprised the first congregation which assembled in Zanesville for services, according to the Roman ritual, which were held in a frame building at the southwest corner of Market and Fifth streets. John S. Dugan was proprietor of the tavern at the corner of Main and Fifth streets, and in 1819, the first service by a priest in Zanesville was conducted in his hotel, by Father Young, of Somerset, and in the same year, in the Burnham tavern, in Putnam, but the complaint was made that the latter room was so large that the small congregation was lost in it. Father Young made semi-annual visits and as more Catholics settled the subject of a church building was considered, and during one of the Father's visits he and Dugan selected a one-story, brick warehouse, 20 by 50 feet, at the northeast corner of Fifth street and Locus alley, as capable of being adapted to the purpose: Dugan purchased it for $2,000, November 20, 1820, and when the pastor returned in the spring of 1821, he found a church, which he dedicated, and which was "Trinity" church and as the “brick chapel:” semi-monthly visits were then made until Father Young's home duties prevented, and Father Stephen H. Montgomery arrived in 1823 as the first stationed pastor. In the spring of 1824, Dugan purchased a lot fronting 134 feet on Fifth street, at its intersection with Spruce alley, which he donated to the congregation, and contributed liberally to the erection of a new stone and brick church, the plans and specifications for which were donated by a New York architect. The corner-stone was laid March 4, 1825, for a building 4o by 70 feet, 35 feet high, and July 2, 1826, it was dedicated to St. John, the Evangelist, and opened by Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, first Bishop of Cincinnati, and called the St. John's Roman Catholic church. The front door was arched and bore the inscription: "This is none other than the house of God, and the gates of heaven," and above it, "I. H. S." During the summer of 1827, while Father Montgomery was in France, he procured a bell, which was suspended over the entrance, from a horizontal beam supported by two others, one end resting upon the ground and the other against the building; in 1829 a steeple, in spiral form, 100 feet high, was erected with a copper ball surmounted by a cross, and shortly after a two-story frame pastoral residence was built, adjoining the church, on the north. Upon the authority of the venerable Father Lynch, it is stated that the averment that the church was called St. Patrick is untrue ; when the German members withdrew and formed St. Nicholas church, the congregations were designated as the German and Irish Catholics ; as the titular designation of the original church was seldom mentioned, the logical' conclusion was that as the German church was St. Nicholas, the Irish must be St. Patrick. When the church became too small the Germans withdrew and the English-speaking members recognized the necessity of a larger blinding, and Patrick Keely, of Brooklyn, New York, donated the plans and specifications for a new church. A brick structure was contemplated and Mr. John P. Howard offered Father Charles P. Montgomery, the pastor at the time, all the stone required for the erection of a stone church at the cost of quarrying and hauling, and the offer was accepted, and from the time the St. John structure was razed until the new building was completed, the congregation met in the third story of the BlocksOm building. at the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer alley. The cornerstone was laid March 17, 1842, the black walnut door and window frames were made by Isaac Dillon at his saw mill, at the mouth of Licking : the bell was purchased at Cincinnati, and donated by William 1Iattingly at a cost of $1,200.00 ; its weight is 2,000 pounds, height three feet one inch, and diameter three feet ten inches. December 4. 1854, Rt. Rev. Bishop Purcell consecrated St. Thomas' Catholic church, and it was generally known at the time, and is repeated as history, as the only concecrated edifice in the diocese, except the Cathedral at Cincinnati : the structure is a large and beautiful one, 6o by 120 feet, and cost $40,000.00. Sunday evening, July 14, 1901, the jubilee celebration was begun by a procession from St. Thomas' to St. Nicholas' church and return, in charge of Father Farmer, the present pastor, and led by the venerable Father Lynch ; first were the small school boys and girls ; next, single and married women, followed by the men, in all about 1,250 persons. 160 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. PARISH SCHOOL. The parish school, attached to St. Thomas' church, was established in the basement of old St. John's church, in 1838, by Father Wilson, the pastor, and was maintained there until the removal of the building, in the spring of 1842, to erect the new church ; the school was then conducted in an old building, opposite the church, at the southwest corner of Sewer and Spruce alleys, on the rear of the lot lately known as the "hay market." It remained there only a short time, as Father Montgomery, who became pastor, leased ground from the McIntire estate at southeast corner of Sixth and Center streets, where the High school now stands, and erected a parish school house of two rooms, which was occupied about ten years. May 3, 1854, the tier of lots from Spruce alley to North street, on the west side of Fifth street, was purchased from E. Buckingham, and in 1855, a two-story brick building was erected and occupied ; in 1856, St. Columbia's Academy building, with basement and two stories of brick, was erected at the north end, and occupied as a young ladies' boarding school until 1873; in July, 1861, it was partially destroyed by fire, but was immediately rebuilt and a third story added. The school is taught by sisters of the order of St. Francis. The St. Patricksis Benevolent Society was organized March 17, 1859, but is not now in existence ; when President Lincoln called for troops. in 1861, the society had $500.00 in the treasury and at once voted the entire sum to equip men for service. As the money had been collected for charitable purposes and there was no necessity for the sacrifice, the contribution was declined with thanks and an expression of the appreciation of the patriotic motives which prompted the loyal Irishmen to vote their hard-earned savings to such a purpose. ST. NICHOLAS CATHOLIC CHURCH. In 1842 the male German communicants of the Catholic church, at Zanesville, forty-one in number, formed the congregation of St. Nicholas' church, and the original stone church, 45 by 6o feet, was dedicated December I, 1842, by Rt. Rev. John Baptist Purcell, bishop, of Cincinnati. The first pastor was Rev. Joseph Galligher, who was instituted December 26, 1842. About 1860-1, an addition, thirty-six feet in length, was made, and during the pastorate of Rev. Magnus Eppink, in 1870, the brick school building, with five rooms, convent with six rooms, and pastorate, were erected. The original site was upon the brow of the hill at the head of Main street, but in 1885 the lot between Main and Silliman streets, extending to Greenwood avenue, was purchased and terraced, forty stone steps erected to the front of the church, and the building given extensive repairs, and December 6, 1892, the golden jubilee of the church was celebrated. The present pastor, Rev. A. L. Leininger, came December 6, 1893, and when Main street and Greenwood avenue were graded and paved a meeting of the congregation was held January 16, 1897, and it was decided to grade the church lot, and the succeeding day men and teams were at work ; during the following year a meeting of the congregation was held to devise methods for erecting a new church building. The entire charge of the work was placed in pastor’s the hands, and his fidelity and adaptability for the commission is evinced in the beautiful structure which was erected under his supervision. The corner-stone was laid Sunday. July 10. 1898, by Rt. Rev. John A. Watterson, D. D., bishop of Columbus, succeeding an imposing parade of resident and visiting church societies, and December 11, 1898, the same eminent prelate blessed a large bell, weighing 2,600 pounds, which was christened "St. Anthony,” the gift of the tireless pastor. The building is in the Romanesque style of architecture, similar to St. Peterls. at Rome, and St. Mark's, at Venice, and covers an area of 80 by 118 feet ; the exterior finish is mottled brick with terra cotta trimmings, and a large semi-circular panel, in inlaid mosaic, over the front entrance, representing the landing of Columbus, designed and executed by Zanesville manufacturers ; a graceful dome crowns the structure, and the roof of the entire building is red slate; the floors are of tile and the lighting is by electricity. The stained-glass windows in the auditorium are gifts from church societies, or memorials of deceased pastors, members or relatives, and the figures portrayed are all life size. The dedicatory services were conducted Sunday, August 27, 1899, by Rt. Rev. Leo Haird, D. D., 0. B., bishop of North Carolina; the exercises were opened at 10:30 a. m. when the exterior walls were consecrated and when a similar rite had been performed for the interior walls the vast audience was admitted and high mass was celebrated by Father Leininger. At 2 p. m. a parade of the Catholic societies was had, the first division formed of un-uniformed and the second of the uniformed bodies. The parochial schools are conducted by Sisters of St. Francis, and are in flourishing condition, the average attendance being about two hundred. The school was opened in 1842, in a small frame building, upon the site of the present structure. PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 161 ST. JOHN’S ENGLISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN. There appears to be no real difference in the creeds of the three congregations worshiping at Seventh and Harvey streets, Seventh and South streets, streets, and Sixth and South streets, but each holds to a different system or form of government; their festivals and observances appear identical to the layman not acquainted with the technical ecclesiastical distinction which may exist and which are comprehended by the adherents; at one period they seem to have been one organization and the inception of the St. John's congregation is more logically attributable to a desire on the English-speaking members to conduct services in a familiar tongue. The church fixes its origin at the time of the pastorate of Rev. Kaemmerer, who was pastor of the church at Seventh and South streets, in 1820, and who was in charge when the English members formed their congregation, in 1839 with sixty signers, and purchased, for $3,000.00, the brick church formerly occupied by the Episcopalians, at the southeast corner of South and Sixth streets, which was dedicated December 2, 1841, with Rev. Amos Bartholomew as first pastor. From September 30, 1855, to June 1, 1870, there was no settled pastor, and the congregation was practically disbanded ; the trustees held the church building, and in 1869 a traveling missionary learned of the conditions. organized a Sunday school re-organized the congregation, and June 1, 1870, Rev. M. C. Horine was installed pastor; since then the congregation has been vigorous, and upon the death of Rey. W. P. Ruthrauff, in 1876, Rev. Franklin Richards became pastor, November 26. under whose vigilance and prudence the church became prosperous. The old church had become dilapidated, and the corner stone of a new one was laid June 2, 1878, and December 1, 1878. the thirty-seventh anniversary of the dedication of the first church, the present ornamental edifice was dedicated on the original site. In 1904. a handsome brick parsonage was erected in South street, adjoining the church, and the sorrow of the congregation at the death of their venerable pastor, September 11, 1904, after nearly twenty-eight years' service, was shared by members of other congregations, who recognized in him one who practiced the precepts he so eloquently inculcated. TRINITY GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN. In 1844 Rev. George Bartels began his pastorate at Zanesville, and organized this congregation, March 16, 1845, with the names of thirty-two men attached to the first constitution. The original church, erected upon the present site, northeast corner of Seventh and Harvey streets, was enlarged, and in 1866 the present brick edifice was built, at a cost of $30,000.00, and furnished with a powerful pipe organ. Although the congregation is largely German, during recent years services have been frequently conducted in the English tongue. An effort was made in 186o to organize a parish school, and after a brief existence it was discontinued by reason of the death of the teacher ; in 1866 it was re-opened, but was not successfully conducted until 1871, in which year the brick school house was built at a cost of $2,000.00. A local board of education, of which the pastor is ex-officio member, has charge, the expenses being met by subscription. GERMAN EVANGELICAL. Early in the last century Lutherans were accustomed to meet at private houss for religious service, the first of these "cottage meetings," as they were styled, being held atlFourth and South streets. An occasional itinerant preacher was secured, and in 1818 the congregation had grown sufficiently to enable the members to erect a small frame building, at the southwest corner of Seventh and South streets, in which was placed a pipe organ, made by L. P. Bailey, the famous organ-builder of the city. In 1864 the present brick structure was erected, and in 1904 the front was remodeled, a steeple added, stained-glass windows inserted, and other improvements made, at a cost of $4,000.00. The church does not maintain a parish school. GERMAN UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. The original congregation of this church consisted of nine persons, all from the families of Christian and Christopher Bischoff. Frederick Greul, and Henry Veit Bauer. who were formally organized at the home of Frederick Greul, in Eighth street, April 8, 1865, by Rev. Casper Streich, who had been sent for the purpose by the German Conference of United Brethren. The present brick church, 28 by 6o feet. with the pastor's residence in the rear, on the west side of Seventh street, between Market street and Fountain alley, was built in 1866, at a cost of $.4,000, and until its erection the congregation met at each other's houses. The present membership is one hundred and thirty-three, and a Young People's society has an enrollment of seventy-five ; a large Sunday school has always been maintained and possesses a good library. The church has no debt and plans are being considered for remodeling the building. THE CHURCH OF CHRIST. During the initial period of the formation of this congregation the members met at each other's houses, and in 187o an organization was effected 162 - PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY. and meetings were held in Haver's hall, in Putnam avenue, for a few years, and later in a small hall in Fifth street ; there was no pastor, but occasional meetings were held by evangelists, and the membership was gradually increased. Worrell's hall, at the corner of Linden avenue and Lee street, was obtained and the social meetings, with occasional preaching and evangelistic services, were held, and a Sunday school organized. It was then determined to erect a permanent religious home, and the lecture room of the church building, at the northeast corner of Amelia and Park streets, was erected and evangelistic services were conducted in it during February and March, 1888, which added so many to the church and so strengthened its vitality that the completion of the church was determined upon and the structure completed in June of that year, during the pastorate of Rev. E. S. DeMiller, its first pastor, the dedicatory services being conducted June 29, by Rev. Robert Moffett, of Cleveland. Twelve pastors succeeded, with occasional short periods, when the congregation was without a head, until July 13, 1902, when the present pastor, Rev. Asa McDaniel, began his labors, during which the church has been repaired interiorly, and the society brought to a condition of financial freedom and comfort. CONGREGATIONALISM. First Congregational church. During 1884 a number of persons met at the home of L. D. Dillon to consider the expediency of forming a new religious society : two succeeding meetings were held at the residence of W. E. Atwell, M. D., and November 13 a fourth was held at Mr. Dillon's ; at a meeting one week later, an invitation was extended to Rev. E. I. Jones, of Newark, to address a meeting in the probate court room, November 28, which he complied with, and after an explanation of the doctrines and usages of Congregationalism, it was unanimously "Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that it is expedient to organize a Congregational church in this city." Rev. A. C. Barrows, of Kent, Ohio, was invited to attend a meeting in Odd Fellows' hall. December 4, which he did, and on the following evening preached in the probate court room: temporary officers were chosen and the home of Mr. Dillon was selected for weekly praper and business meetings. The first Sunday services were held January 4, 1885, at 10:45 a. m., and January 7 permanent officers were chosen and the name, "The First Congregational Church of Zanesville," unanimously approved for the organization. A Sunday school was organized January 11, 1885, and February 11 an ecclesiastical council was ordered to assemble in Odd Fellows' hall, February 24, which was attended by six clerical and four lay delegates, when Dr. G. M. Weller stated the reasons for desiring the organization of a Congregational church and the action already taken thereon ; the council unanimously approved the action, and the new church began with forty members. Services were held in Odd Fellows’ hall, Black's Music hall, a room over Weller’s drug store, Second Presbyterian church, and in room in the market house. Rev. George D. Herron, D. D., was first pastor, and two years later was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Clayton, under whose pastorate a lot was purchase at the southwest corner of Sixth street and Cyprus alley, and a brick church building erected in 1888, at a cost of $6,500.00. Succeeding pastors have been : Revs. D. I. Jones, Carlos H. Hnks, J. Addison Seibert, J. Alexander Jenkins, and Charles H. Couch. Second Congregational church was organized about 1898, in the Union Sunday School building at Wortleyls station, on the Adamsville road, and was disbanded in March, 1905, with a membership of about forty members. Services were held in the Sunday "School building under Revs. Fred. C. Smith and Charles E. Keller, but the neighborhood was unable to sustain the organization. WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH. The African Wesleyan Methodist church was organized July 24, 1875, and occupied a frame building in Moorehead avenue, east of Blue avenue. erected in 1887 : when the congregation dissolved it came into possession of the Wesleyan Methodists, and is known as the "Union Mission." It has no connection with the Salvation Army, but its labors are in the same field of evangelical work. FREE METHODIST. Tent meetings were held in the Seventh ward, and the number of accesions was so encouraging that in 1901 a combined frame church and pastor's residence was erected in Clover stree. HEBREW CONGREGATIONS. K'neseth Israel. Sunday, September 20, 1868, Wolf Dryfus, Rudolph Shonfield, Michael Steinfeld, Max Cahen, J. L. Dryfus, Meyer Shonfield, Jacob Shonfield, Benjamin S. Dryfus, Herman Weber, Jacob Wollner, Simon Goodman, L. Kraus, A. Kohn, Adolphus Hartman, W. Freedman and L. Freedman assembled at Nevitt’s hall to form a Hebrew congregation. Wolf Dryfus, presided, and B. S. Dryfus acted as secretary; M. Steinfeld and B. S. Dryfus were appointed to draft a constitution and by laws, which were re- PAST AND PRESENT OF MUSKINGUM COUNTY - 163 ported September 27, and adopted, and a permanent organization effected with Wolf Dryfus, president; M. Steinfeld, vice president ; Max Cahan, treasurer; B. S. Dryfus, secretary ; W. Freedman, J. L. Dryfus and R. Shonfield, trustees. In March, 1869, a teacher was obtained and in August the society was incorporated, and October 5, 1873, became a member of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Meetings were held in the Nevitt building, northwest corner, and the Stevens builder of Main and Seventh streets, and at present assemblies are held in the hall in the east end of second floor of the Richards’ building, southwest corner Market and Fourth streets. The society is owner of the Hebrew cemetery, three miles west of the city, on the National road. Beth Abraham, the Hungarian Benevolent Society war organized in 1874, and met at Main and Seventh streets; about 1895-6 it was converted into a religious body, and erected a frame tabernacle in north Sixth street, near Howard, which is known as Beth Abraham. Rodef Sholom is an orthodox Hebrew congregation which was organized about 1882, and maintains the strict Mosaic practice. and holds its meeting at Main and Seventh streets. ST. PAUL’S AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The organization of this congregation is attributable to Henry Adkinson and Samuel Gazaway; the former was a minister. and lived on the east side of Seveneth street, between Market street and Fountain alley, adjoining the home later occupied by one Fielding. at whose home the society is alleged to have been formed. Fielding was a runaway slabe, not interested in church work and was not a resident of the city when Adkinson and Gasaway organized the congregation in 1822-3. Adkinson’s name appears prominently and frequently in the early records of the A. M. E. church, but Fielding’s never. Shortly after organization, services were held in a small building in Canal Street, and the first church was a small brick, near the river bank, between Sixth and Seventh streets; the congregation then moved to the frame school house, on Putnam Hill, and from there into a frame erected in Ninth street, near South, were a Sunday school was organized; a few years later the small brick church, formerly occupied by the Methodist Protestants, or Radicals, at the northeast corner of South street and Potter alley, was purchased and upon this site, in 1876, the present brick building forty-five by sixty-five feet, was erected, at a cost of $7,000.00. AFRICAN WESLEYAN METHODIST. Sixteen members of the above mentioned congregation withdrew and organized the African Wesleyan Methodist church, July 24, 1875, by authority of the Miami conference. The first religious meetings were held in the Seventh ward school house, from which a removal was made to Best's hall, northwest corner of Main street and Potter alley, and later a frame was built, twenty- two by thirty feet, in the Seventh ward, at a cost of $600.00 ; the last pastor was Joseph Bane, who died about 1885.