300 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. former of whom was born in Frederick county, Md., February 14, 1814, and in 1832 migrated to York township with his parents, Daniel and Elizabeth (Zumbrin) Rife. Here, January 1, 1839, he married Mary Longwell, only daughter of Robert and Lucinda (Butler) Longwell, who were among the earliest settlers of the township, and who died here soon after. Mrs. Rife is still living at the old homestead. To Mr. and Mrs. Richards have been born six children, as follows: Emily, born October 3o, 1862, married April 7, 1886, to George Bemis, and is the mother of one child—Edna; Carrie, born October 25, 1865, died October 1o, 1891; Bertha, born January 3o, 1867, married September 19, 1894, to James A. Lewis; Charles R., born December 13, 1868, married Helen Gile, and has one child—Karl; Mary L., born December 14, 1870, is at home; William H., born September 18, 1872, was married September 24, 1895, to Miss Dora Guinall. Emily and Mary are graduates of the Clyde High School, and Bertha attended school at Clyde and Green Spring; Carrie attended school at Clyde and Green Spring, and also at Ada Normal School; Charles and William were students at Ada Normal School. There are few families in Sandusky county so thoroughly educated as that of Mr. Richards. After his marriage our subject settled on the farm, and in addition to the farming operations he did business at Clyde as partner in a grocery store. He was a member of Company B, One Hundred and Sixty-ninth O.V. I., which was called out during the summer of 1864 to do military duty at Washington and Fort Ethan Allen. In 1865 Mr. Richards began the manufacture of brick and tile, and he has ever since been extensively engaged in that important industry. Last year he burned about 8,000 tile; but in former years it was not unusual for him to turn out from 60,000 to 75,000 tile, besides large quantities of brick. There was an active market for all he could make. During this time he has also tilled his excellent farm of la) acres. In politics Mr. Richards usually votes the Republican ticket, but he is non-partisan, especially in local matters. Socially he is a Mason, and also a member of the Grange. His son, William H., is a member of the Sons of Veterans. Mr. Richards is one of the peace-loving, industrious and capable farmers of York township, and his friends are as numerous as his acquaintances. CHARLES H. WELCH, a painstaking and eminently successful agriculturist and fruit grower of York township, Sandusky county, is a son of Ebenezer and Mary Lovina (Hubbell) Welch, and was born in Lyme township, Huron Co., Ohio, November 16, 1839. Ebenezer Welch, who was a blacksmith by trade, came to Ohio from New York State about 1830. In January, 1837, he was united in marriage with Mary Lovina Hubbell, who was born near Monroeville, Huron county, and they had four children, as follows: Edgar A., the eldest, served in the Twenty-fourth O. V. I., in the war of the Rebellion, was honorably discharged, and died, in 1891, at Fawn River, Mich., leaving a widow, but no children; Charles H. is the subject of this sketch; Alice R. is the wife of E. J. Squire, a dry-goods merchant of Monroeville, and they have had four children—Elbert W., John Clary, Roy and William; Mary C., the youngest, is married to Charles B. Scoville, a boot and shoe dealer of Middletown, Butler Co., Ohio. Mr. Welch died in Lyme township, and his widow moved to Monroeville, where she died a few years afterward. Charles H. Welch received only a common-school education and remained at home until the outbreak of the war. COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 301 On September 18, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Fifty-fifth O. V. I., at Camp McClellan, Norwalk, Huron Co., Ohio. Camp was broken on January 2, 1862, and the Fifty-fifth set out for the front via the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. They first halted at New Creek, Va. Mr. Welch was with the Fifty-fifth Regiment through all their hardships, and was discharged with his company July 20, 1865, at Cleveland. On October 23, 1867, Charles H. Welch was united in marriage with Miss Lovina Hitt, who was born January 17, 1845, and they had four children, namely: Alice R. born August 26, 1868, is at home; Mary Mahala, born October 8, 1870, was married on January 18, 1891, to Joseph L. Royer, of Flat Rock, Seneca Co., Ohio, and they have had one child, Charles Lewis; Adelia was born November 21, 1872; and Charles Hubbell, Jr., born June 2, 1878, is in the third year class of the high school at Bellevue. Mrs. Welch is a daughter of Seneca and Mahala (Stafford) Hitt, the former of whom came to Ohio from Rutland county, Vt., in 1836, and his wife came from .the same State a year later. In January Mr. Hitt built the house in which Mr. Welch at present lives, and Mrs. Hitt entered it a bride. Here for forty-seven years she conscientiously attended to her duties as wife and mother, making her home so attractive that no allurements won away her loved ones. In this house Mrs. Welch was born, as were also her brothers and sisters, who are as follows: Mary Elizabeth, wife of L. G. Ely, of Fulton county, Ohio, who has been representing his county in the Ohio Legislature for the past two years; Marion Adeha, who died in January, 1882, wife of George H. Mugg, of Dundee, Mich. (they had three children, Elmer E., Luella E. and Susan M., who are unmarried, and own a farm adjoining their father's), and a son, Seneca, Jr., who died in infancy. Mr. Hitt died in January, 1872. His wife survived him twelve years, dying in June, 1884. Mr. Welch has retired from farming, but still grows much fruit, which he personally superintends. In the spring of 1894 he set out over twenty acres of peach trees. He is prominent in G. A. R. circles, being a 'charter member of C. B. Gambee Post No. 33. In adhering to the Republican party, he believes he is furthering the interests of the country. For more than fifteen years he has held the office of township clerk. Mrs. Welch is a member of the Congregational Church at Bellevue. CHRISTIAN SCHWARZ, a prosperous farmer of Washington township, Sandusky county, is the owner of a valuable tract of land, which is under a high state of cultivation, and improved with good buildings, well-kept fences and all the accessories of a model farm. He is engaged in raising those grains best adapted to this climate, and keeps on hand enough stock for his own use. Possessing good business ability, his able. management has brought to him a comfortable competence, and to-day he is numbered among the substantial farmers of Washington township. Mr. Schwarz was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, December 2, 1842, and is a son of Christian and Margaret (Voelm) Schwarz, farming people, who, in 185i, emigrated. to America. On reaching the shores of the New World they came direct. to Sandusky, Ohio, but Soon removed to Washington township, Sandusky county. In 1853 the father purchased 134 acres of land, and later added other tracts to it, at one time forty acres, at another one hundred acres, and subsequently seventy-six acres. He prospered in his undertakings, and his success was the just reward of his own labors. His death occurred June 18, 1892, when he had attained the age of seventy-five years; his wife still survives him, and is now liv- 302 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ing in Hessville, Ohio. The family of this worthy couple were as follows: Catherina, now the wife of John Balseiser (a farmer of Washington township), and the mother of twelve children; Carolina, who died in Germany; Leonard, a resident farmer of Sandusky county, and who has seven children; August, who died in infancy; Laura, wife of Daniel Auxter, a farmer of Washington township, Sandusky county, by whom she has twelve children; Reckie, wife of Charles Thayer (proprietor of a hotel in Hessville), by whom she has nine children; Henry, also an agriculturist of Washington township; Louisa, wife of Jacob Ansted, a farmer of Ottawa county (they had eight children, but one is now deceased). Our subject spent the first nine years of his life in the Fatherland, and then came with his parents on their emigration to America. He completed his studies in German after his arrival in this country, but speaks English very fluently. He never left his parents, always giving his father the benefit of his services, and today he is the owner of the farm upon which they located forty-two years ago. On December 11, 1872, he was united in marriage with Miss Catherina P. Myers, daughter of John P. and Catherina M. (Deal) Myers, whose family numbered five children, namely: Philip, deceased; Mrs. Schwarz; Mena, Louisa and Mary. Eleven children have been born to our subject and his wife, their names and dates of birth being as follows: John H., December 2, 1873, died June 22, 1875; Louisa, July 17, 1875, now the wife of William Wing, a farmer of Washington township, Sandusky county; Henry, June 13, 1877, died May 12, 1882; Laura C., June 25, 1879; Harmon, March 28, 1882; Louis A., February 4, 1884; Emma M., May 29, 1886; Bertha R., July 10, 1888; Clarence C., January 14, 1890; Alice C., March 28, 1892; and Daniel I., February 1, 1894. Both Mr. and Mrs. Schwarz are members of the Lutheran Church, and are highly respected people who hold an enviable position in social circles in this locality. In his political views he is a stalwart Democrat, warmly advocating the principles of his party, and several times has he been honored with public office, having served as school director and road supervisor, while for three years he was trustee. OLIVER M. MALLERNEE, an active and highly respected farmer and business man of Clyde, was born in Harrison county, Ohio March 14, 1836, son of William and Lydia (Burton) Mallernee. William Mallernee was born in Maryland in 1807. His father, Emanuel, was a native of France, who, when he emigrated to America, first settled in Maryland, and afterward came to Harrison county, Ohio, where he died leaving eight children, as follows: William, father of Oliver M. ; Levi, who died in Harrison county; Mathias, a stockdealer and farmer of Harrison, and once a hotel-keeper at Cadiz; Quillow, a " forty " miner, who died in Harrison county; Lewis, now of Harrison county; Emanuel, who left home young and has never been heard from since; Mary Ann; widow of William Richardson, of Harrison county; and Elizabeth. William Mallernee was a boy when his parents migrated from Maryland to Harrison county, Ohio. He there learned the cooper's trade, and married Lydia Burton, who was born in Nottingham township, Harrison county, daughter of Thomas Burton, a native of Scotland, and a man of unusual physical strength. He made his home in Harrison county. In his earlier life William Mallernee was a successful cooper, and did some trading as far south as New Orleans, La. In later life, or after 1840, he was a farmer. In politics he was a Democrat, and in religious faith a Baptist. He died December 21, 1887; his wife in 1845. They had COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 303 eight children, as follows: Ezra, of New Philadelphia; Hannah, married and living in Harrison county; Thomas, of Oklahoma; Henry, of Harrison county; William, of Indian Territory; Rachel Ann, who died young; Lydia, who is married and lives in Nebraska; and Oliver M. O. M. Mallernee, the subject proper of this sketch, worked on a farm in Harrison county, and attended the common schools until he was eighteen.. He then learned the blacksmith trade with John Croskey, of Hopedale, Harrison Co. , Ohio. Working at his trade for a time in Belmont county, he went to Mt. Pleasant, and to Burlington, Iowa; but finding no work at his trade on account of the hard times then prevailing, he sold a horse farrier's book for a time, then started homeward. At Oquawka, Ill., he found work during the summer. Visiting Rock Island and Chicago in vain, he reached Clyde in October, 1857, via Logansport, Ind. He expected to remain at Clyde only over night; but learning of its rich agricultural environment he sagaciously determined to locate here permanently. Not finding work at his trade he was variously engaged, and finally secured a place at Fremont, where he lived for a year and a half. He went to Fostoria and was working there at his trade when the Rebels fired upon Fort Sumter. Returning to Fremont he enlisted in the Third O. V. C. August 10, 1861, and was mustered in the U. S. service September 10, same year, at Monroeville, Ohio. He was placed in charge of the blacksmith department of the regiment, and while in Monroeville was in charge of the horse hospital, Col. Lewis Gahm commanding. Our subject marched with his regiment to Camp Dennison, Ohio, and from there they marched to Cincinnati, where they took a boat for Jeffersonville, Ind. From there they marched to Nashville, Tenn., via Mammoth Cave and Bowling Green, Ky., and from Nashville they proceeded to Shiloh. Mr. Mal lernee was taken down with the measles the first day out of Nashville camp, and was left in the hospital at Savannah, Tenn., on the river, below Shiloh. In the following May he joined his regiment at Corinth, Miss., whence they marched to Tuscumbia, Ala., from there to 'Woodville, Ala., thence to Perryville, Ky., and were with Gen. Buell on his famous campaign with Gen. Bragg. From there they returned to Nashville and participated in the battle of Stone River. At Murfreesboro they remained until the following June, when they moved out on the Chickamaugua campaign with Gen. Rosecrans. Mr. Mallernee was in the siege of Chattanooga, then went to Woodville, Ala., and returned to Chattanooga in time to witness the battle of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. From there he went on the Atlanta campaign with Gen. Sherman as far as Jonesboro, Ga. His time of enlistment expiring, he returned to Columbia, Tenn., was discharged, and then came home for a short time. Returning to Nashville, he was in the Government employ at the time of the battle of Nashville, and was appointed first lieutenant in the First regiment Q. M. forces, and was assigned to Company F, by command of Col. C. H. Irvin. Lieut. Mallernee was in command of Company F, at the battle of Nashville, Tenn., and remained in Nashville until June, 1865. He was with his regiment in the field continuously for three years, except about six weeks he was sick in the hospital, and he did not sleep in a bed only once in three years. Returning to Ohio, Mr. Mallernee began blacksmithing for himself in Clyde, and later opened a shop at Milan, Erie county. Returning to Clyde, he purchased a farm in York township, which he still owns. From 1870 to 1882 he was engaged in the marble business at Clyde; then became interested in the coal industry, and bought coal lands in Ohio, which he subsequently sold at a profit. 304 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. He has since continued to reside at Clyde and operate his farm. At the present time (1895) he is proprietor of the Clyde Produce and Fruit Co., at Clyde. On November 1 , 1865, Mr. Mallernee was married to Mrs. Mary (West) Blake, who was born in 1834, and they have one son, William S., born February 4, 1868; he attended the Clyde school, and was in the office with his father until he was about eighteen years old, when he went to Cleveland, and was in the employ of the Street Railway Co. about two years. He fhen again turned his attention to school, and attended the school at Valparaiso, Ind., where he graduated with high honors in the commercial course. He then went to Ann Arbor, Mich., to complete his law studies, but his health failing him, he returned home. On October 6, 1894, he married Jessie Babcock, and he is now living at the old homestead in Clyde, Ohio. By her first marriage Mrs. Mallernee had two children—Frank and Emma. In politics Mr. Mallernee is a Republican. He is a prominent member of Eaton Post No. 55, G. A. R., and of the U. V. U., of which he is now quartermaster and has been commander. WARREN J. BRADFORD, a wide awake business man of Clyde, Sandusky county, is of the ninth generation in descent from Governor William Bradford, who came over in the “Mayflower" in 1620, and was the first governor of the Plymouth Colony. The line of descent from Governor Bradford is as follows: Major William Bradford, Thomas Bradford (of Norwich, Conn.), Lieutenant James Bradford (of Canterbury, Conn.), William Bradford (of Canterbury, Conn.), Josiah Bradford ,(of Connecticut), Joshua Bradford, Jr. (of Connecticut), Moses D. Bradford and Warren J. Bradford. Joshua Bradford, Jr., became one of the earliest pioneers of Trumbull county, Ohio, and there his son, Moses D., was born, April 3, 1810. Moses D. grew up in that county, and married Aurel Ovitt, who was born in 1812, of an old New England family. He operated a wagon manufactory and turning works at Braceville, Trumbull county, and in 1861 moved to Hancock county. Three years later he removed to Republic, Seneca county, and about 1869 he came to York township, Sandusky county, whence a few years later he removed to Clyde; he died there February 1, 1894; his wife passed away in 1871. Moses D. Bradford and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he was an ardent Whig and Republican. Moses D. and Aurel Bradford had five sons, a brief record of whom is as follows: (1) Ovitt enlisted in 1861, in Company A, Twenty-first O. V. I., in Hancock county, for three years, and died in Tennessee in December, 1862. (2) William H. enlisted in the same company and regiment, and was killed at the battle of Stone River. (3) R. S. lives near Green Spring. (4) Warren J. is the subject of this sketch. (5) Arthur NI. is a resident of Paulding county, Ohio. Warren J. Bradford was born July 7, 1847, and was fourteen years old when he left Trumbull county with his father's family. He attended Normal School at Republic, and in Lorain county learned the cheesemaker's trade. For some years he operated a cheese factory in that county, and when, in 1869, he came to Sandusky county, he became a gardener and raiser of small fruits on a twenty-acre tract. Since 1881 he has been in the seed and sweet-corn business. He began with one acre, and has since had as high as 300 acres on contract. He owns twenty acres of his own, and has been doing a profitable and satisfactory business from the start. He was first married in 1869 to Miss Sarah Pettys, who was born April 3, 1850, and died January 21, 1889; they had one child, Maud, born July 9, 1872, COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 305 and died September 12, 1874. The second and present wife of Mr. Bradford is Clara L. Pettys, a cousin of his first wife. They were wedded in December, 1889, and by that marriage there have been three children: Arthur, born December 27, 1891; Burt, born in June, 1893, deceased June 6, 1894, and George, born July 4, 1895. In politics Mr. Bradford is a Republican. He is a prominent member of and at present regent of Clyde Council No. 1503, Royal Arcanum. He is one of the most energetic, enterprising and successful men of Green Creek township. JAMES INMAN was born August 11, 1839, in Fremont, Ohio, son of William and Calista (Barringer) Inman, who when he was five years old moved to Scott township, Sandusky county, settling in Section 27, where they remained one year. They then removed to Section 26, there purchasing 200 acres of wild land, where they lived for seven years, at the end of that time removing to Section 24, where they purchased 1 oo acres; this they soon sold, however, and returned to Section 26. When twenty-one years of age James Inman began life for himself, farming, for a time working rented land in Scott township. On July 4, 1861, he was united in marriage with Miss Drusilla Gossard, of Scott township, and for the following three years the young couple lived at Mr. Gossard's, Mr. Inman working a year in all on his father-in-law's farm. Mr. Inman then purchased thirty acres near Mr. Gossard's farm, the latter adding forty acres adjoining, on which he erected buildings and settled in 1867. Mr. and Mrs. Inman have added to the small farm which they at first owned, and now have 236 acres, for the most part under cultivation. In 1875 Mr. Inman went to California, but did not engage in any business there and soon returned to Ohio. In 1887 he, in company with others, put down the first gas well on Mr. H. Lendig's farm, and one year later, in company with others, he put down another. Since then he has sunk twenty-four oil wells, sixteen of which are in successful operation. These wells yielded at first from ten to seventy-five barrels each per day. It should be mentioned that only six of the above-mentioned wells are on Mr. Inman's farm; the rest were put down for others on land that the company leased. In addition to these six he has an interest in nine others, making fifteen wells in all in which he is directly interested. To Mr. and Mrs. Inman were born three children: (1) William W., born March 1, 1863, was educated in Scott township, and was for a time a successful teacher in Sandusky county; in 1886 he was married to Olive M. Fisher, of Scott township, and to their union have been born two children—Florence, in 1887, and Clay, in 1890. (2) Zelora C., born November 23, 1865, was married November 30, 1882, to D. F. Long, of Seneca county, and they have three children—Almon W., Milan L. and Orlo Wayne. (3) Alvin G. was born June 2, 1869, and was married August 2, 1889, to Ardilla Miller, and February 14, 1891, there was born to them a daughter—Goldie Theodorie. Mrs. Drusilla (Gossard) Inman, the estimable wife of our subject, was born November 5,1837, in Scott township, daughter of A. P. and Mary (Cooley) Gossard. She received her education in her native township, and was at home the greater part of the time until her marriage, keeping house for her father for five years after her mother's death; also teaching school part of the time. A. P. Gossard was born June 6, 1808, in Ross county, Ohio. When a young man he came to Sandusky county, purchasing a farm in Scott township, adding thereto until 190 acres were secured; he was a great stock-grower and 306 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. dealt largely in cattle; in which line he was very successful. Peleg Cooley, father of Mary (Cooley) Gossard, was born in New York about 1765. Martha (Basset) Cooley, wife of Peleg Cooley, was born about 177o. They were married when quite young, and located in Canada, where they were residing during the war of 1812. At the close of that struggle they came to Sandusky county, and Mr. Cooley, who was a carpenter by trade, built the first frame house in Lower Sandusky (now Fremont). He split the siding with a froe, dressing it with a drawer knife, and this was undoubtedly the first frame house in the county. Philip Gossard, father of A. P. Gossard, was born about the year 1785, and Drusilla (Plummer), his wife, was born in Kentucky about 1788. William Inman, father of our subject, was born February 14, 1816, in New Jersey, removing with his parents in boyhood to Sandusky county, Ohio, where they settled on a large farm of 400 acres, near Fremont. Here he went to school, receiving a fair education at the public schools of Fremont. At the age of twenty-two years he was married to Miss Calista Barringer, of Fremont, and shortly afterward, in 1844, they purchased a farm of forty acres in Scott township, which was added to until at one time they had a tract of 200 acres. Mr. Inman made two trips to California in the interest of gold mining, in which he was quite successful, realizing a snug sum from this source. He died in 1892, and was buried in the Metzger Cemetery. Mr. Inman's grandfather, Brazil Inman, was born about 1785. The mother of our subject, whose maiden name was Calista Barringer, was born October 15, 1816, nine miles from Columbus, Ohio, where she lived until fifteen years of age, there receiving her education. She then came to Sandusky county, where she has spent the greater part of her life. Her father William Barringer, was born about 1791, was. a farmer by occupation, and was killed by the fall of a tree when Calista was a child. His wife, Sarah (Campbell), was born about 1793. To them were born four children—two sons and two daughters. Andrew Barringer, father of William Barringer, was born about 1759. Jane Campbell, mother of Mrs. Sarah (Campbell) Barringer, was born about 1760. JOHN KOPP, a prosperous farmer and well known citizen of Woodville township, Sandusky county, he was born in Switzerland, December 16, 1824, and is a son of Andrew and Mary (Stoner) Kopp. Andrew Kopp was born in Switzerland in 1792, and died in 1844. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Stoner, was born in I 79o. They were the parents of six children, as follows: Jacob, married Elizabeth Omsler, and they have four children; they live in Woodville township, Sandusky Co., Ohio. Ullrich, a farmer, married Rosie Stahlter, and they lived at Lindsey, Sandusky Co., Ohio; he died in September, 1886. John is the subject of this sketch. Andrew (Jr.), a farmer of Woodville township, married Elizabeth Andrews, and they have one child. Frank is single and lives in Put-in-Bay. Mary married Jacob Grutter; they have seven children, and live in Switzerland. In 1854, several years after her husband's death, Mrs. Andrew Kopp (Sr.) came to America with some of her children. In 1851 John Kopp came to America with his brother, landing, after a voyage of twenty days, in New York, where they remained two days, and then went to Buffalo. They were out of money, and worked by the day about one year, after which, journeying west to Ohio, they located in Bellevue, Huron county, where where they remained about eight years,. working by the day and month. They settled in the " Black Swamp." On April COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 307 27, 1857, John Kopp was united in marriage with Anna M. Kiser, who was born in Switzerland October 24, 1837, and they have become the parents of eight children, as follows: John, born December 18, 1858, who is unmarried; Mary A., born March 15, i861, who married Jacob Younker, a farmer of Woodville township, Sandusky county, by whom she has had two children—Albert, born November 10, 1884, and Lena, born November 17, 1886; Jacob J., born July 16, 1863, who married Lizzie Young, and they live in Paulding county, Ohio, and have one child—May, born in 1894; Albert F., born April 24, 1867, living at home; Frank, born August 26, 1869, died June 9, 1885; Adam H., born December 24, 1871, living at home; Linda L., born July 22, 1874, living at home, and Anna S., born September 14, 1879. The father of Mrs. John Kopp died in 1849, her mother in 1883, and they are buried at Bellevue, Huron Co., Ohio. A brief record of her brothers and sisters is as follows: Jacob Kiser, a farmer, married Ellen Fancmaker, and they have four children; live in Bellevue, Ohio. Elizabeth married George Schuster, a harness-maker of Bellevue, and they have two children. Anna is single, and lives in Toledo. Frances Kiser married Frank Hunsinger, a railroad man; they live in Bellevue, and have two children. Mr. Kopp at first bought forty acres, all timber, put up a log cabin, and began to clear the land. Later he bought forty acres, which cost him $2,800. In 1894 he bought forty acres in Wood county, Ohio, for $2,600, and now has a total of 120 acres of valuable land. In 1891 he leased his land to the Standard Oil Company, and they have since put down four wells, as good as any in the vicinity. When he settled in the " Black Swamp " there were no roads, and he helped to lay out and build several of them, besides which he has cleared over thirty acres of timber himself. He has always had the best of health, and is very active for a man of his years. Mr. Kopp is engaged in general farming, and still does some work himself. He has always voted the Democratic ticket, and is a charter member of the Reformed Church at Elmore, Ottawa Co., Ohio. THOMAS THRAVES. The breadth of thought and enlarged views of life obtained by several ocean voyages, and a residence for several years amid the stirring scenes of mining camps, lumber mills and fruit gardens in the Golden State, must be an excellent preparative. To a young man previous to his settling down to the usually dull routine of life on a farm, the recollection of these events and scenes will often beguile a weary hour, and their narration to others less favored will be a source of mutual pleasure and satisfaction. As a noteworthy example of one whose youth was spent in adventure, but who is now content to remain within the limits of his farm home, we present the subject of this sketch. Thomas Thraves, a farmer of Ballville township, Sandusky county, was born in Nottinghamshire, England, September 6, 1839, a son of William and Marilla (Graves) Thraves. He came with his father's family to America in the summer of 1844, and was just five years old the day he landed in Sandusky county. He was reared with his parents, on a farm in Washington township, Sandusky county, and grew up to the usual pursuits and hardships of farm life in a new country. At the age of nineteen our subject left school and the endearments of home, and started for the gold regions of California to seek his fortune in the then adventurous West. He went by the Panama route from New York City, reached San Francisco in safety, and the following day started for Sacramento City on his way to 308 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. join his brother Mark. On meeting him they located claims in Yuba county, remaining there one season, from June until October, 1860, when his brother Mark returned to Ohio. Our subject was not yet satisfied with his success in mining, and proceeded on to Virginia City, Nevada, to buy stock in the famous Comstock mine; but they had gone up to a speculative point of from $1,000 to $1,500 per foot, and he concluded not to make any purchases, but went to work for others in the mines and continued about twenty-two months. He then returned to California, and worked in a mine at Downville, Durgan Flat, in Sierra county, three months. Leaving the Flat he went to Oregon Hill, Yuba county, where he bought a one-fourth interest in a surface mine, which he worked for three years with good success, making and saving a goodly sum of money. He then went to work in a fruit orchard two seasons, raising apples, peaches, pears, etc., and becoming familiar with the methods of fruit raising in that rich garden spot of the world. He next worked one year for a lumber company in Yuba and Plumas counties. In 1867 he returned to Ohio, and lived with his parents in Ballville township, Sandusky county, where he assisted in farming and dealing in live stock. On October 17, 1871, Thomas Thraves married Miss Armida Annette Dawley, who was born September 17, 1847, daughter of Elisha and Sarah (Brush) Dawley, of Green Creek township. Two children were the fruits of this marriage: Larkin Alonzo, born December 28, 1872, living with his parents, and a son, born September 16, 1874, who died in infancy. Mr. Thraves is a Democrat, and one of the leading men of enterprise in his township, where he does a general farming business. His land has been finely improved, and in 1880 he put up a substantial frame residence. It is a compliment to his chivalry and to the excellent housekeeping of his estimable wife that he did not sleep outside of his own house a single night for the first fifteen years of his married life. CLARK RATHBUN CLEVELAND, a prosperous and. popular farmer of Green Creek township, Sandusky county, and member of one of the earliest pioneer families of that county, was born in that township, April 1, 1836. Clark Cleveland, Sr., his grandfather, migrated with his wife, Jemima (Butler), and family early in the century from-Mount Morris, Livingston Co., N. Y., to northern Ohio. He first settled in the forests of Huron county, and had made improvements when he learned that his title to the land was not good. He then packed up his few household effects and penetrated deeper into the western wilderness, entering eighty acres of government land in Green Creek township, and there building his second pioneer cabin some time prior to 1822. Here he remained until his death, which occurred in 1831, in his seventy-first year. The children of Clark and Jemima Cleveland were as follows: Abigail, who married Oliver Hayden; Cozia, who married William Hamer; Moses; Sally, whose first husband was Benjamin Curtis, her second husband being Alpheus McIntyre; Clark, Jr., who married Eliza Grover, and left six children; Polly, who married Timothy Babcock; Betsy, who married Samuel Baker; and James. James Cleveland was born at Mount Morris, N. Y., March 14, 1806, and migrated with his father to the pioneer home in northern Ohio. He remained with his father until his marriage, March 3, 1831, to Jeannette Rathbun, who was born in Genesee county, N. Y., May 9, 1815, daughter of Chaplin and Lucinda (Sutliff) Rathbun, pioneers of Green Creek township. At the time of his marriage James Cleveland had saved enough COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 309 money to buy forty acres of land in Green Creek township, a part of the old Sawyer farm. For five years he was engaged in clearing and cultivating the land. Then during one winter with his father-in-law he rented a saw and grist mill on Green creek several miles from the farm. He supported the family, and accumulated enough lumber to build a barn on his farm, and in the spring he returned to his farming operations and purchased some additional land. In 1841 he took a contract to grade a half mile of the Maumee and Western Reserve turnpike. He moved his family near the scene of the operations, and upon its completion, five months later, returned to the farm, richer by $600, paid in " State scrip." A part of this he traded for building hardware, and then erected a large frame dwelling in 1845. Meanwhile he kept adding more acres to his now quite extensive farm. He was a sagacious, tireless, thrifty pioneer, and at the time of his death, which occurred September 1, 1878, he owned nearly 400 acres of land, containing some of the best and most extensive improvements in the county. His wife, who survived until August 8, 1891, was a woman of unusual energy, and was in every sense worthy of his ambitions and plans for advancement. She ably seconded his efforts to secure a competence that might support them in their declining years. In physique somewhat below the medium size, scarcely weighing 120 pounds in her best days, she left nothing undone to advance the interests of her family. When her husband was clearing up the farm, she hauled the rails which he split and made the fences. Once when help was scarce she fastened her child to her back by a shawl, and thus burdened, she planted and hoed corn in the field. Her first calico dress she earned by picking ten quarts of wild strawberries and walking to Lower Sandusky, where she traded them, at a shilling a quart, for five yards of calico, worth two shillings a yard. Few pioneer families in Sandusky county have left a worthier record than that of the Clevelands. Ten children were born to James and. Jeannette Cleveland, as follows: James, born December 3, 1831, who reared a family, and died in 1890, a farmer of Green Creek township; Eliza, born November 29, 1833, married A. J. Harris, of Clyde, and died in 1861, leaving two'. children; Clark R., of Green Creek township, born April 1, 1836; George Downing, of Green Creek township, born September 9, 1838; Lucinda, born May 29, 1841, married Horace Taylor; Chaplin, S., born July 28, 1844, is a resident of Green Creek township; John H., born) November 21, 1847, died October 28, 1879, leaving one daughter; Sarah, born September 22, 1851, married Charles. Sackrider, and now living on the old homestead; Mary, born February 25, 1854, married George Crosby, of Clyde; and Charles, born December 30, 1857,. died December 14, 1879. Clark R. Cleveland grew up on his, father's farm, attending the schools of the Baker district, and in his youth worked on the farm. Gifted with musical talent of a high order, he became a violinist of great repute in his neighborhood, and no musical programme, no local dance, was. complete without the presence of Mr. Cleveland and his violin. In 1860 he-was married to Sarah Herold, who was born in Green Creek township October Jo, 1842, and died April 18, 1890. The eight children born 'to Clark R. and Sarah Cleveland are as follows: Clara J., born March 11, 1861, married Oliver E. Hawk, and lives in Green Creek township; Mary E., born September 28, 1862, is the wife of John Shipman, and mother of two children-Dawn and Carl; James, R., born September 8, 1864, married, and has two children-Lee and Sidney;. Willie, born December 25, 1866, died aged five days; Addie A., born August 10, 1868, is the wife of George Neikirk,. 310 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and has four children—Edna, Floyd, Irene and Ferol, the last named born September 16, 1895; Clarence L., born January 11, 1871, married Ernestine Huss; Irvin L., born March 2, 1874, married Merna Livengood, and has one child—Vera Mae; and Herbert R., born July 3, 1876. The second and present wife of Clark R. Cleveland is Alma Andrews, born in Sandusky county, December 27, 1858, widow of H. P. Livengood, and daughter of Jeremiah and Mary J. (Craig) Andrews. Jeremiah Andrews was born at Akron, Ohio, November 23, 1834, and died March 2, 1892; his wife was born April 6, 1839, and is still living. The four children of Jeremiah and Mary J. Andrews were as follows: Alma; Elva, wife of J. E. Rathbun; Ulysses G., of Millersville; and Myrtie M., wife of John Weaver, of Fremont. By her marriage to Mr. Livengood (who was born in Erie county, Ohio, February 25, 1854, and died January 8, 1885) Mrs. Cleveland had two children—Merna E., born March 2 5, 1878, and Ata H., born September 3, 1884. Mr. Cleveland has been a practical and successful farmer through life; for thirty-five years he was also a professional musician, and for four years he was proprietor of a hall where the Terpsichorean art was frequently practiced to the notes of his soul-stirring violin. He owns a fine farm of 115 acres of land, and devotes his attention chiefly to fruit growing, especially blackberries, raspberries and strawberries; but he also raises grain and hogs. In politics he is a lifelong Democrat. Mrs. Cleveland is a member of the M. E. Church. HON. ALMON DUNHAM, of Woodville, Sandusky county, was born May 6, 1824, in Erie (then Huron) county, Ohio, son of Davis and Anna (Weidner) Dunham. Davis Dunham was born in Erie county, Penn., January I I, 1798, and in 1811 came to Ohio with his parents, Phineas and Sarah Dunham, both of whom were born in Pennsylvania. Our subject's great-grandfather, who was of EnglishIrish stock, removed to Pennsylvania from Virginia. The paternal grandparents located in 1811 in Erie (then Huron) county, Ohio, where they died. Their children were: John, Eli, and Davis, all of whom died in Sandusky county; Levi, who went. west; Nathan, who went to California; Jonathan, who went to the " Far West; " Nathaniel, who died in Sandusky county; Mary (or Polly), who married John Cowel, and lived on Sandusky Bay, in Erie county; Sarah, who married B. V. Havens, and lived near Elmore, Ottawa county; and Lucy, who moved to the South. Davis Dunham, father of our subject, died in 1883, and his wife, who was born in Pennsylvania, died here at the age of seventy years. All their children but one were born in Erie county, whence in 1834 they removed to what is now Woodville township, Sandusky county, and here their last child was born. They lived in Woodville township during the latter part of their busy, useful and successful lives. They were members of the M. E. Church. Their children were: Anna, who died young; Rebecca, who married A. C. Ames, and now resides in Marshall county, Ind. ; Sarah, who married Martin McGowan, and died in Ottawa county, Ohio; Almon, our subject; Margaret, who married William McGowan, now living in Indiana; Lucy, also in Indiana; Phineas, who died in childhood; and Samantha, who died in Michigan. Almon Dunham came to Sandusky county when a boy, attended the subscription schools, and was reared on a farm. He remained here until his marriage, in 1849, to Mrs. Mary Allen, who was born in the State of New York, in 1818, and died in 1880. She was a noble woman, and highly respected. They had four COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 311 children: (1) Orren and (2) Orsen (twins), born August 13, 185o, of whom Orsen died when one year and nine months old, and Orren is now a business men in Toledo, Ohio; he married Susan Alexander, and they have one child—Robert Alexander. (3) Mary E. and (4) Franklin P. (twins), born October 2, 1852, the former of whom is now the widow of William Yohn; Franklin P. died in childhood. Almon Dunham grew to manhood under the pioneer influences of the surrounding country. He distinctly recalls many incidents of the early days that are now gone for ever, but he does not regret the changes that have been wrought. He has kept up with the progress of the times, and has contributed in no small degree thereto in his vicinity. He settled on his present farm after marriage, and has since continued to live there, carrying on general farming. He has been an active, public-spirited citizen, and served his township twenty-one consecutive years as justice of the peace and about fourteen years as township clerk. In 1877 he was made the regular nominee of the Democratic party for the State Legislature, and was elected, taking his seat in January, 1878. He was re-elected in 1879, and served two more terms. The Democrats were in power during the first term, the Republicans during the second, and he served on the Committee on Claims both terms, also introducing several local bills, all of which became laws. In personal appearance Mr. Dunham is a thin, spare man, six feet and one inch in height, and, although seventy years old, stands straight as an arrow, and walks lighter on his feet than most men of forty-five. His father was six feet three inches in height, and a giant in frame and strength. He was noted for these qualities all over the neighborhood, and in the early days, when men were scarce, he would often be called upon to go from one end of a log to the other, in putting up - 20 - log houses. Our subject is a member of the M. E. Church, and in political affiliation he has been a life-long Democrat. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Dunham wedded Miss Mary E. Miller, a native of Sandusky county, who still survives. JOHN F. HILLE, of Woodville township, Sandusky county, was born in that township December 17, 1856, and is a son of H. H. and Catherine (Wickham) Hille. The grandparents of John F. Hille came to America when he was a boy, and bought land in Woodville township, Sandusky Co., Ohio, where they made their home. H. H. Hille, who was one of four children, was born near Hanover, Germany, in 1821. In 1855, in Woodville township, he was united in marriage with Catharine Wickham, who was born in Germany, in 1832, and came to America in 1850. To them were born seven children, as follows: John F., the subject of this sketch; Eliza, who married Fred Hudlebrink, a farmer of Wood county, and has had one child; Julia, deceased at the age of twenty-one years; William, a farmer of Wood county, married Anna Ofterstrauss; John, deceased when young; Henry, a farmer in Wood county, married Carrie Swan, and they have one child; and Frank, married to Clara Nickels, to which union one child has been born. The father always worked hard, and at his death, which occurred in 1873, he left 169 acres of valuable land in Sandusky and Wood counties. His widow died in 1882. John F. Hille received a common-school education, and always lived at home. On November 9, 1882, he was united in marriage with Mathilda Leisher, who was born in Germany January 1, 1858, and they have had four children, namely: Wilhelmina Elise, born August 14, 1883; Johann Fred, born July 27, 312 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 1887; Eddie, who died in 1892; and Frank H., born October 26, 1893. In 1892 Mr. Hille's land was leased to an oil firm, and nine wells have been put down, seven of which are still in good flow. Mr. Hille is a strong Republican, and has held several township offices. He attends the German Lutheran Church. A. E. METZGER, M. D. C., of Clyde, Sandusky county, is a native of that county, born September 7, 1867. He is a son of Jacob and Sarah J. (Shellhammer) Metzger, both of whom were born in Seneca county, Ohio, the former in 1842, and the latter in 1845. They now reside in Sandusky county, only one and a half miles south of Clyde. In the common schools A. E. Metzger received his primary education, and subsequently spent one term in the high schools of Clyde. He began the study of veterinary medicine about 189o, and the following year entered the Chicago Veterinary College, being a diligent student; he graduated among the first of the honor class of 1893. He then located in Clyde, where he entered upon the duties of his profession, and has since had a lucrative practice. He treats general diseases common to domestic animals, and has received the degree of Doctor of Comparative Medicine. All his life he has been familiar with horses, and as he has given his profession thorough study, he is having excellent success in its practice. That he is skillful is demonstrated in the various operations he has performed, and he thoroughly understands all that is to be known in the veterinary line, standing high in his profession, and receiving the patronage of the leading farmers and stock owners in his vicinity. On March 2, 189o, Mr. Metzger was united in marriage with Miss Anna L. Welch, who was born in Sandusky county, March 2, 1867. They are highly respected people of the community, where they have many warm friends. THEOPHILUS FITTERER, of York township, Sandusky county, was born in Palmyra, Lebanon Co., Penn., December 9, 1852, the third of the four sons of Simon and Mary (Swanger) Fitterer, who are at present living in Palmyra, Pennsylvania. Simon Fitterer, who is a shoemaker by trade, was born in 1816. His father served in the war of 1812. Simon Fitterer was united in marriage with Mary Swanger, and they have had four children, all sons, namely: Josiah, a tinsmith of Palmyra, Lebanon Co., Penn. ; Rev. J. S., of Bucyrus, Crawford Co., Ohio, a son of whom is attending Heidelberg University, at Tiffin, Ohio; Theophilus, the subject of this sketch; and Amos, who died in Palmyra, Penn., in the spring of 1894. The eleven-year-old son of Amos, William Simon, was taken to be raised by his uncle Theophilus, and is attending school. Our subject learned the trade of cabinet-maker in Pennsylvania, but, coming to York township, Sandusky county, Ohio, in March, 1873, he began farming, and has since followed that vocation. On October 18, 1874, he was united in marriage with Sarah M. Mook, daughter of the Rev. Conrad and Anna M. (Vogt) Mook. Mr. Mook was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, in 1807. He studied medicine somewhat, but never " hung out a sign." He came to Ohio in 1836, and on March 27, following year, was united in marriage with Miss Vogt, who was born in Philadelphia July 15, 1816, and a few years later migrated with her parents to Wyandot (then Crawford) county, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Vogt came to York township in 1836, the same year in which Rev. Mr. Mook came to the State. Of their eight children six grew to maturity, COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 313 namely: John H., now living at Mt. Carmel, York township; Rosina E., wife of the Rev. J. S. Fitterer, of Bucyrus; Mary L., widow of the late J. K. Landis, of York township; Anna M., wife of Samuel Royer, of York township; Sarah M., wife of Theophilus Fitterer, of York township; and Katie S., wife of William Jones, of York township. The Rev. Mr. Mook died September Jo, 1883. and his widow is living with her daughter and son-in-law upon the same farm on which she has lived for fifty-seven years. Mr. Mook was a well-educated man, and had a library of over seven hundred books, among them a Bible printed in Germany in 1768, of large proportions and weighing over twenty-five pounds; also a copy of the Koran, which is of great value, as it is one of a very rare edition. This library was given to the children, and it was expressly stated in the will that no books were to be sold. In political preferences Mr. Fitterer is a Republican. The family are members of the Evangelical Church. HENRY F. NAYLOR, a prominent and enterprising agriculturist of Madison township, Sandusky county, was born in Medina county, Ohio, July 9, 1842, a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Uhler) Naylor. Our subject attended the schools of the district where he was born, his education being necessarily limited, as he had to commence work early in life. Up to his twenty-second year he was employed as a farm laborer, with the exception of some twelve months he was engaged on a railroad, and he then, in May, 1864, enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Sixty-sixth O. V. I., Col. James G. Blake, of Medina county, commanding. His company was stationed at Fort Richardson, and was engaged in the construction of several forts, including Fort Allen, but was never called into active service, and September I 5, 1864, it returned to Cleveland, where Mr. Naylor received his discharge. Returning to Medina county, he remained there but a short time, and then came to Madison township, Sandusky county, settling on forty acres of wild, timber-covered land. Here he at once built himself a log cabin, in which his faithful, self-sacrificing wife was content to share with him all the cares and vicissitudes incident to a wild pioneer life, far away from friends and family. Mr. Naylor, with an earnest desire to accomplish the task which he had before him, set to work with a will to clear the forest, and hew out a space for cultivation, so that ere long he succeeded in transforming the wilderness into waving fields of grain and billowy clover meadows. By and by he added to this purchase another forty acres of timber land, which he also cleared, the old log cabin gave place to a substantial and ornamental dwelling, surrounded with barns, outhouses, orchard, etc., everything bearing the evidence of thrift and prosperity, neatness and good taste. On March 24, 1867, in Scott township, Sandusky county, Henry F. Naylor and Miss Hattie Miller were united in marriage. She was born in Scott township April 30, 1846, daughter of Simon Miller, a shoemaker by trade, who came from the East to that township, where he worked at his trade in connection with farming. He married Miss Elizabeth Hutchinson, by whom he had eight children, as follows: William, a shoemaker, who died in Kansas; George, a farmer, who is married and resides in Michigan; Mary, wife of Henry Van Horn; Jacob F., who died in Wood county; John, a farmer of Sandusky county; Louisa, widow of John Barr; Hattie, wife of Mr. Naylor; and Sarah, wife of John Teeters, of Nebraska. The father of these died October 22, 1854, the mother on April 6, 1861. To Mr. and Mrs. Naylor were born eleven children, their names and dates of birth being as follows: Clara, January 314 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 19, 1868 (deceased September 23, 1875); Flora M., November 22, I870; Frank N., August 19, 1872 (deceased September 3, 1876, of diphtheria); Fleetie E., July 28, 1875; Ernest L., June 29, 1877; Reason E., January 11, 1879; May L., January 27, 1882; Ludie M., November 21, 188o; Irvin D., March 14, 1885; Jay F., November 27, 1886; and Roudie E., May 29, 1889. Mrs. Naylor is a member of the Daughters of Rebekah, Lodge No. 295, Gibsonburg, president of the Aid Society of the Disciple Church, which, under her guidance became a pronounced success, within a short period of time accumulating the sum of $336 in collections and sales of fancy work made by her and other members of the society. In his political views Mr. Naylor is a stanch Republican, but has never been an office seeker, his business demanding and receiving all his time and attention. He has served as school director, always entertaining a deep interest for educational affairs, as well as for whatever else tends to the benefit of his fellow men. Socially, he is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, No. 687, and of the K. of P. Lodge, No. 435, both or Gibsonburg. He and his wife are highly respected throughout their part of the county as honorable, loyal and God-fearing people, whose success in life has been attained by industry, assiduous toil and judicious economy. WARREN A. BOWLUS, a leading agriculturist, was born on his present farm in Sandusky township, Sandusky county, August 25, 1850, a son of Henry and Rebecca (Williamson) Bowlus. Henry Bowlus, father of Warren A., was a native of Maryland, born in 181o, in Frederick county, of Pennsylvania Dutch stock. When a boy he came to Ohio with his father, Henry Bowlus, who took up land from the general govern ment. When advanced in life he was. killed by a horse. Our subject's father was twice married, first time to Miss. Catharine Keller, by whom he had six children, as follows: (1) Hanson lives in Fremont, Ohio; (2) Mahala married Soloman Wolf, and lives at Tiffin, Ohio; (3). Martha, wife of Edward Deemer, resides in Sandusky township; (4) Orie died young; (5) Caroline died when three years old; (6) Catharine married Mat. Hobert, and lives in Pemberville, Wood Co., Ohio. For his second wife Mr. Bowlus married Rebecca Catharine Williamson, and children as follows were born to them: (1) Warren A. , subject of sketch; (2) Anna, who married Cyrus Smith, and is now living at Gibsonburg, Ohio; (3). Henry, in Pemberville; and (4) Robert, a farmer, at Helena, Ohio. The mother, of these, who was born in Frederick county, Md., died at the age of sixty-six. Warren A. Bolus attended the district schools, and was reared to agricultural pursuits. At the age of twenty-four, in 1874, he was married to Miss Carrie Engelman, daughter of Samuel Engelman, and they have seven children, named respectively: Clarence L., Richard, Lloyd, Earl, Ross, Edna and Rebecca. After marriage our subject settled on the old homestead, and is now the owner of 160 acres of land. His occupation is that of general farming and stock raising, in which he has been successful. In politics he is a Republican, and in religious faith a member of the M. P. Church. GEORGE JACKSON, a successful farmer of York township, Sandusky county, was born in Lincolnshire, England, November 1, 1848, and is a son of Robert E. and Mary (Cragg) Jackson. Robert E. Jackson was born September 9, 1812, and is a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Elmer) Jackson. In Lincolnshire, on August 27, 1839, he was united COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 315 in marriage with Mary Cragg, who was born June 3, 1815, daughter of John and Mary Cragg, and they became the parents of six children, namely: William, Frances Ann (Mrs. John Rife), George (the subject of this sketch), Rhoda (Mrs. William Johnson), Clarisee (deceased), and Hermon. Robert E. came to this country in 1851, landing at Portland, Maine, whence he proceeded to Orleans county, N. Y. After sojourning there one year, he continued westward to Ohio, arriving in York township, . Sandusky county, in 1852. Here he bought a farm of ninety-eight acres, on which he still resides. In politics he was formerly a Democrat, but now votes with the Populists. George Jackson was brought to America at the age of three years, and received a common-school education in Townsend and York townships, Sandusky Co. , Ohio. On March 18, 1874, he was united in marriage with Miss Catherine Gust, of York township, Sandusky county, who was born in Erie county, Ohio, September 27, 1854. They have had one child, Frank, born December 1, 1874. Peter and Elizabeth (Hoffman) Gust, the parents of Mrs. George Jackson, were born in Mark-able, Germany, near the river Rhine. They were married in 1848, and came to this country in 1852, landing in New York, whence they journeyed to Ohio, settling in Sandusky county, where they resided till 1874. They then purchased a farm in Michigan, and moved there, which is now their home. In November, 1861, Mr. Gust enlisted in the Seventy-second O. V. I., in which he served till June, 1864, when he was taken prisoner, and held eleven months, till the close of the war. He and his wife had four children, namely: Catherine, Mrs. Jackson; Maggie, wife of Jerome Hall, of Erie county; Will and Henry. Mr. Jackson has been interested in agricultural pursuits from his youth, and now has a productive farm of eighty acres, which he conducts with the assistance of his son Frank. They do general farming. Until within a few years Mr. Jackson affiliated with the Democratic party, but he now casts his vote for the most worthy candidate, irrespective of party. JOHN G. BRUGGER, a successful farmer of York township, Sandusky county, is descended from the sturdy stock of the Teutonic race, and ex-amplifies their characteristic traits. He was born in Northumberland county, Penn., October 3o, 1831, a son of John G. Brugger, Sr., who was born in 1804. Rudolph and Catherine Brugger, paternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch, owned a small farm in Germany, where their son, John G. Brugger, Sr., was born. In 1816 the farm was sold, the family came to America settling in Pennsylvania, and Mr. Brugger once more turned his attention to tilling the soil. John G. Brugger remained at home helping his father until 1827. In that year he was united in marriage with Miss Catherine Arnold, who was born in Pennsylvania, and they had twelve children. Of these (I) Sallie, is at present living with her brother, John G. Brugger; she was married in 1847 to Nathan Forrey, a farmer of Snyder county, Penn., and they had four children—Caroline, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin; the father of these died in 1860, and in 1874 Mrs. Forrey was married to David Goy, also a farmer of Snyder county, Penn. ; he died in 1878, after which Mrs. Goy came to Ohio, where she now lives. (2) Rudolph, who resides in Riley township, Sandusky county, where he has a large farm, married Sophia Moyer, and their children are: William, an insurance agent at Clyde, Green Creek township, Sandusky county; John and Robert, farmers of Riley township, in the same county; George; of Clyde; and Hardy, who teaches school. (3) Samuel, the third child, is a civil engineer in Penn- 316 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sylvania. (4) John G. is the subject of this sketch. (5) Benjamin is a farmer in Tennessee. (6) Mary was the wife of Mr. Vogt, the blacksmith at Wales Corners. (7) George died several years ago in Pennsylvania. (8) Jonathan is a carpenter in that State. (9) William died in Pennsylvania. (10) Lizzie is the wife of Silas Melick, a Nebraska farmer. John G. Brugger, Sr., died in 1856, and his widow in 1870. John G. Brugger, whose name introduces this sketch, has but little " book learning," as his early years were spent in overcoming the obstacles which so thickly beset the path of the early settler in his struggle for daily bread. His father permitted him to leave the farm, and learn the trade of blacksmith when he was twenty years old. For a few years he followed the trade in Pennsylvania, and then, in 1854, came to Ohio, first locating at Flat Rock, Seneca county, where he remained one year, then coming to York township, Sandusky county, where he started a shop and worked at his trade until 1872, when he bought 16o acres of land, constituting the farm which he now owns and tills. In February, 1864, Mr. Brugger enlisted in the Signal Corps, U. S. A., and served under Sherman and McPherson. In the Atlanta campaign, arid on the " march to the sea" the Signal Corps did good and valiant service; Mr. Brugger was with Sherman as he came up through South and North Carolina, and was discharged at Louisville, Ky., in August, 1865. He is sociable and public-spirited, and his life affords an excellent example to the younger generation. In politics he is an active Republican. CARL WEICKERT, a successful farmer and stock-raiser of Kingsway, Rice township, Sandusky county, was born in Germany, May 4, 1859, and is a son of Philip and Catherine (Biebesheimer) Weickert, who were born in Hessen, Germany, on December 25, 1821, and May 9, 1829, respectively. Philip Weickert came to this country with his wife and six children in 1862, and settled in Rice township, Sandusky county, Ohio, where he bought thirty-eight acres of land, paying fourteen hundred dollars for same. They have had eight children, as follows: (r) Maggie, who was born in Hessen, Germany, May 24, 1848, and married John Loesch; they live in Wood county, Ohio, and are the parents of two bright children—Frank and Lewis. (2) John, born in Hessen, Germany, February 10, 185o, married Bertha Kyle; they live in Kansas, and have three children—Louise, George and Laura, all now living at home. (3) Philip, born in Hessen, Germany, November 19, 1853, died and was buried in Rice township, Sandusky county, Ohio, in 1872. (4) Catherine, born in Hessen, Germany, October 1, 1856, married Charles Gray, by whom she had two children—Willie and Katie; she died in Rice township, December 16, 1885, and was buried there. (5) Carl is the subject of this sketch. (6) Willie was born in Hessen, Germany, September 7, 1861, is single, and lives in Kansas. (7) Lewis, also single, was born in Rice township, Sandusky county, August 23, 1863, and still lives in his native township. (8) Minnie, born in Rice township, Sandusky county, September 12, 1868, married Charles Berner, and they have had one child, Frank, born in Reno county, Kans., October 25, 1888. The grandparents of the subject of this sketch were Philip and Mary (Helm) Weickert; they were born in Hessen, Germany, where they both also died. Carl Weickert worked for his father until he was of age, then went to Kansas, worked on a farm for about a year, saved his money, and came back to Rice township, Sandusky county, and bought COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 317 thirty-four acres of land adjoining his father's property. He is not married, so lives at his father's home. He raises fine horses, and also a mixed stock. In politics he is a good Democrat, and in religious affiliation belongs to the Evangelishe Lutheran Church. G. F. BUCHMAN. Success in any occupation in life requires a genius adapted to a special vocation. This is true, in a marked degree, of mercantile business, as there is a greater per cent of failures in this than in any other pursuit, a vast majority of those engaged therein not being possessed of either the qualities or qualifications essential to success. A merchant must understand not only the technical details of his business—what to purchase and what not to purchase, and the amount required at various seasons of the year—but must have a broad and liberal knowledge of the financial standing and the integrity of the people in his community as well; and, above all, his own honesty of purpose, integrity and honor must ever be above question. As a gentleman whose characteristics harmonize with what is suggested above, we introduce a brief biographical sketch of Godfrey F. Buchman, grocer and provision merchant, Fremont, Sandusky county, who was born in Seneca county, Ohio, October 20, 1837, and has been established in Fremont since 1867. His ancestry hail from the gallant republic of Switzerland. His paternal grandfather was a weaver by trade, and worked at that business in winter, living in the village of Dettingen, and also operated a small farm. The parents of Godfrey F. Buchman were John and Mary Magdalen (Kissenberger) Buchman. John Buchman was born in the Canton of Argau, Switzerland, January 24, 1800; Magdalen (Kissenberger), his wife, was born in the village of Dettingen, Switzerland, July 22, 1801. They were married in Switzerland in 1826, and three of their children were born there. John Buchman emigrated with his family to America in 1837, and located on a small farm near Republic, Seneca Co., Ohio, where he remained until 1852, in which year he removed to another farm in the same county, close to Tiffin. He and his wife lived on this farm the rest of their lives, and reared their children to economy and industry. They were devout members of the Roman Catholic Church. In his political affiliations John Buchman was a Jacksonian Democrat. They were prosperous and successful in business, and in due course of time gave a small farm to each of their children. John Buchman died November 9, 1885; Magdalen Buchman died October 4, 1868. Their children were: (1) John, born in Switzerland April 10, 1827; he came to America with his parents, grew to manhood in Seneca county, where, April 10, 1858, he married Miss Elizabeth Steigmeyer; he is now a farmer in Seneca county. (2) Joseph, born in Switzerland November 25, 1831; he also came with his parents to America; he is now a member of the Oblate Fathers, an order of the Christian Brothers, and has been in British America since 1859, where a branch of the order is located, engaged in educating and caring for Indian children. (3) Benedict, born in Switzerland March 7, 1835; he was married, in 1868, to Miss Catharine Oberhouser, and is a farmer in Seneca county. (4) Godfrey F. is the subject of this sketch. (5) Peter, born in Seneca county, Ohio, June, 1841; in 1869 he married Miss Catharine Senn, and is now a farmer in Seneca county. Besides these five children who grew up, two of the family died in infancy. Godfrey F. Buchman, the subject proper of this memoir, grew up in Seneca county, where he received a good elementary education in the public schools, after which he engaged in teaching for a 318 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. few terms. His next employment was that of clerk in a store at Tiffin, where he remained about three years, and by strict attention and constant application gained a thorough knowledge of the business. At the close of his services as a clerk he, on August 20, 1867, married Miss Magdalena Bork, who was born in Seneca county, Ohio, September 14, 1845. This union has been blessed with seven children: (1) Theresa M., born October 17, 1869, now the wife of Charles Babione, Fremont, Ohio. (2) Marguerite M., born July 11, 1868, died September 22, 1868. (3) John M., born July 6, 1871, died August 23, 1872. (4) Joseph M., born October 3, 1873, at Fremont, Ohio, where he spent his childhood and youth, attended the schools of the St. Joseph Catholic Church, under the supervision of Dr. S. Bauer; assisted his father in a store, took a course of study in a business college, and later served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade with Christian Vollmer, with whom he worked until March, 1892; since that time he has worked for other parties; he assisted in the building of the Hochenedel Block, on Croghan street, Fremont; the Lutheran Church at Gibsonburg, and other fine structures; he is a member of St. Joseph's Catholic Church, and of several of its societies-the Young Men's Society of the B. V. M., the Catholic Knights of Ohio, Branch No. 8, and Uniformed Commandery No. 2, C. K. 0. (5) Mary E., born October 13, 1875, now attending Convent school at Chicago, Ill. (6) Stanislaus F., born April 23, 1878; now at home. (7) Aloysius S., born April 4, 1883. Immediately after marriage, Mr. Buchman settled in Fremont, and opened his present mercantile business. As a grocer merchant he is now perhaps the oldest established of any in Fremont. After twenty-seven years of a business career, his hold upon the community is unrelaxed, and he is recognized with no small degree of honor as a leading and successful merchant, and a respected citizen. After his long and active business career he still attends to business with the precision and vigor of his younger days. He has amassed a competency in his chosen pursuit, and besides attending to his usual business he is president of the Lehr Agricultural Company, a leading manufacturing concern in Fremont. Mr. Buchman and his wife are practical Roman Catholics, and have reared and educated their children in that faith. Mrs. Buchman is a daughter of Frederick and Margaret (Yung) Bork, natives of Alsace, Germany, who emigrated to America, and settled in Seneca county, Ohio. Frederick Bork was born June 14, 1808, near the city of Worms, and came to America when a young man. On August 27, 1838, he married Margaret Yung, in Seneca county, where he settled. She was born in France, of German parents, August 7, 1822, and after coming to America in childhood grew to maturity at Tiffin, Ohio. She died June 13, 1891; Frederick Bork, now a retired farmer, is living at Tiffin, Ohio. Their children were as follows: (1) Mary A., born October 17, 1839, died November 21 , 1839. (2) Philip Henry, born January 18, 1841, married Miss Mary Fisher; they are farmers in Seneca county, Ohio. (3) Eve Catharine, born May 8, 1842; she is Mother Superior at Tiffin, Ohio, in a convent, under the title of " Sister Clara." (4) Frank Joseph, born December 25, 1843, married Miss Elizabeth Smith, of Seneca county. (5) Mary Magdalene, born September 14, 1845. (6) Mary Ann, born April 21 , 1847, died August 29,1884; she was a sister in a nunnery at Tiffin, Ohio, known as " Innocencia." (7) Louis Philip, born January 24, 1849; married Miss Margaret Kunce, and lives in Indiana. (8) John Peter, born October 14, 1850, is a farmer in Seneca county; he married Miss Emma Gas. (9) Louisa, born October 11, 1853, died January 7, COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 319 1856. (10) M. J., born October 3, 1855, is a farmer of Seneca county; he married Miss Anna Reinhardt. (I I) Philomena, born November 13, 1859, now keeping house for her father in Tiffin. (12) Elizabeth, born October 1, 1861, living at home. NICHOLAS EMCH was born in Switzerland December 27, 1823, and is a son of Urs and Isabel (Baumgartner) Emch, whose children were as follows: Benjamin, Jacob, John, Nicholas, Samuel, Urs, Frederick and Annie. Urs Emch was a native of Switzerland, never came to America, and died at the age of forty-five, of colic. At the early age of thirteen Nicholas Emch left home, and had to work out for several years. He learned the shoemaker's trade, which he followed for a number of years. In 1845 he came with his mother and brothers to America, and they first went to his brother at Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio, who had been settled there about four years, but did not remain long. He and his brothers bought 128 acres, all timber land, cleared a portion and put up a log cabin. Mr. Emch worked at his trade, when he could get anything in that line to do; also helped on the farm, and followed agricultural pursuits, until 1891. In 1849 he was united in marriage with Barbara Flickinger, who was born in Switzerland January 5, 1823, and they were the parents of children as follows: (1) Mary, born November 24, 185o, married Nelson Klink September 15, 1872, by whom she had three children-Bruce, Roy and Loyd, the last named dying in September, 1893, aged twelve years. (2) Gottfried, born December I 0, 1851, is still single. (3) Solomon, born January 19, 1854, married Caroline Shriner March 18, 1880, and they have three children-Bertha, Edward and Charley. (4) Caroline, born May Jo, 1855, married John Klink June 28, 1874, and they have four children-Orma, Lilly, Julia and Bessie. The mother of this family, Barbara (Flickinger) Emch, died June 18, 1856, aged thirty-three years, six months, On November I, 1858, Nicholas Emch was married to Rosanna Flickinger, who was born in Switzerland June 18, 1836, and children as follows were the result of their union: William, now a farmer of Woodville township, Sandusky county, born December 13, 1859, and married Josephine Snyder on November 27, 1881, by whom he had two children-August and Carrie; Sophia, born September 7, 1861, married Frank Miller, and they have four children-Bertha, Elmer, Clarence and Grace (they reside in Woodville, Sandusky county); Nicholas, Jr., born November 26, 1865, is single and lives at home, Joseph, born March 16, 1868; Ettie, born May 16, 1870, married John Kopp on May 3, 1894, and they live in Woodville, Sandusky county; Louisa, born May 17, 1876, and George, born December 4, 1877. Rosanna Flickinger, now Mrs. Nicholas Emch, came to America with her parents in 1847. They located in Ohio, rented land for several years, then bought forty acres and built themselves a home, where they passed their remaining days. Mr. Flickinger died October 17, 1854, at the age of sixty-five; and his wife April 16, 1863, at the age of seventy-one. In 1890, Mr. Emch leased his land to the Standard Oil Company, and they have since put down wells, He retired from farming in 1891, and his sons now operate the place. COLONEL WILLIAM C. LEFEVER is justly regarded as one of the leading citizens of Sandusky county, and in the vicinity of Clyde, where he owns one of the finest country residences in northwestern Ohio, a model of every comfort and lavish ele- 320 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. gance, he socially and politically ranks pre-eminent. He was born in Sandusky county May 14, 1836, son of John and Rachel (Swope) LeFever, the former of whom was born in Lancaster, Penn., December 4, 1813, son of John LeFever, Sr., who was of French extraction, migrating with his family to Fayette county, Ohio, early in the century. In 1832 John LeFever, Jr., moved to Fremont, Sandusky county, and two years later he entered government land in Green Creek township, cleared it and followed farming until 1865, when he moved to Clyde, and died there December 27, 189o. He was in politics a Republican, and in religious belief a Methodist. His wife died in the prime of life. She was of Pennsylvania birth and family. The children of John and Rachel LeFever were as follows: Louisa, who married J. S. Lee, of Chickasaw county, Iowa; Rebecca, who married Henry Perin, and now lives, a widow, at Kalamazoo, Mich. ; John S., of Green Spring; William C., subject of this sketch; J. D. , a resident of Sandusky county; Oscar T., of Marshall county, Iowa; Jane, wife of Monroe Lee, of Seneca county; May, who died in infancy; and Mary M., who died young. The boyhood of William C. LeFever was spent in Green Creek township. He attended the common schools, and completed his education at Republic, and by a two-years' course at Oberlin College. In 1857 he went to St. Joseph, Mo., where he taught school until the Civil war broke out. He was among the first in that distracted country to espouse the Union cause, enlisting as a private in Company A, Fourth Missouri Cavalry, and doing valiant service throughout the war. In the earlier years he was fighting Gen. Price's forces. He was engaged at Wilson's Creek, Mo., August 1o, 1861, the second skirmish at Pea Ridge, Ark., in March, 1862, and Independence, Mo., later in that month. When Price was driven from the country the Missouri Cavalry troops were chiefly engaged in frontier guard duties. Promotion came rapidly, and the impetuous young Ohioan was first sergeant, first lieutenant, captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel, successively. After serving a year on the plains, watching Indians, he was mustered out at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1866, after service in the Fourth, Sixth and Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry, successively. He once held two commissions at one time, first lieutenant and adjutant. After the war Col. LeFever returned home and has since resided in Green Creek township. In 1866 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Mackey, a native of Chillicothe, Ross county, and has two adopted children, Mabel and Arthur. The present handsome brick residence of Col. LeFever, located two and a half miles south of Clyde, was built in 1880. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of Eaton Post No. 55, G. A. R., and in religious faith is a Methodist. Col. LeFever is a man of high intellectual attainments, and possesses unusually fine business and executive abilities. He commands the esteem and confidence of a wide acquaintanceship. HENRY W. MILLER, now an honored citizen of Clyde, is a descendant of perhaps the first family that settled permanently in Green Creek township, Sandusky county. Lyman F. Miller, his father, was born in Geneva, N. Y., November 22, 1813. When an infant his widowed mother migrated with her brother, William Smith, to Huron, Ohio, and here she remained several years, and married her second husband, Samuel Pogue. She had occupied a log cabin with her husband, distant about six miles from Huron. While here alone, hostilities still existing, Indians approached the cabin, so, hastily fastening the cabin door with a big wooden bar, she COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 321 crept out the back window and fled to the blockhouse at Huron, six miles away. In 1816, after her second marriage, she came with her child and husband to the site of Clyde. Mr. Pogue had been quartermaster in Gen. Harrison's army, and while making a trip from Huron to Fort Seneca he had noticed the hard maple timber where Indians had made sugar, and also the fine springs, and resolved to settle there. He entered the land, and died there August 26, 1827. By her second marriage there was one child, Jane, who afterward married G. R. Brown, a Universalist minister, and the farm entered by Mr. Pogue descended to her and to Lyman F. Miller, the child by Mrs. Pogue's first marriage. Amos Fenn and Silas Dewey had each married a sister of Mrs. Pogue, and came with her husband and settled in the vicinity of Clyde. Lyman F. Miller grew to manhood on the site of Clyde, and had few educational advantages. In 1836 he married Melissa E. Harkness in a double log cabin which stood on the present cemetery grounds. She was born in 1819, of Scotch-Irish extraction, and had come with her parents to Clyde in 1834. After his marriage he began housekeeping on the old homestead. He laid out that part of the town lying between Main street and George street, commencing at Maple and running south to Cherry street. Mr. Miller engaged in general farming, and was also a noted horticulturist and breeder of fine stock. He lived in what is now the Col. Rhodes residence until 1859, when he built on the pike where his widow now lives. He was a Whig, a Know-Nothing and a Republican in politics, a Mason socially, and a member of the Universalist Church. He died in February, 1878. To Lyman F. and Melissa Miller nine children were born, as follows: William G., born March 1, 1837, just commencing a law practice in 1861, when he enlisted in Company A, Seventy-second O. V. V. I., was a corporal, and was killed at Ripley, Miss., June 11, 1864, on the disastrous Guntown expedition retreat; Henry W., subject of this sketch, born June 2, 1838; Mary E., born April I, 1840, wife of Chester Persing, of Clyde; George N., born December 2, 1843, killed at the age of four by falling accidentally into a kettle of hot water; Oscar J., born June 15, 1845, a resident of Clyde; Isabel E., born May 22, 1848, wife of W. Bell, of Copley, Ohio; Fannie O., born July i5, 1853, a school-teacher for fifteen years, and now living with her mother; Emma J., born July 26, 1855, wife of F. J. Metcalf, of Clyde; Louisa J., born May 21, 1862, wife of Fremont Mears, of Clyde. Henry W. Miller attended district school and helped to clear the farm. On Christmas Eve, 186o, he was married to Miss Louisa Metcalf, who died childless, April 2, 1862, aged twenty-one years and five days. Mr. Miller was for two years captain of a company of State militia, having in his command 130 men, most of whom subsequently enlisted in the army. The Captain enlisted in Company A, Seventy-second O. V. V. I., as a recruit, joining the regiment at Germantown, Tenn., January 5, 1864. He was with his ill-fated brother, William G., at Ripley, Miss., on June 11, until, while firing at the advancing Rebels, he was run over and stunned by a Union cavalryman on the retreat, soon after leaving Ripley. After being disabled thus, he fell in with five other Union soldiers and continued in the road until 4 P. M., having had several skirmishes with the enemy's advance during the day. His amunition being exhausted he left the road, trying to escape through the woods, but was captured the next day at 6 P. NI., stripped of everything but pants and shirt, and taken to Andersonville prison. When he arrived at the prison, in an address Capt. Wirz said: " Go in there, you Yankee s— b—'s, and I will prove we can kill 322 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. more men in prison than at the front." This was verified by the death of 13,082 prisoners while Mr. Miller was confined at Andersonville. Of the mess of five to which Mr. Miller belonged he was one of two who went out alive. He had not a cup, nor even a cloth to bathe the fevered brow of a sick comrade. In December he was paroled at Savannah, and reached home just before Christmas, 1864. After the war Mr. Miller taught music for several years, then settled on the farm; and engaged in farming and fruit-growing, his fruit having taken nearly a thousand premiums at the Sandusky, Erie and Huron county fairs. He has traveled somewhat as a vocal musician, and has sung in the various churches of Clyde for thirty-five years. Of his property seven acres are within the corporation of Clyde, and ninety-seven are situated north of the corporation. Mr. Miller's second wife was Maria L. De Yo, to whom he was married September 22, 1868. By this marriage he has three children: Jessie L., a graduate of the Clyde High School, and now one of its teachers; Esma M., also a graduate of the Clyde school; and Harkness J., at present a student. Mr. Miller is a member of the G. A. R. Post at Clyde, was its commander last year, and is now quartermaster. He has been a Mason since 1865, and in politics he is a Republican. CONRAD WOLFE, the ancestor from whom are descended the Wolfe families now (1894) residing in Sandusky county, Ohio, and their descendants elsewhere emigrated to this country from Switzerland, and in the spring of 1804 came to Lancaster county, Penn. His children were: Peter, Jacob, George, Henry, Andrew and Mary; Peter being a child by a former marriage. Conrad Wolfe died shortly after his arrival in America. Andrew Wolfe, son of Conrad Wolfe, was born January 9, 1796, in York county, Penn. At an early age he was bound out to work, by his widowed mother, to a farmer, and he served a part of the time with his guardian, Mr. Krouster, his unexpired time being bought by a Mr. Weaver, with whom he worked three years. His work was hard, but he was kindly treated, and he remained with Mr. Weaver until he was twenty-one years of age. He then went to learn the trade of a carpenter with the Gerber Brothers, who built houses and bank barns in Lancaster and adjoining counties, and he usually made his home with them during the winter seasons when work was dull. Here he became acquainted with Miss Salome Gerber, to whom he was married in 1819. She was born in Switzerland, March 12, 1797, and became a member of the Lutheran Church. Her parents were Christian Gerber, of Saxon descent, born in 1750, and Elizabeth (Medary) Gerber, born in 1753. Her mother's maiden name was Biddle. Their children were: Anna, John, Christian, Jacob, Matthew, Mary, Elizabeth, Salome. When Salome was but a child her father moved with his family from his farm into a large stone house in the village of Basle, where in the basement he carried on cabinetmaking. After he had learned the trade of a carpenter he traveled and worked at his trade away from home, as was the custom, before he was allowed to set up in business for himself. His wife, Elizabeth, was a seamstress, at which occupation she wrought constantly as soon as her daughter Anna had learned to manage the housework. Salome attended school in the village of Basle, regularly, and learned to read and write, sew and knit. She also learned to sing, which was a source of great pleasure to herself and friends in rater life. She never studied arithmetic, as it was deemed unnecessary for girls. Her brothers attended school irregularly, and in addition to school studies COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 323. were set to learn various handicrafts, chiefly weaving, in a large manufacturing establishment. Her brother John lived with his uncle until he arrived at manhood. The children were all brought up to habits of industry and thrift. During their residence in Basle, Napoleon Bonaparte's troops passed through their village to secure conscripts, and the male citizens secreted themselves to avoid being pressed into the army. Mrs. Gerber entertained some of the soldiers in her house, and was kindly treated by them. They stacked their arms behind her door, ate the meals prepared by her and departed in peace. Some men who had hid themselves under piles of hay were thrust through with bayonets. Salome's brothers, in order to avoid further danger of being forced into the military service, prevailed upon their parents to emigrate to America. Some Swiss emigration agents, who had just returned from America and given them a glowing account of the fine climate, fertile soil and cheap land, to be found here, easily induced them to sell their possessions in Basle and engage a passage to America. Accordingly, in the month of May, 1804, the Gerber family took passage in a boat, and sailed down the Rhine river toward Amsterdam. Salome had just passed her seventh birthday, and was delighted to view the grand scenery and the ruins of old castles and fortresses along those classic banks. She often spoke in later years of the famous " Mouse Tower," of Bishop Hatto, where an avaricious man was said to have been devoured by an army of rats in retribution for his having caused the destruction of a multitude of hungry people who at his apparently kind invitation had crowded into his well-filled grain store-house On reaching Amsterdam the Gerber family and others who accompanied them learned to their sorrow that there was no ship in readiness to take them, and that they were at the mercy of unscrupulous agents who charged them exorbitant prices for extra services. While waiting many days. at the dock, weary of the long delay, the emigrants composed and sang in derision a sarcastic song, in German, about the kindness of the agents and the " glorious. land of liberty in North America." This was sung so often on their six-weeks' passage on the Atlantic ocean that it became indelibly impressed on Salome's memory, and she often sung it in later years to her grandchildren. Owing to the long voyage, and the resulting extra charges of the agents, many emigrants. were unable to pay their passage money in full, and were obliged to bind themselves to a term of service, to someone who could furnish money, or be cast into prison. After the Gerber family had landed in Philadelphia they lived for a time in the suburbs of that city, and then settled in Lancaster county, Penn., where the father and three sons found work as carpenters. They were known as " Zimmerman," the German name for carpenter. Here Anna Gerber married Jacob. Mandewiler, and then moved to Knox county, Ohio; John Gerber came to America in 1806, and settled in York county, Penn. ; Christian Gerber, Jr., and Jacob Gerber also settled in that locality; Mary, the second daughter of Jacob Gerber, married Daniel March, after whom the second son of Salome was afterward. named; Elizabeth Gerber died in Switzerland. Christian Gerber, Sr., died in 1815. His elder children having gone from home, Salome stayed with her widowed mother three years, until her death in 1818, after which she lived with a brother about two years. She was married October 18, 1819, to Andrew S. P. Wolfe, in York county, Penn., and they soon after located in Adams county, Penn., where he worked as a carpenter and later as a farmer. In 1831, they took up their abode in Knox county, Ohio, where he followed farming. In 1844 they moved to Richland county, Ohio, where they farmed about nine years, after which. 324 - COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. they moved to Sandusky county, Ohio. They were members of the Methodist Protestant Church in Knox county, but on coming into Richland they united with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, of which they remained faithful members during life. In politics Mr. Wolfe was first an Old-line Whig, then a Republican; all his sons are Republicans. The children of Andrew and Salome Wolfe were: Mary, who married John Jones, and died March 26, 186o; Jacob, a carpenter, who married in Richland county, Ohio, and then located in Bear county, Mich. ; Elizabeth, who married Judge Barnett, and lives in Iowa; Caroline, who married William Galbraith, and lives in Seneca county, Ohio; Daniel M., sketch of whom follows; Sarah, who married Laird Ritchie, and lives in Iowa; Rosa A., who married Fred Gibson, lived in Adams county, Iowa, and died there October 24, 1882; Jeremiah, who lives with his family in San Jose, Cal. Andrew Wolfe died at the home of his son, Daniel, in Ballville township, Sandusky Co., Ohio, April 21, 1873, aged seventy-seven. Mrs. Salome Wolfe died at the same place, November 3, 1884, aged eighty-seven years, and both were buried in Mt. Lebanon U. B. Cemetery. DANIEL M. WOLFE, son of Andrew Wolfe, was born January 22, 1831, in Knox county, Ohio. His childhood and youth were spent on a farm, and in attending district school, and at the age of thirteen he moved with his father's family to Richland county, where he attended town and country schools, studying English grammar, algebra, natural philosophy and chemistry, in addition to common-school studies, and during summer months learning the trade of a carpenter with his brother Jacob. About the year 1853 he came to Ballville township, Sandusky Co., Ohio, where he and his father bought a farm on the line of the old plank road leading from Tiffin to Sandusky City. Here he farmed, and also worked at his trade in company with his brother Jeremiah in Green Spring and vicinity, building the celebrated Water Cure establishment at that place. In 1879 he abandoned carpentry and devoted himself exclusively to his farm of 123 acres, which he underdrained and otherwise improved, and on which he erected a large family mansion in 1878. On December 24, 1855, Daniel M.. Wolfe was married at Mansfield, Ohio, to Miss Eunice Jane Black, daughter of William and Hannah (Cook) Black. William Black was born May 1o, 181o, son of James, and Mrs. Hannah Black was born September 23, 1814, both in Washington county, Penn. They both came when young to Richland county, Ohio, where, on April 5, 1832, they were married, and several years afterward moved to Jefferson county, Iowa, where Mr. Black died in April, 1882. Mrs. Black died March 1, 1879. Their children were: Eunice Jane, who married D. M. Wolfe; Martha, who married a Mr. Ramsey, of Iowa; Orlando, who lives in Kansas; Elbridge Gerry, who served as a soldier in the Civil war, being color bearer of Company I, Fiftieth Regiment, O. V. I. , and Francis Julius Le Moyne, named after his uncle, the noted cremationist, of Washington county, Penn. The maternal grandmother of this family, Eunice (Corwin), was born in the year 1796, and married William Cook, who was a soldier of the war of 1812. She afterward made a trip to Pennsylvania—two hundred miles—on horseback to visit her friends. She died in 187o, three years after her husband, who passed away in 1867. The paternal grandmother, Margaret (Fitzwilliams), was born in 1789 in Ireland, and in 1807 married James Black, who was born about 1784. In the spring of 1863 D. M. Wolfe enlisted in Company K, Fiftieth Regiment, O. V. I., in which he served as second lieutenant, doing guard duty at Johnson's Island, where Confederate officers were