450 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY 1851, and halts were wont to be made at the "Red House" to quench the of man and beast. The "Red House" was built in 1831, by John Young for Jacob Rollabaugh, who conducted it as a public house for several years, then sold to a man named Kling. William Geteney, Peter Friedline and others occupied the position of landlord there later. The place was a great resort for dancing parties, not only from Bellville but from Mt. Vernon and Mansfield also. About 1846 James Morrow built a new hotel—"Morrow's Inn"—across the road from the "Red House," and ran the same successfully until the railroad relegated the stage coach to the by-gones. There was a race-track on the old State road between the "Red House" and schoolhouse, where the speed of horses was tried for many years. Passing Honey creek schoolhouse, south of Bellville, one day last summer at the noon hour, groups of children were seen playing upon the lawn, recalling the days of fifty years ago, when the man who paused to observe them was a boy and a pupil there. Lucy Oldfield, the teacher then, is now resting in the paradise of the redeemed, waiting for the final summons to the home not made with hands. While the boy to whom she spoke helpful words still plods on, finding the road rough and steep at times. SHELBY. Shelby is the second town in size in Richland county, and was first settled in 1818. Shelby is so well known that its location and boundaries need not be given. Trolley line cars ply, forth and back, like a weaver's shuttle, between Mansfield and Shelby every hour, and there is also a trolley line from Shelby to Norwalk and Lake Erie. The intervening land between Mansfield and Shelby may be so built up within the coming years that it will be difficult to :know where one city ends. and where the other begins. The first settlers in Shelby were Stephen Marvin, Henry. Whitney and Eli Wilson, who came from the vicinity of Norwalk, Conn. Mr. Wilson erected a cabin on what is now South Gamble street, where W. R. Brooks now resides. This is the highest point in Shelby and has a gentle slope towards the Blackfork that, immediately south, sweeps around, to the east before turning to the north in its .course through Shelby. Mr. Marvin ,built his cabin on the same day, on what is now North Gamble street.. Between these Mr. Whitney put up a cabin, near what is now the northwest corner of Gamble and Mill streets. The Gamble brothers—Hugh and John—came in 1823, and the father James Gamble—came two years later. John Gamble erected a grist mill on the southeast corner of Main and Gamble streets, and the settlement was called "Gamble Mills," Which name it retained after it had grown into a village. A postoffice called "Gamble's Mills" was opened in. 1828, with John Gamble as postmaster. It is related that after serving as postmaster for many years, receiving but a small remuneration for his services, an attempt was made to have Mr. Gamble removed, the salary having been increased with the growth of the village, making the office, or the salary at least, a thing to be desired. To counteract the movement a mass meeting was called, which was successful both as to numbers and results. The Hon. Henry Leyman was the principal HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 451 speaker. Mr. Leyman was quite an orator, as was his son, N. N. Leyman, in later years. Mr. Leyman described the state and condition of the country at the time the postoffice was established, that the mail was then carried through the wilderness by post-boys; on horseback, and that the postmaster served more to accommodate his neighbors than for the small salary he received. He gave a vivid portrayal of .pioneer life and stated that John Gamble as postmaster had kindly aided the early settlers in getting letters from their old homes and friends in the East; that he frequently went out into the wilderness to meet the post-boy and would lead his horse along intricate bridle-paths into the little village. And after years of such unrequited service the town had so grown and the country had been so improved that the government allowed the postmaster a larger salary, and that spoilsmen were now attempting to crowd the faithful old servant out of office, when he should be permitted to remain and receive a recompense, at least in part, for past services. The opinion of the meeting was so unanimous and its decision so emphatically expressed that it reached the ear of power at Washington, and Mr. Gamble was retained. In narrating this incident, a man, who as a boy six years old attended the meeting, says he was so much impressed with Mr. Leyman's eloquence and looked upon his figures of speech as actual occurrences, and in his innocency supposed that John Gamble really had to lead the post-boys' horses along bridle-paths. How the realities of life encountered in later years dispel the fancies and destroy the pictures created and drawn by the imagination in the May-morn of a man's youth! The Hon. Henry Leyman represented Richland county in the Ohio legislature in 1834-35. He was in the mercantile business in Shelby for a number of years, then removed back to Mansfield, where he died in 1879. His son —N. N. Leyman—once a Shelby boy, was a prominent Mansfield lawyer in the '70s and early '80s. He died in New York years ago. He was faultless both in dress and in speech. No grammatical inaccuracies ever escaped his lips. The town, outgrowing the name of Gamble's Mills, was rechristened "Shelby” in honor of Governor Shelby, of Kentucky, a hero of the Revolution, as well as of the war of 1812. General Shelby was successful in both the military and the civil service of his country, and Shelby town has prospered even beyond the expectations of the promoters of her present industries. Mrs. G. M. Skiles contributed an article to the Ladies' Edition of the Shelby News; of April 10, 1896, on the "History of Shelby," and to her acknowledgment is hereby made for many of the facts contained in this chapter. Mrs. Skiles wrote: "The writer will not attempt to give in detail the history and progress of this Village from the pioneer days to the present time. Suffice it to say, however, that Shelby has grown so large that today it is in fact a city. It has all the surroundings, advantages, privileges, fascinations and 'airs' of a city. Let us look at Shelby reflection in a mirror as she is today. A true picture is presented to our view and we see eight churches, all flourishing and their pulpits filled with able ministers, and on beautiful Sabbaths the pews well filled—rainy ones not so many attend. We have four school buildings. We are certainly proud of our high school building. It 452 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY is located on the right bank of the magnificent winding Blackfork, that flows with its never-ceasing waters through the center of our village, dividing the town as it were into east and west. It is a very fine building with a large and beautiful lawn dotted with shade trees. We are very proud of our schools." Concerning the schools, another writer says that within three years after the first settlement was made, the pioneers of the town, unwilling that their children should be deprived of the benefits of an education, built a log school. house, made from hewed slabs, and in place of windows they used oiled paper. It was here that eighty years ago "Aunt" Debbie Moyer taught the first school within the limits of Shelby. Her salary was nine shillings per month, with the understanding that she was to board herself. This building was burned within a year, and in 1822 another log building was built, but the log buildings in time were supplanted by more modern structures, and in 1874 the present central building was erected. Not only have the schools outgrown their primitive buildings, but they have steadily moved forward from the day when the teacher was required to teach only orthography, reading, writing and arithmetic as far as the "single rule of three," till today there are eight grades and a four years' high school course. The pioneers encountered much and accomplished much. They worked hard and left to their descendants, as a rule, unsullied names. And while there was a hospitality then that present conditions would not make desirable, no one should contrast the present unfavorably with the past. A certain so-called equality may have been recognized then that would not now be congenial. There is a social and mental scale, which, like Banquo's ghost, will not down and can not be ignored. Let the carpist try to qualify himself to fill a higher niche, rather than to drag others down to his own level. Aim higher. "Hitch your wagon to a star." Friendships may exist between individuals and families; or, taking a more comprehensive scope, may bind a whole neighborhood together in common interests, as was the case with the pioneers. The early settlers, as a class, were poor, comparatively. But poverty is not only the mother of invention, but the promoter of industry and enterprise. Poverty does some of the greatest and most beautiful things that are done in the world. It cultivates the fields and operates the shops and factories, and carries the commerce of nations upon the high seas. It sees the day break and catches the sun's first smile. It inspires the orator and the essayist and gives pathos to the poet's song. But while poverty places people upon a certain level, perfect equality is impossible. There never has existed a nation without gradations in society; and it is evident that without grades the business of life could not be carried on. There could be neither leader nor followers, commander nor soldiers, director nor operator. The idea that there should be no gradations in positions in life is about as absurd as to expect that all hills should be of the same heights. Providence created an infinite variety in external nature and a variety as diversified seems to exist naturally among men. A "pioneer" has been defined as a person who resided in Richland county prior to 1820. Within this octogenary definition, but few pioneers remain. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 455 The majority of the people who were living eighty-three years ago have passed into the land of the leal in their journey to that kingdom where Enoch and Elijah are pioneers. In the continuation of the history. of Shelby the schools deserve especial mention. When it is recalled that it has been but a short time, reckoned by history, since the public school system was inaugurated in Ohio, the rapid advances that have been made in both town and country schools, in the modes of teaching and in the :uniformity of text books, is the more marked. Nowhere is this advancement more noticeable than is illustrated by the schools of both Mansfield and Shelby. The first schoolhouse built in Shelby was in 1821, in that part of the village then 'called "Texas." It was a log building, as were all the buildings of that day. The seats were rough benches made of hewn slabs, and slabs placed along the walls were used as desks. In such a rude cabin Debbie Moyer taught'the first school in Shelby, eighty-two years ago. And as a retrospective look is taken at the schools of that period the fact is recalled that it was in such schools that the most prominent men of the country received their preliminary education, which in time enabled them to successfully take -part in the great events of history. Fifty-four years after the school was taught in that log cabin by. Debbie Moyer, a union school was opened September 1, 1875, in a large, handsome and 'convenient brick building that had been erected at a cost of over $26,000, and statistics for that year showed that the running, expenses of the several schools aggregated nearly $6,000. The first superintendent of the' union schools was W. H. Pritchard, now deceased. Mr. Pritchard was born and reared in the vicinity of Bunker Hill, in Worthington township, this county. He was named for the Rev. William Hughes, a Presbyterian minister, who was much beloved by the people in southern Richland and Ashland counties, among whom he labored for many years. After some years spent in teaching, Mr. Pritchard read law and became a member of the Mansfield bar—the law partner of his brother-in-law, Judge N. M. Wolfe. Later Mr. Pritchard removed to the far Northwest, where he became a judge of the court, serving upon the bench there at the same time Judge Wolfe did here. But great as 'the Shelby school building was considered in 1875, it has since been enlarged to. more than double its original. size, and its campus is one of the most beautiful in the state. The first survey for Shelby was made by John Stewart, June 26, 1834, and the plat contained twenty-three lots. The village was incorporated. in 1854. William Hills was the first mayor. He was succeeded by Harrison Mickey, who was afterward a state senator. Gamble's grist mill was situated at the southeast corner of Main and Gamble streets, the present site of Peter's drug store. It has been claimed that Gamble's was not the first grist mill in that locality--that there was a water power mill on the Blackfork, just south of Main street. But Hiram R. Smith, of Mansfield, now in the ninety-first year of his age, states that such was not the case, and he transacted business at Gamble's frequently. The Gamble mill was operated by power, and it would not seem likely that if a water power plant was in operation on the Blackfork, that a horse power 456 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY concern would be built upon the next corner. The surveyor's notes of a county road refer to McCluer's mill site further up the Blackfork, but it was a "site," not a "mill." The first water power grist mill on the Blackfork was built by John A. Duncan in 1839, where Whitney avenue crosses the stream. John Gamble, the founder of Gamble's Mills, was the promoter of the business interests of Shelby in many ways, and was the first postmaster of the place. His brother, Hugh Gamble, was distinguished in legislative and judicial affairs. He was a justice of the peace for a number of years and was an associate judge of the court of common pleas, and served two terms in the legislature. The first newspaper in Shelby was called the Pioneer and was founded in 1858 by C. R. Brown. The next venture in that line was made by the late C. M. Kenton, who had served an apprenticeship in the Banner office at Mt. Vernon. Kenton afterwards succeeded well in the newspaper field, as editor and publisher of the Journal, at Marysville, Union county. Shelby, like other towns, has. its newspaper grave-yard, which it is not the purpose of this sketch to disturb. Much as he is attached to his craft, the failure of his paper seldom breaks a printer's heart. He simply puts his rule in his pocket, goes to another town and makes another venture. In the religious field a number of denominations have congregations and houses for worship in Shelby. The Methodists were the first to organize, and among their ministers were Harry 0. Sheldon and Russell Bigelow. The Presbyterians first organized at Taylor's Corners, in Jackson township, in 1822, but later changed their place for meetings to Shelby. Their new church building is of variegated sandstone uniquely constructed. The Christian church. was organized in 1858, and the congregation has recently built a new house of worship. The pioneer preacher of this congregation was the late Elder Benjamin Lockhart, who was then a resident of Bellville. The United Brethren people organized in 1859. They erected a new church building a few years ago. In fact, all the Shelby churches are new, or as good as new. The Lutherans organized in 1858, with forty-two members, and the Rev. A. R. Brown as pastor. The beginning of the history of the Catholic church in Shelby dates back to Indian times. In 1745 Father Armand de la Ruhardie, pastor of the Tionontates or Wyandots at, Sandusky, frequently visited the Blackfork, and traveling along its shores preached to the Indians. He was succeeded by Joseph Peter de Bonnecamp. The Reformed. church was organized in 1852, with the Rev. J. B. Thompson as pastor. The names of many of Shelby's old-time residents are upon the membership list of this congregation. St. Mark's Protestant Episcopal church was organized as a mission in 1892. While the St. Mark building is the smallest church edifice in the town, it is both handsome and convenient. The late John Meredith—many years a resident of Shelby—was probate judge of Richland county in- 1858-64. Judge Meredith purchased the Mansfield Spectator newspaper in 1836, and changed the name to the Ohio Shield, and later to that of the Shield Sand Banner. He retired from the business in 1841 HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 457 The late Hon. S. S. Bloom, lawyer, statesman and author, was identified with the Shelby press fox many years. While the names of a few of the more prominent men who were identified with the history of Shelby can be cited, many who contributed to its growth, prosperity and good. name can not be given in this limited chapter. As has been said of war: Every battle has its unnamed heroes. The common soldier enters the stormed fortress and, falling in the breach which his valor has made, sleeps in a nameless grave. The subaltern whose surname is. scarcely heard beyond the roll-call on parade, bears the colors of his company where the fight is hottest: And the corporal, who heads his file in the final charge, is forgotten in the earthquake shout of victory which he has helped to win. . The victory may be due as much or more to the patriot courage of him who is content to do his duty in the rank and file than to the dashing colonel who heads the regiment, or even. to the general who plans the campaign, and yet unobserved, unknown and unrewarded the former passes into oblivion, while the leader's name i.s on every tongue and goes down in history. So it also is in local history ; only a few of the many who deserve mention can be named. Shelby, like the other towns of Richland county, had her noble men who contributed each his share in making the county what it is today. A notable personage whose business life covered fifty years of Shelby's history was the late Colonel John Dempsey. He was actively engaged in the wholesale and retail trade for a quarter of a century, then sold his business and turned his attention to his farms in that vicinity. He was the proprietor of the Mohican stock farms, and during the latter years of his life occupied the fine suburban residence situated in the center of beautiful grounds. J. G. Hill was a resident of Shelby from the close of the Civil War until a few years since, when he sold his newspaper plant and retired to a farm, and, for a time at least, has put "thirty" on the hook. Mansfield and Shelby are sister cities, bound together by rails of steel, with amiable relations and reciprocal interests. The old barn which stands -back of the Sutter-Higgins block has a history. Under its roof one of the greatest men in American history was first nominated for congress. It was then the city hall. It has since been used as a livery stable. Few people who notice the dilapidated structure know that it marks the starting point of Sherman's career. The Hon. John Sherman was nominated the first time for congress in the summer of 1854, in what was then called Wilson's hall, in Shelby, Ohio. The building was of frame, two stories high, with its side to the street; various kinds of shops occupied the lower story, and. the entire upper part was thrown into a hall, with a platform at one end. In this hall he was nominated as against Thomas Ford and Jacob Brinkerhoff, of Richland county, Ohio, and Hon. James M. Root, of Sandusky City, who had already occupied a seat in congress. His competitor was Hon'. Mr. Lindsey, from Erie county, then a member of congress who was, a wealthy and very respectable farmer, but whose early education had been neglected. This he manifested by his writing to one of his constituents that he had a new kind of "cede korne" that he wished to send to him to try. The letter was 458 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY published and created merriment as campaign humor, but the democrats came back on the whigs by saying that Lindsey would show them how to plant corn, if he couldn't spell it. This was the year of the know nothing party's first success. It was a secret oath-bound party. Nobody seemed to know anything about how the election was going. The vest pocket votes prevailed; Lindsey was defeated by over two thousand. three hundred majority by John Sherman. The latter even carried Richland county for the first time by three hundred majority. He really did not expect it, though he hoped so. "Old Sam Kirkwood," of Mansfield, who was then a democrat, told Sherman he guessed the democrats had beaten him badly, but in a few days the vote showed up differently. Every county in the old Thirteenth district had gone for Sherman and he had gained about three thousand from the previous election. The Hon. S. S. Bloom, of this city, although a democrat was a personal friend of Mr. Sherman. He relates an incident which transpired when he., was a member of legislature. Mr. Bloom saw Mr. Sherman standing at the bar of the house almost unnoticed. He rose to a question of privilege and when recognized by the speaker said: "I .see standing at the bar of the house one of the most distinguished citizens of the United States, of Ohio and of my own county, the Hon. John Sherman, secretary of the treasury. I move the house take a recess of fifteen minutes to pay its respects to the honorable, gentleman." Mr. Bloom was thanked very courteously for the marked attention shown the senator. Another interesting story is told of the senator regarding his introduction to Joseph Neal who was then a resident of Shelby. Mr. Bloom and Mr. Neal were engaged in conversation relating to business when Senator Sherman came walking along West Main street in front of the building now occupied by. Anderson's clothing store. Mr. Bloom spoke to the senator, and Neal. who had never seen Sherman, was anxious to meet him. Mr. Bloom volunteered to introduce him and together they walked across Main street and stopped Mr. Sherman. The senator was told that Mr. Neal had always admired him and having heard so much about him, was anxious to meet him and shake his hand. The senator was pleased and, as he extended his hand, he said, "Well; 'Mr. Neal, I am glad to meet you. Judging from all you have heard: of me, I suppose you thought I had about seven heads and ten horns, hut you see I am very much the same as other men." Robert Kellogg, of Norwalk, as near as can be learned, was chairman of the convention which nominated Mr. Sherman in this city. A fter being nominated Sherman of course was called upon for a speech. His first declaration was "I am an American citizen." Prominent politicians who took part in convention were: Messrs. Downing H. Young, George W. Moore, J. Smith Eli Wilson, John Kerr, Robert Kerr, S. M. Rockwell, Steven Marvin, Sam Wiggins, Charles Gamble, Hiram and Edgar Wilson and Amos Leyman. SHELBY OF TODAY. By Hon. S. F. Stambaugh. Louis Kossuth, in his tour of Ohio in 1851, passed through Shelby on Cleveland & Columbus railroad. The train made a short stop at the junction HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 459 and Kossuth gave, a talk to the people who had assembled there to see him. The country was not then cleared and improved as it is now, and instead of the cultivated fields and fine homes that now line the road on either side, there were then stretches of Woods, and log-cabins were seen on many farms. There was a strip Of timber. between the Junction and the village, almost hiding the town froth the railroad station. William T. Coggeshall, of Columbus, accompanied the party as prompter, but Kossuth understood the name of the place as "Shallbe" instead of Shelby. Looking around and seeing no town, he exclaimed, "Shallbe !" Here are railroads and forests and lands, but in the future a town will spring up, and in time it 'shall be? a city." Prophetic words. What changes fifty years have brought ! But back of all these lies the pioneer history of the county, in which all should feel a grateful pride, and as we recount the story of the past let us determine to do the work and perform the duties that devolve upon us as our fathers and mothers did in their day and generation. Shelby of today has nom de plume or misnomer of Tubetown, inasmuch as Shelby was the first place in the United States where cold steel tubing was drawn and made use of by the government for boiler flues in building their mammoth men-of-war, torpedo boats, etc., gun barrels, shrapnell. A little ay of less than ten thousand souls, not capricious at all, its churches, schools, factories in connection, with its skilled labor, being four most essential paramount factors. Shelby could likewise be called 'the "city of churches," as most of its church edifices have been recently constructed of the latest architecture; each congregation seemed to vie with the others in seeing who could erect the most beautiful structure. The following congregations are represented: Baptist, Rev. I. E. Moody, pastor; Catholic, Father A. A. Crehan; Christian, Rev. Charles C. Wilson, pastor; Episcopalian, John Oldham, pastor; English Lutheran, H. C. Funk, pastor; Methodist, O. J. Coby, pastor; Reformed, H. C. Blosser, pastor; Presbyterian, W. C. Munson, pastor; United Brethren, P. O. Rhodes, pastor. Were we to attempt to eulogize and bring out the many good qualities of the profession of the frock, of Shelby, who go forth preaching the death' of the Christ, it would make a volume of itself, hence we refrain. The church-going people of Shelby aggregate over three thousand souls. As to Shelby's educational institutions, suffice it to say that Shelby pays today the highest rate of taxation, namely 15 mills, for promoting and supporting its schools, than any municipality in the great commonwealth of Ohio. Its school buildings, four in number, far excell most college buildings in modern construction, from a standpoint of architecture, with an eye single to its heating and ventilating facilities. Its board of education employ a faultless, disciplined corps of teachers in this realm of intellectuality, hard to excell anywhere. The factories of Shelby of today are a legion and will receive special attention later. The indoor skilled mechanics of Shelby of today receive annually over $1,000,000 for its labor, and, it being one of Shelby's essential factors, it is opportune to add that labor is the source of all wealth. The blessings of government, like the dews of heaven, should be dispensed alike 460 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY upon the rich and the poor, the high and the low. Neither should the government, by legislation, take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. It must be indelibly impressed on our minds that all men were created equal. Labor is prior to capital, capital being the fruits of labor. Hence labor is superior to capital. The citizens of Shelby of today are imbued with indomitable will, perseverance and energy; no task too great, no problem too deep to fathom. In the year of grace 1908, with a financial crisis affecting all commercial industries, Shelby of today forged ahead and built three new factories; namely, the Shelby Canning Company, the Turigston Lamp Company and the Ohio Seamless Tube Company. The Shelby Steel Tube Works, owned by the United States Steel Company, located in Shelby, a corporation in the trust, burned June 18, 1908, and by September 1 of the same year its citizens capitalized a stock company of $500,000 and commenced rebuilding an independent tube works. The main building Was one hundred and fifty by four hundred and fifty feet, of brick material, interior steel structural, with powerful cranes attached on tracks, dispensing with much of the former heavy lifting on the former tube plant site. The writer, only a few years ago, made a truthful comparison relative to Shelby of today, as follows: "In ancient days all roads led to Rome; in the present day and age all piked roads, in Richland county, lead to Shelby. Another essential factor for Shelby of today is its miles of asphalt pavements (noiseless) and artificial curbing ; with its fine high school campus, all of which assist in beautifying our little city. The fraternal and social clubs of Shelby are well sustained. The Colonial is the leading club, having commodious quarters. The secret and beneficial societies are well represented: Masonic Order, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Maccabees, Modern Woodmen, Foresters, Eagles, Owls, Knights and Ladies of Security, Ben Hur, Junior Order of American Mechanics, Daughters of America, Eastern Star, Rathbone Sisters. This city takes great pride in Harker Post of the G. A. R.. and its Sons of Veterans. Shelby is well connected with the outside world. The main line of the Big Four, or New York Central, and the Baltimore & Ohio systems cross at this point and give an outlet in every direction. These two systems of railroads, recognized as among the best in the country, give this city splendid passenger service and ample shipping facilities. Shelby has two interurban electric lines. The Sandusky, Norwalk & Mansfield, one of the arteries of the northern Ohio system, gives ample outlet to the north. By means of this line a person can reach almost a.ny city of importance in the northern part of the state. The Mansfield & Shelby Interurban is one of the links which soon connect us with the network of lines to the south.. These lines have been of great service to Shelby of today in a business way. Farmers, finding the electric lines very convenient, visit the city. much more frequently than before their construction. There is not a city, far or wide, large or small, in the state which has a finer agricultural country surrounding it than Shelby. The soil is very rich and fertile, .and the farmers are intelligent and prosperous. Go in any direction you please from this little city and you will find fine farms. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 463 good substantial buildings and highly productive land. Shelby affords an excellent market and for that reason is a great trading center, farmers coming even from adjoining counties. The municipality owns. and operates the electric light plant. The Logan Natural Gas Company furnishes gas for fuel and light at a moderate price, giving all the modern conveniences. The waterworks not only furnishes the purest water in the state, but the mammoth standpipe towering high gives ample pressure in the event of fire. The hotel accommodations are of the best. A visitor is guaranteed courteous treatment, a good table, clean beds and comfortable furnishings at both the Hotel Sherman, George W. Scott, proprietor, and the New Shelby House, owned by Selby Cole. The Citizens' Telephone Company and the Bell Telephone Company give excellent service, not only in the city, but also in the suburban and long distance calls. The city is well governed by an intelligent, conscientious set of officers. C. H. Huber is our mayor ; W. D.. Hanna, city. clerk ; Orville Mott, city treasurer; B. F. Long, city solicitor ; Melville Simon, marshal; John N. Miller and Jacob Gates, night police. The city council consists of L. A. Portner, William Imhoff, William Wise, George Koch, Joseph W. Smith and Leo McGaw. Public service board, W. A. Shaw, Victor O. Peter and L. E. Scott. Go where you please in the United States and you will not find a better class of business men than you find right here in Shelby of today. They are not only accommodating and courteous to a high degree, but are also thrifty and alive to every opportunity, and desirous of giving their patrons the best the market affords at a price commensurate with the quality of goods. In no better way can the thrift and prosperity of a community be measured than in the deposits in its banks. In this feature the banks of Shelby show up well in comparison with those in other cities of its size. Shelby has three strong financial institutions: the First National Bank, the Citizens'. Bank and the Shelby Building & Loan Company. The First National Bank was organized April 1, 1872. The capital of the bank is $50,000 and it carries a surplus fund of $15,000. The growth in deposits has been very marked in the last few years. At the present time the bank deposits will amount to and its loans and discounts to $______. The bank is a member of the Ohio and American Bankers' Association, is insured against burglary, has safety deposit boxes for rent, pays interest in its savings department at the rate of three per cent per annum and issues drafts on all the leading centers of the world. It is well managed and ably officered. B. J. Williams is president; J. L. Pittenger, vice president; James W. Williams, cashier, and W. I. Close, assistant cashier. Its board of directors, B. J. Williams, James W. Williams, J. L. Pittenger, Danforth Brown, W. A. Shaw, H. W. Steele and J. L. Seltzer. The Citizens' Bank, although comparatively young, is one of the best known business houses in this section. It was organized in 1893, with a capital of $60,000. .The bank is a member of the American Bankers' Association. It is insured against burglary and every means has been employed to secure to the depositors the greatest degree .of safety. At the present time the bank's deposits are $........... ; loans and investments, $............ 464 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY surplus. and undivided profits, $......... The bank has safety boxes for rent and a saving department in which three per cent is paid on deposits. It issues bankers' money orders, guaranteed, by the American Surety Company. The development of the bank during the past four years speaks well of the officers. Roger Heath is president; H. W. Hildebrant, vice president; H. G. Hildebrant; cashier, and O. C. Bloomfield, assistant cashier. The directors are R. Heath, H. W. Hildebrant, G. M. Skiles, Henry Wentz, I. Hollenbaugh, Edwin Mansfield, B. F. Long, W. H. Morris, J. C. Fish and L. A. Portner. The Shelby Building & Loan Company is one of the strongest institutions in this. city, and has brought sunshine and happiness into a large number of homes. It has been the means by which many a hard-working man has been the proud possessor of a .home. Since its organization in 1895 it has enjoyed a constant and steady growth. The capital stock, which was originally $250,000, has lately been increased to $500,000. The last year has been the best in the company's existence. A three per cent semi-annual dividend was paid on July 1. The company has arranged a three per cent semi-annual dividend during all the years of its existence, a showing which has not been made by other similar organizations. Five per cent interest per annum, payable semiannually, is paid by the loan company on certificates. Its loans are all made on real estate, with first mortgage security. With the exception of the attorney, B. F. Long, the officers of the .company have remained practically the mine since it was organized. They comprise: H. W. Hildebrant, president; W. A. Shaw, vice president; J. W. Williams, secretary; L. A. Portner, treasurer, and B. F. Long, attorney. The committee on appraisement consists. of H. W. Hildebrant, L. A. Portner and J. L. Pittenger; committee on expenses, H. W. Steele, James Funk and L. A. Portner; auditing committee; J. L. Pittenger, James Funk and J. B. Shatzer. The factories of Shelby of today are a legion. When the Shelby plant of the United States Steel Trust was destroyed by fire on the night of June 18, many thought that Shelby had been dealt a death blow; however, if they only had taken time for thought of the numerous factories which have grown up around the tube plants it being admitted the latter was the starter of Shelby's prosperity, it would have become very evident at once that even the loss of the tube works, although slacking for a time its onward march, would not permanently injure progressive Shelby, or Shelby of today. But why worry about the tube mill? The last sparks of the fire were hardly extinguished before the foremost of Shelby's business men were knocking at the door of the steel trust with this question on their lips, "Will you build again in Shelby?" Receiving a negative reply, they answered, "Then we will." Subscription. papers were gotten out and $250,000 was raised in Shelby of today and vicinity in short order. The rest of the $500,000 capital came easy from eastern sources who were eager to get in on the deal. They had heard of the Shelby steel plant and knew what the word "Shelby" implied. The grounds and what remained of the old plant were bought by the new independent company, and work on the erection of the buildings of the Ohio Seamless Steel Tube Company was started at once. It is only a question of a few months. when the independent steel plant. of Shelby will be grander.   HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 465 bigger and better than ever. The old plant employed from six hundred to eight hundred men, the monthly pay roll amounting to over $40,000. Two thousand five hundred. tons of raw material were consumed every thirty days. During the prosperous times, before the late financial depression, the plant ran twenty-four hours per day. A great deal of the government work was done by the local factory, as it had the enviable reputation of putting on the market the best tubes. The output of the plant consisted for the most part of tubes for battleships, boiler's, automobile tubes, and the new plant will in every way be the equal of the old (will be built more modern, with an eye to labor saving), and its erection will certainly mean a great advancement in the progress of Shelby. of today, instead of the temporary slackening which the loss of the tube plant would have meant. The same intelligent, skilled labor will be employed and there is no question but that the new modern plant will prove a money maker. The officers of the Ohio Seamless Steel Tube Company are : President, John C. Fish; vice president, George M. Skiles; second vice president, Charles S. Hook ; secretary, Howard D. Seltzer; treasurer, James Brubaker; superintendent and general manager, A. C. Morse; directors, J. C. Fish, Charles Hook, G. M. Skiles, A. C. Morse, J. A. Seltzer, Roger Heath, Edwin Mansfield, R. P. Bricker, Charles S. Moore. Next to the tube works, in point of number employed, comes the Shelby Electric Company and the Tungsten Lamp Company, manufacturers of the celebrated Shelby useful electric light, in conjunction with the popular Tungston lamps, since the installation of the Tungsten lamp will hereafter employ from five hundred to six hundred people, which will make it a mammoth concern covering about four acres. The affairs of this institution are directly under the management of Mr. J. C. Fish, president; O. M. Skiles, vice president; W. H. Myers, secretary; W. W. Van Horn, superintendent. Mr. Fish organized the company, and to him more than to any other man is the company indebted for the large measure of success. The Brightman Manufacturing Company, one of the .largest manufacturers of shafting and shafting machinery in the world, occupies one of the finest factory buildings in the country, covering an area of nearly one hundred thousand square feet of floor space. In prosperous times the company puts out nearly one thousand tons of finished goods every month. Two hundred and fifty men are employed by the company, and all are well paid for their skilled labor. The Brightmans are a sturdy set of business men. Nineteen years ago L. H. Brightman, president of the company, and his son, Clarence W. Brightman, now secretary and treasurer, started in a room twenty by twenty feet, in Cleveland, Ohio, with little capital, no trade, but brimful of enthusiasm and latent energy, which has produced the great business structure which is theirs today. G. F. Brightman, another son, who holds the position of vice president, has been a member of the company since 1897, and both sons have been educated in the business from early youth and will make worthy successors to their father. L. H. Brightman is the inventor of every machine used in the factory. Recently he invented a hut machine which completes nuts and cuts them from bars of steel, and through this piece 466 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY of mechanism the company's business has been substantially increased. Mr. Brightman has been receiving all kinds of money for the invention in question. The line of products of the factory now consists of shafting and shafting machinery, and the making of nuts of all kind. The Shelby Spring Hinge Company occupies commodious quarters across from the Brightman works on Smiley avenue. This company has a capital stock of $60,000 and employs about one hundred and fifty men. This firm has branch houses established in New York, Boston and Chicago, and agencies in many of the principal centers in this country and Canada. The Shelby chief double acting floor hinge is the principal item of manufacture. How ever, they also manufacture thousands upon thousands of screen door hinges and various hardware novelties. Their twenty-five thousand square feet of floor space is taxed to its utmost capacity, and it will not be long until the firm will be absolutely compelled to build another addition. The officers of the company are: H. F. Griffith, president; J. W. Williams, vice president; J. A. Seltzer, secretary, and H. W. Steele, treasurer and manager. The Chicago Handle Bar Company, one of the most recent acquisitions which Shelby of today has secured in the way of new manufacturing industries, has materially aided in the growth of this city. This factory gives employment to at least one hundred men, and the principal product of the plant is bicycle handle bars, equipped with stems, of which about three hundred thousand are made each year. The plant also puts up fine steel bronzed chairs and other furniture and novelties such as seat posts for bicycles, wire furniture, consisting of tables, chairs and stools, and wall paper racks for the display of wall paper. The foreign business of the company is very extensive. Large shipments are made to Japan, Denmark, Russia, Germany, South Africa and Australia. This certainly speaks for the product of the company. F. L. Watters is the leading factor in this industry and pronounced an efficient and painstaking manufacturer. C. J. Barry is the superintendent of the above industry. The Shelby Foundry Company is a booming industry, which promises great things to the people of Shelby. It was organized four years ago with a capital of $10,000. The business of the company has increased rapidly, new additions added to the plant and the company now employs about one hundred men and pay out monthly $7,000 in wages. The product of the company consists of light and heavy gray iron castings and a newly patented S. S. Weavers rug hanger for the display of large room-sized rugs in department stores. Before the present hard times the concern was crowded with orders to such a extent that the company 'was compelled to decline further business on account of the rush they had from their regular line of customers. The officers of the company are Robert Greer, president; Philip Rosskopf, vice president, and Wi Liam Wise, secretary. The genius and efforts is to a certain degree due to Robert Greer and William Wise in the great strides which the company has made in its onward march of progress. The Sutter Furniture Company, located along the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, just north of Whitney avenue, is another of Shelby's thriving factories. The company was incorporated in 1891 with a capital stock of $50,000. Sev- HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 467 enty-five men are paid good wages for their skilled labor at this factory. The product is almost entirely devoted to end extension, pedestal 'extensions, ordinary extension tables and kitchen cabinets. Their product is regarded as among the best made in the country and the trade is such that a customer once secured is always retained. The company have a large retail department located on West Main street. George R. Sutter is the president; H. W. Hildebrant, vice president; Fred Sutter, secretary and treasurer. The Standard Manufacturing Company, established in 1904 with a capital stock of $10,000, has a future full of promise. At the present time the company is making three lines of washing machines, the new Shelby, the Leader and the Winner. Fifty men are employed. Their orders have been so heavy in the past that it has been with difficulty that they have kept up with the demand. Their wares are very popular not only in the East but also along the Pacific coast. Carload shipments are frequent to Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Spokane and other western points. The officers of the company are Francis Brucker, president and treasurer; Charles L. Bushey, vice president, and M. T. Love, secretary. Other factories and similar institutions of note in Shelby are the Shelby Canning Company, Heath's City Mills, Shelby Printing Company, Daily Globe Publishing Company, Dickerson Brothers Printing Company, Brucker Lumber Company, Wiggins Lumber Company, Shelby Ice Company, Shelby Cooperage & Handle Company, Schreffler Carriage Company, Fix Hoop & Stave Mills, Stang's Iron Works, Shelby Water Company, Shelby Candy Company, Zeigler's Machine Shop, Houpt Monumental Works, Huber's Cigar Factory, Shelby Pure Milk Company. The City Mills, established by Roger Heath in 1877, is one of Shelby's most thriving institutions: The mill puts out five well-known brands of flour, namely, Bon Ton, Imperial, Paragon, Climax and Moss Rose. They are recognized as the highest grade of goods in the market. Roger Heath is still the king pin. Three of his sons, Will, Bert and George, are associated with him in the business. The Shelby Printing Company organized in 1905, is one of the newer manufacturing institutions of the city. Their business has increased by bounds, and addition after addition has been built to the plant. The capital stock of the.company is $75,000. One hundred skilled laborers are employed by this company. Its product consists mainly of sales books, duplicate, triplicate or quadruplicate devices for the rapid handling of business in establishments requiring a system of absolute certainty. This product is shipped to the four corners of the earth. The officers of the company are J. C. Fish, president;. J. W. Van Horn, secretary; Henry Wentz, treasurer, and O. S. Gauch, general manager. The Shelby Daily Globe was founded April 24, 1900, by C. S. Moore and J. C. Stambaugh. That it has been popular with its subscribers is shown by the fact that it started a little sheet about the size of a postage stamp and is now a full-fledged five-column daily with a circulation of 1,800. The plant has grown from a small building to the three-story brick block located on West Main street, now its home. It has without doubt the finest office of any 468 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY newspaper in this section of the state. R. L. Castor is now and has been since establishment city editor of the Globe. The Shelby News Company, a partnership consisting of W. L. Dickerson and M. E. Dickerson, was formed in 1897. Job printing is a specialty, receivng much of their work from outside points. Twenty-five people are employed. The plant is equipped with the most up-to-date and expensive machinery. ABANDONED TOWN SITES. The pioneer idea of a town site was a desirable location as to the ground, with springs of running water adjacent. But it is different now. A town locates itself, as it were, at a place convenient for traffic or for other commercial reasons. The springs of water with their copious flows determined the location of Richland's county seat, but those springs are now but little used, and some of our people do not even know of them. But Mansfield would not have grown after the "spring period" was passed had not other conditions favorable to its growth and prosperity been developed. Then, too, there was the centrifugal theory that the marts of trade, like the dews of heaven, should be distributed over the country. Later came the centripetal idea of a tendency to the center, to the county seat, to the commercial and political metropolis. Therefore, as Mansfield grew and prospered the country towns went the other way. There were exceptions, however, to this rule,' and the town of Shelby is one of them from local causes; first, on account of its railroad facilities and advantages, and, secondly, by reason of its public-spirited and enterprising citizens. Bellville, another exception, was selected as a town site for its admirable location and natural advantages,. and being on the State road between central Ohio and the lakes had advantages as a stage town, which drew it sufficient trade to foster its growth until the railroad came that way, after which its continued prosperity was assured. There are other towns that are more or less prosperous, but it is the purpose of this chapter to treat of the other class. The first town founded in Richland county was at Beam's Mills, on the Rockyfork of the Mohican, three miles southeast of Mansfield. This town was intended for the county seat of the newly-to-be-formed county, but within a year or two the Beam site was abandoned and a new site selected further up the Rockyfork. That is the site of the present town of Mansfield. The change of location was made principally on account of the famous springs where Colonel Crawford's army rested in 1782. 'There is a tradition that Major Rogers and his Rangers also bivouacked at these springs in December, 1760. It was the water of the springs that the pioneers considered that caused the county-seat site to be permanently located here. The historical associations of the springs at that time were not much in evidence. The site of Richland county's first town and settlement is now a part of the Mentzer farm, and a farmhouse and a Grange hall mark the place of the town site of 1807. Winchester was once a promising little village in Worthington township; this county, but its site is now cultivated as fields. The county records show HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 469 that Winchester was platted March 31, 1845, but otherwise the town exists only as a memory. Winchester was situated on the west bank of the Clearfork of the Mohican river, half way between Butler and Newville. There were several reasons why Winchester was founded, the principal one perhaps being on account of the large grist mill at that point. Another reason was that Newville, the only other town then in Worthington, was situated within a half mile of the north line of the township, which made it inconvenient as a township seat, as some men had to go nearly six miles to vote on election days. The town of Winchester was within a half mile of the township center. The mills—then known as Calhoun's—consisted of a grist mill, a sawmill and a carding and fulling mill, around which several dwellings clustered, but the land in that immediate vicinity was too rough and uneven for a town site. Therefore the plat was made and the town founded upon a more eligible location on the. opposite side of the river, where a half dozen or more houses were subsequently built, and the business of the place, in addition to the mills, increased and soon included a store of general merchandise, a blacksmith shop, a cooper shop, a shoe shop and a weaver's shop, and the village bid fair for the future. But soon that great revolutionizer of affairs and. annihilator of time and distance—the railroad - went that way and the old4ime calculations of the town were upset. The Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark railroad, when extended from Mansfield .to Newark, went within two miles of Winchester, and that sealed the fate of that village. A new town was laid out along the railroad in January, 1848, and was locally known as Spohntown, because the town was platted on Spohn's land. The town, however, was called Independence, perhaps in defiance to Bellville, six miles distant, which was supposed to be unfriendly to the new town. When the postoffice was established at Independence it was called Butler, and the first postmaster was Thomas B. Andrews. Mr. Andrews was a Democrat and he called the postoffice Butler in honor of General William 0. Butler, of Kentucky, who was the candidate for vice president. on the ticket with General Lewis Cass in 1848. The name of the town has since been changed to "Butler" to agree with the name. of the postoffice. Butler now is a thriving village of good size. and is an important shipping point on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. Winchester was named for Winchester, Virginia, where the Hammon family emigrated from. Winchester almost "died a bornin'," for Independence, the railroad town, grew and prospered, while-the little mill hamlet went to the wall. The second grist rnill in Richland county (Beam's being the first) was built by John Frederick Herring on the Clearfork in Perry township, afterwards known as the Hanawalt mills. Later Herring sought a new location farther down the stream in Worthington township, where he built another grist mill and founded the town of Newville in 1823. David Herring, John Frederick Herring's youngest son, built the Winchester mills. in 1840. The building was forty by sixty feet, three full stories high above the basement, and was for many years the largest frame building 470 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND. COUNTY in Richland county. Its glebe comprised three hundred and twenty acres of section 9. Herring operated these mills successfully for a number of years, and shipped part of the products of the same by flatboats from Newville and Loudonville to New Orleans under his personal supervision. After selling his cargo in the Crescent City Herring would sail for New York, where he would buy a stock of goods; then return home via the Erie canal, the lake and stage to Mansfield. But in years financial misfortune came to Mr. Herring. Having signed papers as security for a friend for a considerable amount he had to pay the same, and 'when he saw the disaster coming he shipped flour to a firm in Detroit and let the purchase price remain with them until the final shipment, so that he could draw the whole amount at once to pay the claim for which he was surety. But a few weeks before the stay on the paper became due the Detroit firm failed, and on account of this double misfortune Herring had to incumber his property and finally lost it all. The Winchester grist mill building was converted into a woolen factory in about 1856, but as time was then relegating woolen mills to the past it only had a run as such a few years, and the building now stands as a relic of change and of passing time. The head-race was quite long. After leaving the dam some distance it widened into a reservoir, at the lower end of which was a "spill," and between that and the mill the race resumed a canal-like channel. Between the reservoir and the river there is an island field of about five acres, and it was from this island that persons had to be rescued in canoes at the time of the Victoria flood in 1838. The Hammon family, whose lands adjoin the site of old Winchester, owns broad acres and is wealthy and prosperous. The old-time settlers of that locality, like those of other places, have passed away, and old-time affairs are held in bad repute by the "smart sets" of today. It is a pleasant relief to turn at times from the styles of today to the old-fashioned ways of former years. Old-fashioned women! God bless them; yes. He has always blessed them. They never attempted to improve upon the teachings of St. Paul. They never clamored to vote, not even for members of the school board. It was "woman" and "wife" then ; it is "lady" now. An old English story states that .the wife of a bishop once called at the rectory of a country parish. The servant announced that "The bishop's lady has called." The vicar innocently inquired, "Is she the bishop's lady or the bishop's wife?" A girl once called at a house in answer to a want ad and inquired, "Are you the women who advertised for a lady to do housework?" Innovations are sometimes made at the expense of good taste. It is said that the eyes of the pioneer maiden were like those of a child, being expressive of satisfaction of home life. Cynics claim that now women lose that child-like expression after they get into society; that social artifice, affectation and insatiate vanity that modern life encourages soon do away with the pellucid clearness and steadfastness of the eye; that that beautiful expression which, though so rare nowadays, is infinitely more bewitching than all the bright arrows of coquetry that flash from the glances of even well-bred HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 471 women of society, who have taken more care to train their eyes than to cultivate their hearts. Ootororo was once a promising little village in Monroe township, with a church, a grist mill, a store and a hotel, and a number of residences, but a rival town (Lucas). was platted up the Rockyfork, scarcely a mile distant, and Octororo quietly passed away, leaving only a little cemetery to mark the locality where the town once stood, Six Corners, locally called "Pinhook," was another little town which bid fair in the early '50s to make a place of some importance. Its site was also in Monroe township on the road leading from Lucas to Perrysville. It was situated at the crossing of three roads, making six corners. The town in 1852 contained a Masonic temple, a church, a store, a Wagon shop, a blacksmith shop, a shoe shop and a number of dwellings, and also had a postoffice. The Masonic lodge, however, for which the Masonic building was erected was never instituted and the building was used for other purposes. After a few years' existence some of the buildings went up in smoke and others down in decay, leaving but a few buildings today on the old town site. The location is a commanding one, affording a good view of the Blackfork valley and the Mifflin hills, and upon a fair day the old village of Petersburg., now called Mifflin, can be seen nestling upon the Ruffner plateau, six miles away. Salem, in Cass township, was founded in 1830. Two churches were built and a store and shops were opened. But the place never succeeded as a town, as the Cleveland & Columbus railroad was soon built through the township, but the road ran too far west of Salem to be of any benefit to the town, but it had the opposite effect and caused a. new town to be platted a mile west of the . original Salem. The new site was called Salem Station. Later it was decided that the location of Salem Station was too low and swampy, and another site was selected farther south, where a fine village now called Shiloh was soon built up. The Salem of old is a town no more. A church building is. still on the old site, and several farmhouses are near. The location being at the crossing of the road leading from Planktown to Huron, running north and south, with the section line road running east and west; also a third road which obliques to the northwest. London, in the south part of Cass township, has an admirable location—but whether the verb should be used in the present or past tense is an open question. The town was platted at the crossing of the Mansfield-Plymouth road with one running east and west. A few houses cluster around the corners of the old village site, but the town plat was vacated years ago. Richland, locally called Planktown, also in Cass township, did a thriving business in the stage-day period, being situated at the junction of the stage roads leading from Mansfield to Huron and from Wooster to Tiffin. Only a few of the buildings remain. Here is where Return J. M. Ward committed two murders, the baneful influence of which seems to hang over. the town. Newcastle and Millsborough, in Springfield township, were aspiring villages sixty years ago, but have ceased to exist as towns. Crestline is situated in both Crawford and Richland counties, more largely in the former. Crestline's predecessor was Livingston, nearly a mile north of 472 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY the railroad crossing; but Crestline, in its prosperity, has extended so far to the north that the old site of Livingston is now a northern suburb of Crestline. When the Ohio & Pennsylvania railroad was being built, the Cincinnati, Cleveland & Chicago road did not want the Pennsylvania road to cross its line and bought land to control the situation. This necessitated a curve to be made in the survey of the Pennsylvania road, and later the town of Crestline was laid out at the junction. The Cleveland road yielded to the inevitable and made Crestline its station also. It is not the purpose of this sketch to consider causes which led to changes of the towns mentioned but to simply state that conditions work wonders for the prosperity or adversity of a town. Take Kaskaskia, once the capital of the Illinois territory and the metropolis of the West—a town that has been so reduced in population that the government a few years since abolished its post-office, claiming that the place was not of sufficient importance to maintain an office there. The case of Kaskaskia is cited to show that towns elsewhere as well as in Richland county sometimes fall into decay and ruins. The fundamental maxim in the dynamics of progress is everywhere the same—that the weaker goes to the wall—and the same rules apply to towns. MANSFIELD'S BANKS. From the earliest institutions to the present concerns. A strong financial showing. History of the first bank and the subsequent banking institutions. Founders of the Farmers Bank. The banking concerns of the present day. Clearing house association. The material business and industrial wealth of Mansfield is fairly indicated by those great arteries of finance—the banks of the city, whose resources are nearly three millions of dollars, and the clearing house representing four of the six banks shows a business of $4,982,040.02, for the year 1898. With banks, as in other cases, it is interesting to go back and consider their founding and subsequent history, intertwining the past with the present, and note the growth and development of the city by reviewing her financial institutions. THE FIRST BANK. The first bank in Mansfield was opened for business in 1816, and was located where the Purdy building now stands. The Hon. Mordecai Bartley; who then represented Richland county in the general assembly, endeavored to obtain a charter for this bank, but failed to do so by one vote, on account of a rural sentiment inimical to such institutions. John Garrison was president of this bank and Mr. Elliott cashier. ANOTHER BANK. In 1846 another bank was started by .James Patterson & Co. A few years later, Mr. Patterson died and his interest was bought by (Judge) Charles T. Sherman and Andrew Conn, and was conducted by the latter until his removal to New York, in 1854, when its business was closed. These were private .. banks and were convenient in a commercial way in their day. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 473 FARMERS NATIONAL. The first really permanent bank was started July 27, 1847, as a branch of the State Batik of Ohio, under the law of 1846. This was called the Farmers Bank, and was reorganized as a national in 1867, and is, the oldest bank in the city, having been in existence over fifty years. At the comparatively early period at which this bank was organized but few men were wealthy and a canvass had to be made of the county to raise the required capital ($30,000) to obtain a charter. The following is a list of the first stockholders. The Farmers Bank was reorganized in 1864, and a few years ago was again reorganized as The Farmers Savings and Trust Company, with the following officers : Burton Preston, president; E. S. Nail, 1st vice president; L. Hautzenroeder, 2d vice president ; S. S. Bricker, 3d vice president ; J. B. Lindley, secretary and treasurer; H. J. W. Smith, assistant secretary and treasurer. MANSFIELD SAVINGS. The Mansfield Savings Bank was organized in 1873 and after the erection of its banking house on the corner of Fourth and Main streets, opened its doors for business on the 15th of October of that year. Its officers were Barnabas Burns, president ; Michael D. Harter, vice president, and R. Brinkerhoff, cashier. Its present officers are: R. Brinkerhoff, president; J. E. Brown, vice president; C. F. Ackerman, cashier; F. M. Marquis, assistant cashier; R. S. Gibson, teller. The Savings Bank owns its own building, with safety vaults and other modern equipments. CITIZENS NATIONAL. The Citizens National Bank organized November 1, 1881, with G. F. Carpenter as president and S. A. Jennings as cashier. W. H. Rebuck was the first depositor. G. F. Carpenter, H. P. Davis, E. J. Forney, A. Scattergood, R. Smith and J. W.. Wagner constitute the board of directors. Capital stock paid in $100,000 ; surplus fund, $40,000 ; resources, $364,454.48. BANK OF MANSFIELD. The Bank of Mansfield was incorporated January 3, 1893, under the act of March 21, 1851, and commenced business January 1, 1893. Capital stock paid in, $100,000; surplus fund, $30,000; resources, $379,126.24. The directors were: E. D. Baxter, S. S. Balliet, J. W. Brown, Lewis Brucker, William Dow, John Krause, C. N. Gaumer, W. M. Hahn, J. P. Seward. W. M. Hahn, president; John Krause, vice president; M. D. Ward, cashier; W. G. Patterson, teller; M. Dale Ward, bookkeeper; Albert Krause, collector. RICHLAND SAVINGS. The Richland Savings Bank company was incorporated April 8, 1898, and commenced business July 16 of that year. Capital stack, $50,000; resources, $180,914.80. A comparative statement of the business of this bank shows an increase of deposits that must be satisfactory to the management, having increased from July 16 to January 1 from $2,094.69 to $82,278.56 and its loans during the same period from $6,113 to $107,807.35. Its officers 474 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY are W. W. Stark, president ; J. Anderson Barton„ cashier, and Fred M. Bushnell, treasurer. Banks are indicators of the business of a city and when the "Farmers" was organized, in 1847, it was sufficient for that period. Mansfield was then a village, but in the half century that has intervened between then and now it, has become a city and in compliance with the law of demand and supply, Other banks were required and came to meet the needs of trade and the banking facilities of Mansfield show the growth and prosperity of the city. RICHLAND STATISTICS. Gathered from the Agricultural Districts by the Various Assessors. The agricultural statistics have been Made up for Richland county for 1908 at the county auditor's office, the same being based on the returns made by the assessors and the following is taken from the report: Wheat-Number of acres sown, 32,984; bushels produced in 1907, 582,535; acres sown for 1908, 32,090. Rye-Acres sown for 1907, 263; bushels produced in 1907, 4,149; acres sown for 1908, 381. Buckwheat Acres sown in 1907, 24 ; bushels produced in 1907, 283. Oats-Acres sown in 1907, 25, 633.; bushels produced in 1907, 576,229; acres (estimated) for 1908, 23,715. Winter Barley-Acres sown in 1907, 51; bushels produced in 1907, 1,446 acres (estimated) for 1908, 62. Spring Barley-Acres sown in 1907, 5; bushels produced in 1907, 50; acres sown in 1908, 62. Corn-Acres planted in 1907, 28,713; bushels (shelled) produced in 1907 780,285; acres planted (estimated) for 1907, 29,553. Ensilage Corn-Acres planted in 1907, 188; acres planted (estimated) for 1908, 157. Sugar Corn-Acres planted in 1907, 11; tons produced in 1907, 7. Tomatoes-Acres planted in 1907, 4; bushels produced in 1907, 460. Peas-Acres planted in 1907, 11; pounds produced in 1907, 14,000. Irish Potatoes-Acres planted in 1907, 2,076; bushels produced in 1907, 199,095; acres (estimated) for 1908, 2,181. Meadow-Acres in grass (other than clover) 1907, 33,172; tons of hay produced 1907, 41,683. Clover-Acres grown 1907, 11,276; tons of hay produced 1907, 14,639; bushels of seed produced 1907, 2,793; acres ploughed under for manure, 108. Alfalfa-Acres grown in 1907, 5; tons of hay in 1907, 8. Milk - Gallons sold for family use in 1907, 553,458. Butter-Pounds made in home dairies in 1907, 755,403; pounds made in creameries in 1907, 9,500. Cheese-Pounds made in home dairies in 1907, 3,900. Eggs--Number dozens produced 1907, 861,259. Maple Products-Number of trees from which sugar was made in HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 475 76,513; pounds of sugar in 1908, 4,281; gallons of syrup in 1908, 22,843. Honey—Pounds of honey in 1907, 448. Bees—Number of hives in 1907, 137. THE MANSFIELD WATER WORKS AND FIRE DEPARTMENT. About the year 1829 the matter of organizing a fire .department began to be discussed in.Mansfield, but there was no way of raising funds for such a purpose at that time, and Dr. William Bushnell carried around a paper and obtained subscriptions to the amount of $150, with which a small hand engine was purchased. A fire company was then organized composed of Dr. Bushnell, Dr. Miller, Jacob Lindley, Hugh McFall, James Smart, and others. Mr. Lindley was the foreman of the company, and. the engine was kept in his cabinet shop, on the site of the present Baptist church. In 1848 the council authorized P. P. Hull to purchase a fire engine of a more recent make and six hundred feet of hose. At the same time the council authorized the following persons, and such others as they chose to associate with them to organize a fire.company, viz.: Levi Zimmerman, A. L. Grimes, R. C. Smith, S. J. Kirkwood, H. L. Baker, Peter Arbaugh, Samuel Au, Michael Linder, Thomas McEwen, John Rickets, Adam Heldman, Abraham Emminger, P. P. Hull, Alexander Mcllvain, David Bushey and James A. Cook. They were to have the use of this new engine, "Ohio," hose, etc. The same date a committee was appointed to procure a hose cart and a proper place to keep the engine, and P. P. Hull was appointed the first engineer by the council. In July, 1852, a second fire company was organized, called Torrent No. 2. Its engine was purchased by subscription. The charter members of this company were: George F. Carpenter, Echels McCoy, Barnabas Burns, M. L. Miller, E. McFall, T. B. Dodd, J. H. Cook, H. R. Smith, G. McFall, John U. Wiler, I. C. Fair, J. Christofel, James Dickson, John Y. Glessner, John C. Ritter, D. C. Connell, James. Hoy and S. B. Sturges. The engine was purchased at Seneca Falls, N. Y. Subsequently other companies were organized from time to time, much machinery and apparatus purchased, and the fire department became an institution of much importance. In 1854 an assistant engineer was appointed by the council for each organization the old engine and apparatus of No. 1 was turned over to "Young America Fire Company No. 3," and a new engine was purchased for No. 1, called "Deluge." In 1867 a steam engine was purchased by the fire department at a cost of $5,500. The subject of building water works for the city was first discussed in 1848, but did not materialize until 1871, when the people decided by a decisive vote at the spring election of that year that: the long-felt want should be supplied, and H. R. Smith, A. C. Cummins and S. B. Sturges were appointed trustees with plenary power to proceed with the work of installing a. water work .plant and ground was broken for the same May 15, 1871. The 476 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY council voted a bond issue of $175,000, and E. McCoy was appointed foreman of the work. The Holly system was decided upon and the water was taken out of the. Rockyfork creek, four hundred and fifty feet above the works, six acres of ground having been purchased for the works. The work was pushed with such energy that on the 20th of August, 1872, the works were in operation. After a few years' experience, much complaint having beep made' about the quality of the Rockyfork water, it was decided to take water from the Laird and the Johns springs, within easy reach of the works, thus giving the city pure spring water. The present fire department was organized in June, 1884, and is considered one of, the most proficient of the kind in the state, and is equipped with the Gamewell fire alarm system. There are three fire stations, one in the central part of the city, one in the northern part and one in the southern part. The department is equipped with everything that is modern in the fire department line. The number of. fire alarms run from seventy-five to a hundred: a year. The firemen's "helpers," as the horses of the fire department are called, are appreciated and given much consideration by the firemen. Numerous incidents might be cited showing the intelligence of a horse, its conception of its duties and his willingness to perform them. The Arab recognizes the intelligence of the horse, talks to him and treats him almost like a companion. The better knowledge a man has of a horse the more he recognizes his mental capability and gets better service from him. The intelligence of animals is too little known and too lightly treated. The thoughts and feelings of the boy whose guinea pig had died are worthy of consideration. One night his mother heard him sobbing and inquired: "What's the matter, Sammy?" "Oh, mamma, has a great big elephant a soul?" '"No, child," the mother replied. "Have horses souls, mamma?" "No, Sammy." The child's sobs increased as he came down the scale to smaller animals without getting comforting reply. The mother saw the trend of the questioning and pitying the poor boy who was so heart-broken over the loss of his pet, that she concluded to comfort him somewhat, and to the question : "Mamma, hadn't my nice, dear little guinea pig a soul?" the mother replied; "Perhaps it had, my child." The pets that answer our call, look intelligently into our eyes, understand our words, and obey our bidding, who shall gainsay that they shall live again. The firemen have their horses; Cowper had his hares; Luther his dogs, and a sentimental belief in their immortality, that in the illimitable beyond we shall have our. own again, may not be creditable to the head but it is commendable to the heart. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 477 THE MANSFIELD PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The enrollment of the Mansfield public schools for the year 1908 is 4,966. Males, 2,499; females, 2,487. There are 116 teachers employed. Mansfield has a fine high school building which 'cost $150,000, and there are eight ward school buildings. In the foregoing enumerations the pupils of the prochial schools are not included. The first graduating class was in 1862, and consisted of four girls. The total number of graduates to the present time is 560-426 girls and 134 boys. The largest class numbered 28, but the class of the present year, it is thought, will be larger. In addition to the advantages of the graded schools in acquiring an education there is the public library, free for all. Another important auxiliary in the educational line is the Mansfield museum. The first school house in Mansfield was paid for by subscription and cost $200. In no other way has the growth of the city been better shown than in the progress of her schools, in the increased number of her scholars and in the addition of school buildings. The village of the past quietly and hopefully plodded along and without the misfortune of a boom passed through the transition stages that intervened between the past and the present, until we now have a city whose healthful growth will continue and increase, and our population reach 50;000, the number the league aims to secure ere Mansfield celebrates its centennial. The American school is a product of early planting. In the pioneer times, when a few families settled near each other, it was not long until a school was started. Even in that early day the settlers believed that education was the bulwark of liberty. Subscription schools were taught long before school houses were built, or public money could be obtained for educational purposes. The present school system was organized under the law of 1852, soon after its passage, and the late J. H. Cook, A. L. Grimes and Isaac Gass were the members of the first school board in Mansfield. Alexander Bartlett was appointed principal of, the high school and superintendent of instruction. In 1859 the enrollment of scholars was 925. Among the men who, as boys, attended the public schools of Mansfield, the Days and. Woods have become distinguished in the army and navy, and Frank G. Carpenter in the field of literature. In the newspaper line, Peter Trumpler and Henry G. McKnight have won success in other states. Many others might be mentioned who have been successful in life at home and abroad. And there are those who had not the advantages of the graded system, but who, as country lads, had to attend the often-sneered-at "deestrict" school, and among that number was Judge Geddes, who served fifteen years on the bench, eight years in congress and as a lawyer was the peer of the best men of 478 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY his time. Judge Geddes received his early education in Monroe township, as did also Congressman Kerr, Judge Douglass and Judge Wolfe at a later period. Many of America's greatest .statesmen, most brilliant lawyers, profound thinkers and popular orators have been reared on farms. While some were self-taught, others worked their ways from the country school. to academies and colleges, where they learned the beauties of poetic imagery from the Iliad and the Aeneid, the strong declamatory invective from Cicero's orations against Catiline, and the spirit and genius of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations from the standard classical authors. In the development of schools, in the growth of systems of teaching, two ideas have hitherto pervailed in reference to education. One side claiming it should be a "crowding" process, or, at best, a nourishing one. Under this system the pupil is made to amass particulars "ad infinitum." The second lays stress upon the word "discipline"—that man is a muscle generally, and that the mind grows by gymnastic training. But whether teaching should be merely a training of the sensuous element of the mind—a presentation of thought through the senses; or whether it should seize the whole matter formally or abstractedly and discipline the mind by developing the muscles and by studying things not valuable in themselves; whether we should have the object lesson or the discipline system, it is not the purpose of this article to discuss or to consider, but to infer that in the public schools of Mansfield there is that judicious blending of the. twain that best promotes and enhances the education of the pupils of today. COMPANY I, FIRST REGIMENT, O. V. I. Special mention should be made of the first military company that left Mansfield for the Civil war. It was Company I, First Regiment, O. V. I., and William McLaughlin was its captain. The regiment was organized at Columbus, April 18, 1861, and was ordered to Washington City at once, leaving Columbus on the morning of April. 19. It was mustered into service at Lancaster, Pa., April 29, and upon its arrival at Washington was assigned to General Schenck's brigade of General Tyler's division, then a part of the force in defense of the capital. It was engaged in the battle of Bull Run and was mustered out of service ten- days later. BANQUET TO COMPANY M. Upon the return of Company M, Eighth Regiment, 0. N. G., from the Cuban war a reception and banquet was given the "boys" by the citizens of Mansfield on Tuesday afternoon, November 30th, 1898, followed by a benefit entertainment at the Opera House that evening. The festivities began at Purdy's hail at 3 o'clock. The beautiful suite of rooms on the third floor consisting of reception room, dancing hall, banquet room, smoking room and cloak rooms were all thrown open at the hour men- HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 479 tioned above. The floor of the dancing hall was covered with canvas. All the rooms and doorways were beautifully decorated With flags and bunting. The opera house orchestra, which was stationed overhead in the box in the dancing hall rendered a number of inspiring selections between the hours of 3 o'clock and 5 o'clock. A reception committee of ladies and gentlemen was on duty to make the boys feel at home. Apparently nothing had been overlooked to make this feature of the day a success. In addition to the committee there was present quite a number of people, special friends of the boys. Some of them were old soldiers of the war of the rebellion and the latter talked over war experiences with the later day heroes. Outside of the building the weather was stormy, but this did not deter the friends of the boys from being present to extend the glad hand of welcome. The young soldiers showed their appreciation of the efforts put forth in their behalf by being there with few exceptions. It was through no fault of their own that some of the members of the company were absent. The musical entertainment given at the opera house as a benefit for Company M was a success in every particular except from a financial standpoint. The lower part of the auditorium was fairly well filled, but the entertainment on the whole was not as well patronized as it was hoped it would be. It is stated that but little, if anything, was realized over and above expenses. The programme was carried out as heretofore published in this paper with the exception that Master Hoppe sang a selection. The closing feature of the performance, "Company M Mascotte" was the appearance of thirty-five young ladies displaying the national colors who sang the "Star Spangled Banner" and the audience joining in the closing chorus. Every performance was encored and the entertainment was an artistic success. BIOGRAPHICAL GENERAL ROELIFF BRINKERHOFF. The name of General Roeliff Brinkerhoff is indelibly impressed upon the pages of history. A. strongly marked personality, clearly defined purpose, keen insight, high ideals and a recognition of life's obligations and responsibilities have so combined as to make General Brinkerhoff one of the most honorable and honored residents of the state. The record of few men in public life has been so varied in service, so constant in honor and so stainless in reputation, and it is therefore imperative that definite consideration be paid him in this connection, He was born in Owasco, Cayuga county, New York, June 28, 1828, and is a representative in the seventh generation of the descendants of Joris Dericksen Brinkerhoff, the founder of the family in America, who came from Drentland, Holland, in 1638, accompanied by his wife Susannah, and settled at Brooklyn, New York, then New Netherlands. Many representatives of the family are now living on Long Island and in the. Hudson valley, while others can be found in almost every western state. Most of these are descended from Hendrick, son of Joris Dericksen Brinkerhoff, Who settled in New Jersey in 1685. The grandfather, Roeliff Brinkerhoff, removed from Hackensack, New Jersey, to the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where George R. Brinkerhoff, the father, was born. In the maternal line General Brinkerhoff is descended from French Huguenots, who, fleeing from religious persecution, found safety and a home among the tolerant Dutch settlers of New Netherlands. Both the Bouviers, his mother's people, and the Demarests, to which family his grandmother belonged, were French Huguenots. General Brinkerhoff has been very successful in his business career and yet it has been other qualities that have become dominant in his life record and gained him the honor and respect which are so universally, accorded him. He early manifested aptitude in his studies and when sixteen years of age became a teacher in his native town, while at the age of eighteen he was in charge of a school near Hendersonville, Tennessee. The following year he was the tutor in the family of Andrew Jackson, Jr., at the Hermitage and there remained until 1850, when he returned to the north and took up the study of law with Hon: Jacob Brinkerhoff, of Mansfield, Ohio, as his preceptor. His thorough preliminary reading secured his admission to the bar in 1852 and he remained, in' active practice from that time until after the - 487 - 488 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY outbreak of hostilities over the question of secession. He was also identified with journalistic interests from June, 1855, until 1859 as one of the editors and proprietors of the Mansfield Herald. But when the Civil war was inaugurated his interests centered in its outcome until, believing that his first duty was to his country, he joined the, army in September, 1861, as first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster of the Sixty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In November of the same year he was promoted to the position of captain and assistant quartermaster and during the first winter was on duty at Bardstown, Kentucky. Following the capture of Nashville he was placed in charge of the land and river transportation in that city and after the battle of Pittsburg Landing he was ordered to the front and placed in charge of the field transportation of the Army of thee Ohio. It was following the capture of Corinth that he returned home on sick leave and when he had sufficiently recovered he was ordered to Maine as chief quartermaster of that state. His next transferral took him to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in charge of transportation and army stores and as post quartermaster he remained in Washington city until June, 1865, when he was made a colonel and inspector of the quartermaster's department. He was then retained on duty at the war office with Secretary Stanton. until November, when he was ordered to Cincinnati as chief quartermaster of the department. In September, 1866, he was brevetted a brigadier general of volunteers and was also tendered a commission in the regular army but declined the honor. On the 1st of October, at his own request, he was mustered out of service, having for five years been continuously connected with the army on active. duty. General Brinkerhoff is the author of a volume entitled The Volunteer Quartermaster, which is still the standard guide for the officers and employ. of the quartermaster's department. General Brinkerhoff was married, on the .3d of February, 1852. to Miss Mary Lake Bently, of Mansfield, a daughter of Baldwin Bentley and a granddaughter of General Robert Bently. Their family numbered two sons and two daughters: Robert Bently, a member of the New York city bar, who died in 1907 ; Addie Horton ; Mary, deceased; and Roeliff, former judge of the probate court of Richland county. General Brinkerhoff has figured prominently in connection with important events from the time of the repeal of the Missouri compromise until after the reconstruction period following the war. During this time he formed the acquaintance of many men eminent in public life and won the warm friendship and regard of such distinguished national characters as Salmon P. Chase, James G. Blaine, General Garfield and General R. B. Hayes. He took an active part in politics for a long period after the war, visited many states in campaign work in support of the principles and candidates of the party while in its conventions his opinions carried weight and influence. He has not been an active, factor in political circles, however, since 1873, in which year he accepted the position of cashier in the Mansfield Savings Bank, in which he was later chosen to the presidency, and while not active in its management at the present time, he is still filling that position. He displayed the same keen HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 489 discernment and powers of executive control in his business affairs as he did in his political and military service. In 1878 General Brinkerhoff was appointed a member of the board of state charities and continued in that position under different administrations until he completed his tenth term, a period of thirty years, and he was recently appointed to the eleventh term. His philanthropy is one of the salient features of his life and there is perhaps no single individual better informed concerning the methods of management and control in different benevolent and correctional institutions than he. To further inform himself on this subject he has visited every state in the Union except one, also institutions of this character in the Dominion of Canada, the republic of Mexico and all the countries of western Europe, and the record of his observations in these directions is a history of all modern progress in dealing with the dependent, defective and criminal classes. In all of his work in this connection General Brinkerhoff may be termed a practical idealist. He has labored constantly to improve conditions, yet his work has been of a most effective character inasmuch as he has utilized the means at hand, having the ability to assimilate, control and shape divers interests into a unified and harmonious whole. Studying the subject of management in correctional and benevolent institutions, he has quickly grasped the points upon which improvement could be made and has agitated the subject so that public opinion has demanded reform and advancement. To him, perhaps more than to any other, is due the abolition of mechanical restraints, and other improvements; in dealing with the insane. It was largely due to him also that the Toledo Hospital was established upon the cottage system, which really marked a new era in the treatment of the insane and one which the medical profession and the general public now recognizes as most beneficial. He served as a member of the commission to locate the asylum and select plans for its construction and his earnest advocacy for the segregate or cottage system secured its adoption, and the plan once. termed "Brinkerhoff's Folly" has led to the adoption of what is now regarded as the model asylum of the nation. While General Brinkerhoff has been a theorist in that he has formulated plans; he has also been a worker of the most practical order, for when his judgment sanctions a course that he has thought out or that has been presented to him by others he has immediately set to work to secure its adoption. The. range of his study and investigation has been most broad and comprehensive. He was chosen the first president when in 1875, at his home in Mansfield, the Ohio Archeological and Historical Society was organized in October, 1875. He continued as its chid executive officer for several terms and then, declining a reelection, was succeeded by General R. B. Hayes, and upon the death of ex-President Hayes General Brinkerhoff was again chosen 'to the presidency while in 1907 he was elected president for life. It was at one of the meetings of this society—a banquet held in Columbus in February, 1891 —that he made the suggestion which found embodiment in a beautiful memorial group of bronze statues which now stands at the northwest corner of the capital building in Columbus. On this occasion he was put upon the program to respond to the toast, "Ohio at the Columbian Exposition." He 490 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY had no time for preparation, but as it approached the hour in which he would be called upon there came to him the thought that it was not bigness, or material resources that gave renown to a nation so much as the character of its men and women," and, continuing, General Brinkerhoff said, "I remembered Greece and Palestine and my speech was ready, for in men of international renown Ohio was peerless among the states. At 11:00 o'clock, when my turn came, I amplified my idea, and wound up with the suggestion that Ohio should be represented at the fair by a group of statuary, in the center of which should be a noble matron to represent Ohio, and around her should be such children as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Chase, Stanton and Garfield; and then upon the pedestal should be engraved the proud utterance of Cornelia; the 'Mother of the Gracchi,' 'These are my Jewels.' A resolution was unanimously adopted recommending the legislature to adopt the suggestion and appropriate the funds necessary to put it in granite and bronze." When the Ohio monument was dedicated at Jefferson park, in Chicago, September 14, 1893, General Brinkerhoff in his address said, "We, the citizens of Ohio, have met today in this pantheon of the nations to remember and honor our own great state. Whilst we are Americans, and proud of our nationality, we are also proud to believe that in the galaxy of states there is no star brighter than Ohio. Nowhere on the rounded globe is there another block of land of the size of Ohio which equals it in all the essentials required for the abode of civilized men. In fertility of soil, in diversity of products, in mines of coal and iron, in quarries of stone, in healthfulness of climate, in beauty of landscape, in accessibility of location by water and by land, she is absolutely peerless. * * * Whilst we remember all this, and are proud to remember it, we also remember and are glad to remember that the highest glory of a state or nation is not in bigness, but in mind, as manifested and represented by its men and women. * * * So in this concourse of nations in which we are now gathered, Ohio is not ashamed to present her achievements in comparison with the proudest, both in matter and in mind; for around us today, in every department of human endeavor, the image and the superscription of Ohio is preeminent. Today, however, in the dedication of this monumental group, we call attention to the fact that in men of international renown Ohio is absolutely peerless among the states and nations of this western hemisphere. Like the constellation of Orion in the heavens, we have six stars of resplendent magnitude, and in the inventory of our treasures these are our jewels.' Who they are and what they were is known to all mankind, and therefore for the purposes of this exposition, a biographical description is not necessary, but for the purposes of this gathering of Ohio people it seems proper for those who knew them, not only to bear testimony to their preeminence as soldiers and statesmen, but also to give personal recollections of acquaintance with them. I knew them all, and some of them intimately. Grant, Sherman and Sheridan are the only soldiers who ever attained the full rank of general, in the United States, since the organization of our government. In the splendor of their achievements they have never been equaled upon this continent, and they have never been surpassed by the soldiers of any other continent. They were not only great soldiers. hot they HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 491 were also patriotic citizens, and never thought a thought, or dreamed a dream that was disloyal to liberty or the institutions of their native land. So with Chase, Stanton, and Garfield; they were not only statesmen of the highest rank, but they were also noble minded gentlemen in all the relations of life." His interest in historical matters dates from early life. Coming to Richland county in 1850, he advocated preserving the annals of its early history, recognizing the fact that in the course of years the record of the lives of the pioneer men and women who laid its foundation and reared its superstructure would be of value and general interest. He therefore began to gather information in regard to pioneer. days and the result of his labors has been given to the public, not only in newspaper articles but also in book form. Pioneer meetings were held at irregular intervals and in November, 1898, the Richland County Historical Society was organized, with General Brinkerhoff as the president and A. J. Baughman secretary. For many years he has been one of the principal supporters of the Mansfield Lyceum, which he joined on its organization, and he was also active in the establishment of the Mansfield Library and the. Museum, and a promoter of the Sherman-Heineman park. The plan of the park originated in his fertile brain and he labored untiringly until he saw its embodiment in a beautiful strip of country adorned by the arts of the landscape gardener and extending for a mile and a half along the western border of the city. He was made one of the park commissioners, became president of the board, and has held that office continuously since. There are few men of his years who remain so active a factor in life as does General Brinkerhoff. Old age need not suggest as a matter of course idleness or lack of occupation. There is on the contrary an old age which grows stronger and brighter morally and intellectually as the years pass and gives out of its rich stores of wisdom and experience. Such has been the record of General Brinkerhoff. With a mind receptive and retentive, he has continually broadened his knowledge through reading, investigation and observation, keeping abreast with the best thinking men of the age upon the great sociological, economic and political questions, and in his life's contacts and experiences has come into association with many important events which have left their impress upon national history, while Ohio numbers him among her most honored sons. PIERCE J. WIGTON. Richland county has been singularly favored in the class of men that occupies its public offices, for in most instances they have been men who have high regard for the obligations and duties of citizenship and who have considered "a public office a public trust." To this class belongs Pierce J. Wigton, now filling the position of county treasurer. He is one of Ohio's native sons, his birth having occurred in Monroe township, January 1, 1861. His father, William Wigton, a farmer by occupation, died forty-one years ago. The family wereof Scotch descent, the paternal ancestors coming from Wigtonshire, Scotland, and settling in Pennsylvania, where they lived for several generations. The. mother of our subject, Mrs. Susan Schrack Wigton, 492 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY is still living at the age of seventy-six years. She is a representative of an old Pennsylvania family of German descent. Pierce J. Wigton is the seventh in a family of ten children, six of whom are living. After attending the district school he became a pupil in the Greentown Academy, at Perryville, Ohio, and completed his course at the age of nineteen years. For the succeeding two decades he engaged in teaching in the country schools in the winter seasons, while the summer months were devoted to general agricultural pursuits. He became well known as an able representative of public-school education and also as an energetic, progressive farmer. He has a farm of one hundred and ninety-six acres in Monroe township, where he resided for twenty-four years, and he also owns two other farms in the same township, one of sixty-four acres and the other of one hundred and twenty-three acres. He is likewise interested to some extent in city real estate, his holdings including his own residence at No. 312 West Third street, which he purchased upon his removal to Mansfield. He likewise controls various other interests in different lines and altogether has been a very successful man. His fellow townsmen, recognizing his worth and ability, called Mr. Wigton to office by electing him in 1905 to the position of county treasurer, and in August of the following year he removed to Mansfield, where he is now busily engaged in the discharge of his duties. In politics he is an earnest democrat and has always taken an active interest in county politics, but has never been a candidate for office before. On the 11th of November, 1883, in Monroe township Mr. Wigton was united in marriage to Miss Cora E. Peterson, a daughter of Solomon and Lavina Peterson, of Ashland county, Dr. J. A. Hall officiating. They have three children : Ruby W., the wife of Byron King, a farmer of Monroe township Navie L., fourteen years of age, and Doyle D., ten years of age. Mr. Wigton is a genial, sociable man, but modest and unassuming. He belongs to the different Masonic bodies and the Knights of Pythias fraternities, while his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Lutheran church. While called by his fellow townsmen to office he cannot justly be termed a public man in desiring to appear prominently in public affairs, for on the contrary he prefers a quiet life and the companionship of his family. CHARLES S. MOORE. No matter in how much fantastic theorizing one may indulge as to the secret and causation of success, it will be found after careful analysis that success is due to the possession of certain qualities, including persistency of purpose, ready adaptability, keen discrimination and most of all unwearied industry. These elements are factors in the life of Charles S. Moore and have been manifest in his successful development of the Daily Globe of Shelby. A native son of this city, he was born September 2, 1874, and in the HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 493 paternal line is a representative of one of the oldest families of the county. His great-grandfather, John Jay Smiley, came to this county' from the state of New York about 1820.. He secured a quarter section of land and cast in his lot with the early settlers who were reclaiming the region for the purpose of civilization and improvement. His daughter, Rosanna Smiley,. was a native of the county and a lifelong resident of Shelby, being born and reared upon a farmthat now constitutes the site of the waterworks. She became the wife of George Moore. Their son, Wallace Moore, was born. and reared on a farm in Sharon township—a tract that is how inside the corporation limits of Shelby, but he is still engaged in carrying on agricultural pursuits on that place. He married Fannie Beelman, who was born in Plymouth township, this county, and Charles S. Moore is the eldest of their family of ten children, of whom eight are yet living. One of his sisters, Rosanna, is the wife of Dr. Keeler, a leading physician of Perry, Oklahoma; Edith, is attending the Indiana State Normal School at Valparaiso; Catherine, is a teacher of commercial courses; Sarah, is a trained nurse in Oklahoma City; Florence, is attending the public schools of Shelby; Benjamin, is a student in the Chicago Dental College, and. John Jay, is at home. Charles S. Moore was educated in the public schools of Shelby and at the age of sixteen years put aside his text-books in order to learn the printer's trade in the Office of the Shelby Free Press, having a natural inclination toward that work.. He had for two years previous worked in a printing office without compensation before and after school, owing to the attraction which the business had for him. He remained in the Free Press office for two years and then went to Galion, Ohio, where he worked on the Leader for two years. In 1893 he went to Atchison, Kansas; and was there employed on the Atchison Patriot for two years. He also spent one year in traveling as a journeyman printer throughout .the south and southwest, and upon his return to Shelby in 1897 he became connected with the Shelby Republican and later with the Shelby News, until April, 1900, when, believing that there was an advantageous opportunity for the publication of. a daily .paper, he borrowed the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars and joined forces with J. C. Stambaugh, who secured his ,capital by selling a team of mules. With the little sum of money Which they thus secured. they established the Daily Globe, their first issue being taken from the press on the 24th of April, 1900. The new journal was a folio, nine by twelve, and was run on a job press. Beginning without any support, they built up a subscription list of six hundred in forty-two days and feeling assured that their venture would be a success, they then installed a cylinder press and made their paper a five column folio. The patronage has grown rapidly from the start and there is now a circulation of eighteen hundred copies per day. in Shelby and vicinity. They began in a little room ten by eighteen feet, but after a year were forced to move into larger quarters, where they remained until 1905, when they purchased their present building at No. 37 W. Main street. It is a three-story structure, thirty by one hundred and twenty feet. They also do commercial job printing. 494 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY At the time they started out there were three weekly papers here, some of which had been established for half a century. A little later another daily was started, but one by one they have languished and passed into oblivion and today the .Globe is the only paper in Shelby. It is well worth the patronage which it receives, for it is published along the most progressive lines of modern journalism, and the business methods instituted by the firm are such as commend them to the patronage, trust and support of the general public. Mr. Moore is also interested in Shelby real estate to a considerable extent and owns his home at No. 68 Grand Boulevard, which is one of the finest residences on that street. On the 3d of July, 1901, in Mansfield, Mr. Moore was married to Miss Mary A. Statler, a daughter of George W. Statler, an attorney and real estate dealer of Mansfield. They have two children, Mary and Georgiana aged respectively six and three years. Fraternally Mr. Moore is a member o the Knights of Pythias in both the subordinate lodge and uniformed ran He is also connected with the Maccabees, the Modern Woodmen and the Owls Personally he gives his political support to the republican party, but is not active in politics and publishes a nonpartisan paper. It has ever been his purpose to make this an excellent advertising medium and also an equally good medium for the dissemination of general and local news, and that he has accomplished his purpose is indicated by the success which is attending him. BENJAMIN BERRY. The farm on which Benjamin Berry now resides, a tract of one hundred and thirty-six acres, situated in Monroe township, has been his home for more than a half century. He was "born July 6, 1827, at Canton, Ohio. His boyhood and youth were spent under the parental roof and in the district schools he acquired his education.. He remained at home until he had attained the age of twenty-seven years, when he bought his present farm, comprising one hundred and thirty-six acres, situated in Monroe township, whereon he has since made his home, covering more than a half century. Throughout his entire life he has engaged in general agricultural pursuits but four years ago he put. aside all business cares and is now living retired. In the years that have come and gone he has made his farm a valuable tract, owing to the improvements he has placed upon it, including good buildings for the shelter of grain and stook and a good country residence. It was in 1854 that Mr. Berry was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Smith, who was born in Stark county, Ohio. The marriage was blessed with nine children, namely : Ellen, who has departed this life; Emma, who lives near Newville, Ohio Laura, who makes her home near St. Johns; Mary, of Bellville ; Francis, a farmer of Mifflin township; Edward, Herman and Cloyde, all of whom are deceased; and Charles, who operates the home farm. The wife and mother passed to her final reward in 1886. Mr. Berry's study of the political questions and issues of the day has led HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 497 him to give hearty support to the principles of democracy. For two terms he served as township trustee, while at various times he has served as a member of the school board. He is a member .of the Lutheran church, in which he is serving as an elder. Mr. Berry has now passed the eighty-first milestone on life's journey and during this long period he has seen many wonderful changes in Richland county. He has lived to see this once wild region become one of the prosperous sections of the east, dotted here and there with thriving towns and villages. He has also lived to see the crude farm machinery replaced with the more modern inventions and has witnessed the introduction of the telegraph and the telephone, and no pioneer of the county has taken a more active part in bringing about the transformation that has here been wrought than has this venerable and honored citizen. LOUIS S. KUEBLER. Louis S. Kuebler has been closely associated with the interests of Mansfield since 1876- as editor and publisher of the Mansfield Courier and in this connection is well known in journalistic circles throughout southern Ohio. A native of the Buckeye state, he was born in Tiffin, Seneca county, in 1854, and is of German lineage, his parents being Anthony and Frances (Schabacker) Kuebler, both of whom were natives of Germany. The father came to America about 1840, settling in Seneca county, Ohio, and following his marriage established his home in Tiffin, where he reared his family. Louis S. Kuebler acquired his education through the medium of the public schools of Seneca county and then began learning the printer's trade, with which he has since been identified. Gradually he has worked his way upward, becoming familiar with every department of the business, and for thirty-two years he has now been editorially connected with newspaper publication in Richland county. He removed from Cleveland to Mansfield in 1876 and began the publication of the Mansfield Courier, which was established in 1872 and is the only German paper published in Richland county. It has an extensive circulation among the German, speaking residents of this part of the state and handles with ability and clearness the subjects which are of general interest in the community as well as those of wider scope and importance as affecting state and national welfare. The Courier has a splendidly equipped plant and is democratic in political complexion. In addition to the publication of the paper Mr. Kuebler is conducting an extensive general job printing business, receiving a most liberal patronage in that connection. Mr. Kuebler is recognized as one of the prominent men in democratic ranks, in Richland county and served as chairman of the democratic executive committee in 1899 and again in 1905. He was a candidate for and elected county treasurer in 1902, which office he filled for four years. In 1884 Mr. Kuebler was married to Miss Lena Matthes, of Mansfield, 498 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY a daughter of Adam Matthes, and they now have two children, Herman and Marie. In a review of his life work it will be seen that Mr. Kuebler possesses many of the strong and salient characteristics of a Teutonic ancestry, combined with the spirit of enterprise and progress so characteristic of the typical American. Too broad minded for local partisanship, he manifests the deepest interest in his state and the country at large while laboring effectively and earnestly for municipal interests. A. W. CREVLING. A. W. Crevling, who successfully carries on agricultural pursuits in Blooming Grove township, was born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1841. Both his paternal a.nd maternal great-grandfathers participated in the Revolutionary war. His parents., Jacob and Martha (Melick) Crevling, were natives of New Jersey. In his boyhood days the father removed to Pennsylvania. and from Columbia county, that state, made the overland journey by wagon to Richland county, arriving here on the 5th of May, 1848. Throughout his active business career he devoted his time and energies to farming and on locating in this county resided in Cass township for seven years, on the expiration of which period he settled in Blooming Grove township. Here he made his home until called to his final rest in 1878. His wife, whom he had married in the Keystone state, passed away in this county in 1890. Their union was blessed with seven children, of whom our subject is the only survivor. The first three died in infancy, while Franklin, Alexander and Priscilla are also now deceased. A. W. Crevling mastered the branches of learning which constitute the curriculum of the public schools and remained under the parental roof until he had attained the age of twenty-eight years. For six years he was engaged in teaching, imparting clearly and readily to others the knowledge that he had acquired. Since starting out in life on his own account he has been connected with agricultural interests in Blooming Grove township, owning one hundred and fifty acres of well improved and productive land. His untiring industry and indefatigable energy have brought him a well merited and enviable degree of success in the cultivation of his fields and he has long been recognized as one of the substantial and progressive agriculturists of the community. In 1868 Mr. Crevling was joined in wedlock to Miss Zerada Burns, whose birth occurred in Rome, Blooming Grove township, September 9, 1847, and who has spent her entire life here. They have three children, namely: Verda, the wife of Henry Gates.; Dora., who is the wife of Sherman Pittenger, a farmer of Blooming Grove township; and Boyd, who operates the home farm. Mr. Crevling cast his first ballot for Abraham Lincoln and has since been a stanch supporter of the republican party. He served his fellow townsmen as justice of the peace for three years, his decisions being ever strictly fair and HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 499 impartial. Both he and his wife are devoted and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church and are held in high regard and esteem throughout the, community in which they reside. His interests are thoroughly identified with those of Richland county, where he has now made his home for sixty years, and at all times he is ready to lend his aid and cooperation to any movement or measure instituted to promote the general welfare of town and county. J. F. DILL. J. F. Dill, who is successfully engaged in general agricultural pursuits on section 22, Washington township, is a native of Germany, his birth having occurred in the province of Nassau on the 7th of July, 1863. His parents, William and Ann C. (Rissler ) Dill, were also natives of the fatherland, the former born July 2;.1823, and the latter on the 19th of December, 1823. In the year 1866 the father brought his family to the new world, their home being established in a log cabin on a small farm in Washington township, Richland county, Ohio. Here William Dill diligently and successfully carried on his farming interests until recent years, when he retired from active work and has since. made his home with his son, J. F. He is one of the pioneers who aided in reclaiming this district for the uses of civilization by their untiring energy and perseverance in its cultivation and development. His wife passed away. in this. county in 1892. Their family numbered five children, as follows: Philip, of Jefferson township Catherine, the wife of Charles J. Rummel, residing in West Cairo, Ohio; John P., who makes his home in Olathe, Kansas; J. F., of this review ; and one who is deceased. J. F Dill supplemented the preliminary education which he acquired in the common schools .by two years' attendance in the high school at Bellville and one year at the seminary in Lexington. He afterward pursued a business course at the Normal University of Ada, Ohio, and when nineteen years of age began teaching school, which profession he followed for a period of nineteen years, imparting clearly and readily to others the knowledge that he had acquired. Turning his. attention to agricultural interests, in 1900 he purchased sixty-two and a half acres of land on section 22, Washington township, and was engaged in its operation for two years, when he disposed of the property. In 1902 he purchased the tract of one hundred acres on which he now resides: The place was an unimproved condition, but he has remodeled the buildings and carried on the work of cultivation and development until the farm now presents a neat. and attractive appearance, and its owner is classed with the enterprising and progressive agriculturists of the community. On the 9th of June, 1892, Mr. Dill. was united in marriage to Miss Chloe S.. Dill, whose birth occurred in Morrow county, Ohio, January 6, 1869, her parents being Phillip and Elizabeth (Freeland) Dill. Her father was a native of Germany, born in 1838, and came to America in 1848, taking up his abode in Richland county, Ohio, where he learned the Wagonmaker's trade. He afterward removed to Johnsville, in Morrow county, where his death