HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 51 close of the Civil war, opened a law office on the north side of the public square, and a few years later was elected mayor of Mansfield by the Republican party. He later removed to Cleveland and is now dead. Homer Lee, a son of the late John A. Lee, reversed Horace Greeley's advice to go West and grow up with the country. Homer went East and won a fortune. The Rev. James Trimble was the rector of Grace Episcopal church,. Mansfield, from 1864 to 1869, and is kindly remembered by the older parishioners. A picture of Samuel Cutting recalls a popular landlord of the past. Mr. Cutting was a Penobscot Yankee and came from Maine to Ohio in the Thirties and settled at Bellville. He also kept hotel in Mansfield for a number of years. He was the landlord of the Cutting House before, during, and after the Civil war. He was upright, honorable and charitable, but eccentric. And here is Pat Ford as a boy. Long before he donned the blue to become a Union soldier in the war of the Rebellion. Mr. Beck was a member of the 120th O. V. I. in the Civil War. His clerical attainments caused him to be taken from the ranks and placed in the quartermaster's department. He has souvenirs in the way of orders and recommendations. which show and attest the fact, of his efficiency. THE MONROE SEMINARY OF LONG AGO. The Monroe seminary was one of the most successful schools ever conducted in Richland county. It was situate in the southwestern part of Monroe township, and was founded by the late Rev. Richard Gailey, in May, 1851. In 1849 the Rev. Richard Gailey became pastor of three United Presbyterian congregations In the county, known as ''Monroe," ''Troy" and "Pine Run." The Monroe congregation previously had a house for worship, in Worthington township, near Traxler's, on the road leading, from Bellville to Newville. The pastor of that Worthington church was the Rev. James Johnson, who was the United Presbyterian minister in Mansfield from 1821 until his death in 1858. The second minister at Worthington was the Rev. George Wilson, who later went to the Baptist denomination and published a book on baptism by immersion, which created considerable comment at the time. When a new building was needed a site was selected in Monroe township, three miles north, which was considered more central for the members. A substantial brick edifice was built, which is yet standing and used at present as a place of worship for a congregation of the denomination known as the Disciples of Christ. Roads cross and diverge to five towns from the Monroe church—eight miles to Mansfield and four miles each to Lucas, Newville, BellviIle, and Butler. The location is a pleasant one at the head of a little valley, where pure water flows abundantly from several springs. 52 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY The Rev. Richard Dailey was an Irishman, who conic to America when he was twenty-one years of age, took a collegiate course, and then entered the ministry of the United Presbyterian denomination, and after becoming the pastor of the Monroe church conceived the idea. of conducting a school in addition to his ministerial ditties. He was never so happy as when engaged in teaching, whether in the schoolroom or in the church. He was a great worker, and after teaching his classes by day frequently rode miles to preach in some schoolhouse in the evening. He was honest and earnest, but conservative and collected. His delivery was his language well chosen and his diction pure, his aim being more to instruct and convince rather than to please or amuse. The church building was at first used for recitation purposes, after the seminary was started, but a schoolhouse was soon built upon the glebe. The seminary grew and prospered until students were in attendance net only from other counties, but also from other states. Farmers opened their homes to the students, and boarded and lodged them. After conducting the seminary successfully for ten years; Mr. Galley removed to Lexington, where the same work was continued with even greater success, Until his death in 1875. While many of the students of the Monroe seminary later attained position and prominence, space will permit of only a few being mentioned hers. The Hon. Joha M. Henderson, now a prominent lawyer of Cleveland, was a Monroe seminary pupil, as was also George L. Reed, of Kansas. and his brother, Hugh F. Reed, of Colorado Springs. A number of young men were there prepared for the ministry and are now filling important positions. Jerry Needham, of Troy township, was a. pupil of Mr. Gailey's after the academy was removed to Lexington. This imperfect sketch is not intended as a history of the Monroe Seminary. It is only a. desultory sketch of an institution of learning that was a benefit not only to its students, but also to the community at large, for it created an interest in educational mailers that was like unto bread east. upon the waters in its after results. There is a cluster of houses still near the old seminary site. The Gailey residence is now the hospitable home of Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Thompson, and a home it is indeed, for there peace, plenty and happiness abide and abound. MANSFIELD'S CENTENNIAL. The Centennial Anniversary of the Founding of Mansfield Appropriately Celebrated Under the Auspices of the Richland County Historical society, Thursday, June 11, 1908. At the annual meeting of the Richland County Historical Society, held in Mansfield, June, 1003, a Centennial coin mission was created to arrange for and conduct a celebration of the centennial anniversary of the founding of Mansfield. The commission was composed of the following gentlemen; Hon. Huntington Brown, Peter Bissman, M. B. Bushman, A. J. Baughman, HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 55 Captain A. C. Cummins, R. G. Hancock, T. B. Martin, Rev. F. A. Schreiber and Charles H. Voegele. Huntington Brown was chosen president of the commission and A. J. Baughman, secretary. During the year 1907, Cptain A. C. Cummins resigned and was succeeded by General R. Brinkerhoff. A few months after the creation of the commission, the old log block. house that had been built on the public square in 1812, by the soldiers of the war of 1812, was purchased and removed to the courthouse grounds, where it was re-erected partly as an advertisement. of the. contemplated Centennial celebration, but chiefly as a memorial to the pioneers of Richland county and the soldiers of the war of 1812. At first it was thought to hold the celebration for a number of days, but owing to a financial depression that existed at the time, it was deemed best to confine the festivities. to one day. The morning of the day of June 11th dawned auspiciously ushering in an ideal day. The crowd which carve to the city was simply immense, being conservatively estimated at from twenty thousand to twenty-five thousand. The following account of the day and exercises are taken from the Mansfield papers. The following is from the Mansfield News: My son—thou wilt dream the world is fair, And thy spirit will sigh to roam, And thou must go;—but never, when there, Forget the light of home. With impressive ceremonies the city of Mansfield today takes cognizance if the fact that it has reached the end of the first century of its history and now enters the second century of its life. This centennial anniversary marks an important epoch in the city's history and the celebration arranged for this occasion drew the interest not alone of present. residents of Mansfield but attracted to the city many former residents who had not been here for years, and drew large crowds from the surrounding towns and country. Early in the morning the crowds began gathering in the vicinity of Central Park and by 9 o'clock the park and nearby streets were filled with people who enjoyed the band concert which was given in the park and which continued while the procession was being formed for the parade. At 10 o'clock there was a. programme of addresses in front of the blockhouse the speakers standing on the courthouse steps where a large audience had gathered. GENERAL BRINKERHOFF's ADDRESS. In connection with the exercises which took place at the blockhouse immediately after the band concert in Central Park, the following address was delivered by General R. Brinkerhoff: One hundred years ago, on the 11th day of June, 1808, the city of Mansfield, whose history we celebrate today, was located, laid out and named by James Hedges, Joseph Larwell and Jacob Newman. They agreed to name 56 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY the new town Mansfield after the then surveyor general of the United States, Colonel Jared Mansfield, under whose instructions Hedges and his companions were working. The original plat of the city was a square, of which the public square, now known as the Central Park, was the center. It extended north one block beyond Fourth street, south across Ritter's Run one block beyond First street"; east one Mock beyond Water street, and west one block beyond Mulberry street. From this small beginning the city has grown during the century to its present population of over twenty thousand, and a fair probability of an annual increase of a thousand more for many years to come. The first house in Mansfield was a log cabin built by Samuel Martin on lot 97, where the dry goods store of H. L. Reed Co. is now located, and it was the only house built in 1808. Ohio at that time was largely a wilder. ness, and in Richland county there were less than -a dozen settlers. The growth of Mansfield has been steadily northward and westward, and its center of population today is near the Mansfield Savings bank, on the north, west corner of Main and Fourth streets. During the war of 1812 two block houses were erected on the public square as a protection against the Indians. One was of round logs and the other of hewed logs, the latter standing near the center of the north side of the park. After the war, or rather before the war ended, this hewed block house was used for the first courthouse in the county. The preparation of this block house for a courthouse is officially warranted and preserved in the commissioners' records under the date of June 10, 1813, which states that "the commissioners proceeded to examine the block house in Mansfield, and to order the same to be prepared for the reception of the court, and that the lower part of the same be prepared for the reception of prisoners as a jail. And do further order that the said lot of carpenter work be sold to the lowest bidder on the 24th day of July inst which sale is advertised accordingly." On the 4th of August following the bids were opened and Luther Coe was the lucky man. His bid was $46.00 with an additional $2 for the construction of a handrail for the outside stairway. This building is the one before which we are now assembled, and in the main is what it was when first occupied by the court on August 13, 1813, and for the three following years, until a new courthouse was completed. On December 3, 1816, by order of the commissioners the two block houses standing on the public square were set up at public auction and were bid off as follows: the hewn log house to Alexander Curran at $56.40 and the round log house to Jacob Snider at $20." The round log house has disappeared, but the hewed log house remains practically, as you now see it. The new courthouse was built of hewn logs and answered its purpose about ten years, when in 1827 a new courthouse of brick was built and occupied, with some additions and improvements, until 1873 when the present courthouse, located east of the square, was occupied. The two buildings before us indicate fairly well the progress made is HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 57 Mansfield during the century in all directions. Instead of log cabins comfortable homes, owned for the most part by those who occupy them, are found on all our streets; our churches in number and architecture are not surpassed and, so far as I know, are not equaled by any other city of its size in the state. Our school buildings, also in number, structure and management are widely recognized and commended. In short, our city as a whole is creditable to those who have contributed to its development in the past century, and we are not ashamed to commend it to those who come after us. Mansfield, outside of its material develoyment, has much to commend it in the years that are gone. Certainly in macn of ability in all the departments of human endeavor, no city of its size has furnished a larger number; and for legislators and judges in state and nation there are few, if any, even of the larger cities in Ohio, that have done as well. The settlement of Ohio was a mighty work. Those who did it were men of iron nerve, undaunted courage and persistent force. God Almighty has so arranged and constituted the nature of things that nothing great or good or strong in matter or mind, comes to the earth except it could through struggle and through storm. It is this law and the struggle under it which has made Ohio, of all the states in the Union, foremost in war and in the councils of the nation. Long before another centennial clay shall be celebrated in this place you and I who are gathered here today will have pied away, and our children also will have passed away. Even our tombstones will be mossgrown and crumbling, but we may, if we will keep our memory green by transmitting to that generation unimpaired the faith and liberty received from our fathers. Now in conclusion, to those who may assemble in Mansfield a hundred years hence, as we are today, we send greeting, and bid then to love God and their country and transmit untarnished to their children the blessings they have received. At the conclusion of General Brinkerhoff's address he introduced Judge Edwin Mansfield, who spoke of the importance of the epoch which this event marked and referred in a touching manner to the hardship: endured by the early settlers of Mansfield. He contrasted time block house. which served as Richland county's first courthouse, with the present structure. The address was one of decided interest and was followed by much applause. During the Centennial parade, much interest was centered in the three Mexican war veterans, occupying a carriage in the parade. They were Amuel Wirts, Jacob Oyster and William Ferguson. Messrs. Wirts and Oyster were members of Captain George Weaver's Company D, Fourth Regiment, and although they had served together during the war, Centennial day was their first meeting since they had been discharged from the service in 1847 . Their meeting after a separation of sixty-one years was a very pleasant one, in each was possessed of a fair degree of health, strenuous war service and advanced age being considered. 58 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY CENTENNIAL NOTES. Among the interesting characters in attendance at the centennial celebration is Louis C. Hayes, of Jackson township, who handles the bass drum in the Hayes' drum corps, which participated in the parade. Mr. Haves was born May 21, 1839. He has been in the blacksmith, wagon and carriage business for more than fifty years and has been a Mason for forty-two years. For twenty-seven years. He has been a member of Mansfield Commandery No. 21, Knights Templar, and has missedonly a few meetings in all of that time. He belong, to the Methodist church and has spent his entire life on the farm where he now resides. As a boy he was a. passenger on the first free excursion that was ran on the Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark railroad. He holds a commission as lieutenant in the state militia, which was issued to him by Governor Todd near the close of the civil war. Among the pioneers of Mansfield whose descendants still reside here were Samuel Carrothers and his family who came to Mansfield in 1815 and located on he northwest corner of Fourth and Diamond streets. The elder Carrothers lived there until his death, June 20, 1864, at the age of eighty-six. Samuel L. Carrothers was born on that corner May 12, 1819, and at his death January 24, 1902, aged eighty-three, was the oldest man in Mansfield who was born here. He lived here his entire life and within a stone's throw of where he was born, his son John C. Carruthers, still residing in the home where his father lived so many years, it the southwest corner of Fourth and Franklin avenue. The museum in the Memorial building was open during the entire day and many people took advantage of this opportunity to make an inspection of it. Congressman J. Ford Laning arrived in the city from Norwalk at 2 o'clock Thursday afternoon and proceeded at once to the afternoon meeting at the opera house. The old block house on the courthouse lawn attracted many visitor and was open for inspection during the entire day. Merchants and citizens showed their interest in the celebration by decorating their stores, homes and lawns and the city presented a very attractive scene with its profuse display of flags and red, white and blue bunting. At the conclusion of Judge Mansfield's address, the parade was formed, as described by the following taken from the Mansfield Daily Shield When the centennial parade started at 10:30 o'clock the down torn streets were listed with thousands. Chief Weil of the police department and Chief Knofflock of the fire department, headed the procession in Chief Knolflock's buggy. Then came the city's finest, with military step and swinging clubs. Major Marquis, Captain Hastings and Lieutenant Beverstock followed on horseback and then came the Mansfield City band followed by Company M in command of Captain W. S. Bradford, making a fine appearance in their dressy uniforms. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 59 A long line of automobiles followed, containing members of the Richland County Historical Society, speakers, members of the Centennial commission and guests of honor, who included as number of pioneers. In one of the automobiles were noticed three pioneer citizens, Fred Walter. Peter Ott and M. L. Miller. William Courtney, the oldest male citizen of Mansfield, rode in his own carriage, accompanied by his wife. The Lewis Hayes’ drum corps headed McLaughlin Post. There was a large turnout of the veterans and they attracted much attention along the line of march. One of the most interesting features of the procession was the presences of three Mexican war veterans in the parade, who rode in B. Frank Palmer's carriage in the rear of the G. A. R. They were Samuel Wirts of Madison township, Jacob Oyster, of Jefferson township, and William Ferguson of this city. The German Pioneer Society followed the soldiers and had a large turnout. The German pioneers had much to do with the growth and development of the city and they attracted considerable attention along the line of march. The Citizens' band of Bellville made a good appearance and headed the uniformed Maccabees who made a very creditable appearance. Next in the parade were the firemen and apparatus from the three fire stations of the city. There were five pieces of apparatus in the procession and the firemen made as splendid appearance. The three section; were in charge of the different captains; Captain Mark, of No. 1 Station, Captain. Bell of No. 2 station and Captain Longsdorf of No. 3 station. A motor truck loaded down with people was a feature of the parade. it is a product of the Commerical motor Truck Company of Plymouth. Then came carriages and automobiles containing city and county officials. One of the striking features of the procession was a beautifully decorated auto, the property of Jud Lantz. The little folks from the Children's home in their holiday attire rode in the procession in a decorated wagon. The children attracted a great deal of attention. The parade was viewed from the balcony of the Southern Hotel. HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Immediately following the parade there was a short meeting of the Richland County historical Society at the C. A. R. hall at which General Brinkerhoff presided and during which an address was delivered by John C. Pius of Chicago, a former Mansfield attorney. The afternoon centennial program was opened by the drum corps, which played in front of the Memorial Opera House. The crowd soon began to assemble about the building. By the time the speaking began the house was comfortably filled. On the stage were seated the speaker, members of the historical Soci- 60 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY ety, members of the ministorial association and the musicians. General R. Brinkerhoff was the chairman of the meeting. After the invocation by Dr. D. J. Meese, General Brinkerhoff introduced the most important speaker of the day, Hiram Smith, Mansfield's grand old man. Mr. Smith was greeted with rounds of applause. Many had come just to hear this noted man. It is doubtful if any in the house had ever before listened to an address by a noon of Mr. Smith's age. The. address was well delivered, Mr. Smith's voice being so strong and clear it could be distinctly heard in all part of the house. The crowd paid Mr. Smith the utmost courtesy by the close attention it gave him. Mr. Smith spoke in part as follow : Asa Smith and Hannah Richmond Smith, my father and mother, moved from Seneca county, New York. in the spring of 1810 and settled on the banks of Lake Erie at Huron, Ohio, where I was born January 7, 1813. Before and during the war of 1812 the settlers experienced a great many hardships and their lives were in constant danger from the Indians. At the first election in Huron, Ohio, Asa Smith was elected justice of the peace. My father died in 1815. On the fourth of July, 1824, my sister, Clarrissa Smith, was married to Hugh McFall, of Mansfield, and about two months later, in September of the same year, she had me, her youngest brother, then only eleven years of age come to Mansfield and make my home with her. Mr. McFall was one of the early merchants of Mansfield and he came here in 1820. He took me into the store to do chores. I went to school in the winter. My teacher was Alexander Barr. The schoolhouse was on the north side of East Fourth street, near the big spring. The boys hod to take turns in chopping wood and building fires, and the girls in sweeping in the schoolroom at noon. I finished my education under Judge Jams Stewarts school on Park avenue west. In 1828 James Hedges was a member of the Ohio legislature and through his influence, Hugh McFall was made a presidential elector for this congressional district. In January, 1820, Hugh McFall went to Columbus and cast his vote for Andrew Jackson for president. Mr. McFall made the trip on horseback: as there were no stages running of that time. On his return lie brought a small keg of oyster in his saddle bags, the first oysters ever received in Mansfield. The keg contained about this quarts. We had a good deal of trouble in eating theirs as we did not late which end of the oyster to put in our mouths first, but with the assistance of our neighbors we got then all eaten. General Andrew Jackson was inaugurated president March 4, 1829. and a short time thereafter Hugh McFall received the appointment of postmaster which he filled during Jackson's two terms. I was appointed deputy postmaster and had special charge of the office. In 1830 there had accumulated a surplus of funds in the office of twelve hundred dollars. We received. an order from the postoffice department it Washington to deposit the money in the Franklin bank of Columbus Stages were not yet running. The money being all in silver the bulk was HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 63 both large and heavy. Mr. M Fall having been over the road so lately explained the way to go and the stopping places. My first stop was Fredericktown where I got my horse fed and dinner at Abner Ayer's hotel. From Fredericktown there was a new road cut through to Sunbury in Delaware county which was very thinly settled. At one place it was live miles between cabins. The first night I stopped at Mr. Potter's Tavern near the west line of Knox county. Mr. Potter in taking the saddle bags of the horse remarked, "Young, man this is very heavy." I explained to Mr. Potter the contents and requested him to put the saddle bags in a safe place. The next morning I started off all right. As the sun was going down I came to a cross road and learned from the guide board that it was nine mile, to Columbus and two miles to Worthington. I realized that I could not get to Columbus until late in the night, so I went to Worthington which was a new town laid out by Colonel Kilbourn who entertained travelers. When I rode up to the house Mr. Kilbourn came out and took the saddle bad off the, horse. He made the same remark that Mr. Potter had made. The next morning I rode into Columbus and made my deposit in the Franklin bank and remained there until the next morning looking around the city and through the first statehouse built in Columbus. The first stage line through Mansfield was established by Marsh & Barney. Mr. Marsh kept the first hotel in Sandusky and Mr. Barney lived in Mt. Vernon. They ran road wagons with canvas covers and carried all kinds of merchandise and passengers. They ran from Sandusky through Norwalk, New haven, Mansfield, Mt. Vernon to Delaware and made a round trip once a week. About 1831 Neal, Moore & Company established a daily line of stages from Columbus through Mt. Vernon, Mansfield and Norwalk to Sandusky. About two years later a line of stages was established from Pittsburg through New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster to Mansfield and a few years later was extended to Bucyrus. The old main line of stages was from Philadelphia through Lancaster, Harrisburg, Carlisle and Bedford to Pittsburg. On the National road from Baltimore to Wheeling, Columbus and continued on west and from Albany to Buffalo. They ran day and night. The driver carried a way bill with the names of every passenger. In those days the only mode of travel was by water, stage and horseback. The first steamboat on Lake Erie was called "Walk in the Water." She was a medium sized boat with a stern wheel. In those days there were no commercial travelers and we were compelled to go to eastern cities to buy our goods. Such articles as iron, nails and glass we bought in Pittsburg. John T. Creigh and Jerry Jaques each ran a regular line of big wagons of six horses between Mansfield and Pittsburg and supplied all the towns on their route. Before the days of canals and railroads I used to take the stage through to Philadelphia. and buy our goods and load them up in big Pennsylvania wagons, six horses to a wagon and have them hauled to Mansfield. We had to pay from five to six dollars for every one hundred pound. Upon 64 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY the return trip we would load the wagon with cranberries, ginseng, beeswax, butter, flaxseed and furs. At that time a great many swamps produced cranberries. There was a large one a short distance wet of Plymouth in this county. Ginseng was in great demand for Chinese trade. There was great difficulty in those days in having freight transported to the West from the Eastern cities . The first railroad in Pennsylvania was from Philadelphia. to Columbia The first railroad from Baltimore, the Baltimore & Ohio, was built to Elicott's Mills, then we had to take the stage to Wheeling, then continue on to Mansfield. The first railroad in the state of New York was from Albany to Schenectady. There was a stationary engine to haul the cars to the top of the hill at Albany and another to let thew down to Schenectady on the bank of the river. After the opening of the New York canal I would take a steamer at Sandusky to Buffalo, quit, the steamer at Buffalo and then take the canal At Weedsport I would take a hack to Auburn to buy carpenter tools made at the Auburn penitentiary. Returning to Weedsport I would take the canal to Albany thence by steamer to New York city. At one time I took a steamer at Buffalo for Sandusky in the evening. It was in the spring of the year and the ice was not all out of the lake. In the morning we found the steamer was anchored at the head of Grand Island in Niagara river. During the night a lot of floating ice had carried the boat down the river and we had to remain there until the ice had sufficiently passed to let the boat go up stream. At another time I left Buffalo in the evening for Sandusky. During the night the steamboat encountered a very severe storm. The passengers were ail put clown in the cabin. They could neither walk nor sit without holding to .something. Every article of furniture that was not flailed fast kept rolling from one side of the cabin to the other. Ater daylight it was ascertained that the vessel was lying off Erie, Pennsylvania, and it was several hours before the boat could get into port. As soon as the boat reached the dock the passengers tall disembarked and procured wagons to take there to Conneaut from which place the hake Shore road had just commenced running to Cleveland. The passengers all rejoiced when they got on land. On another trip to New York in the spring I took a steamer at Sandusky. We found a large amount of floating ice and the further we went down the lake the more it increased until we got entirely blockaded and could not go any further and the ice followed the boat. Next morning we found we were about a. mile from the Canadian shore and opposite Buffalo. The captain sent two men to the shore to let us know whether it was safe. As soon as they reached the shore they hoisted a. flag, all right. Then the passengers gathered up their baggage and started for the shore. The trunks they hauled on the ice with ropes. Then we had to hunt up farmers enough to haul us to the Niagara river opposite Buffalo. In 1851 I. was going from Boston to New York and I took the cars to Newport, Rhode Island at which place I took passage on the steamer Bay State. They left Newport in the evening and shortly after they got under HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 65 way supper was served. My attention was attracted to a family sitting opposite me at the triple. The family consisted of father, mother and seven, children, four girls and three boys. After supper I got engaged in conversation with the gent lemon and learned that he and his wife were natives of Connecticut but had removed to Wisconsin soon after their marriage and that this was the first time they had been back to visit their old home. The boat weaned to he well filled with passengers. About the middle of the night there was a great explosion winch awakened all of the passengers. This was followed by cries. I got up as soon as I could to ascertain what. had happened and there beheld one of the worst sights I ever saw. There lying on mattresses on the floor were three of the Wisconsin young ladies and two large men. The boiler had exploded beneath their state rooms and scalded them with steam. They covered their faces and hands with sweet oil and flour and the skin and flour would all roll off together. The captain shot off rockets to call other boats on the Sound to our assistance. About daylight there came alongside a boat and took us all to new York. On arrival they took the three ladies and the two men direct to the hospital. The next morning the city papers gave a full account of the disaster and said that the three young ladies from Wisconsin and the two men were dead. During the year's from 1825 to 1835 the Wyandot Indians used to come to Mansfield to do their trading. They made very fine maple sugar and mad bark buckets that held about fifty pounds. They would strap them together and put them across their horses and bring the sugar to Mansfield to trade for goods. Judge N. M. Wolfe spoke on Patriotic and Civic Pride. The Judge so he felt unfit to speak at a centennial celebration, especially to follow Hiram Smith. He said it was unnecessary for him to name the ancestry of the city. Judge Wolfe gave several good definitions for civic pride. He said that every citizen should foster civic pride in his own city. "Our first and best" city is Mansfield," he continued. "Our first duty is to it. this civic pride should extend to our neighbors.'' Judge Wolfe then went back to the civic pride of the pioneers of Mansfield. He paid a tribute to the patriotism of the pioneers of Richland county. Professor C. L. Martzolff of Athens University, the oldest college west of the Alleghenies and north of the Ohio, spoke on Ohio in History. The Professor is an orator and delivered a very finished address. He first, turned the attention of his hearers to the geological history of the state, telling, how natural resourees lured the emigrants to happy homes along the fertile rivers. In developing the resources of the state, the pioneers did not forget to raise men who were to be worthy to develop, the state. The professor gave his audience an instructive history of the cosmopolitan life which produced so mans great men. He paid due tribute to each nationality which settled within the borders of Ohio and cited the influence each left on the state. The intermingling of this blood puts Ohio. to the front with great men and women. 66 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY Professor Martzolff gave a most instructive talk on the history of the state and gave it in such a comprehensive way that it will long be remembered. James P. Seward gave a practical talk on Mansfield in History. He first spoke of the humble birth of Mansfield and said the village grew in wisdom and ability with years. After giving a brief history of Mansfield, Mr. Seward said he was not gifted of prophecy enough to foretell the future. But he spoke of the happy home and the contented people. He said the future of Mansfield or any cur must depend upon the soil. It was customary to boom the city, but he thought it better to boom the country on which the city depends. It is to the country, he said, to which we must look for future prosperity. Mr. Seward then gave the legislature a sharp rap for burdening the citizens with unnecessary laws. The laws of the municipality, lie declared, are one thing today, another tomorrow. Hon. W. S. Kerr spoke on the noted men of Richland county. He said the really great men of the county were the first settlers, though their names might not appear on the page of history. Mr. Kerr had a limited roster of noted names which he gave with reasons whir he considered them great men. These men are M. Bartley, a rnember of the legislature ; Judge James Stewart, one of the ablest jurist of the state; Thomas W. Bartley, at one time governor of Ohio; Judge Jacob Brinkerhoff, the great legislator: Sam J. Kirkwood, who studied law in this county, afterward governor of Iowa, a United States senator and also held a cabinet portfolio; General William McLaughlin, the warrior; Thomas H. Ford, lieutenant governor of Ohio: William Logan Harris, who became a bishop in the Methodist church; George W. Geddes, Barnabas Burns, A. M. Burns, M. D. Harter and Hon, John Sherman. Mr. Kerr then selected M. Bartley, Judge Brinkerhoff and John Sherman as the greatest of the list. He gave in a forceful manner the services each did for his country. The music for the afternoon was furnished by the Arion Singing society and the high school quartette, composed of Professor Albert Bellingham, Fred Langdon, Russell Vose and Russell Jelliff. The music was one of the best features of the program. The large crowd showed its interest by remaining throughout the afternoon and paying the closest attention. The evening meeting, which was presided over by M. B. Bushnell, was held in the Y. M. C. A. auditorium. Mr. Bushnell made the first address as follows: I wish to thank the official board of Richland county historical society .for the high honor of presiding as chairman this evening—closing the exercises for the centennial celebration of the city of Mansfield, the home of my infancy, childhood; manhood and my present residence. It is quite probable that no subject at this time is more discussed, and of more interest to the average citizen than good roads. At least the marvelous advance made in transportation. Richland county is a border between the hill country of Eastern Ohio, HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 67 and the level land on the Bucyrus plains as they were called by John Chapman, better known as Johnny Appleseed. The hills of our country amide an elevated dry path for the buffalo and other wild animals, and followed by the Indians across the vast wilderness. The roads from the East were slowly chopped out, and they invariably followed the old path, winding with the hills thus avoiding the low wet marshy land located in the valleys. This accounts for the public highways being on high ground and being more or less curved. Early in the present century the cattle were driven through to Philadelphia. I haye heard Robert Bentley, my grandfather, say that on hi annual' trips he would be absent from home six months. Now with our railroad facilities a shipper in Chicago with a full train load of cattle will start on Monday, reach the eastern market on Wednesday, returning to Chicago early Saturday morning. We understand the early pioneers were an industrious citizenship. They Were a brotherhood of the highest order. There was little money in north central Ohio, some little products of the farm could be exchanged at the village store. The families lived largely within themselves, but little time could be given to bridge, building or slightly improving, the roads. It has been a long hard struggle to fully open up the roads of our country. The pioneers of this vicinity were very much elated by an act of the legislature, February 4, 1825, which marks the beginning of the construction period of the Ohio canals. They were hopeful the Killbuck branch, as surveyed would pass up the Rockfork of the Mohican, thus passing through Mansfield to Sandusky. Time goes on apace. They were disappointed. but we discovered that, those towns favored by the Ohio canals are but little if any in advance of our beloved queen city. Our attention was turned to the building of steams railroads. The Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark, now Baltimore & Ohio, the Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago, now the Pennsylvania Company, Atlantic & Great Western, now the Erie. These great arteries of traffic place our city in a position to demand a, full share of the business of Northern Ohio. Our country highways. The main roads with the connecting lateral cross. roads have in recent years been kept in the bet- possible condition, with the material at hand we now have, the assurance of a great advance in road making. Our township trustees are issuing bond, Mansfield is meeting the township improvements, the county commissioners are paying a certain per cent, the state legislature is appropriating money and the general government has come forward with a liberal issue of bonds for the betterment. of the public roads. We hope the day is not for distant when it can be said that the streets and roads in Mansfield and Richland county are all in first class condition. With our steam railroads, with our interurban or electric roads, with 68 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY the highways graded and paved, it will be a joy to do business in any kind of a vehicle, for then all roads will run to Mansfield. The question of fuel supply dnring the early march of progress in Richland county, was given little thought. The old cabin home with its spacious fire place gave ample place for the back logs, the front log with the center finer wood thug furnishing heat for cooking and warming the home of one room, the kitchen, parlor and bedroom. As the woods yielded to the ax of the pioneer wood for fuel became a commodity of value in the country. The railroads a a first article of transportation delivered coal in the home market, a new fuel used in factories, public places of business and in the hones of the citizens. The coal supply in some sections has been mined out, but following close, when our faith was possibly growing a little weak looking into the future for a fuel, the good Lord has given us a. natural gas from the earth, in such abundant supply as to meet every condition. The great increase in population in towns and cities calls for light, heat, and power. Today electricity meets the demand, one small wire entering a Monte conveys the electric current that is so controlled that it supplies light, heat or power. The old red schoolhouse is passing, but rising; in its stead is the modern school building, the ward school, the high school and spacious college building. Do not be discouraged by the cry of the despondent, but be up and doing what you can for humanity. The time is at hand for active citizenship, the God of our fathers will aid and strengthen that people who will show an effort to help themselves. Hon. O. F. Randall of Columbus spoke on Ohio, past, present and future. He gave the early history of the races that struggled for supremacy in America. Ohio was the battle ground on which the French, English and the Indians contested for mastery in the Ohio valley. Mr. Randall pointed out the lessons taught by these makers of history. Mr. Randall then traced the diplomatic mission on which Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia sent George Washington into the Ohio country. The speaker told of the important part Ohio men played in the Spanish-American war and the Ohio diplomats who negotiated the peace. Mr. Randall said it was impossible to get away from Ohio. The speaker next spoke of the important port Ohio men took in putting down the Boxer uprising in China. It was an Ohio man, General Chaffee, who commanded the allies. Ohio men also played an important role in readjusting conditions after the war and preserved China as a nation. Peter Bissman, the best speaker, spoke of the bnsiness and tile, business men of Mansfield. Mr. Bissman’s talk was short but lie had condensed a great deal of the business history of the city into a few terse sentences. Mr. Bissman divided the business history of Mansfield into four epochs: the first saw the establishment of the retail business. Soon Martin was the first business man of Mansfield. He was succeeded by Levi .Jones, who conducted a general store on the H. L. Reed corner. Fredericktown was then HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 73 the market for all the products of Mansfield and vicinity. There was a distillery there and the produce was all taken to this place and exchanged for whicky or other commodities. The first epoch of Mansfield's business career saw the development of the hotels. John Wiler was the pioneer of this business and laid the foundation. It was for this nab that the Wiles House was named. James Purdy was another prominent man also belonged to tins period. To the second epock belong the development of the railroads and the fire department. Dr. Bushnell raised one hundred and fifty dollars for the first fire department. The completion of the first, railroad changed the market of Mansfield's products from Fredericktown to Pittsburg and other eastern cities. The Sturges. Hedges and the Bushnells were prominent. in the development of this epoch. The third period of Manfield's history saw the development of the banking system and the last period saw the development of the wholesale industry. Mr. Bissman said that the early business rnen could not dream of the business methods of today. "We do not have to go away to find acres of diamonds. Mansfield never was a boom town, but has always had a steady growth.” The program was shortened by the absence of Verner Z. Reed of Colorado Springs, a former Mansfield man, who was to habe spoken on home coming but was enable to get here. The programi was interspersed by selection, by the high school quartette which were very pleasing. This closed the program of the evening. Thus the Centennial celebration was brought to a fitting though not a spectacular close. The Historical Society, which had charge of the celebration, feel well repaid for their efforts in bringing about this home coming and celebration. THE MANSFIELD OF FIFTY YEARS AGO. The first city directory of Mansfield was published in 1858—just fifty years ago. It was compiled by C. S. Williams and contained about one hundred pages and one thousand four hundred and fifteen names. Of the persons therein named less than one hundred are now living. The postoffice was on the west side of Main street, between Third and Fourth streets—Wiler House block. The postmaster was, Jacob Reisinger, and the office hours were from 7 a. m. to 8 p. m. THE CHURCHES. Baptist.—Baptist Church, north side Third between Sugar and Winter. Rev ---- - --. Pastor. Disciples.—Disciples Church, southwest corner Mulberry and Bloom. Rev. Andrew Burns, Pastor. Protestant Episcopal—Episcopal Church, south side Third between Walnut and Mulberry. Rev. Joseph Muenscher, Rector. Methodist—Methodist Episcopal Church, northwest corner Water and Market. Rev. William H. Nickerson, Pastor. 74 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY Presbyterian—Presbyterian Church, southwest corner East Diamnnd and Public Square. Rev. J. N. Burgett. Pastor. United Presbyterian - United Presbuterian Church, Southeast corner Third and Mulberry. Rev. David Paul, Rev. David W. Collins. Pastors. German Evangelical Church.—German Evangelical Association Church. southeast corner First and Mulberry. Rev. Albert Schorz, Pastor. Seceders —Seceders' Church. north side Market. west of Mulberry. __________ _________, Pastor. Roman Catholic.—Roman Catholic, east side Mulberry. between First and Second. Rev. Michael O'Neil, Pastor. Congregational.—Congregational Church, south side Market, west of Mulberry, Rev. W. W. Woodworth, Pastor. Lutheran — English Evangelical Church, northwest corner Walnut and Second. Rev. Simon Fenner, Pastor. The names of the then officers of the city government are given. L. W. Littler. mayor: Mansfield H. Gilkinson, marshal, Zalmon S. Stocking, treasurer; L. B. Matson, solicitor, Jacob Brown, engineer; H. P. Davis, clerk councilmen, J. H. Cook, president: R. C. Smith. Hubbard Colby, John Wise, Frederick Wise George W. Sheets, B. Burns. William Mcllvain. There were three justices of the peace—William W. Smith, J. E. Barbour and George Armentrout. John CraIl and Nicholas Pluck were constables. There were four assessors—A. H. Shamp, First ward; John Wise, Second ward; A. Morrow. Third ward and Hiram Cake, Fourth ward. The city board of education consisted of B. Burns, president : H. P. Davis, clerk; W. C. Catlin. superintendent: Uzziel Stevens and H. C. Hedges. Mrs. M. E. Catlin was principal, Miss Marla Parsons, assistant and Rev. J. Rowland, classical teacher in the high school. while five primaries, five secondaries and one central grammar school suffered to furnish school facilities for Mansfield's pupils. The following are named among the public buildings and hall, Rowlands block, Cantwell's building. Commercial Block, Melodeon hall, Wilkinson's building. Weldon house building, location or site of which known only to older citizens today. The town was rich in military organizations of the 16th Division Ohio Volunteers, James Cantwell, major general: Z. S. Stocking. inspector: Gaylord McFall, quartermaster general: B. Burns, judge advocate. There were two banks, the Farmers and Sturges bank, a Mansfield Library association and a Young Men's Christian association, of which the directors were J. M. Cantwell, E. S. Hiestand, M. Bowers, W. Burr, R. Brinkerhoff, Seth C. Hickox, J. Trimble and Thomas McCormick. The directory lists at that time as engaged in the dry-goods trade. Avery & Askew. Henry Endly, E. & C. Hedges. P. Remy & Co., T. J. Robinson, H. R. Smith. Strong. Hetrick & Lang, Sturges & Co., N. Tucker and Weldon & Denman. The lawyers of that day were Burns & Dickey. Carpenter & Gass. James Cobean, Davis & Smith. D. Dirlam, Ford & Bowles, Jeffries & Jidspm. Wil- HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 75 liams, Johnston, I. W. Littler, L. B. Matson, J. M. and M. May.William D. McBride, William McLaughlin, James Purdy, Charles T. Sherman, Sherman & Hedges, W. W. Smith and William Stevens. Niman & Thompson, Couffer & Grove, J. A. Heldman were the cabinet and furniture tanker. The blacksmiths were Andrew Boughton, George Bowers, Thomas Dill, George Herring, Joseph H. Herring, Jacob Leiter and John Secrist. The physicians were William Bushnell, William Blecker, J. Y. Cantwell, J. M. Chandler, William Loughridge, L. P. Harris, H. O. Mack, John Main, G. Ford, Milton Mitchell, John N. Mowry. David F. Phillips, Julius C. Schenck, John J. Sturges and Alexander Sutherland. The grocers (wholesale) were E. Clapp, McFall J Co., W. F. Spice & Son and James Dickson, the latter with, the following being retailers : Philip Arras, Timothy Casey, J. & T. Costin, Joseph Huber, John Krause, Jacob Krill, Jacob Krumm, Adam Matthes, Joseph Redrup, Andrew Reman, G. P. Rowly & Co., T. U. Schmid Christopher Sunkel, Henry Voegele and Louis Vonhof. The hardware dealers were J. S. Blymyer & Co., A. J. Eadly and B. S. Runyan. The late Senator Sherman with the late David Emminger, under the no name of Emminger & Sherman, were lumber dealers and had a planing mill which still stands on the east side of Main a little south of Fifth. The saddle and harness makers were Hiram Antibus, Isaac C. Fair, McKellip & Johnston and N. S. Reed. The hotels were the Exchange, the Franklin, the St. Charles, the Phoenix, the Mansfield Junction Dining Hall, the Station, the Wiler, the Weldon and the North American. In the boot and shoe trade were Peter Ackerman, C. M. Curtis, Philip Denzer, Jacob Drackert, Keiser, Emig & Co., Keiser & Wolford, H. R. Smith, and Robert Weiskotten. The carpenters and builders were John Bell. Benjamin K. Henry, Joseph McGuire, Samuel Webber and E. Wolff. The druggists were David Markward, William B. Mercer, Dr. J. N. Mowry and Stocking & Bigelow. G. H. Dougherty, John Heib, Samuel McCrory, McCullough & Risser, M. L. Miller. T. Paisley and Adam Seibert were those who as tailors formed the mold of fashions of those days. The hotels have already been mentioned but there were also boarding houses, and the list of those conducting them was as follows: Mansion House, A. R. Pool; Mrs. Elizabeth Blair, Mrs. Annetta S. Burr, Mrs. Mary Frazer, Mrs. Mary Hoke, Mrs. Mary Robbins and F. A. Thomas. Those conducting the dressmaking establishments were: Misses V. and S. Coates, Miss H. Ingersoll, Mrs. C. C. Kellogg & Co., Miller & Super. Miss N. J. Stewart. The venerable Levi Zimmerman is named as the only coppersmith in the city; Laban Roberts, edge tool manufacturer: Mrs. Mary G. Lemon, dyer: C. C. Keech and H. L. King, hats, caps and furs; Reason Nail, ice dealer; 76 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY Seth W. Eells, ink manugacturer; Henry Bletz, Michael Dell, R. H. Grubaugh and J. K. Mooney, coopers; Thomas Bros., Frederick Becker and Herman Grater, bakers : candy manufacturer, F. Clapp; Harvey & Long and Joseph Lithner, brewers; Frederick Christman, carpet weaver; George Coher, bellows manufacturer: John Leiter, Bath house; M. Day and Joseph Ritter. tanners; Andrew Boughton, veterinary surgeon: Jacob Arting, A. Lord, Isaac Pleasants and William Stewart, barbers; Thomas Robert;, coal dealer: Ii. McComb & Co., Sturges & Tracey and Thayer Bros., commission merchants: John Rickets and Hiram Wheeler, gunsmiths; Mrs. Mary Myers, laundress Josiah Larimer, Reed & Underwood and Snyder & Morrow liverymen; Mcfall & Co., liquors wholeaale; omnibus line. Poole & Scott : Cole & Conant. music store; Isaac B. Hoffer, George Laver & Son, John Metzger, meat stores: S. Downing, Xaver Oeyen, Joseph N. Snyder and A. Wright, painters; D. Carlisle, Mrs. L. A. Davism Loranger &, Newman and A. Whissemore. photographer; Philip Gardener, rope maker. Among various other of the tradesmen and artisans mentioned were these:  G. Dufrainoit, wig maker: William H. Harris and Jacob Straub wagon makers; M. P. Howlett, shingle machine maker; William C. McBride, pension agent. L. B. Natsibm notary public; Stevens Bros., mattress Manufacturers; jewelry, watches, etc. John A. Lee, R. P. Micks. Patterson & Wilkinson ; gas fixtures. John N. Mowry; civil engineer, Jacob Brown; P. Spadaccini, ornamental plaster worker; Jacob Steinruck, produce; George Shambs, cigar and tobacco rnanufacturer: Ebenezer W. Smith, general agent American Bible society; Jones Smith. deputy county auditor. John B. Netscher and T. W. Schmid conducted billiard rooms and the then "coffee houses" were operated by John Klein and John B. Netscher, F. A. Thomas had an eating saloon. J. Sayre was an egg packer. Caesar Schneeweiss was a clerk who boarded at the Weldon house. Bernhard Sens, tailor. Constantine Seman, drayman ; John H. Shea. cabinet maker; Henry Shellenbarger, teacher; Lowry Sibbett, steward of Mansfield Female Seminary, and Mrs. M. A, Stokes, milliner, are among the names and occupations given of many of those familiar to the older citizens of Mansfield. THE MANSFIELD OF TODAY There is not a city in the state more easily reached than is Mansfield. It is centrally located being seventy-seven miles from Cleveland, sixty-miles from Sandusky, sixty-seven miles from Columbus, eighty-seven miles from Toledo, one hundred and eightv-four miles from Cincinnati. one hundred and seventy five miles from Pittsburg and one hundred and forty-five miles from Ft. Wayne. Four steam railroads enter the city from the four corners of the state. The Pittsburg. Ft. Wayne & Chicago route of the Pennsylvania system, the Erie and B. & O. (all three trunk lines), and the Toledo, Walhonding Valley and Ohio (which connects the Ft. Wayne route with the Panhandle route—a trunk line) and the Wheeling & Lake Erie railroad at Coshocton, HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 77 sixty-three miles southeast of Mansfield. On these four roads there are forty-six passengers trains in and out of Mansfield every twenty-four hours. Mansfield also has three electric interurban railroads—the Cleveland Southeastern–which connects Mansfield with Crestline, Galion and Bucyrus on the west. and with Ashland on theeast; the Mansfield-Shelby line connects Mansfield with the Big Four at Shelbv, as the Southeastern also does with Crestline and Galion. The Mansfield-Shelby line connects at Shelby with the Sandusky, Norwald and Mansfield line to Norwalk and to points on the lake. A number of other lines are in prospect with work already commenced on some of them, notably the line being built from Mansfield to Wooster. Every morning during the past summer a fine trolley car left Mansfield at 7:30 a. m. running through without change to Sandusky and the lake; this was over the Cleveland & Lake Shore road. Mansfield is destined to become the great trolley line center of north-central Ohio. Mansfield is the highest (in elevation) of any city in the state, one thousand feet above the sea level, and a city of about twenty-four thousand people and covering about three thousand acres of ground, about one hundred and ten of which are in parks owned and maintained by the city. one of which is at the edge of the city and contains eighty-six acres, and one in the center of the city of about one and one-half acres. Also two private parks (free admission) with the usual amusements. The purest city drinking water (ninety-two per cent)) in the state. direct from artesian wells, with ample supply for domestic and fire purposes, with a pumping station owned and operated by the city with forty miles of water mains. A modern sewerage disposal plant (which purifies the sewerage to ninety-seven per cent pure water) and garbage crematory costing $85,000 A fire deportment with three stations strictly modern, with seventy-one fire alarm boxes, forty-one miles of fire alarm telegraph wire and two hundred and fifty-six fire hydrants. A high school building costing $150,000 and eight modern ward school buildings with a corps of one hundred and eight teachers and two thousand eight hundred and sixty-three pupils. The modern kindergarten building of the slate. A model of this building was made by the Ohio commission for the Jamestown exposition for exhibition at the exposition as the model of Ohio kindergarten building; and is now part of the permanent educational exhibit at the Ohio State University at Columbus. The Ohio State Reformatory, America's leading penal institution, cost $1,250,000. A $75,000 soldiers' and sailors' memorial building, containing a public reading room and library and an opera house seating one thousand five hundred people, owned by the city and township. A modern county children's home. A modern and complete emergency hospital. A modern and complete sanitarium. A $35,000 Carnegie library (nearly completed). 78 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY A $50,000 Y . M. C. A. building. A casino seating 800 people. Twenty churches—three within a square each seating one thousand two hundred people, and twelve within a radius of three squares. Has only property in the world owned by a Christian Endeavor Union. Six banks and three building and loan associations. A clearance house with an average weekly clearance of about $390.000 City property valued it $3,159,434 with a total city bonded indebtedness of only $428,000. Day and night electric currents with 77-50 candle power and 220-2000 candle power are lights for sheet lighting. Natural and artificial gas, with fifty-two miles of pipe. Thirty-three miles of paved streets. Twenty-eiglit miles of sewers. Four thousand six hundred and eighty Bell and Independent the phones in use in the city. Eight miles of electric street railway (first electric railway in Ohio). Two hundred stores, employing between four and five hundred clerks One hundred and fifty manufacture employing about four thousand employees and manufacturing stoves, pumps, bath room supplies, plumbing supplies, brass goods, electric railway, light and power machinery, buggies, wagons, harrows, threshers, separators. engines. boilers, gloves, suspenders. elastic webbing, candy, crackers, cigars, flour, watch cases, bed springs and mattresses, barber chairs, show cases, washing machines. safety valves, etc. and shipping their products all over the world. The largest manufactory of overhead electric railway supplies in the world. Seventeen cigar factories, manfacturing about forty million cigars annually, and employing about one thousand two hundred people. Three large flour mills. Three large wholesale groceries, also wholesale drug, hardware, cigars, rubber boots and shoes, confectionery, flour. fruit, granite and marble, lumber, notions. Eight hotels. Two daily and three weekly newspapers. THE GROWTH OF MANSFIELD One hundred years ago the land whereon Mansfield now stands was covered with the primitive forest, except a small clearing at the public square, at the northwest corner of which a cabin had been built. Now, instead of forest trees, there are the chimneys and smokestacks of shops and factories, and where the cabins stood there are now massive blocks of brick and stone and palatial residences flank our streets and avenues. And the Mansfield of today has extensive factories, foundries, work and mills, whose products, adjuncts and cognate industries make the city one of the most flourishing in the state. And its railroad facilities are unsur- HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 81 passed—three trunk lines crossing within our borders, with a fourth road extending from the coal fields of the southeast to the lake shore on the northwest, handing both the products of the mines and the iron ore and other commerce of the lake. Among the luxuries of the age, which we flour now look upon almost as necessities are nine miles of street electric railway, electric light. electric fire alarms, telephone, water works, an efficient fire department. free postal delivery, Memorial library, building, free library, free museum, free reading rooms, attractive parks and enterprising daily newspapers. And these are not all, for Mansfield has forty miles of paved (asphalt, brick and macadam) streets, making it one of the best paved towns in the country, and the streets are so smooth and clean that pedestrians can take to metropolitan ways; and cross streets anywhere and vehicles abound and lover's of riding and driving can complacently look back to the mud roads and cobbled streets of ten years ago. During the summer season a great deal of "outing" is, enjoyed, and those who have wheels or conveyances of their own take long rides along the pleasant driveways which allure them on through the city to the park, whose shady, winding avenues present panoramic-like views, fresh and joyous from nature. The topography of the ground upon which Mansfield is built, and its undulating surface make the view of the city from either of its surrounding hills picturesque and enhancing. And art has combined with nature to make Mansfield one of the most attractive of Ohio cities. A stranger (coming to Mansfield will here find people as hospitable. refined and intelligent as those of any other community in the country; a people of sterling personal character, with love of hone, respect for low, order and the rights of our fellow citizens; a people educated and cultured, such as would command prominence in the social, intellectual, professional, business and political walks of any city in America. Public progress is stamped on every feature of the city, and its enterprises are as boundless as the material resources of the county are prolific. ]n a paper read before the annual meeting of the Fifty Thousand League, May 24, 1898. Emmett C. Baxter gale a tabulated exhibit, of the manufacturing output of Mansfield, by which it is shown that we ship annually from our mills, foundries and factories: One hundred and eighty thousand barrels of flour, fifty thousand barrels of crackers, seventy-five thousand iron pumps, twenty-four thousand heating and cook stoves, five hundred threshing and separating machines , two hundred clover hullers, six hundred farm engines, one hundred thousand horse power of steam boilers, twelve thousand farm harrows, fifteen million cigars, two million four hundred thousand pairs of suspenders. The above does not include the outputs of many other shops and numerous other items that it would be almost impossible to ascertain and classify. The sum total of the shipments stated amount annually to $6,375,000. The pay roils of these shops amount to $88,000 a month—$1,056.000 a year. These figures do not include the income and expenditure of the smaller factories, ,shops, stores and the newspaper offices. 82 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY The shop from which Mr. Baxter got reports employ over two thousand seven hundred hands and estimating that the family of each of then employees average four persons, these shop part a grand army of over ten thousand people. The figures given of Mansfield's manufacturing output are only fron seven or eight of the largest firms of aver one hundred and forty factories many of which are acknowledged to be the best in the country. In the wholesale trade, Mansfield being, an excellent: shipping point, the grocery line alone amounts to $2,000,000 annually. And the jobbing hardware, queensware and other branches are not far behind. The clearing house reports a bus less of $4,982,040.02 for the year 1898, and two banks are not in the association, and their business is no included in these figures. As a place for holding conventions Mansfield offers advantage. unequaled by airs other inland city in Ohio, being centrally located ant having railroad facilities and excellent hotel accommodations. THE PARKS. Central Park, formerly called the public square. is in the central part of the city, well. dotted with shade trees, and in its center is a fountain, both useful and ornamental, whose draughits are seemingly made more cooling and refreshing by the aesthetic surroundings, as the spray casts a rainbow halo overhead and the perfume of flowers glalden the air from the four urns of the fountain's rim. The soldiers' statue-monument, facing the west now typifies a new meaning and verifies the prophetic words of Thomas H. Bentonn, who, pointing to the west, exclaimed: "There is the east and them is the road to India!" Hawaii and the Philippine Islands are already ours. At on angle from the fountain and monument, forming a triad, is the band stand from which free concerts are given on summer evenings. Seats are placed around and among the trees, for the convenience of the public. The Sherman-Heineman park, adjoining the city on the west, comprises eighty acres, twenty-five of which are of native forest. The park commissioners had the ground laid out by a landscape gardener, and shore an yearly appropriations for its further improvement and maintenance. This plark is a favorite place for picnic parties, society socials and family gatherings. There are artificial lake, well-kept walks and over six miles of improved driveways, and the grounds are reached by two miles of electric cars . At the end of the West Fourth street car line there is a modern casino with a seating capacity for one thousand five hundred people. The grounds surrounding the casino are called Casino park south and west of which is Luna park, run by a private company in the interest of amusements. At the south end of the Sherman-Heineman park certain land has been obtained, a drive-way opened through the same and an artificial lake made, of considerable area and this new part of the park bids fair to be the most attractive of all. Some years ago a tract of land in Johns' addition to the city of Mansfield was donated by the heirs of the late Benjamin Johns for park purposes. There was some misunderstanding between the HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 83 donor rand the city in regard to the transfer of the park property. This, it is hoped will be settled satisfactorily to all parties, for, on account of the commanding situation of the land, Johns' park can he made one of the most handsome and attractive of our numerous parks. Charles F. Ackerman recently laid out an additions to the city on South Main street. A beautiful tract of ground in the cent or of the addition has been given for a park. During the summer of 1908 the school board gave the use of the hedges street school grounds for park purposes and the same was equipped with electric lights, benches, etc., and is a favorite pleasure resort for the people of the southeast part of the city. The grounds are large, making the park a commodious one. The Ohio Reformatory is located at the northern part of the city and is also reached in the electric cars. The fact that, an average of two hundred freight and forty passenger trains pan through tthecity daily shows the magnitude of the railroad traffic to, from and through Mansfield. Mansfield is supplied with water by the Holly system from spring and artesian wells, and has over forty-five miles of mains. The plant is owned by the city and the water supply is as pure as the best and unlimited. The city is well lighted, there being about forty miles of electric light wires, with one hundred and sixty are lights, besides other lamps. The tire department one of the best in the state, is equipped with the Gamewell electric alarms, using over thirty miles of wire. Official reports of mortality in different cities of the country, showing the number of deaths in each one thousand of population, are as follows: