850 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY his widow, who yet resides on the old homestead in Mifflin township. Unto this worthy couple were born five children, namely : Albert H., of Washington township ; James F., living on the home place in Mifflin township; Jacob W., of this review ; Loretta, the wife of George Braden, of Washington township; and Vernon, who is also on the home place in Mifflin township. Jacob W. Keefer was reared on the old homestead farm in Mifflin township, and acquired his education in the district schools. He remained under the parental roof and assisted his father in the work of the fields until the time of his marriage, after which he was actively engaged in the operation of a tract of one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 12, Washington township, which he rented from his father. In 1900 he purchased this place and has since met with an enviable and well merited measure of prosperity in his farming interests here. He now has a model farming property of the twentieth century, having remodeled the buildings and made many substantial improvements. On the 20th of November, 1890, Mr. Keefer was united in marriage to Miss Cora Aby, whose birth occurred in Monroe township, April 7, 1871, Her parents are Solomon and Elizabeth (Gougwer) Aby, the former born in Monroe township, October 6, 1842, and the latter in 1849. They celebrated their marriage on the 17th of May, 1870, and the father carried on agricultural pursuits in Monroe township until 1883, when he purchased a farm in Mifflin township, where he has since made his home. His family numbers six children, as follows : Mrs. Keefer ; Stella, wife of Ovid Mitchell; Charles; Bert; Effie, deceased; and Elta. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Keefer have been born three children : Leta, Boyd and May. Mr. Keefer gives stalwart allegiance to the men and measures of the democracy, and is a member of the Patrons of Industry. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Washington Congregational church, and they are highly esteemed and worthy residents of this county, in which they have spent their entire lives. WILLIAM M. DOUGHERTY. William M. Dougherty, who for many years was closely associated with agricultural interests and who was numbered among the veterans of the Civil war, made in his active life a record which causes his name to be honored and his memory cherished now that he has passed away. He was born in New Jersey, September 17, 1831, and became a resident of Crawford county, Ohio, at the age of nine months, being brought to this state by his parents, Daniel and Lydia (Orwich) Dougherty, who were also natives of New Jersey. In Crawford county he spent the days of his boyhood and youth, no event of special importance occurring to vary the routine of farm life for him. There came a decided change in his life work when, after the outbreak of the Civil war, he responded to the country's call and went to the front as a member of Company H, Sixty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He enlisted HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 853 from Shelby and after eleven months' service was honorably discharged, owing to physical disability. He could not content himself, however, to remain at home while the Union was thus endangered and re-enlisted in Wyandot county, joining the Eighty-second Regiment, with which he remained until the close of the war, serving altogether for thirtymonths. He participated in a number of hotly contested battles, was with Sherman on his celebrated march to the sea, abd made an excellent record as a brave and loyal soldier, never faltering in the performance of any duty, no matter how arduous. When, the war was over Mr. Dougherty returned to Crawford county, Ohio; where he engaged in threshing. While there residing he was united in marriage on the 7th of February, 1867, to Miss Maria E. Hahn, who was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, September 17, 1840, and was brought to Shelby, Ohio, by her parents in the fall of 1851. She is a daughter of Mathias and Mary Ann (Martin) Hahn, who were natives of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and cast in their lot with the early settlers of Richland county, Ohio. Her father worked at the carpenter's trade most of his life. After living for some time in Shelby he removed to Crawford county and his wife died at the age of fifty-two years, While he passed away at the age of fifty-seven. They were worthy people who enjoyed to the fullest extent the confidence and good will of those who knew them. In their family were four sons and four daughters, all of Whom were reared in Shelby and the two youngest were born in this city. Of this family Mrs. Dougherty is the eldest and the thers are: John, who is engaged in the insurance business and has attained wealth in his various business concerns, Elizabeth, now deceased, William, of Mansfield, who has held many political offices; Joseph, proprietor of a hotel at Andover, Ohio, Mrs. Rhuma Crouse, deceased, Daniel, who is living at Tyro, Ohio; and Estella, of Toledo. Mr. and Mrs. Dougherty began their domestic life in Crawford county, where after their marriage he followed farming for two years and then came to Shelby in 1869, locating on a farm near the town. Later they removed to Mansfield, where he engaged in teaming for a while, but subsequently they returned to Crawford and resided with his parents until they died, caring for them in their declining years. The father reached the very venerable age of ninety-eight years, while the mother passed away at the age of eighty-three years. Following the death of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Dougherty returned to the farm south of Shelby but about eighteen years ago retired, taking up their abode in Shelby, where Mr. Dougherty spent his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He died here May 19, 1905, and his death was the occasion of sincere and deep sorrow to many friends as well as to his wife and kindred. He gave his political allegiance to the republican party and he held membership with the Grand Army of the Republic, thus maintaining close relations with his old army comrades. While he never sought to figure in any public light nor tried to gain notoriety in office or in any other way, in his home locality he occupied a position that was accorded him in recognition of his genuine worth and many good traits of character. Practically his entire life was spent in Ohio and he ,left behind him many friends in the 854 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY different parts of the state in which he lived. Mrs. Dougherty still resides in Shelby, where she is well known. Here she has a pleasant home, while her business resources are sufficient to, supply her with all of the comforts of life. JOHN ULRICK WILER. John Ulrick Wiler was born in Mansfield, April 20, 1824, a son of John Jakob Wiler. The latter was born in Herisau, Appenzell county, Switzerland, June 4, 1780, and was the oldest of a large family of children, only four of whom reached the age of manhood and womanhood. When quite young he learned the trade of a weaver in his native town, which he continued until his fifteenth year, then went to France, where he remained for two years, after which he traveled through the different countries of Europe as a journeyman weaver for fifteen years. During the campaign of Napoleon I, he enlisted in the Swiss army and saw duty along the frontier. While engaged in his occupation as a journeyman weaver he passed over the battlefield of Leipsie, while the dead were being buried. Mr. Wiler sailed for America from Amster. dam on the 19th of May, 1817, in the ship "Bourbon," Captain William Gobrell in charge. He landed in Philadelphia., after a voyage of ninety-nine days, on the 26th of August, 1817. During the voyage a disease broke out on the vessel called "ship fever," of which a hundred and five persons, out of the five hundred on board the vessel, died and were buried in the sea. After landing at Philadelphia, Mr. Wiler was sent to the hospital, suffering from the effects of the ship fever. He remained at the institution three months, after which he set out on foot through Pennsylvania, accompanied by his nephew, John Ulrick Tanner, who had crossed the ocean' with him. After touring Pennsylvania Mr. Wiler came to Ohio and stopped about a year in Lancaster, then went to Columbus and thence to Mansfield. Mr. Wiler, who in addition to his trade as a weaver, had become a baker, opened a bakery in Mansfield and seeing the demand for a house of entertainment, opened a hotel, then called a tavern, in a building situated upon the lot where the Bird building now stands. In the meantime he had married Miss Margaret Steyer, of Franklin township, this county. Miss Steyer's . father owned the lot where Mr. Wirer started his hotel, renting the property from Mr: Steyer. Henry Steyer, and Henry Steyer, Jr., father and brother of Mrs. Wiler, were soldiers in the war of 1812. After the close of the war Mr. Steyer and his sons came to Richland county and located north of Mansfield, in what is now Franklin township. His son Henry's health failed on account of his hard service and exposure in the army, and Miss Margaret's sisterly care and attention could not restore to health a constitution undermined by the exposures of camp and field, and it was soon said of him, as in time it will be written of us all, "And he died." Mr. Wiler's tavern was known for many years as the "Wiler House," and it was changed with the times from a small log building to a large brick structure which was widely known as a popular place of entertainment. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 855 John Jacob Wiler and wife were the parents of nine children, all of whom are now dead except Mary Ann—Mrs. J. H. Cook. Two sons who were grown to manhood, died in California of cholera; the others died in infancy and youth. Mr. Wiler died August 1, 1881. His wife preceded him to the Father's home by thirteen years, having passed away May 25, 1868. Mr. Wiler passed the latter years of his active busy life at the family homestead, corner of Fourth and Mulberry streets, which had been his home for many years, and where he died in the confidence of the Christian faith and in peace with his fellowmen. He was a devoted husband and an effectionate father. Having a vigorous constitution, by his untiring industry and economy he amased considerable wealth, which he still held at the time of his death. No one in the county was held in higher esteem for strict honesty and integrity than Mr. Wiler and no one was more generally known while he was in active life. In 1848 John Ulrick Wiler formed a partnership with John A. Lee in the jewelry business, which terminated in four years, Mr. Lee retiring and Mr. Wiler continuing in the business until 1857. Mr. Wiler later engaged in mechanical pursuits, in which he was assisted by his sons. On November 14, 1850, Mr. Wiler was united in marriage to Miss Anna Louise Robens, by the Rev. James W. Dickey, and they were the parents of five children, three sons and two daughters. The sons are John Jacob, Hervey Henry and David Ephraim. The daughters were named Anna Licetta and Margaret Eva. Anna Licetta died when fifteen months old. Mr. Wiler passed away October 6, 1894, cheered to the last by the unfailing tenderness and devotion of wife and daughter. The mother was spared nine years longer to brighten the home with her gentle presence that fell like a benediction on all around her. Mrs. Wiler passed to the better life October 24, 1903, sadly mourned by her children and friends. John U. Wiler was an honest, honorable and valued citizen of Mansfield and did much toward the upbuilding of the city from the small village in which he was born. He was active in business pursuits and good works. He was a peaceable, inoffensive and law-abiding man. He was liberal in his views and honest in his dealings with his fellowmen. He was upright in character and maintained the reputation of his father for goodness and honesty and instilled into the minds of his children the same principles of truth and right which had been handed down to him. The children of John U. Wiler all honor and revere the memory of their parents and grandparents, for the noble principles of both were instilled into them from childhood. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Wiler proved a very happy one. Mr. Wiler was an exemplary husband and a good father. Mrs. Wiler was a loving wife, a kind and indulgent mother and an excellent neighbor. No one was ever turned hungry from her door and she was ready at all times to assist the poor and needy. In fact to meet her was to respect her, to know her was to love and adore her and to revere her for her kindness and goodness of heart. She was a patient sufferer for a number of years before her death, through all of which she expressed thanks to the good Lord for all his mercies. Her end was as peaceful as her life had been. 856 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY The sons of John U. Wiler are skilled mechanics and machinists, as was their father, and they continue in the same line of business at the same place. They, with. their sister, Miss M. Eva Wiler, still reside in the family home on West Fourth street, the home where their parents resided from their early life and where they died, the second house west of the old homestead of John Jacob Wiler and family. Miss M. Eva Wiler is endowed with a degree of magnetism which draws her a large circle of friends, and those who know her well have much reason to love her, for she is ever ready in sympathy and is free from affectation. The feminine nature with its love of home, its instinct of beauty and its innate desire to minister to the comforts of its beloved are very notable in Miss Wiler, and its duties are most ably and conscientiously discharged by her. She was blessed with an exceptionally good mother, the narrative of whose lifereads like one of saints. She was a Christian woman and was the guid of her children in everything that was good and noble, and these good qualities have been inherited by her daughter. There is nothing in the divine ordering of human lives more beautiful than the way in which opportunities to do noble work grow out of similar work which has already been faithfully done. Life is no longer fragmentary, everything has meaning and unity, and the toiler goes thankfully on through the broader activities and into the deeper consecration, developing always a less self-conscious personality but one every where more definitely recognized and honored. Miss Wiler's work and home life have developed her inherited noble instincts. and made her self-sacrificing although yet young in years. She is an accomplished young lady and has a natural talent for music. CHRIST B. STRAUCH. Christ B. Strauch, who for twenty years was engaged in the dairy business, is now giving his attention to general farming on a tract of thirty-two acres located in Sandusky township.. He is a native of Rhineberger, Germany, born March 28, 1842, a son of Christ, Sr., and Margaret (Weaver) Strauch, who are likewise natives of the fatherland. The father was a shoemaker by trade and conducted business in that line in his native country. In 1848, however, he emigrated with his family to the United States and located in Crawford county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming. His family numbered four children, namely : Conrad, who lives in Crestline; Christ B., of this review ; and Elizabeth and Adam, both of whom have passed away. Christ B. Strauch, whose name introduces this sketch, is the second son and second in order of birth in his father's family. He was a little lad of six years at the time of the emigration of the family to the new world. His education was acquired in the common schools of Crawford county, where he was reared to the age of twenty-one years. He was early trained to the duties of the home farm, giving his father the benefit of his services up to the time he attained his majority, when he began life on his own account by HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 857 being employed by others at farm labor. After a time spent in that manner, he came to Richland county, where he has lived for more than thirty-six years. He now owns thirty-two acres in Sanfisky township and he also has one and one-half acres in Crawford county. For twenty years he gave his time and attention to dairying, but has .abandoned that pursuit and is now engaged in general farming. He has met with success in his undertakings and is numbered among the substantial citizens of this section of the state. In 1866 Mr. Strauch established a home of his own by his marriage to Miss Catherine Blazier, who, like her husband, was born in Germany: Their marriage was celebrated in Crawford county. and their home has been blessed with ten children, namely : William, at home Catherine, David and Conrad, all of whom reside in Toledo, Ohio; Sarah A., the wife of George Greter, who lives in Toledo, where he is manager for the firm of Tietke Brothers; Henry, who is employed by the Bell Telephone Company at Columbus, Ohio; Margaret, who is also with the Bell Telephone, Company in Toledo; Lydia, at home; Calvin, who is now with the Bell Telephone Company at Lima, Illinois, being employed on inside work in the capacity of electrician ; and one who died in infancy. Mr. Strauch votes for the men whom he deems best fitted for office, gardless of party affiliation. For one term he served as road supervisor, but otherwise has filled no public office. He and his family are members of the German Reformed church. He is a man of high moral worth and is respected by his fellowmen, for in his dealings with all he is honorable and straight forward. For a long period in has made his home in Richland county and is, therefore; well known in many sections as well as in the city of Crestline. JOHN I. BEELMAN. The People's National Bank of Plymouth was organized and began business on the 2d of January, 1904, with a capital of twenty-five thousand dollars, the stockholders representing some of the best known and wealthiest citizens of Richland county. At the first 'election of officers John I. Beelman was chosen cashier. Mr. Beelman was born near Chicago in 1875, and at the age of three years was brought by his parents, Daniel M. and Susan J. (Upp) Beelman, to Richland county. The father was a native of the Keystone state, while the mother claimed Huron. county, Ohio, as the place of her birth. The father for many years engaged in farming, but for the past three years had lived retired, enjoying the fruits of his former toil. Their family numbered five children, of whom four survive. John I. Beelman, whose name introduces this review, as stated, was a lad of three years when brought to Richland county. Here he began his education in the common schools, this being supplemented by a course of study in the Ada Normal school. After completing his education he engaged 858 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY in teaching for several years, during the winter months, or until 1895, when he entered the National Bank of Plymouth, where he was employed as assistant cashier, and bookkeeper for eight years. On the expiration of that period he assisted in organizing the People's National Bank of Plymouth, of Which he was elected cashier. The bank opened its doors for business on the 2d of January, 1904, being capitalized at twenty-five thousand dollars. This institution has met with unexpected favor, the deposits having now reached two hundred thousand dollars. It is recognized as one of the concerns of the city in which the people feel a just pride—solid and safe beyond question, and its management conservative enough to keep it so. Mr. Beelman was married in 1897 to Miss Edith M. Buck, who was born in Richland county, a daughter of W. J. Buck, of Shelby, this state. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Beelman has been blessed with four children Larue, Harry, Thelma and Gertrude. Mr. Beelman gives his political support to the men and measures of the republican party. For four years he was clerk of Plymouth, while for a similar period he served as a member of the board of public works. His fraternal relations are with the Knights of Pythias. He possesses excellent business ability and his connection with the enterprise to which he is now bending his energies insures for the same a prosperous outcome. AARON LEEDY. Aaron Leedy was one of the honored pioneers of Richland county, Ohio a man respected and honored wherever known and most of all where he was best known. He was born April 21, 1832, and was the youngest son of Abraham and Elizabeth (Zook) Leedy. His life record covered seventy-five years, six months and seven days, and he passed away October 28, 1907. His early youth was spent upon a farm near Ankenytown, Ohio, and throughout the greater part of his life he successfully followed the occupation of farming although to some extent, especially early in his life, he worked at the carpenter's trade. On the 13th of March, 1856, Mr. Leedy was married to Elizabeth Garber and for about a year they lived upon her father's farm, after which they removed to a farm in Berlin township, Knox county, Ohio. In 1860 they took up their abode about three miles east of Bellville, and in 1863 in company with his brother-in-law, David L. Garber, Aaron Leedy purchased a farm that had formerly been the property of his father-in-law, Samuel Garber. While he made the tilling of the soil his chief life work he possessed much natural mechanical ability and could do almost anything with tools. He worked at the 'carpenter's trade, operated a. water mill and afterward a steam sawmill, also operated threshing machines and did other work along mechanical lines. He led a busy and useful life and he won a fair measure of success, so that for many years he was enabled not only to enjoy the necessities but also the comforts of life. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 861 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Leedy there were born six sons and three daughters: Byron, born March 11, 1857 ; .Elmina, who was born June, 28, 1859, and died in 1866 at the age of seven years ; Eugene R., born February 16, 1861; Clement, born July 5, 1863 ; Albert, February 7, 1867 ; Bertha, March 30, 1871; Alfred, June 2, 1873 ; and Herbert ; and Maude. All are now married with the exception of Bertha and Herbert. In 1866 Mr. Leedy united with the Universalist church of Bellville and, remained one of its faithful and helpful members throughout the remainder of his life. He contributed liberally to its support and he spent much of two years as the active member of the building committee while erecting the house of worship at Bellville. He also was a charter member of Jefferson Grange and served as its first master following its organization, October 9, 1973, while later at different times he again served as master. His greatest interest aside from his business and his church was in the Grange. He was president of the Patrons Mutual Relief Association from June 4, 1844, until January 12, 1899. Very fond of music, he taught singing schools in the early days and was an active member of the Grange Band for years. He was always interested in young people and "the boys" were ever welcome at his home. They would frequently gather there in the evenings and he would sit and sing with them for several hours at a time. While he was never a great talker, he was a most hospitable man and his wife shared with him in extending the hospitality of their home to their relatives and many friends. He believed in the religion of living rather than of creed and he earnestly put forth effort to encourage the good that he believed was in every individual. His life was fraught with many good deeds and characterized by kindly purchases and honorable motives. He passed the Psalmist's allotted span of three score years and ten and at his death left the memory of an upright life and a noble example which is well worthy of emulation. DIMON STURGES. To enjoy the respect of the community in which one has spent his entire life means that the individual has so lived that his fellow townsmen yield him a tribute of admiration and regard because of manly virtues and loyally to high and honorable principles. Such was the record of Mr. Sturges, who, though he never sought to figure prominently before the public, was a business man of integrity and a citizen of value who championed many measures for the public good. Born in Mansfield, he spent his entire life in this city and was ,closely associated with those movements, measures and interests which promote the substantial growth and development of a city along many lines. His father, Eben Perry Sturges, was a pioneer merchant of Mansfield, although it was his purpose in early life to follow the sea, and, in fact, he commanded a merchant vessel when hostilities broke out between Great 862 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY Britain and the United States in 1812. When homeward bound on a voyage from South America with a valuable cargo; his vessel was captured by a British frigate, and he and his crew were sent as prisoners of war to Kingston, Jamaica. Upon being paroled he returned to the United States. He felt that his seafaring experiences were then entirely sufficient and he turned his attention in other directions. Up to this time he had made his home in Fairfield, Connecticut,—his native state,—but later he removed to Richland county, Ohio, which was then a wild and largely unimproved district. The village of Mansfield had been established, but gave little promise of rapid future development. Mr. Sturges opened a store here in 1815 and remained in the city as one of the prominent and influential business men until his death, which occurred January 1, 1862. He was a marvelously successful man in mercantile affairs. In 1821 Eben Perry Sturges was married to Miss Amanda Buckingham, of Putnam, Ohio, and their eldest child was Dimon Sturges, who was born October 21, 1825, on Main street about on the lot where the Berno store now stands. From that time until his demise, which occurred on the 18th of March, 1900, Dimon Sturges remained a resident of Mansfield. He acquired his early education in the schools of this city, also attended school in athens, Ohio, and still later was a student at Oberlin College. He spent the day of his boyhood here when it was a village, lived to see it develop into a city, considerable industrial and commercial importance and throughout the years shared in the work of general upbuilding and improvement. His life in a way passed uneventfully, but it was characterized by the utmost fidelity to duty in every relation, and by the recognition and utilization of his opportunities. In all of his dealings his word was as good as any bond ever solemnized by signature or seal, and whatever course he believed to be right he followed with untiring. determination. When he had attained his majority he joined Dr. Guthrie in the ownership and conduct of a drug store at Mansfield, but after a short time the doctor retired and Perkins Bigelow became a partner of Mr. Sturges. They engaged in wholesaling and retailing drugs and medicines and for many years Mr. Sturges continued in that line and was very successful. In fact the firm of Sturges & Bigelow were recognized as the most successful druggists of the city. Mr. Sturges had the opportunity at one time to become associated with a gentleman of excellent business ability in the preparation, manufacture and sale of specific remedies, whose success in after years was marvelous. Mr. Sturges, after some consideration, decided not to accept the offer, but elected to make his home among the friends of his boyhood and youth. He afterward became the leading. book seller of Mansfield, carrying on the business very successfully. He also contributed to the improvement and substantial growth of the city in other ways, including the erection of the finest business block then in Mansfield, with an assembly room on the upper floor which supplied a long-felt want here. Not long afterward he erected a fine residence on Park avenue West, where the lived a great many years. Whatever he undertook he carried forward to successful completion, brooking no obstacle that could be overcome by determined and persistent effort. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 863 On the 5th of June, 1851, Mr. Sturges was united in marriage to Miss Helen L. Hodge, of Buffalo, New York. Unto them were born eight children; six of whom are yet living: William P., of Cleveland, Ohio; Eben B., a business man of Detroit, making his home in Ann Arbor; Dr. Purdy H. Sturges, of Brooklyn, New York ; Mrs. L. H. Wales, of Mansfield; Julia, who has been one of the librarians here for ten years; and Ada, also of this city. In 1867 Mr. Sturges became a member of the Congregational church, of which his father had been one of the organizers. He became an active worker in the church and its various societies and did all in his power to advance the moral progress and upbuilding of the community. He was one of the founders of the Young Men's Christian Association of Mansfield and was a delegate from it to the national convention, Which met in Portland, Maine, in 1869. For many years he was connected with a band of brothers who were Ministers of the Angel of the Helping Hand. Their purpose was to visit the sick, help the distressed, bury the dead and care for the widows and orphans. He sacredly met the obligations which devolved upon him in this connection, continuing to exemplify in his life the spirit of the society until he retired on account of the infirmities of old age. His career in a way was an even and quiet one. The community knew him as a faithful husband, a kind father and a good citizen, who had no aspiration for high political honors or offices and yet was never neglectful of his duties to his fellowman. In all of his business relations he was the soul, of honor and integrity and he enjoyed to the fullest extent the confidence and good will of all who knew him. He left behind him a memory that is sacredly cherished by many friends as well as his immediate family and an example that is indeed worthy of emulation. MICHAEL STUFF. Michael Stuff, who is living on his farm of eighty acres on section 7, Jefferson township, was born in Petry township, Richland county, on the 15th of September, 1826, his parents being Jacob and Mary (Garns) Stuff, natives of Bedford county, Pennsylvania. Coming to Ohio in the spring of 1826, they entered land. in that part of Richland county which is now Crawford county, but subsequently traded it for the eighty acres on which our subject now resides. They placed many improvements upon the farm, which remained their place of abode until they were ,called to their final rest. The father's death occurred in 1896, when he was in his eighty-first year, and his wife passed away in 1895, at the age of seventy years. Their family numbered eleven children, but the only ones now living are Michael, of this review ; and William, of Noble county, Indiana. Michael Stuff began his education in a subscription school conducted in a little log building and received a good practical training in the district schools which he later attended. He remained under the parental roof until twenty-two years of age and then worked by the month for three years, receiv- 864 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY ing from seven dollars and a half to ten dollars .for his services. Subsequently he learned the carpenter's trade, being identified with that line of activity for fifteen years, and for two years worked in a mill. He then purchased the old home farm on section 7, Jefferson township and has since given his time and attention to its cultivation and improvement, gaining a gratifying annual income through the careful conduct of his agricultural interests. On the 29th of December, 1858, occurred the marriage of Mr. Stuff and Miss Anna Baker, a daughter of Henry Baker, who was a native of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Stuff was one of a family of seven children and by her marriage has become the mother of eleven : John, born October 9, 1859, is a resident of Bellville; Jacob, born April 7, 1861, lives in Jefferson township, Sarah E., born April 24, 1865, is the wife of Isaac Sarff, of Knox county, Ohio; Laura B., born November 6, 1868, is the wife of Bert Olin; Frederick, born August 3; 1871, is a resident of Jefferson township ; Samuel, born December 10, 1873, lives in Hancock county; Harvey, born June 18, 1876, lives at home ; Franklin, born December 29, 1878, resides in Jefferson township; Roylan, born August 14, 1881; lives at home and is engaged in teaching school ; Mary, born July 18, 1885, is the wife of Mr. Bessler, of Henry county and one is deceased. In his political views Mr. Stuff is a democrat and has served as township trustee. He is connected with the Masonic lodge at Bellville, and his seven sons are also members of this fraternity. A native son of this county, he has been a well known and worthy resident here for eighty-two years and now receives the veneration and respect which should ever be accorded one who has traveled thus far on life's journey and who has been honorable and upright in every relation. CHARLES H. ARTER. Charles H. Arter, who is successfully engaged in farming and stock-raising on sections 12 and 13, Sandusky township, was born in Crawford county, Ohio, March 29, 1863, his parents being George and Sarah Arter who. are mentioned on another page of this volume. Our subject acquired a common-school education and remained under the parental roof until he had attained his majority. He then purchased a farm .in Richland county and now owns two hundred and sixty acres of rich and productive land on sections 12 and 13, Sandusky township, where he carries on his general farming and stock-raising interests in such a capable manner that a gratifying annual income assured him. He is energetic, enterprising and progressive and is. numbered among the substantial and public-spirited citizens of the community. Mr. Arter has been married. twice. He was first wedded, in 1891, to Miss Mollie Parke, whose birth occurred at Ada, Ohio, and 'by whom he had two children, Ruth and Charles Parke, who are at home. Losing his first wife in 1895, Mr. Arter was subsequently again, married, his second union being HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 865 with Miss Nora Shambaugh, who was born in Morrow county, Ohio, and whose parents still reside in that county. She is one of a family of five children, the record of whom is as follows: Lurenza D., of Mansfield; J. E., deceased; Ida., who is the wife of A. B. Reinhart, and makes her home in Morrow county, Ohio, Mrs. Arter ; and Guy G., of Johnsville, Ohio. Unto Charles H. and Nora (Shambaugh) Arter have been born four children, namely: Clarence A.; Mary Jane; John H., who passed away; and Mildred S. In his political views Mr. Arter is a stanch republican, while fraternally is connected with the Knights of Pythias lodge at Crestline. His wife a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, the teachings of which she exemplifies in her daily life. They are well. known and highly esteemed throughout the community and the circle of their friends is almost co-extensive with the circle of their acquaintances. THEODORE WAGNER. Theodore Wagner, successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits on secton 20, Washington township, was born in Morrow county, Ohio, May 26, 1854, his parents being John and Catherine (Remy) Wagner. The father was born in Weida, Selters, Germany, in 1819, and the mother's birth also occurred in the fatherland in 1826. John Wagner was a tailor by trade, and emigrated to the United States in 1848, He first purchased ten acres of land from John Workman and subsequently bought and sold different farms throughout his entire business career, also following his trade in addition to his speculative interests. In 1853 he removed to Morrow county, Ohio, but remained there only a short time, and for a period of six months also carried on business at Mansfield. He returned to his farm in Richland county, however, and passed away there in 1888; his wife having been called to her final rest in 1879. By his marriage, which took place in 1850, he had six children, four of whom still survive.: Mrs. Yonker, of Springfield township; Theodore, of this review ; Mrs. Mary E. Fulton, who is a widow residing in Washington township ; and Mrs. Louisa Bower, who is a widow making her home in Mansfield, Ohio. Theodore Wagner was reared to farm life and acquired his education in the district schools. When twenty-six years' of age he was employed as a farm hand by the month and was thus engaged until four years after, his marriage. He then purchased a half interest in the farm which he now owns, comprising one hundred and one acres of rich and productive land. He has placed many substantial improvements thereon and also remodeled the buildings, and in the conduct of his agricultural interests. has met with a gratifying and well merited degree of prosperity, owing to his unremitting industry and capable management. Mr. Wagner has been married twice. On the 18th of May, 1882, he wedded Miss Harriet Rodocker, who was born in Washington township, a daughter of John and Christy Ann (Haverstock) Rodocker. Her father's 866 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY birth occurred in Stark county, Ohio; August 25, 1815, while her mother was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, March 21, 1820. Their marriage was celebraced June 14, 1840, and the year 1855 witnessed their arrival in Richland county, Ohio. Their family numbered twelve children, three sons and nine daughters. Mrs. Harriet Wagner passed away September 6, 1896, leaving one son, Harry H., who is at home. Mr. Wagner was again married, his second union being with Miss Margaret McKinney; who was born in Richland county, March 9, 1860, a daughter of Daniel and Christina (Shadel) McKinney. The father was born in Penn. sylvania, June 17, 1818, while the mother's birth likewise occurred in the Keystone state, her natal day being January 11, 1819. In early life they came to Ohio with their respective parents and were reared and married here, Daniel McKinney being successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits in Jackson township; Richland county, until he passed away on the 23d of October, 1868. His wife survived him for a number of years, her death occurring March 13, 1885. Their family numbered five children, as follows: John, of Williams county, Ohio; Solomon, residing in Springfield township; Nathaniel, who makes his home in Chicago; Mrs. Wagner; and William, who passed away at the age of twenty-one years, his death the result of an illness contracted in the war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wagner have been born three children: Bertha; Edwin M. and Daniel R. In his political views Mr. Wagner is ,a democrat, while fraternally he is connected with the Masonic Lodge at Bellville, and with the Knights of Pythias Lodge, No. 446, at Lexington. His life has been one of continuous activity, to which has been accorded due recognition of labor and today he is numbered among the substantial citizens of his community. E. O. McLEAN. E. O. McLean, as the president of the Roderick Lean Manufacturing Company, stands at the head of one of the leading productive industries of Mansfield. It is true that he entered upon a business already established, but many a man of less resolute purpose and keen discrimination would have failed attempt to enlarge and control this. Rising above the heads of the majority there has always been a series of individuals who by reason of their pronounced ability and forceful personality have ever commanded the homage of their fellowmen and have revealed to the world those two resplendent virtues of a lordly race—perseverance in purpose and a directing spirit which never fails. Such a man is E. O. McLean and his efforts have been of material benefit to the city. As the name indicates, the McLeans come from Scotch ancestry, but Roderick Lean, the father of our subject, dropped the prefix from the name, which, however; has been taken. up again by the present generation. The father. was born in. Nova Scotia and as a boy learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed on his own account at Shakespeare, Ontario. In 1859 he HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 867 removed to Stratford, Ontario, and there began the manufacture of harrows, plows and cultivators in a small way. While working in his smithy one day the question flashed into his mind, "Why not build a harrow entirely of steel?" and as the result of this idea he became the pioneer builder of the all-steel harrow and the promoter of an important industry. In 1868 the Roderick Lean Manufacturing Company was organized and in 1874 the business was removed to Mansfield, Ohio, where the manufacture, of all-steel harrows was continued. Many of the harrows turned out during these early days are still in use and in good condition, which is due to the fact that Roderick Lean never allowed an implement to go out from his blacksmith shop or from his factory without the certain knowledge that in that implement steel had been used wherever it could be used, that honesty had prevailed in its construction, and that it was built as well as he knew how to build it. Thus the house gained an excellent reputation for the quality and. grade of its goods and the highest standard has ever been maintained. During the first few years of the existence of the business only eight or ten men were employed. In 1892, owing to failing health, Roderick Lean withdrew from the. business and in January, 1893,. removed to California, settling on a lemon ranch about six miles from San Diego. He afterward evoted his attention to the ranch until his death in July, 1894, but the enterprise which he established in Mansfield still stands as a monument to his business ability and progressive spirit. He had been married twice. He first wedded Miss Chloe Belfry at New Market, Canada, and their children were E. O. and Faninus, the latter associated with the manufacturing department' of the Lean Manufacturing Company until, his death. The wife and mother died at Shakespeare; Canada, in 1865, and later Roderick Lean wedded Miss Sarah Smith, this wedding being celebrated near New Market, Canada, in 1867. Their children were : Philana, Harriet and Sarah Belle, all now at home; Andrus B., who is now vice president of the Lean Manufacturing Company; and Milton H. The father was prominent in the Park Avenue Baptist church of Mansfield, taking a very active and helpful part in its work. He was a man of irreproachable integrity and commercial honor and wherever he was known was held in the highest esteem because of his fidelity and reliability in business affairs. Moreover, he deserves: credit as the pioneer in the building of the all-steel harrow and as such his name deserves to go down in history. E. O. McLean, whose name introduces this review, was born in Canada in 1861 and came with his father to Mansfield in 1874. After completing his education he concentrated his time and energies upon the conduct of his father's business and acquainted himself with various departments of the work. In 1886 Emerson O. McLean was admitted to a partnership and thus added the enterprise, perseverance. and hopeful enthusiasm of the young man to the broad experience and keen discernment of the father, constituting a strong and resourceful firm. In 1893 the business was incorporated with a capital of sixty thousand dollars, with McLean as president, A. B. McLean as vice president, J. E. Gibson as secretary, and A. H. Glendenning as treasurer. In 1903 the capital stock was increased to five hundred thousand dollars and since that time the officers have been : E. O. McLean, president; A. B. 868 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY McLean, vice president and superintendent; and A. H. Glendenning, secretary and treasurer. A. B. McLean first entered the business as bookkeeper and later became connected with the sales department, while subsequntly he was chosen superintendent and vice president. He was largely educated at Manafield, attending the high and normal schools here and also a business college. The brothers are known as among the most enterprising, reliable, and successful business ma. of Mansfield. Under their control their output has steadily increased in order to meet the growing demands of the trade and they now employ three hundred workmen. No longer is the product confined to harrows. Until 1900, however, they manufactured little beside spike tooth and spring tooth harrows, but in that year they added many kindred lines and now manufacture spike and spring, land rollers, cultivators, etc. Their output is sold all over America and throughout the world where grain is grown Their plant now occupies five acres and is one of the important productive industries of the city. Justice is always maintained with employes and the aim of the business has been constantly to improve the output and the character of service to the public. SOLOMON SPEAR. Solomon Spear, a successful merchant of Plymouth, one who possesses the confidence and esteem of all who deal with him, and who claims the distinction of conducting the oldest established business in Plymouth, is a native of Germany. He was born in Schrecksbach, Kreis Ziegenhain, Hesse, May 6, 1843. His father; Wolf Spear, who was a son of Nathaniel Spear, was a merchant in that town, where he passed his entire life, dying in 1889 He married Miss Yetta Schoenberg, a native of the neighboring province, Hesse-Darmstadt, and they became the parents of six children, as follows: two who died in infancy; Nathaniel, who died at the age of nine years; Solomon, who is the subject of this review; Betty, who married Moses Shield, a merchant of Plymouth, Ohio, and Jacob, now deceased, who was a merchant in his native town. Solomon Spear passed his boyhood days in attending school in his native country and, at the age of fourteen years came to America, landing in New York, May 19, 1857. He at once made his way to Ohio, arriving in Plymouth on the 24th day of that month, where he has resided to the present time. He at first attended school, then for a short time engaged in peddling and such other employment as would yield him an honest living. He finally commenced clerking, first with W. B. Kahn; with whom he remained twoyears. He then entered the employ of Billstein & Schoenberg in the stock business, continuing with them until the spring of 1866, when he engaged in that business for a few months on his own account. In the fall of 1866 he bought the clothing store of W. B. Kahn, conducting the basiness alone until 1868, in which year he admitted his brother-in-law, M. Shield, into partnership, and they carried on the establishment jointly until 1891, HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 871 when Mr. Shield sold his interest to our subject, who has since been sole proprietor. Besides the clothing business Mr. Spear has also dealt extensively in wool, seeds, etc., but at the present writing he is preparing to retire from active business. Mr. Spear was married January 6, 1867 to Miss Augusta Billstein, who was born November 11, 1845, in Ruelfenrode, Kreis Alsfeld, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, and was brought by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lippman Billstein, to the United States in 1854, when a little maiden of nine years. The family home was established in Plymouth. By her marriage she became the honored and beloved mother of six children, as follows : Nathaniel, who resides in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, Alexander, of New York city; Joel, also of Pittsburg, Ida and Maurice, still' under the parental roof, and Bernice, who died at the age of thirteen years. Mr. Spear formerly gave his political allegiance to the democratic party, but since 1896 has voted independently. He has held various offices of honor and trust in his community. He served on the school board for twenty-seven consecutive years, a longer time of service than. any other member can boast of; has served as a member of the village council at various times, and at the present writing is president of the board of public affairs. His own interests were never so great that he forgot the welfare of the town, and Plymouth's success, industrially and civically, is greatly of result of his conscientious efforts and unswerving devotion to the home Of his adoption. At the age of twenty-one years he was made a Mason in Richland Lodge, N0. 201, F. & A. M., and became a charter member of Plymouth Chapter, No. 118, R. A. M., at Plymouth, of which he has served as secretary for the past thirty years. He is also a member of Mansfield Council; No. 94, R. & S. M. The hope that led him to leave his native land and seek a home in America has been more than realized. He has found the opportunities that he sought and, making the best of these, he has steadily worked his way upward. He is pre-eminently a self-made man and fully merits the respect and good opinion which he has won from all who come in contact with him. HENRY. F. STOVER. Throughout a Jong period Henry F. Stover has been identified with the agricultural interests of Richland county, and today as proprietor of the Longview Dairy he is well known in various sections of the county. He was born on the farm which is now his home, November 14, 1862. His paternal grand-father, John Stover, came from, Pennsylvania to Richland county in 1835 and here his remaining days were passed. His son, who also bore the name of John Stover, and became the father of our subject, was born near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, May 23, 1823, and arrived in Mansfield, Ohio, with his parents, on the twelfth anniversary of his birth. He followed farming as a life work and became the owner of three good farm's, one comprising one hundred 872 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY acres, a second of one hundred and eight acres, and a third of one hundred and twenty-one acres. He was a democrat in his political views, but was not active as an office seeker. His religious faith was that of the Reformed church in London, Ohio. He died in Richland county, September 2, 1888, when he had reached the age of sixty-five years. His wife bore the maiden name of Leah Landis. She was born in 1833, a daughter of Rev. Jacob S. and Mary (Miller) Landis, the former a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, born in 1811, while the birth of the latter occurred in the year 1812. They were reared and married in the Keystone state, coming to Richland county in 1838 and settling on a farm in Jackson township. The father gave his time to farming and to preaching the gospel until his demise, which occurred when he had, reached the 'age of sixty-four years.. The family of Rev. and Mrs. Jacob. Landis numbered ten children, as follows : Mary Ann ; Leah, who afterward became Mrs.. Stover; Amanda; J. M., of Shelby ; gcob, who died in the army ; Isaac, who resides in Shelby; Margaret; deceased; Mrs. Katharine Kline, a resident of Marshall county, Indiana ; Mrs. Susan Kline, who has departed this life; and David, who diedi in infancy. After the demise of Rev. Jacob S. Landis,. his widow married again, her second union being with a Mr. Wagner, who has also passed away. Mrs. Wagner still survives and now makes her home with her eldest son, J. M. Landis, in Shelby. The family of Mr. and Mrs. John Stover numbered five children, three daughters and two sons: Mary, who died at the age of twelve years; Nancy, who became the wife of Samuel Huffman and died in 1903; Elizabeth, the widow of Willard Laser, of Shelby; Henry F. of this review; and John Edward, who died in infancy. Following the father's death, the mother was again married, her second union being with George Mitchell, and they now make their home in Taylortown. Henry F. Stover, whose name introduces this record, was reared on the home farm, early being trained to the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He remained under the parental roof until he had reached mature years and upon starting out in the business world he chose the occupation to which: he had been reared. He now makes his home on one hundred acres of land, situated on section 15, Jackson township. He is engaged in general farming and for the past five years has been engaged in dairying, his place being known as the Longview Dairy. He also operates another tract of seventy acres on the shares and formerly had a third tract of sixty acres, which he operated for sixteen years. He possesses excellent business ability and sound judgment and in carrying on his business affairs is meeting with success. Mr. Stover was married September 17,4884, to Miss Ida B. Clark, who was born in Jackson township, November 14, 1864, a daughter of Samuel and Polly Jane (King) Clark. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Stover has been blessed with eight children : Flossie Fay, John Carle, Samuel Clark, Cornelia B., Ruth M., George Russell, Helen L. and Albert Raymond. The eldest daughter, Flossie Fay, is now the wife of Howard Hawk, of Jackson township and they have one child, Donald S. HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 873 Mr. Stover is a democrat in his political views and affiliations, and on the party ticket was elected trustee of Jackson township. For thirteen years he served as a member of the school board. Both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church at Shelby. He, belongs to that class of representative men who rapidly discern opportunities of improvement and, brooking no obstacles, are forging their way to the front.   ROBERT MOORE. Robert Moore is carrying on general agricultural pursuits in Franklin township, not far from Mansfield. Richland county numbers him among her native sons, for his birth occurred October 12, 1843, in the township which is still his home. His paternal. grandparents were Archibald and Nancy (Williams) Moore, and the great-grandfather was Robert Moore, who emigrated, from Ireland in 1767 and settled in Center county, Pennsylvania. In both the paternal and maternal lines Robert Moore, of this review, is of Irish extraction. His grandfather, for whom he was named, was one of five brothers, four of whom became farmers and one was a Methodist minister. John W. Moore, the father of our subject, was born and reared in Center county, Pennsylvania, and. in 1836 came to Richland county, Ohio, locating in Madison township: Six months later he removed to Franklin township and in 1878 became a resident, of Troy township, where he died twenty-two years ago. His entire life had been devoted to general agricultural pursuits and in his farming operations he was active and energetic, winning a measure of success which he well merited. His wife long survived him and when she passed away on the 1st of April, 1907, she was laid to rest by the side of her husband in the Franklin cemetery. Their family numbered twelve children, namely: Robert; Martha; who resides in Lexington, Ohio, Rebecca, of Franklin township; Archibald,- deceased James, who is located in Galion, Ohio; Ellen and Anna, who are also residents of Galion Jennie, whose home is in Mattoon, Illinois; Franklin, living in Franklin township; John, deceased, and two who died in infancy. Robert Moore was educated in the common schools, where he mastered the branches of English learning that usually constitute the public-school curriculum. He remained at home until twenty-five years of age and then began farming in Franklin township. He worked in the fields there for two years, afterwards living for a time in Troy township and subsequently in Springfield township, where he remained until about ten years ago,, when he returned to Franklin township, where he now makes his home. Here he has one hundred and four acres of land devoted to general agricultural pursuits. His work is carefully managed and intelligently directed and through his perseverance and energy he has gained a place among the substantial residents of the county. Moreover, he deserves all of the praise implied in the term "a self-made man." 874 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY Mr. Moore was married in 1867 to Miss Harriet Keith, a descendant of Sir George Keith, who in the sixteenth century held a land commission in Scotland, having control over property of such extent that he could travel the length of the Country without stepping off the land over which he had jurisdiction. When religious troubles arose involving the Society of Friends, or Quakers, he took a firm stand in support `ofthat sect and because of this his power was taken from him and he was forced to leave his native country. He. then went to Holland, where he became acquainted with William Penn., and as his private secretary came with him to the new world, becoming the founder of the family in this country. Michael Keith, a descendant of Sir George Keith and the grandfather of Mrs. Moore, Came overland from Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, in 1814, and established what was widely known as Keith's Tavern. A part of this building is still standing and has been remodeled, now constituting a part of the home of George Gribbling, of Mansfield. Michael Keith was a man of consequence in Richland county, as was his ancestor in Scotland. He was one of the first infirmary directors of the county and received a compensation of twelve dollars per year for his services. Unto Mr. and Mrs.. Moore have been born three children : Della, the wifeof William H. Carnes, of Mansfield; Ida, the wife of Frank Condon, a railroad an, by whom she has .one son, Wade M.; and Albert, who married Ella Hagerman; by whom he has one daughter, Edith. They live on the home farm and he operates the place for his father. Robert Moore is a stalwart advocate of the democracy but has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking, although he served as a trustee of Springfield township for two terms. He and his wife are members of the Pleasant Valley Baptist church, in which he serves as one of the deacons His fellow citizens recognize in him a man whose word is as good as his bond; who has ever been honorable in all business transactions and who in an active, progressive life has gained a measure of success that has come to him as a reward of his earnest, persistent labor. JOHN C. KERR. John C. Kerr, who is now a representative of the Shelby Steel Tube Works, was born on a farm in Monroe township, Holmes county, Ohio, June 27, 1861. His parents are William and. Sarah (Campbell) Kerr, the former born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, March 11, 1837, and the latter in Holmes county, Ohio, September 21, 1841. For a considerable period they were identified with farming interests in this part of the state, but the father at length put aside business cares and spent his last days in Mansfield in honorable retirement from labor. He died October 14, 1905. His widow still survives and is yet a resident of Mansfield.. In their family were the following children: Robert E., who is living in Mansfield; Jahn C., of the review ; William, whose home is in Kansas; Sarah Alta, the wife of Washington Smith, of Monroe township ; George . I., who is living in Denver HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 875 Colorado; Mary, the wife of Stephen Smith, a farmer of Mifflin township, this county; C. M., a farmer; and one who died in infancy. John C. Kerr spent his youth upon the farm where his birth occurred and in 1881 with his parents came to Richland county, settling in Mifflin township,. where he lived up to the time of his marriage. He mastered the elementary branches of learning as a pupil in the public schools and afterward attended the Ohio Normal University .at Ada, Ohio, completing the course in penmanship by graduation. He also took most of the scientific course and for fifteen years he engaged in teaching in the district schools of this county, proving a capable educator and one who was always able to maintain discipline as well. Giving his attention to farming, he purchased a small tract of land about a mile south of Shelby and made his home thereon for twelve years, during which time he brought his fields under a high state of cultivation. On the expiration of that period he sold the farmland bought property at No. 198. West Main street in Shelby, where he has since made his home. He is now employed as a member of the clerical force of the Shelby Steel Tube Works and is capable and efficient in his efforts in this connection. On the 27th of June, 1894, Mr. Kerr was united in marriage to Miss Daisy Elizabeth Hawk, who was born in this county and is a daughter of Jacob Hawk, prominently known in Richland county as a prosperous farmer and representative citizen and mentioned on another page of this volume. Mr. Kerr possesses many substantial qualities which have gained him warm regard during his residence in Shelby, where he now has many friends. HENRY P. RHODES. Henry P. Rhodes is a worthy representative of the agricultural interests of Richland county, where he is now making his home. He was born on his present farm in Jackson township, December 26, 1842, a son of Henry Philip and Rachel (Stoner) Rhodes, both of whom were natives of the Keystone state, the former born in. Lancaster county; November 22, 1808, while the latter was born in York county, September 15, 1813. They were reared and married in Pennsylvania and in 1831 made their way to Richland county, Ohio, settling on an unimproved tract of land, on which the father made a small clearing and erected a log house, in which they took up their abode. In 1850 he replaced that rude dwelling with a more modern structure, which is still standing on the place. The family numbered nine children, of whom five still survive, namely : Elizabeth, the wife of Washington Bloom, of Michigan ; Henry P., of this review ; Sarah, the wife of Dr. Franklin Paul, of Milford,. Indiana; David, who is mentioned on another page of this work ; and Melvina, the wife of George Armold, a resident of Jackson township. Both the parents are now deceased, the mother passing away in October, 1888, while the father survived for several years and died in March, 1896, when lie had reached the venerable age of eighty-eight years. He was numbered among the worthy citizens and prominent pioneers of Richland county. 876 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY Henry P. Rhodes was reared in the usual manner of farm lads, assisting in the work of the home place from the time of early spring planting until the crops were harvested in the late autumn, while during the winter seasons he pursued his studies in the district schools. He remained under the parental roof until he had reached mature years, when he started out in life on his own account, following the pursuits to which he had been reared as a boy and youth. He is now the owner of seventy-four acres of land situated in Jackson township, which constitutes a part of the old home place, and in addition to this he also has ten acres of timber. He is careful and methodical in carrying on his work and is therefore meeting with good success in his undertakings. Mr. Rhodes was married October 5, 1869, to Miss Margaret Light, who was born near Ganges, Richland county, June 1, 1849, a daughter of Michael and Catherine (Hinkst) Light, the former a native of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, while the latter was born in Cumberland county, that state. They came from their respective homes to Ohio with their parents, the father being a young man of nineteen years, while the mother was a little maiden of twelve years at the time of her arrival in the Buckeye state. Mr. and Mrs. Light located on a farm a mile and a. quarter south of Ganges, where they spent the remainder of their lives. Their children, ten in number, were as follows: Mrs. Mary Reppert, who died leaving a family of eight children ; Daniel, a resident of Burton Station, Oklahoma, who is married and has a family of nine children; Samuel, who lives in Allen county, Ohio; John, who died at the age of ten years; one who died in infancy; Lydia, the wife of Alfred Urich, a resident of Mansfield; Mrs. Catherine Bradley, a twin sister of Lydia, and now deceased; George, who resided in Ponca, Oklahoma, where he practiced as a physician and attorney, and served in the Civil war as a member of the One Hundred and Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being also a representative from Putnam county, Ohio, to the general assembly for four years but is now deceased; Michael, who died at the age of eighteen years; and Margaret, now Mrs. Rhodes. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes has been blessed with two daughters; Rachel Catherine, the wife of Boyd Fachler, of Shiloh; and Lida Alberta, at home. Mr. Rhodes gives his political support to the men and measures of the democracy. He is honorable and straightforward in his business dealing and all who know him have for him warm regard. FRANCIS BUTLER NELSON. Francis Butler Nelson, who is engaged in farming in Cass township, where he has made his home throughout almost his entire life, was born on a farm south of Shiloh, Richland county, October 5, 1870, a son of George and Matilda (Albertson) Nelson, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, the former born in 1811, and the latter in 1827. They were married in Ohio, where they made their home for some time, the father working at the tailor's trade, while later he engaged in general agricultural pursuits. He had been previously married and had the following named children by that union; HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 877 Martha, Elmer, David, George, Silas, John and Rachel. By the second marriage there were five children: Emma J., William K., Clara Belle, Laura Melissa and Francis B. The father of this "family passed away in 1870 : but the mother still survives. Francis Butler Nelson, the youngest child of his father's second marriage, was but six weeks old at the time of the latter's demise. Subsequent to that time the mother removed to her present farm in Cass township, where the son ws reared. He acquired his education in the district schools near his home. At an early age he was trained to the duties of the home farm, for his services was needed in the plowing, planting and harvesting. Later he was employed in the tile factory in Shiloh, where he remained for some time, but for the past fourteen years has been on his mother's farm, and has the care and management of the same. He is an industrious and hard-working man and his labors have brought to him a rich reward. Mr. Nelson has always given his political support to the men and measures of democracy and on the party ticket was elected to the office of trustee of Cass township, in which capacity he has served for the past three years. He is also a stockholder in the Shiloh Savings Bank. His fraternal relations are with the Masons, belonging to Shiloh Lodge, No. 544. He has ever taken a lively interest in public affairs, lending his aid and influence in the cause of every good movement and heartily promoting the progress and advancement of his community, while in his private business affairs he is meeting with success, owing to his capable management, his energy and his well directed labors. GEORGE H. LOWREY. George H. Lowrey, a cigar and tobacco dealer of Mansfield, was born at Cuyahoga Falls, Summit county, Ohio, in 1857. His ancestors were natives of Scotland and emigrated to America about 1750, locating first near Canaan, Connecticut. The great-grandfather .served; as a private in the Revolutionary war, while the grandfather, Shubel H. Lowrey, participated in the war of 1812 under General Harrison. The parents of our subject were Deming N. and Eliza J. (Harrison) Lowrey, the former born at Tallmadge, Summit county; Ohio, in 1825, while the latter's birth occurred at Cuyahoga Falls, Summit. county, Ohio, in 1835. The father was connected with the hotel and livery business at Cuyahoga Falls for many years, but at the outbreak of the Civil war enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, becoming captain of Company G. He was mustered in at Massillon in August, 18'62, and was sent to Tennessee under Colonel Lucy, his regiment being attached to the Army of the Cumberland. The regiment did detached service in Tennessee, and while guarding the railroad between Murfreesboro and Nashville, during General Forest's raid, it was captured and held from October, 1864, until April, 1865, at Andersonville and Cahab. The prisoners were then exchanged and on the 878 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY 23d of April, at Vicksburg. were put upon the ill-fated steamer Sultana; in the explosion of which Mr. Lowrey lost his life. This horrible catastrophe terminated the lives of about eighteen hundred men, who, having undergone all the hardships and dangers of warfare, were on their homeward way, eagerly looking forward to the time when they should once more be among friends and loved ones. In his political views Mr. Lowrey was a republican, and fraternally was connected with the Masons. His religious faith was indicated by his Membership in the Methodist church.. He was married in 1855 and was the father of two children, namely : George H., of this review ; and Hattie A., who was born at Cuyahoga, Falls, Summit county, Ohio, in 1863, and became the wife of Fred Osier in 1886. George H. Lowrey acquired his education in the schools of Cleveland, and in 1872 began his business career as a clerk in a. shoe store of that city, th remaining for three years. In 1875 he came to Mansfield and entered there employ: of Keiser Brothers, shoe dealers, and in 1892 formed a partnership with Mr. Lemon for the conduct of a shoe store. In 1895, however, he sold out to his associate and became connected with the cigar and tobacco business, which has claimed his attention to the present time. He has met with a gratifying and well merited measure of success in his undertakings and is well known as a substantial and enterprising citizen of the community. In 1876 occurred the marriage of Mr. Lowrey and Miss Kate Hine, by whom he has one son, Harrison D., whose birth occurred in Mansfield and who was educated in the schools of this city and in the Western Reserve Dental College. In his political views Mr. Lowrey is a stanch republican, and received his party's nomination for county treasurer. The fact that he was defeated by only a few hundred votes is an indication of his popularity and the trust reposed in him by his fellow townsmen, as the democratic majority of this county is about fifteen hundred. He has acted as a member of the common council and is a public-spirited citizen whose aid and influence can ever be counted upon to further any movement or measure instituted for the general welfare. Fraternally he is connected with the Masons and the Elks. MRS. JANE E. SCHULER. Mrs. Jane E. Schuler belongs to one of the old families of Richland county and during the years of her life has witnessed many changes here as the county has grown and developed, taking on all the evidences of modern civilization. She relates many interesting incidents of the earlier days, for her parents, Frederick and Ruth Fitting, lived in this county at a very early period in its development. Her mother was a native of Maryland but her father was numbered among the native sons of Ohio, his birth having occurred in Knox county, just across the Richland county line, October 3, 1810, He was a son of Casper Fitting, who was one of the earliest settlers of Ohio HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 881 becoming a resident of this state when the Indians were more numerous than the white men, when great tracts Of timber land remained uncut, while the prairie was uncultivated. The streams, too, were unbridged and the work of civilization and development seemed scarcely begun. The years have since brought many changes and the mode of life is in marked contrast to that which existed during the youth of Frederick Fitting. In those early times the settlers largely lived in log cabins which were heated by fireplaces which were sometimes of enormous size, so that a big log could be placed therein. The furnishings of the home were primitive, cooking being done over the fireplace, while tallow candles served to light the little house. In the year 1819 the Fitting family established their home on a farm near Bellville and performed the arduous task of transforming new land into rich fields. When a boy Frederick Fitting had to walk two miles to school. The schools were of a very primitive character, for the system of public instruction as known today, was then undeveloped. The pupils were trained in reading, writing and arithmetic and occasionally were taught some grammar and geography, but the sciences and languages formed no part of the school instruction of that day. The boys, however, were trained, to work and were taught lessons of industry, economy and perseverance. When a boy Frederick Fitting began saving and hauled produce to Sandusky and also through to New York city, On the return trip he would bring dry. goods and groceries. Carefully savng his earnings until he had secured Sufficient capital to enable him to engage in business on his own account, he embarked in merchandizing in the '30s and so continued until about 1840, in which year he purchased the old Calhoun flour mills. He operated the mills for about five years, after which he purchased the old Hiskey mill. Subsequently he erected a very large flour mill, which he operated until about 1857. From that time until his death he gave his attention to general farming, making his home upon a tract of land which he purchased in 1849 and which he developed until it became a valuable property, annually returning to him rich and abundant harvests. He was a very successful business man and carried forward to completion whatever he undertook. He built the railroad from Mansfield to Independence, now Butler, which is a part of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad system, and became one of the founders and a director of the Savings Bank of Mansfield. His name was an honored one on commercial paper and he did much to promote the material progress and welfare of Richland county and the state. He became recognized as one of the prominent and honored residents of Ohio and on one occasion was solicited to become a candidate for governor, but declined. He never sought nor desired office, but was a life long democrat and gave unfaltering allegiance to the party. Interested in the welfare of the community, he was active in many measures for its support, while throughout his entire career he maintained a reputation for unassailable honesty in business affairs. He was interested in the welfare of the community and active in many measures for its support. He died August 17, 1884, and his wife, surviving him about thirteen years, passed away on the 20th of April, 1897. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Fitting were born two daughters: Mary, who is now deceased; and Mrs. Jane E. Schuler. 882 - HISTORY OF 'RICHLAND COUNTY The latter was born in Jefferson township, this county, December 4, 1842, and spent her girlhood days under the parental roof, where she was trained. to the work of the household, while the public schools afforded her the educational privileges which have qualified her for the successful conduct of business affairs in later years. She saw the first train pass through Bellville and has been a witness of many other events which have left their impress upon the history of the county. By her marriage she has become the Mother of five children : Florence, who is now the wife of Edward Kelley, a resident of Bellville; Ida, the widow of Dr. Jackson ; Mary, the wife of W. B. Elston, who is living in Peoria, Illinois; Catharine, the wife of Dr. Eastman, who is following his profession in Bellville ; and Lenora, the wife of William Gass, who is located in Peoria, Illinois. Mrs. Schuler now owns a valuable farm property of one hundred and twelve acres of rich and productive land, situated on section 9, Jefferson township, and adjoining the village of Bellville. It is a well developed property, supplied with all the modern equipments and accessories and returns to Mrs, Schuler a gratifying annual income. These improvements were all made by her father. There are three residences on her farm and she occupies one, which is attractive by reason of its warm-hearted hospitality. She was reared in the Presbyterian faith and is a lady of many excellent traits of heart and mind, who receives the warm friendship of many with whom she has been brought in contact and enjoys the respect of all who know her. HARLEY H. FATE. Few men are more prominent or more widely known in the industrial circles of the enterprising little city of Plymouth than Harley H. Fate, now acting as president of the firth of J. D. Fate & Company, manufacturers of brick and tile machinery. The paternal grandfather, John D. Fate, Sr., was of Holland descent and came to Ohio from the Keystone state in 1822, locating in Crawford county. The father of our subject, John D. Fate, Jr., who was born in Crestline in March, 1849, followed farming and school teaching in early life and was married in 1871 to Miss Mary E. Sickman. In 1879 Mr. Fate became associated with E. M. Freese in the organization of the Ohio Brick & Tile Machinery Company, doing business in Crestline. Two years later, or 1881, they removed to Plymouth and opened a similar enterprise conducting business under the firm 'name of Fate & Freese. This enterprise was carried on until 1890, when Mr. Fate sold his interest to his partner, who is now carrying on a similar enterprise in Galion. The following year, in 1891, Mr. Fate organized the Fate & Gunsaulus Company, for the manufacture of brick and tile .machinery, conducting the same until 1898, when he admitted his sons to a partnership, under the firm name of J. D. Fate & Company, with J. D. Fate as president; H. H. Fate, vice president; George B. Drennan, treasurer ; and Miss E. K. Drennan, secretary. The death of the president which occurred September 29, 1902, necessitated a change in the management HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 883 of the firm, at which time Harley H. Fate was elected president; H. S. Fate, vice president; and George B. Drennan, Secretary and treasurer. Harley H. Fate, whose name introduces this review, was born in Crestline, Ohio, February 19, 1873. At the. age of eight years he was brought by his parents to Plymouth and here at the usual age he entered the common schools, acquiring a good education. He began his business career in 1898 when his father admitted him to a. partnership in the firm of J. D. Fate & Company, manufacturers of brick and tile machinery, and with this enterprise he has since been connected. Upon the organization of the firm they conducted business in a structure one hundred and fifty by. fifty feet, employing two or three men, but the business has now grown to such mammoth proportions that they have enlarged their space, having a structure three hundred and forty by seventy-five feet and they employ seventy-five men, while their products are shipped to all parts of the world. Mr. Fate is a man of keen discrimination, sound judgment and executive ability, and his excellent management has brought to the concern with which he is connected a large degree of success. Mr. Fate is one of a family of two sons and one daughter, and as above stated, his brother, Harry S. Fate, born in Crestline, February 18, 1875, is now associated with him in business, acting as vice president of the firm. He is also vice president of the. Commercial Motor Truck Company and a director of the First National Bank of Plymouth. The sister is Josephine, the wife of John A. Root, the secretary of Root Brothers Manufacturing Company, of Plymouth. Harley H. Fate was married in December, 1903, to Miss Anna Bell Lawton, of Three Rivers, Michigan, and d their union has been blessed with one daughter, Mary Josephine, born November 29, 1905. Mr. Fate is president of the Commercial Motor Truck Company of Plymouth and vice president of the First National Bank. He is a member of the city council. It is true that he became interested .in a business already established but in controlling and enlarging such an enterprise many a man of even considerable resolute purpose, courage and industry would have failed, but he has been watchful of all details pointing to prosperity and has demonstrated the truth of the saying that success is not the result of genius but the outcome of clear judgment and experience. JAMES G. FERGUSON. James. G. Ferguson, who carries on agricultural pursuits in section 8, Washington township, was born in a little log cabin on the place where he stil resides, February 11, 1845., his parents being Samuel and Margaret C. (Glasgow) Ferguson, the former born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1816, and the latter in Washington county, Pennsylvania, May 3, 1820. The grandparents of our subject. were Samuel and Wilhelmina (Dye) Ferguson, natives of Pennsylvania., who came to Richland county, Ohio, in 1819, purchasing a large tract of land from the government, which the father 884 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY. leased to different parties acid thus had it cleared. He had participated as a soldier in the war of 1812. Returning to the Keystone state, his death there occurred when he had reached the advanced age of ninety-eight years, while his wife was almost a centenarian at the time of her demise. Their family numbered nine children. The parents of Mrs. Margaret C. Ferguson came from Pennsylvania to Ohio by wagon in 1832, locating in Knox county, where they remained for a year, after which they took up their abode in Richland county. Their last years, however, were spent in Henry county, this state. Samuel Ferguson. came to Richland county in 1840, here owning one hundred acres of land which he had received from his father. He began his domestic life in a log cabin; but as the years passed he met with a gratifying measure of success in his agricultural interests and at one time owned three hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive land. He was widely recognized as one of the honored citizens and prosperous farmers of his community and his demise, which occurred April 6, 1895, was sincerely mourned. By his Marriage, which was celebrated May 2, 1844, he had ten children, namely: James Glasgow, of this review ; Wilhelmina E., deceased; Samuel, who has also passed away ; Jennie, the wife of Ervin Beattie, of Michigan; Lycurgus E., a resident of Colorado; Ella, the wife of Charles Dean, of Kansas City, Missouri; Wilda O., the wife of John Longshore, of Ashland county, Ohio; Rilda A., twin sister of Wilda, who is the wife of John Dean, of Mansfield; Nettie, the wife of Frank Brawn, of Kansas; and one who died in infancy other of these children is still living and now makes her home with our subject. James G. Ferguson was reared in the place of his nativity and acquired his eduction in the district schools. When not busy, with his text-books he, assisted his father in the work of the home farm and when he had attained the age of twenty-three years he began farming the place on shares for his father. The estate, which comprises two hundred and twenty acres, is not yet divided and he is still successfully engaged in its operation, meeting with a well merited and enviable degree of prosperity in the conduct of his farming interests. On the 24th of January, 1874, Mr. Ferguson was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Hiskey, whose birth occurred in Perry township, Richland county, February 24, 1853: Her parents, Moses and Amanda (Dye) Hiskey, were both natives of Pennsylvania, the father's birth having occurred. March 3, 1830. They came to this county by wagon in an early day, establishing their home in Perry township. Moses Hiskey passed away in 1900, while his wife was called to her final rest October 3, 1880. Mrs. Ferguson, whose demise occurred October 6, 1900, was the mother of nine children : Anna L., the wife of John McIntyre, of Lexington, Ohio; Margaret, deceased; Ethel W., the wife of Frank Garber, of Mansfield, Ohio; John S, who likewise makes his home in Mansfield, Ohio; Mary O., at home; Josephine, deceased; and Nettie M., Alice J. and William Kenneth, all of whom are still under the parental roof. In his political views Mr: Ferguson is a democrat. and has taken an active and helpful interest in the local work of the party, serving as trustee for one year, as justice of the peace for three years and as a member of the school board HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 885 for a number of years. Fraternally he is identified with the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 446, at Lexington, and also with the Knights of Pythias at that place. Having resided in this county throughout his entire life, he is well and favorably known here and has gained the regard and esteem of all with whom he has come in contact. DANIEL V. SUMMERS, M. D. Dr. Daniel V. Summers, who in professional circles stands high in the community, was born in Shelby, February 12, 1863, and has practiced here since completing his preparation for the medical profession. His parents were Rev. Daniel and Louisa (Hine) Summers. The father was born September 8, 1822, near Waynesboro, Pennsylvania. The latter's great-grandfather in the paternal line came from Germany, while his grandfather on the mother's side came from England. His father, Daniel Summers, was a-soldier of the Revolutionary war. Reared in the state of his nativity, Rev. Daniel Summers acquired his education at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and at Springfield, Ohio, and determining to devote his life to the ministry of the Lutheran church he became identified therewith in 1851 and accepted a pastorate in Kentucky. He afterward served successively the churches at Shelby, Plymouth, Liberty, Vandalia and St. Paris, Ohio. During his long connection with the ministry he was instrumental in building four new houses of worship and in making extensive repairs on several others. He was likewise secretary of the Miami Synod for one term, was president of the Wittenberg Synod for four terms and was three times a delegate to the general synod. He was also a director of Wittenberg College for a number of years. His life has been a potent influence for good in the various, communities where he has lived. His has been a contagious enthusiasm and his zeal for the church and the upbuilding of the cause have constituted strong elements in the growth of the Lutheran denomination in Ohio. His godly life has been an inspiration and encouragement to others and long after he shall have passed away his memory will be sacredly cherished by those who know him. Since retiring from the regular work of the ministry he has supplied pulpits and charges in Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Maryland without compensation. He is now in his eighty-sixth year and is the only survivor of his father's family, making his home with his son, Dr. Summers, of Shelby. His wife, who was a native of Louisville, Kentucky, passed away in Shelby in 1886, at the age of fifty-three years. Their family numbered nine children : Maggie, the wife of J. F. Kaufman, of Eaton, California; Judge A. M. Summers, of the supreme court of Ohio, who for the past eight years has been a resident of Springfield, this state; Rev. J. H. Summers, who was a Lutheran minister but is now deceased; George W., who has also passed away, while his widow resides in Gunnison, Colorado; Dr. D. V. Summers, of this review; Lottie O., who was a teacher in 886 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY. the primary schools of Shelby and other places for a number of years and was very popular and is now the wife of Thomas West, of Pueblo, Colorado; Louisa H., the wife of Thomas Bowman, of Durango, Colorado ; Jennie Bloom, who was a teacher in the high school in Shelby for a number of years and then went to Berlin, where she studied for three years, since which time she has resumed her professional labors; and Henry Franklin, who is an attorney of Springfield, Ohio. He is also superintendent of an eight hundred acre farm at Yellow Springs, Ohio, which belongs to his brother, Judge Summers. 0f the nine children of the family the five sons were students at Wittenberg College and the father provided all with liberal educational advantages. Dr. Summers, whose name introduces this record, acquired his early education in the Shelby schools and was a student in Wittenberg College from 1881 until 1885. Making choice of the medical profession as a life work, he entered Pulte Medical College of Cincinnati in the fall of 1885 and was graduated therefrom in 1888. Well equipped by thorough preliminary training he entered upon active practice in Shelby and now has a patronage which extends over the entire town and a large portion of the surrounding country. As a general-practitioner he has been very successful and is generally regarded as a man who keeps fully abreast of medical progress. He is a member of the Ohio State Medical Society and was health officer of the city for a period of four years. He holds to high ideals in his practice and finds in the faithful performance of each day's duty inspiration and courage for the labors of the succeeding day. In his work lie is prompted by a love of scientific research and by a spirit of broad humanitarianism as well as that laudable desire for financial success which is a stimulus in every honorable business. DANIEL ROGERS. A valuable farm property in section 35, Plymouth township, is the home of Daniel Rogers, one of the most venerable and respected citizens of the community. He was born in Heidlersburg, Adams county, Pennsylvania March 19, 1825, a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Moore) Rogers, who were also natives of Adams county, Pennsylvania. The. father was a wagonmaker, who followed the trade in Heidlersburg for twenty-five years and then removed to Hampton, Pennsylvania, taking up his abode there when his son Daniel was about five years of age. The family lived at Rampton for eight or ten years and in 1837 arrived in Mansfield, Ohio, at which time the city was a collection of little pioneer cabins. After two weeks spent there the family home was established four miles west of Shelby in the midst of the dense forest. Shelby at that time contained only two or three hundred inhabitants, and the country was largely undeveloped and unimproved. Samuel Rogers took eighty acres of wood land, which he cleared and placed under cultivation. However, he left the work of the farm largely to his sons while he engaged in wagonmaking. He had ten children. The death of the mother occurred when she was sixty-five years of age, while Samuel Rogers HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 887 passed away near Plymouth while making his home with his son. He had followed wagonmaking throughout his active life, and was well known as a representative of the industrial interests in his part of the county. The children of the family were Jacob, deceased ; Mary, the wife of John Duell, who is also deceased; John and Samuel, who have passed away ; Elizabeth, the wife of John Hughes, of Kansas ; Margaret, the wife of John Slaybaugh, deceased Isaac, deceased; Daniel, of this review; Abraham, who has departed this life; and Isabelle, the wife of. William Hitchcock, who is living near Grand Lodge, Michigan. Daniel Rogers resided on the farm with his parents up to the time of his marriage and then started in business on his own account. He has lived continuously in this locality since 1837 and has engaged in the tilling of the land in the raising and sale of horses. He has a farm of one hundred and seventeen acres in section 35, Plymouth township, and it has been his home since 1853. He bought his first sixty acres where the house is, and later added forty acres adjoining, and still later seventeen acres additional. When the property came into his possession there was a rude log house upon it, twenty by thirty feet, with a frame kitchen. Today there are modern buildings of substantial construction, and all of the latest improved machinery is used to facilitate the work of the fields. There were about four acres of apples when he took possession and the house was surrounded with peach trees. That year there was a very heavy crop of both peaches and apples, but there was little market for the fruit. The 'finest kind of peaches lay three inches, deep on the ground and he could not sell them, while the apples, hand picked for winter use,. brought only twenty-five cents per bushel. He now has all kinds of fruit on his place, and, in fact, his farm is a splendidly developed property, the fields annually bringing forth rich harvests. For twenty-seven years Mr. Rogers was associated with J. M. Kingsley, of Hartford, Connecticut, in buying horses here; and since the business connection between them has been dissolved Mr. Rogers has bought and shipped horses for himself, his market, being New York city. He has thus handled both road and draught horses, and while associated with Mr. Kingsley he purchased horses to the value of one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. His attention and energies have largely been given to his stock-dealing interests, while the active work of the fields and the farm has been done by men whom he employs for this purpose. In 1850 Mr. Rogers was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Leasure, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1830 and in 1847 came to Ohio with her parents, George and Elizabeth Leasure. Mrs. Rogers passed away on the home farm in April, 1905. There were six children of this marriage : Alda I., wife of J. S. McComb ; Blanche, the wife of James Funk, who is with her father on the farm; Rilla, the wife of M. J. Stowe, of Hancock county, Ohio; Jennie, the wife of C. S. Melchoir, of Toledo, Ohio; George, who died at the age of twenty-seven, leaving a widow and one child; and Minta who was killed at the age of twenty years while returning from a lecture in Shelby with a young man. They were driving across the tracks of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and both were killed. The death of this daughter occurred 888 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY. in, January and in June of the same year Mr. Rogers lost a son who was then thirteen years of age. He feels that the death of his children and his wife has been the greatest hardship that has ever come to him. In business he has prospered, owing to his earnest efforts and unfaltering industry, and he is now most comfortably situated in life. In politics he is a stanch republican, where national questions are involved, but at local elections votes independently. His religious faith, is indicated by his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, and also in his upright life, which has ever been in harmony with his profession. He has now passed the eighty- third milestone on life's journey and receives the high esteem and veneration which should ever be accorded one of his years. He has long lived in the county and is numbered among its pioneer settlers as well as its worthy citizens. HENRY WENTZ. Henry Wentz is a prominent business man of Shelby, who is recognized by those who know him well as a man of most kindly heart, of sterling worth and integrity, as well as of keen sagacity and business enterprise. He was born in December, 1839, about two miles from Shelby. The ancestry can be traced back to three brothers who came from Switzerland in the early settlement of this country and located at Binghamton, New York. Henry Wentz, Sr., the father of our subject, married Elizabeth Sheibley and they became the parents of thirteen children, of whom two died in infancy The eldest daughter of the family, Mary Wentz, was born May 23, 1825, married John Feirorld, a farmer, and died April 24, 1903; Hannah, both December 25, 1826, married Adam Stine, of Crestline, Crawford county Ohio, arid died October 11, 1901; John, born November 11, 1828, is a carpenter by trade and resides in the city of Shelby ; David, born June 6, 1830 Was a farmer living near Shiloh, this county, and passed away December 3, 1905 ; Lydia A., born January 13, 1832, became the wife of George Bloom and died in Richland county, October 12, 1889; George, born July 3, 1834, died in 1886; the next was a daughter who died in infancy; Elizabeth, born October 11, 1837, and now living with her brother Levi, was followed by Henry, of this review ; then came a son who died in infancy; Sarah Ann born September 9, 1843, became the wife of Samuel Miller, of Shelby, and died January 1, 1890; Levi S., born September 18, 1845, lives on the old homestead in Cass township ; Priscilla Katherine, both November 13, 1847 married David S. Stroup, a farmer living in Cass township, and died April 24, 1901. The parents of these children removed from Perry county, Pennsylvania, to Cass township, Richland county, Ohio, in April, 1834, and thus the family became identified with the country during the period of its pioneer development. Henry Wentz was born here when Richland was still a frontier county and was reared amid the scenes and environments of pioneer life. He HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 891 remained at home until he was eighteen years of age and during that period assisted in the work of the fields, but an starting out in life on his own, account he determined to follow other pursuits than that to which he had been reared and learned the carpenter's trade. He was twenty-one years of age when the. Civil war broke out and, putting aside all business and personal considerations, he joined Company E of the Eleventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry under Coloner Lew Wallace and immediately entered upon active service. He proved a brave and loyal soldier whose meritorious conduct on the field of battle won him successive promotions until he became first lieutenant. He had served three and a half years when he resigned in December, 1864, and had participated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Fort Henry and the battle of Shiloh. He was also with his company in Arkansas and Tennessee and was present also at the siege of Vicksburg. He likewise participated in the battle of Port Gibson on the 1st of May, 1863, and of Champion Hill, May 16, 1863; on which occasion forty-three men of his company entered the engagement but only fifteen returned, the other twenty-eight being either killed or wounded. Lieutenant Wentz had his cap pierced by a ball, while another took the heel from his boot. After the Vicksburg campaign had resulted in the capitulation of the city with victory for the Union troops, Mr, Wentz participated in the Sherman expedition to Jackson, Mississippi. He was afterward transferred to the Gulf department and took part in the Teche campaign, while in 1864 he went to the Shenandoah valley and participated in the engagements at Hall Town, Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek; resigning in the fall. Mr. Wentz returned to his home and after spending a year working at the carpenter's trade he became a. merchant at Crestline, Ohio, carrying a stock of hardware, tinware and stoves, and successfully conducted the business until 1875, when he sold out and the following year came to Shelby. In the meantime Mr. Wentz had been married on the 8th of June, 1865, to Miss Sarah A. Bushey, of Shelby, who was called to , her final rest on the 29th of May, 1907. Unto them were born a daughter and two sons: Henry R., who was born March 21, 1867, and died in November 1877 ; Estella Blanche, who was born October 4, 1869 ; and George Ralph, who was born March 1, 1879, and died in August, 1886. The daughter was married June 7, 1894, to Dr. D. V. Summers, of Shelby. She has two children, Harry Hugh and Helen Wentz. Following his removal to Shelby, in 1876, Mr: Wentz engaged in the insurance business and was chosen secretary of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company. In 1885 this company reorganized under the name of the Mutual Plate Glass Insurance Association, of Shelby, and Mr. Wentz became its secretary. He is also actively .interested in the real-estate business, forming a partnership with Francis Brucker and Hon. J. D. Leighty, of St. Joe, Indiana, and they have laid out an addition to the town of Shelby known as the Boulevard Addition, which has become one of the principal residence sections of the city. It was laid out in 1896 and the sale of lots has been rapid and profitable. Mr. Wentz is also a director of the Citizens Bank, of the Sutter Furniture Company and of the Shelby Electric. Company, and is a stock- 892 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY. holder in the Ohio Seamless Tube Company and director and treasurer of the Shelby Printing Company. He is likewise director and president of the Shelby Land & Improvement Company. His business interests are thus extensive and he is recognized as one whose keen insight and sagacity make his judgment valuable and constitute him an important factor in business circles. In community affairs Mr. Wentz has taken an active and helpful interest. He has served as a member of the city council and has cooperated in many movements whereby the interests of Shelby have been enhanced. A most prominent member of Harker Post, No. 146, G. A. R., he served many years as its commander. He also belongs to the Royal Arcanum and the subordinate lodge and Uniformed Rank of the Knights of Pythias, in which connection he is now colonel of the Ninth Regiment of the Ohio Brigade. In the Lutheran church he has been an active and helpful member, has been president of the church joint council and also treasurer of the church. Such in brief is the history of Henry Wentz, whose life record proves the extent of his activity and the value of his services. With the capacity and experience that would enable him to fulfill any trust to which he might be chosen, he has never sought to advance himself in office, but has been contented to do his duty where he could and leave the self-seeking to others. Viewed in a personal light, he is a strong man of excellent judgment, fair in his views but unfaltering in advancing ideas which he believes to be right. He is a man of strong convictions and his integrity stands as an unquestioned fact in his career. He is in full sympathy with the great movements of the world about him and watches the progress of events with the keenest interest. J. B. BALLIET. J. B. Balliet was born upon the farm and in the same house which he now occupies, his natal day being March 9, 1842. This is the old homestead farm of Steven Balliet and his wife, Who bore the maiden name of Catharine Haferman, The parents were both natives of Carbon county, Pennsylvania, and were born in the year 1813. They. became residents of Richland county, Ohio, during the pioneer epoch in. its history, settling here in 1837. Their children were three in number: George W., a resident of Mansfield; J. B., whose name introduces this review and Joseph L., also of Mansfield. When Steven Balliet arrived in Richland county more than seven decades ago he purchased the farm which is now the home of his son, J. B. Balliet, and with characteristic energy began its cultivation and improvement, making his home thereon until his death and. becoming recognized as one of the substantial and respected agriculturists of the community. As boy and youth J. B. Balliet worked upon the home farm, giving his father the benefit 'of his services until he was twenty-one years of age. He then started out in life on his own account and made investment in a farm of ninety-two acres in Wyandot county, Ohio. Taking up his abode upon HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 893 that property he lived there for seven years, after which he sold out and removed to Nevada, where he was engaged in the hardware business for ten years. On the expiration of that period he sold his store and turned his. attention to the livery business, which he also conducted in the same town in Nevada for a period of twelve years. On disposing of his livery barn he returned to Richland county and took up his abode upon the farm which he now owns and occupies, comprising eighty-five acres of productive land on section 23, Madison township. The soil is naturally rich and productive and returns golden harvests to him in reward for the care and labor he bestows n the fields. In 1863 Mr. Balliet was married to Miss Ellen Schultz, a native of Richland county and one of a family of eight Children. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Balliet were born two daughters and a son, as follows: Emma, the wife of Abe Balliet, of Richland county and Calvin and Margaret, both of whom are deceased. The wife and mother passed away in 1870, and in 1872 Mr. Balliet again married, his second union being with Miss Mary J. Moran, a daughter of John and Catharine (Oaks) Moran, who were natives of Ireland and came to America. at an early day. Her father died in 1862 and her mother passed away in 1890. They were the parents of six children. By the second marriage of Mr. Balliet there were born three children 'but two of the number died in infancy, the surviving daughter being Catharine, the wife of A. L. Lober, of Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Balliet votes with the democratic party but has never sought nor desired office, preferring to concentrate upon his business affairs. Throughout his entire life he has been a man of industry and enterprise, carefully conducting his business interests, and the success he has achieved is attributable entirely to his own labors and careful management. ERSKINE CHAMBERS. Erskine Chambers resides on one of the fine farms of Richland county known as Idealyld and lives in the old brick house which was built in 1832 by his grandfather, John Chambers. Its well kept appearance, however, gives little indication that it has passed the three-quarter of a century mark in its existence. John Chambers, the grandfather, and his brother, Andrew Chambers, came to Richland county in the beginning of the century and the former entered land in Springfield township. The brothers built a cabin an the land and cleared some of the place, spending the greater part of the summer here, but returned for the winter to their former lame in Washington county, Pennsylvania. The next spring John Chamberes with his family, then constituting his wife, Sarah, and two children, came to make their home in the little Cabin in Springfield township. When he took possession there was a camp of Indians on the place and they remained for four years or more but were always friendly and peaceable. The family, however, endured many of the hardships, trials and privations incident to pioneer life. The nearest 894 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY. flour mill was at Zanesville, . Ohio, about one hundred miles away, and the methods of travel at that time rendered it a very arduous task to reach the mill. To do so John Chambers would take one sack of grain on the horse which he rode and two sacks on the horse which he would lead or that followed him and thus go to mill. The country was thickly wooded and frequently there was no wagon road, so that he had to follow a trail, and there were no bridges, so that he had to ford the streams; This was occasionally a hard thing to do when the streams were out of the channel and flood high When he would get to Zanesville he would have to wait his turn to have his grist ground. On the way the horses were liable to rub the sacks off against the trees, yet in time the animals became so accustomed to carry a load of this kind on their backs that they would with great dexterity swing around the trees with their. load undisturbed. While John Chambers was away to mill his wife remained at home with their several small children, nor was her life free from the hardships and privations. There was an Indian camp not more than seventy rods from her cabin. She also had to care for the stock and had to carry the water from the spring about forty rods away, Shortly after the arrival of the family here she took her teakettle with her having no bucket for the purpose, and started 'up the stream from which she had obtained water before. When she had proceeded a little distance she saw a tiny branch which she: followed out to small bank, where she found water rising. Taking her hands she scooped out a little basin, then she stood and watched it fill up and flow over until the water ran clear, then she filled her kettle. This was the first time a 'white person had taken water from that spring. It remained, however, the source of water supply for the family and some .of their descendants, who have always owned the home, and few pass by in hot weather without stopping to get a cool, refreshing draught from this spring. On one occasion when her husband was absent on a nine days' trip to mill Mrs. John Chambers was visited by squaws who came to beg. This was not an unusual circumstance, for they begged nearly everything At that time, however, they brought a small vessel, which would hold about an ordinary cupful, and asked for cow's butter. Mrs. Chambers was never in the habit of refusing them anything she could possibly spare them, especially if her husband was away. She filled the dish as full as she could and then gave it back. They took it and pressed the butter down with fingers that could scarcely have been dirtier and then handed it back for her to fill again which she at once did. The warriors; or men of the tribe, never came to the cabin while her husband was away but he would not be borne an hour until a number of them would come to him. He was always their friend and they never attempted to molest him or his family in any way. John Chambers was among the first to take up land in Richland county and he aided in laying broad and deep the foundation upon which its later prosperity and progress has been built. Two children were born unto him and his wife in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and seven were added to the household in Richland county. These were Samuel G., Susan, Margaret, Eliza, Thompson, James H., Emily Ann, Sarah and Eliza Ann. The eldest, Samuel G. Chambers, went to Grand View, Louisa county, Iowa, in 1849, HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 895 locating on a farm there. He was married June 18, 1852, to Rosanna Ronald, and they had five children, Sarah Emily, John Knox, Martha Josephine, William Elsworth and Samuel E. They lived near Grand View until 1880 and were then residents of Brown county, Kansas, until 1896. Samuel G. Chambers lived to be ninety years of age. His eldest daughter is the wife of Dr. H. P. Skiles, a prominent and well known physician of Chicago, residing at 963 Monroe street, and they have a family of five children, Vera Gertrude, Clara J., J. Herbert, Frank Chambers and Arthur. John Knox Chambers, the eldest son of Samuel G. Chambers, married Annie Walker and they have one child, Mary C. They reside at the old home in Kansas. Martha Josephine Chambers, the second daughter of Samuel G. Chambers, is the wife of James Casson, and they have four children: Francis, Bertha, Fred and Leila Casson. William Elsworth, the second son of Samuel G. Chambers, married Bessie Moore and lives at Parker City, Utah. They have two children, William and Harriet Chambers. Samuel E. Chambers, the youngest of the family, married Celia Casson, has three children, May, Gertrude and Samuel George Casson, and they live at Parker City, :Utah. Susan Chambers, the second child of John Chambers, who founded the family in Richland county, never married, but lived on or near the old home for over eighty years. The third child, Margaret Chambers, became the wife of Joseph Roe but at her death left no children. Eliza Chambers, the fourth child, became the wife of Hugh McCullough and had one daughter,. Nettie McCullough. The fifth child, Thompson Chambers, died in infancy, The sixth child, James Harvey Chambers, married Elizabeth Morrow. He purchased the old home from his father, John Chambers, and there made his home throughout his entire life, covering eighty-one years. He was one of the foremost farmers of the county and a lover of good stock. Unto him and his wife were born two sons: Erskine and John Chalmers. The latter married Irene Copeland and they have four children : William C., Harvey, Elizabeth and Ruth. They now live at Lakeside, San Diego county, California, where Mr. Chambers has been engaged in raising fruit since 1897. Emily Ann Chambers, the seventh child of John Chambers, became the wife of John McCullough, of Mahoning county, and they live on the old McCullough homestead near Portland. They had one child, Sarah Jeannette, who was liberally educated and became the wife of Joseph Roe McKnight, a . successful attorney of Norwalk, Ohio. Their children are three in number: Edna Ninette, the wife of H. E. Graham., manager of the Oil Belt Telephone Company and a resident of Cygnet, Ohio; John Bronson McKnight, an Attorney located in the mining district at Vernon, Nevada; and Ethelberta of Samuel Caldwell and they had three children : John Caldwell, who married McKnight, who became the wife of A. B. Rundell, a real-estate dealer of Norwalk, Ohio, by whom she has one son; John. McKnight Rundell. Sarah Chambers, the eighth child of John Chambers, became the wife Lessa Stevens and had one son, Oscar Caldwell Nettie Caldwell, the wife of Jonathan Uhlich, a farmer and superintendent of the Children's Home in Richland county and Minnie Caldwell, the wife of George Schanes, manager of the electric plant at Cardington, Ohio. 896 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY. Eliza Ann Chambers, the ninth member of the family, became the wife of Robert Smith, who died shortly after their marriage. The old home is now occupied by Erskine Chambers. This land was entered by Jahn Chambers in 1809 and was deeded to him in 1814, while in 1857 it was deeded by him and his wife Sarah to their son, James H. Chambers, who in 1902 deeded it to his son, Erskine Chambers. Erskine Chambers, the son of James H., married Miss Lizzie Boyce and to them have been born three sons. Harvey Arthur married Nancy Fisher had one son, Arthur Erskine, and died at the age of twenty-two years. The younger sons, Clarence Boyce and John Erskine, are both at home. The father, Erskine Chambers, purchased the. old home farm from his father. He had always lived upon this place, which is dear to him through the memories of .boyhood as well as with the associations of mature years. The place is often spoken of as a model farm and indeed it possesses all of the accessories and conveniences of a model property of the twentieth century. The family have named it Idealyld. When Mr. Chambers was nineteen years of age he purchased three registered hogs and since that time he has been continuously engaged in raising registered stock, including hogs, sheep cattle and horses. His brother John was a partner with him in his stock-raising for years, although they each owned separate animals. When his sons reached the age of nine and ten years Erskine Chambers made them partners in business, believing that an interest in one's occupation should grow as one's years advanced. Today they are young men and the firm is known as Erskine Chambers & Sons of the Idealyld Stock Farm. Many premiums have been awarded to the stock fed, raised or bred on the old farm and indeed it is a well known fact that some of the finest stock produced in Ohio has been here raised. The family occupy the old brick residence, which was built by the grandfather in 1832 and which is yet in an excellent state of repair. The work of improvement and development has been carried on along the most progressive lines of modern agriculture and the name of Chambers has long figured as a prominent one in agricultural circles here Most of the family have also been most active in support of public measures, contributing to the general welfare, and Erskine Chambers is no exception tothis rule. C. L. LINE. C. L. Line was born in Wayne county, Ohio, November 17, 1845, his parents being Joseph and Susan (Underwood) Line. The father, who was also a native of Wayne county, learned the cooper's trade in early life and subsequently conducted a large cooper shop in East Union township, Wayne county, Ohio, hauling his barrels to Massillon, Ohio, with ox-teams. In 1849, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, he made his way to that stae, and was very, successful in his search for the precious metal. When a year had passed he boarded a vessel which was homeward bound, but was taken ill with cholera, and died in 1850. His wife, long surviving him, was called to her final HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY - 897 rest in 1891. Their family numbered five children, namely : L. N., who is living retired in Wells county, Indiana; C. L., of this review ; S. S., a retired agriculturist living in Mansfield; Marion, who is a machinist residing at Galion; and Josephine, the wife of D. Leddingham, of Cleveland, Ohio. C. L. Line acquired his education in Wayne and Crawford counties and early became familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He is now engaged in threshing and baling hay and in addition in the work of general farming he also carries on stock-raising, his valuable farm of two hundred and eighty-eight acres being located on section 26, Sandusky township, Richland county. He has won success in his undertakings because of his well directed and unremitting labor, supplemented by excellent business ability and sound judgment. In 1870 Mr. Line was united in marriage to Miss Flora Alice Hoover, the only daughter of John Hoover. Her grandfather, John Hoover, set free his slaves in Virginia and came to Richland county, Ohio, here purchasing land. He first settled east of Mansfield but later took up his abode in Sandusky township. George Kern, the oldest butcher in Mansfield, bought his first beef, after coming to the. United States, from the grandmother of Mrs. Line, the cow having been raised on the farm on which our subject now resides. John Hoover, the grandfather, passed away at the age of fifty-four years. The father of Mrs. Line was but six years of age when he accompanied his parent son their removal from Virginia to Richland county. After attaining man's estate he became connected with the Sandusky, Mansfield &, Newark Railway, now a part of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, which is the second road in the state of Ohio, and was the oldest passenger conductor in this state. About the time when he decided to leave the railroad company's employ they were building new roads in the west and asked him to take the superintendency of a line in that part of the country. Mr. Hoover went only as as Chicago, however, and then notified the railroad that he would follow his previous intention and go back to live on the farm with his family. Unto C. L. and Flora Alice (Hoover) Line were born four children, as follows : E. Jay, of whom mention is made below ; E. C., employed by the railroad as a flagman, who married Miss Gussie Thayer and makes his home in Galion, Ohio ; W. G., who married Miss Edna Krohn and is employed as baggageman by the Erie Railroad, also living in Galion and Florence, the wife, of J. G. Lee, who is telegraph operator for the Erie Railroad at Galion, Ohio. In his political views C. L. Line is a stanch democrat and has served as township trustee for several years. He is now a member of the board of education, the cause of public instruction finding in him a stalwart champion. Both he and his wife are devoted and faithful members of the United Brethren church at Galion, and are highly esteemed and respected residents of the community in which they dwell. E. Jay Line was born on the old family homestead May 26, 1871, and supplemented his district school education by a course of study at Ada., Ohio. For fifteen terms he has now been engaged in teaching school during the winter seasons, imparting clearly and readily to others the knowledge that he has acquired. During the summer months he is associated with his father in 898 - HISTORY OF RICHLAND COUNTY the conduct of the home farm and is well known throughout the community as an enterprising and successful young citizen, who has gained recognition in educational as well as in agricultural lines. On the 24th of December, 1899, occurred the marriage of E. Jay Line and Miss Manetta Holtshouse, of Galion, Ohio. They have a bright and interesting little daughter, Mary Alice, whose birth occurred June 1, 1903. Mr. Line gives his political allegiance to the democracy, while his wife is a member of the United Brethren church. A man of genial nature and pleasant address, he has won the warm esteem and friendship of all with whom he has come in contact and is one of the worthy native sons of this county. HON. HARRISON MICKEY. Among the men whose lives have conferred distinction upon the community which has honored them, is numbered Hon. Harrison Mickey, who has stood always as a man firm in his support of his honest convictions and his public service was actuated by a most earnest desire for the public good. He was born December 1, 1819, in Orange township, of what was then Ashland county, Ohio, but is now Richland county. His father, Robert Mickey, came to this county from Pennsylvania and here reared his family of thirteen children, all of whom are now deceased, with the exception of one, Robert, who lives in Illinois. Harrison Mickey was the third in order of birth. He spent his boyhood and youth amid the wild scenes and conditions of frontier life, aided in the arduous task of developing a new farm and as his years and strength increased assisted more and more largely in the. work of the fields and garden. In 1834 the family removed to Madison township and there Harrison Mickey helped to clear a new farm, working in this way through the summer months, while in the winter seasons he attended the public schools. At the age of seventeen years, however, he left the farm and was apprenticed to John Saner; a blacksmith of Mansfield, with whom he continued for about two years or until December 1, 1850. At that date he entered the employ of Minly & Young, of Shelby, and thus he worked as a journeyman for some time. He established a business on his .own account, but was obliged to discontinue on account of physical disability. After the election of Franklin Pierce Mr. Mickey applied for the post-mastership at Shelby and was the second man appointed to that office, the duties of which he assumed on the 1st of June, 1853, serving continuously until the 1st of October, 1860. During the presidential campaign of that year the Breckinridge and Lane committee asked him for a contribution of ten dollars for political purposes, but being a Douglas democrat he wrote a scathing letter which lost him his position. The letter read as follows: "Sirs: In answer to your note of yesterday demanding ten dollars in consideration of my official position as postmaster, to aid in making a political canvass in favor of Breckinridge and Lane, I will say that it can in no way be acceded to by me. Under the present circumstances and the manner in which you make