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MONROE TOWNSHIP.

ANDREWS, JAMES (deceased); he was born near Cannonsburg, Penn.; Feb. 6, 1796; his father, Col. John Andrews; commanded a regiment of Ohio militia in the war of 1812; among the engagements he participated in was the battle of Fort Meigs. James Andrews was married to Miss Levina Carsick Feb. 11, 1822, she was bon near Gettysburg, Adams Co., Penn., Jan. 19, 1797; her parents removed to Harrison Co., Ohio, about the year 1806. James Andrews and wife removed to Richland Co. in the spring of 1823 ; he purchased a quarter-section of land in Monroe Township, which is now owned by his son Samuel James and Levine Andrews are the parents of seven children, six sons and one daughter ; John G., the eldest child, was born in Jefferson Co. Jan. 29, 1823; James C., their second son, was bon Aug. 4, 1825; he and his younger brothers and sister were bon in Monroe Township; William R., their third son, was bon Oct. 18, 1828; Mary Jane was bon May 26, 1831; David, their fourth son, was bon June 18, 1833; Joseph, their fifth son, was born May 21, 1838; Samuel, their youngest son, was born. July 29, 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews were consistent members of the United Presbyterian Church many years. He was of a kind and generous disposition. Mr. Andrews departed this life Nov. 18, 1850; his disease was cancer on the breast; he had it removed when it had attained to several pounds in weight, but this did not suffice to save his life; after enduring for many days agony the most intense and suffering the most intolerable, he was finally relieved by death ; he was buried in the Pine Run graveyard. John, their eldest son, married Rebecca White; James, Rebecca Paxton; William, Elizabeth Stauffer; Mary Jane, Daniel McFarland; Joseph, Ella. Simpkins. James and Mary Jane reside in Kosciusko Co., Ind.; John in Iowana Co., Mich., and Joseph in Pawnee Co.. Kan. Joseph Andrews enlisted in Co. G, 64th O. V. I., in September, 1861, and served his country faithfully during the war of the rebellion; he participated in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Franklin, Tenn., and many other minor engagements; he was a brave and intrepid soldier. David Andrews enlisted in Co. B, 120th O. V. I.; he died of disease contracted in the service at Milliken's Bend, near Vicksburg, May 5, 1863. Samuel Andrews enlisted in November, 1861, in the 6th Ohio Battery; he served fourteen months, when he was honorably discharged from the service on account of general disability. Samuel Andrews was married to Miss Amanda C. Wiles June 9,1864; he brought his wife home to his mother's house, where they continued to reside, caring and providing for his aged parent during her declining years. and cultivating a portion of the old homestead; at her decease, he became the owner of this farm by purchase, where he still continues to reside; this is one of the best upland farms in the township; it is well watered, well timbered, and well adapted to the raising of all kinds of grain and grasses. Samuel Andrews and wife are the parents of seven children, four sons and three daughters-Harmon, Cary S., Minnie E., Alta T., Levine C. and Samuel L.; one died in infancy; Harmon is buried in the St. John's Cemetery. Mr. Andrews and wife have been active members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church for many years, and are much respected for their many virtues.

APPLEGATE, JOHN. His parents were born in Washington Co.. Penn., and emigrated to Richland Co. in the year 1820; they located in Monroe Township and entered the farm that Mr. Applegate now lives on, sad his father resided there until his death, which occurred Feb. 15, 1878; they had a family of eleven children. John Applegate was bon Feb. 10, 1843; in getting on education, he went to district school until he was 14 years old, when he went to a select school in Lucas, taught by Dr. J. E. Strickler. He enlisted Oct. 15, 1861, in Co. E, 64th O. V. I., and was in all the principal engagements the Army of the Cumberland participated in, and re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864, as a veteran, and served until the close of the war; he was mustered out and honorably discharged Jan. 4, 1866, having faithfully served his country over four years; after returning home, he rented his father's farm, and commenced farming in the spring of 1866. He was married to Miss H. C. Winters Feb. 11, 1868, and they have a family of three children-George W. and Stiles W., who are twins, and were born Jan. 10, 1869; Hattie E., born July 10, 1874. He moved into Ashland Co. April 3, 1869, and resided there until March 17, 1880, when he moved back to the old homestead (he having bought it the fall before), where he, together with his family, enjoys the many comforts of life, and the esteem of those around them.

BARR, SAMUEL, farmer; P. O. Lucas; was bon in Bedford Co., Penn., May 25, 1823; he is the eldest son of David and Mary Barr; his mother's maiden name was Kaylor; his parents were both of German descent; they came to Ohio in the spring of 1830. David Barr lift his family in Stark Co., during that summer, while he came to this county to hunt a location ; he purchased the southeast quarter of Sec. 5, in Monroe Township; he removed his family to this township in the fall of the same year, but, their farm being unimproved, they did not move thereon till the following spring; in the mean time, they put up a house and removed aportion of the dense forest that encumbered their lands ; in the spring, they removed to their farm and went to work in earnest to improve and cultivate it; by persevering industry on the part of all the members of the family who were old enough to labor, the wilderness disappeared and fruitful fields appeared in their stead. David and Mary Barr are the parents of seven children, three eons and four daughters; they are named in the order of their births, as follows: Samuel, Frederick, Nancy, Susan, Elizabeth, Ephraim and Mary. Epbraim died when

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about 18 years old. Elizabeth was married to Jeremiah Jones; she died Dec. 28, 1878, leaving a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters. Samuel Barr remained with his father assisting him in improving and cultivating his farm, till some time prior to his marriage. Feb. 16, 1846, he was united in marriage to Miss Barbary A. Beasere, eldest daughter of DanIel and Mary Beasere, of Monroe Township; by this marriage, he had six children, one son and five daughters named as follows: Mary Jane, John A., Salena. A., Martha A.., Susan B. sad Emma A. Martha A. and Emma A. are dead, and buried in the Mount Zion Cemetery. Mary J. married William Durbin; John, Susan L Durben; Salena A., Charles Swigart; Susan E., W. S. Kerr. Mrs. Barr was a consistent member of the German Reformed Church for many years ; she died Jan. 12, 1868, and was buried in the Mount Zion Cemetery. Mr. Barr married for his second wife Miss Susan M., eldest daughter of Alexander and Ruth J. McBride; they were married Dec. 20, 1868; by this marriage he has had four children, two of whom died in infancy; the names of the two living are Hattie and Courtney Scott. Soon after his first marriage, Mr. Barr rented one of his father's farms; he lived on this farm about five years; he managed, in that length of time, by the most careful management and close applition to business, to amass means enough, as he thought, to justify him in buying a farm of his own; he purchased 120 acres of land in Mifflin Township, and removed his family thereon; he subsequently sold 60 acres of this land; when Mr. Barr removed to this farm, he found it very much out of repair; the buildings were old and dilapidated, the fences rotten and broken down, and the fields covered, to a great extent, with briars and brambles; he immediately set about making the necessary improvements: during his stay on this farm he built a dwelling, bank-barn and other outhouses cleared his fields of the briars and brambles that encumbered them, repaired his fences, and made may other valuable improvements: nor was his labor in vain; he bought the whole farm for $1,920, and sold the eighty acres for $5,000 ; after residing on this farm about nineteen years, he sold it, as above stated, and purchased the southeast quarter of Sec. 5, in Monroe township, to which he removed his family and where he still continues to reside; this farm is highly fertile and very productive, and Mr. Barr, being a first-class farmer, has it under a good state of cultivation; it is well adapted in all kinds of farming purposes. Mr. Barr and wife are both active and zealous members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Laces; they have contributed largely of their means toward the building of churches, the support of the ministry, and other religious and benevolent enterprises. For the last ten years. Mr. Barr has been an active member of Monroe Lodge, No. 224, I. O. O. F.; he has attained t the highest rank in his lodge. Mr. Barr is an active and influential member of Morning Star Lodge,: No. 36, Daughters of Rebecca. Mr. Barr has held offices of honor and trust, both in Mifflin and Monroe Townships.

BERRY, PETER, REV.; P. O. Hastings; Henry Be his father, was born in Huntingdon Co., Penn., in 1805; moved to Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1820, and from there to Richland in 1825. Was married to Miss Catharine Keller June 11, 1829, by whom he had eleven children, six sons and five daughters. Elizabeth, the eldest, was born Feb. 11, 1830; married to Zachariah Burkirk in 1848; died in 1849, and was buried in the Hersh Graveyard Mary, their second daughter, was born Sept. 19, 1831 was married to John Hersh in 1850. Her husband died in 1854. Peter, their eldest son, was born in Monroe Township Nov. 2, 1833, Henry, their second son, was born to 1835; was married to Miss E. Hoover, when he was about 20 years old. Lived with her about twelve yeas, when she died, He was then married to Miss Hattie Wilcox, of Delaware Co. He lived with her four years and eight months, when he died. He was an itinerant minister of the Gospel; preached for the United Brethren Church eight years, and for the Methodist Episcopal Church two years. He died of consumption, and was buried at East Liberty, Delaware Co. Their third daughter, Christina, married C. L Miller; lived with him years, when she died of consumption. Their fourth daughter, Sarah, married Henry Clever ; they removed to Michigan, where they now reside. Their third son, John, enlisted in the army during the late war. Went into camp at Mansfield, where he remained one night, was taken sick, came home and died. He was about 20 years old when he died; was buried at the Hersh Graveyard. Their fifth daughter, Harriet, married Jerry Snyder. Her husband enlisted in the Union army during the late war, where he contracted a disease which caused his death. She died in 1877, and was buried at Four Corners. Their fourth- son, William, enlisted is the thirty-day service, and died while returning home. Their fifth son, Philip, died at Palmyra when about 20 years old. Their youngest son Jacob died in infancy. Henry Berry, at an early day, purchased a small farm in the southwestern part of the township, where he continued to reside a long as he lived. His widow, who is now quite old and feeble, still continues to reside there. Peter Berry was raised on this farm. He worked on the farm till he was about 15, when he engaged to learn the carpenter trade with Christ Teeter and Isaac White. He worked with them two years, when he entered into partnership with Eli Berry, with whom he worked one year. From that time to the present, he has carried on the business himself. Dec. 12, 1854, he was married to Miss Rebecca Teeter of his native county, by whom he had three sons and three daughters - Adam, Eli, Sarah Ellen, Mary M., Alice and Harvey. Mrs. Berry died at the age of 31 years; she was buried at the Hersh Graveyard. Mr. Berry was married to Miss Nancy J. Hulit, of his native township, is 1856. By this marriage, he has had seven children, three sons and four daughters - Ermina Ercena, the oldest, was born Oct. 18, 1866 Lilly Etta, April 3, 1869; Silva Ariminda, Jan. 6, 1871; Olie Catharine, Oct. 25, 1873; Albert Pearl, Oct 31, 1875; Ernest Everts, Oct. 8, 1877, and Charlie Leroy July 10, 1879. Albert Pearl died April 1, 1877. Olie Catharine was killed by a falling tree Nov. 18, 1879; they were both buried at the Worthington Cemetery. Mr. Berry and his first wife united with the United Brethren Church in 1853. In 1855, having removed to a distance from their church into the vicinity of a Lutheran church, they united with the Lutheran

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Church; they remained in this church about five years, when they re-united with the Brethren Church, in connection with which Mrs. Berry remained till her death, and to which her husband still belongs. Mrs. Nancy Berry was a member of the Baptist Church for several years before her marriage. Shortly after her marriage she united with the church to which her husband belonged. In 1864, Mr. Berry was licensed to preach by the Sandusky Conference, of which he was a member till 1878, when a new conference was formed, called the Central Ohio, to which he has since belonged. He took charge of Shelby Station part of one year; the remainder of the time he has occupied a local relation. He is quite conservative in his religious views, willing, whenever he has the opportunity, to unite with his brethren of other denominations in their efforts to do good. He labors hard at his trade and at farming, to support his large family. He attends all the revivals in his section of country, and takes an active part wherever permitted to do so. He has preached at more than fifty different places.

BERRY, JACOB, farmer; P. O. Hastings; this worthy citizen was born is Center Co., Penn., March 26, 1800; his father, Peter Berry, Sr., was of English-German descent; he was born in the same place; he followed shoemaking, farming and butchering. He married Elizabeth Byerly, by whom he had six children, three sons and three daughters; in 1820, he came to Wayne Co., Ohio, where he invested $250 in land; he improved it, and sold at as advance of $600; then came to Richland Co. and bought 160 acres in Sec. 28, which he improved. He died here, at 68 years of age; his widow lived on this farm till her death, at 90 years of age. Jacob, the eldest of the family, was stout and hardy and was taught not to fear hard work; he went with his father to Wayne Co. in 1820, where, April 13, 1828, he was married to Ann Mary Albright; this family came here from Center Co. a year in advance of the Berrys; they located near Canton, Ohio; Mrs. Berry was born June 6, 1797; her mother died when she was 6 years old; she had one brother and five sisters, four half-sisters and a brother, her father being married twice. Frederick Albright, Mr. Berry's father-in-law, died near Canton. Mr. Berry and wife were schoolmates when young ; they came to Richland Co. in 1829, and settled where they now live; for $150, he bought 80 acres of land; twelve years after this, he bought the old homestead, for $1,800, exclusive of his share, and then sold it for $3,000 to his sons; his father died about 1841; he and Andrew Charles then bought 60 acres where the latter now lives, for $2.200; 40 acres of this belonged to Mr. Barry; he then paid $1,000 for 20 acres where D. McCready now lives, sold it, and bought the Collins farm of 80 acres for $2,250 cash; sold 15 acres to William Clusman and 4 to Mrs. Collins; he now owns 181 acres of good land. Mr. Berry and wife have had five sons and four daughters; became men and women, except one boy, who died is Infancy; their names are Elizabeth, Adam and Benjamin (twins), Eli, Margaret, Sophia and Catherine: Anthony and Samuel, the youngest, are dead: the latter war in the army eleven months; not feeling well, he went into the hospital, when a detachment of the enemy came up and fired through the window; he was shot in the head, and died instantly. Mr. Berry and wife have been members of the Lutheran Church sixty-four years; belong to Hersh's Church; has been Deacon and War a number of years; has also been Trustee.

BERRY, ELI, farmer; P. O. Lucas. Eli Berry, fourth son of Jacob and Mrs. Berry, was born in Monroe Township, June 8, 1830. The days of his boyhood were spent on a farm; he was permitted to attend school a few months during the year, and succeeded in acquiring a fair knowledge of the common English branches. About the time he attained his majority, he commenced to work at the carpenter trade; he worked at this business about ten years, and became a very good mechanic. He was married, April 17, 1859, to Sarah Hays; Miss Hays was a daughter of Mr. John Hays, of Worthington Township, by his first wife, and grand-daughter of Capt. Cunningham ; she was born Oct. 16, 1838. By this marriage, Mr. Berry had two children, a son and a daughter-Ira Sturges, born Jan. 19, 1860, and Huldy Maria, April 26,1862. Mrs. Sarah Berry died June 5, 1866, and was buried in the St. Johns Cemetery. Mr. Berry was married to Mrs. Mary E. Goodale Dec. 10, 1867; Mrs. Goodale, whose maiden name was Rummel, is the oldest daughter of Louis Rummel, by his second wife, Anna Rummel. Miss Rummel was born in Wyandot Co., Ohio, May 23, 1841; she was married to Mr. Joseph Goodale, of Knox Co., Ohio, in December, 1862; her husband was a soldier in the late war, served with credit the full term of his enlistment; he contracted disease while in the army which caused his death; he lived but a short time after his return home; he was buried in the Ebenezer Cemetery, Knox Co. Mr. and Mrs. Berry are the parents of three children, one son and two daughters-Earl Douglas, born May 23, 1870, died Nov. 24, 1871 (is buried in the St. Johns Cemetery) ; Anna Zelma, born Sept. 25, 1872; Eva Joy, born July 24, 1877. Mr. Berry was a member of Monroe Lodge, No. 224, I. O.O. F., for many years. He and his good wife have been active and zealous members of the Disciple Church for many years; they have been very liberal in their contributions for the building of churches, the support of the ministry, and other religions and benevolent enterprises. The first land owned by Mr. Berry was the undivided half of the farm now owned by his brother, Benjamin. in this township; 1870, he sold his interest in this farm to his brother, and purchased a farm adjacent to the village of Lucas, known as the Marks farm : in 1873, he traded this farm for the one he now owns, it being the northeast quarter of Sec. 32, in Monroe Township; he has materially improved this farm since he became the owns of it; he is regarded as a first-class farmer; Mr Berry has devoted his whole attention to farming for many years; he has made the business a study, and has acquired a pretty thorough knowledge of it; his farm is highly fertile and well adapted to most farming purposes. In their dispositions, Mr. Berry and wife are kind and social; they are ever ready to minster to the wants of the needy and distressed. By persevering industry and careful management, they have been enabled to acquire a considerable portion of this world's goods, and are now prepared, should they meet

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with no reverses of fortune, to pass their declining years in use and comfort.

BOLES, R. S., M. D., Lucas; was born March 8, 1843, in Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio; in 1853, his parents removed to Ripley Township, Holmes Co.; in 1866, he began the study of medicine with Drs. Bertolett & Todd, of Shreve, Wayne Co.; he graduated at Charity Hospital Medical College during the sessions of 1868 and 1869. He began the practice of his profession in the spring of 1869, in West Windsor, Richland Co.; in the spring of 1870, he removed to Lucas, where he still resides. He was married to Catharine Hale, of West Windsor, Oct. 19, 1871. His father, William Boles, died March 19, 1867; his mother, Margaret Boles, died March 2, 1871. He has three brothers and two sisters living. The Doctor is kind, jovial and friendly in his disposition, affable and pleasing in his manners. He is well fitted for the profession he has chosen. Comparatively speaking, he has a very lucrative practice for a man of his age; in his practice he has been remarkably successful, and is now recognized as one of the prominent physicians of our county.

CHEW, SAMUEL, farmer; P.O. Lucas; he was born in Harrison Co„ Ohio, near Athens, April 5, 1810; his father's name was William Chew; his mother's maiden name Lydda Hancher; his father was of Welsh, and his mother of English descent; his father, a farmer, emigrated to Richland Co. about the year 1818, a little northwest of the present site of Lucas ; he remained on this farm four years, when he purchased the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 22, in Monroe Township, where he spent the remainder of his days. Samuel Chew was married to Miss Mary McBride, daughter of Thomas and Mary McBride, early settlers of Monroe Township, April 5, 1832; by this marriage he had ten children, five sons and five daughters-Archabald, born Jan. 15, 1833, married to Miss Elizabeth Swan Jan. 24, 1856, died a few years ago; Lydda, born Nov. 6, 1834, married to Newton Hersh Sept. 21,1858, died in March, 1868, leaving three children-she was buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery, near Lucas; Mary Ellen, born Oct. 15, 1836, died May 18,1854-buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery ; Ann, born Oct. 22, 1839, married to Washington Gates March 11, 1860, resides in Wyandot Co.; William Washington, born July 4, 1841, married to Miss Fox, she dying, be married Louisa Fink, of Wyandot Co., where he now resides; Thomas M., born Nov. 5, 1843, married Mary Augustine in September, 1862; James W., born March 14, 1846, married Isabella Hersh in the spring of 1870; Alfred G., born June 3, 1850, married Susan Eirhart, died in September, 1865, and was buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery, near Lucas; Arvin, E., born Nov. 28, 1851, died May 21, 1860; Olive A., born April 2, 1855, married John Eirhart May 23, 1877. In 1831, Mr. Chew purchased the southeast quarter of Section 15, in Monroe Township; there were no improvements on this farm at the time he bought it. It is now well improved, and in a very good state of cultivation. Mrs. Chew was a consistent member of the Lutheran Church for many years; she died Aug. 25, 1858, respected by all who knew her, and was buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery, near Lucas. June 28, 1860, Mr. Chew was married to Mrs. Mary A. Wright relict of Moses Wright, formerly of Shelby, Ohio; her father's name was Joseph Gerard, and ha mother's maiden name Rachel Presser; her father was of French, and her mother of Welsh descent; she had one child, by her first husband-Mary L. Wright. She married Alonzo P. Marvin, of Shelby, her native town; moved to Wyandot Co., where she died July 14, 1852, having one child, a daughter, Mabel; she was buried at Shelby. Mr. Chew has been a member of the Masonic Fraternity about thirty years.

COULTER, MELTZER (deemed), was born in Butler Co., Penn., Oct, 19, 1798 ; his flasher's name was Thomas Coulter, and his mother's maiden name Nancy Tannahill. Thomas Coulter was born Aug. 8, 1766, Nancy Tannahill Jan. 28, 1761; they were married Nov. 17, 1789; they came to Richland Co., in 1811; he entered a farm about three-fourths of a mile below the present site of the village of Perryville, being the one on which the Stringer mill now stands, which farm he cultivated and improved, and on which he continued to reside as long as he lived. He was married three times; his first wife died July 30, 1825. He was married to Mrs. Martha Rice Nov. 1, 1825; his second wife died Sept. 7, 1835. He was married to Mrs. Jane Perry Sept. 13, 1836. He died Oct. 28, 1844, he and his three wives are buried side by side in the Perrysville cemetery. Meltzer Coulter was about 13 years old when his parents came to Richland Co. He remained with his father, assisting him in his labors until he attained his majority, when he began business on his own account. He was married to Elise Adzit Nov. 20, 1823, by whom he had four children, two sons and two daughters-Lycurgus, born. Aug. 13, 1824, died July 25,1835; Clarissa, born April 26, 1826, died Aug. 9, 1833; Samantha, born Nov. 15, 1828; Lecenius Milton, born March 19, 1831, married to Eliza Archer May 19, 1853; Syremus Newton, born June 15, 1834, married to Eliza J. Wilson, Sept. 21, 1854; the last-named son a minister by profession. In the spring of 1826, Mr. Coulter entered the southeast quarter of Sec. 19, in Monroe Township; he put up a cabin on his farm, and went to work to remove the dense forest from a portion in order to prepare it for cultivation. Mr. Coulter's first wife died Aug. 8, 1834, and was buried at Perrysville ; he married, for his second wife, Miss Abigail P. Crawford, second daughter of George and Mary Crawford, of Perrysville ; they were married Jan. 14, 1836 ; by this marriage he had four children, one son and three daughters-Eliza R., Mary, Nancy J. and Thomas M.; Eliza R. died Sept. 14, 1842; Mary, Sept. 8, 1842; they were both buried at Perrysville. Mr. Coulter' was an active and consistent member of the Presbyterian Church about forty years, and his last wife was a zealous member of the same church about thirty years. Mr. Coulter was one of the first men in his township to advocate the cause of temperance; he was also the first man in the township to vote the Anti-slavery ticket, and, notwithstanding the scoffs and jeers of fellow-townsmen, be continued to vote this ticket several years; he lived, however, to see his party triumphant. He died Feb. 28, 1875, and was buried at Perrysville. His widow still resides on the old homestead. Thomas M. Coulter, only son of Meltzer Coulter by his second wife,

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was married to Miss Elizabeth Gardner, daughter of George and Elizabeth Gardner, Dec. 25, 1870; she is of German descent; her mother's maiden name was Mentzer. Thomas M. and Elizabeth Coulter are the parents of five children, three of whom are living and two dead-Esther A., born Jan. 19, 1872, died May 17, 1874; Elmer Alonzo, born Jan. 19, 1874, died Jan. 21, 1875; Samantha Irena, born Dec. 1, 1875; Charley C., Feb. 1, 1877, and Mary Jane, Nov. 25, 1878.

CRAIG, LEMUEL -farmer; P. O. Lucas. His father, John, Craig, was born in Washington Co., Penn., Feb. 8, 1805; was of Irish descent, and a farmer by occupation; his wife, whose maiden name was Hannah Perry, was a Virginian by birth, was born Aug. 10, 1805; was twice married. married to Samuel Stewart Sept. 9, 1823; he was of Scotch-Irish descent; by this marriage she had six children-Mary Jane, born Sept. 14,1824; Samuel P., born Sept. 9,1825; Susannah, born May 15, 1827; Mathew D., born Aug. 7, 1828; Alvah. born Sept. 25, 1829, and John, born Aug. 9, 1831. Mr. Stewart came to Richland Co. in 1830, and July 22 of the same year, purchased the northeast quarter of Sec. 29, in Monroe Township, where he continued to reside until the day of his death; he died Jan. 8, 1831. John Craig and Hannah Stewart were married about the year 1834; they have two sons and three daughters, who have lived to he men and women-Lemuel, born March 9, 1835; Elizabeth, born May 29, 1836; Nancy and James, twins, born June 29, 1840, and Mary Ann, born March 2, 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Craig continued to reside on the farm where she first settled in the township as long as they lived ; he died Jan. 22, 1869, and she Aug. 21, 1869. Mr. Craig was a member of the Lutheran Church, and was buried in the Pleasant Valley Cemetery; Mrs. Craig was a member of the United Presbyterian Church, and was buried in the Monroe Cemetery. Lemuel Craig was married to Drusilla Huston March 30, 1858, by Rev. W. A. G. Emerson ; Miss Huston is the second daughter of John and Mary Huston; Mr. and Mrs. Lemuel Craig were both born and raised in Monroe Township, and have lived on or near the farm on which they now reside, ever since their marriage; Mr. Craig now owns 56 acres, of the west side of the old homestead ; has erected thereon a very good barn and neat and comfortable dwelling, besides making many other important improvements. Mr. Craig and wife have been active and zealous members of the Lutheran Church for about twenty-two years. He held the office of Township Clerk, and discharged his official duties to the satisfaction of all concerned.

CRAWFORD, DAVID (deceased) ; he was born in Greene Co., Penn., April 15, 1781; his father's name was John Crawford ; his mother's maiden name was Issabella Parker; his parents subsequently moved to Venango Co., in the same State. He remained with them, working on the farm, until he was 25 years of age, when he removed to Washington Co., Penn.; he came to this county about 1815, and entered a quarter-section of land in the southeast part of Monroe Township; he then returned home. He was married, Oct. 1, 1818, to Lucy Applegate, second daughter of Aaron and Mary Applegate, of Allegheny Co., Penn. In the spring of 1819, he again came to this county, erected a cabin and cleared a field of 2 or 3 acres, planting it in corn and potatoes. He remained here until the 1st of July, when he returned to Pennsylvania, and, in September of the same year, removed his family to his home in Monroe Township, the county at that time in a wild and unsettled state; Abrams Baughman, Senior and Junior, Adam Wolfe and Solomon Gladden were his nearest neighbors. Mr. Crawford was a member of the Presbyterian Church on originally, as were nearly all the old Crawford family. Some difficulties arose in the church, and he withdrew his name from the church book. About this time, he obtained some of the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Believing the doctrine expounded by the founder of the New Jerusalem, he, together with a number of his neighbors, formed an organization in that doctrine. He lived a consistent member thereof the remainder of his life. He was a great reader, and had a remarkable memory. He could relate, with great accuracy, historical events of which he had read years before. He withstood the privations, hardships and dangers incident to every new country-cleared up his farm and reared a family of six children, three sons and three daughters. After cultivating his farm for twenty years, in 1840, he had an attack of palsy that made him an invalid the remainder of his life. He died Feb. 1. 1860, at the age of 78 years 9 months and 16 days. His wife, Lucy, was born in Allegheny Co., Penn., May 7, 1794; she died Jan. 4, 1870, aged 75 years 7 months and 27 days. Their children were Mary, born in 1819; A. Harvey, in 1820; Issabella, in 1822; William T., in 1825; James, in 1827, died in 1850, and Amanda, in 1837. Harvey it living in Emlenton, Venango Co., Penn.; Issabella is living in Ft. Wayne, Ind., and the other three-Mary, Amanda and William-are living in Mon roe Township. They, are all married, except William.

CRAWFORD, WILLIAM T., farmer; P. O. Perrysville; was born in Monroe Township March 16,1825; he is the second son of David and Lucy Crawford, pioneers of the township. His boyhood was spent in assisting his father on the farm and in attending the district school in the winter season when his services were not required on the farm here he had attained his majority, his father became disabled, when the whole management of the farm devolved upon him; at the death of his parents, he bought the interest of two of his sisters and became the owner of two-thirds of the homestead, where he still continues to reside. He was a private in Co. B, 163d O. N. G.; went into camp at Mansfield May 2, 1864, and served with credit four months and twelve days, when he was honorably discharged, having served a month more than his term of enlistment. Mr. Crawford is passionately fond of music, and in his younger days was one of the leading singers of his neighborhood. He has been a member of Perrysville Division, No. 588, Sons of Temperance, about twenty yeas; has been a member of the Lutheran Church about fourteen years.

CULLER, GEORGE, farmer; P. O. Lucas; was born in Frederick Co., Md., Jan. 31, 1810; his father's name was Jacob Culler; his mother's maiden name was Barbary Long; they were both of German descent; they came to Richland Co. in the fall of 1825, and purchased the farm now owned by the heirs of Andrew

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Culler, deceased; they continued to reside on this farm, cultivating and improving it, as long they lived ; they were the parents of eleven children, eight sons and three daughters-Michael L., Margaret, Sarah, Elenora, John, George, Jacob S., Isaac, Christopher, Andrew and Philip H., of whom George, Isaac, Philip H., Margaret and Sarah are living. They were very active and consistent members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church for more than fifty years, and were ever liberal in, their contributions for the building of churches, the support of the Gospel and other religious and benevolent enterprises; they trained their large family of children to habits of industry, economy and strict integrity, all of whom subsequently became use ful members of society and of the church. Mr. Culler died Aug. 2, 1843, aged 70 years 2 months and 8 days; Mrs. Culler died Sept. 9, 1856, aged 79 years 3 months and 14 days; they were both buried at Mount Zion. George Culler remained with his father, assisting him on the farm and occasionally working out at the carpenter trade, till May, 1836, when he was married to Miss Elizabeth Ernsbarger; in about a year after his marriage, he became the owner of the farm on which he now resides, which was, at that time, in a wild and uncultivated state ; but, by the persevering industry of Mr. Culler, the dense forest was soon transformed into fruitful fields. In his first marriage, Mr. Culler had three children; two sons-Melaucthon, Enoch H. and John J.; Enoch died when about 3 years old ; John J. died while in the service of his country, at St. Louis, Mo., and was buried in Christ Cemetery, in that place. His first wife was an active and consistent member of the Lutheran Church for about ten years ; she died Nov. 18, 1848, aged 25 years 10 months and 8 days, and was buried at Mount Zion. Mr. Culler married for his second wife Miss Elizabeth M. Wiles, eldest daughter of John and Catharine Wiles; she was born Nov. 6, 1827 in Frederick Co., Md.

DARLING, WILLIAM, SR. (deceased), was born in Hardy. Co., Va., Oct. 6, 1789; his father's name was Robert Darling, and his mother's name, Mary Passence ; his parents removed with their family, to Muskingum Co., Ohio, A. D. 1806; this part of the State was at that time in a wild and uncultivated condition ; William Darling remained with his father, assisting him in clearing and otherwise improving and cultivating his farm, until the breaking-out, of the war of 1812, when he responded to his country's call, and served her with credit during the term of his enlistment. He came to Richland Co. in the spring of 1817, and purchased the quarter-section of land on which the "block-house" stood, in the fertile valley of the Clearfork, about one and one-half miles northeast of Newville, and near the site of the Indian village called "Helltown." Shortly after his arrival in the county, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ravenscraft, a young lady of his neighborhood : Miss Ravenscraft was possessed of a strong constitution and iron nerve, which rendered her a fit companion for the energetic and hardy pioneer to whom she was united in marriage, and which also enabled her to endure the toils. hardships and privations incident to those early days Mr. Darling was one of the most energetic and enterprising men of his day; when unemployed, be was like a fish out of water; he spent his time in cultivating and improving his farm, until the accident befell him which is hereinafter described, which disqualified him for hard manual labor; after meeting with this accident, he turned his attention to the feeding, breeding and driving to the Eastern markets of fine cattle and other live stock ; he introduced some excellent breeds of cattle into this part of the State, among which was the short-horned Durham, which he first introduced into this county. By hard labor, fine financiering and close application to business on the part of both himself and wife, Mr. Darling was enabled, in the course of time, to amass a very considerable amount of this world's goods; he was a very extensive land-owner; he acquired, by purchase, 1,185 acres of land-in one body, in the rich and alluvial valley of the Clear Fork, lands that, for quality, are not surpassed by any in the county. Besides this extensive tract, he owned several other firms, in different parts of the county and State. William and Mary Darling were the parents of seven children, five eons and two daughters. named in the order of their births as follows: Elleanor, John, William, George Washington, Abraham, Catharine and Robert ; all of this large family were remembered and richly provided for in the last will and testament of their father. The following is a true copy of an appendix to the will of William Darling. Sr. (deceased) :

"Having been one of the pioneers of this part of Ohio the maker of this will, having emigrated from Hardy Co., Va., in the year 1806, in company with his father and family, to Muskingum Co., Ohio, and endured all the hardships, trials and privations incident to the settling and improving of a new country, I do give and bequeath my love, respect and good will to all my old associates, and hope that, by the intelligence, energy and untiring industry of growing posterity, the prosperity of my beloved country may continue to in crease as surely and rapidly as though we old pioneers were still here to look after our country's welfare ; for next to my love for my God and my family, is my love for my country-these blessed United States. May prosperity and peace ever be the lot of our happy, happy land."

The maker of this will settled on the farm where he now resides in the year 1817, and, seven years afterward, had the misfortune of having his right leg crushed by the falling of a log upon it., and was obliged to suffer amputation of the injured member. He then turned his attention to the handling of cattle, by which together with his untiring devotion to business his strict integrity and honesty, he became wealthy, and was beloved and respected by all who knew him.

DARLING, JOHN, farmer; P.O. Perrysville. He was born in Washington Township Aug. 14, 1819; he was the eldest son of William and Mary Darling. As will be seen by the biography of his father, he came to Richland Co. in an early period of its history ; John being the eldest son, was inured from infancy to all the privations of pioneer life ; his father was an extensive land-owner, stock breeder and dealer, so that he had plenty of work for his sons to perform the burden of this work fell on the shoulders of John; he was obliged to work entirely too hard for his own good ; his father

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was a man of great energy; always on the alert himself, he would not tolerate anything like idleness or inactivity on the part of his sons. As soon as John was old enough to handle a hoe or feed stock, he was put to work by his father, and from that day till the day of his marriage, he was obliged to toil from day to day, but little time being allotted him for literary pursuits or for purposes of recreation. He was married Jan. 16, 1851, to Miss Mary Jane Rea. the only surviving child of William and Eliza Rea; the marriage was performed by Rev. Richard Gaily, a minister of the United Presbyterian Church; Jobn Darling's father gave him the southeast quarter of Sec. 36 in Monroe township; Mr. Darling moved on this farm shortly after his marriage ; it was then very much, out of repair; the buildings were old and dilapidated, and the fences very much in want of repair; Mr. Darling's labors, therefore, did not cease with his marriage, or with his becoming the owner of a farm; here a new field of labor opened up before him; he went to work in earnest to cultivate and improve his farm, and the work of improvement has steadily advanced to this day; he now has one of the most productive and best cultivated farms in this section of the country ; the old tumble-down buildings have given place to a splendid dwelling and large and commodious barn; his fences are in good repair, and everything about the premises bespeaks for its owner the title of a first-class farmer. John and Mary Darling are the parents of the following children: Mary Elizabeth, born March 13, 1852; William Washington, born Feb. 2, 1855; Irena Jane, born Oct. 13, 1857 ; Florella May, born June 4, 1859 ; Alfred W., born Oct. 2, 1863: Harman Lewis, born May 10, 1868 ; Emma J., born Oct. 23, 1870. Mary E. was married to Charles Culler, June 28, 1873 ; William W. was married to Mary E. Heck, second daughter of J. B. and Artemissa Heck, of Newville ; Irena Jane died April 2, 1858; Florella, in May, 1860; both buried in St. Johns Cemetery. Air. and Mrs. John Darling have both been active and consistent members of the Lutheran Church for many years, and have been very liberal in their contributions for the support of the Gospel.

DARLING, GEORGE W., farmer; P. 0. Perryville. Geo. Washington Darling, third son of William and Mary Darling, was born in Worthington Township, Richland Co., Ohio, near the site of the old block-house, on the 25th day of December, 1822, just three days after his father's leg was amputated. As soon as he was old enough to handle a hoe or ride a horse, his father set him to work His father was a man who never tolerated idleness, or had any sympathy for a lazy person; his word was law, and, when he commanded, he expected to be obeyed. His father being an extensive landowner and farmer, as well as a breeder, feeder and dealer in live stock, he had plenty of work for his boys to do; so that the Darling boys of that day had but little time for idleness or play. Little George Washington trained from his boyhood to habits of industry. These same habits that attended the boy have attended the man through life. Farm labor was much harder to perform then than now. This was before the day of the reaper and mower, drill and riding plow; even thrashing machines had not then been introduced into this country. At that time, they used "Armstrong's " machines, and tramped out their grain with horses or thrashed it with flails, so that the Darling boys had to work hard at all kinds of farm work during the summer. Their father sent them to school in the winter season, but very irregularly. They always had a large herd of cattle to feed and attend to during this season of the year, and had to walk not less than a mile every morning to attend to them; and then the thrashing was all done in the winter time, and the boys had to stay out of school to ride the horses while tramping it out, so that George Washington's facilities for obtaining an education were quite limited. However, notwithstanding all these drawbacks, he succeeded, by exercising due diligence during the time allotted to him for study, in obtaining a pretty fair knowledge of the common branches. G. W. Darling was married to Miss Rebecca Jane McCullough, eldest daughter of Samuel and Nancy McCullough, of Newville, Ohio, on the 25th day of January. 1848, at her fathers residence, by Francis Johnston, Esq. They lived for two years after their marriage on a farm owned by his father in Mifflin Township, shaking with the ague nearly all the time. From there they removed to the "old homestead," where they resided two years, when they removed to the farm where they now reside, it being the northeast quarter of Sec. 36, in Monroe Township. Mr. and Mrs. Darling are the parents of three children two sons and one daughter-Robert Benton, born , 1850, married to Miss Amelia Parkison, youngest daughter of James Parkison, formerly of Worthington Township, on the 15th day of April, 1875, by John H. Jones, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Plymouth, Ohio; Samuel Franklin, born Nov. 28, 1852, married to Miss Mary Leiter, daughter of Lewis and Rachel Leiter, by Rev. T. F. Dornblazer, Pastor of the Lutheran Church at Lucas, Ohio, on the 18th day of May, 1873; Clara Artamissa, born Oct. 15, 1858, married to Harrod Judson, of De Kalb Co., Ind., by Rev. C. S. Ernsbarger, of the Lutheran Church, on the 15th day of January, 1878. Mr. Darling is the owner of an excellent farm ; it is well improved and well cultivated; his buildings and fences are all in good repair, and everything is in tiptop order about his farm. Mr. Darling united with the M. E. Church at Newville in 1851, and remained a member of that church till 1853, when he united with the Lutheran Church at St. Johns. Mrs. Darling also joined the M. E. Church at Newville when quite young. She united with the Lutheran Church at the same time her husband did. They have been very active and zealous members of the church ever since they united therewith; they have contributed largely of their means for the building of churches and the support of the Gospel, and have the confidence and esteem of all who know them.

DARLING, ABRAHAM, farmer; P. O. Perryville; he was born in Worthington Township May 31, 1824; he is the fourth son of William and Mary Darling; from early youth, he was inured to labor and toil; he never owned a pair of boots till he was 18 years old ; he frequently had to go barefooted till quite late in the fall, because it was impossible to get them made sooner, on account of the shoemaker's being so thronged during this season of the year. In the winter season, he and his brothers had to wade through snow to the depth of

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their knees, to feed the stock. Mr. Darling never owned a fine suit of clothes till he got his wedding suit. His clothing was of home manufacture. His first recollection of attending church was when he was about 15 years old, at which time he went to hear Rev. William Hughes, of Perryville. His first teacher was Thomas Andrews. This school was taught in a log cabin, in Subdistrict No. l, of Worthington Township. He was mar ried to Miss Rebecca A. Manchester, youngest daughter of Peter and Rebecca Manchester, of Holmes Co., Ohio, Jan. 9, 1851. The ceremony was performed by Francis Johnston, Esq., of Monroe Township. Soon after their marriage, they removed to the farm where they now reside. This is one of the best farms in the township, and probably as good as any in the county. The first dwelling he built thereon was a few years ago, entirely destroyed by fire, together with all its contents. Mr. Darling had his home and its contents insured in the Ohio Farmer, in the rum of $3,300, which amount was promptly paid by this company. He now has one of the most magnificent farmhouses in the township, and it is probably excelled by few in the county. Mr. std Mrs. Darling are the parents of seven children, four sons and three daughters; Mary Francis, the eldest, was born Dec. 14, 1851- married to Thomas Beavers, eon of Hezekiah and Isabella Beavers, by Rev. T. F. Dornblazer, June 6, 1871. At the time of their marriage, Mr. Beavers was a druggist; he is now a dealer in live stock. William Allen, eldest son of Abraham and Rebecca A. Darling, born June 17, 1853, was married to Miss Lucetta A., eldest daughter of Emanuel and Margaret McMillen, of Ashland Co., Aug. 8, 1878. The ceremony was performed by Rev. H. L. Wiles, then of Lucas, now Wooster, Ohio. Luther Emmerson, their second son, was born March 31, 1857; is now engaged in teaching. Marion Malancthon was born Sept. 15, 1859; he is now attending an academy at Smithville. Arena May, their second daughter, was born May 1, 1862; she died in infancy. Emerilla E., their youngest daughter, was born Nov. 16, 1864, and also died in infancy. Walter Augustus, youngest of the family, was born Nov. 24, 1865. Abraham Darling and wife united with the Evangelical Lutheran Church at St. Johns about the year 1854, and during the ministry of Rev, W. A. G. Emmerson. Mrs. Darling formerly belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church, having joined that branch of the church when she was about 14 years old.

DARLING, SAMUEL F., farmer; P. O. Lucas; he was born in Monroe Township Nov. 28, 1852; he is the second son of George W. and Rebecca J. Darling; he was raised on a farm; he was pretty thoroughly educated in the common English branches; he remained with his father, assisting him in his farm work, till March 18, 1874, when he was married to Miss Mary, daughter of Lewis and Mary Leiter, of his native township, March 18, 1856. Feb. 14,1878, Mr. D. became the owner of a farm containing 60 acres, being a part of the southeast quarter of Sec. 16, in Monroe Township, on which he still continues to reside; his farm is well improved; his buildings and fences are in good repair; Mr. Darling understands his business; the fertility of the soil is kept up, and he rarely fails to raise good crops. Mr. and Mrs. Darling are the parents of three children-Kitty, born April 20, 1875; Linnie, May 20, 1877, and Mary, Nov. 29, 1879. In their dispositions this couple are kind, social and friendly, and have justly merited and won the confidence and esteem of all who have become acquainted with them.

DOUGLASS, JOHN J. farmer; P. O. Lucas; he was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., Dec.. 22, 1821. His father's name was Samuel Douglass, and his mother's maiden name, McCurdy. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. His father removed with his family to Worthington Township, Richland Co., in November, 1829: they continued to reside in Worthington till March 1, 1831, when they removed to Monroe Township, where the elder Mr. Douglass purchased the southwest quarter of Sec. 28, on which he settled with his family. Samuel Douglass was a very energetic and. industrious man. John J., being the only son, was not permitted to remain idle. He was naturally gifted with more than ordinary intelligence, which he strove to cultivate and improve by all the means within his reach. He was possessed with indomitable energy and decision. He qualified himself for a school teacher, which profession he followed, while a young man, during the winter season for a number of years with good success. He was married to Sophah Schrack. daughter of David and Elizabeth Schrack, Jan. 1, 1850. He removed his wife to the "old homestead," which he had then become the owner of, where they still continue to reside. Mr. Douglass was in the employ of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad Company for about ten years. He was Auditor of Richland Co. four years. He is the owner of a very good farm ; he has it under a very good state of cultivation. Mr. Douglass has been a very active member of Monroe Lodge; No. 224, I. O. O. F., for many years. He is also a member of the Encampment. Some years ago, he united with the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Pleasant Valley. He is the father of three children, two sons and one daughter. His sons are both well educated. The eldest has charge of the graded school at Shiloh, and the youngest of the graded school at Lucas. His daughter is married to Samuel J. Hazlet, a teacher and farmer of Worthington Township.

EVERTS, LEVI, school-teacher; P. O. Hastings; he was born on a farm, one mile north of Bellville, in this county, Jan. 4, 1844; his father's name is Reuben Everts, and his mother's maiden name was Rebecca Howard; he is a twin brother of Eli Everts, of Ft. Wayne, Ind.; there is an incident connected with their birth which is of very rare occurrence; they were not born the same hour, the same day, the same week, the same month or the same year, yet there is but about thirty minutes difference in their ages. Levi Everts was a soldier in the late war; he enlisted in Co. E, 102d O. V. I. July 21, 1862; his company was commanded by Capt. A. W. Loback; he served during the war, and was honorably discharged July 7, 1865. He was married, Dec. 2, 1874, to Miss Ellie, daughter of George and Eliza Ridenour; her mother's maiden name was Mowry; her mother died when she was quite young; she died in Indiana; Ellie was brought back to Richland Co., Ohio, and adopted by her uncle, Jacob Ridenour, of Washington Township, where she continued to reside until her marriage. Levi and Ellie Everts are the parents of three sons-Robert William,

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born July 25, 1875: Edgar Lloyd, March 21, 1877, and Orlan Ambreg, June 21, 1879. Mr. Everts is a teacher and farmer by occupation; he has taught eighty-four months of school; twenty mouths of this time he taught in Bellville: he taught eight months in Williams and Fulton Cos.; the remainder of the time he taught in Richland Co.; as a teacher, he has met with very good success.

FERGUSESON, JOHN, farmer; P. O., Newville. John Fergueson was born in the State of Pennsylvania, in Cumberland Co., in 1807 or 1808 ; his father, William Fergueson, was a farmer, to which occupation his son John was placed as soon as he was large enough. William Fergueson was married to Jane Wilson ; they became the parents of nine children ; in the year 1815, he removed with his family to Worthington township, where he entered a large tract of land, one-half mile north of Newville; he devoted the remainder of his life to tile clearing and improvement of his land; he, his wife and his wife's father all died here and were buried in the Schrack Graveyard. John Fergueson was married to Asenath Morrell; she became the mother of three daughters and six sons; Lavina, Myra, William, Isaac and Irvin are now living; George Hiram, Leonard and Jemima are dead. Mr. John Fergueson owns tike old homestead of 220 acres, which he has improved; his son Isaac does the farming principally, although he is a remarkably well-preserved man, considering his age; his wife died Nov, 4, 1976, at tile age of 67; two of his daughters remain with him, and their care and attention, coupled with the considerate and respectful attention of his sons, tend to make the declining years of his life more pleasant.

GLADDEN, SOLOMON (deceased). Solomon Gladden was born in Washington Co., Penn., A. D. 1792 ; when he was 4 years old, his parents removed to Jefferson Co., Ohio: they settled ten miles west of Steubenville. But little can be gathered concerning his boyhood. He served his country in the war of 1812; he enlisted as private in Capt. Aban's company of Ohio Militia, and was advanced to the position of Ensign. His company was ordered to rendezvous at Cleveland, where they met other companies and were organized and equipped for service. Their camp was near where the Union Depot now stands; Cleveland at that early day was a small village, composed of a few scattered and inferior houses. One month was spent, here in making the necessary arrangements. The troops were then ordered on board sail vessels, and sailed to Detroit; they spent some time at Fort Gratiot ; they were then ordered to march by land to Lake Superior. During this march an incident occurred that may be worthy of note: Mr. Gladden showed symptoms of an attack of the measles. Having a stream to cross, a sturdy Dutchman belonging to the company proposed that, in consideration of a joint of whisky, he would carry Ensign Gladden across the stream. The proposition being accepted, the Ensign got aboard the Dutchman, and the unwieldy craft started for the opposite shore; when near the middle of the stream, the Dutchman capsized, plunging his precious cargo headlong into the chilling flood. The Ensign no doubt thought his time had come: that a cold bath at this stage of his disease must necessarily prove total. He got to the shore as best he could; the army soon went into camp; the boys built a rousing fire; the Ensign drank a half-lint of whisky, which, at that day, was considered an infallible remedy for nearly all the diseases that flesh is heir to ; he then wrapped himself in his blanket and laid down on a bed of pine boughs. In a few hours the measles broke out hopefully, and by the time the forces were ready to resume the march, he was ready for duty. At Fort Sarnia they went on board of transports, destined for Mackinaw Islands. Their intentions were to drive the British and Indians from their strongholds in this quarter. Their regiment was commanded by Col. Crogan, a brave and gallant officer. They engaged the enemy on the l0th of August, 1815; during this engagement Capt. Aban was disabled, and the command of the company devolved upon Ensign Gladden. He was but a boy at this time, yet his comrades have asserted that he displayed great skill and bravery in the management of his company. During the engagement, the infantry was ordered to lie down, while the artillery played on the stone wall, behind which the enemy was intrenched. All obeyed except Ensign Gladden, who continued erect marching back and forth in front of his men, speaking words of cheer and encouragement. While thus engaged, he discovered one of the boys busily engaged in delving in the earth. Upon being asked what he was doing, "py sure," says he, "I'm only getting a few bedaties for tiners." Another poor fellow was crying, "Oh, Lord," at every boom of the enemy's guns. The Ensign told him to stop his bellowing or hie would thrust his sword through him. This effectually silenced the timid soldiers. Ensign Gladden remained with his company fearlessly discharging all the duties assigned to him, till the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged from the service, and returned to his home and friends. In after years, he loved to recount to his listening children and grandchildren, the incidents and adventures he witnessed during his military career.

In the spring of 1818, he carne to this county and entered the northeast quarter of Sec. 23, in Monroe Township; he subsequently bought the southeast quarter of the same section from his brother William, who had inherited it from their father. When he came to the county, the nearest mill was at Fredericktown; he was compelled to wend his way through the woods to get his grinding done, there being no roads at that early day; the nearest point where salt could be obtained was Zanesville. Gladden's neighbors, on one occasion, proposed to work his corn during his absence, if he would take his ox team and drive to Zanesville for salt. His route lay through the woods, the most of the way: it took him about two weeks to snake the round trip.

Solomon Gladden was married, A. D. 1816, to Miss Mary Harlin; she and their infant son died A. D. 1818, and were buried at Perryville, in this county, at which time there were but few graves in this now densely populated city of the dead. On the 6th of June, 1820. Mr. Gladden was united in marriage to Miss Rachel Young; the ceremony was performed by Jonathan Coulter, of Perryville; by this marriage he had nine children, five sons and four daughters, viz.: Joseph, Rasselas Young, Esther H., Ursula, Madison A., Lovezila L., Mary J., Lovezenski and William F. Lovezenski died. at the age of 17 years, of typhoid fever; Madison

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A. died of heart-disease, April 30, 1875, in the 46th year of his age; they were both buried at Perryville. Charles Young, father of Mrs. Rachel Gladden, emigrated to Harrison Co. in 1810, and thence to Richland Co. in 1814, and entered land in Mifflin Township, near where Yamen's mill now stands. Mr. Young was of English origin; Mr. Gladden was of Scotch-Irish descent. He, in common with all the pioneers of this county, passed through many dangers, endured many hardships, tails and privations, and surmounted many difficulties. The red men had not as yet entirely forsaken this favorite hunting-grounds and burial-place of their ancestors. On one occasion, two of their braves, Momus and Jonnycake, came to his cabin and asked for some thing to eat. After partaking of a hearty repast, they went on their way rejoicing. Mr. Gladden asked one of his little boys, a lad about 3 years old, how he liked the looks of those men: " I don't know, they had leather on their faces, so that I could not see them," was the innocent reply. Abraham Baughman, a neighbor of Mr. Gladden, bought a calf of an Indian on one occasion. The next spring, the Indian came to Baughman's, saw that the calf had grown and improved, and remarked, " Say, Baughman, calf grooved much ; want more money." Baughman thought it was best to gratify the Indian, and did so. The next spring, the Indian again returned, making use of the same language. Baughman again yielded, but to prevent a like repetition the following year, be fatted the calf and killed it. That singular and eccentric being familiarly known as Johnny Appleseed, but whose real name was John Chapman, very frequently called at the cabin of Mr. Gladden. He spent many nights under his roof. He would never accept of a bed, however, though many times urged to do so. He said the floor was good enough for him. He came to their cabin on one occasion. and found Mrs. Gladden assorting bee-bread from the honey. He asked her if she had any buttermilk in the house, she replied that she had, and, at his request, she tilled a coffee-pot with it and gave it to him. He then asked her if he might have some of the bee-bread to eat with it. "Oh, no," said she, "not that; I will get you some wheat-bread." " No thank you," says Johnny, " I would rather have this," and he actually ate a hearty meal of bee-bread and buttermilk. In those early times domestic animals, such as cattle, hogs and sheep, were very scarce, whilst wild animals were numerous ; so that the pioneer farmer had to depend upon his rifle for his supply of meat. Many were the trials, dangers and difficulties attending this manner of obtaining food ; for, on one occasion, Mr. Gladden, being in need of meat, mounted his horse and started out in quest of a deer. He had not proceeded but a short distance from his cabin, when he saw a fine large buck. He drew up his gun and fired, when the deer started off at a rapid rate through the dense forest. Mr. G. struck the trail and knew from the flow of blood that the deer was severely wounded. He urged on his steed as fast am the nature of the route would permit, hoping to keep the animal in view, knowing that the blood would cease to flow before the deer would fall, and that it most probably would bide, so that he would not be able to discover and obtain another and more exact fire. In his hurry, he laid his rifle across his horse in front of him. The horse made a sudden turn and ran between two saplings breaking his rifle and rendering it entirely useless for the time being. Owing to this accident, he lost his deer, and, for the want of a gun, he passed many a hungry day. He had to go to Wooster, twenty-five miles distant, to get his gun repaired.

Mr. Gladden had a military spirit within him; the sound of the fife and drum sounded more pleasantly to his ears than the sound of the piano, harp or organ would have done. He loved the tented field and the study of military tactics ; he therefore raised a rifle company, composed of the hardy sons of the forest; he was elected Captain of this company, and served in this capacity for many years. When the threatened trouble between Ohio and Michigan called for action, he was elected Colonel of a rifle regiment belonging to this county. Volunteers were called for, and the call was responded to by many of the hardy sons of toil. The regiment was ready to move at short notice, but, happily for all concerned, Congress adjusted the matter in dispute amicably and without the shedding of fraternal blood.

Mr. Gladden served as Justice of the Peace for fifteen years in succession; he served as Commissioner of this county six years; he also served in the General Assembly of the State of Ohio one year. A few instances may here be stated to illustrate the rude and uncultivated state of society at that early day : One fine day in June, the Esquire was called upon to marry a couple of young Dutch folks. He met them at the appointed time and place, and proceeded to tie the knot. He asked them to arise, which feat they accomplished without much difficulty; but when told to join their right hands, the groom, with his left hand, grasped the bride by her right. Again they tried to obey orders, but succeeded no better. The third attempt resulted in their joining their left hands. The magistrate, seeing that further attempts would be fruitless, proceeded with the ceremony, varying it to suit the occasion. After the ceremony had been performed, the Justice sought the kitchen fire to light his pipe. Here lie met a lady guest, who laughingly remarked,: "Squire, did you notice that the darned Dutch fools were married left-handed?" On a similar occasion, the wine having flowed so freely that many of the guests were in high spirits, a bachelor guest, who had indulged pretty freely, undertook to carve the turkey. He accomplished the feat in the following scientific manner: Grabbing the fowl by its legs, he tore off one of these members, and, throwing it on the bride's plate, remarked, " There, Sal, that is for you." Then, tearing off the other leg, he threw it on the groom's plate, with the expression, "There, Bill, take that." So much for the etiquette of early times. In those early times, wild cats were numerous and troublesome, and bears would frequently make a raid on the sheep-folds and pig-pens of the settlers. On one occasion, Mrs. Isaac Applegate was returning from a visit at the cabin of the Gladdens, when she saw a huge bear walking leisurely along in front of her with a pig in its mouth. She hastened home and told her husband what she had seen. Mr. Applegate was not long in arousing a few of his nearest neighbors; David Crawford, Joseph Applegate, Solomon Gladden, Hugh and

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Samuel Reel were soon in pursuit of the black monster. Bruin was soon overtaken by his pursuers, but, night having set in, lie had the advantage of them in the darkness. When closely pursued, lie would climb a tree, but before the men could kindle a fire, to enable them to see to shoot him, he would quietly slide down and be off again. After pursuing this course nearly all night.

Mr. Gladden finally shot and killed the animal. Mr. Gladden never turned a human being away hungry from his door; he never refused a night's lodging to any one when it was possible for him to accommodate the applicant. He departed this life Jan. 29, 1873, aged 81 years; he was buried at Perryville. His widow is living at this date; she is in her 80th year; she is remarkably bright and intelligent for a woman of her years; she is much respected for her many virtues.

GIFFIN, THOMAS, farmer; P. O. Perryville. Elliot Giffin, father of Thomas Giffin, was born in Cumberland Co., Penn., near the town of Carlisle, on the 10th day of January, 1805; he was a farmer by occupation. He was married to Miss Ann Ellen Noble, daughter of Francis and Margaret Noble, of his native county, in October, 1833, by whom he had five children, four sons and one daughter-Margaret E., born Sept. 9, 1835, died Jan. 28, 1837, and was buried at Miamisburg, Miami Co.. Ohio; Francis, born April 28, 1838, died Aug. 4, 1838; Fletcher E., born Jan. 25, 1840, married to Miss Kate Wheeler, eldest daughter of Eli and Louisa Wheeler, of Newville, Ohio ; Thomas, born as hereinafter stated in his own biography, and Albert, born in Monroe Township, died in infancy. Elliot Giffin came to Ohio about A. D. 1836; he resided in Miami Co. about six years ; he removed thence to near Rowsburg, Ohio ; about the year 1842, he removed to Richland Co. and settled on the eastern part of Monroe Township ; he lived on rented farms till 1851, when he purchased 80 acres in the southeastern part of the township; he subsequently purchased 80 acres about a mile further north, in the same township ; he continued to reside on the farm he first bought, cultivating acid improving it, till the day of his death, Dec. 19, 1869, respected by all who knew him. Mrs. Giffin was well educated and highly accomplished for a woman of her day; a sample of her needlework, which she performed when about 13 years old, is a model of beauty and excellence; she was of a kind, gentle and obliging disposition, and a loving mother; she died Jan. 11, 1870; she is buried in the St. Johns Cemetery, and her husband is buried by her side. Thos. Giffin, second son of Elliot and Ann E. Giffin, was born near Rowsburg, Ashland Co., Ohio, on the 15th day of July, 1842. He was married to Miss Hannah, fourth daughter of Sarah and Mary Allenbaugh, of Ashland Co., on the 9th day of October, 1873, by Rev. Smith, Pastor of the Lutheran Church at Mansfield; after their marriage, they settled on the old homestead, where they still reside ; their farm is a very good one, a little rough but quite fertile; it is well adapted both to the raising of stock and grain; it is well watered, well timbered, well improved, and in a good state of cultivation. Thomas Giffin is possessed of considerable inventive and mechanical genius; he has invented some machinery, and, had he turned his attention to the mechanical arts early in life, he doubtless would have "made his mark" in the world as a mechanic and inventor. Mr. and Mrs. Giffin are the parents of two children, a son and a daughter-Anna May, born Aug. 1, 1876; Ira Calvin, Jan. 3, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Giffin are much esteemed in the neighborhood where they reside.

HARTER, NANCY, widow; P. O. Newville. The subject of this biography was born in Ohio Co., V a., September, A. D. 1806; she was the third daughter of Naaman and Jane Billings; her mother's maiden name was Roberts. Mr. and Mrs. Billings were the parents of thirteen children, five sons and eight daughters; the sons were Solomon, Daniel, William. Ephraim and Connell; the daughters were Artimissa, Rebecca, Nancy, Ruth, Jane, Dicy, Caroline and Amanda. Mr. Billings emigrated to Richland Co. in the fall of 1823 ; he settled on the James Hedges' farm, near the present site of the paper-mill, in the city of Mansfield. Nancy Billings was married to Samuel McCollough in April, 1828 ; he was a tailor by occupation; they lived in Mansfield for about one year after their marriage, when they removed to Newville, in Worthington Township, where they continued to reside as long as Mr. MoCollough lived, he was of a kind, social and friendly disposition; he relished a good joke or a hearty laugh; he had many friends, and but few, if any, enemies; he died of typhoid fever in November, 1851, and was buried in the Newville graveyard. Samuel and Nancy McCollough were the parents of three children, one son and two daughters; the son was born June 10, 1830, was christened John Naaman, died July 10, 1830; Rebecca, the eldest daughter was born Jan. 25, 1829, married George W. Darling in December, 1847; Artimissa was born in August, 1831, married James Long July 18, 1861. On the 15th of June, 1858, Mrs. McCollough was married to William Harter, of Monroe Township. Mr. Harter came to Richland Co. in 1831, and purchased the southeast quarter of Sec. 32, in Monroe Township, which he cleared, cultivated and improved, and on which he continued to reside till the day of his death, which occurred Dec. 19, 1878. He was an honest, industrious man and an earnest Christian. At his death, he was possessed of considerable property, all of which he acquired by persevering industry and strict economy; Mr. Harter was of German descent. He was an active and consistent member of the Lutheran Church from his boyhood; his remains are interred in the St. Johns Cemetery. Mrs. Harter united with the Methodist Episcopal Church A. D. 1827, and has been an active and zealous member of that branch of the church ever since; as far as her means would permit, she has been very liberal in her contributions for the support of the Gospel and other Christian and benevolent enterprises.

HENRY, SAMUEL. farmer; P.O. Lucas. Samuel Henry, fourth son of Joseph and Margaret Henry, was born in Belmont Co., Ohio, five miles north of St. Clairsville, May 22, 1820; his mother's maiden name was Zediker; his father was of French and his mother of German descent; his parents were both born in Washington Co., Penn.. and removed to Belmont. Co., Ohio, about the year 1811 ; they raised a family of nine

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children, five sons and four daughters; they are named in the order of their births, as follows : Robert, David L., Jonathan, Mary Ann, Samuel, Catharine Jane, Margaret, Nicholas and Elizabeth ; three of them-Robert, Jonathan and Margaret-are dead. Samuel, Mary Ann, Catharine Jane and Elizabeth reside in Monroe Township. Nicholas resides in Mifflin Township, and David lives in Hardin Co., near Kenton. Joseph and Margaret Henry removed from Belmont to Richland Co., Ohio, in the spring of 1836, and purchased and settled upon a portion of Sec. 17, in Monroe Township, where they continued to reside as long as they lived. Joseph Henry died Aug 9, 1845; his wife died in February, 1863 ; they are both buried in Mt. Zion Cemetery in this township. They were both members of the Seceder Church for many years during their sojourn in Belmont Co. After their removal to this county, there being no church of their choice in their neighborhood, they never again united with any branch of the church. Samuel Henry was married to Rachel Marlow Feb 21, 1843 ; she was a daughter of James and Mary Marlow, of Springfield Township, in this county ; by this marriage he had five children, four of whom are yet living ; they are named as follows: Mary Jane, Margaret Issabella; James Alexander, Norman Nicholas and Samuel Marlow. Mary Jane has been twice married ; David Smith was the name of her first husband; he dying, she was recently married to Newton Hersh. Margaret Issabella married Emerick Bell ; James Alexander, Ann Chew, and Samuel M., Mary Collins. Norman N. was accidentally drowned May 7, 1853, by falling head foremost into a post-hole ; he was buried at Mt. Zion. Samuel Henry's first wife died March 12, 1854 ; she was buried in the Mt. Zion Cemetery. Mr. Henry was married to Miss Margaret Jane Major, of Belmont Co., Ohio, March 5, 1855; by this marriage he bad two children, both daughters; the youngest died in infancy; the eldest, Mary Elizabeth, is attending the Haysville Seminary. The second wife of Mr. Henry departed this life July 27, 1857, and lies buried by the side of his first wife. Mr. Henry selected for his third companion Miss Mariah Chancey ; they were united in marriage June 29, 1859; by this third wife he has become the father of three children, all sons, named Francis Lincoln, Jonathan Lorenzo and Ulysses Sherman. The first farm Samuel Henry owned is the south half of the southeast quarter of Sec. 17, in Monroe Township; he became the owner of this farm in 1843; he continued to reside thereon till the spring of 1863, when he sold it and purchased 120 acres of land in Sec. 21 of this township. He still continues to reside on this farm; since he became the owner thereof, he has made some valuable improvements thereon. In 1863, he built a large and commodious barn, and, in 1868, neat and comfortable dwelling. His farm is quite fertile, and he endeavors to keep it so. It is well adapted to the raising of all kinds of grain, and its owner seldom fails to have good crops when any of his neighbors have. Mr. Henry's last wife is a daughter of William and Mary Chancey, We of Springfield; he mothers. maiden name was Gordon ; her father attained to the advanced age of 93 years ; her mother was 70 years old when she died; her father was buried a New Alexandria, Jefferson Co., Ohio, and her mother in the Fairview graveyard, Troy Township, in this county. Mr. Henry's facilities for obtaining an education, when a boy, were quite limited; but, being possessed of a taste for useful reading and a very retentive memory, be has succeeded in storing his mind with a vast amount of useful knowledge. Mr. Henry and wife are active members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Lucas. In their dispositions they are kind, social and friendly, ever ready to bestow a kindness upon a neighbor, or to lend a helping hand in cases of sickness or genuine distress.

HERZOG, JOHN, stonemason. Newville. He was born in Sutzfeldt, Baden, Germany, May 19, 1827; his father's name was Christian Herzog, and his mother's maiden name Christiana Leaman; he was obliged to attend school from the time he was 6 years old till he was nearly 15; at the age of 15, he was apprenticed to a stonemason to learn that trade; he served an apprenticeship of three years; he has followed this business from that day to the present. In 1828, there was a revolt or insurrection in the State of Baden, brought about or occasioned by the nobility undertaking to infringe upon the rights of the common people. Young Herzog joined the insurgents, and participated in several battles that ensued. Emperor William was compelled send an army to quell the rebellion. The insurgents were defeated, and young Herzog, acting upon the maxim that "discretion is the better part of valor," made his escape to free America. He was in his 23d year when he landed in the United States; he worked about eighteen months at his trade in the State of New York; he then spent some time in traveling, visiting some of the principal cities in this country; he came to Richland Co. in 1853: he worked for some considerable length of time for the P., F. W. & C. R. R. Co., building the stone work for the bridges in this county. He was married to Miss Maria Smith, of Lucas, Dec. 4, 1856; Miss Smith was born Jan. 23, 1837; her father's name was Peter Smith ; her mother's maiden name Catharine Stofie ; her parents were Hessians by birth; they emigrated from Germany to this country about 1832 ; they are both dead, and buried in the Catholic cemetery at Sand Ridge, in Hanover Township, Ashland Co.; she is one of a large family of children, all of whom are dead save herself and a brother named Henry ; she had a brother named Peter, who was killed in battle, while serving his country in the war of the rebellion. In the year 1866, Air. Herzog purchased a farm, consisting of 80 acres of land, in the northeastern part of Monroe Township, being the farm formerly owned by an old pioneer named Jacob Williams; he made a very good selection in the choice of a farm; it is what farmers term a second bottom; it is highly fertile and well adapted to all kinds of farm purposes; after purchasing this farm, Mr. Herzog still continued to work at his trade when he had work to do, spending his leisure time in improving and cultivating his farm; when he was engaged in working at his trade, his wife carried on the farming, John and Maria Herzog are the parents of thirteen children, eleven of whom area living, two having died in infancy. Christian F., their eldest, was born Aug 27, 1857; Catharine C., Feb. 23, 1859; Martha J. Dec. 7, 1860; Irena M., Oct. 11, 1862; John L., Sept.

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9, 1864; Henry W., Aug. 12 , 1866, ; Mary F., June 17, 1868; Julia A., April 1, 1870: John A., Dec. 9, 1872; Simon M., Oct. 17, 1874, and Margaret E., Feb. 12, 1877. Mr. Herzog has been a member of Sturges Ledge, No. 365, I. O. O. F., for a number of years. He is an honest, upright, hard-working man ; he is a good mechanic and a kind and obliging neighbor.

HOGAN, MICHAEL, (deceased). The subject of this biography was born in County Clare, Ireland, in 1793; when 11 years old, he was sent to an academy at Enis, here he remained three years; he then entered Trinity College at Dublin, where lie graduated at the age of 17: he graduated in medicine and surgery at the same place, but, not liking the profession, and considering it a very responsible business, he never practiced. He was married, in 1817, to Ann Oakley, a lady of rare qualities of heart and mind; she possessed indomitable energy and perseverance, which rendered her a fit companion for one who chose to brave the hardships and privations of the New World; her thorough education and refined manners well fitted her to discharge all the duties which devolved upon her as a wife and mother. The estate of Michael Hogan's father being confiscated to the English crown, he saw the home of his ancestors pass into the hands of strangers; this was gall to his proud spirit, and he turned his back upon his dearly loved Erin and sought a home and fortune in the wilds cf free America; he, with his wife, landed in New York in 1818; they resided in that city five years, Mr. Hogan during that time serving as an officer in the regular army of the United States; from there they emigrated to Ohio: they settled, in the first place, in Newville, Richland Co., where Mr. Hogan engaged for a short time in the mercantile business; he was the owner and proprietor of the first store in Worthington Township; he had, however, determined on being a farmer; he, therefore, continued in the mercantile business till an opportunity presented itself for him to purchase a farm adapted to his taste; he purchased the northwest quarter of Sec. 35 in Monroe Township : he moved his family on his farm in 1827; he made a very good selection in the choice of his farm, it being one of the best firms in this region of country ; he continued to reside on this farm as long as he lived. Mr. and Mrs. Hogan were the parents of a large family of children, all daughters but one; the daughters were educated principally by their father and mother, and were trained to habits of industry, economy, morality and strict integrity. Misses Ann and Theresa are now the owners of the old homestead. Edmund Thomas, the son, was educated for the bar, and, while yet a young man, emigrated to California, where he has risen to eminence in his profession: he has been honored with a seat on the judicial bench for many years. Maj. Hogan, the subject of this sketch, retained even in old age his stately military bearing: his fondness for literary pursuits did not in the least abate with years. He was one of the best classical scholars in the country; it was a favorite pastime for him to sit and read his much-loved Greek and Latin authors ; he seemed to derive great pleasure from their perusal; it was his custom, also, to real the history of the principal nations of Europe in their own language. Mr, and Mrs. Hogan were active and consistent members of the church from their youth, though they belonged to different branches. They were noted for their hospitality, generosity and Christian charity; no mendicant was ever known to leave their door unalmsed. Mr. Hogan lost his amiable, accomplished and much-loved consort July 21, 1864. He departed this life Jan. 17, 1875 ; both father and mother, with their deceased children, are buried in the Catholic Cemetery in the city of Mansfield.

HUSTON, A. H., farmer; P.O. Hastings; he was born in this township March 7, 1831 ; his father, John Huston, was born in Bedford Co., Penn., Oct. 22, 1787 ; while he was quite young, his parents emigrated to Maryland ; here he spent his boyhood, on a farm. After he had attained his majority, he learned the milling business ; he worked in one mill nine years, during which time he did not lose a single day. When Gen. Baggs burned Washington City, he was drafted for sixty days' service. He came to Richland Co. in 1818, and entered the southeast quarter of Sec. 29, in this township; he erected a cabin and moved on this farm Nov. 29, 1820; for several years he lived alone to the woods, part of the time boarding with John Douglas, but most of the time he kept "bachelor's hall" and boarded himself. During this time, he was busy clearing away the dense forest from a portion of his farm, in order to prepare it for cultivation. In 1826, he was married to Miss Mary Hersh, by whom he has had ten children, one of whom died in infancy ; all the rest attained to the years of manhood and womanhood ; two of his sons lost their lives while engaged in the service of their country during the late war of the rebellion. Mr. Huston died Aug. 30, 1854, aged 66 years. The early life of A. H. Huston was spent with his father in clearing away the forest and tilling the ground; from his childhood, he has trained to habits of industry, economy, morality and strict integrity; he was also permitted to attend school a small portion of the time, and succeeded, by close application, in obtaining a pretty fair knowledge of the common English branches. At the age of 19, he commenced working at the carpenter trade, to which occupation he applied himself so earnestly and perseveringly that at the expiration of two years, he became quite expert at the business. About this time, at the solicitation of a young man of his neighborhood. he determined on making a trip to the State of Indiana. The parting advice of his parents on that occasion is still fresh in his memory, though many years leave elapsed since the day it was delivered: "Be honest, industrious, and keep out of bad company." With this injunction still ringing in his ears, he left the home of his childhood, and, in company with his friend. He started on foot to seek his fortune in what was then considered the " Far West." Soon after his return, Mr. Huston met with an accident by which he came very near losing his life, and from the effects of which he has not entirely recovered to this day. While assisting in raising a barn on the farm of Jacob Culler, by some mismanagement on the part of the foreman and others, a heavy beam was allowed to fall to the ground, after being raised, and Mr. Huston was caught under it; one foot was so badly injured as to partially disable him. He continued, however, to work at his trade for some years afterward, when he quit

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the trade and engaged in farming. Jan. 6, 1859, he was married to Mary Jane Mitchell. For the next seven years, farming was his chief employment, but whenever work was slack on the farm, he would devote his spare time to working at his trade. His mother died April 10, 1867 ; one of his sisters, having married some years previous, now offered to sell him her interest in the " old homestead ; " he concluded to make the purchase, and try the experiment of going in debt; by being "diligent in business" he soon re moved this indebtedness. About this time, his father-in-law made a division of his properly, by which transaction Mr. Huston became the possessor of considerable means; and, another sister desiring to sell her interest in the home farm, he bought hers also, and thus became the owner of 75 acres of land; a good part of his farm was in timber. His knowledge of carpentry was of great service to him; he laid his own plans and did the greater part of the work in the construction of his buildings. Mr. Huston is now enjoying the fruit of his labors, and is amply prepared to pass his declining years with ease and comfort; in his habits he is strictly temperate; "Moderation in all things " is his motto.

LEITER, JACOB, farmer; P. O. Lucas; was born in Washington Co., Md., June 2, 1824. His father's name was David Leiter; his mother's maiden name, Nancy Bell; they were both of German descent: they removed to Ohio in the fall of 1837, and purchased a farm containing 140 acres, off the northeast corner of Sec. 7, in Monroe Township; they subsequently purchased 85 acres adjoining this farm; he made many valuable and lasting improvements on this farm; he afterward purchased 80 acres in Sec. 8 of this township. David Leiter was married twice; by his first wife he had but one child, who is the principal subject of this biographical sketch. Mrs. Nancy Leiter died about the year 1824, and was buried near Leitersburg, Washington Co., Md., in the family graveyard on her father's farm ; she was, for many years, a zealous member of the Lutheran Church. Mr, Leiter married, for his second wife, Miss Mary Bell, of his native county; by this marriage he had twelve children, six sons and six daughters, named as follows: Louis, Susan, Barbary, Ann, Mary, Catharine, Melinda, David, John, Samuel and William; one child died in infancy; Lewis, Barbary and Mary are dead. David Leiter was a zealous Christian; he was an active member of the Lutheran Church for a great many years; he contributed largely of his means for religious and charitable purposes; he departed this life in May, 1876; he was buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery near Lucas. Jacob Leiter remained with his father, assisting him in improving and cultivating his farm, till July 2, 1848, when he was united in marriage to Miss Susan Ross, third daughter of Natcher and Sophia Ross. The first farm that Jacob Leiter owned contained 40 acres, and was a part of the southwest quarter of Sec. 16, in Monroe Township; he resided on this farm about eighteen months, when he sold it and rented of his father the farm on which Lewis Leiter's widow now resides; he remained on this farm four years ; from there he removed to Mifflin Township, where he purchased a farm consisting of 100 acres, on which he resided three years, when he sold it and purchased the farm entered by his father-in-law, Natcher Ross, where he still continues to reside ; this farm is highly fertile and productive, and well adapted to all kinds of farming purposes; it is well watered and well timbered and well improved; since it came into the possession of Mr. Leiter, he has improved the dwelling, built a large and commodious barn, as also other outbuildings; his fences are in good repair and everything in good shape on the premises. Mr. and Mrs. Leiter are the parents of nine children, three sons and six daughters, named as follows: Clara Ann, born Oct. 25, 1849; Mary Alice, Dec. 5, 1851; Sophia, May 15, 1853; Nancy Jane, Oct. 31, 1855; Natcher Ross, July 21, 1858; David Samuel, March 27, 1861; Elmer Ellsworth, Oct. 22, 1863; Mary Frances, Jan. 13, 1867, and Dora, Sept. 24, 1872; Mary Alice died June 30, 1852, and was buried at Mt. Zion. Jacob Leiter united with the Evangelical Lutheran Church when about 18 years old, and has been an active and zealous member of that branch of the Christian Church from that time to the present; his wife has been a member of the same church for many years ; they have the reputation of being very liberal in their contributions for religious and benevolent purposes; Mr. Leiter has also been an active member of Monroe Lodge, No. 224, I. O. O. F., for about eighteen years ; he has attained to the highest position in his lodge ; he is also an active member of the Burns Encampment. He and his good wife are members of Morning Star Lodge, No. 36, Daughters of Rebecca. They are much esteemed for their many virtues.

McBRIDE, ALEXANDER, farmer, was born in Hampshire Co., Va., April 11, 1798. His father's name was Thomas McBride; his mother's maiden name was Mary McVicker. His father was a native of Ireland; he emigrated to the United States about the year 1785. His mother was of Scotch-Irish descent. Thomas McBride, after his marriage, resided in Hampshire Co., Va., till the spring of 1817. In the spring of 1816, he came to Ohio, and entered the south half of Sec. 15, in Monroe Township. The spring following, he removed his family to this farm, which at that time was a dense forest. He continued to reside on this farm as long as he lived. He raised a family of seven children, five sons and two daughters; their names in the order of their births are Alexander, Agnes, John, Archibald, Duncan, Wilson and Mary; Alexander and John are the sole survivors of this family. Thomas McBride and wife were active members of the United Presbyterian Church for many years, and were much respected for their many virtues. He departed this life April 27, 1824, and was the first one buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery, near Lucas ; he died in his 54th year. His wife died May 8, 1833, and was buried beside her husband; she was 60 years old when she died. Thomas McBride's brother, Alexander, who died May 15, 1825, in his 77th year, is interred in the same cemetery. The subject of this sketch being the eldest of his father's family, the burden of hard labor fell upon his shoulders. Being brought up in the woods, he withstood the dangers, and endured all the hardships, toils and privations incident to pioneer life. He had but few facilities for acquiring knowledge, but he made good use of those

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few. He remained with his father, assisting him in improving and cultivating his farm, till the 17th of March, 1825, when he was united in marriage to Miss Ruth J., eldest daughter of Benjamin and Susannah Barnes of Washington Township. Her mother's maiden name was Jones. Her parents were both born in Maryland, and were of English descent ; they came to the county at a very early day, and settled in Washington Township, on the farm now owned by the heirs of John Ford. Shortly after his marriage, Mr. McBride purchased 50 acres of land in Sec. 7, Monroe Township, which farm he improved and cultivated, and, by dint of hard labor and rigid economy on the part of himself and wife, he was enabled to add piece by piece, until he had a farm consisting of 100 acres. He subsequently purchased 103 acres, situated in Secs. 7 and 19 of this township. Mr. and Mrs. McBride are the parents of eleven children. The names of those who survived the period of infancy are as follows: Jackson, Thomas, Benjamin Franklin, Union, Susan M., John A., James J. and Wilson S. Jackson was married to Susan Douglas, by whom he had four children, two sons and two daughters. He was a teacher and farmer by occupation. He died April 28, 1859, and was buried with the honors of Odd Fellowship, in their cemetery near Lucas. John A. died Aug. 13, 1841, and is buried in the same cemetery. Thomas is one of the most prominent lawyers in this county. Mr. McBride, in his younger days, was a man of great energy, as also a man of more than ordinary intelligence. He took a very active part in the improvements that were then being made in his township and county. He was one of the leading men of that early day. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for nine years in his township. He also held several other township offices for several terms. At that early day, Uncle Sam was not as wealthy as be subsequently became. The coffers of the Township Treasurer of Monroe were empty. Orders had accumulated in the hands of her officers, and there was no prospect of their being paid. A number of these officers (among whom was Mr. McBride) assembled at Lucas one day, to consult over this financial question. It was proposed by one of their number that John Her should load their orders in his gun and shoot them away. This was accordingly done, and in this summary manner the township was freed from debt. Mr. McBride served as Township Clerk for eight years, and found his own stationery, without any compensation whatever. The ninth year he received a very inadequate remuneration for his services. He was a candidate the tenth year, but the office was then beginning to pay; he had competition, and was defeated. Mr. McBride united with the United Presbyterian Church at Mansfield, in the year 1841. He still retains his membership there, though of late years he has not been able to attend, owing to his advanced age, and the distance to be traveled. About twenty-five years ago, Mrs. McBride united with the Lutheran Church at Lucas. About the year 1870, Mr. McBride sold his real estate, and made a distribution of his property among his children, reserving a portion for the support of himself and wife during their declining years. From that time till the present, they have resided with their children. For the last seven years they have lived with their son-in-law, Samuel Barr. Mr. McBride hauled the poles to make a shed to cover the bricks that were used in building the first brick church in Mansfield. This was about 1821. His father subscribed $50 and his mother $10 to the building of this church. He signed the prospectus for the first paper printed in the county. It was called the Olive, and was published by Robert Crosthwart. It was first published about the close of the year 1818, or the first of the year 1819. It subsequently changed names and proprietors several times, and finally passed into the hands of John Y. Glesner, who christened it the Shield and Banner. Mr. McBride continued to take this paper till the year 1871. There is, perhaps, no man living in the county to-day, who came as early as Mr. McBride, who had attained man's estate when he came here. He and his good wife have shared the joys and sorrows of married life for a period of fifty-five years. He is 82 years old, quite hard of hearing, but intelligent for a man of his years. She is 73 years old, hale and hearty, and in full possession of her mental faculties.

McDANEL, JOHN R., farmer; P.O. Newville. William McDanel, father of John R., was born in Middlesex Co., Del., Oct. 23, 1771 ; his parents, Archibald and Rachel McDanel, were of Scotch-Irish descent. William McDanel was married to Miss Mary Richey, daughter of Abraham and Elizabeth Richey, of his native county, Jan. 27, 1795; Miss Richey was born March 18, 1777, in the same county; her parents were of German descent. William McDanel removed to Beaver Co., Penn., with his family, in 1806, and from there to Richland Co. in 1826 ; he entered the southeast quarter of Sec. 26 in Monroe Township; he labored very hard to clear and improve. this farm, as it was covered with a very heavy growth of timber; when he purchased it, Mr. McDanel was possessed of a strong constitution and iron nerve, and was naturally well-fitted to brave the dangers and endure the toils and privations of pioneer life. lie and his wife were both active members of the Baptist Church for many year.; they were quite liberal in their contributions for religious and benevolent purposes ; they were the parents of eleven children, six sons and five daughters; the sons were named Archabald, Abraham, James, William, Simon and John R.; names of daughters, Phoebe, Elizabeth, Margaret, Mary and Rachel. William McDanel departed this life May 26, 1854; his widow died Aug. 20, 1861; they were both interred in the family graveyard, on the farm. John R„ youngest son of William and Mary McDanel, was born in Beaver Co., Penn., Sept. 8, 1821; he was but 5 years old when his parents brought him to this county; he has lived on the farm his father entered from that time to the present; owing to the limited facilities for obtaining knowledge at that early day, his education was somewhat limited ; he learned to read and write, however, and acquired a tolerably fair knowledge of arithmetic; as soon as he was old enough to be of any service to his father, he wad kept from school the greater part of the time to assist on the farm. Jan. 22, 1848, he was united in marriage to Miss Dorothy, daughter of Henry and Catherine Keller; Miss Keller was born in Stark Co., Ohio, Dec. 10, 1824; her parents were of German descent; they were natives of Pennsylvania; they re-

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moved to Stark Co., Ohio, in 1814, and from there to Richland in 1824, where they continued to reside as long as they lived. Mrs. Keller died in May, 1862, and Mr. Keller in September, 1865; they were buried in the St. Johns Cemetery, in Monroe Township. John R. and Dorothy McDanel are the parents of nine children-five sons and four daughters, two of whom died infants; the names of those who survived the period of infancy are as follows: Henry Jasper, Mary, William Wallace, Thomas Benton, Simon Judson, Harriet Ann and Jane Catharine ; three of the above-named children-Henry J., Harriet A. and Catharine J. are living; the others are all dead; four of the deceased are buried in the Newville graveyard, and two in the graveyard on the farm. By the decease of his parents, Mr. McDanel became the owner of all the old homestead, save forty acres that his father had previously sold to his brother Simon ; be purchased the interests of his brothers and sisters, and thus became the owner of the farm; it is a very good farm, well watered, well timbered, and well adapted both to farming and grazing purposes. Mr. McDanel has but one brother and one sister now living-Simon McDanel, who resides in Worthington Township, and Rachel, who lives with her brother, John R. Mrs. Dorothy McDanel departed this life Aug. 27, 1878; she, as also her husband, had united with the Baptist Church many years previous.

MARKS, JACOB, cabinet-maker; P. O. Lucas; son of Abram and Sallie Marks; was born in Montgomery Township, Ashland Co., Aug. 27, 1828. His father was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn.; his mother's maiden name was Sallie Young; they are the parents of twelve children, six sons and six daughters; Abram Marks emigrated to Richland Co., with his family, during the year 1824; he purchased 80 acres of land, a part of Sec. 16, in Monroe Township; this farm being nearly all in timber, by dint of hard labor on his part it was cleared and otherwise improved; in 1860, he purchased what is now known as the Rummel Mill property, situated a short distance east of the village of Lucas, where he spent the remainder of his days; he died in 1863; his widow still lives, near Lucas. Jacob Marks and his brother Pete are twins; they are the eldest children of their parents; Jacob followed the peaceful pursuits of a farmer till he arrived at the age of 22 years, when he turned his attention to the mechanical arts ; he learned the trade of cabinet-maker with John Heck, of Newville, and has continued to follow that business from that time to the present; he has the reputation of being a very good workman ; he has recently increased his facilities for the manufacture of almost all kinds of furniture; he keeps constantly on hand a large and well-selected supply of coffins and other articles in the line of an undertaker; as an undertaker, he has had an experience of twenty-six years, during which time he has averaged not less than thirty coffins per year. In his disposition, Mr. Marks is kind and obliging; he is temperate in his habits, and honest and upright in his dealings with his fellow. men. In 1855, Mr. Marks was united in marriage to a young lady of an adjacent township; by this marriage he became the father of six children, two sons and four daughters. In politics, he has been a lifelong Democrat. In 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Reno Robison, eldest daughter of the late William Robison, of Monroe Township ; Miss Robison was born in Virginia; her parents removed to Richland Co. about the year 1848 ; she is a lady much respected for her many virtues.

MANNER, JACOB, farmer; P. O. Perryville; he was born in Berkeley Co., Va.. Dec. 9, 1804. His father's name was Joseph Manner; his mother's maiden name was Catharine Mentzer; his parents were both of German descent; they were born in Franklin Co., Penn.; his parents came to Ohio in the spring of 1827, and purchased a farm, then in Richland, now in Green Township, Ashland Co.; there was an old grist-mill on this farm at the time, which he and his son Jacob remodeled and repaired, and which they ran for many years. Joseph Manner continued to reside here as long as he lived; he died in April, 1840, aged about 78 years; his wife survived him a short time; they were both interred in the Perryville Cemetery. Jacob Manner was married to Miss Jenette Calhoun, second daughter of Noble and Sarah Calhoun, of Monroe Township, Aug. 8, 1833; her mother's maiden name was Taylor; her parents were both of Irish descent; they settled in Monroe Township in the spring of 1831, and continued to reside on the same farm till the day of their death. Mr. Manner lived on his father's farm a few months after his marriage; he then purchased the farm now owned by John Darling, of Monroe Township, where he resided about three years; he then sold his farm and removed to Newville ; he purchased the only brick building in the place and engaged in the mercantile business ; he subsequently purchased the frame dwelling now owned by H. D. Ruth in that place; he continued in the mercantile business about four months, when he traded his house and lot and stock of goods for a farm of 190 acres on the Black Fork, to which he removed with his family; he stayed on this farm three or four years, during which time some one of the family was almost continually shaking with the ague; from there he removed to Wooster, where he kept a hotel about a year; he then sold his hotel, and, removing to Worthington Township, purchased the farm now owned by Jacob Cate ; he subsequently purchased an interest in the Herring Mills ; this last investment was an unfortunate one, as he lost by the operation about $2,500; he continued to reside on the Cate farm for several years after leaving the mill; about the year 1852, he sold this farm and purchased the farm formerly owned by his father-in-law in Monroe Township; this farm contained 260 acres; he subsequently purchased 140 acres adjoining the old homestead; he now owns a farm containing 400 acres of as choice land as can be found in the county. Mr. Manner was one of the first men in this section of country to engage in dealing in live stock ; before the days of railroads in the county, he drove his stock through to the Eastern markets; he most generally drove them over the mountains; after taking his first drove through and selling them, he found, after deducting expenses, that he had cleared just $8; he claims to be the first man to ship stock by railroad from this county; he was extensively engaged in this business for a great many years. His sons, of late years, have taken the burden of the business off his hands; they

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are among the most extensive live-stock dealers in the county; they are regarded as honest and upright dealers. Mr. Manner has built three mills in his time and remodeled and repaired a fourth ; two of the mills he built and the one he repaired are within the original boundaries of this county; the other is in Summit Co. Mr. Manner and wife are the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters ; two of these died in infancy; the names of those who survived this period areas follows: Noble C.. Sarah E., Emanuel M., Francis M., Margaret .J. and Susan A.; Sarah E. married James Sheehy; she died March 7, 1879, leaving one child, a daughter named Jenette; she is buried at St. Johns, in Monroe Township. Mrs. Manner died Nov. 5, 1879 ; she is buried at Perryville. About the year 1829, Mr. Manner built a flat-boat, and, loading it with flour, started down the Black Fork from Perryville en route for New Orleans; in passing over the milldam at Loudonville, his boat made a turn, and he, striking one of the top logs of the dam, shoved it off and passed over it in safety; he passed over several other dams on his route; passed over the falls of the Ohio at Louisville in safety and landed at New Albany, Ind., where he unloaded his cargo; about the year 1830, he loaded a keel-boat, with flour and once more started from Perryville down the Black Fork; when he arrived opposite the Loudonville Mills, his vessel sank; he succeeded in raising it, however, but lost by the accident a considerable portion of his cargo; he was obliged to unload and repack it, removing the damaged part; when this was done, be reloaded his vessel and once more started on his way; he ran down to Coshocton, where he transferred his cargo to a canal-boat, and it, was carried to New York by way of Cleveland; he and his assistants then shoved the boat back to Loudonville, and thus ended his experience in boating ; after this, he hauled his flour to Sandusky City in wagons and shipped from there to different places

MECKLEM, SAMUEL, farmer; P. O. Perryville; was born in Beaver Co., Penn., near the town of New Brighton, April 8, 1817. His mother's maiden name was Rachel McDanel ; he had seven brothers and four sisters ; three brothers and three sisters, living. His father and mother died several years ago; they are buried in Providence Grave-yard, North Sweetly Township, Beaver Co., Penn. Samuel Mecklem was married to Miss Mary Gillespie, eldest daughter of Thomas and Mary Gillespie, of his native township, about A. D. 1842; after their marriage they remained in Beaver Co. about nineteen years, during which time Mr. Mecklem farmed for different individuals for a share of the crops; at the end of this time they removed to Richland Co., and settled in Monroe Township, where he farmed for his brother-in-law, Joseph Wolf. and others, till about 1868, when he purchased 20 Acres off the west side of the northeast quarter of Sec. 26, in Monroe Township, where he has since resided. He has very materially improved this farm, and now has it in a highly cultivated state. Samuel and Mary Mecklem are the parents of ten children-Eliza Jane, born Thursday, April 5, 1843 ; Mary E., born Tuesday, Sept. 3, 1844 ; Thomas G., born Saturday, Aug. 8, 1846; Rachel, born Aug. 8, 1848 Sarah, born May 3, 1852; Lydda, born May 19, 1855; Samuel T., born July 4, 1856; Elzena, born Feb. 5, 1861, and John E., born May 24, 1863. Of all this large family but one is left to comfort and console his parents during their declining years; consumption has carried them off one by one. Eliza Jane died May 17, 1854, and was buried at Providence, Beaver Co., Penn. Mary E. married Eli Pitts, of Lucas, June 6, 1869, by whom she had one child, who died in infancy; she died Sept. 5, 1870, she is buried in the Odd Fellow's Cemetery, near Lucas. Thomas G. was married to Mary Horner Sept. 21, 1876, by whom he one child, a daughter, named Elzena; he died June 6,1879. Rachel married William Ridenour Oct, 18, 1866, died Dec. 27, 1875; Sarah died Feb. 17, 1874 ; Lydda died in January, 1873; Elzena died Aug. 11, 1870. All of the above-named children lie buried side by side in the St. Johns Cemetery, in Monroe Township, save Eliza Jane. John E. is their only surviving child, and he is of frail constitution and delicate health. Mr. Mecklem has been a member of the Baptist Church for many years. As neighbors, Mr. Mecklem and wife are kind, social and friendly; ever ready to lend a helping hand in cases of sickness or genuine distress.

MOWERS, ISAAC, pioneer farmer; was born in Berkeley Co., Va., Aug. 8, 1802; his fathers name was Henry Mowers, and his mother's maiden name Sarah Rapp ; his parents were both of German descent ; they removed to Richland Co. in 1822. The subject of this sketch was then about 20 years old; they settled in Green Township, on the farm now owned by William Jones; they continued to reside on this farm as long as they lived. He died at the age of 70, and his wife at the age of 65 years; they are buried in the Shambaugh graveyard. They were active members of the Lutheran Church more than forty years. Isaac Mowers was married to Miss Mariah, only daughter of John and Sarah Kayler, Dec. 29, 1836 ; her mother's maiden name was Brown. ''Miss Kayler was born in Cuping, Germany, Oct. 27, 1815; her parents emigrated to the United States when she was but 1 years old ; they settled near New Lancaster, Ohio, where they remained four years. About the year 1821, they removed to Richland Co. and entered a quarter-section of land in the northeast part. of Monroe Township. They continued to reside on this farm as long As they lived. He died at the age of 57 and his wife at the age of 52 years; he is buried in the Shambaugh graveyard, and his wife in the Mt. Zion Cemetery; they were both active members of the Lutheran Church for many years. Isaac, Mowers and wife moved into his father's house after his marriage, and continued to reside with them as long as his parents lived, being a period of eleven years from the date of his marriage. lie then purchased the "old homestead," where he remained another year. He then sold it and purchased a quarter-section in the northeast part of Monroe Township. He continued to reside on this farm cultivating and improving it as long as he lived ; he died July 31, 1877; his death was the result of injuries received by his horse becoming frightened at a train of cars and running away with him. Isaac Mowers and wife are the parents of nine children, live sons and four daughters, named in the order of their births-Henry H., born July 31, 1838; John H., March 22, 1840; Sarah A., Dec. 26, 1841 ; Martin, Sept. 6, 1843 ; Elizabeth

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C., Feb. 4, 1845; Julia A., Sept. 9, 1846; George W., Aug. 18, 1850; Mary L., July 21, 1854, and William M., Sept. 1, 1856. Henry married Malinda Culler; John, Martha Sackman ; Sarah, Herman Fox; Martin L., Nancy J. Kayler ; Elizabeth C., M. L. Culler ; Julia A., Christian Ernsberger ; George W., Martha Lee; Mary L., M. C. Culler; William M., Loisa Dorne. Mr. Mowers and wife united with the Lutheran Church early in life ; he continued to be an active and zealous member as long as he lived; his widow still retains her membership at Mt. Zion. They were both active workers in the church, and contributed largely of their means toward religious and benevolent enterprises. Mrs. Mowers is hale and hearty for a woman of her years, and is in the full possession of her mental faculties.

MOWRY, SAMUEL, farmer; P. O. Perryville. Samuel Mowry was born in Chambersburg, Penn., on the 12th March, 1825 ; his father's name was Jacob Mowry; his mother's maiden name was Catharine Teeter; his father came to Ohio about 1822, and purchased a farm in the southwestern part of Monroe Township, it being the farm now occupied by his son Adam ; with the assistance of his sons, he cleared, cultivated and improved this farm; he continued to reside on the same farm till the day of his death, which occurred about 1850; he was buried at the Hersh, now the Mt. Olive, graveyard; his wife survived him about twenty years; she was buried by his side ; they were the parents of fifteen children, two of whom died in infancy ; nine sons and four daughters grew to be men and women; they were named as follows: John, Eliza, Philip, Jacob, Catharine, Daniel, Joseph, Samuel, Christina, Sarah, Adam, Mathias and Solomon. John, Eliza and Solomon are dead; all the others live within the original boundaries of Richland Co. Samuel, their sixth son and the subject of this sketch, remained with his father and assisted him on the farm until he attained his majority ; during this time, he was permitted to attend the district school a few months during the year; his facilities for acquiring an education were quite limited; he, however, succeeded in learning to read and write, and in acquiring a tolerably fair knowledge of arithmetic; soon after he was 21 years old, he went to Crestline and engaged to learn the cabinet trade with one Michael Hefflefinger, with whom he served an apprenticeship of three years ; he worked as journeyman in this business for about two years ; he then quit this business, thinking it injured his health: he then took up the carpenter trade, and worked at this business for about fifteen years ; he was regarded by his patrons as a good mechanic, and seldom failed to give entire satisfaction to his employers. For the last twenty years, he has been engaged in farming; his farm consists of 55 acres, and is a part of the farm entered by the old pioneer David Crawford ; it is highly fertile, well improved, well watered and well timbered, and there is a thriving young orchard thereon. Mr. Mowry was married to Miss Elizabeth Smith, second daughter of Henry J. and Elizabeth Smith, of Worthington Township, on the 19th day of February, 1856, by the Rev. W. A. G. Emmersor, Pastor of the Lutheran Church at St. Johns, in Monroe Township; Samuel and Elizabeth Mowry an the parents of nine children, five sons and four daughters-Henry Jacob, born Aug. 27, 1857 ; William Franklin, Sept. 1, 1859; Frederick Walter, June 10, 1863; Olive Alverta, Feb. 1, 1866; Laura Ann; Aug, 28, 1868; Harmon Lewis, April 16, 1871 ; Allen Harlin, May 25, 1873, and Emeline May, Aug. 12, 1876, Mr. Mowry joined the Lutheran Church at St. Johns, about twenty-two years ago; his wife united with the German Reformed Church when she was about 16 years old; she joined the Lutheran Church at the same time her husband did; they have been active and zealous members of the church ever since they became members thereof; in proportion to their means they have, perhaps, contributed as liberally as any others toward the building of churches and the support of the Gospel. They have many warm friends, and few, if any, enemies.

ROSS, NATCHER (deceased); he was born near Harrisburg, Penn., Feb. 4, 1790; his father a name was John Ross, and his mother's maiden name Charlotte Natcher; his father was of Irish and German descent, and his mother of German. Natcher Ross was married to Sophia Arnold, daughter of Benjamin and Mary A. Arnold, of Harrison Co., Ohio; her parents were of Scotch-Irish descent; Mr. Ross came to Richland Co. Dec. 1, 1819, and entered the northwest quarter of Sec. 4, in Monroe Township: in the fall of 1821, he removed to this farm with his family ; they made this trip in wagons from Harrison Co.; his farm, at this time, was an unbroken forest; the ground was covered with snow when they arrived at their destination; Mr. Ross split boards, out of which he built a rude shanty, in which they resided till he was able to hew timbers and put up a hewed-log house; in this house they resided for many years ; Mr. Cassan bought it, some years ago, and removed it to Lucas, where it still stands, and is to this day a very comfortable dwelling. He raised a large family of sons and daughters, the names of whom are given in the order of their births: William, Rezin Arnold, Mary Ann, Susan, Rachel, John, James and Nancy Jane; William, Rezin Arnold and John are dead; William died in California, and is buried near Frazer Rivers; Resin Arnold died in Indiana, and is buried at Warsaw; John died Feb. 23, 1849, and was buried at Mount Zion, in this township. Mr. Ross continued to reside on the same farm from the time he came to the county till a few years prior to his decease, when he sold it to his son-in-law, Jacob Leiter, and removed to Lucas; Mr. Leiter still owns this farm. Mrs. Ross died Sept. 20, 1848, and Mr. Ross March 3, 1864; they are both buried at Mount Zion.

PETERSON, WILLIAM, farmer; P. O. Perryville. Among the enterprising and energetic farmers of Monroe Township, none are entitled to a more prominent place in her history than the subject of this biography, His father was one of the pioneers of the township, and he, too, may be justly termed a pioneer, for he was either born in this township or was brought here by his parents at a very early day. His father was a farmer by occupation and the owner of a large farm in the fertile valley of the Black Fork. When he became the owner of this farm, it was in a state of nature, wild and uncultivated; but, by persevering energy and patient toil on the part of himself and sons, a great

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transformation was soon made, and the frowning forest gave place to fruitful fields and flowery meadows. The subject of this sketch remained with his father, assisting the cultivation and improvement of his farm, till some time after he had attained to his majority, when he was united in marriage to a very estimable young lady of his neighborhood, Miss Esther, eldest daughter of Solomon and Rachel Gladen. By persevering industry, fine financiering and careful management, Mr. Peterson has been very successful in the acquisition of this world's goods; lie owns two excellent farms in the northeastern part of Monroe Township. He has erected, at a great cost, a magnificent dwelling on one of these farms. He has also built commodious barns on both farms. His farms are highly fertile and productive and he cultivates them in a very creditable manner. Mr. Peterson and wife have raised and educated an interesting family of children. One of their sons, named Erasmus, a very promising young man, contracted a disease which rendered him a cripple for life ; he died in 1879, and was buried at Perryville.

REA, WILLIAM (deceased). Was born in Cumberland Co., Penn.,June 23, 1772; he subsequently removed to Bedford Co., Penn., and about 1816, came to Richland Co., Ohio, and entered the north half of the southeast quarter of Sec. 35, in Monroe Township; he came to the county in company with Jacob Williams, Joseph Friend and William Fergueson; Mr. Williams entered the south half of the same half-section, Mr. Fergueson entered the south half of Sec. 34, in the same township; Mr. Friend entered the farm now owned by Alexander Freeman, on the eastern boundary of Worthington Township, near the present site of the town of Newville. Mr. Rea, upon his arrival in this Western wild, went to work at once and cleared a small tract and erected a cabin on his farm ; he kept bachelor's hall for a few years, when he rented his cabin to one William Wilson, a son-in-law of Jacob Williams; Mr. Wilson lived here a few years, assisting Mr. Rea in clearing and cultivating his farm. About 1821, Mr. Rea was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Swendal ; they were married it the residence of John Kinton, in Worthington Township, by Rev. William Johnson, of Mansfield ; Mrs. Rea was born in the County of Down, Ireland, about twenty miles from Belfast, Dec. 25, 1792; her father's name was Richard Swendal ; her mother's maiden name was Susan Fox ; Mrs. Rea came to the United States when about 25 years old; she had a brother living in this country, but she did not know where to find him; she, without money or friends, set about seeking employment at once, which she soon was able to find : she worked for some time in the city of New York, and in various other places ; in a few years, by the assistance of s friend, she was enabled to find her brother; when she did find him, however, she did not recognize him, and it was with no little difficulty that he was enabled to convince her of his identity : she subsequently came with her brother to Richland Co., and got married as before stated. Mr. Rea took his wife immediately with him to his cabin and went to housekeeping in the primitive style of those days; they were the parents of four children-Martha Ann, born Aug. 9, 1826, died March 23, 1842; Mary Jane, born Sept. 18, 1828 ; Eliza, born Dec. 10, 1830, died in the spring of 1839 ; Sarah, born Jan. 2, 1832, died in the spring of 1839; all of whom were buried in the Pine Run graveyard. Mr. Rea united with the United Presbyterian Church early in life, and was an active and consistent member thereof as long as he lived ; he was very strict in the observance of the ordinances of religion; Mrs. Rea united with the same church some years before her marriage and still retains her membership therein. William Readied Oct. 2, 1846, and was buried in Pine Run graveyard. Mrs. Ran has resided with her daughter, Mrs. Darling, for several years ; she is now 87 years old ; though somewhat enfeebled by age, she still retains full possession of her mental faculties.

REED, JOSEPH (deceased ), was born in Cross Creek Township, Washington Co., Penn., June 5, 1798. His father's name was Nicholas Reed; his mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Fulton. He was of Scotch-Irish descent. He was married to Miss Nancy Miller March 12, 1829. He came to Richland Co. soon after his marriage, and bought the southwest quarter of Sec. 23, in Monroe Township, which he cleared, cultivated and improved, and on which he continued to reside till the day of his death. Mr. Reed had seven children by his first wife -Elizabeth, born Jan. 31, 1830, married to Jacob Wigton, Jan. 2, 1851, by Rev. William Hughes; George, born Oct. 3, 1831, married to Miss Mary E. Wigton, Sept. 15, 1855, by Rev. Richard Gaily ; Nicholas, born Feb. 9, 1834, died March 25, 1834 ; Mary Jane, born July 18, 1835, died Aug. 9, 1855; Eliza, born Aug. 12, 1836, died Sept. 8, 1836; Hugh F., born Aug. 13, 1837, married to Miss Amanda Wolf, Feb. 17, 1859, by Abraham Baughman, Esq.; Mary S., born Sept. 23, 1839, died Aug. 23, 1842. Mrs. Nancy Reed departed this life December 22, 1844. Mr. Reed remained a widower until Dec. 29, 1853, when he was united in marriage to Miss Chancy E. Crawford, fifth daughter of George and Mary Crawford, of Perryville, Ohio. They were united in marriage by Rev. William Hughes, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Perryville. By his second wife, Mr. Reed has had seven children, five sons and two daughters-Nancy Jane, born June 27, 1855, married to James A. Coe, in 1876, by Rev. Eddy; Emma Melsina, born Feb. 14, 1857, Martha Abigal, Jan. 16, 1859; Joseph Melancthon, Aug. 21, 1860; James Marion, Aug. 21, 1860; Alma, Oct. 14, 1863; Mary, Oct. 12, 1866. Mr. Reed died respected by all who knew him, Oct. 3, 1874. He had six brothers - James, Samuel, Hugh, William, John and Robert : and two sisters-Eliza and Jane. At the death of her husband, the management of the farm and household devolved upon his widow. She has been a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church for about twenty-five years.

RINEHART, I. S., miller; P. O. Ada, Hardin Co., Ohio. Jacob Rinehart, great-grandfather of I. S. Rinehard, came to this country about the year 1736 ; he attained to the great age of nearly 100 years; his son Conrad Rinehart, was born in Maryland, A. D. 1785; he became a member of the Evangelical Association at an early age, and remained an active and zealous member of that branch of the Christian Church up to the time of his decease; he was married to Miss Eve Bealy, of his native State; he and his wife were among the original members of the Evangelical

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Association in this country; he officiated for some. years in the capacity of a local preacher; he died Oct. 29, 1871; he left a widow, 12 children, 80 grandchildren, 124 great-grandchildren, and 2 great-great-grandchildren; he was aged 86 years 8 months and 15 days; his widow died in June, 1873, aged 88 years 9 months and 2 days. John B. Rinehart, father of I. S. Rinehart, was born in York Co., Penn., June 2, 1813; he was married to Miss Mary Stump, eldest daughter of Adam and Rebecca Stump, of his native county, in the fall of 1834 ; Miss Stump was born in York Co., Penn., Aug. 13, 1812. Mr. Rinehart and wife came to Ohio, in company with his father-in-law and family, in the spring of 1830; they settled in Columbiana Co., where they remained till the fall of 1838, when they removed to Richland Co., and settled near Woodbury, where they continued to reside for several years; they subsequently removed to Knox Co., where they lived a few years; about the year 1864, they removed to Worthington Township, in this county. He and his brother, C. B. Rinehart, purchased the Rock Point Mills, near Newville, which they ran with very good success many years; they subsequently purchased about 60 acres of land adjoining this mill property; in the fall of 1874, J. B. Rinehart sold the mill property and removed to Ada, Hardin Co., Ohio, and purchased an interest in a steam-mill at that place he here met with reverses of fortune, which nearly stripped him of all he had acquired by many years of toil; he continued to reside in Ada till the day of his death, Aug. 13, 1879. Mr. Rinehart was a man of strong constitution and iron nerve; few men of his day could compete with him in feats of strength ; he was a kind, social and obliging man. His widow still resides in Ada, and is much esteemed by all who know her for her many virtues; she has been an active Christian for many years. Adam Stump, the father of Mrs. J. B. Rinehart, was born in York Co., Penn., Sept. 15, 1786; he was married, Dec. 24, 1811, to Miss Rebecca, daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Castelow; her father was a native of Ireland, and her mother was a German by birth ; her mother's maiden name was Baker; Mr. Stump removed to Ohio, as herein before stated he was a miller by occupation; he resided in this county many years prior to his death; he and his good wife were zealous members of the Lutheran Church; she was a member of this branch of the Christian Church about sixty and he about twenty-six years; he died March 4, 1872; she died Sept. 1, 1879; they lie side by side in the St. Johns Cemetery: they lived to see descendants of the third generation ; he died at the age of 85 years 5 months and 19 days; she was aged 86 years 2 months and 15 days. J. B. and Mary Rinehart were the parents of ten children, five sons and five daughters; five of these are dead, two sons and three daughters-one is buried at Millwood, in Knox Co. ; three at Frederick, in the same county, and one at Woodbury, in Morrow Co.; the names of the living are Eliza, Israel S., Lawson, Persa and Melvin, all of whom are married and have families. I. S. Rinehart was born in a mill at Ankneytown, Knox Co., Ohio, Sept. 1, 1838 ; his father was attending this mill at the time, and, there being no dwelling convenient, the family lived in a port of the mill ; it can be said of him, that he was born and raised in a mill. As soon as he was old enough to be of any service, his father taught him the trade, and he has fol lowed that business from that day to this. He has the reputation of being a very good miller. He was united in marriage to Alias Louisa, daughter of Solomon and - Painter, then of Woodbury, now of Newville. Miss Painter was born in Columbiana Co. Oct. 30, 1839; her mother is a daughter of Fredrick and Nancy Shenfield ; Mr. and Mrs. Senfield were both Pennsylvanians by birth, and were of Irish and German descent. Solomon Painter is a son of Adam and Mary Painter; his parents were of German descent, but natives of Pennsylvania; he is also a Pennsylvanian by birth, but has lived in Ohio the greater part of his life. He is a physician by profession ; lie was a soldier in the war of the rebellion. By his first marriage, Mr. Rinehart had two children, both daughters, and named Lauretta and Myrtie. Their mother died Dec. 15, 1866, and was buried in the St. Johns Cemetery in Monroe Township. I. S. Rinehart resided in Newville and in other parts of this county for several years. He was married to Miss Margaret A., second daughter of John and Harriet Cole, April 10, 1868, The ceremony was performed by John Wigton, Esq., of Newville, Ohio. Miss Cole was born in August, 1843; her father was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn.; he was of German descent ; was twice married ; the name of his first wife was Harriet Clark ; she was of English descent. By this marriage he had four children, one son and three daughters-William Henry, Mary Elizabeth, Margaret Ann and Nancy Mariah. Nancy M. died when about 4 years old, and was buried at Bryan, Williams Co., Ohio; the others are married and have families. Their mother died about the year 1852, and was buried at Bryan, Ohio. His second wife was the widow of Mr. Williamson Lowry, of Monroe Township; her maiden name was Williams; she was the youngest daughter of Jaoob and Mary Williams, a pioneer family of Monroe Township; by this marriage he had four children-Harriet Irena, Sarah Lauretta, Nancy Olive and Allure. Mabel ; Harriet Irena died young. Mr. Cole died in August, 1874, and is buried at Ada, Ohio. By his second wife, Mr. Rinehart has three children-Kitty Mabel, John Cloud and an infant son.

SCHRACK, DAVID (deceased); was born in Center Co., Penn.; was of Scotch-English descent, and a farmer by occupation. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Mogle ; she was of German descent. Mr. Schrack removed to Richland Co. in 1819. He purchased of Thomas Pope a quarter-section of land in the southeast part of Monroe Township, and moved thereon with his family. He subsequently entered the quarter-section adjoining his first purchase on the north; on the Pope farm there were about 4 acres cleared and a rude cabin built thereon. Mr. Schrack and family lived in this cabin till they were able to put up a more comfortable and commodious house. His farm was covered with n dense and heavy growth of timber, and required a vast amount of hard labor to prepare his lands for cultivation, and, though the soil was rich and productive, his grounds were stony and hilly; but by hard labor and perseverance on the part of himself and sons these difficulties were all overcome. Mr. Schrack lived to see a

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massive brick dwelling occupying the place of the rude log cabin. He lived to see the dense forest give placed to fruitful fields. He lived to rear a large family of children, and to become comparatively wealthy. Mr. Schrack was a "mighty hunter," and many were the deer, wild turkeys and other wild animals that fell be neath his unerring aim. He also shot quite a number of bears when he first came to the county. He was among the Indians a great deal, with whom he was always on friendly terms. Mr. Schrack and wife are the parents of fourteen children, three sons and eleven daughters; three of these died in infancy ; the sons were named Charles, John and David; the daughters -Sarah, Catharine, Mary, Margaret, Elizabeth, Rachel, Sophia, Susan and Ann. Sarah married Abraham Hersh, and raised a family; she is now dead. Catharine married Aaron Baughman, by whom she had a large family of sons and daughters; she and her husband are both living in Monroe Township. Mary married Pierce Jeffrey; has a family, and resides in Indiana. Margaret married R. Y. Gladden, of her native township , raised a family; they now reside in Perryville, Ashland Co. Elizabeth M. married Benjamin M. Morrison; Rachel married William Armentrout. Sophia married J. J. Douglass, of her native township. Susan married William Wigton, and resides in this township. Ann married John S. McDanel, and resides in Indiana.

SCHRACK, CHARLES, farmer; P. O. Newville. The subject of this sketch was born in Monroe Township June 9, 1820; he is the eldest eon of David and Elizabeth Schrack; he was born and brought up in the woods, and inured from infancy to all the privations incident to pioneer life; being the eldest of the boys, the burden of the hard labor fell upon his shoulders. As soon as he was old enough to pick brush or handle a hoe, he was put to work by his father; and from that time till the day he left the parental roof, he was obliged to lead a life of labor and almost incessant toil. Mr. Schrack had but little time or opportunity, while young, to obtain an education, and yet he succeeded in obtaining as much knowledge of the common English branches as many young people of the present day. He remained with his father, assisting him in clearing and improving his farm, until he was about 27 years old. He was married, Dec. 30, 1847, to Barbary Hammon, fifth daughter of George and Catharine Hammon, of Worthington Township. Miss Hammon was born May 1, 1820. Mr. and Mrs. Schrack are the parents of five children, three sons and two daughters ; the eldest died in infancy; Marion Hammon Schrack was born Sept. 26, 1851-married to Miss Hattie E. Graber; Harriet Ellen, born Sept. 11, 1854, died in infancy; Elizabeth Catharine, born April 13, 1856, married Hiram Sheehy ; Clark Douglas, born April 12, 1859. After their marriage, they lived on his father's farm one year, when they removed to a farm of 185 acres, for which he paid the sum of $7,000. At the time Mr. Schrack purchased this farm, it was very much run down and out of repair. The buildings were old and dilapidated; the fences very much in need of repair; a large portion of the best land was overgrown with briers and brushes, and the fertility of the soil nearly destroyed by being over-worked, and other causes. Mr. Schrack, with the assistance of his wife and sons, his has transformed it into quite a different looking farm. A thrifty young orchard of fruit-bearing trees may be seen on his farm. The sterility of the soil has been changed to great fertility, and to-day Mr. Schrack has one of the most productive farms in this region of country. He received nothing from his father's estate, notwithstanding all the hard labor he did on the farm. Mr. Schrack donated the ground on which the Pleasant Valley Lutheran Church is built, as also the grounds for the churchyard and cemetery. He also contributed liberally of his means toward the building of this and other churches, and for the relief of the distressed, and the support of the Gospel. A few years ago, he united with the Disciple Church. His wife is & member of the Lutheran Church.

SCHRACK, JOHN, second son of David and Elizabeth Schrack, was born and reared in Monroe Township. The days of his boyhood and early manhood were spent in assisting his father in clearing and cultivating his farm. Some considerable time after he had attained his majority, he conceived the idea of becoming a lawyer. His education was at that time quite limited; but, being possessed of great energy, by dint of hard study and close application this difficulty was soon overcome. After attending school till he acquired a pretty thorough education, he commenced the study of the law. He pursued his studies with such diligence and energy, that in a abort time he was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of the law. He succeeded admirably well in his profession, and soon ranked among the foremost young lawyers of the county. He served as Prosecuting Attorney two terms, and while engaged in his profession had a very lucrative practice. On the death of his father, he became the owner of the "old homestead," and a few years afterward he forsook his profession for the peaceful pursuits of the farm. He still continues to practice in Justice's courts, but his chief pursuit is farming.

STOUT, HIRAM, farmer; P. O. Lucas. He was born in Sussex Co., N. J., on the 16th day of January, 1819; he was the eldest son of James and Eve Stout; he came to Richland Co. with his parents when quite young, and endured with them the privations incident to pioneer life; as young as he was at that time, he had the honor of grubbing the first grub that was taken out on his father's farm ; his facilities for obtaining an education were quite limited. but notwithstanding all these difficulties, the subject of this history succeeded, by industry and application, in acquiring a fair knowledge of the common English branches. Mr. Stout, in his younger days, was very fond of hunting-in fact, he was a regular "Nimrod;" when he was about 15 years old, he heard his dogs one morning about daybreak barking fiercely in the woods at some distance from the house, and he at once shouldered his rifle and started to see what they had treed, thinking it was a raccoon or opossum, or some other small animal; when he arrived at the spot, he saw some large animal, with glittering eyes, seated on the branch of a tree; he took deliberate aim and fired, when down came a huge panther and fell dead at his feet, shot through the brain ; this was the only panther known to have been killed in this region.

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Mr. Stout, in his younger days, was rather fond of the company of the young ladies. He loved, with them, "to trip the light fantastic toe," yet nevertheless he never suffered himself to be entrapped by their "winsome wiles and winning smiles;" but, as a matter of choice, has remained a bachelor to this day, living with his aged mother, and taking care of and providing for her during her declining years. Mr. Stout is the owner of the old homestead, and has it under a good state of cultivation; his farm is very productive, and well adapted to the raising of all kinds of grain.

STOUT, JAMES (deceased). Was born in Sussex Co., N. J., April 16, 1790. His parents came to the United States from the lowlands of Holland. He was married to Miss Eve Hupfer, fifth daughter of Jacob and Margaret Hupfer, of Cumberland Co., Penn., Oct. 27, 1815, by whom he had three children, two sons and one daughter. Mary Ann, the eldest child, was born July 17, 1816; she was married to Edward Sheehy; she died Dec. 19, 1858, and was buried at Perryville. Hiram, born Jan. 16, 1819; Cornelius, Dec. 16, 1822; died May 21, 1862; buried at Perryville. Cornelius was married to Miss Mariah Owens, by whom he had a large family of children. Mr. and Mrs. Stout came to Richland Co. in the fall of 1826, and settled near Petersburg, in Mifflin Township, where they remained about two years, when they removed to Monroe Township and bought a farm about one and a half miles south of the present site of Lucas, where they remained about one year, when Mr. Stout entered the west half of the southwest quarter of Sec. 22, cleared off a spot, erected a cabin and moved his family there; the country, at that time, was still wild; few settlements had been made; a few bears were still to be seen in the woods, and wildcats were plenty; deer and wild turkeys were still numerous. Mr. Stout was fond of hunting, and many deer and wild turkeys fell victims to his unerring aim. By industry and perseverance, the wilderness was converted into a "fruitful field," and made to "blossom as the rose." Mrs. Stout narrates that before she came to Ohio, she learned to shoot, in order that she might be able to defend herself, if necessary, against attacks of the Indiana. She says that, whenever she wanted a mess of squirrels or other small game, when the men were busy, she would shoulder a rifle and go to the woods, and soon succeed in getting all she wanted. James Stout still continued to reside on this same farm till the day of his death, Aug. 30, 1864; he was buried at Perryville. His widow still resides on the old farm with her son Hiram; she is healthy and intelligent for a woman of her years; she was 84 years old on Christmas Day of 1879.

SWIGART, J. L., wagon-maker, Lucas. Michael Swigart, the father of J. L. Swigart, was born in Lancaster Co., Ohio., April 7, 1800; he was of German descent. He was married to Miss Anna Byers, of Hagerstown, Md., on the 8d day of July, 1825; they removed to Stark Co., Ohio, in 1827, and thence to Richland in 1832, and purchased 120 acres off the northwest corner of See. 27 in Monroe Township; he subsequently purchased 80 acres, adjoining the 120 on the north ; at the time he came in possession of this farm, it was in an uncultivated state, the greater part of it being encumbered with a heavy growth of timber and underbrush, but, by persevering industry on the part of himself and sons, the wilderness was transformed into fruitful fields. Michael Swigart and wife are the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters-Leonard, the eldest, was born Feb. 11, 1826. He was married to Miss Margaret Schrack Sept. 14, 1844; he served as Commissioner of this county two terms; he now resides in Dickinson Co., Kan. Anna Margaret, their eldest daughter, was born Oct. 2,1827; she was married to Josiah Switzer Jan. 21, 1847; she died Jan. 4, 1857, and was buried in the Pleasant Valley Cemetery. Elizabeth, their second daughter, was born March 27, 1830; she was married to George W. Chew, who died some years ago, leaving her with a family of small children to maintain. George J., their second son, was born Dec. 21, 1831 ; he was married to Miss Susan Smith; he died April 26, 1870, and was buried in the Odd Fellows' cemetery near Lucas. Mary A. B., their third daughter, was born Dec. 15, 1834, and died March 10, 1840; she was buried at Pleasant Valley. Elenora, their youngest daughter, was born April 6, 1836; she died April 12, 1840, and was buried at Pleasant Valley. Peter A., their third son, was born Jan. 1, 1838; he married Margaret. Andrews; he served as a private in Co. B, 120th O. V. I., during the war of the rebellion; he contracted a disease while in the army which caused his death; he died Sept. 27,1865. Their youngest son, Jesse L., was born as herein before stated. Michael Swigart was a Drum Major in the war of 1812 ; he continued to reside on the farm he purchased when he came to the township till within a few years of the date of his decease; his wife died April 10, 1867 ; she was of a kind, social and obliging disposition, and much respected by all who knew her; he, too, was jovial and kind-hearted, ever ready to confer a favor on his neighbor when in his power to do so; he died July 16, 1876; he and his wife lie side by side in the Pleasant Valley Cemetery. Jesse L. Swigart was married to Miss Rebecca Jane Henry, third daughter of David and Jane Henry, of his native township, April 26, 1863; his wife's parents were of German descent ; her mother's maiden name was Donelson. Jesse L. and Rebecca J. Swigart are the parents of three children - Orange, Olive and Cora. He was a soldier in the late war; was a private in Co. A, McLaughlin's squadron of cavalry ; he served till the close of the war ; he was with Sherman in his celebrated march from Atlanta to the sea. He and his wife are active members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Lucas; he has for many years been an active member of Monroe Lodge, No. 224, I. O. O. F., and has attained to the highest position in his lodge; he is also a member of Burns Encampment, No. 131; he has been Treasurer of his township four or five years,

SWIGART, L. M., farmer; P. O. Mansfield; his father, John Swigart, was born near Chambersburg, Penn., in 1793; he came to Ohio with his father, who settled on a farm near Canton, Stark Co., now used as the county infirmary. He served as a soldier during the war of 1812, and fought under Perry at the battle of Mackinaw; when the war was ended, he came to Richland Co.. and located in Orange Township, now in Ashland Co., where he taught school for some time. Among his pupils at that time was the lady he after-

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ward married. In 1821, he removed to Monroe Town ship, where he built a cabin; in 1826, he built a two-story, hewed-log house, that yet stands, the timber of which is in a good condition. The farm is now owned by Mr. Cullor. In 1831, he sold his place, and bought 320 acres south of Lucas, on Switzer's Run, now called Pleasant Valley. While clearing his land, he and his family occupied a schoolhouse as a residence ; he soon after built a house, which then stood where the present residence of George Swigart now is; in 1835, he built a saw-mill; in 1860, he moved to Lucas, where he died at the age of 76 years. He was married, in 1816, to Miss Barbara Young, who survives him, and is now a resident of Lucas ; she was born in Washington Co., Penn., in 1796, and came with her parents to Ohio in 1804, who first settled on a farm near New Lisbon, Ohio, and, in 1814, removed to Orange Township, Richland Co., now in Ashland Co. Mrs. Swigart remembers meeting Fulton, the inventor, and seeing the first steamboat on the Ohio River. Mr. L. M. Swigart was born Dec. 31, 1827, in Monroe Township; when of sufficient age, he assisted in clearing land, farming, and hauling lumber to Mansfield, mostly with an ox team; when 27 years of age, having accumulated $500, he bought a farm one mile north of Lucas, which he soon after, with some assistance, paid for in full. He lived on this farm ten years, when he sold it, and bought the Young farm of 240 acres, five miles east of Mansfield, and afterward bought the Leiter farm; he erected the beautiful business house on Main street, Mansfield, known as the L. M. Swigart Block, in 1879. He was married to Miss Jane Balliet Feb. 12, 1854, by whom he has had five children-Martha A., born Jan. 19, 1855; Clora E., Dec. 2, 1856; Sarah J., April 13,1859; John B., April 7, 1864 ; Mary E., Nov. 21, 1871. Mr. Swigart remembers seeing the first train of cars that came into Mansfield, and recalls many of the early incidents in the county's history.

SWIGART, GEORGE W., farmer; P. O. Hastings. Was born in Richland Co., A. D 1820; his father, John Swigart, was born in Franklin Co., Penn., A. D. I793; when he arrived at the age of 13 years, his father, John Swigart, Sr., removed to Ohio, and settled two miles north of Canton, in Stark Co.; he remained with his father till the beginning of the war of 1812, when he enlisted in the service of the United States, and served his country faithfully during the war; after the close of the war, he came to Orange Township, in Richland Co., and taught a three-months' term of school. At the close of his school, he married Miss Barbary Young; Miss Young was born in Washington Co., Penn., in 1797, and removed with he father, Jacob Young, to Richland Co. in 1814; she was a member of a family of twelve children. Mr. Swigart removed to Monroe Township in 1821, and settled on the southwest quarter of Sec. 11 ; he moved in the morning in the woods, without any shelter but the trees, and in the evening he had a cabin 16x16 feet erected and one-half of the roof on: he moved his family into this cabin the same evening; again, in 1832, he removed into the woods, on the farm now owned and occupied by his son, George W., it being a part of Sec. 29 in this township; he continued to reside on this farm. cultivating and improving it, till within a few years of his death, when he removed to Lucas; he was of German and his wife of German and English descent. In his political faith, he was a Democrat of the "Old Hickory" persuasion ; he held some offices of honor and trust in the township; he raised a large family of sons and daughters, several of whom still reside in the county, and are wealthy and enterprising citizens; Mr. Swigart died in 1872, his wife in yet living. George W. Swigart was reared in the woods, and inured to hardships and toil from his boyhood; he acquired such education as was to be obtained in the common schools of that day ; he found but little time, however, for literary pursuits, but the time allotted him for that purpose was carefully improved, so that he acquired what may be termed a fair common-school education; being possessed of a well-balanced brain, and very retentive memory, and extremely fond of reading useful books, he has succeeded in storing his mind with a large fund of useful information. Mr. Swigart married Miss Margaret Rider, daughter of Henry Rider, an early settler of this township; Miss Rider was born in 1824; they are the parents of three children, one son and two daughters; Mr. Swigart has worked some at stone masoning and carpentering, but the greater part of his life has been devoted to the peaceful pursuits of the husbandman, in which business he has succeeded admirably well; of late years he has paid considerable attention to politics; be, like his father, is a Democrat of the Jacksonian school, "Retrenchment and Reform" are his favorite themes; he says, "that for thirty years he has advocated measures, that if adopted would greatly decrease the burden of taxation, and afford a much greater protection to society." For the benefit of future generations, he desires that his theory or plan be inserted in his biography. In the first place, he would reduce the number of the members in the Legislature one-half, and the salary of the remaining members one-half. He claims that when this is done, we would have a better clan of legislators, as political tricksters could not, under such circumstances, afford to buy an office for which they were in nowise qualified. He claims that we now have too much legislation; and that too much is more injurious to society than not enough. In the second place he would make some improvement in county affairs. He would dispense with the office of Probate Judge, as also of a grand jury. He would have the Clerk of the Court attend to the civil duties that are now performed by the Probate Judge. He would have Justices of the Peace and Mayors of cities and incorporate villages, to perform i the duties now assigned to grand jurors, and would also give them exclusive jurisdiction in minor criminal cases. Lastly, he recommends sure and severe punishment to criminals. Mr. Swigart has in his possession a cast-iron kettle which holds twenty gallons, that his grandfather bought in Steubenville in 1808, which has remained in the family ever since that period. Mr. Swigart says in regard to road making in his township, " Our first roads were made by cutting paths through the forest, and piling logs and brush in the muddy places. In the course of time, the plow and scraper began to be used. Now we use in addition to these the cart and wagon to haul gravel." At the instigation and through the influence and assistance of Mr. Swi-

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gart and other enterprising men of Monroe Township, many valuable and lasting public improvements have been made in the township within the last five years, more especially in roads and schoolhouses.

SWITZER, JOSIAH, farmer; P. O. Lucas. Was born on the north bank of the Rocky Fork, in Mifflin Township, on t he 21st day of July, 1825 ; his father was of German and his mother of Scotch-Irish descent; his father's name was Frederick Switzer and his mother's maiden name Issabella Steel. His mother was born in Franklin Co., Penn., on the 19th day of March, 1800; she emigrated to Richland Co., Ohio, in 1815, and settled on the north hank of the Rocky Fork, in Mifflin Township, on the farm now owned by Catharine Ross, where she resided for about two years ; from there she removed to Monroe Township, on the farm now owned by the Widow Glenn, where she resided a short time, when she removed to the farm now owned by her son, Hiram Switzer; she continued to reside on this farm till the day of her death, which event took place on the 5th day of July, 1962; she was the mother of four sons-William, born Jan. 12, 1821; Josiah, born as hereinbefore stated ; Andrew Jackson, Jan. 29, 1830, and Hiram, July 12, 1834. She was a woman of more than ordinary intelligence, being passionately fond of reading and possessed of a very retentive memory; she was better informed on many subjects of interest and importance than most women ; she was an ultra Democrat of the "Old Hickory" persuasion, and few nice of her township were a match for her in argument. Josiah, her second son and the subject of this biography, remained with his mother and was subject to her instructions and control until he attained his majority. As soon as he was old enough to work, his mother found employment for him ; from the time he was 15 till the date of his marriage, he was obliged to labor very hard; his work consisted principally in grubbing, chopping and making mile through the day, while many nights were spent in coon hunting and in fishing; his facilities for obtaining an education were quite limited ; however, by close application to his studies during the limited time allotted to him for that purpose, he has been able to acquire a pretty thorough knowledge of the common English branches. Mr. Switzer was united by marriage to Miss Margaret Swigart, eldest daughter of Michael and Nancy Swigart, on the 21st day of January, 1847; his wife's parents were early settlers of :Monroe Township and were much respected by their acquaintances; by this marriage Mr. Switzer had six sons, of whom only two are now living-George J., his eldest son, was born Oct. 31, 1847; Michael T., his second son, Dec. 9, 1850. Mr. Switzer farmed on shares for different persons from the time of his marriage till about 1862, when he purchased the farm he now owns, being the east half of the southeast quarter of Sec. 21, in Monroe Township. His first wife died Jan. 6, 1857, and was buried at the Hersh (now called the Mt. Olive) Cemetery, but was subsequently taken up and removed to the Pleasant Valley Cemetery. Mr. Switzer married, for his second wife Miss Mary M. Cromer, youngest daughter of Daniel Cromer ; they were married April 19, 1857; by this marriage, Mr. Switzer had ten children, four sons and six daughters, all living but one. He is emphatically a self-made man. He was initiated into the mysteries of Odd Fellowship and became a member of Monroe Lodge, No. 224, located at Lucas, Ohio, about twenty-six years ago, and has been an active member of the lodge and a zealous member of the order ever since; he has attained to the highest position in the lodge. He is also one of the charter members of the Burns Encampment, located at Lucas, Ohio; has been an active member thereof ever since it was instituted, and has been the recipient of the highest honors the encampment can confer. He has also had the honor of serving in the capacity of District Deputy Grand Master for one term. Mr. Switzer has repeatedly been elected to fill some of the most important offices of his township, in which capacities he gave entire satisfaction. He united with the Lutheran Church at Pleasant Valley about two years ago, during which time he has been an active and zealous member. Monroe Lodge and the village of Lucas are to some considerable extent indebted to Mr. Switzer and a few more of like energy for the beautiful hall and schoolhouse they now possess. He has, for many years, taken a deep interest in township affairs, and more especially in the cause of education; he was, for many years, School Director of his district under the old law, and was present at the first meeting of the Board of Education under, the new law, and helped to organize the same; he presided at the meetings of said board the last five years, during the last two years of which time, four elegant and commodious brick schoolhouses have been erected in the township. Mr. Switzer's farm is a very productive one, well adapted to the raising of all kinds of grain; his dwelling is a large and commodious brick building, and he has a good frame bank barn; his farm is well watered and well timbered, and he has a thriving young orchard thereon.

SNYDER, DANIEL, pioneer farmer; P. O. Mansfield: familiarly known as the "old pioneer;" was born in Washington Co., Penn., March 8, 1808; his father's name was Peter Snyder; his mother's maiden name was Drusilla Metcalf; his father was of German and his mother of Scotch English descent; his parents came to Richland Co. in the fall of 1815; his father bought the northeast quarter of Sec. 6, in Mifflin Township, on which he settled with his family, consisting of his wife and four children, three sons and one daughter; their farm was a dense forest, with the exception of a few acres that the timber had been chopped off; there was a small cabin thereon, built in the primitive style of those early days ; it was destitute of floor and without doors, windows or chimney ; an Indian trail ran near the cabin of the Snyders ; the children, among whom was Daniel, would run and hide when they saw an Indian approaching, having, no doubt, frequently heard thrilling stories of their cruelty to the whites; if they happened to notice the trepidation of the children, one of their number would almost invariably say: "We no hurt ; we no hurt." The Snyders were not in the least discouraged by the gloomy prospect before them ; both father and sons went to work in earnest to prepare their ground for cultivation; from morning till night the sound of their axes was heard, and the nighty monarchs of the forest soon gave way before their

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sturdy strokes ; in the course of a few years, a great transformation had taken place. Peter Snyder and wife are the parents of seven children, five eons and two daughters, named, in the order of their births, Vatchel, Peter, Daniel M., Rachel, Catharine, Thomas and John C.: Vatchel married Mary Hull, and raised a family of four children, one son and three daughters ; Peter married Elizabeth Good and raised a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters; he died about the year 1837. Rachel married John Hull, and raised a family; she and her husband reside in Washington Township. Catharine married Robert Henry ; they raised a large family of children; she died five or six years ago. John C. married Christina Swarts; they have a family of children, and reside in Mifflin township. At the time of his decease, Peter Snyder was the owner of 207 acres of land in Mifflin Township he and his wife were both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and, like a large majority of the pioneers of our county, they were kind, hospitable and generous ; he died about the year 1860; his wife survived him about ten years; they are buried in the Emmanuel Graveyard, in Mifflin Township. Daniel M. Snyder was married to Miss Margaret Good, fourth daughter of John and Fanny Good, March 24,1830; Miss Good was born April 8, 1811, in Cumberland Co., Penn.; her mother's maiden name was Rinehart; her parents came to this county in 1822 ; they settled in Mifflin Township; they lived on a rented farm about twelve years, when they purchased a farm in Washington Township, where they continued to reside as long as they lived ; they are buried in Piper's graveyard, in Washington Township. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Snyder rented a farm north of Mansfield and moved thereon ; he resided on this farm about seven years; he then purchased 86 acres in Sec. 6, Monroe 'township ; at the time he purchased this farm, it was unimproved: a great deal of hard labor was required to prepare it for cultivation; but Mr. Snyder was equal to the emergency; he built a cabin, into which he moved his family, and, by persevering industry, in the course of a few years. he had his farm in a good state of culture ; Mr. Snyder has added piece by piece to this farm till he now owns 187 acres of choice land being reared in the woods, Mr. Snyder and wife have been inured from childhood to toil, hardship and privation ; their labors, however, have not been unrewarded, for now, in their declining years, they are prepared to give over their toile and cares, and pass their remaining days in ease and comfort; they are the parents of ten children, seven sons and three daughters. Samuel R., born Oct. 15, 1838, married to Drusilla Hull, by whom he had seven children; he died May 17, 1865, and lies buried in Emmanuel Graveyard. Peter, born Oct. 27, 1832, married Sarah Hamilton, by whom he has three children living and two dead. Drusilla, born Dec. 7, 1837, married Joseph Richey, by whom she bad two children, a son and a daughter; her first husband dying, she married for her second husband William Pike, by whom she had three children ; they reside in Huron Co., Ohio. John C., born June 27, 1837; married Esther Boals ; have one child, and reside in Virginia City, Nev. Rachel J., born Nov. 27, 1839, married William McBride; have five children, and reside in California. Thomas, born June 3, 1843, married Mary Miller, by whom he has had three children ; they reside in Ruggles Co., Kan. Catharine, born March 3, 1845, married David H. Bell, reside in Madison Township, and have two children. William H., born Feb. 10, 1850, died in Virginia City, Nev., Nov. 20, 1875, and is buried-there. Franklin P., born June 26, 1852, married Amanda Ross, by whom he has had three children ; he lives in a part of his father's house. Daniel is one of the leading men of his township; he is a Democrat of the "Old Hickory" persuasion ; he has held many offices of trust in his township, which positions he filled with credit; he served as Commissioner of this county for one term, but, through political trickery, was defeated on being a candidate for a second term ; be discharged the duties of this responsible office to the satisfaction of nearly all concerned. Mr. Snyder has been a member of the Masonic Fraternity about twenty years; he and his good wife have been members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church many years; they are not only hearers of the Word, but doers, as the needy and distressed of their neighborhood will testify.

TUCKER, DAVID. He was born in Merrimack Co., N. H., June 15, 1798; his father, John Tucker, was of Irish descent, and his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Lucas, was of Scotch-Irish descent; Mr. Tucker came to Richland Co. in the fall of 1819, and entered the northeast quarter of Sec. 19, in Monroe Township ; also the east half of the northwest quarter of Sec. 21, in the same township; also, one half-quarter where the village of Lucas now stands ; he remained in this county seven years, during which time he labored hard at clearing and cultivating his farm ; he erected a cabin on the northeast quarter of Sec. 19, where he continued to reside during the seven years he remained in the county ; but three families resided in this part of the township at that time. Mr. Tucker was attacked by a pack of hungry wolves, one night while returning home from the cabin of his brother; he armed himself with a handspike, by means of which, together with loud and repeated yells as they approached him, he succeeded in keeping the beasts at bay, though they returned to the attack twice before they gave it up; at that time there were but few churches and schoolhouses in the county, but in nearly every settlement there was a still-house,; whisky was considered an indispensable article in those days; at the expiration of seven years, Mr. Tucker returned to New Hampshire. He was married to Miss Clarissa, daughter of Jesse and Mary Patten, of his native county, Oct. 9, 1829 ; her parents were of Scotch-Irish descent. He remained in New Hampshire till the year 1849, when he removed with his family to his farm in this county, where he still continues to reside. He is the father of six children, three sons and three daughters-Norman, Alfred G., Clarissa L., David F. and Sophronia. Norman married Nancy Williams; Alfred, Elizabeth Slosher; Mary, James M. K. Reed; Clarissa L., single; David F. married Mary Welty. Mrs. Tucker died March 14, 1872, and was buried at the St. Johns Cemetery ; she was a member of the Congregational Church for about thirty-five years, and was a woman of many rare qualities of heart and mind.

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Mr. Tucker has been a member of the Masonic Fraternity about fifty years.

TUCKER, JOHN (deceased); he was born in the township of Hemmicker, county of Hillsboro, N. H., Dec. 20, 1792. His father's name was the same as his own, and his mothers maiden name Elizabeth Lucas He was of Scotch-Irish descent. His parents, however, were both American born. He was pretty thoroughly educated in his youth. In 1816, he left the parental roof, and started on foot to seek a home and fortune in the wilds of Indiana. Terre Haute, which he made his stopping place while in the West, at that time contained but one house besides the post. While he was there, a council was held for the purpose of purchasing the land from the Indiana. Gens. Taylor and Posey, together with five prominent chiefs, constituted this council. After the council was concluded, the soldiers and Indians had a jubilee, in which firewater flowed freely, and the frolic terminated in a drunken row. Gen. Taylor had a leg fractured by being tripped while dancing with an Indian. While there, Mr. Tucker was almost the constant companion of Gen. Taylor. He remained at the fort until the General recovered, and was fit for duty, when he started on foot through the wilderness on his return. He returned by way of Cincinnati. While in that place, he was offered 10 acres of land, in what is now the heart of that city, for $100. In 1818, he came to Richland Co.; made the entire trip on foot. He entered the north half of Sec. 28, in Monroe Township; he erected a cabin thereon, and made some other improvements in the way of clearing, when he returned as he came to his native State. He was married, April 3, 1821, to Miss Mary Ward, of his native town. Soon after their marriage, they stowed their scanty wardrobe, with a few indispensable articles of household goods, in a one-horse wagon, and by this conveyance they made the trip through the wilderness, to their future home in this county. They finally reached their destination, and commenced housekeeping in primitive style, Mr., Tucker was both farmer and school teacher. He taught school in winter, and labored on his farm during the warm seasons. When he first came to the county, there were but few schools, and for a year or two he went to Stark Co. to teach. He taught in all, about sixty terms of school; was among the first teachers in the county, and was considered one of the beet ; he was also a skillful surveyor, and was engaged to some extent in that business; practiced medicine for some time, on the Thomsonian system, but seldom, if ever, did he charge for his services. Besides the feats of pedestrianism already spoken of, he took a trip to the Black Swamp region, east of Fort Wayne, in 1828. In 1838, he went to Kosciusko Co., Ind., where he purchased 1,600 acres of land, which he subsequently divided among his children. In 1846, he made a trip to Missouri on foot, to see that country, but soon became disgusted with it on account of the scarcity and bad quality of water. He continued to reside in Monroe Township till 1853, when he sold his farm to his son Aurelius, and removed to Kosciusko Co., Ind., where he continued to reside till the death of his wife, which took place March 11, 1876; he then made a division of his property, and spent the remainder of his days in visiting his children. He was the father of nine children, six sons and three daughters; has four sons and two daughters living-Aurelius, of Monroe Township; Mrs. F. Wager, of Cleveland; Regulus Tucker, of Tennessee; Horace and Albert Tucker, and Mrs. Vandermark, of Kosciusko Co., Ind. Mr. Tucker is entitled to credit for introducing good fruit into the county at an early day. He never could be prevailed upon to assist in butchering hogs, or any other animals; never fired a gun at a living creature, nor with a leaden missile in it. In his political views, he was an old Line Whig, and subsequently a Republican. In his religion he was a firm believer in the Swedenborgian doctrine. He departed this life Dec. 25, 1879. His remains were sent to Palestine, Ind., and interred alongside of those of his wife.

TUCKER, D. F., farmer; P. O. Lucas; he was born in Merrimack Co., N. H., Nov. 2, 1841 ; he is the youngest son of David and Clarissa Tucker; when he was about 8 years old, his father removed with his family to the farm on which he now resides in Monroe Township; he was trained by his parents to excellent habits ; his education was about as thorough as is usually acquired in the common schools; he remained with his father, assisting him in his farm work, till the 10th day of November, 1864, when he was married to Miss Mary, only daughter of Christian and Mary Welty; the marriage ceremony was performed by the Rev. H. L. Wiles, a Lutheran minister; since his marriage, Mr. Tucker has continued to reside on the old farm, and has been engaged chiefly in farming ; he is an excellent farmer; during the last few years, he has dealt considerably in hogs, and has met with pretty fair success. He is now one of the Justices of the Peace of his township. Mr. and Mrs. Tucker are the parents of six children, three sons and three daughters-John Alfred, born Nov. 17, 1865; Norman Webster, May 29, 1867; Eceum Sophronia, June 25, 1869; Clinton Welty, Jan. 7, 1872; Clarissa Euphemia, April 3, 1874; Mary Etta, Sept. 11, 1877. Their mother was born Nov. 10, 1846; she was trained by her parents to habits of industry and economy.

TUCKER, AURELIUS, farmer; P.O. Lucas; he was born in Monroe Township, Sept. 11, 1826; he is the second son of John and Mary Tucker, pioneers of this township ; he received, in his youth, a pretty thorough education in the common English branches, and was trained by his parents to habits of industry, sobriety and strict integrity; he assisted his father very materially in cultivating and improving his farm ; while a young man, he taught several terms of school, and was well liked as a teacher. He was married to Miss Isabella Alexander, youngest daughter of Peter and Jane Alexander, of Worthington Township, April 5, 1849; his wife's parents came to Ohio while it was yet a Territory ; they settled first in Belmont Co.; about the your 1827, they removed to Richland and bought a large farm, adjoining Newville on the northeast; here they continued to reside as long as they lived, and on this farm their remains lie buried in the family graveyard, on the hill east of the Clear Fork; Mr. Tucker farmed on shares with his father for a number of years. By industry and careful management on the part of himself and wife, he was enabled, in a few years, to amass considerable means. His father desiring is go

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further West, where he could purchase farms for all of his sons. sold his farm to Aurelius at a reduced price. He has very materially improved the appearance of this farm since he became the owner of it; a few years ago his dwelling was destroyed by fire; he subsequently erected & splendid mansion in its stead. Of late years, he has paid considerable attention to the raising of live stock; as a breeder of fine horses and cattle, he has few if any equals in the county: he has been awarded many of the highest prizes, both at the State and county fairs, on horses and tattle of his own raising; he has also been awarded prizes on grain, fruit and vegetables. His wife has been awarded prizes on flowers of her own culture. Mr. and Mrs. Tucker are the parents of five daughters-Laura, who died in in fancy ; Jane, who was married to John C. Ohler, Jan. 16, 1870; Lilly Margaret, who died when 11 months old; Emma J., married Dr. C. W. Skegs, of Lucas, Nov. 11, 1877 ; Alice, died when about 6 years old; their deceased children were all buried in the Schrack graveyard. Mr. Tucker and wife are active members of the Lutheran Church, at Pleasant Valley.

TUCKER, GOULD, farmer; P. O. Perryville; was born in Merrimack Co., N. H., Oct. 16, 1823. His father, Daniel Tucker, was born July 13, 1794; his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Philips, was born July 19, 1799; they were both born in Merrimack Co.; they were married March 6, 1823 ; they were the parents of four sons, of whom Gould is the eldest; John, their second eon, was born April 9, 1826; Moses P., April 21, 1833; Harrison, Jan. 1, 1837 (he died March 13, 1856, and was buried at St. Johns). Daniel Tucker owned a farm containing 340 acres, in Merrimack Co.; he lived on this farm about twenty-six years, when he sold it and removed to Richland Co. and purchased the north half of the southeast quarter of Sec. 26, in Monroe Township, where he lived the remainder of his days; his wife died Feb. 16, 1867 ; he died July 19, 1871 ;they were buried at St. Johns. Gould Tucker was married to Elizabeth Duston, daughter of John Duston, of his native county, about the year 1852; by this marriage he had five children, two of whom died in infancy; those who lived to man's estate are named as follows: John D. G., born Nov. 21, 1851; Wooster, Aug. 14, 1853 ; Orin T., May 25, 1855; their mother died May 18, 1859, in the 26th year of her age; she was buried at St. Johns. Mr. Tucker was married, March 28, 1867, to Mary Ann McDanel, daughter of Archibald and Margaret McDanel, of Beaver Co., Penn., and grand-daughter of William and Mary McDanel, pioneers of Richland Co.; by this marriage he has had one child, James Monroe, a bright, intelligent lad. Mr. Tucker learned the trade of stone-cutting when a young man; he worked at this trade a few years; he came to Richland Co. with his father; farmed for him till be died, when he bought his brother's interest and became the owner of the "old homestead;" he has very materially improved this farm, and now has it in a high state of cultivation; it is well calculated both for the raising of grain and stock : Mr. Tucker has, of late years. dealt to some considerable extent in hogs, and is regarded as an honest dealer. His sons are well educated; three of them are engaged in teaching. He is a man of considerable energy; is temperate in his habits, and honest and upright in his dealings.

WELTY, CHRISTIAN, farmer; P. O. Lucas; he was born in the State of Maryland in 1814; his first years were spent on a farm; at 18 years of age, engaged as an apprentice for three years to learn the house-joining and carpenter trade; his wages were $24 per year and two weeks in harvest; at the expiration of the term he had saved $20; he earned $10 more by doing odd jobs for his neighbors; with $30 in his pocket, he started from Washington Co., Md., on foot to Ohio ; after visiting relatives in Carroll, Stark Co., he commenced work as a jour carpenter in Massillon: remaining there a few months, he set out to see more of the world; he traveled down the Ohio Canal to the Ohio River at Cincinnati, where he assisted in building steamboats ; the first summer, having replenished his funds and procured a small kit of tools, he set out to travel and obtain work by the way ; he left Cincinnati in the fall, went to Natchez, Miss., where he remained till the next spring, when he visited New Orleans, Mobile, and from there to New York via the Atlantic Ocean, he then went to Philadelphia and Baltimore; then crossed the mountains to Cleveland, and back to Cincinnati, and down to Natchez, where he worked the second winter; he returned by way of Massillon, having worked at most of the principal places which he passed through ; he landed in Monroe Township, this county, in 1837; he worked at the carpenter trade here for twelve years; times being dull and prices low, profits were small; he made about $150 per year; quite a number of houses and barns are today standing to testify it took much hard labor, as it had to be worked out of the rough. He was married to Mary Crawford in 1840. In 1846, he purchased an eighty-acre farm, 40 acres a few years after, and another 80 acres in 1861, having then a farm of 200 acres; it being the commencement of the war, farming proved a profitable business, a good time to pay debts and lay in store, as prices for farm produce ran high. Mrs. Welty was born in 1819, in Allegheny Co., Penn.; was brought to the township the same year by her parents, hence is one of the "pioneers;" David Crawford was one of the original settlers ; he was strictly moral and temperate in habits; drunkenness becoming prevalent, be and Solomon Gladden, his neighbor, resolved to abstain from all intoxicating liquors on all occasions while they lived, hence formed the first temperance society in the county; the family of C. and M. Welty consisted of five children, four sons and one daughter; the two elder sons volunteered in the service of our country, and died from disease contracted there, one serving fifteen months, the other nearly three years; one son lives in Kansas, and one is at home; the daughter serving D. F. Tucker, of this township. Mr. Welty belonged to the old Whig party; since the organization of the Republican party has belonged to it. He has held nearly all the township offices at different times, and been Justice of the Peace twice. Has always enjoyed excellent health, which he attributes to temperate habits; used tobacco twenty years, but for thirty years has abstained from its use ; has abstained from liquor for forty years. The subject of this history has never engaged in speculation ; what he has he accumu-

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lated by industry, frugality and economy. He and his entire family are Lutherans. Mr. Welty pays more tax than any man in Monroe Township, hence is the wealthiest; he never failed to meet a pecuniary obligation, or suffered a note to run over time unless he was creditor; never made a store bill ; he is a stockholder of Mansfield Savings Bank.

WELTY, MARY, MRS. She was born in Allegheny Co., Penn., July 10, 1819; her father's name was David Crawford, her mother's name Lucy (Applegate) Crawford. When she was about 2 months old, her parents removed to this county, where she has lived ever since. She went to school in Perryville when she was 8 years old, and the next summer she went to a schoolhouse near Newville. in which James Wolfe was teacher. Most of her time was spent at home doing house work, and from the time she was 14 until she was 20, she did all the family spinning and weaving. In October, 1839, she went to Allegheny Co., Penn., to work for her grandfather; she remained there until September of the next year, when she again returned to Richland Co., and in October she was married to Christian Welty ; in the year 1856, she, with her husband, united with the General Synod Lutheran Church at St. John's Church, in this township, of which denomination they have been consistent members ever since. She is the mother of five children, four boys and one girl-John, born in 1841; Henry, born in 1843; Mary, born in 1846; James, born in 1849, and Cary, born in 1860. John and Henry enlisted in the 64th Regiment, O. V. I., and contracted serious diseases ; John returned the 4th day of August, 1864, died the 17th of the next month; Henry returned the 8th of January, 1864, and died the 12th. Mary was married to D. F. Tucker, of this township, in November, 1864; James was married to M. E, Scott, of Ashland Co., he now lives in Barton Co., Ban.; Cary is still at home.

WILES, T. B., farmer; P. O. Lucas. T. B. Wiles was born in Frederick Co.. Md., about eight miles from Frederick City, March 9, 1821. His father, John Wiles, was born in the same county April 14, 1785; his mother was also born in Frederick Co., May 7, 1798; his father was of English and his mother of German descent; his parents were married about the year 1817. Soon after his marriage, Mr. John Wiles purchased a farm containing 100 acres, in his native county; he continued to reside on this farm until his death, which occurred Oct. 10, 1844; he was buried in the Lutheran Cemetery at Middletown, in his native county. T. B. Wiles was married to Miss Susan, second daughter of Jacob and Hannah Baker, of his native county, March 22, 1849; by this marriage, Mr. Wiles had two children-a son whom they christened Edward Calvin, and a daughter named Susan Alice; Edward C. was born March 18, 1850, and Susan A. July 14, 1852; their mother died Feb. 4, 1853, and was buried in the Middletown Cemetery; she was a consistent member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Mr. Wiles removed to Richland Co., Ohio, in the spring of 1860; he purchased the east half of the southeast quarter of Sec. 20. in Monroe Township, where he has since resided. On Jan. 1, 1863, he was united in marriage to Miss Emily, youngest daughter of John and Elizabeth Crows, of Monroe Township, Rev. F. J. Ruth officiating; Miss Crowe's parents were of German descent; they were among the first settlers of Monroe Township, having emigrated here from Pennsylvania about the year 1829. Mr. Wiles is the father of ten children by his second wife, eight sons and two daughters, named as follows Mary O., born Nov. 4, 1863; George B. M., Dec. 9, 1864; John H., Dec. 3, 1865; Charlie O., March 18, 1867; William O., March 19, 1868; Norman B., July 9, 1869; Scott B., March 18, 1871; Elmer O., Aug. 31, 1872; Effie G., March 30, 1875; Walter L. April 6, 1879. George B. M. died Dec. 25. 1864; Scott B. Jan. 22, 1872; Norman B. March 2, 1872; Elmer A, Jan. 2, 1875 ; they are buried in the Mt. Zion Cemetery. Mr. and Sirs. Wiles, by persevering industry and careful management, have been able to maintain and educate, in a very creditable manner, their large family of children. Mr. Wiles has been an active and leading member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church for about forty years; his wife has been a consistent church member for about twenty-eight years ; she first united with the German Reformed, and subsequently with the church to which her husband belonged. Mr. Wiles became a member of Monroe Lodge, No. 224, I. O. O. F., in 1860, and has been a very active and energetic member of his lodge and of the order, from that time to the present; he has attained to the highest rank in his lodge; he is also a member of the Burns Encampment located at Lucas, and has taken all the degrees therein. Mr. Wiles is one of the leading Democrats of his township, and has repeatedly been elected to fill offices of honor and trust by the members of his party. Mr. Wiles and his good wife are liberal, almost to a fault, in their contributions for religious and charitable purposes; in their dispositions they are kind, social and friendly.

WIGTON, SUSAN, widow; P. O. Perryville. William Wigton, deceased husband of Susan Wigton, was born in a log cabin, on the north bank of the Clear Fork, in Monroe Township, on the 3d day of July, 1827; his father's name was William Wigton, and his mother's maiden name was Jane Williams. While he was quite young, his father purchased the east half of the northwest quarter of Sec. 26, in Monroe Township, and removed his family thereon. The farm at this day was in a wild and uncultivated state, and was but little cleared ; the dwelling was a log cabin constructed in the primitive style of the early pioneers. As soon as William arrived at the proper age, his father sent him to school; as soon as he was old enough to labor, however, his assistance was required on the farm, and lie was permitted to attend school but a few months during the winter season ; his father, however, was a teacher, and one of the best mathematicians in the county at that time, so that with his assistance and his other limited facilities for obtaining knowledge, William was enabled to acquire a pretty fair knowledge of the common English branches; he was trained by his father to habits of industry and morality, which early training proved highly beneficial to him in later life. Feb. 4, 1850, was married to Miss Susan Schrack, eighth daughter of David and Elizabeth Schrack; Miss Schrack, was born in Monroe Township May 25, 1832; after their marriage they moved to his father's farm, where

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they continued to reside as long as William lived, and where his widow still resides ; at his father's death, he purchased the interests of his brothers and sisters in the old homestead and became the owner of the same. This is one of the best farms in that section of country; the soil is highly fertile, it is well watered, well timbered and well improved; there is no better spring of water in the county than the one on this farm. Mr. Wigton was an excellent farmer and never failed to have good crops when there were any in his section of country. Mr. and Mrs. Wigton were the parents of ten children, seven sons and three daughters; two of the daughters died in infancy; James Franklin, their second son lived to become a man of great promise. In order to assist his mother in paying her indebtedness, he left home and engaged labor in the oil regions, where he was suddenly stricken with disease, and cut off in the prime of life and the vigor of early manhood. William Wigton was an active and energetic member of Sturges lodge No. 327, I. O. O. F., for many years prior to his death ; he attained to the highest position in the lodge, and was highly esteemed and respected by all its members. He united with the Lutheran Church at St. Johns, a short time before his death; early in the winter of 1867, he was attacked with typhoid pneumonia, from which he partially recovered, when a fever sore set in, which eventually consumed the bone in one of his thighs; he lingered till spring, enduring in the mean-while, pain the most intense and agony the most intolerable; he departed this life May 27, 1868 ; he was buried in the St. Johns Cemetery; his deceased children were buried here also. Mrs. Wigton being thus thrown upon her own resources, with a large family of small children to support and educate, proved herself equal to the emergency; her husband was considerably in debt when he died, but by persevering industry, economy and careful management, on the part of herself and elder children, she was enabled in a few years to liquidate the entire debt. She has also been able to clothe and educate her large family in a very creditable manner ; in this she was very materially assisted by her children themselves, having been trained from infancy to habits of industry and morality by their parents. Mrs. Wigton has for several years been a member of the Lutheran Church.

WOLF, ADAM (deceased); he was born in Beaver Co., Penn., Dec. 16, 1760; served in the Continental army during the war of the Revolution. He was married to Miss Rachel Oldham, of his native county, Jan. 16, 1790, by whom he had ten children, four sons and six daughters-Mary, born in Beaver Co. Nov. 21, 1790; Easter, Feb. 5, 1793 ; John, Aug. 16, 1794 ; Robert, Jan. 31. 1796; William O., Dec. 21, 1797; Elizabeth, Nov. 4, 1799 ; Joseph, Nov. 26, 1801 ; Rebecca, Sept. 19, 1804 ; Asenath, Aug. 28, 1806, and Rachel, April 29, 1809. Mary married Hiram Whitecotten April 10, 1816; John, Margaret. Baughman Aug. 9, 1825; Robert, Rachel Shiver Jan. 13, 1825; Elizabeth, John Clark May 31, 1827 ; Rachel, Charles Young Jan. 15, 1829; William O., Sarah Kent Sept. 10, 1829; Rebecca, David Baughman July 15, 1832; Asenath, Jacob Ridenour Nov. 8, 1832, and Joseph, Sarah Mechlem Dec. 1, 1846. Ruth Ann Whitecotten, daughter of Hiram and Mary Whitecotten, was married to Joel Smith Oct. 8, 1835. Adam Wolf removed to Richland Co. in 1816, and entered the southeast quarter of Sec. 26, in Monroe Township. His farm, at the time he took possession of it, was a frowning forest; he and his sons soon transformed it into fruitful fields. He continued to reside on this farm as long as he lived. He and his wife were both zealous members of the Baptist Church for many years. His wife died April 19, 1836; he departed this life April 24, 1845. They were both buried at Newville.

WOLFE, JOHN, JR., farmer; P. O. Lucas. John Wolfe, Sr., was born in the State of Pennsylvania Aug. 13, 1794; he was a school teacher in early life, but he was by occupation a farmer; in the spring of 1816, he came to the State of Ohio with his father, Adam Wolfe. The Wolfes entered a quarter-section of land where Gould Tucker now lives. John was married to Margaret Baughman in 1825 ; they were the parents often children. Mr. Wolfe bought 160 acres of land near Pinhook, for $200, which he cleared and cultivated. His wife died on July 19, 1850. Mr. Wolfe was married to Mrs. Ann Force on March 23, 1854 ; his second wife had six children by her first husband, Mathew Force, and two sons by her second marriage-Perry and John Wolfe. Mrs. Ann Wolfe was a daughter of William Hunter. Mr. Wolfe died Feb. 22, 1876; his widow still resides on the old homestead; she is 68 years of age, being born Aug. 13, 1811 ; her daughter, Elizabeth, and her two youngest sons live with her, and care for her as her advancing years demand. John Wolfe, Sr., served in the war of 1812. Abraham and Solomon Wolfe and Oscar and James Force served in the late war. James died at Milliken's Bend and Solomon after he had started for home; the others came home safe.

WOLFE, SARAH, widow; P.O. Perryville. Joseph Wolfe, her husband, was born in Beaver Co., Penn., Nov. 26, 1801; he was the youngest son of Adam and Rachel Wolfs. When Joseph was 15 years old, his father removed, with his family, to Richland Co.; when-about 16, he was thrown from a horse, which injured one of his thighs to such an extent as to make him a cripple for life; owing to this accident, he doubtless received a better education than he otherwise would have done; he qualified himself for a teacher, which profession he followed many years; he taught the first term of school in what is now known as Subdistrict No. 5, in Monroe Township; he taught ten terms of one year each, and several shorter terms ; as a teacher, he met with very good success. Some years prior to the death of his father, he purchased the north half of the old homestead ; about the year 1842, he sold this farm to his brother-in-law, Charles Young; he then went to Missouri, where he purchased 200 acres of land ; returning in about a year, he traded with Mr. Young and got his first farm back again; shortly after his father's death, he again traded with Mr. Young for his Missouri land; in 1846, he traded his Missouri land to David Baughman for a portion of Sec. 27, in this township; besides what has been enumerated, he purchased various other tracts of land in the township, and owned, at the time of his decease, 180 acres in Sec. 27. Sept. 1, 1846, he was married to Miss Sarah Mecklem, daughter of Samuel and Rachel Mecklem, of

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Beaver Co., Penn. Her father was born in Ireland, and emigrated to the eastern part of Pennsylvania, with his parents, when he was young. Was married to Rachel McDanel about the year 1803; moved to Beaver Co. in 1806, where he spent the remainder of his days; he died Oct. 23, 1832, aged 65 years. Rachel McDanel was born near Wilmington, Penn., July 6, 1873; was married to Samuel Mecklem as before stated; they were the parents of twelve children, eight sons and four daughters. Mr. Mecklem was a member of the Presbyterian Church, but his wife was a Baptist; she died Aug. 13, 1847, aged 64 years. Mr. and Mrs. Wolfs are the parents of four children, three sons and one daughter; their daughter died at the age of 5 years and 7 months, and was buried near Lucas. Charles C., their eldest son, was born Aug. 26, 1847; graduated at Amherst College in the year 1876 ; united with the Baptist Church at Perrysville, at the age of 19; went to Kansas in the winter of 1878, purchased a farm, and is now engaged in farming. Norman M., their second eon, was born July 6, 1849; he received a pretty thorough education; attended the Wooster University a year or more; he then entered a law office; was admitted to the bar, and is now practicing his profession in the city of Mansfield. He was married to Jeanie Leiter Sept. 22, 1877; became a member of the Presbyterian Church at Wooster, at the age of 25. Loram L., their youngest son, was born March 23, 1851 ; became a member of the Baptist Church at Perryville, at the age of 17 ; was married to Miss Mattie L. Baughman Sept. 27, 1875; purchased a portion of the old homestead in 1876, which he is now engaged in cultivating. Joseph Wolfe united with the Baptist Church at Newville July 3, 1829, and remained an active and consistent member of this branch of the church as long as he lived ; he died Jan. 28, 1875, and was buried in the Odd Fellows' Cemetery at Lucas. Mrs. Wolfs became a member of the Baptist Church at the age of 20. and has been a member in good standing in that church up to the present time; they were both ever ready to contribute of their means for the support. of the Gospel, and for the relief of the indigent and distressed. Mrs. Wolfs still resides on the old homestead.