Excavations, Etc.	Hamilton	Clermont	Brown	Adams	Scioto
Excavations  Embankment  Trestlework  Tunnels  Bridges..  Culverts  Iron  Ballast  Ties	$124,530 213,000 152,800 4,500 75,758 15,152 6,399	$ 49,340 30,316 4,120 182,121 36,124 15,386	$190,150 33,500 350,000 5,750 205,168 41,114 17,366	$137,100 234,000 143,540 6,960 316,572 63,314 26,743	$110,000 73,980 147,000 60,000 420,000 3,960 172,524 34,451 14,551

NOTES-Total cost, $3,717,719. Two tunnels in Adams 4,000 and 2,500 feet. Two in Scioto 1,600 and 800 feet. Made by Paul Mohr, Jr., E. P. Evans, of Adams ; E. B. Lodwick, of Scioto ; D. W. C. Louden, of Brown, and two others. May 13, 1871, there was an excursion to Columbus and back in one day for $5.00 by the Marietta & Cincinnati and Hocking Valley Railroad. The train left Portsmouth at 4 a. m. to reach Columbus at 10:50, and returning left Columbus at 6 p. m. July 15, 1872, the county voted on building a Railroad. The vote in the city was 2,002 for, and 21 against. The total vote of the county was 3,472 for and 603 against; all the opposition came from the country. The law was afterwards held unconstitutional and the vote amounted to nothing. It was on the 21st of May, 1873, when the law called "the Boesel law" was declared unconstitutional. November 10, 1872, the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad, began erecting a telegraph line along its line. This was the first time a telegraph line was operated along the branch. On September 17, 1873, the citizens of Portsmouth petitioned the M. & C. Ry. to put on a train leaving Hamden in, the morning and returning in the evening. November 5, 1873, this train was put on arriving at 10:20 a. m. and leaving at 2 p. m. October 1, 1870, the fare to the Cincinnati Exposition was $5.00 for the round trip; the train left Portsmouth at 6:30 a. m. and arrived at Cincinnati 2:30 p. m. Tuesday. It left Cincinnati Wednesday evening and arrived at Portsmouth at 6 a. m. Thursday. On March 3, 1875, $115,520 was subscribed by Portsmouth to the Michigan and Ohio Railroad; the Tribune of March 3, 1875, has a list of the subscribers. April 28, 1875, Geo. D. Chapman appeared in Portsmouth for the first' time. His mission was to build the Scioto Valley Railroad. He had come from Kansas for that purpose. He professed to be a man of great resources and backed by fabulous wealth. He proposed to take and pay down $150,000 stock in the Railroad and to require no money until the road was done. The effect of his RAILROADS - 339 enterprise was to paralyze the Michigan and Ohio Railroad and kill that project. August 8, 1865, the Scioto Valley Railroad was put under contract from Columbus to Chillicothe. April 12, 1876, the Cincinnati, Batavia and Portsmouth Narrow Gauge Railroad was first heard of in Portsmouth, May, 3, 1876, the Board of Trade appointed a committee to visit Batavia and learn as to the Narrow Gauge Road. This committee was composed of Dr. J. W. Fuller, F. C. Searl, J. P. McAndrew, John G. Peebles a ad N. W. Evans. August 23, 1876, Col. Samuel Woodward, (the Col. being purely ornamental), wrote to S. S. Jones at Rarden, that the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad was graded to Williamsburg, and track laying was to be begun that week, and Portsmouth was the ultimate destination. On the same day an excursion left Portsmouth for Columbus by the way of Hamden and Chillicothe by the Scioto Valley Railroad, for $3.00 for the round trip. The Scioto Valley Railroad had been completed from Columbus to Chillicothe June 3, 1876. March 31, 1877, nearly $100,000 had been raised for the Scioto Valley Railroad. April 21, 1877 work began grading for this road in Scioto County., John B. Gregory had the contract for grading the sixteen miles in Scioto County. May 5, 1877, three hundred men were at work grading on the Scioto Valley Railroad. May 31, 1877, Col. S. Woodward and Major Byrne were in Portsmouth in the interest of the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad. The meeting was held at the court house and W. B. Grice was secretary. Speeches were made by Col. Woodward, Major Byrne, N. W. Evans, F. C. Searl, L. C. Damarin, D. W Murray, Col Peter Kinney, Dr. J. W. Fulton and Col. J. E. Wharton. June 2, 1877 the road was opened to Sardinia with appropriate ceremonies. The company asked Portsmouth $2,000 per mile to aid in building the road. On June 5, 1877, Portsmouth voted on purchasing the Agriculture works for car shops, the vote stood 743 for and 97 against, majority 651. On August 4, 1877 the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad entered Winchester. There was a great celebration over the event at that place. The company had two locomotives, one was named the Stephen Feike and the other Dick Thompson, and those two gentlemen came riding into Winchester on the pilots, and the locomotives were covered with flowers. All of Adams County was gathered there on that occasion, as this was the first Railroad, and so far has been the only one, to enter the borders of the county. January 17, 1877 the subscribers of the Ohio and Michigan Railroad were turned over to the Scioto Valley road and on March 11, 1877 the people of Portsmouth were called on to extend their subscription to the Scioto Valley Railroad for 90 days. April 10, 1877, at two o'clock, ground was broken on the city hospital grounds for the construction of the Scioto Valley Railroad. $115, C00 had been raised and Geo. D. Chapman subscribed $5,000 more, making $120,000. There were 2,000 people on the grounds. J. B. Gregory and R. A. Bryan laid off the ground and Dan McFarland made the address, then the following persons each threw a spade full off earth: Col. Peter Kinney, Dr. G. S. B. Hempstead, Jas. Lodwick, James 0. Johnson, John P. Terry, Aaron Noel, John G. Peebles, and Col. John A. Turley. The Kinney guards fired a salute until twenty rounds had been fired. Hon. W. A. Hutchins made the address of the occasion. April 25, 1877, Col. J. E. Wharton was soliciting in Adams County to secure rights of way for the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad Company. May 2, 1877, the legislature passed and enacted a law authorizing the city of Portsmouth to purchase ground and erect a depot. This ship passed in the night. The legislature also passed a joint resolution to authorize the Scioto Valley Railroad to occupy part of the eastern bank of the canal in Ross County. The lessees of the public works asked the Railroad Company $30,000 for one of the tow paths and the project was given up. This applied only to Ross County. October 1, 1877, Geo. D. Chapman failed to complete the Scioto Valley Railroad by October 1, as he had agreed and all subscriptions were forfeited, but as all had paid in advance, he was not worried about his failure. When he let the grading to J. B. Gregory the work was not to be paid for in money, but !In certificates of indebtedness to the contractors. These certifioates of indebtedness had an endorsement to the effect that they would be received at par to pay 340 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. subscriptions of stock to the Railroad Company. This compelled the con- tractors to go to the subscribers and sell these certificates at once. They were sold at first at a discount of 15 per cent and afterwards went down as low as 50 per cent, and the result was that the subscriptions were paid in advance in this manner before the day that the road was to be completed. November 4, 1877, at 3 p. m., the Scioto Valley Railroad was completed between Portsmouth and Columbus. November 5, 1877, Monday, 6 p. m., the first passenger car ar- rived from Columbus at Portsmouth, time four hours. December 28, 1877, there was an excursion given by the Scioto Valley Railroad Company to the subscribers. It was tendered by Geo. D. Chapman and made up of directors cars only. Invitations were issued to subscribers and refreshments were provided; 125 persons went upon the excursion. Geo. D. Chapman, E. Wilhoff Banker, Mr. Peters and E. K. Stewart, a Columbus banker, were the hosts. The day following there was a return excursion from Columbus for the Railroad and Business men. The people of Columbus give the people going on the excursion from Portsmouth free rides about the city and tickets to the theaters. On the return excursion the Portsmouth People gave to the excursionists a free dinner at the Biggs. On August 14, 1878, the contract for the construction of the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad between Winchester and Galena was let to Albert Hill. May 1, 1880, a Railroad to Ashland, Ky. was agitated, and a law was passed allowing cities to build railroads. May 6, 1880, a great Railroad meeting was held at Portsmouth, it was addressed by N. W. Evans, Dan J. Ryan and others. May 8, 1880, there was a vote in the city for building a Railroad to Ashland, Ky. There were 1,122 for and 648 against the project, majority 473. May 15, 1880, Jos. Robinson became superintendent of the Scioto Valley Railroad. May 29, 1880, J. J. Harper appointed Wells A. Hutchins, L. C. Damarin, James Y. Gordon, D. N. Murray and Wm. Bolles trustees of the Railroad to Ashland, Ky. This ship passed in the night. Sept. 18, 1880, work was begun on the Railroad between Ironton and Portsmouth, known as the Scioto Valley Extension; the road was built from Portsmouth eastward and it was expected to be completed in November. December 22, 1880, the track for the Scioto Valley Extension to Ironton was laid to a point just beyond Franklin Furnace. January 18, 1881, Portsmouth and Ironton were first connected by rail. February 12, 1881, the Board of Trade asked the legislature to give the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad the use of the canal between Scioto Brush Creek and Davis' Distillery. March 18,1882, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad was let from Otway to the Scioto River. May 11, 1882, the bill authorizing the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad to occupy the tow path of the Ohio Canal from Brush Creek to Davis' Distillery passed the house by 72 to 0, and became a law, having previously passed the Senate. September 23, 1882, the contract was let to build the Scioto River bridge for the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad to Col. J. C. Dewey, It was to be 1,000 feet long, 40 feet high, and to have seven piers. There was to be 2,000 feet of grade between the bridge and he canal, and 100,000 cubic feet of earth were to be moved. February 9 1881, the first train arrived in Ironton over the Scioto Valley Extension carrying 100 passengers. April 22, 1883, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad went into the hands of a receiver, Samuel Woodward. October 13, 1883, Judge Loudon ordered the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad completed to Portsmouth. Receiver's certif- icates to the amount of $250,000 were ordered issued, and the road was ordered to be changed to a standard gauge from Batavia Junction. At that time it had out its first mortgage bonds $500,000, $257,500 the second mortgage bonds and $704,900 the third mortgage bonds. The floating debt secured by three- mortgage deeds was $162,879.79, and there had been an additional floating debt, not secured, of $176,539.58, and of this debt $24,061.56 was due to the operation of the road. At that time the company had 86.5 miles of track on the main line and 14.3 on the branch line. The cost of construction to Portsmouth was estimated to be $157,427.54, and of widening the gauge, $83,100, total $235.427.54. The receiver's certificates were to run three years and to be redeemable in six months. July 25, 1883, the road was completed to Henley and a new mail route established to Portsmouth from Henley, by hacks. At RAILROADS - 341 the same time the Belt Road project appeared in Portsmouth, It was anther ship which passed in the night. The directors were James Y. Gordon, C. A. M. Damarin, John G. Peebles, Geo. Davis, W. Q. Adams, H. R. Tracy, J. F. Powell and W. A. Hutchins. On December 5, 1883, the death of the belt line was announced in the Portsmouth Tribune, with black lines. January 16, 1884, the new C. W. & B. depot was built. It was 52 feet long, 22 feet wide, with two waiting rooms and a ticket office; it is still in use. May 21, 1884, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad had reached Rushtown. June 30, 1884, it had reached Wharton. July 9, 1884, the Scioto Valley Railroad tried to prevent the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad from crossing its track and elevated the track six, feet at the point of crossing. August 25, 1884, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad was opened to Portsmouth. December 8, 1884, the roof of the Anion tunnel caved in. May 23, 1884, the council granted the Cincinnati and Eastern the right of way over the streets and alleys from 16th to 10th streets, between North Waller and Offnere Sts. July 2, 1884, W. R. McGill, president of the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad, fell out of a baggage car door over the trestle near Winchester, and was instantly killed. August 3, 1884, the Cincinnati and Eastern track crossed the Scioto Valley Railroad. August 16, 1884, the track of the road was laid to the Barbee trestle, and regular trains were run to Wharton. May 6, 1884, John R. McLean was made Receiver of the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad. It was stated that the road was to be made standard gauge at once. May 29, 1885, the Scioto Valley Railroad went into the hands of a receiver, Joseph Robinson. On September 1, 1885, Gen. B. F. Coates was appointed receiver of the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad, in place of John R. McLean, resigned. May 25, 1886, the construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad between Ashland and Cincinnati was begun opposite Portsmouth. February 24, 1886, the Ohio and Northwestern Railroad was proposed to come to Portsmouth. April 8, 1886, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad shops were moved to Portsmouth. September, 1886, the earnings of the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad were $19,874.64. January 25, 1887, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad was sold for $1,000,000.00, and it was purchased by the Ohio and Northwestern Railroad Company. On April 11, 1887, the former employees of the Cincinnati and Eastern Railroad presented Gen. Coates with a set of silverware. November 9, 1887, the Ohio and Northwestern was made standard gauge all the way to Portsmouth. May 14, 1887, the Ohio and Northwestern Railroad built a track from Portsmouth to Sciotoville. August 20, 1887, the Scioto Valley Railroad laid its tracks on Tenth street for its junction with the C. W. & B. and to its shops. November 7, 1887, the Ohio and Northwestern Railroad was made standard gauge from Portsmouth to Cincinnati. May 2, 1888, the locomotive first appeared in Springville, Ky., a cannon was fired at Portsmouth and was answered by a scream of the locomotive from the other side. The track layers were working from Ashland down; 62 pound steel rails were laid. June 16, 1888, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad track was laid 13 miles below Maysville; the work progressed at the rate of one mile per day. June 15, 1888, the Ohio and Northwestern Railroad went into the hands of a receiver, Samuel Hunt. August 8, 1888, -Samuel Hunt, Receiver, asked for $325,000 Receiver certificates to complete the Railroad, $100,000 to purchase leased rolling stock, $35,000 to build the road from Portsmouth to Sciotoville, $47,243,18, to pay for cross ties and timber furnished already, $111,924 for improving the road bed and trestles. January 5, 1889, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad began to run regular trains on the South Shore road, and trains from Huntington to Cincinnati were arranged for. January 8th, it began to run local trains, but through trains were not to go on until March 1st. The passenger train from the west came in at 12:05 p. m., from the east, 3:26 p. m., and went only to Covington, Ky. January 2. 1889, at Philadelphia, $600,04)0 Ohio and Northwestern bonds sold, one block at 60 cents and one at 57 cents with coupons from July, 1887, attached. May 13, 1889, the "F. F. V." train passed through Portsmouth at 1:30 p. m. on the C. & 0. R. R. December 4, 1889, the Scioto Valley began to run a sleeper to Chi- 342 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. cago. December 25, 1889, the C. W. & B. R. R. was sold out and transferred to the B. &. 0. South Western. January 21, 1890, the Scioto Valley Railroad was sold to a Reorganization Committee for $3,265,200. The indebtedness on it was $44,231,955.79 including all expenses. The Central Trust Company from New York were the buyers for reorganization. The new organization was called the Scioto Valley and New England Railroad, and mortgaged the road for $15,000,000. June 21, 1890, the Norfolk and Western Railroad bought the Scioto Valley Railroad for $5,000,000, and the assumption of bonded indebtedness. June 11, 1891, the Ohio and Northwestern Railroad ceased to exist and became the Cincinnati, Portsmouth and Virginia Railroad, with a capital stock of $2,160,000. February 6, 1895, a receiver was appointed for the Norfolk and Western Railroad at Philadelphia. The order was made by the United States Circuit Court for the Eastern Division of Virginia. F. J. Kimball and Henry Fink were the Receivers. November 20, 1895, the Cincinnati, Portsmouth and Virginia 'Railroad mortgaged its road for $500,000. November 11, 1895, the Scioto Division of the Norfolk and Western Railroad sold for $110,000. It was sold subject to at $5,000,000 mortgage. The sale was at the Portsmouth Station. January 24, 1899, the Portsmouth and Ohio Valley Railroad was incorporated to build a Railroad from Wharton to Reitz Stone Quarries. Ignatius Reitz, Albert Reitz, Henry Bannon, George E. Kricker and William Turner were incorporators. July 11, 1899, the Cincinnati, Portsmouth and Virginia Railroad bought the old Harty Spring works property for $21,100. November 1, 1899, through train service from Cincinnati to Pittsburg began by the C. P. & V. Ry. from Cincinnati to Portsmouth, the N. & W. to Kenova and the Ohio River Railroad the remainder of the way. There was one train a day each way. March 1, 1901, the Norfolk and Western Railroad purchased the Cincinnati, Portsmouth and Virginia Railroad. County Elections. It is absolutely impossible to find any records of the elections in Scioto County prior to the year 1818. They were preserved on loose sheets of paper, and filed away for a period of time and then destroyed. None are on file of preserved prior to 1876. The election returns given here are taken front old files of newspapers, or from some other sources. The first newspaper ever published in Scioto County was published on August 5, 1818. The returns for the years 1821, 1822, 1823, 1830, 1$33, 1834, 1835, 1841, 1843, 1847 and 1857 the Editor was unable to find. The following is the vote for 1818: For Governor, Ethan Allen Brown received 269 votes; James Dunlap, 189. For Congress, Henry Brush received 415 votes; Levi Barber, 30. State Senator, Edward Tupper received 25 votes; Robert Lucas, 345; Jesse Hitchcock, 70. For Representative, John James received 41 votes; Ezra Osborn, 347; Caleb Hitchcock, 122. For Commissioner, Samuel B. Burt received 178 votes; John Smith, 177; and Gabriel Feurt, 80 votes. For Sheriff, Nathan Wheeler received 389 votes; John Noel, 80. For Coroner, Henry Sumner received 174 votes; Seth Graham, 124 and John H. Thornton, 56. In the year 1820, the vote is given below. There were no nominations for county officers and each one seemed to run on his own motion: For Governor, Ethan Allen Brown, 635 votes; Jeremiah Morrow, 8. For Congress, Henry Brush, (Chillicothe), 436 votes; Thomas Scott, (Chillicothe), 211 votes; Levi Barber, (Marietta), 75 votes. State Senator, Robert Lucas, 394 votes; no opposition. Representative, Nathan Wheeler, 465 votes; Caleb Hitchcock, 431; David Mitchell, 200; William Miller, 151; William Collins, 66 votes. Commissioners, Jacob Noel, 287 votes; Joseph Moore, 233; Wm. M. Burk, 210. For Sheriff, John Noel, 229 votes; Elijah McInter, 170 votes; Marcus Bosworth, 123; Elijah Glover. 100; Wm. Oldfield, 96; Joseph Bonser,. 9. For Coroner, Uriah Barber, 411 votes; Ebenezer Corwine, 213; H. Sumner, 68 votes. There are no records between 1820 and 1824. 1824 was a presidential year and the following is the statement of the vote iu that year in the county: ELECTIONS - 343 For Senator, Robert Lucas, 1,062 votes; John Noel, 525 votes; Jacob Noel, 294. Representative, John Lucas, 974 votes; William Collins, 755; John Davisson, 681: Roswell Craine, 653; Thomas Kerr, 217; Francis Adams, 5. For Sheriff, William Carey, 382; Samuel B. Burt, 270; Daniel Corwine, 263; Jacob Anderson, 1. Commissioners, William Lodwick, 424; Daniel McKinney, 265; Jesse Marsall, 258; Charles P. Hatton, 203; John Clingman, 200; John Brown, 122; John Chapman, 121; Samuel R. Nourse, 19; Thomas W. Burt, 19. For Auditor, David Gharky, 593; Ebenezer Corwine, 342. For Congress, S. F. Vinton, 604; Levi Barber, 190. Robert Lucas was elected to the State Senate and John Lucas and William Collins to the House. William Carey was elected Sheriff, William Lodvick and Daniel McKinney, Commissioners, and David Gharky, Auditor. To give the elections from year to year such as have been preserved to the present time would occupy the space of the book. These elections are not profitable except for the purpose of showing the increase in the vote tor the several years. 1828 being a presidential year the vote on the various county offices is given below: For Governor, Allen Trimble, 670; John W. Campbell, 352. For Congress, Samuel F. Vinton, 346; George House 346. For Senator, William Kendall, 670; Robert Lucas, 341. For Representative, Joseph Lodwick, 637: John Davisson, 390. For Commissioner, William Jackson, 522; Peter T. Lindsey, 394. Auditor, David Gharky, 564; Ezra Osborn, 405. For Sheriff, Moses Gregory. The election of 1829 was a famous one on account of the Senatorial race between Robert Lucas, David Mitchell and Dr. Giles S. B. Hempstead. The following is the vote on these in the county:

	Lucas	Mitchell	Hempstead
Scioto	311	280	233
Lawrence	191	211	19
Pike	323	108	153
Jackson	253	281	36
	1,078	880	441

In this election, George Hammit, a Revolutionary soldier was a candidate for Commissioner and received 212 votes to 442 for Samuel B. Burt. The result of this election to the Whigs caused nominations to be thereafter effected by nominating conventions. In the election of 1831, there were four candidates for Sheriff and three for Coroner. What they all wanted to run for those offices at that time, no one can now tell, but the vote stood as follows: Commissioner, William Jackson, 458; John B. Dodds, 252; Thomas Aldridge, 49; N. Littlejohn, 71. Coroner, Uriah Barber, 360; David Enslow, 147; Samuel Gould, 88. In 1832, Robert Lucas was a candidate for Governor. He received 453 votes in Scioto County to 778 for his opponent, Darius Lyman. This would indicate that Scioto County was strongly Whig. In this year there was a three-sided fight for Congress. In Scioto County, the vote stood, General Duncan McArthur, 753 votes; Wm. Allen, 453; Gen. Wm. S. Murphy, 22. Allen’s majority, in the District was one. Judge Mitchell was a candidate for State Senator. He had 766 votes in the county to 437 for John Thomas, but Thomas' majority in the District was 97. Moses Gregory was elected Auditor without opposition, receiving 766 votes. For Assessor, Conrad Overturf received 706 votes and Seymour Pixley, 437. Edward Cranston had no opposition for Commissioner and his vote was 687. There was a three-cornered race for Recorder. John R. Turner had 78 votes; Samuel Nixon, 317 and Havillah Gunn, 78. In 1836, Joseph Vance for Governor received 977 votes to Eli Baldwin, 550. William Key Bond and William Allen were the candidates for Congress and Bond had 914 votes and Allen 579. There were two representatives to be elected in the joint district of Scioto, Brown and Adams County. William Kendall and James Filson were the Whig candidates and received 981 and 920 votes respectively. John Glover and James Loudon, of Brown, were the Democrat candidates and received respectively 488 and 599 votes. Moses 344 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. Gregory, candidate for Auditor, had 1,949 votes. He was opposed by John Peebles, father of John G. Peebles, who received 398 votes. Peter Noel had 997 votes for Commissioner, and R. B. Alfred, 358. The Congressional District included Scioto, Ross, Pike, Fayette and Jackson Counties. William Key Bond's majority in the District was 536. In the year, 1834, William Allen was beaten in the district by 315 votes. In 1837, Oliver Lindsey was the Whig candidate for Sheriff and Mark Bradburn, the Democratic candidate. Lindseyls vote was 657 to 622 for Bradburn. For Commissioner, William Jackson was the Whig candidate and received 744 votes to 472 for Abijah Batterson on the Democratic ticket. There were four candidates. for Assessor, Azel Glover, Whig, 234 votes; John C. Ashley, Democrat, 154; John Peebles, Independent, 40, and James Kinnison, Independent, 109. The race for Coroner was between William Jones, the old school teacher, who received 210 votes, and Uriah Barber, the Revolutionary soldier, who received 351 votes. Barber was the only Democrat on the ticket who was elected. For the Legislature, William Kendall had 897 votes, and his opponent, John Glover, Democrat, 408. For State Senator; Charles White, Whig, had 865 votes, and John Patterson, Democrat, 435 votes. This vote represented the strength of the Whig and Democrats in the county. There was only one candidate for Prosecuting Attorney, Samuel M. Tracy. He received 1,053 votes. In 1838, Governor Vance on the Whig ticket, had 880 votes, and Shannon, Democrat, had 603. For Congress, Bond on the Whig ticket, had 853 votes, and Latham on the Democratic ticket, 605. For Commissioner, Wm. Salter had 1,015 votes and one C. V. Folen had 32 votes. John R. Turner was a candidate for Recorder and received 778 votes. He was opposed by Wm. Jones, our old friend, the school teacher, who had 227 votes. In 1839, for Commissioner, Peter Noel had 756 votes and Thayer D. White, his opponent, 619 votes. The parties' strength was represented on the vote for Senator. George Edwards of Brown, Whig, received 755 votes, and John Glover, of Scioto, Democrat, 690 votes. In 1840, in the race for Governor,. Corwine had 1,421 votes and Shannon, 790. William Russell for Congress, had 1,884 votes and Allen Latham 779. Russell's majority in the district was 1,700. Daniel Young for Representative, had 1,357 votes and his opponent, Tieran had 785. Wm. L. Boynton, was elected commissiouer by 1,334 votes to 792 for Thayer D. White. For Sheriff, John H. Thornton, had 1,356 votes and his opponent, Clark, 781. In 1842, Corwine for Governor had 1,073 votes and Shannon, his Democratic opponent had 780. For Sheriff, John H. Thornton had 880 votes and John Cook, 920. This was the time John Cook stole a march on the Whigs and defeated their candidate for Sheriff. Everybody was suprised at this result except John Cook, who knew how it was done. In 1844, Bartley, Whig, for Governor, had 1,451 votes and Todd, Democrat, 1,087. Vinton, for Congress, had 1,454 and Mr. Morgan, his opponent, had 1,069. This year Isaac H. Wheeler was elected Sheriff. He had 1,384 votes to 1,147 for John Cook. In 1846, the Whig candidate for Congress had 989 votes and Byington, Democrat, had 754. For Representative, John A. Turley had 1,064 votes and Abijah Batterson, 771. In 1848, J. L. Taylor for Congress had 1,530 and Francis Cleveland, Democrat, had 1,064. Moses Gregory, as Surveyor had no opposition. For Infirmary Director, John McDowell, Whig candidate, had 1,501 votes, and Samuel J. Huston, Democrat, 1,067 votes. In 1849, Wm. L. Salter, Republican candidate, for Senator, received 1,192 votes and Joseph McCormick, Democrat, 643 votes. For Representative, James Rodgers, Republican, received 1,162 votes and Wm. Newman, Democrat, 695 votes. This was the year in which Edward Jordan defeated Samuel M. Tracy for Prosecuting Attorney. He received 961 votes to 936 for Tracy. Wm. Conklin, Whig, defeated Abijah Batterson, Democrat, for Treasurer by a vote of 1,198 to 709. In 1850, J. L. Taylor, Whig candidate for Congress, carried the county by receiving 1,126 votes to 654 for McCormick. In that year, Col. Moore, Whig, ELECTIONS - 345 defeated Johnson, Democrat, Moore had 1,326 votes to 430 for Johnson. In 1851, Col. 0. F. Moore received for Senator, 1,309 votes to 888 for Francis Cleveland, Democrat. W. A. Hutchins, Whig Candidate, for Representative, received 1,348 votes against Joseph Moore, Democrat, who received 928 votes. This was the year in which John R. Turner was elected Clerk of the Courts for that term by a vote of 1,134 to 1,133 for George H. Flanders, only l vote majority. For Treasurer John Cook received 1,278 to 793 for George H. Gharky. For Prosecuting Attorney, Edward A. Jordan, Democrat, received 1,334 votes to 731 for Samuel M. Tracy, Whig. The vote on Coroner was the closest fight. John Squires, Whig candidate received 823 votes; C. F. Reiniger, 862. For Infirmary Director, Joseph Riggs received 1,186 votes. James Lod- wick, Democrat, 986 votes. In 1852, the Whigs made a clean sweep. For Congress, Taylor had 1,419 votes and Sherer, Democrat, had 1,083. George A. Waller, Whig, received 1,326 votes for Auditor to 1,145 for Thomas Kendall. In 1853, Nelson Barrere for Governor, (Highland County,) recerved 1,077 votes to 1,260 for Wm. Medill, Democrat. One Lewis, a third candidate, received 129 votes. In this year the Democrats seemed to have swept everything. There was a Democrat re-action. Thomas McCauslen, for Senator, received 1,622 votes, Elijah Glover 708. Joseph Riggs, candidate for State Board of Equalization, received 1,103 votes and one Anderson, the Democratic candidate, 1,331. George Herod for Representative, received 738 votes. One Hudson. had 1,072 and Cassidy had 635. Martin Crain was a Whig candidate for Recorder. He received 1,275 votes to 1,169 for B. F. Cunningham. In 1855, on the vote for Governor, Salmon P. Chase had 1,042 and Medi11 1,050, Trimble, 1,740. On the vote for Senator, H. S. Bundy had 482 votes to 1,067 for Westphall. For Representative, Daniel McFarland received 1,145 votes to 1,049 for Hempstead, Democrat. For Prosecuting Attorney, Glover received 1,206 votes and George Johnson, Independent, 1,167. In 1856, Col. Moore for Congress on the American ticket had 1,343 votes and Miller, on the Democratic ticket, had 1,309. Hoffman, Republican, 533. Coffrin, American, 1,571 votes and John Cook, Democrat, 1,616. The Democrats elected their Auditor, J. J. Appler by a vote of 1,395 to 1,294 for George W. Flanders, American. Judge Searl, candidate for Auditor, had 483. He was on the Republican ticket. Benjamin Miles was the American candidate for Recorder. He had 1,501 votes. McCrum, Democratic candidate for the same office had 1,375. Cole, Republican, 374. Joseph Riggs was the Republican candidate for Commissioner and had 473 votes. Tracy, on the American ticket, for Commissioner had 1,363 votes and Hudson, Democrat, had 1,391. Thomas Keys, Republican candidate for Surveyor had 473 votes, Brown, Democrat, 1,508; Gregory, American, 1,142. The returns for 1857 were not found. In 1858, the race was a straight one between the Republicans and Democrats. Carey A. Trimble, Republican candidate for Congress, had 1,870 votes; Joseph Miller, Democrat, 1,489. For Common Pleas Judge, W. W.' Johnson, Republican, had 1,785 and E. F. Bingham, Democrat, 1,543. On the vote for Commissioner, Wm. Veach, Republican, had 1,764 votes and Joseph Moore, Democrat, 1,599. At this election, Johnson for Judge had 307 majority in the five counties. Trimble, candidate for Congress, had 939 majority. In 1859, the political vote in the county was Governor, Wm. Dennison, Republican, 1,808 votes; Rufus P. Ranney, Democrat, 1,324; the Republicans carried the county for State Board of Equalization, State Senator, Common Pleas Judge, Treasurer, Prosecuting Attorney and Recorder. The Democrats won on Commissioner, Andrew J. Endow had 1,529 votes and Joseph Jackson, Republican, 1,486. The vote on Treasurer was Philip Noel„ Republican, 1,598 votes, Jesse Appler, Democrat, 1,541. For Representative, John W. Collins, Republican, 1,658 and Stephen Smith, Democrat, 1,349. There was a vote in the County on annual sessions of the Legislature. Scioto County voted 220 for it to 828 against it. We have given a short statement of the elections returns of the County for the first fifty-seven years. For further particulars on this subject, we refer to the State publications, or to the bound volumes of newspapers published in the county. 346 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. A law should be passed requiring the annual county elections to be recorded and preserved in permanent form. All prior to 1876 have been destroyed by the County Officers. Independence Days. The first record we have of any celebration in the new County of Scioto was on the 4th of July, 1808. Isaac Bonser, who lived on Bonser's Run, gave a great celebration. He cut his wheat and took it to Maysville, and had it ground to make bread. At that time it took him two days to go to Maysville in a canoe. It is reported that he pushed the canoe back up the river in one day. By some means the notice of this celebration, became noised abroad, and people came from West Union, Maysville, Chillicothe, and Gallipolis. There were 300 present. They were mostly hunters, which means that they were persons intimate and well acquainted with Isaac Bonser, who was a great hunter himself. The parties at the celebration bored out a log and banded it with iron to make a cannon, but it bursted. Robert Lucas read "the Declaration" and made a speech. Fresh meat was baked over a pit of hickory coals. An old Virginia negro was cook. Some of the party remained several days. General Tupper of Marietta was present. Whiskey was plenty. John Campbell was the gunner of that day and when he touched the gun off he dodged behind a poplar tree, and it is said to have bursted at the sixth discharge. July 4, 1825 was a great day in Union Township. There was a celebration there by Captain Peter Noel's Rifle Company. There was a free dinner and sixteen toasts were proposed and responded to. Among them were John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, The Ohio Canal and the State of Ohio. July 4, 1827 was celebrated in Portsmouth, the first we have of any record. A procession was formed in front of the Court House, then on Market street there were two companies of Militia in uniform, that marched to the Presbyterian meeting house on Second street, just east of Lynn's livery stable. The ceremonies opened with prayer. Edward Hamilton read the Declaration of Independence, and an oration was pronounced by Charles 0. Tracy. The procession marched back and sat down to dinner on the river bank. Thirteen toasts were offered. Of the volunteer toasts, John Noel responded to "the Patriots of 1776." John H. Thornton, John R. Turner, Dr. N. W. Andrews and Samuel Dole all responded to toasts. The Light Infantry, Captain John McDowell, dined at Colonel McDonald's. That Company also had thirteen regular toasts. Captain Kennedy Lodwick's Artillery Company also celebrated the day at a public dinner at Peebles' tavern. July 4, 1829, there was a proper celebration of the day in Portsmouth. The notice of the arrangements was published as early as June 6. At a meeting on June 13th, Samuel M. Tracy was chairman and M. B. Ross Secretary of the meeting. The Committee to take charge of the celebration was: Col. John McDonald, Dr. Andrews, Dr. Hempstead and Samuel M. Tracy. Perhaps the greatest celebration ever in the history of Portsmouth was on July 4, 1831. The citizens assembled at the Court House at 11 o'clock A. M. Rev. E. Brainard opened with prayer. Francis Cleveland read the Declaration of Independence. Then there were salvos of Artillery, which were always fired directly after the reading of "the Declaration," a defiance to old King George. Edward Hamilton delivered the oration. John H. Thornton and Henry Jeffords marshalled the procession, and they marched to a grove just south of the late residence of John P. Terry. Cornelius McCoy furnished the dinner. William Oldfield and Roswell Crain presided by turns. There were 120 at the table, among them were several Revolutionary Soldiers and some strangers. There was an amateur choir and ladies were present. There were thirteen regular toasts and 24 volunteer toasts. Among those who participated in the dinner were, Azel Glover, James W. Davis, M. 43. Ross, J. L. McVey, George Corwine, John Lawson, R. R. Peebles, brother of John G., Gen. Wm. Kendall, M. 0. Reeves, E Gunn, Robert Montgomery, Jacob Offnere Francis Cleveland, Henry Cooper, Elljah Glover, John R. Turner, James Young, Z. P. Flower, George McCague, who each and all responded to volunteer toasts. Five of these were in honor of Henry Clay. There were many references afterwards to this celebration, and future generations in Portsmouth, regarded it as the greatest celebration which had ever taken place. INDFPENDENCE DAYS - 347 July 4, 1838, the 62nd anniversary of the Independence of the United States, was duly celebrated in Portsmouth. The people met at 10:30 at the Court House. This was the present Court House. Rev. Nairn prayed, Captain Cleveland read the Declaration, and Benjamin Ramsey delivered the oration. Colonel John Row marshaled the procession to Waller's Woods. The dinner was prepared by John Watson, and as usual there were thirteen regular toasts. The volunteer toasts were by William Oldfield, George Corwine, William V. Peck, B. Kepner, C. 0. Tracy, Edward Hamilton, Benjamin Ramsey, Thomas Sterne, Elijah Glover, R. H. Patillo, W. P. Camden and W. S. Belt, a on of Judge Levin Belt, a teller in the bank. Mr. Ramsey's oration was published in the Tribune of July 10th, by request. July 4, 1839, the Sunday Schools celebrated Independence Day in Portsmouth. Addresses were made by Rev. A. Brown, Rev. E. Burr and Rev. W. Simmons. Edward Hamilton read the Declaration of Independence. There was a basket dinner for the first time in Portsmouth John Kennedy Lodwick, John B. Davis and James McDowell, who were then lads, carried the banner in the procession. July 4. 1840, there were two celebrations, one by the Franklin Institute" at the Court House, where 0. F. Moore delivered an oration; and the other by the Mechanics." The latter formed a procession at the Market House under charge of Captain Samuel Huston, Marshal and Elihu Cook, assistant; and with the Portsmouth band went to Waller's Woods, where A. C. Davis read the Declaration and W. R. Holmes delivered the oration. Thomas Lloyd of the Exchange furnished the dinner. July 4, 1842, the Sunday Schools again celebrated the day. They assembled at the Methodist Church and marched to the woods, where the Declaration was read by A. C. Davis, and William E. Williams delivered, the oration. William Newman presided and there were thirteen toasts as usual. July 4, 1846, there was tiring of guns all day. The Portsmouth Guards, Captain P. Kinney went to the woods in the forenoon, returned to the U. S. hotel and listened to an oration by Col. 0. F. Moore; they also had a dinner prepared by Colonel Graham. At 6 P. M. they went to L. N. Robinson's, where the ladies of the town had an entertainment. There were speeches, rockets, tire balloons, etc. The Washington Guards, Captain Reiniger, drilled during the day and went to a ball in the evening at the National Hotel. The Washington Dragoons, a horse company, paraded during the day. A Rifle Company from Lucasville under Captain Morgan was in town. There were 800 to 1,000 people in the town from adjoining towns. One young man got drunk and was sent to what was called "the Cowhorn tavern," a substitute of that day, for the County jail. July 4, 1849, the people of Portsmouth were holding their breath on account of cholera, and there was no public celebration. The Washington Guards turned out and paraded and so did Captain Clark's Company of Horses. July 4, 1850, the Portsmouth Guards paraded and marched to Morgan's Grove, where the Declaration was read by Samuel Riggs. An address was made by Lieutenant 0. F. Moore. A collation was spread and toasts were drank with lemonade. There was platoon firing, and the ladies were present. On returning the ladies were invited to march to town inside of a hollow square, formed by the Guards. The invitation was accepted by several and one lady carried a musket. Her name has not been preserved. In the afternoon the Sunday Schools met at the Methodist Church where addresses were delivered and afterwards the children went to the Kentucky hills. The steamers "Whiteman" and "Resort," with a band on the former, brought down a ' party of Kentuckians, who took dinner at the Franklin House. Between 4 and 5 P. M. "the Raging Tads," a party of maskers arranged in fantastic style, paraded east of the U. S. Hotel. The roll of this organization, composed of awfur names, was called. They shouted "We eat all we kill," and pretended to be Cannibals. At this remote period, it will be proper to say that Squire Hall, then a youth, was the leading spirit in the organization. July 4. 1851, began the fashion of basket picnics in the Country on Independence Day, and many parties went out picnicing on that day. The Portsmouth Guards paraded. They marched down town and took dinner at Huston's Hotel. Lieutenant 0. F. Moore and John R. Turner made addresses, 348 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. The Washington Guards, a German Company, Captain C. F. Reiniger, Sr., paraded and drilled. In the afternoon the "Earthquakes" turned out in grotesque costumes. Preparatory to the celebration of the 4th of July, 1858, the soldiers of the Revolution were invited to unite in the 82nd anniversary on the 4th of July next. Whether this was intended as ironical or not, we do not know, as we are not aware of any who were living at that time. July 4, 1858, came on Sunday, and Saturday was observed. There was a grand celebration. On Friday evening, July 2nd, a delegation came from Chillicothe with some of their firemen. Mayor Kerr welcomed them, and Col. W. E. Gilmore of Chillicothe responded. Saturday, the 3rd of July, was a beautiful day. It was ushered in by salvos of artillery. Fire Company No. marched to Mr. Malcomb's in the morning and received a present of a flag from the ladies. Mrs. Stone presented the flag. W. S. Huston responded. The No. 2's went to P. C. Kinney's, Fourth and Court, where a banner was presented to them. Mrs. P. C. Kinney presented it. James A. Farden responded. A procession was formed on Market and Second streets, as follows: 1. The Mayor and Councilmen of Chillicothe and Portsmouth. 2. The Clergymen and the Press. 3. The Portsmouth Light Artillery. 4. Washington Guards, John A. Turley, Marshal and Staff. 5. Citizens and strangers. 6. The Chillicothe firemen. 7. The Portsmouth firemen, of four companies. John L. Ward, Chief Marshal. The route of the march was from Market to Sixth, Sixth to Court, up Court to Seventh, up Seventh to Chillicothe, Chillicothe .to Front, Front to Madison, Madison to Second, and from Second to "the Fair Grounds." There was an arch on Second street where there were thirteen Misses, representing the thirteen original states, and Miss Irene Huston representing the Goddess of Liberty. At "the Fair Grounds" there was prayer by Rev. E. P. Pratt. R. H. Shannon read the Declaration. The Light Artillery then fired 33 guns one for each state, then music, then an oration by George Turner, followed by music. An address was read to the Firemen, by John Locke. It was written by Henry Hope and was a poem. Then there was a public dinner. Jim Hannahs was the cook. Plates were set for 1,500. There were thirteen regular toasts and four volunteer toasts, responded to by W. E. Gilmore, L. N. Robinson, W. C. Hood, and others. The Fire Companies and Councilmen footed the bill. Department, No. 1, $83.00; No. 2, $223; No. 3, $100.00; No. 4, $52.00; City Council, $400. Total, $858. It was the greatest celebration of the day ever held in Portsmouth. 500 pounds of roast beef, 45 pounds of boiled ham, 10 roast pigs, 2 roast sheep, 200 pounds of baked fresh fish, 700 loaves of bread, 500 pies, 200 pounds of cheese, 50 pounds of cakes, and 2,000 sugar cakes were consumed. It is said that the uniforms of the firemen and the military men were perfectly dazzling. The girls of the day have not recovered from that celebration yet. It is now related that Jim Hannahs ate so much that day that he has not been hungry since. July 4, 1861, there was a grand military parade in the forenoon, under Brigadier-General Peter Kinney. "The Dragoons" were commanded by Captain Joe Vern, the Artillery by Captain Martin Moister, the Kinney Light Guards by Captain Earl, the Third Ward Home Guards by Captain Sampson E. Varner, Steuben Guards by Captain C. F. Reiniger, the Independent Rifles by Captain Brunner, the Fourth Ward Home Guards by Captain Bentley, Huston's Company, by Captain Bill Huston, the Portsmouth Zouaves by Lieutenant Goldrick, the Portsmouth Rifles by Captain Hope, the Junior Zouaves by Captain Huston and the Portsmouth Cadets by Captain Jack Lewis. They numbered abut 600 and paraded the streets, and then on Front street they engaged in firing. The day was clear and beautiful throughout. July 4, 1862, Portsmouth tried to have a celebration but failed. Lucasville had a great one at Dugan's Grove. There was an address by Lieut.-Colonel Moore and also by Henry Jeffords. There were bands of music, dancing, etc., and a number of Sunday Schools were present. There is no account of any celebration on the 4th of July: 1863. INDEPENDENCE DAYS - 349 July 4, 1864, was celebrated by a dinner to the returned soldiers of the 56th 0. V. I. at Massie Hall, This was a Public dinner and reception. The returning veterans paraded the street. A great many people came down on the noon train, on the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad. They assembled at the lower Market House. Cononel Kinney presided, and speeches were made by Hon. Eli Glover, Col. J. R. Hurd and Dan McFarland. Then they went to Massie Hall and had dinner, which was gotten up by John Vetter. There were two saloon fights on account of war feeling, while the dinner was going on. William Lloyd beat up a countryman named Slocum and Frank Wear struck Lieutenant H. Lantz of the 56th Ohio, with a sling shot. John L. Ward, acting marshal undertook to arrest them and he was struck with a stone. The political feeling was high. The 56th 0. V. I. left the Massie Hall and put an end to the disorder. Captain Henry E. Jones made a speech at the 56th 0. V. 1. dinner. July 4, 1871, cannon were fired at midnight. There was a band of music paraded the streets at 5 A. M., at which time the City firemen paraded. It rained most of the day and the firemen occupied Wilhelm's Hall or Opera House, all day for their pleasure. July 4, 1876, was the hundredth anniversary of Independence Day and the Centennial Fourth was celebrated in Music Hall, a temporary structure on Chillicothe street. The following was the program: Music, prayer by Rev. E. P. Pratt, Patriotic Ode, Introductory Address, N. W. Evans, Introductory Address in German by Prof. Carl Huber, Music, Reading of the Declaration, W. W. Monroe, Centennial Poem; J. W. Fulton, Oration, Hon. Wells A. Hutchins, Music, Historical Address, Rev. J. T. Franklin, Music, History of the County. Elijah Glover, Doxology, Benediction by Rev. C. W. Bethauser. The programme was carried out to the letter, but the attendance was not as it should have been for the hundredth anniversary. The people who ought to have been there were picnicing in the country, but those who were present were brimful and running over with patriotism, and those attending made up for those who were absent. July 4, 1890, was formally celebrated in Portsmouth. At 5 P. M. gun firing began and 42 guns were fired at intervals of five minutes. There was a parade at 9 in the morning in seven divisions: 1. The City Police, Civic Band, River City Dragoons, with Creed Milstead, Grand Marshal. 2. The Soldiers of the Civil War under Captain Cole Gillilan. 3. The Sons of Veterans under Filmore Musser, Colonel. 4. The uniformed secret societies preceded by the Jackson band, A. L. Sanford, Colonel. 5. The Winchester band followed by non-uniformed secret societies, W. A. Connelley, Colonel. 6. Division, State troops under Col. A. C. Thompson. 7. This Division was commanded by Colonel Stanton, embracing the City and County officials, members of the Press, visitors and citizens. The parade extended to the Fair Grounds on Robinson Avenue. On the Fair Grounds there were prize drills, potato race, chasing of greased pigs, sack race and wheelbarrow race. In the evening there were fire works, and a company of Zouaves from Cincinnati were present, also the Champion City Guards of Springfield and the Ohio State University Cadets. July 4, 1892, the government building was dedicated in the City of Portsmouth. At sunrise 44 guns were fired. At 9:30 in the morning there was a procession from the lower Market space to the government building, military, labor and civil societies, firs department, city authorities, etc. At the government building there was a patriotic song, followed by prayer by the Rev. D. S. Tappan, D. D., an address of welcome by Mayor Henry Hall, an address by Hon. A. C. Thompson, music. Declaration of Independence read by Hon. J. W. Newman, music, address by Hon. Charles H. Grosvenor. The Grand Army of the Republic, the Sons of Veterans, Company H., were in the procession. There were fire works at night on the river front, not less than thirty pieces. in the afternoon there was a balloon ascension and fire works. July 4, 1896, the day was fully observed. The fire department paraded at 8:30 in the morning. At 10 A. M. the grand parade started from Market 350 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. street. One hundred wheelmen with decorated wheels headed the parade. This included the Portsmouth Cycling Club, the Scioto Club of ladies and visiting wheelmen. Then the Marshal walking and the City Police, the River City band, Company H., 14th 0. V. I., Alcazar Temple, D. 0. K. K. The Tenth Regiment Uniformed Knights of Pythias with a band of field officers, Knights of St. John, Junior order of Americans, Mechanics with a float, the Engineers, machinists, cigar makers, bricklayers and carpenters followed, with a band, the City Offrcials were in carriages, followed by citizens in carriages. After the parade Hon. James W. Newman delivered an address at the Gallia street plaza. In the afternoon there were games at the ball park and fair grounds, and band music at Tracy Park, Gallia street plaza and at the Market street esplanade. At 5 P. M. all the bands met at the Gallia street plaza and marched to the esplanade where they played Sousa's grand march. At 6:30 P. M. the firemen made a run to Second and Chillicothe street. At 7 P. M. there was a band concert on Market street, when the Uniformed Knights of Pythias gave their silent drill. At 8 P. M. there were fire works on the river front, "Welcome to Portsmouth," "The Bicycle Rider" and "Good Night" were given. July 4, 1898, was ushered in by the ringing of bells, firing of cannons and by bonfires at York Place. "Little Mac" the cannon was kept going all day and seven kegs of powder were used up. Early in the morning the four Portsmouth bands played in different parts of the City, and at 9:30 in the morning they met at the lower Market space. At 10:30 there was a public meeting at Tracy Square. W. F. Genheimer read the Declaration of Independence and Theodore F. Davidson delivered the oration. There were excursions frm adjacent towns. In the afternoon news was received of Admiral Sampson's victory over the Spanish Admiral, Cervera and the town went wild. At 6:30 there was a procession of five bands, the police and the Uniformed Red Men in honor of Sampson's Victory. There were fireworks in the evening. One of the set pieces was a picture of Admiral Dewey, another the American Eagle, and the last was the bombardment of Manila. Notable Trials. The issue of the Portsmouth Times of April 25, 1850, gives an account of Samuel Morgan, of this county, who murdered his wife May 5, 1857. Morgan was a tough citizen who lived a mile or two above Franklin Furnace, up the branch. Morgan was forty-five, a brute and a bully. He was wretchedly poor and a great fighter. He liked to fight those who offended him. When the news of the murder was gut, the body of his wife was found in an out house, with her head beaten to a jelly and covered with blood. He had come home, drunk, beaten his wife with a club, and after killing her, dragged her body with a log chain to a fire and tried to burn it and then left it in an out house and went away. Morgan was arrested and brought before Squire Samuel Gould, father of Orin B. Gould. At the next term, Morgan was indicted. Owing to the feeling against him it was difficult to obtain a jury. The jury was as follows: 1. Garrett Newman. 2nd. Jesse Vulgamore. 3rd. Alex Oliver. 4th. Francis Henry. 5th. Jonathan Tracy. 6th. John Hazelbaker. 7th. Joab Freeman. 8th. William Holt. 9th. Robert H. Thompson. 10th. Nicholas Nail. 11th. Fred J. Griffith. 12th. John Basham. John Cook was sheriff and the jury was boarded at the Franklin House. Martin Crain was prosecutor, assisted by Colonel 0. F. Moore. Edward W. Jordan John W. Collings and Thomas McCauslen defended. Honorable W. V. Peck was judge. The court house was crowded and the ladies attended The trial was ably conducted on both sides. Ed. Jordan referred to the thirst for the prisoner's blood and said that this same feeling controlled by reason was responsible for the Sam Morgan's of society. The jury was out but a short time and returned with a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree. A motion for a new trial was overruled. The judge sentenced him to be hung September 24, 1858, between nine A. M. and four P. M. The Portsmouth Artillery Company, Captain W. C. Appler guarded the jail. Morgan hung himself in jail. Squire Henry Hall and John J. McFarlin took him down. February 12, 1862, William P. Martin replevined a cat of Giles Gilbert. The case was tried before the mayor and a jury; C. C. Hyatt, John Neill, Wash- BIBLE SOCIETY - 351 ington Kinney, William Newman and Philip Kelley. Henry A. Towne for Plaintiff. John W. Collings for Defendant. The cat was brought into court. The witnesses for plaintiff were Lewis C. Barber, John Reider, John Sullivan, and William Stewart. All testified the cat belonged to Martin. Giles Gilbert, Jr., William Gilbert, John P. Terry, William McFarland, C. E. Rase, John Suter, John McFarlin, J. C. Gilbert witnesses for defendant were all sure the cat belonged to Gilbert. The cat was appraised at ten dollars. The costs were thirty-four dollars and twenty-five cents. February 19, 1862, the Tribune gave an account of the Cat Case: The Cat really belonged to Gilbert. Martin's cat had "absquatulated." John T. Miller was a clerk for Martin and occupied a column in the Times about the case. McFarland came back with the cat in the Tribune of February 26th. The case is said to have cost William P. Martin $97.00. Giles Gilbert stated that the cat was worth ten dollars and the jury awarded that sum. Gilbert did not intend to defend the suit, but on persuasion from John W. Collings, did so. After the trial the cat came back to Gilbert's and remained. Martin did not try to reclaim it. He remained on good terms with Gilbert after the suit. An account of the trial was published in the London Times. Gilbert raised the cat. Martin's cat had been gone six months before the suit. The Times in its article about the case was very funny and closed its piece with the word—"Scat!" April 2, 1862 - State vs. W. S. McLean, murder in the first degree. Those on the jury were: James M. Oliver, Peter H. Brown, M. G. Nichols, Joseph Throckmorton, Thomas Brown, Matthew Burris, Joseph Pearce, Debo V. Larkin, Joseph Tracy, James J. Densmore, Aaron Noel, John Thomas. A. J. Enslow, Nathaniel Rice, Dr. C. M. Finch, Mary Cooper, W. D. Wilcox, J. D. Merrill, Susan McNeal, Sidney Patton, John H. Lee, Andy Henler, John Wolf, Uriah Whlte and George Sturdy were among the witnesses for the State. Those for the defense were: Doctor Tyrrel, Judge Cranston, Eli McLean, Anna McLean and Henry McLean. The jury returned a verdict of-"not guilty." The accused was about twenty-four years old. Silas D. Powell and two children were blown up and killed. March 11, 1874 - Daniel Pursell vs Doctor William J. McDowell. Malpractice. $5,000.00 damages for not setting the plaintiff's shoulder properly. The plaintiff's shoulder properly. The plaintiff claimed he was treated for a fractured arm when it was dislocation of the shoulder. The defendant claimed that the result was due to the plaintiff's disregard of directions while the healing process was going on. The verdict was $5.00 for the plaintiff. This is remarkable as the verdict should have been for some considerable sum or for the defendant. July 1, 1874, Doctor McDowell moved for a new trial. It was refused. He then took a second trial uuder the statute and it was had at June 1, 1874, and resulted in a verdict for $359.00 which he paid. Doctor McDowell claimed he was Doctor Finch's patient and Doctor Finch denied it. Doctor McDowell also claimed that at the time Pursell came to him, it was impossible to determine the injury and the treatment and that Pursell disobeyed directions and brought about the result. Olive Applegate vs W. Kinney & Company, on a certificate of deposit with W. Kinney & Company, to hold as quasi partners twenty persons formerly stockholders in the Iron National Bank. Many like suits were depending on this. The plaintiff sued on a certificate of deposit for $424. Hutchins and Bannon for the plaintiff. Thompson, Searl, Evans and 0. F. Moore for the defendant. The case was tried at great length. Colonel Moore argued three full days for the defendant. The case resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff for the full amount claimed against all the defendants. Afterwards these defendants raised and paid $20,000.00 for the creditors and were released from all claims. January 31, 1880 - Before Nelson W. Evans, United States Commissioner. The United States vs. Andrew Pieron for violation of the civil rights law in refusing to furnish Pharaoh L. McDaniels a meal in his restaurant. The Scioto County Bible Society was organized February 18, 1830, at the Presbyterian Meeting House. At the meeting for organization, Ezra Osborn was President of the meeting and John Peebles Secretary. Samuel Gunn, John C. Ashley and Ezra Osborn 352 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. were appointed a Committee to draft a Constitution and report at an adjourned meeting on the first Monday in March. November 26, 1854, the Society met. John McDowell was President. Rev. J. P. Roberts addressed the meeting, also Rev. Mabee, Rev. W. N. Spahr and Rev. E. P. Pratt. The collection was $97.44, of which $30.00 was to make Rev. E. P. Pratt, a life member. Rev. Erastus Burr, D. D. was made President. This was the first time he was referred to as D. D. in the newspapers. The following were elected: Vice Presidents—George Herod, James S. Fuller, Josiah Merril, B. B. Gaylord and John B. Dodds. Rev. E. P. Pratt was Secretary and John McDowell, Treasurer and Depository. On June 26, 1864, Dr. Burr was still President and Rev. E. P. Pratt, Secretary. S. S. Hard was County Assessor. At this time, it was resolved to have a Depository in every Township. On May 28, 1882, the Society celebrated its forty-fifth anniversary, so stated, which would date its organization to 1837. Dr. Burr was President and Dr. Pratt, Secretary. Rev. J. W. Dillon addressed the meeting. Bibliography. "The Autobiography of Dan Young, a New England Preacher of the Olden Time," was edited by W. P. Strickland, and published in 1860, by Carlton and Porter, 200 Mulberry street, New York. Rev. Dan Young located in Scioto County in 1820. He leaves out of his book what would most interest persons of this time, and it is largely an account of his feelings, his emotions, his fears and hopes, from a religious point of view. He could have told of the early developments of the County and its people, but he gives but very little of that. He was an interesting character for his time, and was a power in the community and the church. He has a sketch in this work. In 1868, E. E. Ewing issued the "Story of the Ninety-first." It was a poem of 25 pages read at a re-union of the Ninety-first 0. V. I., held at Portsmouth, Ohio, April 8, 1868. "Religion and the Reign of Terror, or the Church During the French Revolution." Prepared from the French of M. Edmond De Pressense, author of "Jesus Christ, son temps, sa vie, son ocurve," and "Editor of La Revue Chretienne," by Rev. John P. Lacroix, A. M. "God is as necessary as liberty to the French people."—Mirabeau. "Free Church. Free State."—Cavour. New York: Carlton & Lanahan. Cincinnati: Hitchcock & Walden, 1869. "The Problem of Evil." Translated from the French of M. Ernest Naville, by John P. LaCroix, Professor in the Ohio Wesleyan University. New York, Carlton & Lanahan. San Francisco, E. Thomas. Cincinnati, Hitchcock & Walden, 1871. "William the Taciturn." Translated by J. P. LaCroix. From the French of L. Abelous. "No man, not even Washington, has ever been inspired by a purer patriotism."—Motley. New York: Nelson & Phillips. Cincinnati: Hitchcock & Walden. 1872. "The Life of Rudolf Stier." (From German Sources) by John P. LaCroix. "The best home for the soul is in that church where there is the least talk of the church, and the most of Christ." (p. 296). New York. Nelson & Phillips. Cincinnati, Hitchcock & Walden, 1874. "Antiquities of Portsmouth and Vicinity, with Some Speculations upon the Origin and Destiny of the Mound Builders," by G. S. B. Hempstead, A. M., M. D., Portsmouth, Ohio. McFarland & Elick, 1875. 8vo. pp. 19. (Only two hundred copies printed. The author surveyed and platted all the works in the vicinity of Portsmouth as early as 1835, and had been an interested student of the mound builders and their works since 1812.) "The Topography and Diseases of Scioto County, Ohio," by G. S. B. Hempstead, 8vo. pp. 36. (no pl., no date.) "Christian Ethics," by Dr. Adolf Wuttke, Late Professor of Theology at Halle. With a special preface by Dr. Riehm, Editor of the "Studien and Kritiken." Translated by John• P. LaCroix. Volume I. History of Ethics. New York, Nelson & Phillips. Cincinnati, Hitchcock & Walden, 1876. "Christian Ethics," by Dr. Adolf Wuttke, late Professor of Theology at Halle. With an introduction by Dr. W. F. Warren of the Boston University. BIBLIOGRAPHY - 353 Translated by John P. LaCroix. Volume II. Pure Ethics. New York, Nelson & Phillips. Cincinnati, Hitchcock & Walden, 1876. "Outlines of Christian Ethics," by John P. LaCroix, Professor in the Ohio Wesleyan University. New York, Phillips & Hunt. Cincinnati, Hitchcock & Walden, 1879. September 10, 1879, the venerable Doctor Hempstead had just completed a pamphlet entitled "History and Development of the American Continent." It was published as a' serial by the Portsmouth Tribune. It began September 17, 1879. April 3, 1880, James Keyes published a small book of 121 pages, entitled, "Pioneers of Scioto County," being a short Biographical sketch of some of the First Settlers of Scioto County, Ohio, comprising such historical matter and anecdotes of the early settlement of the County as could be collected at the present time. He sold it at 25 cents per copy. The Volume is in double column and was originally published in the Portsmouth Republican, in the period from 1875 to 1880. The writer could not find any bound volumes of that paper anywhere, nor copies for that matter. The sketches of the French Settlers in Green and Porter Townships in the French Grant used by Mr. Keyes were first published in the Ironton Register, in 1855, and as to these he admits he copied from Prof. J. P. LaCroix. Mr. Keyes admits that out of respect to the feelings, of the surviving children and friends much had to be suppressed. Mr. Keyes' book is invaluable as he has preserved many facts which otherwise at this time would be utterly lost. It is a great pity Mr. Keyes did not write up all the pioneers of Scioto County. Had he done so, much inter-• esting matter now lost, would have been preserved. "The Battlefield Reviewed" was published in 1883, at Chicago, by the author Rev. Landon Taylor, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It contains a narrative of his life, which included a ministry of forty years, four years of which was in Southern Ohio. It is full of readable reminiscences and the account he gives of his life and experience in Scioto County is quite interesting. He located in Scioto County in 1834. He was the father of Doctor James L. Taylor, of Wheelersburg, Ohio, and his mortal part rests in the Wheelersburg Cemetery. "Arbitration between Capital and Labor, a History and an Argument," by Daniel J Ryan of Columbus, Ohio, was published by A. H. Smythe, in 1885. "A Life History Consisting of Incidents and Experiences in the Life of George B. Crane with Comments on a Variety of Topics." Written by himself for the information and entertainment of his family and descendants. San Jose, Mercury Print, 1886. Dr. Crane once practiced medicine in Lucasville and afterwards at Wheelersburg. "A History of Ohio, with Biographical Sketches of her Governors and the Ordinance of 1787," by Daniel J. Ryan, was published in Columbus, Ohio, in 1888, by A. H. Smythe. "The Scioto Company and its Purchase." An address by Daniel J. Ryan, at the Centennial of Gallipolis, Ohio, October 19, 1890, was published in Volume 3, Ohio Archaeological Society,. pp. 109 to 140. "History of the Secoud Regiment West Virginia Cavalry Volunteers during the 'War of the Rebellion," by J. J. Sutton late a private of the Regiment. Portsmouth, Ohio, 1892. "The Milliad (1,000 verses)—A Poem of Justice and Liberty, an Epic of the Ages as also of the United States," by James L. Treuthart, B. L. "Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." Published for the author by The Argyle Press. 1894. In October, 1895, Nelson W. Evans published "General Putnam's Wolf Hunt." It appeared in Putnam's Magazine. Volume 5, Number 10, published at Salem, Mass. June 4. 1898, Doctor James L. Taylor, A. M., M. D., of Wheelersburg, read before the American Academy of Medicine, a paper entitled "The Amount of Work the Growing Brain Should Undertake." It was printed in the Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine. Volume 3, Number 9. It has been reprinted in a pamphlet of 14 pages. In 1899, E. E. Ewing published "Bugles and Bells or Stories told Again" including the story of the Ninety-first, Reunion Poems and Sacred Tributes. Curts & Jennings of Cincinnati were the publishers. 354 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. "Typhoid Fever, a Quarter of a Century's Experience Therewith," with reference to some unsolved problems, by James L. Taylor, M. D., of Wheelersburg, Ohio, was reprinted from the Journal of the American Medical Association, September 2, 1899, and also by the Chicago Medical Association Press, 1899. In December, 1900, Nelson W. Evans issued his "History of Adams County, Ohio." It had a joint editorship Hon. Emmons B. Stivers, of Brown County, Ohio, being associated with him in the work. The volume is of 946 pages and has 100 illustrations. The edition was limited to 541 copies. "The Expansion of the American People, Social and Territorial," by Professor Edwin Erie Sparks, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of American History in the University of Chicago, was published in 1900, in Chicago. "History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry" during the War of the Rebellion 1861 to 1865, together with more than thirty personal sketches of officers and men, by John K. Duke, Company F, 53rd 0. V. I. The Blade Printing Company, Portsmouth, Ohio, were the publishers, 1900. "Nullification in Ohio," an essay by Hon. Dan J. Ryan, was published in 1900, in Volume 2, p. 413, of the publication of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society. Professor Edwin Erie Sparks also published another book in 1901, entitled "The Men Who Made The Nation." The MacMillan Company of New York and London, were the publishers. In the December (1901) number of the Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine, Dr. James L. Taylor of Wheelersburg, has an article entitled, "A Suppressed Educational Problem." It occupies eight pages. Louis N. Bishop, a native of Portsmouth, Ohio, but now a citizen of Cincinnati, Ohio, is the author of the "Modern Designer", a book showing the natural way of producing garments which are perfectly balanced, stylish and graceful. The book is protected by copyright. Mr. Bishop has been a designer of men's and boys' clothing for some time. He has made quite a reputation in his art, and is giving instructions in designing. His book is purely and entirely technical, and for the use only of those who design and cut garments, but rt is unique in its way. Nothing of the kind has heretofore appeared, and it has been favorably received by the trade. Mr. Bishop is at present connected with the house of Sanford, Storrs & Varner, Third and Race streets, Cincinnati, Ohio, but his skill and ability bid fair to give him a National reputation in his business. "From Charter to Constitution," by Hon. Dan J. Ryan, was published in Volume 5, of the Ohio Archaeological Society, pp., 7 to 13. Rev. J. D. Herron has composed and published the following music: Two Christmas Carols: "I Know, I Know," and "0 Ring. Glad Bells." They were published by W. A. Pond & Company of New York. "Communion Service, in A, Flat," was published by Church & Company of New York. "Benedicte, 1 and 2", were published by himself. Accidental and sudden Deaths. 1. Whole number - 282 2. Persons under age - 104 3. Persons of full age - 136 4. Persons of unknown age - 136 5. Died in the City of Portsmouth - 83 6. Died in the county (outside of Portsmouth - 197 7. Drownings   - 82 8. Suicides - 23 9. Deaths by explosions - 14 10. Children burned - 15 11. Deaths by careless handling of fIre arms   - 18 12. Murders - 9 13. Deaths due to operation of steam railroads - 43 14. Deaths due to horse cars - 1 15. Deaths due to electric cars - 5 16. Deaths due to intoxication - 6 17. Numher of males killed - 223 18. Number of females killed - 59 19. Deaths due to horses - 13 20. Deaths due to cattle - 0 21. DrownIngs in the Ohio - 43 22. " Scioto - 16 23. " Little Scioto - 3 24. “ in Pine Creek - 3 25. “ in Brush Creek - 1 26. “ in the Canal - 3 27. Adults burned - 1 28. Killed by bicycle - 1 29. Killed by machinery - 2 30. Deaths due to poison - 2 The editor prepared a list of the deaths of this description from June 1865 to November 9, 1801, made up from the newspapers in Scioto County, giving the particulars in each case, but when the article was completed it was so MAP OF RIVER HILLS KENTUCKY MOUND BUILDERS - 355 grewsome he suppressed it, and has only given the statistics tabulated from it. The article if published would have been in exceedingly bad taste and would have harrowed up the feelings of many of the readers of the Book. It was a record of pitiful suicides, of children neglected and exposed to the perils of fire and of the rivers surrounding the city and through and adjoining the county, of inexcusable recklessness in the handling of fire arms and machinery. It was projected with the idea that its publication would tend to guard against and prevent similar catastrophes, but the editor has come to the conclusion, that if Saint Lazarus himself, would come back and warn the people, it would have no effect, and having worried with the printers in getting out this work till he has lost a temper as serene as Lazarus was supposed to have had, he has concluded his warnings would be of no use. From now till the end of the world children will be left alone and burned up, small boys will steal away from home and be drowned, muzzles of guns and pistols, supposed to be unloaded, will be pointed in fun and deal a death discharge in earnest. Men and women will be careless with rapid and powerful machinery, young girls will continue to pour coal oil from filled cans on lighted fires and the electric cars will make their usual slaughtering of the innocents. As yet the automobile has not done its deadly work in the county, but its time is at hand. The one person who owed his death to horse cars was Charles Good, aged nine years, run over October 13, 1882. The Mound Builders. The following are extracts from a pamphlet published in 1888 by Dr. G. S. B. Hempstead, entitled The Mound Builders." A particular and minute description of the ancient earthworks in Portsmouth, Ohio, by Dr., G. S. B. Hempstead, M. D., April, 1883. Printed by the Blade Publishing Co., 1883, Portsmouth, Ohio. No earth works like those in the Ohio Valley are found in any other part of the known world. The mounds which stood on the site of the Children's Home with the parallel mounds to the southeast and southwest and to the northwest may be designated as follows: The works, designated for convenience as the Citadel, are located--partly on the ground of the Children's Home and partly on the grounds west and north. The Citadel is surrounded by an earthen wall, three feet high with four openings or gateways, northeast; northwest, southeast and southwest. This circle is six hundred feet in diameter and incloses four horseshoe mounds. The two larger are parallel to each other and the two smaller located on either side of the gateway, to the southeast. The eastern large horseshoe mound in the Children's Home grounds is well preserved. The western large horseshoe mound has been plowed down. The two larger horseshoe mounds are one hundred and fifty feet across the heel of the shoe and from heel to toe about one hundred and sixty feet and twelve feet high. The two smaller are ten feet aoross the heel, twelve feet from heel to toe and three feet high with the toe placed close to the inside of the surrounding wall on either side of the southeast opening. It is supposed that the horse shoe mounds were foundations of buildings of some sort, forming a tent or tabernacle opening to the south. The smaller mounds were probably sentry boxes to prevent improper persons from entering. To the southeast were parallel wall mounds, extending to the Temple mound across the Ohio river, in Kentucky. The Temple mound in Kentucky was at the end of the parallel mounds on walls extending from the Citadel. It was twenty feet high, surrounded by segments of three circles with an inner ditch, continuous except at the main entrance on the west side. Three entrance ways go in at right angles to the inner ditch which keep all intruders out except from the west side. The level within the ditch and around the mound is one hundred and fifty feet inside. This mound was surveyed and platted by Captain Francis Cleveland and was then in a good state of preservation. The mound and surroundings are nearly destroyed. The mound itself is but six feet high aud the segments are uearly destroyed, barely traceable. There was a graded way around the mound by easy ascent tp the top. The mound is not round, but truncated, longest east and west. There Is a mound west of the Temple mound. in a good state of preservation. The ditch about it is fifteen feet wide, from the bottom to the top of the outside 356 - HISTORY OF SCIOTO COUNTY. wall, which surrounds it, and which is three feet high. The mound is six feet high and approached from a gateway to the south. West of this mound is a six-sided figure nearly destroyed. There is a mound west of the six-sided figure which is in the forest and is well preserved. The parallels from the Citadel to the Temple mound have no breach except the Ohio River. The Children's Home stands on an elevation of twelve feet, the work of the Mound Builders, which has one fourth of an acre level on top. One arm extends from this elevation to the east, in a circle, and extends to the Kendall mound which has neither ditch nor embankments. North of the Citadel mound is a circle consisting of a ditch and embankments, the ditch on the inside, and embankment three feet high with an opening to the north. The circle is three feet ln diameter. Southwest of the Citadel is a graded way from the second to the third terrace. Parallels extend from the Citadel to the high bank of the Scioto River. The north wall commences six hundred yards west of the Citadel in a circular ending which terminates in a small mound. This north wall passes along the elevation containing the Kinney Grave yard and on to the Chillicothe road near the Briggs Homestead, and here terminates in a circle and large flat mound, near the home, and on the north side of the Spring branch. The southwest parallels run back to the mound six hundred yards, west of the Citadel, and then sweep around to the southwest till near Gallia street, where it goes nearly southwest to the Scioto River and to the north of the parallels leading from the Citadel to the Pleasure mound, in Kentucky. On the south side of the Ohio it appears and continues to the old Fort which we call the Pleasure Grounds. On the west side of Madison street is the usual circle and mound. From the east side of Madison street the southern parallel begins and runs to the place of beginning in Greenlawn Cemetery. In the elbow of these southwest parallels stood the Waller mound, now destroyed, but which stood near the residence of G. H. Heinish. This mound had no ditch or embankment, and a large elm tree grew on the top of it. There were several large and fine springs in the vicinity of this mound. There was one in a well in front of George Davis' residence, one across the street from Irving Drew's residence, and one in front of the George Ball residence, now owned by W. A. Connolley. William Salter had a well near his residence and one existed on the premises of J. B. Green. Back of the Salter property the parallels circled from each other leaving six rods between embankments and then approached to two rods and had two small mounds. The parallels at most places were three rods apart. At the first alley west of Chillicothe street and parallel to it was a square of half an acre with which the walls of the parallels unite. This square connected with the parallels by gate ways and had an opening at the south side. The parallels ran from there crossing Market street near the Catholic Church, through the B. & 0. depot grounds and Captain Moore's Machine Works to the Scioto River, when they disappeared. They had an elbow washed away hut which reappeared on each side of Madison street and ran to the Ohio River where were two mounds. The only gate way in these parallels from the Citadel to the river was on the north side of the square west of Chillicothe street. There was a burying ground at the end of the northwest parallels and also on John D. Feurt's farm, where many bones have been dug up. The old Fort which we shall designate as Pleasure Grounds consists of an irregular square, having two acute and two obtuse angles and containing seventeen acres. It has two arms or wings of parallel embankments extending from the main square northeast and southwest one half mile, containing about ten acres each. These parallels are four rods apart and three feet high, and have a base of thirty feet. These works were not defensive. At the south corner on the outside wall the embankment is only two feet high on the outside and twenty-five feet in the inside. Wild animals would be driven into the square and killed. The wings would afford good courses for foot races. In the great square could be animal fights. It was evidently a pleasure or hunting ground. There is an animal mound on the third terrace on R. H. Hayman's place, circular embankments and a square. It is impossible to determine their uses unless it were a place to store provisions. Mica was discovered when they were excavating for the Ohio Canal. In the corners of the square were discovered evidences of fires. There were mounds and works south to Unionville but they were destroyed before MOUND BUILDERS - 357 surveyed. There is a high mound south of Hygean. It is 225 feet high and oblong from east to west; the south and west sides are abrupt and the east and north are of easy grade. The top is truncated and level. This was a signal station, for from its top alt earth works can be seen from the Scioto Valley. There is a like mound due east across the Scioto. There is an important earth work at Turkey Creek. on the farm of Mitchell Evans. It commences at the river hill north of the Pyles residence and extends diagonally across the Turkey Creek and Ohio Valleys to within a few rods of the bank of the Ohio river. It is two miles in length. twenty to twenty-five feet higfi and six rods wide. It is symmetrical on both sides, from either end and except midway on the north side where are two indentations, half circular, into the side of the bank. On the west end of the southwestern indentation is a large mound standing on the top of the embankment This embankment was an apparent protection from floods or animals. The farm buildings of Mr. Evans are on it and were above the flood of 1883. seven feet Kinney Hill and Bitter Sweet Hill were also supposed to have been signal stations. All of these were artificial constructions. These two hills and Unionville hill contain no rock strata and their outlines indicate artificial construction. The soil is different from the hills on the same level These three hills are supposed to have been erected for burial purposes or to secure treasures. Dr. Hempstead thought their displays in angles, squares and circles were evidence of scientific knowledge and their work evidence of a variety of acquirements and adopted to the uses intended, but we did not know toe use. He thought if a shaft were sunk in Kinney Hill, there would be a remarkable find. [NOTE - This article was submitted to Gerard Fowke, author of "Archaeological History of Ohio." for suggestions and corrections. The Editor is indebted to him for the following: "The Temple mound is still about 15 feet high, though much reduced by cultivation. The graded way to the top seems to have gone directly up on the south side of the mound." "The terms 'Citadel.' 'Pleasure Ground,’ and the like are to be considered only convenient terms. Archaeologists are not ready, yet, to assign such names as indicative of known usages." "The so-called lmounds' at Hygean. Kinney's Hill and Bittersweet Hill, are entirely natural formations, though they may have been slightly dressed off at the summits to subserve some purpose of the builders of the mounds and walls in the vicinity. Stratified rock is to be found in all these hills; that is. if they are hills which have been pointed out to me as bearing these names. Tfie largest mound in Ohio. at Miamisburg, measures 68 feet high." "The embankment at Turkey Creek is a natural formation; the two "indentations" are artificial. however, as is the mound mentioned."—Gerard Fowke]