CHAPTER XXV. THE TOLEDO WAR. AFTER the terrible scourge of Asiatic cholera in 1834, the next subject that aroused public attention in Seneca county, was the question of the northern boundary of Ohio, which became very serious in all its aspects, and threatened to lead to bloodshed between the borderers of Ohio and the territory of Michigan. The subject is nearly lost sight of, and would not be mentioned here because the question in itself had no effect upon Seneca county directly, but when soldiers were called out to protect the citizens. of Ohio along the disputed border, it was found that the disputed line was in the 17th division, in which Major-General John Bell, of Lower Sandusky, was the commanding general, and Seneca county was in one of the brigades in that division, and under, obligations to furnish her quota of the troops called out by Governor Lucas. It therefore became a matter of interest to Seneca county .after all, and especially when about 300 men, " armed and equipped as the law directs," left Tiffin with their baggage and tents in wagons, and provisions for an indefinite time. Colonel Henry C. Brish led these citizen soldiers as their commander, to report to General Bell. John W.. Pattersonwas captain of one company, and John Walker was quartermaster. I remember also that John Adelsberger refused to come to time, and he was arrested and put under ,guard, but they took him along. Some of the officers were only but partly uniformed; the rest marched into line in citizens clothes. Henry Gross was " fife major," and here is a ,copy of his commission: By the confidence I repose in you, Henry Gross, I appoint you fife major of the 3d regiment, 1st batallion, 17th division of the Ohio militia. TIFFIN, 22d April, A. D., 1835.  Personally appeared before me the above named H. Gross, taken the necessary oath of the above office. JAMES BOYD, Colonel 3d regiment, 1st batallion, 17th division. TIFFIN, 22d April, 1835. Henry was a good fifer, and so was Jacob M. Ebert (Bro. Ebert) a very good drummer on the Case drum, and he was likewise appointed THE TOLEDO WAR - 125 drum major. The army left our border, and nothing of any serious nature occurred except one night the Ohio army was aroused from their sleep in the woods and drawn up in line of battle ready to receive the foe " with bloody hands to hospitable graves," (Corwin). Everything was, to be conducted quietly; no fire to be made and no loud word of command to be given. The music was ordered in front to be ready to march at the signal. Now the drum major's memory al to the rules of war became very vitally refreshed, and he insisted that in time of action the position of the music was in the rear. General Brish knew better, and while the drum major had some wags from the rank and file on his side, the General and the staff officers wanted the music in front. So they had it until the rising sun lit up the woods and proved that there was no enemy in sight. It was a false alarm. Another ludicrous incident is told of a remarkable chap in Perrysburg who drummed up recruits, marching LIP and down street while the court was in session. He was a remarkably tall man, and wore a two-story white felt hat, with a narrow brim; but by long use and exposure it had become softened and the crown bulged up so that lit was really two-story and an attic. An ordinary tenor drum by his side looked like a boy's drum. He had a strip of paper with the words, " Recruiting for the war," tied around his tall hat. They called him " Big Odle." Another man carried a flag before him, and thus they marched tip and down this street, passing the court house every few minutes. Judge' Higgins was naturally a little sensative, and bore up with this annoyance as long as he could. Now it got to the boiling point, and the Judge could stand it no longer. He ordered the sheriff to go out and stop that drumming. Odle told the sheriff that he was under orders from Captain Scott to drum for recruits for the war; that in war the military was above the civil authority, and that he would drum until ordered to stop by Captain Scott. The sheriff returned to court and reported accordingly. The Judge's eyes flashed lightning. The sheriff' was ordered to arrest Odle and bring him into court forthwith, and also summon Captain Scott. The order was executed in a few minutes, and " Big Ogle " marched up to the bench with his drum and trimmings. He had on an old rifleman's uniform, of green color, and trimmed with black lace. His pants were of domestic cloth, colored with oak bark, and also trimmed with black lace down the legs. Captain Scott explained the drumming, and informed the Judge that Odle was under orders from him, as instructed by Colonel Van Fleet. He said Governor Lucas was at Spafford's Exchange, and had sanctioned this. drumming before the court commenced, and that the drumming would. 426 - HISTORY OF SENECA COUNTY. be continued until ordered stopped by Colonel Van Fleet or his Excellency. This was too much for the Judge, and he roared out in stentorian tones: " Mr. Sheriff, take Captain Scott and his music organ to jail, and lock them up. Mr. Prosecuting Attorney, draw up an information against these men for contempt of court, and have the case ready for hearing tomorrow morning." Jonas Pratt, the sheriff, started with the men to execute the order. Scott and Odle followed willingly until they came to the corner of the building where a path led to the log jail, on the rear of the lot. Here Scott and Odle squared themselves before the sheriff and refused to go further. Scott told the sheriff that in the emergency of war the military was above the civil power, and that if Judge Higgins would undertake to press this thing any further, he would declare martial law, and do with Judge Higgins as General Jackson did with Judge Hall at New Orleans, and have them both arrested. " That is right; that is right, Captain," said Odle, at the same time doubling up his two hands to about the size of elephant's feet. "That's the way to talk Bully for you, Cap.; stand off, Sheriff." The crowd of bystanders were on the side of war, and the Sheriff was strongly impressed with the idea that Judge Higgins' orders could not be executed just then. He retreated up stairs to the court room and reported accordingly. The Judge never said a word in reply, and continued in the trial of the case on hand as if nothing had happened. Odle slung the drum strap over his neck and continued 'his march as before, hitting his drum with great force on both ends. After some little time the Judge directed the sheriff to find Captain Scott and ask him to be .so good as to take his music to some back street, where it would not disturb the court so much. The trouble of this northern boundary of Ohio originated with the admission of Ohio into the Union, and was caused by an error in the map that placed the southern bend of Lake Michigan too far south. It vexed the convention that formed the constitution, and Congress in admitting Ohio, into the Union. As early as the adoption of the ordinance of July 13th, 1787, providing for a government of the northwestern territory, a provision is made for the northern boundary of states that should thereafter be formed, lying south of a line drawn due east and west from and through the southern bend of Lake Michigan, which east and west line should also be the southern boundary of two states lying north of that line, so that this east and west line finally formed the THE TOLEDO WAR- 427 north line of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and the south line of Michigan and Wisconsin. On the 30th of April, 1802, when Congress passed an act authorizing the people of the territory of Ohio to form a state constitution, they described the northern boundary as follows: On the north by an east and west line drawn through the southern extreme of Lake Michigan, running east after intersecting the due north line from the mouth of the Great Miami, until it shall intersect.Lake Erie, or the territorial line, and thence through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line ; Provided that Congress shall be at liberty, at any time hereafter, either to attach all the territory lying east of the line to be drawn due north from the mouth of the Miami aforesaid, to the territorial line, and north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan, running east, as aforesaid, to Lake Erie, to the aforesaid state, or dispose of it otherwise in conformity to the fifth article of compact between the original states and the people and states to be formed in the territory north of the river Ohio. When the convention at Chillicothe, on the 29th day of November, 1802, adopted the first constitution for Ohio, they gave the state the northern boundary, as contained in the enabling act with this proviso: Provided always, and it is hereby fully understood and declared by this convention, that if the southerly bend or extreme of. Lake Michigan should extend so far south that a line drawn due east from it should not intersect Lake Erie, or if it should intersect the Lake Erie east of the mouth of the Miami river of the lake, then and in that case, with the assent of congress of the United States, the northern boundary of this state shall be established by and extend to a direct line "running from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most northerly cape of the Miami bay, after intersecting the due north line from the mouth of the Great Miami river aforesaid ; thence northeast to the territorial line, and by the said territorial line to the Penn- sylvania line. The reader must be patient in looking over the relation of these old " field notes," for he will not understand this boundary question without. them. When congress, on the 9th of February, 1803, admitted Ohio into the Union, nothing was said about the northern boundary. On the 11 th of January, 1805, congress created.the territory of Michigan, and defined her boundaries as follows: All that part of Indiana territory which lies north of a line drawn east from the southerly bend of Lake Michigan, and until it shall intersect Lake Erie and east of a line drawn from said, southerly bend through the middle of said lake to its northern extremity, and thence due north to the northern extremity of the United States. Substantially reaffirming the original boundary contained in the act authorizing the territory, of Ohio to form a state government. 428 - HISTORY OF SENECA COUNTY. Michigan then also extended her laws to this, its southern boundary line. The whole question, therefore, was to ascertain the exact line drawn east through the southern bend of Lake Michigan. To accomplish this the geographical line in north latitude, minutes and seconds, had to be established with positive certainty. The line the authorities were then talking about was designated on the maps as the " Fulton line," which intersects Lake Erie east of the mouth of the Maumee river, and meets the proviso of the Ohio constitution. It was then ascertained that this east and west line would not intersect the territorial line between the United States and Canada, but cut across the counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga and Ashtabula. The line, therefore, given by congress to Ohio, was an impossible line, owing to a Want of knowledge of the geographical position of Lake Michigan at the time congress passed the enabling act. When the authorities of Ohio ascertained the uncertainty of the northern boundary, they applied to congress for a survey of the line in conformity with the proviso in the constitution of Ohio. In 1812 congress passed a resolution directing the commissioner of the general land office, to cause it to be surveyed, but the war with Great Britain and their northwestern savage allies, prevented it, and the line was not run until the year 1817, when one William Harris, under direction from the general land office, ran the line, and it was afterwards known as the " Harris line:" This survey was reported from the general land office to the executive of Ohio, and ratified by the general assembly of Ohio January 29th, 1818. Applications were then made by Ohio to congress to ratify the Harris line as the northern boundary of Ohio very frequently, but without success, until the events of 1835, so memorable in the conflicts between Ohio and the territory of Michigan. This disputed territory is valuable for its rich and productive farming lands, and the possession of the harbor on the Maumee river, where the Young and flourishing city of Toledo sits in her proud majesty to control things. This strip of land is five miles wide at the west end, and eight miles at the east end. The line was fixed before any other territory was organized and affected by it. Toledo had many names. It was then Swan Creek; afterwards Port Lawrence, then Vistule, now Toledo. The early settlers were satisfied to be in the territory of Michigan. THE TOLEDO WAR - 429 In 1835 the people, who had settled in the Maumee country, became clamorous for the extension of the Ohio canal from Piqua north, and Toledo was made the point of terminus of the canal. Then the Toledo people saw the point and came to the conclusion that they lived in the wrong state; that it Would be to their interest to be Buckeyes. canal changed their allegiance. Now Governor Lucas was urged to .extend the laws of Ohio over this territory in question. On the 23d of February, 1835, the legislature of Ohio passed an act extending the northern boundaries of the counties of wood, Henry and Williams to the Harris line. The Fulton line was the south line and the Harris line the north line of this disputed tract, and Michigan had hitherto extended her territorial jurisdiction to the Fulton line as the southern boundary of Michigan. Wood county had, however, previously levied taxes up to the Harris line, but the people refused to pay them and that ended it. The possession of the harbor at the mouth of Swan creek was then made the burning point, and the talk about " legal rights " was the order of the day. There is no room here for speculation as to what would have been the result had Michigan succeeded. The only object in speaking at length on this subject, now almost forgotten, is to preserve the facts from the tooth of time as long as possible as a point in the history of Ohio, and in which Seneca county took a very active part. We can read and talk about those scenes and times without getting ,excited now, but Ohio was then in her boyhood and Michigan growing up to be a " big wolverine " sometime. Stevens T. Mason, the governor of Michigan territory, was a very young man but as spunky as a rat, and felt himself well protected by his guardian, "Uncle Sam," in his territorial jurisdiction. This law of Ohio, above mentioned, also authorized the governor to appoint three commissioners to re-mark the Harris line. Uri Seely, of Geauga, Jonathan Taylor, of Licking, and John Patterson of Adams, were appointed such commissioners, and April 1, 135, named for the work to commence. Mr. Mason sent a special message to the legislative council of Michigan apprising them of the act of Ohio and advised proceedings to counteract the same. On the 12th of February, 1835, the territorial legislative of Michigan passed an act to fine and imprison any peron to exercise any legal authority in her border, except under the laws of the territory, etc. Now the people within this disputed territory became alarmed, and 430 - HISTORY OF SENECA COUNTY. they were at a loss to know which of the two jurisdictions they had better belong to. They wrote numerous letters to the governors of both jurisdictions, explaining their dangers and their troubles, etc. Among the most distinguished men who looked to Governor Mason for help were J. V. D. Sutphen, Coleman J. Kuler, Cyrus Fisher and Samuel Hemmenway, and those that wanted to be Ohioans counted among their number Andrew Palmer, Stephen B. Comstock, Mayor Stickney, Willard Daniels, George McKay and Dr. Naman Goodsell. Governor Mason wrote to General Brown, who was in command of the third division of the Michigan militia, as follows: EXECUTIVE OFFICE, DETROIT, March 9, 1835. SIR: You will herewith receive the copy of a letter just received, from Columbus. You will now perceive that a collision between Ohio and Michigan is inevitable, and will therefore be prepared to meet the crisis: The governor of Ohio has just issued a proclamations, but I haveneither received it nor been able to learn its tendency. I shall send you such arms as may be necessary for your successful operation without waiting for an order from the secretary of war as soon as Ohio is properly in the field. Till then, I am compelled to await the direction of the war department. Yours, etc., STEVENS T. MASON. GENERAL Jos. W. BROWN. On the 31st of March, Governor Lucas, accompanied by his staff and the boundary commissioners, arrived at Perrysburg on their way to run and re-mark the Harris line, in compliance with the law of the 23d of February previous. General John Bell, in command of the 17th division Ohio militia, embracing the disputed territory, arrived about the same time with his staff, and mustered into the service some 600 men, fully armed and equipped. On his way to Perrysburg, Governor Lucas, with his staff, stopped all night in Fort Ball, at Smith's hotel. They made a very formidable appearance and when General H. C. Brish met them, there was a show of military etiquette, the like of which Seneca county never experienced before. From here the troops from Seneca followed Governor Lucas and met General Bell at Lower Sandusky, from whence they took the line of march for Perrysburg. The Ohio army went into camp at Fort Miami. Governor Mason, with General Brown, arrived at Toledo with about 1,200 men at the same time. Governor Mason had his staff with him also. Thus the two armies, ready for the fray, waited for the word, and the country was wild with excitement. Lewis Cass said well in a letter to Edward Tiffin, under date of THE TOLEDO WAR. November r, 1817: "A disputed jurisdiction is one of the greatest evils that can happen to a country." Governor Lucas had made up his mind to take 'the risk and send General Bell with his force to Toledo as soon as' he could get ready but before they were ready to start, two eminent citizens, Hon. Richard Rusk, of Philadelphia, and Colonel Howard, of Baltimore, arrived from Washington as commissioners from the president of the United States, to use their personal influence to stop all warlike demonstrations. Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, of Ohio, accompanied the commissioners as a voluntary peacemaker. These gentlemen remonstrated with Governor Lucas and reminded him of the fatal consequences that might follow, etc. They urged patience and to wait for a peaceable settlement of the matter by congress. These commissioners then also visited Governor Brown and urged him to abstain from violence and bloodshed until congress could act in the premises, and finally, on the 7th of April, they submitted to both governors the following proposition, to-wit: 1st. That the. Harris line should be run and re-marked pursuant to the act of the last session of the legislature of Ohio, without interruption. 2d. The civil elections, under the laws of Ohio, having taken place throughout the disputed territory, that the people residing upon it should be left to their own government, obeying the one jurisdiction or the other, as they may prefer, without molestation from the authorities of Ohio or Michigan until the close of the next session of congress. Governor Mason refused to accede to this proposition. Governor Lucas consented and discharged the troops. Governor Mason partially followed suit, and that reluctantly, but kept up preparations for any. emergency. Governor Lucas now thought he could run and re-mark the Harris line without any molestation from the authorities of Michigan, and ordered the commissioners to proceed with the work. S. Dodge, an engineer on the Ohio canal, had been engaged as surveyor to run the line. He addressed a letter to Samuel Forrer, one of the canal commissioners of Ohio, dated Maumee, April II, 1835, in which he said, among other things, that Messrs. Rush and Howard had assured them that no resistance should be made to the survey, but that trouble was brewing, and Ohio could not run the line without a strong military force. That it would become necessary to have an extra session of the Ohio legislature to make appropriations, etc. Then he goes on and says: We shall shart to-morrow for the northwest corner of the state, and the next time you hear from me I shall probably inform you that I am at Mon- 432 HISTORY OF SENECA COUNTY. roe, the headquarters of General Brown. General Brown was yesterday at Toledo, at the head of the sheriff's posse of 100 armed men. They came for the purpose of arresting those who had accepted office under the state of Ohio. He informed me that any attempt to run the line would be resisted by; the whole force of the territory; that they had 300 men under arms at Monroe and 600 more would soon be there; that they had 1,500 stand of arms taken from the United States arsenal at White Pigeon; that they did not mean to be rode rough shod by Ohio.' It was replied that Ohio had not as yet put on her rough shoes, and would not, unless they made it necessary, and that the line would certainly be run. The governor of Ohio started yesterday (8th inst.) for Defiance, and is entirely .unprepared to meet the force of Michigan. What course he will pursue I do not know. Our party consists' of fifteen or twenty unarmed men, and if we proceed we shall certainly be made prisoners, there not being a ,suffrcient number to prevent surprise. I think the expedition will be delayed. The state of Ohio is affording no protection to the people on the disputed territory, further than through the civil authorities. And those who have accepted office have been obliged to retreat. The governor has power to call out the militia, but has no funds to sustain them. Yours truly, S. DODGE. President Jackson applied to the attorney general, Benjamin F. Butler, of. New York, for his opinion in the premises, who replied, saying that the mere running of the line was no cause for hostilities, but that suit might be brought against the commissioners in the courts of the territory. The commissioners commenced running the line from the northwest corner of the state. General Brown's scouts watched them. When the surveying party got into Lenawee county, the under sheriff, with his posse, appeared on the ground to arrest them, but the commissioners and surveyors escaped and got to free Ohio soil. They reached Perrysburg next day with their clothes badly torn and hungry. Governor Lucas reported the facts to the president. General Jackson caused a copy of the report to be sent to Governor Mason, with a request to have Mason send his statement also. Thereupon Governor Mason applied to General Brown for information. General Brown, on the 17th of June, 1835, writes from Tecumach to Governor Mason, stating all he did and naming those that had been arrested and refuting the idea that the commissioners had been fired upon. The news of the breaking up of the surveying party spread through Ohio like wild-fire, and Governor Mason's course was generally condemned. Governor Lucas finding it impracticable to run the line, called an extra session of the legislature for the 8th of June. That body passed an act " to prevent the forcible abduction of the citizens of Ohio," and to punish the offenders with imprisonment in the penitentiary. Another THE TOLEDO WAR - 433 act was passed creating the new county of Lucas from the north part of Wood county, embracing the disputed territory north of Wood and a portion of the northwest of Sandusky county. It directed a court of common pleas to be held at any convenient house in Toledo on the first Monday of September next. There was also another act passed at this session, accepting the proposition made by the above named commissioners of the United States; $300,000 were appropriated to carry the law into effect and paying troops, etc. The division commanders were called upon to report the number of troops in each division that would volunteer to sustain the governor in enforcing the laws in the disputed territory. Fifteen out of seventeen divisions in the state reported 10,000 men ready -to volunteer, and 2,000 men were estimated that would volunteer in the two divisions that did not report. The Michigan authorities became more violent in their prosecutions of Ohioans. Major Stickney, George McKay, Judge Wilson, and many others were arrested and taken to 'Monroe jail. When Major Stickney was arrested he refused to go. They put him on a horse and held him on it, while a third man led the horse. They tied the Major's legs together under the horse to secure him. In the attempt to arrest T. Stickney, a son of the Major, he took out his pen-knife and stabbed one of the men in the left side, and made his escape. The stabbing of Wood by T. Stickney was reported to General Jackson, who became very indignant over the affair, and Governor Lucas, anticipating the, danger of being put into' an unfavorable light at Washington, sent Messrs. N. H. Swayne, William Allen and David T. Disney to Washington, to confer with the president on the subject of the boundary. These gentlemen made a full and fair statement of the whole trouble in writing to the Hon. John Forsyth, secretary of state, July 1st, 1835. The secretary answered on the 3d of July very fully, giving General Jackson's views of the question, and promising to cause an earnest recommendation to be sent to the authorities in Michigan, that no obstructions shall be interposed to the re-marking of the Harris line; that all arrests under the territorial act shall cease until after the meeting of the next congress, and all questions about the disputed lines to be avoided, etc. Judge Higgins, the president judge of the Maumee judicial circuit, in a letter addressed to Governor Lucas on the 20th of July, expressed great fears of trouble ensuing if he should attempt to hold court in Toledo under the law. On the 29th of July Governor Lucas wrote to Messrs. Patterson, - 28 - 436 - HISTORY OF SENECA COUNTY. and faced about. It was then discovered that the clerk had lost his hat containing the court journal. It was one of those high, bell-crown hats, then fashionable, and had capacity sufficient to hold a great many papers. Having succeeded in holding the court so well, and then losing the papers, was indeed too provoking, and to have them fall into the hands of the enemy was still worse. They fully believed that they were pursued, yet to lose the papers, was enough to arouse the courage of any soldier. Colonel Van Fleet's courage had not forsaken him. With him to will was to do. He ordered the clerk to dismount, and with two of the guards, to feel his way back carefully in search of the papers, while the balance would keep watch to cover the retreat. He cautioned them to make no noise, and if discovered, to conceal themselves. The hat was found with the papers. The party reported no enemy in sight. The state of Ohio had triumphed, The record was made up from the papers, and signed, " J. H. Jerome, associate judge." Colonel Van Fleet was so rejoiced at the recovery of the papers that he ordered two salutes to be fired on the spot. The party proceeded to Maumee at leisure, and reached the town a little after daylight. While the court was in session, Colonel Wing was stationed in town with 100 men to arrest the judges if they should undertake to hold court. Finding that there was no further use for his army, General Brown repaired to Monroe and disbandoned them. It seems that this Mr. Shaler did not take charge of the office of gov ernor of the Michigan territory, and that John S. Homer became Mason's successor, and was the acting governor with whom Governor Lucas afterwards had a lengthy correspondence, and which resulted in the discontinuance of the prosecutions, except the T. Stickney case, for the stabbing of Wood, the deputy sheriff. Governor Homer made a requisition upon Governor Lucas for him, but Governor Lucas refused to give him up, claiming that the offense had been committed on Ohio soil, and that therefore the courts of Michigan had no jurisdiction over him. Public sentiment gradually settled down in favor of Ohio, " and peace was again restored to the border." The boundary commissioners resumed the work on the line in November,. and finished it without molestation. At the next session of congress, on the 15th of June,, 1836, Michigan was admitted into the Union, with the Harris line for her southern boundary, and the disputed territory was given to Ohio. Taking into consideration the extensive preparations on both sides for the shedding of fraternal blood over a question that nothing but THE TOLEDO WAR - 437 right and law should have settled, and the other fact that the people in the whole northwest were highly excited over the conflict, and although the scenes have passed away with the excitement and both almost forgotten, it should never be said that the Toledo war was a joke. (See Toledo war by M. V. Way.) CHAPTER XXVI. SENECA COUNTY IN THE GENERAL, ASSEMBLY-SENECA COUNTY ON THE TAX DUPLICATE-SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR-SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF 1812-SOLDIERS IN THE WAR WITH MEXICO-INDEPENDENT COMPANIES-OHIO MILITIA. SENECA COUNTY IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF OHIO. THE kind reader, who may be desirous to know how and by whom this county has been represented in both branches of the general assembly of Ohio from the time of its organization hitherto, may save a good deal of 'time and labor by glancing his eye over a few pages in this chapter. The time when, and the manner in which the districts, both senatorial and representative, were organized .and changed, each including Seneca county, and the time of the election of senators and representatives, and who they were, from 1824 to 188o, a period of 56 years, required patient labor to ascertain, and it is hoped that this part of the present chapter may be appreciated as a reference document in proportion, at least, to the work it required to produce it. Under the old constitution (let it be remembered) senators were elected for two years and representatives for one year. The legislature met annually on the first Monday of December. Under the present constitution the general assembly is to meet biannually and then on the first Monday in January. In spite of this plain provision of the present constitution, there was only one winter during the last thirty years when the legislature did not have a session; and that was the ever memorable year of 1855, when it was discovered that the state treasury was short about three quarters of a million of dollars. In all these years the legislature adjourned to an extra session, in violation of the plain provision of the constitution, under a joint resolution of both houses. In other words: the spirit and plain provision of the constitution is defeated by the construction of the word "adjournment". And this determination to beat down the intention of the constitution of Ohio is a sin of both parties alike. Both are guilty SENECA COUNTY IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY - 439. of the crime and therefore willing to forgive each other. But the good 'people foot the bill all the same. Now senators and representatives are each elected for two years. There is no holding over, nor adjournment intended by the new constitution. What further proof is necessary to show its spirit and meaning ? However, the people acquiesce in this biannual violation of their fundamental law and are willing to pay for it. This is all the politicians want, and are accommodated. But to resume. Below find the years of the elections of senators and representatives, first under the old, and then under the new constitution, the time of their elections and the compositions of the districts in regular order, viz: SENATORS.