1826 1821 1822

$4,994 19 4,181 85 4,125 77

1823 1824 1825

$5,823 96 5,199 98 not found

1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835  1836 1837 1838 1839 estimated 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849

$ 132 64 lot found 237 64 264 26 284 23 343 02 439 19 444 87 394 06 375 35 565 68 898 87 850 43 l 908 95 1,020 26 1,251 50 1,271 38 1,351 46 1,284 93 1,326 96 1,547 96 1,843 90 1,908 58 1,852 15

1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872.

$ 2,096 07 2,822 00 3,561 31 5,133 88 5,446 06 7,230 90 7,067 51 9,050 39 9,800 50 10,615 92 10,065 97 9,940 76 9,023 28 10,221 76 24,219 57 19,758 50 21,054 94 27,924 92 39,000 82 35,852 85 35,317 36 40,518 89 49,258 67

Isaac Winans Noah Upson Northrup John Gallows Arba Kidney Arba Kidney John G. Morse John G. Morse John G. Morse Stephen Logue Stephen Logue Mason H. Day E. B. Morse John G. Morse John G. Morse W. J. Osborn I. Ewan W. E. Paxson W. E. Paxson

April 30, 1811 No date April 13, 1846 April 7, 1849 April 9, 1851 April 6, 1851 April 10, 1855 April 16, 1856 April 6, 1857 April 4, 1859 April 12, 1860 April 1, 1861 April 6, 1863 April 3, 1865 April 2, 1866 April 6, 1867 April 6, 1868 April 6, 1869 April 6. 1870

NAME

WHEN COMMISSIONED.

Nathan Gaskill William Beeson Thomas Wood Thomas Wood John Wirmer John Greer Levi Burden James Akey Levi Burden Thomas Wood Levi Burden E. N. Johnson Thomas Wood Thomas Wright Joseph Johnson Mahlon Allison John D. Elliot Abraham Gaskill John G. Morse John G. Morse Robert R. Barr Thomas J. Wood Talmadge W. Leek Robert R. Barr Abraham Gaskill Thomas J. Wood Robert M. Buck A. L. Jones Abraham Gaskill John Edison B. B. Green John G. Morse John Ellison John G. Morse Joseph Barnaby Joseph Barnaby William C. Richmond Joseph Barnaby L. W. Roath Simon Johnson Jacob P. Zaizer Joseph Barnaby

May 19, 1817 April 27, 1820 April 27, 1820 March 1, 1823 March 1, 1828 April 26, 1826 April 23, 1827 May 21, 1829 April 24, 1830 April 17, 1832 April 15, 1833 April 15, 1833 April 23, 1835 April 19, 1836 April 28, 1837 April 17, 1838 November 11, 1839 April 29, 1840 November 23, 1840 October 25, 1843 April 13, 1846 October 30 1846 April 22, 1847 April 18, 1849 July 28, 1849 October 20, 1849 October 19, 1852 October 15, 1856 October 15, 1856 April 19, 1856 October 15, 1858 October 15, 1858 November 13, 1860 October 12, 1861 November 9, 1861 October 14, 1864 October 14, 1864 October 18, 1867 October 18, 1867 February 18, 1870 October 28, 1870 March 29, 1876

“ 'Tis education that forms the common mind, Just as the twig is bent the tree's inclined." The first school ever opened in Lexington Township was in the town of Lexington, in the year 1809. The first school teacher in that school was Daniel Votaw. It was a subscription school, and under the management of the Society of Friends. A few years thereafter, a subscription school was opened in the vicinity of Limaville. The first school held in the Alliance section of the township was held in a vacated cabin on the land now owned by Clement Rockhill, just west of the fair grounds. It was taught by Andy Murran in the year 1820. It will be remembered that the present common-school system of the State was not instituted or organized until after 1824, consequently, all schools, prior to this date, were temporary, springing up in this or that locality, and living two or three months, as the school necessities of a neighborhood seemed to give them birth. They were held in vacated cabins, and the teachers paid by subscription. To Stark County belongs the credit of having sent a representative to the State Legislature in 1822, who introduced the first bill which was ever introduced into the Legislature for the establishing and regulating of common-schools in Ohio. The experience of almost half a century has rendered changes in the law necessary ; but to the Stark County representative be the credit of having introduced a system of common schools that has, with its amendments, been found sufficiently comprehensive to educate all the children in the State. Every man who has lived 432 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. in Stark County long enough to remember, and has noticed the current of events, can call to mind the opposition that burst upon Mr. Lathrop on his return to his constituency. A howl went up against taxation and against Mr. Lathrop ; but he was not to be driven from his purposes. The School Board has wisely adopted the distributive system of schools ; locating one Primary Department in Webb's Addition to the northeast section of the town ; one on Market street, in the southwest section ; one in Lamborn,s Addition, in the southern section. The School Board asked the voters to grant funds in the way of self-imposed tax to erect a fourth building to meet a growing want in the southeast section of the town. The three Primary Departments are clever, substantial, two-story brick structures, which have been built at a cost of about $2,000 each to the people. The following official census report of the city of the number of youths between the age of five and twenty-one years, for the years 1867-72, inclusive ; also the number of children under five years of age for the year 1872 : 1867—Number of children between five and twenty-one years of age, 610 ; 1868, 1,002 ; 1869, 1,128 ; 1870, 1,255 ; 1871, 1,393 ; 1872, number of children under five years of age, 698. The history of Lexington Township would be incomplete, should it fail to speak of an institution, which more than any other in the county, was humble and unpromising in its origin ; yet, with objects based on the wants of the people, has overcome almost insurmountable obstacles, and stands to-day a source of usefulness high in the confidence of the people. A six-room schoolhouse was erected in 1856. A system of graded schools, under the State laws of 1849, was organized, in March, 1857. Under this organization, schools were opened in four rooms, in charge of a Superintendent, with the total number of youth of school age in the district amounting to 360. The number of youth of school age in September, 1880, was 1,452. The number of rooms occupied in 1880, and each in charge of a separate teacher, was 19, and the number of schoolhouses at that date, each containing from two to six rooms, was 5. The buildings are located to suit the convenience of younger pupils. The following gentlemen have served as Superintendents during the term specified : J. K. Pickett, George Hester, Jesse Markham, D. M. Miller, W. H. Dressler, C. Y. Kay, J. F. Richards, and at present Mr. Dressler is again in charge, and discharging the responsible duties acceptably to the people. The public schools of Alliance have attained a high degree of efficiency in organization, course of study, discipline, method of instruction and proficiency in the substantial studies, justly placing them in the front rank of the better class of schools in the State. As nearly as can now be ascertained, the first Methodist society of Lexington Township was formed in the village of Lexington in 1819. It consisted of a class of six members, of whom Thomas Wood was appointed leader. It was perhaps in the autumn of the same year that Lexington became a regular preaching-place in connection with what was called Mahoning Circuit, with Calvin Ruttor and John Stewart preachers. The society first worshiped in private dwellings, then in an old schoolhouse. In 1827, they erected the first Methodist Episcopal Church built in the township. It was a rude affair, constructed of white oak logs, puncheon seats, minus backs. In this homely structure, they worshiped with slow but steady growth, until their present neat and comfortable building was erected. Some members of the first society still survive. In 1840, a class was formed, and preaching established in what was then called Williamsport, in connection with Salem Circuit, Brother M. L. Weekly preacher in charge. The society worshiped in private dwellings for a year or two, when they fitted up an old wheelwright-shop for the purpose. In this extemporized church, a series of meetings were held, under the superintendence of the Rev. S. D. Kinear, which resulted in the conversion and addition to the church of about ninety persons. Among them was Henry Chance, the popular temperance lecturer, known as the " Buckeye Broadaxe." Mr. Chance is still living, and doing effective work in the cause of temperance. This large addition to the society encouraged the hitherto little band to inaugurate a movement to secure, if possible, a house of their own in which to worship. The result was the erection of the frame building in which the Friends now hold service, located in what was called Freedom. Here the society worshiped with constant growth until 1865, when the house, becoming too small for the congregation, it was sold about the 1st of May to thc Society of Friends, who repaired it, LEXINGTON TOWNSHIP - 433 and still occupy it as a place of worship. The congregation, then under the superintendence of Brother A. B. Leonard, engaged in a new church enterprise, which culminated in the erection of the brick building in which they worship. This society has a membership of about 400, which is constantly increasing. The Sabbath School connected with the charge is one of the largest in Eastern Ohio. It is under the supervision of an able body of officers and teachers, and is in a flourishing condition. The Society is contemplating a radical improvement of their church building, which is greatly needed. The truth is, Alliance ought to have better church accomodations and we have no doubt if the congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church will undertake the erection of a first-class church, they will have the earnest co-operation of the citizens generally, and will deserve the everlasting gratitude of every one ambitious for the improvement of the growing young city of Alliance. In 1841, a society was formed and preaching established in Mt. Union, by Rev. M. L. Weekly. This congregation has steadily prospered and is now in a flourishing condition. Mount Union, it is well known, is the seat of Mount Union College. A Methodist society has existed for years at Limaville. From a feeble start it has grown into a vigorous band of Christian workers, numbering some fifty communicants, have a fine sabbath school and a neat church. There are now, in Lexington Township, about ten hundred members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ! Over twelve hundred Sabbath school scholars, and over $300,000 worth of church and college property. Besides all this, a large number of the members of the church here, from time to time moved to other sections of the country, while many have gone to that better land. This is but a brief and imperfect sketch of the history of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lexington Township. It is the best we can do with our present limited data. The following is a list of Methodist ministers who have served charges in Lexington Township and Alliance station since the church was organized, in the fall of 1839, with the dates of their respective appointments : July 17, 1839—Simon Elliot (deceased), M. L. Weekly. July 15, 1840—Joseph Montgomery (transfered), Thomas Thompson (deceascd). July 13, 1842—G. D. Kinnear, J. Tribby. July 12, 1843—J. Murry. July 10, 1844—J. Murry (located), Hosea McCall. July 2, 1845--Robert Wilkins (superannuated), Hosea McCall, Henry Ambler (expelled). July 1, 1846—David Hess, N. Gilmore (located). June 30, 1847—Hiram Gilmore (transferred), James H. White (transferred). July 5, 1847—John Huston, H. Rogers. June, 1849—Z. H. Gastin (superannuated). June, 1850—Joshua Monroe (superannuated), Richard Jordan. June 28, 1852—Aaron H. Thomas (deceased), John Ainsley. June 23—Hugh D. Fisher (transferred). June 20, 1854—Samuel Wakefield (superannuated). June 13, 1855—John Wright, Samuel Crow. June, 1856—J. C. High, S. Burt. April 29, 1857—Lewis J. Dales, F. D. Fast. April 28, 1858—David B. Campbell. April 27, 1859—M. S. Kendig, R. Morrow. March 20, 1861—A. E. Ward. March 19, 1862—T. Storer. March 18, 1863—Wesley Smith, T. S. Hodgson. March 10, 1864—A. B. Leonard. March 15, 1865—John Williams. March 7, 1866—William Cox. March 18, 1868—W. K. Brown. March 17, 1869—George W. Johnson. March 15, 1871—S. P. Woolf. March 15, 1872—W. H. Locke. March, 1876—S. L. Binkley. March, 1881—L. W. Day. Of the above list, five have died, five are superannuated, three have located, six have been transferred to another conference, one expelled. Thus, out of forty-seven ministers, twenty-six only are in the work. 434 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. CHAPTER XVII.* THE TOWN OF ALLIANCE—GROWTH AND ADVANCEMENT—BUSINESS INDUSTRIES—SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES—THE PRESS—CHURCHES, SUNDAY SCHOOLS, ETC.—BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. ALLIANCE is built at the crossing of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago and the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroads ; the former is a continuation of the great Pennsylvania Central, through Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, to the city of Chicago ; the latter connecting the " Forest " with the " Iron'? city, and with its branches associating in business relations with those two great inland marts a wide farming and grazing district in the Buckeye State. The etimology of the term denotes its origin, and though it has resulted that these two routes were not really allied at the time the town was named, yet it was supposed they would be. Alliance was named. by Gen. Robinson, deceased, of Pittsburgh. The lots around the crossing were surveycd chiefly by the County Surveyor, Mr. Whitacre, in 1851, and the proprietors of the adjoining land were Simon Jennings, Joseph J. Brooks, I. N. Webb and Elisha Teeters. And now that the town was located, it became necessary to improve it. Accordingly, a house was built by Mr. Hester, the first house ever erected in Alliance, and which is now standing, and occupied by Mr. 011iger. The same year, Mr. Hester started a store, thereby being the first to establish mercantile .pursuits in the town. Mr. Hester gave the town the name of Freedom, by which it was known until ten or twelve years after its origin, or until the completion of the C. & P. and P., Ft. W. & C. Railroad, when the railroad companies gave it the name of Alliance. Mr. Hester made a public sale of lots, the same year in which the town was laid out, and disposed of several, upon which buildings were soon erected. In 1841, or about three years later, Mr. S. Shaffer came here from Pennsylvania and opened another store. Here was the first competition in trade in Alliance. And from these two insignificant establishments have sprung over 100 odd business houses of to-day. Verily, their progeny has been prolific. For the first ten or * Contributed by Dr. L. L. Lamborn.   twelve years, the growth of the town was very slow ; the accessories were few and infrequent. Another store was added, a small brick schoolhouse, a church and a few dwellings comprised the principal improvements. There was nothing here at this early day to attract immigration. The country was almost a wilderness ; there was no milling privilege, there were few comforts of any kind to be obtained, and many annoyances and incouveniences were submitted to. The post officc was two or three miles distant. There were no markets for surplus products nearer than Massillon, 26 miles away, and to that point farmers would haul their grain, receiving for it 40 or 50 cents per bushel. Our merchants' supplies were purchased at Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and transported by canal and river to Wellsville, and from there by wagons to this place. In those days it required from four to six weeks for our merchants to make the trip to Philadelphia., purchase goods and return. Now, with our present railroad facilities, the same trip may be easily accomplished in the space of one week. The ground upon which the city now stands was, at the time of the location of the town, owned by the following gentlemen : Matthias Hester. William Aultman, Michael and John Miller. Mr. Scott and Mr. Cassidy. These gentlemen made numerous additions to the town, and public enterprises, in the way of land for the purpose of stimulating and encouraging the improvement of the town, but its progress was very tardy, and twelve years after its origin, or in the year 1850, the place contained only about 200 inhabitants. Much the same as Altoona is on the east, Alliance is on the west. of Pittsburgh, an offspring of the locomotive, a legitimate child of steam. In the history of the last few years, a great chapter of which is occupied by railway events, an episode injected into the stale memoranda of former centuries which are continued in this—stereotypes of diplomatic strategy, wars, marches, battles and sieges—this CITY OF ALLIANCE - 435 word Alliance has repeatedly appeared in the daily and weekly bulletins of news. Sometimes it has figured as the scene of unfortunate fatality, at others as the theater of social or political demonstration, and the telegraph announcing to distant cities the arrival here, or the passage of this or that distinguished personage through the place, has helped to lend celebrity to the town. The following is the additions to and composing the city of Alliance : Mathias Hester and John Miller laid out the town of Freedom July 24, 1838, composed of sixty lots. William Altman laid out an addition to Freedom September .17, 1841, composed of eleven lots. Mathias Hester laid out an addition to Freedom September 17, 1841, composed of twelve lots. Alliance was laid out by Mathias Hester September 10, 1850, composed of fifty-eight lots. E. Teeters laid out an addition to Alliance September 3, 1851, composed of fifty-one lots. M. Hester laid out an addition to Alliance September 10, 1851, composed of forty-four lots. Jennings & Brooks laid out an addition to Alliance May 21, 1852, composed of sixty-five lots. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance May 16, 1852, composed of sixteen lots. William Teeters laid out on addition to Alliance August 28, 1852, composed of eight lots. E. Teeters laid out an addition to Alliance May 29, 1852, composed of sixty-five lots. Samuel Shaffer laid out an addition to Alliance April 15, 1853, composed of seventeen lots. Mathias Hester laid out an addition to Alliance December 13, 1853. composed of thirty-one lots. E. Teeters laid out an addition to Alliance April 4, 1855, composed of thirty-seven lots. John Miller laid out an addition to Freedom July 3, 1856, composed of seven lots. E. Teeters laid out an addition to Alliance June 14, 1856, composed of one hundred and fourteen lots. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance May 27, 1856, composed of thirty lots. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance June 9, 1856, com[ posed of nine lots. M. Hester laid out an addition to Alliance February 27, 1856, composed of five lots. E. A. & C. W. laid out an addition to Alliance July 7, 1860, composed of lots. Outlots sixteen. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance April 26, 1861, composed of nine lots. Lee's outlots, laid out August 5, 1863, composed of twenty-four lots. Mathias Hester laid out an addition to Alliance October 14, 1856, composed of fourteen lots. L. Lamborn, May 18, 1866, and May 18, 1868, composed of one hundred and fifty-two lots. Josiah Rosenberry laid out an addition to Alliance June 5, 1867, composed of fifteen lots. J. R. Haines laid out an addition to Alliance April 27, 1864, composed of twenty-. eight lots. E. Teeters laid out an addition to Alliance December 19, 1865, composed of one hundred and fifty-two lots. Linus Ely laid out an addition to Alliance May 11. 1870, composed of six lots. G. W. Sears laid out an addition to Alliance January 25, 1870, composed of seventeen lots. J. B. Milner laid out an addition to Alliance April 16, 1866, composed of twenty lots. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance May 1, 1866, composed of .twenty-five lots. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance August 27, 1866, composed of thirty-two lots. Philip Etiene laid out an addition to Alliance July 29, 1867, composed of five lots. Elizabeth Grant laid out an addition to Alliance November 14. 1867, composed of nine lots. M. A. Ramsey laid out an addition to Alliance June 14, 1864 (outlots), composed of twelve lots. J. H. Haincs laid out an addition to Alliance June 29, 1867, composed of ten lots. Grant & Rice laid out an addition to Alliance July 13, 1867, composed of eighteen lots. M. Hester laid out an addition to Alliance December 18, 1867, composed of twelve lots. Moushey & Davis laid out an addition to Alliance November 21, 1861, composed of six lots. J. B. Milner laid out an addition to Alliance April 24, 1868, composed of two hundred and five lots. Simon Johnson laid out an addition to Alliance September 18, 1868, composed of thirteen lots. J. B. Milner laid out an addition to Alliance February 16, 1867, composed of seventy-two lots. Teeters, Lamborn & Co. laid out an addition to Alliance, various dates, composed of nine hundred and ninety lots. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance May 6, 1870, composed of twenty-four lots. B. F. Rosenberry laid out an addition to Alliance November 20, 1870, composed of thirteen lots. Buck's heirs laid out an addition to Alliance March 13, 1872, composed of ten lots. I. N. Webb laid out an addition to Alliance February 22, 1870, composed of eleven lots. Anna Webb laid out an addition to Alliance May 14, 1870, composed of thirty-nine lots. 436 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. It will be seen that the city has 2,638 re corded lots. In addition to these are very many pieces of land but little larger than a lot, not numbered, upon which residences are built. There are 390 pieces of land upon the tax duplicate of the township outside of the incorporate limits of Alliance, Mount Union and Limaville. The average amount of land to each land owner in the township is thirty-seven acres. The following are the additions and lots composing the town of Limaville : David. Holloway first laid out Limaville June 18, 1830, the same being composed of twenty-two lots. David Holloway laid out an addition to Limaville December 8, 1830, composed of ten lots. Peter Akey, Isaac Winans and Alva Proutz laid out an addition to Limaville October 3, composed of fifty-nine lots. Peter Akey and A. Proutz laid out an addition to Limaville July 24, 1836, composed of forty-one lots. Thus Limaville has 132 recorded lots. The following are the additions and lots composing the town of Mount Union, to wit : Richard Fawcett laid out Mount Union August 22, 1833, the same at that date being composed of forty lots. John Hinds, E. N. Johnson, N. Hoiles, J. Watson, Rachel Hoiles and Daniel Reeves laid out additions to Mount Union composed of thirty lots. Ellis N. Johnson laid out an addition to Mount Union May 22, 1851, composed of four lots. J. B. York laid out an addition to Mount Union September 30, 1863, composed of forty-five lots. Ellis N. Johnson laid out an addition to Mount Union November 29, 1858, composed of four lots. Pettit & Park laid out an addition to Mount Union March 29, 1859, composed of twenty-four lots. J. B. Milner laid out an addition to Mount Union July 20, 1867, composed of 142 lots. E. N. Johnson and J. P. Gould laid out an addition to Mount Union November 10, 1871, composed of ten lots. This number added to the 390 pieces of land, makes 3,437 distinct and separate pieces of real estate in Lexington Township. A number of the lots are yet in the hands of the first owners, but probably not more than would be equaled by the pieces of land in the three incorporations which are not estimated in the above aggregate. At a public sale of lots on Main street in 1851, made by Mr. E. Teeters, the lots barely averaged $40 apiece. The lots known as the Reynolds corner were purchased by Mr. Jacob Os- wait, of Washington Township, at $37. He thought he had paid dear for his whistle, and got Mr. William Teeters to take it off his hands. During the year 1873, the same lot, with but little improvements on it, sold for $13,500. It is to W. C. Wilcox, Esq., the Recorder of Stark County, we are indebted for a transcript, owners and dates of the various additions to the township mentioned in this chapter. The reputation of " Coates Lock-Lever Hay & Grain Rake," is so thoroughly established that it finds a sale in all parts of the United States, and large numbers of it have been shipped to Europe. The factory has a permanent investment in grounds, buildings and machinery, of about $75,000. Employs about seventy-five men, and turns out from $100,000 to $200,000 worth of work annually, while the gross sales of this rake alone have exceeded $1,000,000. At the Paris Exposition, in 1878, the " Coates " Lock-Lever Rake received the only silver medal awarded to any horse-rake separate from other farm implements. The business is now conducted under the firm name of A. W. Coates & Co., and is one of the most substantial manufacturing enterprises of the State, having withstood the terrible pressure of hard times and financial ruin of the past five years, and stands forth to-day with strong reputation and largely increasing patronage. On Thursday, June 8, 1854, the first newspaper was published in Lexington Township, at Alliance. It was printed at Salem, Columumbiana County, at the office of J. K. Rukenbrod, the present able and popular editor of the Salem Republican. L. L. Lamborn, a practicing physician of Mt. Union, was the editor. A few weeks after this period, a Washington press and a tolerable printing office outfit was purchased of Lyman W. Hall, the present efficient editor and proprietor of the Portage County Democrat, and brought to Alliance and an office opened in Merchant's Block. After this the paper was printed and published in Alliance. The paper was christened the Alliance Ledger. By reference to the editorials of the Ledger recently reviewed, the fact was clearly elicited that the paper was strongly opposed to the Democratic party. The readers of this article might infer this would be an astonishing disclosure to the author of the history of Lexington Township. The Ledger was also virulently anti-slavery and wonderfully CITY OF ALLIANCE - 437 Maine-lawish. After about one year's time A. H. Lewis bought the entire interest in the Ledger, and ran the paper for two years. James Estell, Esq., then bought the office and ran a paper in the interest of the Democracy, under the name of the Times. Mr. Estell removed from Alliance to Holmes County, Ohio, and published the Holmes County Farmer, and was elected Probate Judge of Holmes County, and received other evidences of the people's confidence and ability. In 1856, S. G. McKee removed to Alliance from Carrollton, Carroll County, and purchased of Mr. Estell the Times office, and owned and published the paper under the name of the Times up to 1861. Barlow & Morgan, Webb & Co., Elmslie & Co. successively owned the office after this. Gotchell Bros. bought the office and moved it to Canton, and published a paper there for a few months. The Local was a party organ, giving its influence exclusively to the tenets and policy of the Republican organization. The Monitor was a hybrid ; it tried the circus feat of riding two horses named Prohibition and Republicanism. The True Press belonged to the neuter gender hermaphrodite ; some think it faced toward Democracy. The Monitor was chiefly editcd by Mrs. Brown, a clever lady, fine writer and excellent itemizer. The Local was done up by Joe Gillespie. Few local items passed unchronicled in his paper ; he was brief and decisive in his retorts and criticisms. The Local cut, the Monitor tore and the True Press poulticed; the Local pilled, the Monitor griped and the True Press soothed. All of these papers were ambitious; the Local for party dominancy, the Monitor for money, and the True Press for that quiet which came to the waves of Gallilee. Out of the sanctum, the Local was affectionate, the Monitor courteous and the True Press placid. The Local was pointed, the Monitor general, and the True Press neither. The Local shot at the heart, the Monitor at the whole body, and the True Press shuddered. The editor of the Local was obese and childless, the editor of the True Press was gaunt and wifeless, and the editress of the Monitor was lithe and guileless. They were an inimitable trio. Concretely they were prismatic, resolving a ray of life's great duties into primordial elements even to the negation principles of light, with all the intermingling rainbow tints. Abstractly they were less ostentatious and gaudy. It is true the Local, Monitor and True Press were not the Tribune, Herald and Times, or the editors Greeley, Bennett and Raymond, but they wcre respectable in their spheres, and the city of Alliance was proud of them as editors and citizens. In the way of journalism, Alliance was the pcer of any interior town in Ohio. These presses were the heralds of the city’s future ; for them to languish was for the city to die at heart ; for merchants and manufacturers to give orders for printing to traveling rats to advertise competing towns is felo-de-se —it was suicide—it was a stone at the goose or geese that lay the golden eggs ; it might not have killed, but it wounded them. Mr. Lewis' managed the Press for a few months, and then disposed of his office to W. F. Hart. Mr. Mossgrove assisted him as foreman and associate editor. The Monitor was started by J. W. Garrison and J. Hudson July 13, 1864. In October, 1866, Mr. Hudson sold his interest in the office to Mr. Garrison. This establishment in 1864, was a new and splendid Outfit, with steam presses and all fitting adjuncts. Mr. Garrison sold the office to A. W. Taylor, and moved to Massillon where he inaugurated the Massillon American. Mr. Taylor soon found a purchaser for the Monitor, in the person of W. K. Brown. While Mr. Garrison owned the Monitor office, he printed for one year the Christian Standard, a religious paper in the interest of the Christian Church, and edited by Rev. Isaac Errett. The Ledger, under the management of A. H. Lewis, published for one year, the Family and School Instructor, a monthly of respectable size and appearance, projected by the Faculty and students of Mount Union College. Mr. Gillespie, of the Local, has published for one year the Literary Advance, a monthly emanating from the same source. Mr. Patterson, the excellent foreman of the Local office, and McKee's partner in the publication of that paper before Mr. Gillespie purchased his interest, ran for several years a job office in the building owned and occupied by J. Murray Webb. The Weaver Brothers also ran a job office in this city before they purchased the Minerva Commercial. Mr Stewart McKee, who has been almost constantly connected with the press of this city since 1854, in connection with his son-in-law, now runs a tidy and excellent job office in Harrold,s Block. This includes, so far as mem- 438 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. ory now serves, the various printing and newspaper enterprises in this city. The Democracy of Alliance and surrounding country purchased an office and reshipped it to this city to print a paper under the management of one Robinson, who formerly had some reputation as a writer, having been connected with the Cincinnati Enquirer. At one time, Mr. Robinson, though a virulent Democrat, patriotically held that the national debt created by the war, should be promptly paid, and that the most expeditious plan to liquidate' the nation,s liabilities, was the payment of an internal revenue by an extravagant consumption of whisky. He largely and liberally practiced on his theory and his paper died. Patterson & McKee purchased the office and issued the Local. After a time Joseph W. Gillespie purchased the Patterson interest in the office, continuing the paper under the same name. Mr. Gillespie soon became the exclusive owner of the office, but feeling that a Washington hand press and accompanying material, much of it quite old, could not be made to meet the necessities of the increasing patronage of an enterprising town fast merging into a city, sold the press and office, the history of which has been briefly traced since 1854, to Lacock & Co., of Salineville, to which place it was shipped a few years back, and where it is probably entering on the vicissitudes of a twenty years' experience, such as it passed in Ravenna and in Alliance. After S. G. McKee sold his interest in the Local to Gillespie he purchased a splendid cylinder press and jobber, with corresponding and accompanying outfit, and issued a weekly called the Telegraph. The Telegraph apparently was well supported and entering a career of unusual prosperity, when one morning the citizens of Alliance were astonished with the report that Gillespie of the Local had bought out the Telegraph. The latter paper supported the interests of the Democratic party, and the Local was the organ of the Republican party. The purchase gave the Local every facility for successfully competing with the Monitor. There was more material than could be advantageously used obtained by the purchase of the Telegraph office, and Dr. Lewis bought a hand press and some of the material of Mr. Gillespie, and in the fall of 1872 started a paper. Since the above occurrences, other papers have been published in Alliance. The Alliance Tri- County Review, edited and published by Capt. J. W. Gillespie, is one of the newsiest papers in Eastern Ohio, and has obtained considerable celebrity for its independence of thought, its bold and fearless defense of its opinions, and its carefully edited local and news columns. It is Republican in politics, but evidently does not take kindly to the extreme hard-money doctrines of that party, and having opinions of its own on all the issues of the day, to which it gives fearless expression and a bold defense, it occasionally of necessity, incurs the adverse criticisms of the more hide-bound leaders of the party with which it is identified ; and yet, on all the doctrines which properly and originally entered into the creed and confession of political faith of the Republican party, as well as in spirit, the paper is " radical " and " stalwart." The history of the Review is one of success. In May, 1871, Capt. Gillespie bought a half-interest in the Alliance Local, a small " patent outside " sheet, struggling for existence with a nominal subscription list of barely three hundred, and, in company with Capt. S. G. McKee, undertook to conduct it as a neutral paper. This, of course, was unsatisfactory. A man with positive opinions and convictions, must necessarily chafe and fret under the restraints of neutral journalism, and in November of the same year, Capt. Gillespie bought out his partner, and, abandoning the " patent outside," changed its character to one of the most pronounced and wide-awake Republican papers in the Seventeenth Congressional District. From that day may be dated the present popularity of the paper, and its publisher could not help but see, in a short time, that it had outgrown its name and had become something more than a mere " local " paper. He, therefore; dropped the name Local and substituted the more pretentious and significant title of Review, changing its form, too, to a quarto and enlarging it. The next advance step was taken in 1876, when the Review was made a cash-in-advance paper, and immediately following this and entirely contrary to the expectations of many of its friends, it obtained a circulation four times larger than any paper ever published in the town of Alliance. But another change seemed to be demanded, and in the same line, indicating growth and progress ; the Review rapidly extended its circulation in the adjoining counties till, on the 1st of January, 1881, its CITY OF ALLIANCE - 439 proprietor, as a fitting recognition of this generous patronage, adopted its present title and now, as the Tri-County Review, its subscription is larger than ever before, and daily increasing. Aggressive, outspoken, saucy and combative as the Review has always been, it, of course, has made some enemies, and in its treatment of these, it seemed never to be able to appreciate the nursery axiom of " a kiss for a blow." Titfor-tat was rather its motto, and it seems to really enjoy a square stand-up fight, and is not likely to grow rusty in literary pugilism for want of practice, or sulk, or whine, or sniffle at the result of any of its set-tos. One of the leading Republican newspapers of Stark County is the Alliance Standard, which was established January 1, 1880, by John G. Garrison. At its inception, the Standard was a six-column folio, but under Mr. Garrison's careful editorial and practical mechanical management, it soon became an enterprising local journal, and an enlargement became necessary. It is now an eight-column folio. The Standard has steadily grown in favor and influence until it has become one of the most widely read local newspapers ever published in Alliance. Its careful m ake-up, fine paper, good press work and neat typographical appearance, give it the reputation of being a handsome county paper. Much of the success of the Standard is due to the refined and elevating manner in which it his been conducted, as well as its fair and gentlemanly treatment of the people, whether they were patrons of the paper or not, and its impartial, unselfish and journalistic manner of handling all questions. The office is one of the finest equipped of the kind in the county, and the only one in the city which combines all features of the printing business under one management. A new six-horse power engine, paper cutter and other conveniences have recently been added, making the job department most complete. Much of the work turned out by Garrison's Standard Steam Printing House has never been equaled in the city, and would favorably compare with that executed by first-class city offices. The Monitor was established in 1864, by Hudson & Garrison. In 1865, Hudson sold his interest to his partner, J. W. Garrison (father of the editor of the Standard, of Alliance), who conducted the paper until he established the Massillon American in 1869, when he sold the Monitor to A. W. Taylor, who, a year later, disposed of it to Rev. W. K. Brown and wife. They ran it until 1877, when it suspended. In 1869, the Monitor had a circulation of about 1,200 copies. The Christian Standard, with a circulation of 18,000, was published by Mr. Garrison from the Monitor office, at this time. The latter paper is now published in Cincinnati. Among the industries that have appeared in Alliance is the large bagging factory now in operation. It was erected in 1870 at a cost of $32,000. Its annual capacity is 450,000 yards of bagging, which is used in covering cotton so that the latter can be readily transported to market. The material used in the manufacture is flax, tow and jute butts. The first two are obtained in this country and Canada, and the latter is imported from the West Indies. During the year there are consumed 600 tons of nearly equal quantities of flax and jute. The number of hands employed is from forty-five to fifty, and the average wages per day is 65 cents. After 1824, and up to the time the Union school system was adopted in Alliance, there was a small brick schoolhouse, 18x24, located in the immediate vicinity of the Disciple Church, which house was of sufficient capacity to meet all the educational wants of this locality. School was held in this small structure three months every year. Since the establishment of the present school system, the township has been divided into ten separate school districts, and each district has a neat and commodious schoolhouse, with ample accommodations for the children of the district. In most of these districts a winter and summer school is taught. The Union School of Alliance was organized under the act of February 21, 1849, in the month of February, 1857. Mr. J. K. Pickett was elected the first Superintendent, in March, 1858, and continued to act in that capacity until January, 1860. George D. Hester was elected in August, 1860, and continued until June, 1861. J. K. Pickett was re-elected April, 1861, and continued until March, 1865. Jesse Markham was elected in March, 1865, and continued until April, 1865. D. M. Miller was elected in April, 1865, and continued until June, 1866. E. N. Johnson, Jr., was elected July, 1866, and continued until June, 1867. W. H. Dressler was elected August, 1867. The single building now known as the Central School was all 440 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. the school room afforded, or needed, as late as 1857. In that year there were but 300 children in the Union School District. The first Superintendent had four assistants. One of the finest edifices to be found within the scope of a hundred miles is the Alliance College, a magnificent brick, erected on the hill site of our city, within five minutes walk of the railroad depot. It is just cause of pride in our citizens, being an ornament to the place, and those who conceived the design and carried out the execution can well be proud of their conception and labors. It owes its paternity to Prof. A. B. Way, and was built under the patronage of the Christian Church. It cost $50,000. Prof. Way was continued as Financial Agent, and to his herculean efforts we are indebted for the completion of the College. Mount Union College was founded for a purpose, with a definite plan. Its humble origin, dating from its provisional organization, October 20, 1846, has ever sincc coutinuously outlined its progressive character ; while its existing membership, appointments, provisions, instructed students, permanent improvements aud regular workings under its charter, show its attained growth and usefulness. The true history of the College, showing the facts, growth and results of its plan, would be misunderstood, without constantly keeping in mind not only the results of its providential facts, but also as its progressive or final end, the following proposed or fundamental objects : 1. To found a progressive institution for truthfully developing right character, culture and knowledge, and for making a thorough, liberal, Christian education accessible to all. 2. Besides ancient classical, to provide fresh courses and departments fundamentally essential for educating symmetrically all the faculties, for promoting character above culture, and culture above knowledge, and for earnestly uniting the utilitarian, disciplinary and aesthetic ; and thus practically and truthfully making not only laborers and scholars, but citizens and the highest grade of men and women. 3. Rightly to enable any students to choose and master a thorough general course, as the ancient and modern classical, philosophical, scientific, or literary ; or take electives or a post graduate course, or a special or technical course, as preparatory, business, mining, engi neering, normal, musical, fine arts ; or such studies in any course or department, and for such time as students desire and need for harmoniously educatiug the head, hand and heart, and for giving them true personal ability, availability and reliability. 4. To secure a moral, healthy and enterprising location, improved aud ample grounds and buildings ; a voluntary and effective association of competent and reliable patrons, trustees, faculty and students, with wise management ; logical systems of thorough, illustrative instruction, with moral, social, aesthetic and physical culture and self-government ; also, progressively to secure improved libraries, and an abundance of superior, scientific and artistic apparatus, implements, cabinets, museum, picture galleries, observatory, gymnasiums, botan- ical and zoological gardens, aquaria, parks, models, relics and charts, with natural, classical, archaeological, industrial, paleontological and aesthetic specimens, as cosmic endowments, with which truthfully to illustrate and apply all studies. 5. To make the college a free, patriotic, Christian and aggressive institution ; to hold and use its property perpetually, in trust, for the benefit of its students ; to bring a thorough, liberal, Christian education in easy reach of all, enabling enterprising students of either sex, however humble or self-dependent, to complete a general or elective course, and support themselves ; to adapt the terms, curricula and management to the actual needs of the people, and to our country,s public school system ; to regulate the price of student's rooms and board, (their chief expense), and keep their expenses of living within certain low rates, by erecting buildings and providing good rooms and ample boarding facilities. 6. To promote the union of earnest and generous patrons, trustees, professors and students, and thus to perpetuate the plan and growing membership and usefulness of the institution, with God's continued favor, by largely keeping the College, internally, self-supporting, and externally, through permanent improvements as representative free-will offerings, and by progressively adapting the college to the actual needs of our American masses. The main reason for chartering the institution as a college, was the better to carry out the foregoing fundamental objects, the time be- CITY OF ALLIANCE - 441 MOUNT UNION COLLEGE 442 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. ing arranged to suit the large attendance Of students, who had in this institution been pursuing a full college course, and who desired to graduate and obtain the degrees legally and honorably from the institution where they had received their chief instruction. In addition to the foregoing objects, the charter provides that the property of the college shall be held perpetually in trust, by a board of trustees, for the educational benefit of students. It is also provided that the trustees and faculty shall carry out progressively the foregoing fundamental objects of the institution ; that they shall acquire and supply the means of a thorough, liberal, Christian education, equally to persons of both sexes, irrespective of their religious or political opinions ; that the faculty shall possess and exert the requisite authority to establish and administer all necessary and proper regulations for the instruction and internal management of the college as related to students, and for any general, elective, special and practical courses of study ; that the institution shall be conducted in harmony with the principles of Christianity ; that any department or school that may be established, or any literary society or other organization composed of students, shall be under the supervision of the college authorities ; that all moneys and property of the college shall be faithfully and safely appropriated by the trustees to the purposes for which they were respectively donated ; that the trustees hold their office chiefly during three years, about one-third of the number being elected each year ; that in electing the trustees, any candid person, religious denomination or philanthropic association, accredited or donating to the college money or property, shall be respectively entitled to one vote for a trustee, for every $25 donated to the college ; that the institution shall be patriotic and Christian, but not sectarian or partisan, and shall be generously conducted on the voluntary philanthropic principle of doing the greatest educational good to the greatest practicable number of worthy, self-dependent students. Thus, through trustees whom they elect as their representatives, the college is equitably and generously controlled or governed by the people who, with a united interest and just representation for the impartial and equal good of all, voluntarily bear the responsibility of contributing the means for sustaining the college in its benevolent mission. The degrees or other honors that may be conferred, are similar to those that may be granted by colleges or universities of this or other countries. The charter has undergone no modifications ; contains no limitations or reservations as a condition in grants or otherwise, or as to any scholarships or requirements as to instruction in particular studies, and provides for any changes necessary to adapt the college to the needs of the people. Immediately after perfecting the charter, January 10, 1858, this institution, whose distinctive features had been nominally developing since its provisional organization in 1846, was now regularly and efficiently organized as a college. A suitable board of trustees was elected, with an effective executive committee, also a competent faculty of experienced professors. Rev. O. N. Hartshorn, LL. D., was-elected President of the Trustees and Faculty ; Ira O. Chapman, A. M., was elected Professor of Mathematics. and Astronomy, and Secretary of the Faculty ; G. W. Clark, A. M., was elected Professor of the Latin and Greek languages, and Treasurer of the Trustees, and E. N. Hartshorn, A. M., was elected Professor of Natural Science, and Auditor of the Trustees. The first class was regularly graduated in the summer of 1858, and, ever since, classes have duly graduated each year in the several authorized degrees. The attendance and needs of students so increased, as to make it necessary to enlarge the college grounds and erect a new and capacious main building, which was in 1864 completed, the dedicatory address being delivered by Hon. S. P. Chase, who was one of the trustees. Among other things, Chief Justice Chase publicly said : " Mount Union College, as to both means and usefulness, is among the foremost in our country ; it certainly is greatly needed ; has a superior system of instruction, government, support, membership, and of equal and equitable patron relations ; is nationally and wisely located and conducted ; its simple and impartial, yet complete and distinctive, plan, merits the generous and united patronage of all American people. for it generously makes a thorough, integral. Christian education easily obtainable to every enterprising young man or lady." CITY OF ALLIANCE - 443 In February, 1865, Bishop M. Simpson, D. D., LL. D., delivered in the large hall of this new building, to an intelligent audience of 2,500 persons, his address on the " Future of our Country," and at the close of which he publicly stated that " Mount Union College, manifestly a gift of Providence, is an eminently needed, live and progressive institution, where excellent government, high intellectual and moral culture, cheapness and thoroughness, with a sound plan wisely adapted to the enlarging wants of the American people, are happily combined." Bishop E. Thomson, D. D., LL. D., another trustee of this college, spent a week attending the annual examinations of the classes and other commencement exercises, in the summer of 1865, and, upon delivering, on commencement day, the annual address, he publicly stated that " Mount Union is an established collegiate center, eligibly and beautifully situated, admirably managed, possesses highly valuable apparatus and specimens, with extensive collegiate facilities ; its mission is philanthropic, equitable and providential, its objects impartial, practicable and widely demanded. This college has a superior and distinctive plan, embracing wise government, economy, right patronizing relations, thoroughness, elective courses of study, integral illustrative teaching, and adapted to develop sterling character, personal liberty and culture, and to meet the progressive wants of society, recognizing efficiently, besides the mathematics, literature and ancient languages, the growing importance of the natural sciences and modern classics." At their annual meeting of the board, in 1865, on motion of Lewis Miller, the trustees resolved to erect an additional commodious boarding hall, to accommodate a large number of students, and thus to enable the college to keep the price of students, rooms and boarding at the lowest practicable rates. A Building Committee of Trustees was elected, consisting of Hon. Lewis Miller, of Akron, Col. E. Ball, of Canton, J. B. Milner, of Alliance, 0. N. Hartshorn and William Autram, of Mount Union. In 1866, this committee erected an excellent four-story brick building, 132 feet long by 46 feet wide, on an addition of ten acres of college grounds. At a special meeting of the trustees, held July 6, 1867, in the office of C. Aultman Sr, Co., Canton, Ohio, " Dr. 0. N. Hartshorn was authorized to visit Europe in the interest of the college, especially by investigating educational improvements, courses of study, the importance and methods of procuring apparatus and specimens, for fully illustrating and applying the various branches of study;" and subsequently, after reporting to the trustees, " the results of his investigations in Europe, respecting apparatus, specimens, courses of study, methods of teaching and other educational improvements," " Dr. Hartshorn was instructed to fit up rooms and cases, and to purchase proper specimens and apparatus for fully illustrating and applying the courses of studies." Through written introductions and the recommendations of such men as Chief Justice Chase, and Gen. Cox, then Governor of Ohio, Dr. Hartshorn found ready access to all the educational institutions and national museums of Europe. He not only made full investigations, but arranged for the procuring, from every part of the habitable globe, rare and' valuable specimens of science and art, on the plan and through the agents of the British museum, of London. Thus this Museum chiefly took its origin, and has since been rapidly and grandly accumulating, both systematically and economically. In 1868, O. N. Hartshorn, in order to give his whole time to the increasingly responsible internal duties of the college, resigned the Presidency of the Board of Trustees, and Hon. Lewis Miller, of Akron, was elected, and still holds that office. About the same time, C. Aultman, Esq., of Canton, Ohio, was elected Treasurer ; and Hon. Joseph Walton, of Pittsburg, Penn., was elected Auditor. Hon. John A. Bingham, LL. D., a Trustee of the College, delivered here, just before starting as United States Minister to Japan, a public address, during which he observed : " I find at Mount Union College both the facilities and instruction quite as ample and thorough, as I lately saw at Yale and other Eastern colleges." As the purling rivulet, issuing from some perennial spring, gradually carves its channel through flinty rocks, and enlarges its current by each additional streamlet, forming at length a majestic river, whose lucid waters, in their onward course, widen and deepen by accessions from a thousand noble tributaries ; so has Mount Union College providentially taken its humble origin, and thus has regularly progressed 414 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. in essential appointments, permanent improvements and eminent usefulness,byconstantlyyy developing, through voluntary agencies, its chartered objects, until it has already, not only gained a distinguished position in the confidence and affections of the American people, butalso) has nobly developed and largely achieved the following distinctive features : 1. The making of a thorough, liberal education, equally and economically attainable to all enterprising youth, withoutrcstrictionn of their true individuality. 2. Thorough, illustrative instruction, to develop symmetrically all a student's faculties. 3. Electives, or liberty in the choice of courses, or studies. The student may select any one of the four general courses ; or, from the general course, may choose, in proper order and amount, any studies that he may bequalifiedd to take. 4. Prominence to practical studies. This practical, Christian age, demands practical studies to develop all the powers thoroughly and symmetrically, and to give wise and full preparation for responsible active life. 5. General and special courses, with free literary societies. In addition to the equal four years' general courses of study—classical scientific, literary and philosophical—extensive provisions are made for systematic and illustrative instruction in thorough special courses, as the three years' preparatory, normal, commercial, music, designing, laboratory practice, engineering and fine arts, in thoroughly systematized departments ; also, free efficient literary societies—the Republican, Linnan and Cosmian. 6. Christian and patriotic ; not sectarian, sectional or partisan. The college seeks radically, benevolently and effectively to advance Christian civilization. 7. Equal privileges to ladies. They, from the first, have been admitted as students on the same terms as gentlemen, to all the departments, to all honors and privileges, and are equally eligible to the position of trustee, professor or patron. 8. Apparatus and specimens to illustrate and apply each study. Next to good teaching, the apparatus and specimens for illustrating and pplyingt the principles of science, are indispensable to a student's success in any study, enabling him much more easily and quickly to acquire and permanently to retain any study or branch of knowledge. 9. Economy in expense ; there are nomatriculationn or incidental fees, which, at many colleges, amount to several times the trifle of tuition charged here. Simple dress, and plain, economical habits are encouraged. The cheapening and regulating of student's board—their chief expense—by having erected buildings and providing rooms and boarding facilities, save to students each term a large amount. 10. Three regular college terms, and one special winter term, each year ; thus enabling students to earn their entire college expenses by teaching public schools during the winter season, while a special winter term accommodates others not teaching, and thus to complete a four years,' college course in three calendar years. The college year is divided into three terms—fall, spring and summer. Students who teach in winter desire three terms—not two only—between the closing of their schools, about the last of February, and the beginning of their next schools in November ; so that they can support themselves by teaching without losing a college term, and its consequent derangement of a college year 11. The polity of applying all general donations or interests to extending permanent improvements. This has been the practice of this institution from its origin, and it has proved both successful and satisfactory. 12. Students taught and aided to govern, think, and to act properly for themselves. Free, conscientious thought and action are essential to the full and symmetrical development of true character and culture. 13. Care for the health, morals and comfort of students. Both the trustees and faculty take pleasure in providing every facility, and using every proper effort for promoting, as in home life, the health, morals, self-discipline and comfort of students, as well as their intellectual advancement, social refinement and general culture and elevation. 14. A college for the masses. Ignorance, or neglect of culture, is a crime—the radical bane of humanity. Every person should have educational opportunities as extensive and varied as his capacities. Those endowed with the greatest capacities rise usually from the mass of humanity, and belong to the lowly and industrious ranks. From the farmer's dwell- CITY OF ALLIANCE - 445 ing, the mechanic's shop, the merchant's cottage and the laborer's home, come the pioneers and advocates of true reform, national weal and human elevation. This college is designed for the masses—even the most lowly and self-dependent. 15. Self-government. Self-government, honest, voluntary and prompt, in strict conformity to published provisions, founded on Truth and Right, has always been the rule of this institution. As evidence of the fidelity and success with which these characteristic features have been honorably achieved, and are now daily causing their distinctive results, the following facts and statements from competent judges will rightly attest : Rev. C. H. Fowler, D. D., LL. D.. former President of the Northwestern University, at Evanston, Ill., stated, May 27, 1880, at an educational re-union (at Cincinnati) of the Alumni and the General Conference Delegates of the Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, patronizing this college, and as reported in the Cincinnati papers, stated : " Mount Union College is pre-eminently an institution of the people, by the people, and for the people, and is one of the most useful in the land. It has been in existence as an institution of learning, thirty-three years ; and, as a chartered college, twenty-three years. It has had over 15,000 different persons as students, and has graduated with college honors over 800 students, nearly 700 students being in attendance the last year." After referring to and concurring in the estimates and statements as made by Bayard Taylor, Bishop Gilbert Haven, Chief Justice Chase and Bishop E. Thomson, Dr. Fowler further said : " I have been there myself, and have carefully looked into its plan, appointments and methods, and know whereof I" speak. It is no imitation, but a true aggressive college, with live and competent men composing its Faculty and executive committee of Trustees. Its students are as smart, energetic and persevering as are found anywhere. While there is due care for the health, morals and comfort of students, they are rightly taught to think, act and govern themselves. Science and Christianity are here practically united. Its Faculty, Trustees and Patronizing Conferences are doing a grand work, and the college should, in addition to promptly completing its local improvements, increase the value of its general improvements to a round million dollars, during this centennial quadrenium, and this will be done, for its Trustees and patronizing bodies, like its President, 'are able and enterprising. The college is healthily and beautifully located on the highest ground in Ohio, at the junction of the Cleveland & Wheeling and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroads. The property of this college is worth over half a million dollars, above any indebtedness. All the Bishops have commended this college to the confidence and benefactions of the people, and Bishops Simpson, Harris, Bowman, Merrill, Hurst and Foster have delivered lectures or sermons in the college. As God is obviously in its plan and work, it will certainly triumph in the interest of the masses." Bishop E. O. Haven, LL. D., former President of Michigan University, at the same meeting with Dr. Fowler, said, " I have never seen Mount Union College on its landed estate ; but I have seen it often in its reports, in its work, and in its students. If it is to be judged by its results, Mount Union College is outstripping us all, and stands sui generis. In our educational councils and conventions, where the plans and practical- workings of all our Colleges have been freely and fully discussed, that of Mount Union has received favorable consideration and commendation. This college for the people, also its generous capitalists and patronizing conferences, are well known all over the country. Its distinctive object of making a liberal education properly attainable to any poor and worthy young man or woman, certainly merits correspondingly large means and success." Bishop C. D. Foss, D. D., LL. D., formerly President of the Wesleyan University of Middletown, Conn., says : " I heartily indorse what others have said of this deserving college, and hope its trustees, patronizing conferences, and all generous men and women of means, friendly to this unique idea of liberally- educating the masses, will, during this immediate centennial, permanently place this worthy enterprise, in the interests of the common people, in the front rank of American colleges." Says Bishop I. W. Wiley, D. D., former editor of the Ladies' Repository, at Cincinnati : " To the remarkable objects and success of Mount Union College, not only our attention, but that of the people of our country are turned. This 446 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY has become a well established college. Its distinctive plan and characteristic features should be brought to the notice of all, and be studied by all. It ranks among the foremost under the patronage of our church. It is doing a noble work for humanity, and its students are among our most energetic and useful workers. Its President and other members of the Faculty are competent and experienced, and are putting their minds and hearts in the great work of reaching the masses with liberal culture. The church and country owe a lasting debt of gratitude to Lewis Miller, the enterprising President of its Trustees ; to C. Aultman, its generous and far-seeing Treasurer, and to Jacob Miller, and other liberal men of means, whose noble benefactions to this college will be appreciated during the ages by the self-dependent youth of the land." Grants and Endowments.-1. The original grant, under which the college was chartered, was donated by O. N. Hartshorn, December 12, 1857, embracing, as appraised in the recorded schedule, all the property previously used by the institution, including the grounds, buildings, furniture, cabinets, apparatus, implements, specimens, etc., and by him, under the State and National Laws, conveyed in fee simple to the college as a body corporate and politic. 2. A series of grants by Professors O. N. Hartshorn, Ira O. Chapman and George W. Clark, donated by them from 1859 to 1864, chiefly in money for purchasing philosophical apparatus and the telescope ; estimated at $8,200. 3. A grant of about eight acres of additional college grounds, deeded to the college, Dec. 25, 1861. 4. A grant of 630 acres of land, donated by Rev. T. C. Hartshorn, D. D., and deeded to the college, November 15, 1864. 5. A series of donations, by divers persons, including many generous contributions by citizens in the vicinity of Mount Union and Alliance. of the means for erecting on the college grounds in 1862 and 184 the symmetrical and capacious main building, its value having been estimated by the architect, Col. Porter, of Cleveland, at $100,000. 6. A series of donations, chiefly by students, made prior to 1866, for procuring books for the libraries of the Republican and Linnan Literary Societies, and furniture for their halls, estimated at $6,300. 7. Various subscriptions, amounting to $34,000, by various persons, as reported March, 1866. 8. A few small grants in 1876, to apply on erecting the boarding hall, and to purchasing ten new pianos, and an addition of ten acres to the college grounds. 9. Subscriptions, aggregating $20,250, by sundry persons, made on Commencement Day, June 21, 1866. 10. The donation of $25,000, made October 4, 1866, by Lewis Miller, of Akron, Ohio, endowing the Professorship of Philosophy and Astronomy. 11. The donation of $25,000, made October 4, 1866, by C. Aultman, of Canton, Ohio, endowing the Professorship of Mathematics and Civil Engineering. 12. The donation of $25,000, made October 4, 1866, by Jacob Miller, of Canton, Ohio, endowing the Professorship of Moral and Mental Philosophy. 13. The donation of $1,000, made October 4, 1866, by Miss Libbie Aultman, daughter of C. Aultman, of Canton, Ohio. 14. Donations amounting to $2,375, made October 4, 1866, by citizens of Canton, Ohio. 15. An extended and specific series of valuable donations for purchasing mathematical implements, chemical and physical apparatus, for the laboratories and lecture rooms, physiological apparatus and specimens, geographical and astronomical apparatus (not including the telescope), with various important apparatus for teaching engineering, mining and other applied science. 16. Grants of money and materials prior to 1874, by divers persons, for specific improvements, chiefly libraries, furniture, and improvement of grounds — $500 being subscribed in books by W. A. Ingham, of Cleveland, Ohio. 17. Munificent grants for the museum, repeatedly made by various liberal patrons of this college— the value of this museum being estimated at $251,000. This estimated value$251,000--of this college’s Museum of Science and Art, is considered too low by many experienced travelers and judges of the value of the museums in different countries, among whom are the late Bayard Taylor and Bishop CITY OF ALLIANCE - 447    Gilbert Haven ; the former, after carefully, in 1876, inspecting and estimating the value of the specimens, stated, in the New York Tribune, that "The museum of Mount Union College is among the best I ever visited anywhere, and the natural specimens are the most select and valuable I have seen in any country." The latter (Bishop Haven), one of its Trustees, after also carefully estimating the value of this museum, when attending the annual examinations of classes, and the commencement, in 1874, and subsequently, when lecturing in the college, five different times, stated, June, 1879, in his published correspondence to the Atlanta (Ga.) Advocate: " It is but just to Mount Union College, to say that its curriculum is as stiff as its neighbor's ; and its graduates show that they have to do something to get out and get on ; among its appointments is a museum superior to any other college in the country ; I do not think the Smithsonian is richer." Dr. Daniel Curry, of New York, stated, May 27, 1880, in an address then published : " One of the things to make a successful college, is money well invested, and enough of it. Mount Union College has an estate of over $500,000. The first time I ever saw its President, Dr. Hartshorn, he had just landed from Europe with a vast amount of—I will not say curiosities, but peculiarities. From what I know of the Custom House entries in New York, I can appreciate what Bayard Taylor said, that Mount Union College had the best museum he had-seen in any country. Bishop Gilbert Haven had truly said that he did not consider the Smithsonian Institute's better." 18. A valuable grant of a silver mine in Arizona, donated to the College, March 23, 1876, by Col. William G. Boyle, of London, England. 19. A valuable grant of a silver mine in Montana Territory, near Bannoc City, donated to the College April 13, 1876, by James Hammond, a resident of Bannoc City. 20. A series of donations, chiefly by students, since 1866, for additions to the libraries aud furniture of the Republican and Linnaean Literary Societies, estimated at $3,300 ; also a series of donations, chiefly by students, since May 1876, for procuring the library, piano and furniture for the Cosmian Literary Society, estimated at $2,150. All moneys or property donated to the College, with all interests or proceeds therefrom, instead of any of the above being used to pay the professors or other current expenses; have, in all instances, been applied to increase the permanent improvements and facilities of the College, thus perpetually benefitting the students. The Alumni Association has taken steps to endow an Alumni chair. The above amounts do not include the subscriptions of $35,000, lately made by citizens of Mount Union for permanent improvements, including a new museum building. The educational work which this institution has, in accordance with the above principles, already accomplished, and the students instructed in the several departments, may be inferred, when briefly indicated, as follows : In the department of literature, science and the arts, of last year (1880-81): Seniors, 32 ; juniors, 23 ; sophomores, 48 ; freshman, 118, preparatory, 155 ; normal department, 110 ; business department, 224 ; department of music, 183 ; department of fine arts, 21 ; making, as a total for the past year, after deducting those counted more than once, 679. The total number of students since the origin of the institution, is 15,911, of whom 8,917 have been employed as teachers of public schools. The whole number of graduations in the general courses, in cursu, with degrees and diplomas : Bachelor of arts, 173 ; bachelor of philosophy, 114 ; bachelor of literature, 7 ; bachelor of science, 100 ; master of arts, 121 ; master of philosophy, 43 ; master of literature, 1; master of science, 97 ; total, in cursu, 651. Graduates, pro merito, with degrees and diplomas: bachelor of arts, 5 ; bachelor of philosophy, 1 ; master of arts, 6 ; master of philosophy, 2 ; doctor of philosophy, 5; total, pro merito, 19. Graduates in the full commercial course, in cursu, with degrees and diplomas : Bachelor of commercial science, 405. Graduates in special courses, with diplomas and no degrees, normal or teachers' course : gentlemen, 2,716 ; ladies, 1,458 ; total, 4,174 ; instrumental music : full classical course, 12 ; Cramer course, 4 ; fine art course, 3. Graduates, per honore, with the following honorary degrees and diplomas : Master of arts, 10; doctor of divinity, 30; doctor of laws, 3. Total graduations, with degrees and diplomas, 1,123. 448 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY. The city government of Alliance in 1873 was represented by the following officers : Mayor-Simon Johnson. Clerk-A. W. Green. Solicitor-William Pippitt. Marshal-John C. Griffith. Treasurer-William H. Teel. Street Commissioner-Z. B. Johnson. Council-B. F. Mercer, Henry Aultman, John McConnel, Joseph L. Brosius, J. H. Sharer, Caleb Steele. Board of Health-L. R. Davis, William Stallcup, C. C. Douglas, Isaac Teeters, James C. Craven, S. S. Shimp. Health Officer-Dr. J. B. Wilson. Policemen-Michael Condon, Solomon Berlin. The city government of Alliance is represented now (1881) by the following persons : Mayor-Simon Johnson. Clerk-W. E. Fouts. Legal Adviser-J. Amnerman. Marshal-T. J. Johnston. Treasurer-William Teele. Teamster-W. L. Bardsley. Council-Frank Mercer, Frank Transill, G. B. N. Coats, W. L. Bardsley, John Stilwell, John Townsend. Board of Health-Sylvester W. Sechrist, Dr. L. Dales, James Craven, A. B. Love, John McConnel, Levi Hill. Policemen-James G. Hogue, Solomon Berlin. Merchants' Police-Michael Condon. There have been twenty-one Mayors elected in Alliance since the city government was ef- fected in October, 1854, up to 1873, that being the date of the first Mayor's commission. The following are the names of the various Mayors of Alliance :

	Date of Commission
Harvey Laughlin. Harvey Laughlin Henry Chapman Harvey Laughlin Harvey Laughlin Linus Ely Simon Johnson Joseph Joseph A. L. Jones Henry Buck Henry Buck J. J. Parker Harvey Laughlin Harvey Laughlin J. F. Oliver Simon Johnson D. W. Fording Joseph Barnaby John L. Day Simon Johnson	October 1, 1854 April 1, 1851 April 8, 1851 April 11, 1857 April 12, 1858 April 13, 1859 April 4, 1860 April 5, 1863 April 3, 1864 April 4, 1865 April 2, 1866 April 1, 1867 April 5, 1869 April 4, 1870 April 6, 1871 April 3, 1872 April 7, 1871 April, 1875 April, 1877 April, 1879 April, 1881

The following are the receipts and expenditures of the corporation of Alliance for each year since the organization of the municipal government of which minutes could be obtained, up to 1872

Total receipts of 1855 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1856 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1859 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1860 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1861 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1862 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1863 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1867 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1868 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1869 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1870 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1871 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1872 Total expenditures Total receipts of 1873-74 Total expenditures of 1873-74 Total receipts of 1874-75 Total expenditures of 1874-75 Total receipts of 1875-76. Total expenditures of 1875-76 Total receipts of 1876-77 Total expenditures of 1876-77 Total receipts of 1877-78 Total expenditures of 1877-78 Total receipts of 1878-79 Total expenditures of 1878-79 Total receipts of 1879-80 Total expenditures of 1879-80 Total receipts of 1880-81 Total expenditures of 1880-81.

$ 245 18 60 16 232 77 166 54 308 58 302 34 667 35 300 95 791 25 357 99 630 27 372 38 1,291 55 716 77 7,714 24 4,984 55 9,924 63 6,126 88 9,885 70 5,707 41 12,199 63 11,628 92 11,928 32 7,792 51 16,584 80 12,367 51 12,217 36 11,209 92 34,916 66 13,429 40 20,997 21 11,497 60 27,283 64 10,055 32 25,622 21 9,929 07 44,500 24 34,597 73 53,546 85 52,436 97 26,832 02 26,461 97

David Hoover D. G. Hester D. G. Heste Jesse Reeves George McGuir George McGuir Samuel Shimp John C. Beer D. G. Hester D. G. Hester H. Camp David Hoover J. N. Ramsy J. N. Ramsy J. M. Culbertson J. M. Culbertson P. D. Keplinger J. W. Barnaby Joseph Barnaby Joseph Barnaby Joseph Barnaby. Joseph Barnaby. Joseph Barnaby. A. W. Green Frederick Berkheimer William Fouts

elected October 4, 1854. elected April 2, 1855. elected April 7, 1856. appointed June 25, 1856. appointed October 17, 1856. elected April 7, 1857 appointed August 3, 1857 elected April 2, 1858 appointed May 17, 1858 elected April 1, 1859 appointed December 12, 1859 elected April 2, 1860 elected April 2, 1861 elected April 3. 1862 elected April, 1863 elected April, 1864 elected April, 1865 elected April, 1866 appointed June 20, 1860 elected April, 1867 elected April, 1868 elected April, 1869 elected April, 1870 elected April, 1872 April, 1876 - two terms April, 1880 - two terms

In the year 1847 Levi Borton and family moved into the village of Mt. Union. A few days afterward M. D. Stallcup and family moved to the village, Mr. Borton, his wife and one daughter ; M: D. Stallcup and wife were members of the Disciples’ Church. Those five constituted the membership of this religious persuasion in the township in 1847. During the four years following this date by concert of action between between Borton and Stallcup, occasionally the services of this denomination were obtained at this point. Among the ministers who preached in the interests of the Disciples at this point during the period of foul years, might be mentioned Israel Belton, John Whitacre (deceased), Benjamin Patterson (deceased), J. Warren, Joseph Moss and J. H. Jones. There was a small band of Baptists in Mount Union, whose house of worship was obtained to hold the meetings called by those transient ministers. In March, 1852, Mr. A. B. Green, accompanied by Austin Peter, of Warren, came to Mount Union. Mr. Green preached sixteen discourses during this meeting. Mrs. B. W. Johnson and others connected themselves with this persuasion during this meeting. There were at this time eight individuals banded together to investigate the Scriptures and meet on the first day of every 3 week. When steps toward an organization was taken, the Baptists refused this little band the use of their house of worship. They met thereafter for two years in the old Seminary, or the Peoples' meeting house. The members at this time consisted of Levi Borton, wife and daughter ; Asa Silvers, M. D. Stallcup and wife, Mrs. B. W. Johnson and W. S. Pettit, at present an esteemed citizen of this city. Mr. Benjamin Pigeon, of Smith Township, recently deceased, associated himself with this organization. After the completion of the railroads through Alliance this band changed their locationn to the Christian Church, westof Alliance, at present used by Mr. Haines as a carriage house, and regularly organized, by appointing two Deacons and two Elders. Asa Silvers and Bryan Patterson, Elders ; Edwin Vaughn and Edward Pettit, Deacons. Additions ran the membership up at this time to twenty members. About this time Mr. Harman Reyes held a protracted meeting, continuing for two weeks, during which time there were some sixteen additions to the church. During the year of 1856, a series of protracted meetings were held in the Baptist Church, in old Freedom, since pulled down. One of these meetings was under the management of Mr. Dibble, cantinuing some three weeks. The results of his efforts was the emersion of over forty persons. At this time father Hester, wife and two daughters connected themselves with this church. They were formerly Baptists. From 1847 to 1857, the church had no regular or continuous preaching. Levi Borton, Asa Silvers and Benjamin Patterson officiated as ministers and instructors of the society in the absence of foreign preachers. Those three persons were the bone and sinew of this infant organization. Father Silvers and Father Patterson are both gone to their rewards. They have left with hundreds whose eyes may fall upon these lines the full memory of a right legacy of being honest, pious and true men. Mr. Borton is still with us, firm in his primitive faith, and, during the religious trials of thirty years, has never faltered in the final triumphs of his faith, and in the successful establishment of a prosperous church in this neighborhood. The first effort made to build up a Lutheran congregation in Alliance was in 1865, under the