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1050 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY on January 26, 1904. He was also president and treasurer of the Canton Foundry & Machine Company at the time of his death. In 1866 Henry A. Cavnah married Mary Niesz, her death occurring in 1873. Two children are living from this marriage William H. Cavnah of Canton, Ohio, and Minnie E. of Bourbon, Indiana, who married John Luty. In 1876 Henry A. Cavnah married Sally VanHorn, daughter of Robert VanHorn. Four children are living from this marriage : Olive, married W. W. Clark of Canton, Ohio; Howard E. Cavnah, Karl Cavnah and Helen Cavnah, who live with their mother at Ventura, California. William H. Cavnah, whose place in Canton's industrial life is as secretary and treasurer of the Canton Foundry & Machine Company, was born at Canton October 1, 1868. His early education came from the public schols and a business college, and at the age of seventeen in 1885 he was taken into the Bucher & Gibbs Plow Company as bookkeeper. His promotion was steady and rapid, first to cashier and assistant treasurer, and then on December 9, 1892, he went with the Canton Foundry & Machine Company as its secretary. January 1, 1904, he was made treasurer and has since been secretary and treasurer. Mr. Cavnah is a Knight Templar Mason and also affiliates with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and belongs to the Congress Lake Club. His wife before her marriage was Miss Sue M. Zerbe, daughter of Hiram Zerbe of Canton. HENRY H. EVERHARD. The late Capt. Henry Hewit Everhard, who died at his home in the City of Massillon. in the year 1911, was an honored scion of a family that was founded in Stark County more than a century ago and the representatives of which have played a large part in the civic and material development and upbuilding of the county. Captain Everhard himself was a gallant soldier and officer in the Union service at the time of the Civil war and after its close became actively identified with important industrial interests in his native county, especially in connection with the development of the extensive stone quarries near Massillon and the incidental manufacture of stone products, including sand admirably adapted for and used in connection with steel and iron manufacturing. At the time of his death he was president of the Everhard Company. which controlled this extensive and important Stark County industry, and he was one of the county's most hoored and influential citizens. His elder Son, Melville MeC. Ever- hard is now president of this corporation and on other pages of this history there appears a brief sketch of his career and further information concerning the company of which he is the executive head. The American progenitors of the Everhard family, which ow has representatives in many different sections of the United States, were Joseph, Peter and Michael Everhard. all of whom immigrated to this country from their German Fatherland within the year 1727. Peter and Michael made the voyage on the ship Friendship, of which Capt. John Davis was the master, and they landed in the port of Philadelphia on the 16th of October, 1727, their brother Joseph having come to the New World on aother vessel. In Germany authentic records concern- HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1051 ing the family are traced back to the thirteenth century, and one representative of the line held the office of bishop of a see at Constance as early as 1266. Early generations of the Everhard family were mostly of oble or patrician blood, were well educated, as gauged by the standard of the locality and period, and many of them held high offices and honorable positions in connection with the affairs of church and state. Scions of this ancient family are still numerous in various parts of Germany, as well as in the United States. The paternal ancestors of Captain Everhard figured prominently in the early history of Pennsylvania, and those of his mother were influential in the early affairs of Maryland, she having been of Scotch and English lineage: one of her ancestors was Richard Gale, who came from England to America in 1640 and settled at Watertown, Massachusetts, and other of her forebears who likewise immigrated from England and became residents of the Massachusetts colony were John Perry, who came from London in 1666, and William Melendy, who settled at Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1704. On the parental homestead farm, about six miles north of the present City of Massillon, Stark County, Ohio, in Jackson Township, Capt. Henry H. Everhard was born on the 15th of March, 1837, and he was the third in order of birth of the seven children of Henry and Rebecca (Slanker) Everhard, five of the children attaining to years of maturity. The mother was a daughter of Daniel Slanker, who was a native of Maryland and a man of prominence in his day and generation. Prior to the War of 1812, in which he was a loyal and gallant soldier, Henry Everhard, Sr., came with his family from his native State of Pennsylvania and numbered himself among the earliest settlers in Plain Township, Stark County, where he instituted the reclamation of a farm from the forest wilderness and where he became prominently identified with the social and industrial activities of the pioneer epoch in the history of this county, both he and his wife here continuing their residence until their death. Their son. Henry, Jr., father of him to whom this memoir is dedicated, settled finally in Jackson Township, where he became a substantial farmer and where all of his children were born, namely : Louis, Maria, Henry H., Martha A. and Sarah C. He was a man who possessed the characteristic energy, mental poise and sterling integrity that have always deoted this staunch old family and both he and his wife were well kown and highly esteemed citizens of Stark County until they were called from the stage of life's mortal endeavors. Mrs. Rebecca Everhard was summoned to eternal rest on the 18th of August, 1866, her husband having survived her by a number of years and having for a time operated the old Everhard grist mills, north of Canton, this property having been previously owned by his father, who was one of the pioneers in this line of industry in Stark County. Capt. Henry H. Everhard passed his boyhood days upon the old homestead farm which was the place of his birth, and after making good use of the advantages afforded in the district schools of the neighborhood he prepared for college by attending the high school at Canton and by study under effective private preceptorship. He finally entered historic old Kenyon College, at Gambier, this state, but his course of study in 1052 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY this institution was cut short through his response to the call of patriotism and what he felt to be his higher duty, when the Civil war was precipitated on the nation. On the 24th of July, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company E, One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, having been most prominently identified with the organization of his company, in which he was promoted first sergeant on the 30th of July, 1862. He was commissioned first lieutenant of his company on the 17th of October, 1863, and on the 14th of September of the following year he received his commission as captain. The formal organization of the regiment was effected at Camp Massillon, and it proceeded forthwith to the stage of action, the records of the war department of the United States showing that this gallant command participated in more than fifty engagements, including skirmishes, battles and sieges. Captain Everhard was in active service in the siege of Knoxville, Tennessee, the Atlanta campaign, the battles of Franklin and Nashville, and continued with his regiment until victory had crowned the Union arms and peace had been restored. He received his hoorable discharge on the 12th of June, 1865, and concerning his record the following pertinent statements have been written : "During Captain Everhard 's military career, which included the most important years of the war, he saw much active and ardous service but was fortunate in escaping capture or severe injury. He was not absent from duty a single day on account of illness or other disability. As a soldier and officer he held the confidence and good will of the men of his company and the high regard of his superior officers." In later years the captain perpetuated the more gracious memories and association of his military career through his active affiliation with the Grand Army of the Republic, in which patriotic organization he was an appreciative and popular member of the post at 'Massillon. After the close of the war Captain Everhard returned to Stark County, and in the autumn of 1866 he became actively associated with the firm of Warthorst & Suter, the principals of which were Francis Warthorst and James Suter. On the 1st of January, 1867, thy, captain became associated with these gentlemen in the continuation of the business under the firm name of F. Warthorst & Company, amid thus assumed a prominent position in connection with the development of the extensive stone quarries that had been opened by the original firm. Captan Everhard continued to be actively identified with the operation of the Warthorst quarries with the exception of an interval of about four years, during which he operated a quarry southwest of Massillon and conducted in this city a wholesale grocery business. From a record prepared and contributed, with much consideration, by Frank W. Warthorst, son of the late Francis Warthorst, are reproduced, with slight paraphrase, the following interesting quotations: "Prior to January 1. 1867, the business was conducted by Francis Warthorst and James Suter, under the firm name of Warthorst & Suter. Their business prior to that time had been chiefly that of building contractors, and they had quarried their own stone used in the carrying out of their various contracts. In those years they sold but little stone. Building stones and blockstones, however, met with increasing demand HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1053 and soon after the close of the Civil war this demand had become sufficiently great to justify Warthorst & Suter in devoting themselves entirely to the sale of the products of their quarries and cease entirely their operations as building contractors. From time to time they received also orders for grindstones. These were made by hand and produced only when ordered, stonecutters being employed for that purpose. To meet the increasing demand for these grindstones Francis Warthorst provided an equipment consisting of engine, turning lathe, hoisting machinery and other required accessories, and began the manufacturing of grindstones by machinery, This was initiated in the fall of 1866, and at this time Capt. Henry H. Everhard, a young man who had served in the Civil war, as a captain in the One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Infantry, united with the business. On January 1, 1867, the firm of F. Warthorst & Company was formed, with Francis Warthorst, James Suter and Henry H. Everhard as its principals. "It was soon found that in the manufacture of grindstones there came a large and unavoidable waste of rock. The corners cut off from the grindstones were of o value save for rubble, owing to their shape, and yet they were of the best selected rock. It occurred to Captain Everhard that some use ought to be found for these spalls and corners, and he began to watch the iron and steel industries with that end in view. Ultimately we received from some of the steel factories in Pittsburgh and other places orders for carloads of spalls, especially from Bolton, Bulley & Company, a firm which later became known as the Bolton Steel Company, at Canton, Stark County. It was Mr. Bolton of this concern who ot only especially interested himself in the use of these spalls and sand but who also called the attention of Captain Everhard to the fact that it was inconvenient for the steel factories to grind the spalls into sand and assured the captain that if he would erect machinery to grind the sand he could develop a good trade. This was the progress made in the interval between 1866 and 1872. In the latter year I went to Cornell University, and when I returned home in 1874 I found that a sand mill had been erected within my absence, though it was on a small scale. The mill was somewhat enlarged and otherwise improved about 1884 but the greatly enlarged mill, with improved process, was ot erected until about a decade later, this having later been destroyed by fire and a larger and better plant having been erected to take its place. The years I have here designated in connection with the evolution of this now large and important sand industry are given only as approximate. I can not vouch for their exactness, but that Bolton, Bulley & Company, of Canton, were the firm most interested in the initiating of this sand industry and that Mr. Bolton's urgent encouragement had much to do in persuading Captain Everhard to erect the first mill, are facts which the captain told me himself." Captain Everhard gained precedence as one of the resourceful and representative men of affairs in Stark County, and in addition to having been president of the Everhard Company, which continues the important industrial enterprise noted above, he was vice president of the Union National Bank of Massillon and had other large capitalistic interests. In politics the captain was unswerving in his allegiance to the 1054 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY republican party, and in addition to his affiliation with the Grand Army of the Republic he was also a companion of the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. On the 7th of November, 1865, was solemnized the marriage of Captain Everhard to Miss Caroline Jane McCullough, who was born at Massillon, on the 14th of September, 1843, and whose death here occurred on the 14th of April, 1902. Concerning the three children of this union it may be recorded that Ethel Rebecca is the wife of Charles A. Schmettan, one of the representative members of the bar of the City of Toledo, where he is also president of the Toledo Club ; Melville McCullough Everhard is now president of the Everhard Company and is individually mentioned on other pages of this work ; and Marian is the widow of Samuel B. Johns, who was one of the editors of the Wall Street Journal, New York City, at the time of his death. Mrs. Caroline Jane (McCullough) Everhard was a daughter of the late Thomas McCullough, who was one of the founders of the City of Massillon, and for this reason, as well as on account of her gracious personality and exceptionally broad and benignant influence, it is but consistent that specific record concerning her and the family history be incorporated in this connection. In the latter part of the eighteenth century the paternal Scotch-Irish ancestors of Mrs. Everhard settled in what is ow Jefferson County, Ohio, where they became large landholders and aided prominently in the civic and material development instituted in that section in the early pioneer days. Mrs. Everhard 's father, Thomas McCullough, was a close associate and life-long friend of James Duncan, the founder of Massillon. Mr. McCullough came to Stark County and established his home at Massillon in 1838, and in 1840 he wedded Miss Nancy Warriner Melendy, who was of English lineage and a representative of fine old Puritan stock in New England, besides being a woman of marked individuality and distinctive culture. After completing the curriculum of the Massillon schools Mrs. Everhard entered Brook Hall, at Media, Pennsylvania, in which excellent institution she was graduated, as valedictorian of her class, in 1862. On the 7th of November, 1865, in St. Timothy's Church, Protestant Episcopal, at Massillon, was solemnized her marriage to Capt. Henry H. Everhard, and she proved a wife and mother whose devotion was ideal. From a previously published article concerning this noble woman are taken the following extracts : "An ardent student, Mrs. Everhard had a large and valuable library. Fond of travel, her published letters were filled with vivid descriptions and most entertaining incident. She was one of the founders of the U. C. D. Club of Massillon and was always active in the work of literary and study clubs in her native city. By special request she served several years on the examining board for teachers, and her final withdrawal from this position called forth many expressions of regret. Her mother died in 1877, and the loss of a brother in early life left her an only child, so that after the death of her father, in 1885, she assumed much of the care and responsibility of the inherited estate as well as to fill positions in which her father had previously served. She was the first woman to be made a bank director in the State of Ohio, this office having been assumed by her in 1886. HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1055 By the judge of the Court of Common Pleas Mrs. Everhard was appointed a trustee of the Charity Rotch School, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her father, and she was made president of the board, in which capacity she continued to serve until her death. By the court she was appointed also a member of the visiting board of the public institutions of Stark County. With her broad intellectual ken and keen sense of justice, Mrs. Everhard was an enthusiastic worker for equal suffrage. She organized the Equal Rights Society of Massillon and Canton and was an active worker in the state and national associations organized for the promotion of woman suffrage. Her prominence in this field of endeavor is shown by the fact that she served a number of years as president of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association, and as an officer of the national association she was influential in its conventions and also appeared before the congressional committee appointed to consider the question of equal suffrage. Mrs. Everhard was a fine parliamentarian, a woman of commanding presence, and proved an ideal presiding officer. She was vice president of the board of trustees of the McClymonds public library of Massillon from the time of its organization and proved a specially valuable member of its book committee. As president of the Woman's Cemetery Association she gave much time to the furtherance of its benignant work, and she was also most zealous and influential in the affairs of the Massillon Humane Society, of which she was an efficient officer from the time of its organization until her death. In all her activities her earnestness and enthusiasm were an incentive and inspiration to others. A natural reformer, but ever tolerant, kindly and considerate, she was always ready and anxious to right wrong. Called to public work beyond her strength, she entered upon it as a duty, consistent and firm in her conviction that in the home, the church and the state man and woman should work side by side. Her death, on the 14th of April, 1902, after a brief illness, was felt to be a public calamity. She was a woman of marked individuality, keen perceptions, ready wit, strong personality and untiring energy. Intolerant of deceit or meanness, an earnest seeker for truth and light, accepting o dogmas, inculcating morals founded on principle, not superstition, combining with force of character a touching love of nature and a tender sympathy for humanity, she represented the best ideals in the scheme of human thought and motive, and her memory shall be held in lasting reverence in the county which was her home during her entire life." MELVILLE MCC. EVERHARD. As a business man of prominence and influence and as a loyal and public-spirited citizen Mr. Everhard is fully maintaining the high prestige of a name that has been long and worthily identified with the civic and industrial interests of the City of Massillon and of Stark County. He is president of the Everhard Company, which represents one of the important industrial and commercial enterprises of Massillon and of the genesis and development of which adequate data are given on other pages of this work, in the memoir dedicated to the late Capt. Henry H. Everhard, father of him whose name initiates this article. In the same connection is given a review of 1056 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY the family history and a tribute to the mother of Mr. Everhard, she having been a gracious gentle woman who wielded large and beneficent influence in the community which was her home throughout her entire life. The Everhard Company operates fine stone quarries in the imme- diate vicinity of Massillon, and from the stone it manufactures sand especially adapted for the use of open-hearth, foundry-core, steel-molding, and heating furnaces, and the products of the large and finely equipped plant include also stone for building and bridge purposes, grindstones, and high-grade, impervious-face brick. The products of this great concern are sold in all sections of the country, and the vitrified brick from the factories is in demand for the construction of the finer order of modern buildings in Chicago, Boston, New York and other metropolitan centers. The present president of this company succeeded his honored father in this chief executive office ; John C. Corns is vice president ; and H. T. Yost is treasurer. Melville McCullough Everhard was born at Massillon, Stark County, Ohio, on the 14th of February, 1873, and is the only son of Capt. Henry H. and Caroline J. (McCullough) Everhard. He continued his studies in the public schools of Massillon until he had completed the curriculum of the high school, and thereafter passed two years as a student in the University School in the City of Cleveland. After leaving this institution Mr. Everhard entered the employ of the Central Electric Company of Cleveland, in the drafting department of which he served one year. He then returned to Massillon and devoted about one year to service in the drafting department of the extensive industrial corporation ow kown as the Russell Engine Company. Since that time he has been closely and effectively associated with the extensive enterprise conducted by the Everhard Company. He began work in the boiler room and machine room, familiarized himself with all practical details of the business and sought o special consideration by reason of the fact that his father was the executive head of the company. His association with this business had its inception in 1892, and after having acquired a financial interest he became, in 1896, foreman of the brick department. Later he was chosen vice president of the company, an office of which he continued the incumbent until the death of his father, in 1911, when he was made the latter's successor in the position of president and general manager. He has shown excellent initiative and executive ability and his progressive policies have tended greatly to the further expansion of the business, the while he has secure place in the confidence and esteem of the community in which he has passed virtually his entire life thus far and in which he is ow a representative factor in industrial and commercial circles. Mr. Everhard accords stanch allegiance to the republican party, maintains a lively interest rn all that concerns the social and material progress and prosperity of his native city and county, and is identified with the Massillon Social Club and the Country Club. On the 12th of October, 1897, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Everhard to Miss May Dunlop White, who likewise was born and reared HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1057 at Massillon, and they have four children—Carolyn May, Edward M., Thomas McCullough, and Florence Ethel. HUGO C. KOEHLER. While it is as a lawyer that Mr. Koehler has been best kown in Stark County for the past dozen years, his activities and influence have been exerted over a much broader field than that occupied by the average lawyer. Prior to his admission to the bar Mr. Koehler was a successful educator in Stark County, and has been a leader in all public enterprises affecting the development and betterment of Alliance. Mr. Koehler is a member of the well known firm of Hart & Koehler, and as lawyers they represent an important clientage comprosing the manufacturing, banking and other business and industrial corporations of their home city. Born on a farm near Dundee in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, June 14, 1869, Hugo C. Koehler is a son of Conrad and Catharine (Allman) Koehler. His father was born in Hesse Cassel and his mother in Hesse Hamburg, Germany. During the German revolutionary troubles in 1848 Conrad Koehler, like so many of his fellow countrymen, left Germany and found a home in the New World. He located near Canal Dover in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and spent the balance of his life as a farmer. He was active in the German Evangelical Church, served many years as a trustee, and for twenty-four years was a member of the board of directors of Tuscarawas County Agricultural Station. In his home township he served as trustee, as clerk, township treasurer and justice of the peace. His death occurred in 1910, and his wife passed away in 1912. Of their ten children nine are living, namely : J. P., a farmer at Applecreek, Ohio; Charles F., a teacher at Winona, Minnesota; William G., a contractor at Beech City, Ohio; George H., a lumberman at Leesville, Ohio; J. Frank, a teacher in the high school at Canton ; Hugo C.; Mrs. Mary A. Kapitzky of Strassburg, Ohio ; Dr. James A., who died November 13, 1913, a former physician at Shelby, Ohio; Daniel S., a traveling salesman with headquarters at Youngstown, Ohio; Clark, who is employed in the rubber works at Canton. Hugo C. Koehler received his early education in the district schools of Tusearawas County, for a short time was in the Northern Ohio Normal School at Ada, also in Berea College and in 1896 was graduated from Mount Union College at Alliance. Mr. Koehler showed his independent nature and ambition by working his way through college. After graduating, from 1896 to 1902, he was superintendent of the public schools at Louisville, Ohio, and in that time prepared the first course of study and graded the schools of Nimishillen Township, and was superintendent of the township schools. Mr. Koehler has a life certificate as a teacher both in the common and the high schools of Ohio. While engaged in his school work at Louisville he took up the study of law in the office of W. S. Heuseman of Louisville and was admitted to the bar in December, 1902. Since that time he has been in active practice with William L. Hart of Alliance, under the firm name of Hart & Koehler. This is the leading law firm of Alliance, in the value and im- 1058 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY portance of its legal connections with the business and industrial interests of that city. Mr. Koehler while in college became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, was a delegate to a district convention in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and at the national convention in Washington in 1896. This is the fraternity to which the late PreSident McKinley belonged, and Mr. Koehler was one of the committee that initiated Mr. McKinley in the chapter at Columbus while McKinley was goveror of the state. On the day that McKinley was first ominated for the presidency Mr. Koehler headed the delegation from Alliance which called on Mr. McKinley in Canton, and pinned the fraternity colors on the Ohio statesman. Mr. Koehler is also a Knight Templar and thirty-second degree Mason, a member of the Mystic Shrine, and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In politics he has always acted with the republican interestS, but is not a politician in the usual sense, and has never sought political hoors and offices as a supplement to his law business. He was president of the McKinley Club of Alliance and occasionally takes some part in state and national campaigns. His work in behalf of local enterprises is well known. For ten years he was a member of the official board of the hospital, was actively connected with the Alliance Board of Trade at its organization, served as its first secretary and in 1911 was president. The law firm of Hart & Koehler have never failed to give liberal support both of money and influence towards any enterprise for the promotion of Alliance's best welfare. Mr. Koehler has also served as one of the directors of the First National Bank of Alliance. On June 8, 1899, Mr. Koehler married May Myers. of Wilmot, Ohio. They have two children, Helen Christine and Hugo Lee. As a lawyer Mr. Koehler has frequently been appointed by the court as a referee and trial judge, and a number of cases over which he has presided in this capacity have gone to the Supreme Court.. and in every instance his decisions have been upheld. The range of his intellectual interests has not been confined to the law, and much of his leisure time has been devoted to work in literature and the sciences. Both his parents were devout Christians, and he was reared in the faith of the German Evangelical Church, and has always been identified more or less actively with church affairs. He is ow a member of the board of stewards of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Alliance and one of the teachers in the Sunday School. ZACHARY T. SHOEMAKER. There are several features of the record of Zachary T. Shoemaker of Massillon which claim special attention. One is his long and efficient service with the Pennsylvania Railway Company, a service that has lasted more than thirty-five years. At the same time Mr. Shoemaker has been active in real estate development in Massillon, and is regarded as an expert authority on local property values. He is also president. of the State Bank of Massillon and whether as a business man or citizen is justly regarded as one of the foremost men of his community. Zachary T. Shoemaker was born at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1059 July 8, 1848, a son of Henry and Eliza (Eby) Shoemaker. Henry Shoemaker was a native of Taneytown, Maryland, and a millwright by trade. In 1851 he brought his family to Stark County, Ohio, locating at Navarre, where he continued work at his trade. Subsequently he came to Massillon, was employed by the railroad company, and from that city removed to Canal Fulton and was first engaged in mill construction and later conducted a hotel until his death, which occurred at the age of forty-eight years. His widow survived him many years, and passed away at Massillon in 1889 at the age of seventy-six. They were the parents of seven children, two of whom died in infancy, while the others are named : Martha, who married William B. Ritter, a farmer, and died at Newton, Iowa ; Eliza, who married Isaac Hull, who lived at Newton, Iowa, and served as sheriff of Jasper County, and subsequently went out to Northern California, where Eliza Hull died; George, who is a resident of Grinnell, Iowa ; John A., who for many years has been freight agent for the Pennsylvania Company at Massillon; and Zachary T. The youngest of the children, Zachary T. Shoemaker was still a small boy when his father died. The family then resided at Richville, where he attended school up to the age of fourteen. Since that date he has been self-supporting, and in a few years he had won the confidence of his employers through his faithful and efficient work. His first regular employment was as clerk in the old American Hotel at Canton. Leaving that position he clerked for Jacob Trump, who at that time conducted a grocery store on West Tuscarawas Street. He remained with Mr. Trump until about 1864, and then came to Massillon. The following nine years were spent as clerk in the dry goods store of Isaac B. Dangler. Then for five years he was clerk with McClain Brothers. Resigning his work as a mercantile employe, in October, 1879, Mr. Shoemaker entered the employ of the PittSburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad, ow one of the main trunk lines of the Pennsylvania system, and with that company he has been continuously associated ever since. At the same time his successful efforts have extended to other interests, and for more than a third of a century he has been active in real estate circles on his own account. Through this business he has led the way in the development and growth of Massillon by the erection of many houses and the improvement of vacant property. Among his first ventures was the purchase of the Taylor property of six acres in the southeast part of the city, which he laid out under the name of the Z. T. Shoemaker tract. Mr. Shoemaker is still an extensive holder of local real estate, having property in every ward of the city. As a judge of real estate values it is said that he has not a peer in the city. Mr. Shoemaker was one of the organizers of the State Bank of Massillon, which he has served as president since its organization. This hank has had a steady growth, has a large capital, splendid resources and has been effectively identified with Massillon finance. He is also a director in the Everhard Company of Massillon, dealers in coal, sand and brick. December 27, 1876. Mr. Shoemaker married at Bellaire, Ohio, Miss Ella V. Ogle. Her father, Capt. B. F. Ogle, who died at Bellaire, was 1060 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY one of the oldest steamboat captains on the Ohio River, and during the Civil war was in the service of the Government in charge of a pilot boat connected with the gunboat fleet. To their union have been born four children : Helen 0., wife of William T. Church, a Chicago attorney, and they have a daughter, Julia W. ; Vesta V., who married Lew Russell Palmer, who is a safety expert for the Labor and Industry Commission of Pennsylvania and resides at Harrisburg; Lucile M., at home; and Frank 0., still at home. Mr. Shoemaker is a charter member of the local lodge of Elks, in which he has served as exalted ruler, and in politics is a republican, but his name has never been connected with any public office, and this as a matter of choice and preference on Mr. Shoemaker's part. He attends the Christian Church, of which his wife is a member, and has given liberally to its Support. As this brief article has indicated, Mr. Shoemaker is a man who has won his own advancement in life. By careful and conservative investment he has accumulated a large amount of property, is a man of the highest business integrity and hoor, and enjoys the esteem and confidence of all with whom he comes in contact. HENRY WILLIAM SMITH. Now senior member of the firm Smith & Gresser, real estate and insurance, with offices in the Folwell Building at Canton, Henry William Smith has been a factor in business and public affairs of Canton for many years. For over twenty years he was connected with the police department, won promotion on the basis of merit and efficiency, and for eight years served as its chief, in that lime making the department a closely co-operative adjunct of the forces of law and order and civic welfare in the city. Under his name opportunity is afforded to note briefly some of the facts connected with one of the fine old German families of Stark County. Henry William Smith was born in Canton, -July 9, 1864, and has been kown to local citizens all his life. His parents were Henry and Catherine (Wagner) Smith, both of whom were born in the Rhine Province of Germany. The mother came to America in 1856 and the father in 1857, and they first met and were married in Canton. The late Henry Smith was a blacksmith and for some years had a shop in partnership with Daniel Parr, his brother-in-law. Their first place of business was the corner of Tuseara was and Walnut streets, and later at the corner of Piedmont and Second streets, Southeast. This latter shop is still in operation, being conducted by Henry Parr, a son of Daniel. In May, 1876, the partners dissolved their relations and Henry Smith then opened a shop of his own at the corner of Piedmont and Second streets, Northeast, and that shop likewise is still performing service, its proprietor being Henry August Smith, a son of Henry. Henry Smith died in August, 1892, but his widow is still living. Henry W. Smith grew up and received his education in the Canton schools and as a boy began learning the blacksmith trade under his father and brother. That was his chief line of work until April, 1893, when he became identified with the Canton police in the capacity of patrol driver. On June 20, 1906, he was promoted to bead of the entire department. Subsequently the office of chief was placed under civil HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1061 service rules. For more than nine years he remained at the head of the department, and during 1915 resigned and as a partner of J. P. Gresser has handled a general business in real estate and insurance, including investments, loans, indemnity bonds, and several lines of fire insurance. While with the police department he was a member of The Ohio State Association of Chiefs of Police. Active fraternally, he is a member of McKinley Lodge No. 431, Free and Accepted Masons, the Royal Arch Chapter and Council of Masonry, and is especially prominent in the Knights of Pythias, having for the last nine years been a member of the Ohio Pythian Home Board and for four years president of the board. He also filled the various chairs in the local lodge of Knights of Pythias. He is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose, the Fraternal Order of Eagles. the Protected Home Circle and the Anion Singing Society. Mr. Smith married Miss Elizabeth Schwalbach, who was born at Canal Fulton in Stark County, daughter of John Schwalbach. Their daughter is named Helen C. HARRY M. SCHUFFELL, M. D. The Schuffell family has been in Stark County for more than eighty years. The first generation was represented by a sturdy German emigrant. who for many years made shoes for the people in and about Louisville. In the next generation is a merchant of long standing and honorable record in the Village of Osnaburg. Dr. Harry M. Schuffell, one of Canton's most eminent surgeons, belongs to the third generation of this family. Jacob Schuffell, the grandfather, was a native of Wuertemberg, Germany, where he was born in 1807, and as a boy of fifteen years came across the waters to the United States, living in Pennsylvania from 1821 until 1833. During that time he learned and worked at the shoemaker's trade, and then brought his skill and experience to Stark County, locating at Louisville. There he had a shop of his own, and fashioned many hundreds of pairs of boots and shoes for his customers. From Louisville he enlisted for service in the war with Mexico, and after his return and discharge from the army he located at Osnaburg in Stark County and spent there the rest of his life until his death in 1893. While in Pennsylvania he had married Barbara Miller, who was also born in Wuertemberg, Germany, in the year 1816, and had come to America with her parents when she was a girl. She died at Osnaburg in 1895. Josiah E. Schuffell, a son of Jacob and father of Doctor Schuffell, was born in Osnaburg in 1847, about the time his father was in the army. He has for many years been identified with merchandising in that town, and is still in business and one of the leading citizens of the locality. In 1865 he married Elizabeth Young, who was born at Osnaburg in 1844, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Sheffer) Young. Dr. Harry M. Schuffell was born at Osnaburg, July 13, 1866. From a country boy he has developed his character and talents partly through home training and partly through means secured by himself for his advancement, until he is ow one of the most skillful surgeons in Northeastern Ohio. He attended the public schools of his native village, was a student in the Northwestern Normal University, and completed 1062 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY his education professionally at the Western Reserve University. He was graduated Bachelor of Science and with a diploma in pharmacy from Northwestern Normal University in 1891, and in 1893 took his M. D. from the Western Reserve University. He has made it a point to associate with the leaders of his profession and has accepted several opportunities for continued study and observation. He took postgraduate courses in the New York Polyclinic at New York City, and in 1907 was abroad attending surgical clinics in Berne, Switzerland, Vienna, Austria, and Berlin, Germany. From the age of fifteen until graduating from Western Reserve he spent his time in attending college and in teaching school, alternating these two occupations, one to furnish him means for the prosecution of the other. In 1893 he took up practice as a general physician in Canton, but now for a number of years has devoted his time exclusively to surgery, in which field his talents are of a high order. For many years he was surgeon to the Aultman Hospital at Canton, resigning that position in 1908 to accept his present place on the staff of Mercy Hospital, which had just been organized, and with which he is identified as chief surgeon and gynecologist. Doctor Schuffell is a member of the Stark County and Canton Medical societies, the Stark Academy of Medicine, the Sixth District of Ohio Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association. He also belongs to the American Congress of Gynecologists, and is serving as surgeon for the Pennsylvania Railway Company. On account of his high attainments as a surgeon Doctor Schuffell was awarded the degree Fellow of the College of American Surgeons at Philadelphia, in June, 1914, this distinction being paid only to physicians of recognized ability and experience as surgeons. Doctor Schuffell is a member of the Congress Lake Club and the Canton Chamber of Commerce. In 1898 he was elected coroner of Stark County, and re-elected in 1900. Outside of that office he has devoted himself exclusively to the work of his profession. On May 29, 1895, Doctor Schuffell married Cora M. Stone, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth (Lyons) Stone of Canton. JOSEPH KEITH BYE. A descendant of two old families of the Buckeye State, members of both of which figured prominently in Stark County history, Joseph Keith Bye, vice president and general manager of the Federal Garment Company, is also one of the well known and influential business men of Canton. He was born at Waynesburg, Stark County, Ohio, July 9, 1874, and is a son of the late Dr. Jonah M. Bye, who was born near Haover, Columbiana County, Ohio, and died at Canton in 1902, at the age of sixty-seven years. Jonah M. Bye, M. D., was educated in the public schools and at the University of Michigan, and for many years was the most prominent physician of Waynesburg. He came to Canton in 1890 and here soon attained a position of distinction in the practice of his profession, built up a large professional business, and earned and held the confidence and esteem of his fellow-practitioners. He was a member of the Stark County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the Amer- HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1063 jean Medical Association. Doctor Bye married Mary E. Keith, who died in 1898, at the age of fifty-seven years. Her father was the late Joseph G. Keith, a pioneer citizen of Canton, who was born in Loudoun County, Virginia, May 28, 1812, a son of Price and Mary (Carruthers) Keith. Price Keith came to Ohio as early as 1810 and took up three- quarters of a section of Government land near Hanover, Columbiana County, but did not move his family to this place until 1814. He died on his home farm at the age of over ninety-one years. Joseph G. Keith spent his early days on the Keith homestead in Columbiana County, and as a youth was apprenticed to the tailor's trade, at which he worked for a number of years. In 1866 he located at Alliance, Ohio, but one and one-half years later came to Canton, at that time purchasing twenty-five acres of land near the then city limits, which later he subdivided and sold, all of this property now being included in the City of Canton. On March 24, 1836, he was married to Nancy Frost, the daughter of Amos and Mary (Lawrence) Frost, both of whom died at Canton. Joseph Keith Bye, of this otice, received a public school education at Waynesburg, following his studies there until he was thirteen years of age and then entering the Canton High School, his home while attending that institution being with his grandfather Keith. At the age of seventeen years he entered upon his career when he secured a position as messenger for the George D. Harter Bank of Canton, and continued with that institution for a period of twenty-one years, resigning the position of teller in 1912 to become identified with the Federal Garment Company as vice president and general manager. This concern began business in 1910, and was reorganized and incorporated with a capitalization of $50,000, in 1912, with Henry C. Milligan as president, Joseph K. Bye as vice president and general manager, and R. M. Fawcett as secretary, which board of officers continues. The factory employs over 100 people and manufacturers a line of ladies' and children's garments, such as house dresses, apron dresses, aprons, dressing sacques, rompers, etc., and has ot alone a market from coast to coast, but a large export trade as well. Mr. Bye married Fannie Fern Harvey, daughter of the late George C. Harvey, a pioneer miller of Canton. Mr. Harvey was born in McKean County, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1832, a son of Isaac and Clarissa (Claflin) Harvey, and in 1833 the family moved to Center County, Pennsylvania. Isaac Harvey was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, a son of Isaac Harvey, and both, as well as George C., were old-time millers. Clarissa Claflin was a native of Connecticut. George C. Harvey lived with his parents in Center County, Pennsylvania, until reaching the age of twenty-five years and learned the miller's trade under the instruction of his father. In 1856 he was married to Martha J. Logan, a native of Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, and after his marriage took charge of a. mill located in that neighborhood. In 1877 Mr. Harvey came to Canton and bought the old Keystone Flour Mill, which he operated for many years until his retirement. His widow survives him. To Mr. and Mrs. Bye two daughters have been born : Josephine and Mary E. Mr. Bye is a member of the Canton Chamber of Com- Vol. III -20 1064 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY merce, the Adcraft Club and the Young Men's Christian Association. He is a Scottish Rite Mason and Knight Templar, and he and Mrs. Bye belong to the First Baptist Church of Canton. HARRY J. ROACH. One of the most popular and successful life insurance men in Stark County is Harry J. Roach of Alliance, special representative of the New York Life Insurance Company. He has made a splendid record in this field, and is now in his thirteenth consecutive year of service for the New York Life. The fact that he has qualified five successive years for membership in the Two Hundred Thousand Dollar Club shows that he is one of the ablest men in the business, not only in Ohio but in the United States. He is one of the men whose work in the aggregate has been the principal factor in making the New York Life one of the two or three world's greatest life insurance companies. He was born in the Village of Augusta, Carroll County, Ohio, July 26, 1874, and is now only in the prime of his activities and ability. His parents are William M. and Malona (Norris) Roach, his father having been horn in Wisconsin in 1850. His grandfather was the late Dr. J. B. Roach, who was well known as a pioneer physician and citizin of Carroll County, Ohio. He served throughout the Civil war and also represented Carroll County in the Ohio Legislature. William M. Roach was educated in Mount Union College at Alliance, read law, was admitted to the bar and for twenty-five years has been an active member of the Alliance bar, in which city he also served a term as city solicitor. The maternal grandfather of Harry J. Roach is B. F. Norris, who, though now in his eighty-fifth year, is still vigorous and active. He served as a private all through the Civil war, and was once captured and confined in the otorious Libby prison at Richmond. Reared in Alliance, Harry J. Roach has won his way by force of ability in the community which has known him since childhood. He attended the public schools, and his first serious work in life was as salesman in an Alliance retail clothing store. Afterwards he was associated with a. merchant tailoring establishment, but in .1904 he gave up other lines of business to become an agent for the New York Life Insurance Company. In 1911 Mr. Roach was appointed special representative with unrestricted territory, which means that he has the privilege of going after and getting business anywhere. As already stated, he is a member of the Two Hundred Thousand Dollar Club of the New York Life, and that means that he has secured a minimum of $200,000 insurance each year, and if a representative of the company falls below that minimum his membership for the succeeding year ceases. Hence it is no ordinary hoor to have held such a membership five consecutive years. Aother distinction came to him when recently he was one of the twenty-five members of the Two Hundred Thousand Dollar Club of the New York Life, drawn from the entire force of that company's representatives in the United States, who won a trip to the World's Congress of Insurance Men, held in San Francisco in September, 1915. Beginning with 1916 Mr. Roach entered upon his thirteenth consecutive year in life insurance HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1065 work, and his slogan is : "The thirteenth year—unlucky for laziness and laggards." Mr. Roach has always had his home in Alliance, but maintains offices both in that city and in Canton. His ability as a business man and his enterprise as a citizen have made him valuable to his home community in many ways. He is a member of the Alliance Chamber of Commerce, the Alliance Country Club, the Congress Lake Club, the Canton Chamber of Commerce, the Canton Y. M. C. A., the Canton Adcraft Club, of which he is a director. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, is a republican in politics and a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Roach married Miss Grace Beltz, daughter of A. J. and Edith Beltz of Alliance. Their daughter, Dorothy, was born in August, 1900. FRANK H. FABER. The vice president and resident head of the Pittsburgh Pneumatic Company, at Canton, Frank H. Faber, was born in the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, but belongs to a family which was founded in Stark County during pioneer days. He has been located at Canton since 1906, and during this time has been known as one of his adopted city's leading men of business and an energetic, progressive and enterprising citizen. Mr. Faber was reared in Pittsburgh, where he received his early education in the public schools, this being supplemented by a course at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, at Troy, New York, and his career was commenced as a mechanical engineer with the Union Switch and Signal Company; of Pittsburgh. Later he was engaged in engineering work for the Springfield (Illinois) Iron Company, and this was followed by several years passed in the building and construction of street railways at various places. He next became steam expert for the Stirling Coiler Company, with a plant at Barberton, Ohio, and headquarters at Canton, and then was made manager of the Liberty Manufacturing Company of Pittsburgh, a position which he held until coming to Canton in 1906. Mr. Faber is a member of the Engineers Club of New York City and of the Canton and Lakeside Country clubs of Canton. The Pittsburgh Pneumatic Company of Canton was organized in 1906, at Pittsburgh, for the purpose of manufacturing pneumatic tools, comprising chipping hammers, hand riveters. drills, sand rammers and allied appliances, by W. B. Ridgely, ex-United States comptroller of currency. N. C. Raff, of Canton, and Frank H. Faber, under the present company name, Mr. Faber being president, C. C. Murray, vice president and secretary, and C. H. Johnson. treasurer. The plant began operation in the same year, but the board of officials was subsequently changed. Mr. Murray becoming president, Mr. Faber, vice president, M. C. Mayo, secretary. and C. H. Johnson, treasurer, which organization remains the same at this time. The following comprise the board of directors: W. B. Ridgely, N. C. Raff, W. H. Minick, M. C. Mayo, Frank H. Faber, G. H. Johnson, C. C. Murray, Henry J. Poetjen and William J. Thompson. The concern is incorporated under the state laws of New Jersey, with a capital of $250,000. The plant employs eighteen men, all skilled mechanics, and the market of the concern is world-wide. 1066 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY JAMES A. SAXTON. No history can he written of the City of Canton without many references to the part played by the Saxton family, which was among the pioneers in this part of Ohio and which furnished many of the material and moral influences which were inwoven into the composition of the community and the impress of which can still be traced. On other pages of this publication will be found such references to the family 's contributions to early Stark County history, and the following paragraphs are devoted to a concise sketch of the late James A. Saxton, and his immediate family. James A. Saxton was born in Canton May 1, 1812, a son of John and Margaret (Laird) Saxton, who came from Pennsylvania to Canton and represented one of the first families to settle in that village. The birthplace of James A. Saxton was a brick residence, a landmark in the early city, which stood on the site occupied by the present McKinley Hotel. James A. Saxton acquired his early education in the village schools of Canton, and at the age of eighteen began a business career which was remarkable for its length and for its achievements. At that time he opened a retail hardware store, in a building that stood on a portion of the site ow occupied by the Stark County courthouse. That was his chief line of business for many years, and it brought him financial success. From merchandising he turned his attention to banking, and founded the Stark County Bank, of which he was president, and which under his management became one of the leading banking institutions of Eastern Ohio. Mr. Saxton had the best qualities of the successful banker, was a man of thorough integrity, enjoyed the confidence of everyone in the business community, had a keen understanding of business affairs and of men, and while conservative was in many ways liberal and helpful to local business men who possessed character and ability but at times needed capital for the growth of their business. After retiring from the presidency of the Stark County Bank Mr. Saxton removed to New York City, and for several years was engaged in business at the metropolis. While there he was also employed in settling up the estate of his old friend and former partner, Mr. Schweitzer, who had formerly conducted a large hardware business in Canton. After putting these varied affairs into a satisfactory condition, Mr. Saxton returned to Canton, and here spent the rest of his long and useful career retired from active business cares. The late Mr. Caxton's influence was hardly less noticeable in civic affairs than in business and banking. Few enterprises of public interest were undertaken at Canton to which he did ot contribute either directly or remotely, and the well rounded development of his home city was as much the object of his ambition as the accumulation of a private fortune. His was a life and character such as a community can always honor. Mr. Saxton lived nearly three quarters of a century and died at his home in Canton on March 14, 1887. He was twice married. On August 31, 1846, Miss Kate Dewalt became his wife. She was the daughter of George and Catherine (Harter) Dewalt of Canton. She was born August 18, 1827, and died March 14, 1873. The children of this marriage are mentioned as follows: Ida, HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1067 who was born June 8, 1847, and died May 26, 1907, was the wife of the late William McKinley, President of the United States. The two daughters of President and Mrs. McKinley were Ida M., who died at the age of four months, and Katie, who died at the age of three and a half years. Mary B., the second daughter of Mr. Saxton, was born December 15, 1848, and on August 20, 1873, married Marshall C. Barber of Canton, where she still lives. George D. Saxton, born October 31, 1850, died October 7, 1898. For his second wife Mr. Saxton married Mrs. Hettie Medill, a widow of a brother of the late Joseph Medill, the founder and or many years editor of the Chicago Tribune. DAVID FORDING, senior member of the Alliance bar, and one of the well kown lawyers and esteemed citizens of Stark County was born at Salem, Columbiana County, Ohio, July 3, 1842. The Fording family has been identified with America nearly a century and a half. His great-grandfather, Christopher Fording, was born in Ireland and settled in Pennsylvania in 1776, while the Revolutionary war was in progress, but afterwards moved to the State of Maryland. Thomas Fording, a son of Christopher, was born near Baltimore in 1781 and married Esther Ewan, who was born in the United States but whose ancestors came from Scotland. The father of David Fording was Ewan Fording, who was born in Pennsylvania May 30, 1810. He married Christina Clippinger, whose father Anthony Clippinger was born in Pennsylvania, but was of German ancestry. Christina was born in Butler township, Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1809, and died December 28, 1888. She was a kind mother, a woman of beautiful Christian character, and her influence both at home and among her friends was as a ray of sunshine. All these ancestors were of hardy stock, typical of the best in American pioneers. Ewan Fording, who was the second in a family of eight children, had only nine months of schooling, though this was supplemented by additional information picked up as opportunity presented from books and other sources until he had acquired a practical education. The death of his mother when he was young caused the family to be broken up, and a family friend, a shoemaker, took Ewan Fording into his home and taught him the trade. He was industrious, and in a few years had accumulated means sufficient to justify him in purchasing a farm. In 1846 he moved from Salem to his farm in Smith Township, Mahoning County, a short distance east of the center of that township. Smith Township contains thirty-six square miles, and the little "red schoolhouse" located at the center, was the only voting place in the township. Here David cast his first vote at the second election of Mr. Lincoln. The ballot was printed on yellow paper, entitled "The Union Ticket." Aother ticket on white paper was voted, but less popular. He had walked ten miles to see Mr. Lincoln when he passed through Alliance on his way to Washington to be inaugurated President. After selling that place a few years later (1853) he bought another near the county line separating Stark and Mahoning counties. That was his home until the death of his wife in 1888. His six children during their minority, except when attending school, lived with him and assisted in carrying on the farm work. One of his most cherished and 1068 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY constant ambitions was that his children should have better education and better opportunities than he himself had enjoyed. All attended Mt. Union College. Ewan Fording was a man of exemplary habits, always careful ot to set an unworthy example before his children or others who might imitate him. Of the five children besides David Fording brief individual sketches are presented herewith: Lloyd Fording, the oldest. worked on the home farm until the breaking out of the Civil war, enlisted in Company K, Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and in the battle of Stone River lost the use of one arm when a bullet passed through his left shoulder. He was discharged from the army by reason of this disability and took up school teaching, followed that for several years, was for two terms clerk of the Common Pleas Court of Mahoning County, and for more than twenty years was an honored resident at Alliance in Stark County. He died November 21, 1905, and is buried in the Alliance Cemetery. Surviving him are a widow and five children. Leander Fording, the second child, was for a number of years a teacher, later in the merchant tailoring business at Alliance, and being successful in that became a director of two of the local banks and served as a member of the board of education. He retired from business about 1902, and has since traveled extensively in the United States, Canada and Cuba, and is ow in his eightieth year and lives with his sister at Cottage Hill, Florida. His first wife was Mattie Griffith, who was born in Summit County, Ohio. and his second wife was Mary Baker of Alliance. The four children of his first marriage are: Arthur O.. Fording, a successful lawyer now living at Pittsburg; Harry, a traveling salesman whose home is in Hood River, Oregon ; William G., a civil engineer, living at Cleveland; Ewan, who died several years ago. Samantha, the only daughter of Ewan Fording, was a teacher for several terms before her marriage to W. J. Hahn. Mr. Hahn, who was one of the early graduates of Mount Union College, was first a teacher, and then took up the work of the ministry, and died in Florida several years ago. Miller, next in age, was a soldier in the Civil war, graduated from Mount Union College, was very successfully identified with the work of education for a number of years, but finally took up the Methodist ministry, and died at Fredonia, New York, July 28, 1908, leaving a widow and three children. Thomas Fording, the youngest son, after a few years of experience as a teacher took up the law, was admitted to the bar, and began practice at Abilene, Dickinson County, Kansas. For one term he served, as prosecuting attorney of that county, and after returning to Ohio was deputy clerk of the court at Youngstown. For several years he practiced law in San Bernardino, California, and finally moved to Portland, Oregon, where he still lives. He married Jennie Hunter, whose father, Rev. Dr. William Hunter, was at one time editor of the Pittsburg Advocate and a man of great literary attainments. There are two children, Hunter and Stella. David Fording after gaining a substantial literary education read law in the office of William C. Pippit of Alliance, and was admitted HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1069 to the bar at Cleveland September 13, 1870. On the fifth of the following October he married Esther J. McConey. Her father, John McConey, was at that time a farmer living in Portage County. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Fording were born three children : Charles Edgar and James D., who are dentists practicing in Brooklyn, New York; and Alice M., who lives with her father and mother at Alliance. It was at Alliance that David Fording began his practice forty-five years ago. In 1874 he formed his first partnership with J. J. Parker under the firm name Parker & Fording, a relationship which continued for about one year, when Mr. Parker moved to Canton and is ow living in Chicago. In 1877 a partnership was formed between Mr. Fording and Heaton W. Harris, under the firm name of Fording & Harris. This was interrupted in January, 1900, when Mr. Harris was appointed by President McKinley United States Consul to Mannheim, Germany, and he has ever since been in the Government consular service and is now located at Frankfort-on-the-Main. As a lawyer Mr. Fording soon succeeded in building up a profitable practice, and for years has been well and favorably known as a lawyer in Eastern Ohio. Many times he has been associated in the trial of important cases, and has represented the legal interests of many successful citizens, and at the same time has looked after matters pertaining to the welfare of the community. For upwards of twenty years he has been a member of the board of trustees of Mount Union College. Without political ambition himself, he has been an active worker in the republican party, has made many public addresses and has frequently been asked to preside at important political gatherings. The only salaried office he ever held was that of mayor of Alliance, in which he served during 1874-75. At that time he was nominated on a citizens ticket when the subject of temperance and the rigid enforcement of ordinances had become an important issue. He was out of the city when ominated, and while he did ot decline the nomination he did refuse to vote for himself. Some years ago by reason of the sudden death of one of the Common Pleas judges, a vacancy occurred in the judiciary, whereupon, without notice to Mr. Fording, a petition was circulated and signed by all members of the local bar asking him to become a candidate for the vacancy. In declining he assigned as a reason that he had o ambition for that distinguished position and that he had already pledged himself to the support of another candidate whom he deemed well qualified for the office. Mr. Fording has identified himself with every movement which he believed to be for the best interests of the city and community, though he is ot a member of any lodges or civic organizations. The one social membership which has afforded him the greatest enjoyment and in which he takes most pride is with the Alliance Circle. This organization is made up of about a dozen representatives from the different professions and leading industries. and was formed for the betterment and entertainment of its members. Each member is required to prepare an address or essay, to be read or delivered before the Circle each year, and also to entertain once each year. The Circle has been in existence twenty-two years, and has been a. source of great pleasure and 1070 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY advantage to its members. One of the papers prepared by Mr. Fording entitled "Whither are we Drifting," was published and widely circulated among business men. On the evening of his seventy-third birthday a banquet was tendered Mr. Fording by the local Bar Association in which the judges of the. district and former members of the local bar participated. This was a memorable occasion, and was the more gratifying to Mr. Fording for the reason that it was arranged for without his kowledge and solely to do him hoor. His address in response to the honor was worthy of the occasion and by unanimous vote published in the local papers, and read with interest by his wide circle of friends throughout Stark County. FREDERICK W. PREYER. A well known Canton business man, who is secretary of the Gibbs Manufacturing Company and an officer of several other local enterprises, Frederick W. Preyer began his business career when a boy, has been steadily at work advancing his own interests and those of the organizations which he has been identified with, and successful himself has always been a loyal factor in advancing the welfare of his community. Frederick W. Preyer, though most of his life has been spent in Stark County, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, October 26, 1872, a son of Albert and Amelia (Loeffer) Preyer. His father was a native of Germany, a son of John Peter Preyer. The family came to the United States in 1857, living in Canton for several years, and in 1865 going to Cleveland, where John Peter Preyer operated a vineyard and a winery for many years. Subsequently Albert Preyer returned to Stark County and located at Massillon, where he was engaged in business until his death in 1879. His wife, Amelia Loeffer, was born in Massillon, where she is still living. Her father, the late Frederick Loeffer, was born in Deckenpfrout, Germany, February 5, 1826, and on coining to the United States settled in Massillon in 1849, where he died September 25, 1909. Frederick Loeffer was a pioneer merchant in Massillon, and a valuable citizen for over sixty years. He was the son of a schoolteacher and himself taught school for some time and was also a musician of no ordinary talent and one of the first music teachers in Stark County. For a time he was in the fuel and milling business, and still later a manufacturer of malt. The new Washington High School stands on the site of the old Loeffer home in Massillon. Frederick W. Preyer received his education in the Massillon public schools, and his first occupation as a wage earner was during his boyhood when he worked as timekeeper and billing clerk for the Massillon Stone & Fire Brick Company. Two years later he entered the employ of the Massillon Bridge Company, and spent fourteen years with that concern. In 1903 Mr. Preyer removed to Canton and has since been secretary of the Gibbs Manufacturing Company. He has been a valuable man in the service of this corporation, an account of which and of the men whose name it bears is given in preceding sketches. Mr. Preyer is also president of the Hygienic Products Company of Canton. He is a member of the Canton Chamber of Commerce, is a director of the Canton Savings & Loan Company and a stockholder in HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1071 several other enterprises. Mr. Preyer is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In 1902 he married Clara G., daughter of the late Lewis Gibbs. FRANK A. DOWNS. On a cetain day in the year 1901 there arrived 1n the City of Canton a double team and wagon, the latter loaded with hay and grain, the former driven by a young man who was bringing with him his entire worldly possessions. Such was the advent of Frank A. Downs, who since that time has developed into one of the substantial business men of the city, a leading paving, sewer and excavating contractor, and president and general manager of the F. A. Downs Construction Company. Like many of the men who have won prosperity and position in this city, Mr. Downs is a product of the farm, having been born on his father's homestead place located between Carrollton and Minerva, in Carroll County, Ohio, February 12, 1875, a son of John M. and Elizabeth A. (Caskey) Downs. The Caskey and Downs families were both pioneers of Carroll County, where their members have for the most part been engaged in agricultural pursuits, an occupation which is still being followed by Mr. Downs' parents. Frank A. Downs received his educational training in the public schools of Carroll County and was brought up to be a farmer, an occupation which, however, was not exactly to the young man's liking, although he remained on the home place and assisted his father until he reached the age of twenty-four years. At that time he started our for himself and went to the oil fields of Cisco, Ohio, where he obtained employment, but after one year thus employed returned to the home farm. The year he had spent away from home, however, had but strengthened his desire and determination to win success in business life, and in 1901, after one year passed at home he came to Canton in the manner above described. He first secured a barn on Cherry Street, near Jackson Street, which he made his headquarters while he engaged in teaming, and until he was able to gather together some small capital was employed by other contractors. As his business grew and extended, he began taking small contracts on his own account, the first of any size being the excavating for the Stark Telephone Company 's building, his outfit at that time consisting of one team of horses and two wagons. Later, when he found the need of larger quarters, he moved to No. 342 Prospect Avenue and enlarged his operations and equipment, and about that time secured the contract for excavating for the proposed site of the steel car works of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. That his business operations were now growing to large proportions is shown by the fact that his next contract was one for $48,000 worth of street paving, at Canal Dover, Ohio, and since that time he has had contracts all over the state, and at this time accepts only the largest and most important jobs. In June, 1912, Mr. Downs purchased the large barn on Second Street, Northeast, Nos. 609611, where he is now located, and where he has accommodations for forty- eight head of horses. The F. A. Downs Construction Company was incorporated in 1912, with Mr. Downs as president and general manager. The company now owns and operates three steam shovels, as well as a 1072 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY great deal of valuable real estate, and at the present writing has contracts for work aggregating $150,000. Mr. Downs married Miss Emma McCausland, of Carroll County, Ohio, who was engaged in teaching school for several years before her marriage, and two children have been born to this union : Arthur J. and Faber G. Mr. Downs is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and belongs to the Loyal Order of Moose. LOUIS PAUL MANGER. One of Massillon's most prominent young business men and financiers is Louis Paul Manger, president of the Manger- French Investment Company, a concern handling high-class investments. Whether one considers the early disadvantages which he was forced to overcome, the sturdy industry and perseverance with which he fought his way to a foothold on the ladder of business success, the remarkable prosperity which has attended his efforts or the importance and scope of the financial and industrial interests with which he has been connected, it must be admitted that his career has been a remarkable one, worthy of the son of a progressive city in a state that has ot lacked for men of large achievement. Mr. Manger was born at Massillon, January 5, 1885, the son of Anthony and Agnes (Ruchtie) Manger, natives of Bavaria, Germany, where they were married, They came to Massillon soon after their arrival in America, and here both passed away in 1888. Left an orphan at the age of three years, Louis P. Manger was placed in the Catholic Orphans' Home at Louisville, Ohio, where the next nine years of his life were passed. He vas then taken from the institution by August J. Stuhldreher, a farmer of Lawrence Township, near Canal Fulton, with whom he made his home until 1902, and in that year returned to Massillon and entered the employ of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway Company, in the capacity of clerk. One year later he began driving a grocery delivery wagon, at a salary of $9 per week, and so continued for five years. that experience being followed by six years in the news department of the Evening Independent, a Massillon newspaper. In a small and modest way he next began to deal in real estate under his own name, and gradually drifted into the handling of bonds and investments, this enterprise growing so rapidly that in 1912 he became the organizer of the Manger- French Investment Company, of which he has since been president and active head. He has been a leading factor in industrial and financial circles of this part of the state, and has assisted in the organization, incorporation and financing of a number of important corporations, all of which have met with success. Among these may be mentioned the Portage Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, a $1,250,000 concern ; the Salem (Ohio) Bath Tub Manufacturing Company, capitalized at $500,000 ; the Kirk- Dunn Coal Mine Company, Cleveland, with mines in Columbiana County producing 900 tons daily ; the National Sanitary Company, Salem, Ohio; Massillon Chair and Desk Company ; the Wayne China Company, Woosfer, Ohio ; the Lac-Mar Company, manufacturers of paints and varnishes; and the Ohio Banking and Trust Company, Massillon. He is president and a director in the Manger-French Investment Company ; director in the National Sanitary Company ; director in the Massillon Chair and Desk HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1073 Company; director and secretary-treasurer of the Wayne China Company, and a director in the Lac-Mar Company, and is also largely interested in natural gas properties in the Wooster (Ohio) district. In the Massillon lodge of the Knights of Columbus, Mr. Manger has attained to the fourth (highest) degree, and is also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and of the Fraternal Order of Eagles. He takes a leading and influential part in the proceedings of the Massillon Chamber of Commerce. With his family, he belongs to St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. Mrs. Manger, who before her marriage was Laura E. Warth, was born at Massillon, the daughter of Frank and Ella (Roup) Warth of this city. Three children have been born to Mr and Mrs. Manger : Ethelreda, Elizabeth and Louis Paul, Jr. WILLIAM A. WHITE, M. D. Among the men of Canton who after achieving success and position in professional life have displayed their versatility by turning their attention to industrial and commercial affairs and duplicating their success therein, one who has risen to more than ordinary prominence is Dr. William A. White. For a number of years a capable physician and surgeon, with a large and important practice, Doctor White in 1902 became interested in the manufacture of brick, and at this time is president of one of the leading companies in this line of manufacture in Ohio, the Big Four Clay Company. Doctor White was born on the old White homestead, which was settled by his grandfather, John White, near Weston, West Virginia. The grandfather, a native of that state, of Irish parentage, married Katie Jackson, who was the aunt of Gen. Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson, the great Confederate leader. They reared eight sons, several of whom went to California during the "days of '49," making the overland trip and continuing to remain in the Golden state during the remainder of their lives. The maternal grandfather of Doctor White was Smith Gibson, who was born in Virginia, a member of the old and honored family of that name. Marcellus White, the father of the Doctor, was born on the White homestead, and there passed his entire life, being successfully engaged in farming and merchandising. He is ow deceased, but the Doctor's mother, who was Flora Gibson, of West Virginia, is still living. William A. White received his literary education in the graded and normal schools and at Broaddus College, in West Virginia, following which he prosecuted his medical studies at the Eclectic Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, from which institution he was graduated in 1897 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. At that time he began the practice of his profession at Leipsic, Ohio. where he soon attracted to himself an excellent professional business, and continued in the enjoyment thereof until 1908, when he disposed of his practice, his interests having been drawn elsewhere. He had become interested in the manufacture of brick, and in the year 1902 became one of the organizers of the Big Four Clay Company and came to Canton in 1908, which city has continued to he his home. his beautiful residence being situated in the residential suburb. of Edgefield. The general offices of the Big Four Clay Company are located in the City National Bank Building, Canton, while the company 's plant, one of the largest and most complete in its line of 1074 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY manufacture in the country, is situated at Malvern, Ohio. In addition to discharging the duties of president of this company, Doctor White has charge of the factory department, and among his associates is depended upon as a man thoroughly versed in the business and a farsighted, shrewd and progressive business man. While the greater part of his attention is given to the company of which he is the directing head, he also has large realty interests, having invested heavily in both city and suburban property at Canton. In Masonry, Doctor White is a member of Leipsic Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Finley Commandery, Knights Templar, Ohio Consistory, Scottish Rite, thirty- second degree, and Zanobra Temple, of Toledo, Ohio, A. A. O. N. M. S. The doctor belongs also to the Canton lodges of the Odd Fellows and the Elks and to the Canton Chamber of Commerce, and although ow retired from the profession retains his membership, in the Ohio Medical Society and the American Medical Association. Doctor White was married to Dr. Mae Emery, who was born in Henry County, Ohio, the only daughter of a physician and herself a graduate member of that profession, it having been at medical college that she first met Doctor White. Two children have been born to this union : Margaret Emery, who is three years old ; and William A., Jr., nine months of age. WILLIAM E. SMITH. During the greater part of his active career Mr. Smith was engaged in furnishing a supply of pure and wholesome milk to the City of Canton. As a dairyman he conducfed a large and profitable business, but gave it up a few years ago and is now concentrating his attention on the management of a fine farm in Canton Township, two miles east of the courthouse. His business record has been one to constifute him a successful citizen, and he is one of the highly esteemed men of Stark County. His birthplace was the old Cook farm, one of the well known rural estafes surrounding Canton, where he was born May 15, 1877. The old Cook farm has since been largely included in the manufacturing district of Canton, and part of it is now the site for the Berger Manufacturing Company and other plants, and a portion is also included in what is known as Cook 's Park. His parents were Bryan W. and Matilda (Hershey) Smith. The former was born in Marlboro Township of Stark County in 1842, son of John P. Smith, who came to Stark County in the early days from Pennsylvania, settled in Marlboro Township, but died at Middlebranch in Plain Township, where he had lived retired for several years. Matilda Hershey was born in Marlboro Township in 1850, daughter of John Hershey. After their marriage Bryan and Matilda Smith lived on two different farms in Marlboro Township, and then rented the old Cook farm near Canton, Mrs. Cook being an aunt of Mrs. Smith. Bryan Smith operated that old estate for twenty-seven years, and after a year of residence on East Tuscarawas Street in Canton, bought the old Hershberger farm in Nimishillen Township, and is still living there, having had a prosperous career which enabled him to take life somewhat at leisure. He and his wife are members of the Trinity Reformed Church. The boyhood days of William F. Smith were spent on the old Cook estate, and while there he attended the Canton public schools. He also HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1075 took a complete course in the Canton Actual Business College. It was in 1897, at the age of twenty-two, that he embarked in the milk business. In 1898 he rented the James Barnett farm, which he ow owns, and made that the headquarters for his milk trade for two years. He then bought 11/, acres of land just across the road from the Barnett place and his residence is still on that property. For seventeen years he was engaged in the milk trade, and during that time conducted four milk routes in the City of Canton. In 1913 he bought the Barnett farm, and leaving the milk business has since employed his time in looking after his crops and transacting a business as a general agriculturist. Mr. Smith married Mellie E. Kreibuill, who was born on the Osnaburg Road in Canton Township, daughter of the late Peter Kreibuill. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two sons : Paul H., aged thirteen ; and Russell C., aged ten. The family are members of the Trinity Reformed Church in Canton. Mr. Smith has been quite an active factor in local affairs in his section of Canton Township and for two years served as school director. In polities he is a republican. VERNON WILLIAM SHEATSLEY. In the rural districts of Stark County few families have been more influential and have taken a more decided stand for progress and uplift in material improvement, on the proper solution of the moral and public questions which confront a community, than the Sheatsleys, a prominent representative of which family is Veron W. Sheatsley, whose activities have been identified with general farming and more recently with fruit raising and who resides on a beautiful place half way between Canton and Osnaburg. He was born on the old Sheatsley homestead in Paris Township of Stark County September 1, 1878. His parents were William and Maria C. (Mong) Sheatsley. William Sheatsley was born in Paris Township near New Franklin in 1844, a son of Frederick Sheatsley. The latter was a native of Germany, where he married, and when about twenty-eight years of age brought his family to America and settled near New Franklin in Paris Township. Maria C. Mong was born in Paris Township near Robertsville in 1846, a daughter of Valentine Mong, who was the first member of the family in Stark County. She is still living, and has her home with her son Veron W. The late William Sheatsley was for years one of fhe substantial citizens of Stark County. He bought his farm comprising 128 acres from Mr. Balsley. Most of its area was in a swamp, known as marsh lands, and one of its conspicuous features in the building improvements was an old brewery, which had been operated as one of the pioneer establishments of the kind in Stark County. but had been in disuse for several years before Mr. Sheatsley acquired the property. In the course of years Mr. Sheatsley had brought every acre under cultivation, laid about fifteen miles of tiling, and constructed an entirely new set of buildings. He died there in 1900. He was quite prominent in church affairs and held the office of deacon and elder in the Lutheran deomination. What he did in improving his own property fairly illustrates his general stand for progress and improvement in the community, and by the strength 1076 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY of his example and his influence he was one of the most valuable men in Paris Township. He possessed many loyal friends, and such was his career that he deserves the grateful memory of all his descendants. He and his wife were married in Paris Township, and they became the parents of two sons and two daughters. Clarence V., the oldest, spent six years in the Capital Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church at Columbus, Ohio, subsequently was abroad two years at Leipsic, Germany, and has since been prominent in the ministry of the Lutheran Church and ow serves St. John's Church at Pittsburg, where he is the pastor of a congregation of more than 1,200 members. He married Addie, daughter of Henry Sponseller of Paris Township, and their four children are named Milton, Clarence, Elizabeth and Alice. Ella, the second child, died at the age of sixteen ; the third is Veron W.; Alice, the fourth, married Harry Linhart of Pittsburgh. Vernon W. Sheatsley grew up on the old home farm, attended the common schools and the Mount. Pleasant graded school in Paris Township. His career has been one of successful identification wifh agricultural activities. For a number of years he managed the farming interests of his father, and at the death of the latter took entire charge of the estate, and four years later bought the homestead. In 1912 he secured a manager for that farm, and in the same year acquired his present place in' Canton Township, purchasing twenty-two acres. Subsequently he sold five acres to his brother Clarence, who erected upon it a bungalow and spends his vacation there. The first important improvements Mr. Sheafsley made was the building in 1912 of a fine barn on a foundation 30x40 feet, while in 1913 he erected his handsome modern residence, a two-story ten-room house, built of Kittaning vitrified brick. There are few city homes in Stark County that rival this for convenience and comfort. It is lighted by electricity, has running water, bath rooms, and every facility needed for convenience and comfortable living. Mr. Sheatsley married Della Wartman, who was born in Paris Township, daughter of Theodore Wartman. The five children of their union are named Lehman F., Roy B., Leona B., Melvin W. and Eva M. Mr. and Mrs. Sheatsley are members of the Lutheran Church at PariS, and he was deacon for two years and superintendent of the Sunday school four years. For the last six years he has given a great deal of his attention to business as a wholesale dealer in potatoes and hay. At the present time, however, he is more and more concentrating his time on farming and fruit growing. and is one of the exemplars in those industries for Stark County. HERBERT DAVIS RAFF. In the modern conduct of business the chief element of success lies in efficiency in every department, and this is especially true of manufacturing enterprises. The old rule of thumb method has given way to scientific exactitude, and he who holds a responsible position with any of our large manufacturing concerns mast needs he a man of special training in his own department. A jack-of- all-trades may be a useful man to a ship-wrecked party on a desert island, but in the bustling hives of civilization it is the specialist who achieves success. An efficient member of this class is Herbert Davis HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1077 Raff, superintendent of the Diamond Portland Cement Company's plant, at Middlebranch, whose career affords a useful lesson to aspiring youth. Mr. Raff was born at Canton, Ohio, February 24, 1871, a son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth (Davis) Raff. His paternal ancestors were originally from Germany, where the family name was "von Raffensberger." On coming to America, which they did at an early date, they first dropped the "von," and later, for purposes of convenience, abbreviated fhe name to "Raff." William Raff, the grandfather of Herbert D., was born in Pennsylvania and came to Ohio in pioneer days. His wife's Christian name was Mary, and from such records as still exist, it may be said that they were worthy, industrious people, who did their part in helping to develop the section in which they made their home. Their son, Benjamin F. Raff, was born in Navarre, Stark County, April 15, 1837. When he was a boy the family moved to Canton, where he learned the printer's trade. In 1858 he made the overland trip to Denver, Colorado, and there established one of the first newspapers published in that city, also spending some time in prospecting for gold. That section was then a wild country, affording plenty of opportunity for adventure to those who were so disposed, and oftentimes to those who were ot. That Mr. Raff was not afraid of danger is evidenced in the fact that he enlisted in a Colorado cavalry regiment and for a time was engaged in fighting Indians and border ruffians. In 1864 he returned to Canton, Ohio, and was married, going thereafter to Trenton, New Jersey, where, in company with his two brothers, he engaged in the milling business, and was so occupied until 1870. Returning in that year to Canton, he became associated in the milling business here with his father-in-law, Z. M. Davis, and continued work as a miller until his death, which took place March 17, 1880. On December 25, 1865, Benjamin F. Raff married Elizabeth. the daughter of Z. M. Davis, a prominent citizen of Canton. Her father was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1817, and was the son of Zaccheus Davis, a miller. In early life he was a railroad engineer, but, having learned the milling business under his father, in 1857 he engaged in it at a location about seven miles north of Canton. Later he operated the Saxton mill, south of Canton, for a time. He then built the old Buckeye mills of Canton, and later the Sowflake mills of this city. His daughter Elizabeth, who became the wife of Benjamin F. Raff, was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania and came to Canton with her parents. Herbert Davis Raff acquired his literary education in the public schools of Canton, after which he took a special course in chemistry at the Case School of Applied Science, at Cleveland, Ohio. In 1894 he entered the employ of the Diamond Portland Cement Company as a chemist, and was thus occupied until 1899, when he went to Texas, where he spent two years in building a cement plant at Dallas. Returning to Ohio, he became superintendent of the Ironton cement plant, which position he held until 1907, at which time he returned to the employ of the Diamond Portland Cement Company, as superintendent of their plant at Middlebranch. An expert in his calling, he has "made good" wherever he has been and his services have a high market value. 1078 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY Mr. Raff married Miss Edna Cox, of Canton, Ohio, daughter of the late Melville B. Cox. Her father, born in Uniontown, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, October 25, 1845, was the son of Rev. William and Mary Ann (McNeeley) Cox, the Rev. William Cox being a prominent minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who served as presiding elder of the Canton circuit, residing in Canton for many years. Melville B. Cox came to Canton in 1868 and became secretary and treasurer of the E. Ball Company, manufacturers of agricultural machinery, also becoming a stockholder in the concern. Later he became bookkeeper, then treasurer, and then secretary of the C. Aultman Company, of Canton. He died January 22, 1901. On December 8, 1870, he married Ada C. Haas, the daughter of George B. Haas, of Canton, who was a native of Maryland. To Mr. and Mrs. Raff have been born two children: Richard Davis and Catherine E. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. JOHN C. HARMONY. Known and honored as one of the progressive and public-spirited citizens of the City of Canton, Mr. Harmony has been prominent and influential in connection with varied civic activities and is now the incumbent of the office of county recorder, to which he was re-elected, for a second term, in November, 1914. He was formerly one of the able and popular representatives of the pedagogic profession in this county and later became editor of the Canton News-Democrat, as well as one of the interested principals in its publication. Mr. Harmony has at all times stood exponent of loyal and broad-minded citizenship and his status in the community renders most consonant his recognition in this history of Stark County, which is the place of his nativity and in which he stands as a scion of one of the county's oldest and most honored families. John Calhoun Harmony was born on the homestead farm of the family, in Marlboro Township, this county, on the 19th of July, 1859, and is a son of Jacob and Mary (Snyder) Harmony. Abraham Harmony, grandfather of him whose name initiates this review, was born in Pennsylvania, of sterling Holland Dutch ancestry, and in 1806 he came from Berks County, that state, to Stark County, Ohio, where he became one of the first settlers, the family name having thus been identified with the history of this county for more than a century. In 1810 Abraham Harmony established his home on a tract of wild land in Marlboro Township, where the passing years gave evidence of his industry and effective labors, in that he developed one of the productive farms of the county, besides which he was an influential figure in public affairs of a local order during the pioneer era. He and his wife continued to reside on the old homestead until their death and their names merit high place on the roll of the worthy and representative pioneers of this favored section of the old Buckeye State. Jacob Harmony was born on the ancestral farmstead in Marlboro Township, and there he passed his entire life, a successful representative of the great basic industry of agriculture, a man of strong mentality and resolute purpose, and a citizen to whom was accorded the fullest measure of popular confidence and esteem. He passed to the life HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1079 eternal in November, 1908, at a venerable age, and upon his career rests no shadow or blemish. He was one of the world's productive workers, leal and loyal in all of the relations of life, and steadfast in his integrity of purpose. His wife likewise was born in Marlboro Township and she preceded him to eternal rest by about one year, her death having oc- curred in 1907. She was a daughter of Jacob Snyder, who was born and reared in Pennsylvania and who became one of the pioneer settlers of Stark County. John C. Harmony passed the days of his boyhood and early youth on the old homestead farm and the incidental discipline gave to him abiding appreciation of the dignity and value of honest toil and endeavor. The district schools afforded to him his preliminary educational advantages and after completing the curriculum of the Marlboro High School his ambition was quickened with desire for broader education. This ambition was one of action, as shown by the fact that he entered Mount Union College, in which excellent institution he took a three years' classical course, after which he entered the commercial depart- merit of the college and was there graduated as a member of the class of 1878. Mr. Harmony began teaching school when he was but fifteen years of age, and the passing of years found him enlisted as a successful and popular exponent of this profession in his native county. In 1887 he became principal of the South Market Street School in Canton, and of this position he continued the incumbent three years. He then resigned, to assume the post of business manager of the Canton News- Democrat, of which he later became editor, this excellent paper having been succeeded by the present Canton Evening News. Mr. Harmony continued his services as managing editor until February, 1913, and made an admirable record in the newspaper field and in the advocacy, through his editorial utterances and personal influence, of the principles and policies of the democratic party, in the local affairs of which he has been a recognized leader. In February, 1913, Mr. Harmony disposed of his interest in the newspaper enterprise, having been in the preceding year made the democratic candidate for the office of county recorder, to which he was elected by a majority specially gratifying and significant, in view of the fact that Stark County normally tallies large republican majorities and usually pluralities. He assumed his official duties in February, 1913, and in the election of November, 1914, he was again chosen the incumbent of this important county office, this second victory showing the estimate placed upon his administration by the voters of the county. In 1911 Mr. Harmony became a member of the board of education of the City of Canton, to which he was re-elected in 1913, for a term of four years. On this hoard he is chairman of the committee on teachers and his broad intellectual attainments, practical experience as a teacher and marked executive ability have made him a specially valuable factor in directing the affairs of the public-school system of the Stark County metropolis. For twelve years Mr. Harmony served also as a member of the county board of school examiners. He is progressive in his attitude as a citizen and is ever ready to give his influence and co-operation in the furtherance of measures projected for the general good of the community. He is a member of the Canton Vol. III -21 1080 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY Chamber of Commerce, is a director of the Quality Tire & Rubber Company, of Hartsville, this county, and is affiliated with the Canton organizations of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Reindeer Fraternity. Mr. Harmony married Miss Melissa E. Flickinger, of Louisville, this county, she being a daughter of Peter Flickinger, a well known citizen, and the two children of this union are Howard and Mary Catherine. the former being advertising manager of the Canton Evening News. Both he and his wife are members of the Reformed Church. ZACCHEUS M. DAVIS. At his home in the City of Canton Zaccheus M. Davis was summoned to eternal rest in May, 1887, after having la a resident of Stark County for nearly forty years. In early life a school teacher in his native county, he afterwards was long and prominently identified with the flour-milling industry in Stark County, was a man of steadfast integrity, of distinctive business ability and of progressive ideas, so that he wielded much influence in connection with the civic and industrial advancement of the county and especially the City of Canton, his character and achievements having been such as to give him inviolable place in the confidence and esteem of all with whom he came in contact in the varied relations of life.   A scion of a sterling family that was early founded in the old Keystone State of the Union, Mr. Davis claimed that historic commonwealth as the place of his nativity. He was horn in Chester County, Pennsylvania, on the 2d of August, 1817, and thus was nearly seventy years of age at the time of his death. His father, Zaccheus Davis, likewise was born and reared in Pennsylvania, where he was long and worthily identified with the manufacturing of flour, as an expert miller under the standards then obtaining. He continued to maintain his home in Chester County until his death and his wife also was a lifelong resident of the Keystone State.   Zaccheus M. Davis was reared to adult age in his native county, where he availed himself of the advantages of the common schools of the period and where he learned the trade of millwright under the effective direction of his father. In 1843 he became identified with railroad operations, and for nine years he was in the service, first as fireman and later as locomotive engineer, of the old Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad Company, the line of which is now a part of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad system.   In 1852 Mr. Davis came to Stark County, Ohio, and established his residence in Canton. For five years thereafter he was employed as a locomotive engineer in the service of the Ohio & Pennsylvania Railroad, the line of which is now the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago division of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. In 1857 Mr. Davis severed his association with railroad work and engaged in the milling business in Stark County, where he rented a mill situated seven miles north of Canton. He made the enterprise successful, and in 1861 he expanded the scope of his operations by assuming charge of the operation of a mill that was owned by James A. Saxton and that was located a short distance south of Canton. He had charge of this mill until 1863, when he became   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1081   associated with the late David Lind in the erection and equipping of the old Buckeye mills, in Canton, In 1866 he sold his interest in this property and business and individually built the Snowflake mills, which he successfully operated for many years and which he constantly maintained at the highest standard, his son Zebulon W. having for several years been associated with him in the control and operation of the mills.   Mr. Davis not only gained precedence as one of the representative business men of Stark County but also manifested loyal and abiding interest in all that concerned the general welfare of the community. He was a republican in his political allegiance and while he had no predilection for public office he gave most effective service during his six years' incumbency of the position of member of the Canton Board of Education.   In June, 1841, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Davis to Miss Sarah Essick, who likewise was born and reared in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and who, surviving him by about six years, continued to reside at Canton until she too was summoned to eternal rest, in July, 1893. They became the parents of five children, namely : Anne E., Zebulon W., Annetta, Lillie G., and Cora P. The only son is a representative business man of Canton and Cleveland.   EDWARD J. MEYER. Nearly an entire century has elapsed since the Meyer family was founded in Stark County and none has been more prominently and worthily identified with the development and progress of this now opulent section of the Buckeye State, as one generation has followed another on to the stage of life's activities. Edward J. Meyer, as a man of affairs and as a loyal and public-spirited citizen, has well upheld the prestige of the honored name which he bears and is a scion of the third generation of the family in Stark County. His native county must ever owe to him a debt of gratitude for his development of the Meyer's Lake property into one of the most attractive summer resorts of Ohio, this property having been an integral part of the estate here acquired by his grandfather within the first decade after the admission of Ohio to statehood. He has in manifold other ways shown his unbounded civic loyalty and abiding interest in the welfare of his home city and county, and is one of the best known and most popular citizens of Canton, his strong hold upon the confidence and esteem of the people of this section having been indicated by his nomination in 1914 for representative in the United States Congress, this honor having been tendered him as candidate on the democratic ticket.   Mr. Meyer was born on the old family homestead, contiguous to the present city limits of Canton, on the 8th of April, 1858, and is a son of the late Joseph and Catharine A. (Meyer) Meyer, whose marriage was solemnized in 1846, at the home of the bride's parents, in the City of Baltimore, Maryland, the young couple having been cousins and Mrs. Meyer having been a daughter of Godfrey and Catharine (Isers) Meyer. Joseph Meyer was born in the City of Baltimore in the year 1815 and three years later his parents came to Stark County, where his father entered claim to a large tract of wild land, the reclamation of   1082 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   much of which he effected in the early pioneer days when this section was little more than an untrammeled wilderness. Here Joseph Meyer was reared to manhood under the conditions and influences of the pioneer epoch and he contributed his quota to the development of the old homestead farm, even as he did later to the civic and industrial progress of this now favored section of the state. As a young man he purchased a tract of land near Canton, and improved this into one of the fine farms of the county, within whose limits both he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives, secure in the unqualified esteem of all who knew them and honored as representative pioneer citizens of the county at the time of their death.   Edward J. Meyer acquired his early education in the public schools and the Louisville College, at Louisville, this county. Later he attended a college at Emmittsburg, Maryland, and finally he rounded out his education by a course in Duff's Commercial College, in the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1876 he located on a farm on the Fulton Road, west of Canton, and three years later he purchased the Meyer's Lake property, a part of the estate of his grandfather, in whose honor the lake was named. He manifested much initiative and executive ability in reclaiming this now beautiful property, the lake being developed from what was little more than a stagnant pond into one of the most picturesque and attractive inland lakes of the Buckeye State. On the shores of the lake he erected the Lakeview Hotel, provided various amusement features and gave to Canton and Stark County one of the most pleasing summer resorts of popular order to be found in Ohio. Mr. Meyer obtained the extension of the street-car line from Canton to the lake, and after conducting the resort most successfully for many years he sold the property to the street-car company, which still continues in control of the same, the resort being visited each year by thousands of persons from Stark and surrounding counties.   In 1883 Mr. Meyer purchased his present fine landed estate, which likewise is an integral portion of the land secured by his paternal grandfather in the early pioneer days and upon which the best of improvements have been made by him since he assumed the ownership. On this eligible farmstead Mr. Meyer engaged in the raising and breeding of the best grade of standard-bred horses and along this line he developed an enterprise of extensive scope. In 1889 he erected a large training stable and surrounded this with a covered training track one-tenth of a mile in length. He thus provided the best of facilities for the handling and training of his fine horses, many of which gained records and high reputations in connection with the leading turf events of the United States. Mr. Meyer was the owner of "Black Cloud," the fastest Mambrino stallion in the world, with a record of 2:17 1/4. He also owned "Bud Crook," which gained a pacing record of 2:15 1/4, and was the fastest pacing son of direct siring by the famous "George Wilkes," as well as the third fastest entire son of this mightiest of all stallions known in the turf history of the world. Mr. Meyer was also the owner of "Wamba," a thoroughbred with a running record of 1 :44 1/2, and among the other celebrated runners owned by him at various times were "Emma Abbott," "Seymour," "Whatnot" and many others that gained   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1083   distinction on the turf. He was an enthusiast in this field of enterprise and viewed with regret the governmental regulations which brought about the decline of legitimate racing events on the American turf, the result of restrictions being that the raising of fine track horses became unprofitable, Mr. Meyer, like many other breeders of prominence, finally retiring altogether from the breeding and handling of race horses, this action having been taken by him a number of years ago. Since that time he has devoted his attention largely to the supervision of his various and valuable properties in his native county. He is the owner of the Hotel Edwards property, in Canton, and in the same has one of the finest collections of oil paintings to be found in that city. In association with his brother George and their two sisters he Was instrumental in giving twenty acres of land in Canton as a site for the great watch factory of the Dueber-Hampden Company, and he has given many other evidences of his civic liberality and well directed public spirit.   Mr. Meyer has long been one of the influential figures in the councils of the democratic party in this section of his native state and was twice the nominee of his party for the office of county commissioner, but was unable to overcome at the polls the large and normal republican majority rolled up by Stark County, as was true when he appeared as candidate for the office of county treasurer. In the election of November, 1914, he was his party 's candidate for representative in Congress. It is well recognized that, without regard to partisan lines, he is splendidly qualified to represent his district in the national legislature and that he is certain to prove a zealous and valuable member of the United States Congress. In a fraternal way he is affiliated with the Canton lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.   On the 21st of December, 1881, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Meyer to Miss Helen C. Patton, who was born and reared in Canton, where her father, the late Thomas Patton, engaged in the mercantile business in the pioneer days and long held precedence as one of the leading merchants and influential citizens of the fair little city that is the judicial center of Stark County.   WILLIAM DANNEMILLER. One of Canton's oldest, most prominent and successful merchants is William Dannemiller, who for upwards of half a century has been a business builder in Canton and has effected a deep impress on his community. He continues the influence and the enterprise which his honored father first made conspicuous for good in Canton, and for many years his name has been associated with a wholesale grocery business, and the Dannemiller Grocery Company is not only one of the largest in Stark County, but one of the most successful and widely extended in its relations and trade in the State of Ohio. Throughout his career William Dannemiller has enjoyed the esteem and confidence of his many associates and friends in Stark County. He has had varied interests and relations with the city, and has done as much as probably any other individual for the improvement and betterment of Canton either commercially or industrially, socially or in religious or civic matters.   William Dannemiller was born at the old Dannemiller homestead,   1084 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   which stood on the site of the present Masonic Temple in Canton, September 14, 1842. His parents were Benedict and Barbara (Scheiber) Dannemiller. Benedict Dannemiller was born in Alsace, France, December 22, 1813, being the oldest son of Benedict and Magdaline (Bechel) Dannemiller, natives of the same province. In 1829 Benedict Dannemiller with his uncle, Philip Bechel, came to the United States, reaching Canton in November of that year. Philip Bechel was a blacksmith, and young Dannemiller had worked in his shop for a year before setting out for the United States. A short time after locating in Canton the uncle and nephew opened a blacksmith shop at the corner of Plum (now McKinley Avenue) and Fifth streets. In 1836 Mr. Dannemiller went for himself and established a shop which became the nucleus for his growing and successful activities, and for twenty-nine years he was not only a successful mechanic but a manufacturer of Canton. He and his brother-in-law Jacob Scheiher invented and manufactured a bar- share plow, which had a large sale over Northern Ohio and Indiana. They also manufactured farm wagons. In 1858 Benedict Dannemiller retired from blacksmithing and plow and wagon manufacturing, and began the buying and shipping of grain. Ultimately his enterprise in this field made him one of the chief grain merchants in Stark County. In .June, 1869, Mr. Dannemiller bought a small wholesale grocery house formerly conducted under the name Thomas Kimball & Brothers. It was located on Market Street, next door to the jewelry store of George Deuble. Mr. Dannemiller had already associated with him his sons William and Augustus. and that was the origin of the firm of B. Dannemiller & Sons. In 1874 the two younger sons, Edward and Julius, were admitted as partners, and with successive additions and changes the business has gone on with increasing prosperity to the present time, and since April 1, 1902, has been incorporated as the Dannemiller Grocery Company. That is now one of the largest concerns of the kind in the Middle West.   The late Benedict Dannemiller was on old-line Whig in his political affiliations, having cast his first vote for William Henry Harrison in 1840. After the dissolution of the whig party he allied himself with the democrats. but in 1861 supported Lincoln. He was an active member of the Catholic Church. On December 21. 1838, Benedict Dannemiller married Barbara Scheiher. To their marriage were horn ten children, and the oldest and youngest died in infancy, while the other eight are named : Clara. William, Helena, Augustus, Rosa, Edward, Julius and Mary. Benedict Dannemiller after a long and successful career which made him one of the honored citizens of Canton and of Stark County, passed away April 24, 1897.   William Dannemiller has lived more than three score and ten years in Canton and vicinity and there are few men who have witnessed greater changes in a lifetime and at the same time have worked more effectively to create those changes. His first schooling was in a private institution taught by Jacob Lang. the school being located on Plum, now McKinley Avenue. He afterwards attended public schools, and during 1859-60 was a student at a business college at Cincinnati. Mr. Dannemiller began his active business career more than half a century   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1085   ago, being associated with his father in the grain business as a buyer and shipper. For two and a half years he was in the hardware trade, at first in Canton and later in Akron, but in 1866 returned to Canton from Akron and again with his father took up the buying and shipping of grain. In June. 1869, the father and son acquired the small wholesale grocery plant of Thomas Kimball & Brothers as already mentioned. In 1873 they moved the business from its original position on Market Street to a building of their own at the northeast corner of Market and Tuscarawas streets, and that structure, erected more than seventy-five years ago, is still standing. In 1880 they erected a new building for their business on the northeast corner of Market and what is now Second streets, and remained there until the spring of 1892. The house was located inconveniently with respect to railway transportation, and finding the expense of cartage to and from the depots a burdensome item, the company then erected its present warehouse and store, of stone and brick construction, at the corner of Cherry and Second streets.   For forty years or more the Dannemiller Company has been one of the chief coffee roasting concerns in Ohio. In 1873 they began in a very small way to roast coffee, the roasting apparatus being in the old Dannemiller home place. Subsequently they put in roasters at the rear of the building now occupied by Caldwell & Company, merchants, at the northeast corner of Second and North Market. On the completion of the new building the coffee roasters were installed, and that is one of the important departments of the plant. and the coffees put out by the Dannemillers are among the most popular with the trade in Ohio and various states of the Middle West. The Dannemiller Company has its own railway switches, and all goods are delivered directly into the building from carload lots and the distribution facilities are equally advanced.   As a citizen Mr. Dannemiller has been active and prominent in Canton affairs for many years. He served on the original Canton Board of Sewer Commissioners, was its president, and to that board the city is indebted for its present efficient sewerage system. He was also a member of Canton's first Board of Trade. an organization that did much to bring industries to the city. He was chairman of the committee which raised the bonus fund of $100.000 in 1886 in order to secure the location of the Dueber watch works at Canton. He was a member of the building committee which had charge of the building of St. Peter's Catholic Church and school. A detailed review of Canton's progressive movement during the past forty or fifty years would indicate the active relations of the Dannemiller family with practically every undertaking of any importance during this time.   On May 28, 1868, Mr. Dannemiller married Louise Hemann, daughter of Joseph A. Hemann of Cincinnati. Mr. and Mrs. Dannemiller have lived as man and wife for more than forty-seven years.   WILLIAM ELSWORTH MOULTON, D. D. S. More than a quarter of a century passed as the only dental practitioner of Canal Fulton has drawn the career of Dr. William Elsworth Moulton within the fold of a large and emphatic need, giving him an increasing outlet for a wealth of professional and general usefulness. his time has not been given   1086 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   unreservedly to his profession, however, for in the fashioning of a broad and liberal citizenship his energies have gone out beyond his immediate sphere of activity, and have included participation in politics, society and general local undertakings   Doctor Moulton was horn on the home farm, about 2 1/2 miles from Uniontown, in Lake Township, Stark County, Ohio, November 15, 1864, a son of Charles A. and Harriet (Long) Moulton. His father was born in 1833, in Portage County, Ohio, a son of Anson Moulton, a native of Connecticut, who was a pioneer of the Western Reserve. The great- grandfather of Doctor Moulton was Judge Luther Moulton, who had the distinction of being the first judge of Portage County, Ohio, where he rounded out a long and distinguished career as a jurist. Anson Moulton, after coining to Ohio, engaged in farming, and here the balance of his career was passed.   Several years before the birth of Doctor Moulton, his father came into Stark County, but after a comparatively short period returned to Portage County, where he continued to be engaged in farming until his death, October 7, 1899. He was known as one of the substantial and public-spirited men of his community, reliable in his engagements and honorable in all transactions, and won and held the regard of his fellow-citizens. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mrs. Moulton was also an adherent, and was connected with the local lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was twice married, Harriet Long being his second wife. She was born at Manheim, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, May 16, 1839, and was left an orphan as a child of seven years. She was a widow when she came to Stark County to visit relatives, and here met and married Mr. Moulton. They became the parents of one son : William Elsworth of this review, while to her former marriage there had been one daughter born to Mrs. Moulton : Mannie, who is the wife of Dr. Finley B. Richards, a practicing physician and surgeon of Uniontown, Stark County.   William Elsworth Moulton was brought up amid the agricultural surroundings of the home farm, and when not engaged in assisting his father in its operation, was a student at the district schools. He showed himself an apt, retentive and rather precocious scholar and before he reached the age of sixteen years he was engaged in teaching school, a vocation which he followed during four winters. In the meantime, during the spring terms, he attended Mount Union College, where he took a commercial course and special studies, and when he left that institution enrolled as a student at the University of Michigan, where he was graduated from the dental department in the class of 1886, with the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery.   Thus thoroughly equipped, Doctor Moulton began the practice of his profession at Akron, in partnership with Dr. F. E. Lyon, who had been his preceptor. In the following spring, Doctor Moulton went to Uniontown, where he practiced for a short tilde, and in 1889 came to Canal Fulton, and here has since continued as the only dental practitioner of the city ever since. He has acquired a large and profitable clientele, and by keeping himself fully abreast of all current developments and improved methods in his art, has maintained an excellent   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1087   professional standing, and inspired confidence in his skill throughout the community. Meanwhile, his amiable disposition and genial deportment have gained him many warm friends.   On February 2, 1903, Doctor Moulton was appointed postmaster at Canal Fulton, during the Roosevelt administration, and this position he has continued to hold to the present time. A stanch republican, in 1898 he had been elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, in which body he was known as a working member, striving earnestly for the best interests of his constituents and his community. On July 23, 1899, he was appointed justice of the peace of Canal Fulton, to complete an unexpired term, and so acceptably discharged the duties of that office that in November of the same year he was elected for a full term. He has also contributed to the educational welfare of the locality, having been, as at present a member of the school board, for a period of sixteen years, during eight years of which time he has served in the office of president of that body. Doctor Moulton is also well and favorably known in fraternal circles, belonging to Elliott Lodge, F. & A. M., in which he has filled all the chairs, including that of master in which he presided for two terms. With the members of his family, he belongs to the Presbyterian Church.   Doctor Moulton was married at Uniontown, Ohio, July 3, 1887, to Bertha E. Smith, of Suffield, Portage County, Ohio, daughter of Orrin and Jeanette (Cross) Smith, both of Yankee stock. Three-children have been horn to Dr. and Mrs. Moulton, namely: Nellie B., who was educated in the schools of Canal Fulton and is now serving as assistant postmaster under her father; Maude M., educated in the graded and high schools of Canal Fulton, and at an Akron commercial college, and now a clerk in the office of County Clerk Charles Kirk, at Canton; and Corinne A., who is attending the Canal Fulton High School.   JESSE W. TEETERS. The history of the City of Alliance, particularly its earlier epochs. might he written as incidents in the history of the Teeters family. The late Elisha Teeters laid out and platted and for many years was foremost in developing and improving the city. He passed to his reward at a ripe old age, and among his children Jesse W. Teeters, whose career has been spent mainly as a farmer, is now living retired in the city which his father practically founded.   Jesse W. Teeters was horn two miles northwest of the present City of Alliance June 5. 1836, a son of Elisha and Eliza (Webb) Teeters. both natives of Columbiana County. The grandparents, John and Mary (Cook) Teeters were married May 29, 1805, probably at Salem, though practically nothing is known of their earlier history. John Teeters who died in 1867 at the age of eighty-six had served with the rank of a colonel in the War of 1812, was for many years a farmer in Columbiana County. but in 1859 came to Stark County and lived retired at Alliance. Elisha was his oldest son, and others were: Jonathan, who spent most of his life on a farm near Alliance but finally removed to Iowa; Job, who settled on a farm west of Alliance about 1848 and died there at a good old age. only one of his descendants being left in this county, his daughter, Mrs. James Shafer, whose home is three miles   1088 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   west of Alliance. John who spent many years as a farmer near Home- worth, and finally retired and died at Homeworth about 1906, his widow being now a resident of Stark County. The daughters in this generation, all of them sisters of Elisha Teeters, were: Margaret, who married Samuel Scofield and lived in Indiana; Ann, who married Armstrong Blackburn, died at Salem; Mary, who married George Row and died in Columbiana County; Martha, who married David Minser, a farmer of Stark County, where she died; Susan, who married Richard Lee, lived in Stark County and died in Alliance; Jane, who married Simeon Johnson, who was at one time superintendent of waterworks and mayor at Alliance and filled the office of justice of the peace at the time of his death, his son 'Toward Johnson being now a resident of Cleveland.   Elisha and Eliza (Webb) Teeters were married July 16, 1835, and at once settled on wild land two miles northwest of Alliance, where their son Jesse W. was born in the following year. Elisha Teeters had 172 acres which he put into cultivation and made a splendid farm, gaining something more than a local reputation as a breeder of sheep. When a railroad was built through this vicinity about 1851, he bought a farm and laid out a town. The east border of Alliance was Liberty Street, the railroad crossed the northeast corner, while Union Avenue was the west line. Main Street was about the center of his eighty acres. He held the first public sale on September 15, 1851. The first lot sold was at the corner of Freedom and Main streets, and brought $35. He sold it on condition that it must be improved with a building and a hotel was erected there, and this site has always had a hotel or some other public house. The lot at the corner of Linden and Main streets, opposite the Lexington Hotel, was sold for $16, and one of the old landmarks of the city covering that ground was torn down in 1915. Only three lots were sold the first day, but in the following year real estate transfers in the little village became more lively. Mr. Teeters donated the site for the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the old church building is now incorporated in the present Scranton Block. He gave the present site of the Baptist Church at the corner of Freedom and Market streets. In company with Mr. Weickard Mr. Teeters in 1S63 erected a block where the Alliance Bank Building, a six-story structure, now stands. This building was constructed in 1863 and stood for fifty years until torn down in 1913. In that old building Mr. Teeters opened a bank, the first institution of its kind in Alliance, and subsequently became a charter director of the First National Bank. The building at that location has always been used for banking purposes, and the ground is now the most valuable corner in the city. Mr. Teeters was the owner of the land for a great many years. He was a member of the firm of Teeters, Lamborn & Company which bought land east and south of the original plat and gave to Alliance the Teeters-Lamborn Addition of some 160 acres. This was laid out about 1854 or 1855. This company donated land to a number of factory enterprises in that section of the city.   The home of Mr. Teeters during all these years was on his old farm, but about 1866 he bought another farm northwest of town known as the Ross place. He remained there some years, and in the early '80s   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1089   built a house just northwest of the main section of the city, with grounds of fourteen acres, and died at that home June 15, 1899. He was born January 11, 1814, and was at the patriarchal age of eighty-five when death claimed him. His first wife, and the mother of Jesse W., died in January, 1866. Elisha Teeters married again, Sarah Hester, who survived him by four years, becoming his wife.   For many years Mr. Teeters did a considerable business for the railroad company. He also was in the store and warehouse business during war times as a member of the firm of Teeters, Bates & Company. In public affairs he was a county commissioner two years during the late '50s and early '60s, and though a democrat was not much of a party man. He belonged to the Christian Church, but his body was laid to rest in Alliance Cemetery.   All his family of ten children were by his first wife, and all but one reached mature years. They are mentioned briefly as follows: Jesse W.; Mary Susan, who died at Canton at the age of sixty-two, married John Skimp, who was one of the early railroad agents at Canton; Richard, who died when near sixty years of age, was a banker and later a grocer ; Ellen, who died on the farm: Rachel, widow of James Ammerman, a former attorney at Alliance; Frank, who died in Kansas having gone into the cattle business in that state many years ago, and was about fifty-eight when he died: Rosa J. (Mrs. C. C. Edson), who is now living in Kansas City; Charles, a Kansas cattle man; E. Prentiss, of Cleveland: Laura E., wife of W. K. Fogg, living in Pasadena, California.   Jesse W. Teeters spent practically all his active years on the farm of his father. He bought the place at the time of his marriage at the age of thirty. An old house stood there which had been constructed about 1840. and in the course of his own lifetime he did much to improve and beautify the old home. He was specially active as a stock grower and for a number of years made a specialty of Shorthorn cattle. He finally sold his farm in 1902, and has since lived partially retired in Alliance. Outside of farming. his interests have been comparatively few. He served on the township hoard of review and was township assessor for some years. Like his father he is a democrat. His most important participation in business was as the executor of his father's large estate, and in that capacity he had the management of some of the property included in the Teeters-Lamborn Addition to the city.   Mr. Teeters was married June 28, 1866, to Addie Brosius, daughter of Amos and Esther Brosius. She was horn in Columbiana County but grew up in Stark County. the old Bresius home being three and a half miles south of Mount Union. Her father died at the age of seventy- three, and her mother at the age of eighty-eight in 1899. Mrs. Teeters is the only ore of four daughters still living. One sister Hannah, who died in 1914, was the wife of Daniel J. Powell of Damascus, Ohio, while the sister Mary died in childhood and Alice V.. who died at the age of twenty-two in 1881, was a teacher in the children's home. Mr. and Mrs. Teeters had but one daughter, Mary Mabel, who died June 26, 1908, at the acre of thirty-nine, as the wife of Lara L. Lamborn. of Marion, Ohio. She left two children, Leroy and Mabel Louise. The latter was three years of age at the time of her mother's death, and was subse-   1090 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   quently reared in the home of her grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Teeters.   ARTHUR A. REEVES. One of the leading industrial plants of Alliance is the Reeves Bros. Company. That corporate title has been in existence more than forty years, and for more than twenty years the concern has been an important asset of the City of Alliance. About 700 men are employed in the plant and in the erection of special jobs in Ohio and elsewhere. The product is heavy and light steel plate construction and general machine shop work. A complete list of the products would include blast furnaces, converters, ladles, riveted pipe, oil refineries complete, car tanks, storage tanks, creosoting cylinders, cement manufacturing machinery, rotary drying machinery, mining machinery, rubber manufacturing machinery, rolling mill machinery and a large line of special machinery.   Arthur A. Reeves the treasurer of the Reeves Bros. Company was born at Niles, Ohio, November 14, 1880. His father is George Reeves, president of the Reeves Bros. Company. His mother's maiden name was McIntosh. His father was born in England and his mother in Scotland. George Reeves came to America about 1862, first locating at Connelsville, Ohio, and in 1891 came to Alliance. He founded the present business of Reeves Bros. Company in 1871, associated with his brother Jeremiah Reeves. Though still president of the business he takes little active part in its management. He and his wife are living practically retired in Alliance. Of their six children five are living: Miss Elizabeth of Alliance; Albert G. Reeves of Alliance ; James A. of Warren, Ohio; Mrs. Mayme R. Zang of Ravenna, Ohio; and Arthur A.   Arthur A. Reeves received his early education in the high school at Alliance and attended the University School at Cleveland. As soon as he left school he entered the factory of his father, and since May, 1901, has been treasurer of the company. He is also active in local affairs, is a member of the city council, and in politics is a republican. He is a member of the board of trade, belongs to the Presbyterian Church and has affiliations with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On September 21, 1904, Mr. Reeves married Grace Greenwood Ballard of Alliance. Their four children are George Ballard, Luther Whitcomb, Frank McIntosh and Annabelle.   ARTHUR T. HILLES. In the rural community about Mount Union some of the finest families, those most useful in performing the heavy pioneer work of the community, and also in extending and strengthening the moral fiber and the social institutions, have been people of the Quaker faith, and of these one of the first to deserve mention is that of Hilles. Arthur T. Hilles is a representative in a second or third generation of these families in Stark County.   Though nearly all his life has been spent in Stark County, Mr. Hilles was born at New Albany, Mahoning County, two miles from Salem on January 12, 1842. His parents were Enos and Mary Ann (Harris) Hilles. His father was a native of Chester County, Pennsylvania, and his mother of Adams County of that state. They were married about   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1091   1840. Both the Hilles and Harris families came to Eastern Ohio bementween 1830 and 1832 and located where the Fairmont Children's Home is now located, about five miles south of Alliance. The Hilles family homestead was half a mile south of the site of the home. The grandparents who thus came to Stark County in those early days were Robert and Jane (Lee) Hilles, while the maternal grandparents were Jacob and Mary Harris. All of them were Quakers, and others of that simple faith who came about the same time was James Barnaby and Thomas Rakestraw. These people lived in one community, and soon started a Society of Friends, the meeting being held on the Rakestraw farm, where the Children's Home Cemetery is now located. The old underground railway had a station there, and these Quakers showed their opposition to the institution of slavery by helping to freedom every runaway slave who arrived in that haven of refuge. Longevity has been a characteristic of both the Hilles and Harris families, and nearly all the older generation lived to be past eighty. There were seven children in the Hilles and seven in the Harris family in the grandparents' generation. The last of them to pass away was Benjamin Harris. Among the children of the Hilles family were: Isaac, Enos, William, Mary, wife of Charles Brosius, Ann, wife of Job Lamborn of Salem. Isaac was a farmer in Stark and Columbiana counties and died when past eighty. William lived and died in Stark County, and his two daughters are living at Mount Union, Mary and Nettie. Of the Harris children should be mentioned Samuel, who lived in Stark County, and Joel; Frances, a daughter of Joel Harris, is the wife of Professor Vaughn, principal of the high school at Alliance. Another daughter married Dr. L. B. Santee of Marlboro. Another of the family was Heaton W. Harris, who under appointment from President McKinley served as consul general to Germany, having read law under David Fording and practiced at Alliance. Another son of Joel Harris was Curtis L., who was a student in the office of David Fording and is now an attorney at Eldorado, Kansas.   Enos Hilles located on the old farm near Mount Union about 1850, and that place is now occupied by his son Arthur T. There he completed his work in clearing up the land and cultivating the soil until his death. He was interested in public affairs, served as township official, and was prominent in the meetings of the Friends Society. His death occurred in 1895 at the age of seventy-eight, his wife having preceded him four years. Their children were: Arthur T.; Jennie, wife of Johnson Grant, of Mount Union ; Howard, who was admitted to the bar about 1863: practiced law for some years at Kansas, and is now living retired at Schenectady, New York; Charles, a farmer at Bourbon, Indiana ; Ella, wife of Dr. B. J. Dowds, present county coroner of Stark County.   Arthur T. Hilles grew up on the farm where he now lives, and farming has been his regular business since about 1865. He placed his greatest emphasis on cattle feeding, and at one time had something of a local reputation in the handling and breeding of Shorthorn cattle. He still owns his part of the old homestead, but for the past four years has lived in quiet retirement from the active cares and responsibilities of life. He and his family have always been republican and he has given service   1092 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   as a township trustee. On February 2, 1862, Mr. Hilles enlisted in Company K of the Seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry, and on the expiration of his term of service he veteranized and continued with the Union army until the triumphant conclusion. The first action at which he was present was Fort Donelson, followed by Shiloh; he was with Grant at Vicksburg, with Sherman on the Atlanta campaign, and in all the many battles was usually in a position well to the front. He was in the Fifteenth Corps under McPherson in the march to the sea. For a time his company served as guard at headquarters. In the grand review of the Union armies in Washington some weeks after the close of the war, his regiment led the great pageant clown Pennsylvania Avenue. and as color bearer, a position Mr. Hilles had held for a year, he bore the first stand of colors in that great and ever to be remembered procession.   On September 11, 1867, Mr. Hilles married Phebe A. Lilley, of Washington County, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Solomon Lilley, whose life and career are mentioned on other pages. Mrs. Mlles died September 5, 1897, after they had lived together as man and wife thirty years. The three children are as follows: Frank E. Hilles, who now occupies and operates a part of the old Hilles homestead ; Lillie. who married Victor Guittard and died about 1903; and Elizabeth, who lives at home with her father, graduated from normal school in 1891 and from Mount Union College in 1895 and for one year was engaged in teaching. She is a member and secretary of the Mount Union College Woman's Club, and worships in the Union Avenue Methodist Church. Mr. Mlles is a birthright member of the Society of Friends. He belongs to the Grand Army post, has kept up his associations with old army comrades, has visited the great battlefield of Gettysburg, but has never been over the course followed by his own regiment on its campaigns through the Southern States.   NORMAN W. CLARK. Among Stark County's prominent young men in public life, and an official who has shown himself faithful and efficient in the discharge of his duties, is Norman W. Clark, deputy clerk of the county courts. Entering upon his career as a lawyer, Mr. Clark gave up his profession to accept the position which he now occupies, and for which he has shown himself singularly fitted. Mr. Clark was born on the home farm in Jefferson County, near Richmond, Ohio, April 25, 1883, and is a son of Andrew J. and Elizabeth J. (Norman) Clark.   Robert Clark, the grandfather of Norman W. Clark, was horn at Killeter, County Tyrone, Ireland, and came to the United States in 1817, settling at Steubenville. Ohio, where he was married to Catherine Nelson, also a native of Killeter. Later they settled on the property which later became known as the Clark homestead, near Richmond, Ohio, and there the remaining years of their lives were passed. Andrew J. Clark was horn on the homestead place in Jefferson County, and there his entire life was spent in agricultural pursuits, his death occurring in 1892. He was an industrious and practical farmer and a good and public-spirited citizen, winning the respect of his fellow men and rounding out a life of usefulness and probity. The mother of Norman W.   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1093   Clark was born six miles from Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, in 1832, and died at Alliance, February 11, 1907. She was the daughter of William Norman, who was a native of Jefferson County, Ohio. and the son of Henry Norman, a native of Culpeper County, Virginia, whose sister, Lucy Norman, became the mother of Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, who was secretary of war in the cabinet of President Lincoln. Henry Norman was the son of Thomas Norman, the latter the son of Joseph Norman, who came to America from England on the ship Primrose, landing at the Colony of Virginia, February 11, 1635, and of which colony he was one of the earliest settlers.   Norman W. Clark was reared on the farm on which he was born, and was fourteen years of age when he removed with his mother to Alliance, Ohio, where he was graduated from the Alliance high School in 1901 and again in 1910, and subsequently commenced reading law in the offices of Hart & Koehler, being admitted to the bar in 1910. Mr. Clark began practice at Alliance and followed his professional career for two years with satisfying success, but relinquished his practice to give his entire attention to the duties of deputy clerk of the courts of Stark County, to which important office he was appointed by Clerk Kirk, August 4, 1913. He is prominent in official and political circles, is an active republican, and has made himself deservedly popular with the people of the county. Fraternally he is connected with Conrad Lodge No. 266, Free and Accepted Masons, and Lone Rock Lodge No. 266, Knights of Pythias of Alliance. He is a member of the Alliance Board of Trade. and is a valued member of the Ad. Club.   Mr. Clark married Miss Charlotte Leggett, daughter of William B. Leggett, of Alliance, and they have one daughter: Mary Louise, who was born in 1914.   SOLOMON PHILLIP LILLEY. A fearless, outspoken and useful member of his community, Solomon Phillip Lilley lived a life that contained many interests and activities, and what he did, useful though it was, was not more important than the manner of his life and the fulfillment of his ideals and character.   Solomon Phillip Lilley was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, November 26, 1826, and died at the old home half a mile west of Mount Union in Stark County January 24, 1913. His personal recollections covered a period of more than three quarters of a century, and for more than six decades he lived in Stark County. He was the oldest son of Ellis and Elizabeth (Phillip) Lilley, who were natives of Chester County, Pennsylvania, and were Hicksite Quakers in religion. They spent their lives in Pennsylvania, and at their death were laid to rest in Westland Cemetery in Washington County. The grandfather Thomas Lilley settled in Washington County in the pioneer days of Southwestern Pennsylvania. Besides Solomon P. two of his sisters came to Stark County, Elizabeth, wife of Dr. R. B. Johnson, formerly of Alliance but now of Riverside, California, and Phoebe A., who died in Stark County as the wife of Arthur T. Hilles, her husband occupying a part of the old Hilles homestead. Ellis Lilley during his lifetime owned a farm in Stark County, given him by his wife's father, Solomon   1094 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   Phillips, and half of that farm was granted to Solomon P. Lilley, who came to Stark County in 1853.   Solomon P. Lilley was married September 13, 1853, to Emeline Heaton of Washington County, Pennsylvania. She was a Presbyterian, and while he was of the Hicksite Quaker faith, he was not turned out of church on account of his marriage, and for many years worshiped in its belief. He attended the Salem Yearly Meeting. Immediately after the wedding Mr. and Mrs. Lilley removed to Stark County. He brought with him a thorough experience gained on his father's farm in Pennsylvania, and had also had charge of a grist mill at Greenfield in Washington County. After coming to Stark County he soon sold the place given him by his father and bought the present farm near Mount Union. Most of the land was still in the woods, one small field being all that was cleared. At that time it was located three quarters of a mile from Mount Union on the State Road. There for more than sixty years he lived, labored industriously in clearing up and improving his land, and by an additional purchase of twenty acres made a farm aggregating 100 acres. All of this was under cultivation before his death, and as a farm it had some special distinctions in this agricultural district. He was for many years noted as a successful sheep breeder. According to the opinion of many well informed on agricultural matters, his farm management was not excelled by any exhibited in Stark County during his time. He well exemplified the principle of blessed is the man who makes two blades of grass grow where one had grown before, and he took as much joy in the fact of producing something for the world's consumption as for the financial rewards that repaid his efforts. He took a personal interest, it seemed, in his live stock, and was peculiarly successful in its management. He kept the best grades of Shorthorn cattle, and also fed many hogs.   Outside of his farm his interests were largely represented in the schools of his home district and also in the welfare of Mount Union College. In the early days he had aligned himself with the abolitionists, and many times assisted slaves to escape on their journey from the South to the North over the underground railway. In his youth he had been a schoolmate of James G. Blaine in Northwestern Pennsylvania, was an ardent supporter of Mr. Blaine in his political career, and one time when that eminent statesman passed through Alliance Mr. Lilley met him at the station and enjoyed a pleasant visit.   Some of the personal characteristics and habits of this sturdy old citizen, who lived to he an octogenarian, can well be recalled as an example of what simple living and high thinking will do for a life of usefulness. He was always temperate, both in eating and drinking, did not use tea, coffee, tobacco or liquor, though in earlier days he had used tea and coffee, but gave them up when he felt they were injurious. His later years were -Tent in the practice of most abstemious principles, and he often remarked that he wished he had other habits which he might abandon. In politics he was never tied to any party, and kept himself free to act according to the dictates of his own conscience and judgment. He looked for and usually picked the best man. In matters of religion and politics and general morality he did not always agree   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1095   with his father, and held and acted upon independent ideas of right and wrong. For many years he gave every support he could to the obligation of the prohibition principle. From early life, as a product of his individual thinking, he felt the justice of extending the right of suffrage to women, and he reached that concluson largely in following out the logical thought that if a woman pays taxes she should also have the privilege of electing the officers who dispose of public moneys. Though he lived many years and acquired a large amount of property, he was always on excellent terms with his neighbors, and never had a lawsuit. Another fact that indicates his independent way of thinking was the favor he showed to cremation of the human body, and advocated that method of disposal when the first crematory was established in Washington, Pennsylvania, and according to his own wish his body was cremated at Cleveland. Thus it is apparent that in many ways he held advanced ground in opinions, and always kept himself informed on current problems of discussion. Though reared in the faith of the Hicksite Church, he was inclined somewhat to Unitarian views. In all his relations he practiced the principle of toleration, and was as ready to accord freedom of belief and conscience to others as he insisted upon such a right for himself. It is recalled that he was an ardent advocate of the abolition of corporal punishment in schools. He was for seventeen years a school director. and worked continuously to secure an abandonment of the old methods of corporal punishment and finally succeeded in getting such a rule passed. It was only natural that he should extend this principle to a strong opposition against capital punishment by the state. As a matter of Ideal history some of his old associates on the local school board near Mount Union should be named. They were Enos Hilles, John Watson, John Miller, and Joel Harris.   Mr. Lilley was survived by his wife and one daughter, Ida, who is still living at the old home. There is also a grandson, Walter Lilley, of Alliance. The son Almer, died four years before his father. He had for a number of years been employed as a Government harbor inspector at Ashtabula, Ohio.   GEORGE ROBERTS GYGER. Some of the distinctions which are most important in elevating a man to the confidence of the community belong to Colonel Gyger of Alliance. He was a private soldier and officer in the ranks of the Union army during the Civil war. For many years be performed an important service as city engineer of Alliance, supervising many of the important improvements which have most to do with municipal convenience and comfort. His name has been closely identified with the Ohio National Guards, and as an officer and at one time as adjutant general of the state he used his influence to perfect and build up the organization. He also saw some active service in the Spanish-American war.   George Roberts Gyger was born at Radnor, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1845, a son of Jacob and Taey (Roberts) Gyger. Both parents grew up and lived in the vicinity of Bryn Mawr near Philadelphia and also near Villa Nova College. His father was a carriage Vol. III — 22   1096 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   maker. George R. Gyger attended the Tremont Seminary at Norristown, Pennsylvania, until 1861, and then came to join his half- brother, Herbert Thomas, at Homeworth, Columbiana County, a village then called Winchester. Here he served as bookkeeper in the Homeworth Agricultural Works both before and after the war. In 1874 Mr. Gyger enlisted in the One Hundred Seventy-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Previously he had been refused several times in his application for enlistment in Pennsylvania companies. He recruited a company at Alliance for the One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment, and went out as second lieutenant, under Capt. J. W. Glasner. His service during the last year of the war was in the department of Tennessee and he was in the great battle of Nashville in the fall of 1864. He was with his company, and much of the time acting first lieutenant in the absence of that officer. By general order he was discharged in June. 1865, and then took a business course in the Quaker City College at Philadelphia. Returning to Homeworth he took charge of the same books which he had left on becoming a soldier and continued with that establishment as bookkeeper and general office manager for twenty years. In the meantime he had taken up the profession of surveying, and for six years was deputy county surveyor of Columbiana County.   Colonel Gyger in 1886 removed to Alliance and became city engineer. His first work was in making plans for the paving of Main Street east of Arch to Mechanic, and west of Arch and he had the supervision of the brick paving at a time when very little of that work was done anywhere, Alliance being among the first Ohio cities to lay brick upon its streets. When Colonel Gyger accepted the post of city engineer Alliance had only a few hundred feet of storm sewers, and some years later he assisted in inaugurating the construction of a sanitary sewerage system. His work as city engineer continued until 1895, and a year or two before leaving that office he began the construction of the first sanitary sewers under plans drawn by L. A. Chapin of Canton. Colonel Gyger has also for many years carried on a business and practice as a general surveyor, and has laid out many new additions about Alliance. In 1906 he was again appointed to his office as city engineer, and after four years in office he retired and has since looked after a private practice.   In 1898 Colonel Gyger received a commission from President McKinley as captain of the Volunteer Signal Corps. He had charge of the signal post at Washington, organized the service, and was then to the field for duty, first at Jacksonville, Florida, Savannah, Georgia, and finally to Havana, where he commanded the Signal Corps of the Seventh Army Corps, with three or four companies of fifty-five men each. He went back to Savannah as ranking captain of the Volunteer Signal Corps and was discharged after thirteen months of service. This was a very pleasant and congenial service. The commander of the army corps in which he served was General Fitzhugh Lee.   Tinder Governor Nash Colonel Gyger was made adjutant-general of Ohio. For nine years he was colonel of the Eighth Regiment of   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1097   Ohio National Guards. In 1874 he became captain of a company in the Eighth Regiment, in 1877 was elected major, an office he held seven years, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel July 9, 1885, and to colonel on March 9. 1888, was again commissioned March 8, 1893, and resigned June 16, 1897. As adjutant-general of Ohio he had the responsibilities of looking after the militia organization of the state including the Eighth Regiment, the Ninth Colored Battalion, two troops of cavalry, and two batteries of light artillery, with about 6,000 men enrolled. His offices were in the state house at Columbus and as such he had the custody of the state house and grounds, with about forty employes of his own appointment. He continued as adjutant-general until 1904, and then retired to Alliance and three years later resumed his duties as city engineer.   Colonel Gyger has been a stanch republican for many years, has participated in many political campaigns, and was a close friend of Major McKinley during all his career from congressman to President. Colonel Gyger has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since reaching his majority and took his first degree at Homeworth and belongs to the Chapter and Council, has passed the various chairs of Lodge and Encampment in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias. In 1868 Colonel Gyger married El ma E. Lee of Homeworth. They have one son, Elliott Lee Gyger, editor of the Alliance Review.   J. H. SHARER. For more than seventy years the Sharer family has had a name and position in the community of Alliance. These distinctions are the result of capable good citizenship and its work in business and the mechanical trades, faithful service of soldiers of the country and honorable relations with many improvements of a civic and social character.   The founder of the family was Philip Sharer, who was born near Mannheim, Germany, and who landed in New York City August 1,1837, after sixty-eight days on the ocean in a sailing vessel. Leaving his trunk in New York to be held for his board bill, he spent six weeks in tramping through New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and finally secured work at the carpenter trade at 371 cents a day at Adamsburg, Pennsylvania. He remained there four years, and while there was married. On October 1, 1841, Philip Sharer and his wife arrived in a one- horse wagon at the village then known as Freedom, now the thriving City of Alliance. Here he set up as a cabinetmaker in a small shop, and for forty years did his work as a furniture and cabinetmaker, finally retiring from business in 1882 and passing away in 1889.   J. H. Sharer was born at the little village of Freedom in Stark County July 1, 1842, the oldest of a large family of twelve children. His school advantages were limited to three months each winter, until the necessities of the large household demanded his presence among productive workers, and in the fall of 1859 he entered the carpenter shop of his father. Soon after he passed his twentieth birthday on August S. 1862, he enlisted in Company F of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and in January following was de-   1098 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   tailed as orderly at Camp Denison. In October, 1863, he rejoined his regiment in Tennessee, and in May, 1864, was made leader of the regimental band and continued as principal musician until receiving his honorable discharge July 5, 1865. After this full rendering of his duties as a patriot and citizen, Mr. Sharer came home and resumed work with his father, and in 1868 was made a member of the firm. From 1882, the date of his father's retirement, until 1898, he was sole proprietor of the furniture, cabinet making, and undertaking establishment, and since the latter year his son Roscoe T. has taken over a large share of the responsibilities and burdens of the business.   Mr. Sharer became a charter member of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1866, and has always been active in that organization. For fifteen years he was on the Stark County Soldiers' Relief Commission. Ile was eight years worshipful master of the Alliance Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and also served as high priest of the Royal Arch Chapter. In June. 1881, Mr. Sharer was made secretary of the first State Association of Undertakers, and filled that office eight years and for two years was president. He was delegate and was chairman of the national executive committee in 1886, then was chosen secretary for ten years, and for two years was president. In 1901 he was chairman of the committee to secure the enactment of better regulations governing the embalming profession in Ohio, and as a result of the work of that committee the present embalmers law was secured in 1902. Mr. Sharer was made secretary of the hoard of examiners, and attended to the details of the examination of 1.500 embalmers in this state. His own professional career as an undertaker has covered nearly half a century, and in that time it is said that he has conducted more than 5.000 funerals. Mr. Sharer has always been identified with the republican party and is a member of the Presbyterian Church.   In 1868 he married Miss Mary L. Hartzell. The children are: William P., cashier of the First National Bank of Wellsville, Ohio; John C., an optician and attorney; Roscoe T.; Mrs. W. H. Morgan; Mrs. E. E. Brosius ; and Grace.   LINDSEY STROUP. Since pioneer times the Stroup family have been prominent in their activities in and about the City of Alliance, where Lindsey Stroup is now well known as a general lumber dealer and contractor.   His father. George Stroup, whose home is now in Atwater in Portage County was horn in an old log house that stood three miles south of Alliance on the Columbiana County line June 3, 1833. In that same humble habitation Lindsey Stroup, his son, was born March 29, 1857. George Stroup was a son of Conrad Stroup, who came out from Pennsylvania and died in Stark County in 1844. His widow survived him fifty years and was nearly ninety years of age when death came to her. George was the oldest of their three sons. while Solomon lives at Mount Union and Simon died in Indiana. The one daughter, Sarah Ann, married Joseph Patrick, who is still living at Alliance.   George Stroup has had a noteworthy career of successful enterprise. Eleven years of age at the time of his father's death, the support of the   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1099   family then devolved upon his young shoulders. He assisted his mother to keep the children together and make a living out of the old farm. When sixteen he set up the machinery for a shingle mill on his farm. In proof of an old adage that it is an ill wind that blows no good, a storm passed over the country about that time and tore off the roofs of a good many houses, and thus created a special demand for shingles, so that young George Stroup had all the business which his limited milling facilities could supply. That gave him his start and he increased his plant from time to time and for many years was the largest producer of lumber and shingles in the vicinity of Alliance. George Stroup married young, but had his first wife only about a year, and after her death married Elizabeth Wallace, who was born in the same vicinity of a pioneer family.   George Stroup continued to operate the shingle mill and also cleared up his farm, working the timber into shingles. Subsequently he set up a sawmill two miles distant, and during war times operated a tow- mill in connection with the shingle mill. Through these different enterprises he prospered and in spite of the heavy handicap under which he had started life became recognized as one of the most substantial men of Stark County. It was about the close of the war that he began lumber milling, but finally sold his mill and bought a coal mine on an adjoining farm, which he operated some time. He then bought the sawmill at Alliance, operated that two years, and next set up a sawmill in Smith Township, Mahoning County, three miles northeast of Alliance. In the meantime he had kept his home on the farm containing the coal mine and gradually worked up the timber in his mills. Nearly all his market for his product was in Alliance. About 1873 George Stroup removed to Atwater, and operated a sawmill in connection with his farming. Atwater and vicinity has been his home ever since. He built a large residence, lived en the farm, operated a sawmill some twenty-five years or thirty years, and finally retired to the Village of Atwater. For many years he retained his business interests and investments in Alliance, and was a director of the National Bank, now the Alliance Bank, for forty years. He was operating a mill at the beginning of Alliance's growth as a city and his product went into the construction of many of the early homes and business houses of that city. He has owned as much as 1,200 acres of land, and even now has about 1,000 acres, divided among five or six farms. For nearly half a century he gave his attention to the manufacturing of lumber and shingles, and is one of the veteran lumbermen of Ohio. He is a director in the Bank of Atwater, a republican, and a member of the Methodist Church.   George Stroup had four sons and one daughter: Lindsey; Sarah J.; Frank, who died at the age of twenty-five ; Edgar T., who lives on the old Atwater farm; and N. W., who was a graduate of Mount Union College and the Drew Theological Seminary, was an ordained minister of the Methodist Church, had a pastorate in the Windermere Church at Cleveland, and was district superintendent when he met his death in 1914 as a result of an accident brought about by the collision of his automobile with a street car in Cleveland, his age at that time being about forty years.   1100 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   Lindsey Stroup remained at home until reaching his majority and in the meantime had attended local schools and was graduated from the commercial department of Mount Union College. At the age of twenty-one he married Louisa Oyster and then took charge of one of his father's farms for two years. While living there his wife died, without children. He soon afterwards married Sarah J. Bandy, who had grown up near Alliance. Mr. Stroup while operating a farm also took up the sawmill business, using a portable mill, which he could locate as best suited his convenience, and operating until all the available timber was cut up. He finally removed to Wellsville, where he had some extensive interests in lumber milling, but finally bought a farm from his father, and later traded that for the old homestead where he was born, near Alliance. In 1896 Mr. Stroup removed from the farm to Alliance, and has since sold the old homestead. For many years he has been in the retail lumber trade, and at the same time has operated a sawmill. He also operates a planing mill in connection with a plant at Mount Union. His various business activities have included contracting, and he has done considerable construction work, in some cases manufacturing all the lumber and looking after the details of construction. Mr. Stroup is a director of the First National Bank of Alliance, owns two business blocks in Mount Union, and has several residences in the town.   He has as a matter of policy kept out of politics though he has served in the city council, is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is a trustee of the Union Avenue Methodist Church. He and his wife have three sons, George F., Frank L. and Orval V.   HIRAM H. SHAFER, M. D. When Doctor Shafer began practice at Alliance in 1882 he had to establish himself in favor and cultivate a practice along with twenty-two other members of the medical fraternity. These contemporaries of that time have all since performed their last diagnosis and written their last prescription or have left this field for other scenes. Doctor Shafer is now the dean of the local medical profession, and he has not only outlasted his former associates, but for many years has been one of the most successful doctors in that section of Stark County.   Hiram H. Shafer was born near Osnaburg in Stark County on November 26, 1857. His parents were John and Mary (Roose) Shafer, both natives of Pennsylvania and of German parentage. The birthplace of Dr. Shafer was a farm which his grandfather Fred Shafer had occupied in 1837. It was then a part of the wilderness, and his own efforts and persistent energy continued through many years converted it into a home and a cultivated farm. John -Shafer was the only son, while his one sister married a Mr. Brown and removed to Lockport, Illinois. John Shafer succeeded to the ownership of the old farm when still young, and was in his time one of the most successful farmers of Stark County. He married Mary Roose, who was born eight miles south of Alliance, a daughter of John Roose, who came in early times to Stark County. She was one of a family of four sons and two daughters, one of the sons and both the daughters still living. Mrs. Shafer is still living, while her sister is a widow, Mrs. Samuel Knoll, and her brother   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1101   George lives near Jefferson, Ohio. John Shafer was not only a farmer but a stock drover and dealer, and widely known for his associations in that business. He dealt in sheep and cattle, and kept some fine stock on his place, one lot of his cows selling at one sale for $4,000. He was not only a good business man, but a man of usefulness and brotherly kindness in attending to the wants of the sick and unfortunate in his community. His death occurred in 1879 at the age of fifty-three, and his widow is now in her eighty-eighth year. Their children were two sons and one daughter: Jefferson B., who was a teacher in Stark County and was accidentally killed at the age of thirty-two; while the daughter is Priscilla, wife of George Buchman of Canton.   Doctor Shafer spent his childhood and youth on the old farm near Osnaburg, attended district school, an academy at Canton, was a student in Garfield's old college, Hiram College, at that time under President Hinsdale. He had a teacher's certificate, but did only a little teaching, since his studies were almost continuous until he was prepared for his profession. His professional course was taken in the Western Reserve College at Cleveland, where he graduated M. D. in 1882. In the same year he opened his office at Alliance with such competition as has already been described. It was not altogether an easy matter for a young medical graduate to make a living at the beginning, but he was not long in establishing his reputation for skillful service and soon had all the practice he could well attend to. He soon had most of the railroad work, but on the whole his practice has been of a general nature and covering a broad scope of country around Alliance. He has been particularly popular in obstetrical cases and his record in attending the birth of more than 1,400 children during the past thirty years i3 probably not excelled by that of any other physician in Stark County. Doctor Shafer has always made his practice an individual one, and has never had a partner. He is a member of the District Medical Society, comprising Stark, Mahoning and Columbiana counties. Outside of his busy practice has been neither time nor inclination for participation in business or politics, and though a republican he has not allowed his name to be associated as a candidate for any office.   Doctor Shafer is a member of the Methodist Church, and in August, 1882, married Miss Susie C. Allen, daughter of Rev. Reuben B. Allen, who for many years was active in the Methodist ministry in Pennsylvania. Mrs. Shafer when a young girl came to Alliance with her uncles Thomas and John Cassidy, was reared and educated in that city, graduated from the Alliance High School and for several years was a teacher. Doctor and Mrs. Shafer lost their only son in infancy.   JAMES I. RICKARD. In civic affairs at Alliance James I. Rickard occupies the important post of service director, and as a business man has been identified with the city first as a grocer and now for a number of years in the real estate and insurance business. He is a native of Alliance, and his family have been identified with Stark County more than sixty years.   James I. Rickard was born at Alliance December 11, 1859, a son of Benjamin B. and Margaret J. (Hamilton) Rickard. Both parents   1102 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   were born in Ohio, his father in Mahoning County. Benjamin B. Rickard was a Mason by trade, but later in life engaged in the flax and tow manufacturing business, at a time when that was an important industry in Ohio. Ile became a resident of Alliance early in the '50s, and lived in that city until his death in December, 1898. His wife died in March, 1896. There were seven children: William H., who lives on the old homestead at Alliance; Lawrence I., who was a grocer for many years in Alliance until his death in 1892; M. Etta, who lives in Stillwater, Oklahoma; Anna B., wife of Arthur J. Hall of Cleveland; James I.; George M., engaged in the furniture business at Alliance; Delmar F., who is clerk for his brother George.   James I. Rickard acquired his early education in the public schools of Alliance and when a young man became identified with the grocery trade, which he followed for twenty years. After that he embarked in the real estate and insurance business, having his son Carl A. as partner. Theirs is now one of the leading firms of its kind in Alliance.   In recent years Mr. Rickard has taken considerable part in official affairs. He was elected a justice of the peace in 1911, taking office for the regular term of four years on January 1, 1912. In January, 1914, he resigned to accept appointment as service director under Mayor Barnum. This office, in a city the size of Alliance, is one of much responsibility and numerous routine duties, and in addition to these Mr. Rickard has official supervision over a number of important public works now or recently in progress in Alliance, including such construction enterprises as the Westville storage reservoir, the Arch Street subway under the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks, the Fifth Street subway under the C. P. Railroad, and the erection of the new city hall.   On November 6, 1884, Mr. Rickard married Iva L. Keener of Unity Township, Columbiana County, Ohio. They have two children: Margaret J., wife of John L. Jarman, engaged in the printing business in Alliance; and Carl A., partner of his father in the insurance and real estate business.   Mr. Rickard has taken much part in fraternal affairs, has been a member of the Knights of Pythias for thirty years, and is one of the oldest and most prominent members in Alliance of the Order of the Maccabees. He has helped organize several lodges in this part of Ohio, including the one at Alliance which in his honor is named Rickard Tent No. 109. He has passed through the various chairs in the Maccabees, has held several state offices in that order. During his career as a grocery merchant Mr. Rickard was one of the first directors and an organizer of the Ohio State Grocers' Association and continued a director until retiring from business. Politically he is a democrat, but has liberal views on questions of national policy. In the Methodist Church at Alliance he is one of the trustees and a member of the official board.   While Mr. Rickard has had in the main a prosperous career, it has been marked with some vicissitudes which would have discouraged many men of less stalwart resolution. He began life without assistance from family or friends, and his own efforts have been responsible for his success. He began merchandising with an extremely limited capital, but by close attention to business, by strict economy, and by a rigid observ-   PICTURE OF GEORGE WALTER WILLIAMS   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1103   ance of his credit standing, developed a flourishing business. One year after he started he suffered a severe setback, his store adjoining the old Alliance Opera House, collapsed and a portion of the building fell upon the store and destroyed it ruining most of its contents. Some years later after his prosperity was thoroughly established Mr. Rickard suffered the loss of his residence by fire.   ALVIN J. GIBBS. The work of the Gibbs family as inventors and manufacturers has been previously described, and in this connection a few paragraphs should be devoted to the present treasurer of the Gibbs Manufacturing Company, Alvin J. Gibbs.   Alvin J. Gibbs was born at Canton January 28, 1868, son of the late Lewis Gibbs and grandson of Joshua Gibbs, founder of the family in Stark County. His education came from the public schools, but at the age of fifteen he began the practical work of a career which has kept him busy now for more than thirty years. He was one of the organizers of the Gibbs Lawn Rake Company which was later reorganized as The Gibbs Manufacturing Company. He was for a time secretary and treasurer, and for a number of years has been its treasurer.   Mr. Gibbs is also vice president of The Hygienic Products Company and a director of the Dime Savings Bank of Canton, besides holding stock in various enterprises of that city. He is a working member of the Canton Chamber of Commerce, and his church is the Presbyterian. Alvin J. Gibbs married Eva A. Wenrich, daughter of Dr. R. D. Wenrich, who is proprietor of the Grand View Sanatorium at Wernersville, Pennsylvania. To their marriage have been born two sons: Ralph A. and Arthur E.   GEORGE WALTER WILLIAMS. Of the younger members of the Massillon bar none has shown greater capacity, diligence and promise than George Walter Williams, who is still in his twenties, but in the past four years has won some substantial successes at the bar and is one of the most popular members of the younger professional and business men of the city.   His birth occurred in Massillon January 26, 1888. His parents are John H. and Mary A. (Healey) Williams. The Williams family has long been identified with Columbiana County, Ohio, where the father was born at Lisbon in 1862, son of John H. Williams, Sr. John H. Williams is a highly respected resident of Massillon, where for over thirty years he has been identified with Russell & Company, and is now foreman of that large concern. He has also taken much part in civic and political affairs of his city and county, and at different times has been honored by the republican party. His wife was born in England, daughter of Joseph Healey, who brought his family to America when Mrs. Williams was only three years of age. The Healeys first located at Scranton, Pennsylvania, and from there came to Massillon. Joseph Healey was a coal miner by trade in his early life, but on coming to Massillon entered the shops of the Russell & Company and was with that concern for more than twenty years until his death in 1905.   George Walter Williams has made much of his opportunities in   1104 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   life, and has shown much capacity for getting what his ambition desired in the absence of immediate means. He attended the Massillon city schools, and in 1906 entered college where he pursued a literary course and later entered the law department. Admitted to the bar in December, 1911, he at once began practice of law at Massillon, and has already won a solid place among the members of the Stark County bar.   He belongs to the Stark County Bar Association, the Massillon Chamber of Commerce, the Masonic Order and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. In 1915 he was elected to the office of city solicitor of Massillon.   RUFUS J. KUNKEL. The incumbent of the important position of director of public safety of the City of Canton, Mr. Kunkel is one of the efficient and popular officials of the metropolis and judicial center of Stark County.   Rufus Jay Kunkel claims the old Keystone State as the place of his nativity and is a scion of a family, of German lineage, that was founded in that commonwealth many generations ago. He was born at Irwin, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, on the 21st of November, 1882, and is a son of Jacob Rufus and Anna May (Bierkstaff) Kunkel. both representatives of old and honored Pennsylvania families. Zachariah Kunkel, grandfather of Rufus J., passed his entire life in Westmoreland County, where he was a substantial farmer, as was his father before him. The maternal grandfather. John Bierkstaff, was born in Western Pennsylvania and represented that state as one of the valiant soldiers of the Union in the Civil war, in which he sacrificed his life, as he was killed at the battle of Gettysburg. Jacob Rufus Kunkel was born at Irwin. Pennsylvania, and there his death occurred in 1884. when his son Rufus J.. of this review, was but two years of age. His widow was born at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, where she now maintains her home during the summer months, the City of Pittsburgh being her place of residence during, the winter seasons.   To the public schools of his native state Rufus J. Kunkel is indebted for his early educational discipline, and his final school work in Pennsylvania was at Homestead. Thereafter he attended school in Germany for one year. At Homestead, Pennsylvania, Mr. Kunkel initiated his independent career in the capacity of messenger boy in the employ of the Carnegie Steel Company, with which he continued to be identified eight years and with which he won advancement ultimately to the position of steel inspector. In 1906 he entered the employ of the United Steel Company, as chief shipper at its plant in Canton, Ohio. Of this position he continued the incumbent until 1911, when he was promoted to the office of superintendent of the finishing and shipping department. This position he resigned in 1914, when he received appointment to his present municipal office, in which his administration is fully justifying the preferment thus accorded to him.   Mr. Kunkel has taken for several years past a lively interest in public affairs and he is one of the zealous and influential representatives of the progressive party at Canton. He was an active worker in behalf of the party cause during the national campaign of 1912 and in the   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1105   municipal campaign of Canton in 1913, when he was a staunch supporter of Mayor Stalburg, by whom he was thereafter appointed to his present office, that of director of public safety. He assumed the duties of this position on the 1st of January, 1914, and has been zealous and indefatigable in his work since he entered upon his administration. Mr. Kunkel is a member of McKinley Lodge, No. 431, Free & Accepted Masons; Canton Chapter, No. 84, Royal Arch Masons; Canton Council, No. 35, Royal & Select Masters; Canton Commandery, No. 38, Knights Templars, and in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite of this time-honored fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree, in Ohio Consistory, besides being also affiliated with Al Koran Temple of the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, in the City of Cleveland.   In November, 1905, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Kunkel to Miss Gretta S. W. Wadsworth, daughter of James and Nanna Wadsworth, of Washington, Pennsylvania, and their pleasant home in Canton is at 1260 Fulton Road.   HOWARD B. HAZZARD. The kind of public spirit which constantly plans for the community welfare and is prodigal of personal time, energy and means in getting plans carried out, has been the chief characteristic of Howard B. Hazzard's citizenship at Alliance. His has been the efficient cause in developing the residence area of Alliance during the past two years, not in the haphazard manner of local improvement, but according to a definite plan and the highest standards of convenience, utility and beauty. He has been properly given credit for introducing the boulevard type of residence streets in Alliance. In his position as a real estate developer he is not only able to influence others to his way of thinking, but is in a position to practice what he preaches and civic improvement is more than a hobby to him. Mr. Hazzard is a successful young business man, and the successful management of his individual enterprise has been accompanied by a constant readiness to leave his own interests and work heart and soul for something he thought Alliance ought to have.   Howard B. Hazzard was born in Deerfield. Portage County, Ohio, about nine miles north of Alliance, December 26, 1873. His grandparents on each side were pioneers of Portage County, coming from Eastern Pennsylvania about a century ago. His father was Rev. James N. Hazzard, and his mother Phehe Day. She was a daughter of Zebulon Day, one of the numerous members of the Day family in Portage County. Justice William R. Day of the United States Supreme bench being of the same stock. Rev. James N. Hazzard was a well known minister of the United Brethren Church, and his duties as a circuit rider took him over a wide range of Northeastern Ohio. When his church divided over the question of secret societies he was of the more radical wing and withdrew from the conference and thenceforth devoted his time to the operation of a farm. The last years of his long and useful life were spent in Alliance, where he died in 1908 at the age of seventy-eight, being survived about three years by his widow. He was a Union soldier during the war, having veteranized at the close of his first term   1106 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   of enlistment, and the end of the war found him with his command in Texas, called thither by the Maximilian disturbance in Mexico.   Up to the age of sixteen Howard B. Hazzard attended the local schools, including the high school at Deerfield. He afterwards took a full course in Hiram College, the splendid institution of which President Garfield was at one time the head, and was graduated in the class of 1900. For two years he was identified with various lines of endeavor, including the management of the Portage & Marietta Oil Company, and with considerable success directed the development of oil properties in Washington County. He then took a post-graduate course in law and political economy in the Columbia University at New York City, and the following five years gave him an extended experience as a mining company promoter and as a commercial salesman. For two years lie sold the output of a widely known manufacturing company of soda fountains over the State of Iowa. A successful salesman he determined to turn his ability to better account, and in 1907 organized the real estate branch of the Galbreath-Heacock Agency at Alliance.   From that time dates the present system of extending the residence district of Alliance by desirable allotments, with proper building restrictions and with construction of an admirable boulevard system. Mr. Hazzard laid out the Garwood Lawn allotment of fifty-two lots, which in 1908 were readily sold, and which now comprises one of the best resident districts in the city. Union Heights allotment followed, and as secretary and general manager of the Antrim Land Company Mr. Hazzard developed a fine tract adjacent to Mount Union. With this improvement began the development of the boulevards already mentioned. A full mile of standard boulevard thoroughfare was opened in connection with the tract, all of the lots in which have since been sold. This tract is accessible by both the city car lines and the interurban, and is rapidly being improved with a high class of residence buildings. The boulevard has since been extended to the north until Main Street was reached, aggregating a total distance of over 2% miles. The ideas introduced through these allotments have since been adopted by other desirable residence sections of Alliance, so as to more than double the residence area in and contiguous to the city within the past seven years.   Mr. Hazzard was the founder of the Lorentz Land Company, has been secretary and general manager of the Union Heights Land Company, and is president of the H. B. Hazzard Real Estate and Investment Company, which buys and improves all classes of city property, and in many ways has shown its complete confidence in the future values of Alliance real estate. While Mr. Hazzard is the embodiment of enthusiasm himself, he has also the faculty of infecting others with his ideals and has helped to bring about a new spirit in this community, so that no citizen will claim anything less than that Alliance is the best city in Ohio. While Mr. Hazzard thinks, talks, argues real estate in his waking hours, his dreams are also largely colored by the work of his practical hours. It is this kind of leadership that makes cities great, in spite of adverse conditions or the lethargy of its people. In this case, however, splendid natural resources and advantages stand behind all of Mr. Hazzard's assertions, so that both the reality and the prospects   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1107   emphasize the claim of Alliance's most enthusiastic citizens. Mr. Hazzard is a leader, others follow. He was the first to open offices in the splendid new Alliance Bank Building, for which he is the agent, and it is a modest assertion that the erection of this splendid office structure was somewhat deferred to his judgment, and he took the ground that the best is none too good for Alliance.   GEORGE ALBERT MARKS. Among the progressive business men of Stark County, one whose interests are important and varied is George Albert Marks, president of the Canton Feed Milling Company, president of the Marks-Doll Company, of Canton, and vice president of the Stark Brick Company, of Osnaburg, with an office in Canton, and the owner of a handsome property one-half mile north of Fairhope, known as Superior Farm. Mr. Marks was born in Brown Township, Carroll County, Ohio, February 11, 1865, his parents being Samuel and Elizabeth (Zurahlen) Marks.   Samuel Marks was born on the family homestead farm in Osnaburg Township, Stark County, Ohio, son of Jacob Marks, who was a native of Pennsylvania, horn in 1792. Jacob Marks came to Stark County in 1807, as a lad of fifteen years, and secured a position as a millwright in Osnaburg Towrship. Subsequently he was married, following which he went to Nimishillen Township, in which locality he was a pioneer settler on his unimproved farm, there being practically no woods cut out between his primitive home and that of his nearest neighbor, five miles away. Mr, Marks moved from Nimishillen Township to Osnaburg Township. and there passed the remaining years of his life in agricultural pursuits. dying in 1879, at the age of eighty-seven years. His wife, Elizabeth Card, who was born in Ohio in 1792, died in 1877. This was a remarkable family in some ways, the grandparents having never taken medicine of any kind throughout their lives, and never having been compelled to call the services of a doctor.   Samuel Marks was born in 1835, and grew to manhood in Stark County, receiving his education in the district schools. When he was ready to establish a home of his own, he was married to Elizabeth Zurahlen, who was born in Switzerland, and came to the United States as a child of seven years, with her parents, Christian Zurahlen and wife. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Marks settled in Brown Township, Carroll County, where the father was engaged in farming for eight years, but in 1867 returned to Stark County, Mr. Marks buying a farm on which he was engaged in operations until his retirement in 1895. In that year he removed to the Village of Osnaburg, where he died in the fall of 1900, Mrs. Marks surviving until 1908, when she passed away at the age of seventy years. They were devout members of the Reformed Church, were hard-working, honest and industrious people, and had the entire confidence and esteem of the people of the community in which they resided for so long.   From the time he was two years of age, George Albert Marks was reared on the farm in Osnaburg Township. He began work on the farm at a very early age, and when he was only eight years old was able to do his share of the plowing. He remained on the home farm until reach-   1108 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   ing the age of twenty-six years, when he was married and moved to his own farm of thirty-one acres, adjoining the home property, which he had bought and improved before his marriage. Mr. Marks resided on that farm for eight years, and then purchased 128 acres in Nimishillen Township. in 1900, this being a part of his present farm. In 1907 he bought fifty-two acres adjoining that farm, which he added thereto, now having 180 acres of fine farming land in Stark County, in addition to two other properties which he purchased. On the home farm, Mr. Marks has two fine sets of buildings and improvements of the most modern character. He has carried on extensive general farming operations, but has also met with much success as a dealer in livestock, and in February. 1914, began buying registered Percheron horses, registered road horses and registered Guernsey cattle, registered Berkshire hogs and registered pure-bred Rhode Island chickens, in all of which he is having much success.   In the spring of 1909 Mr. Marks was one of the incorporators of the Stark Brick Company, of which he is now a director and vice president; in August, 1910, he became a director in the Canton Feed and Milling Company, of which he is now vice president ; in the fall of 1913 he was One of the organizers of the Marks-Doll Company, dealers in approved preferred stocks, bonds, mortgages and other securities, and he is now president and a director of that company. Mr. Marks also owns a lot in Canton, from 711 to 715 Tuscarawas Street, East, 203 feet deep, on which are located three store rooms, four dwelling houses, one bakery and two barns. He is now organizing a stock company to build a garage on the above property, which will be a building 60x203 feet. Mr. Marks is an active member of Nimishillen Grange. He is connected with Trinity Reformed Church, Canton, to which his family belongs. He has various interests in business and social life, and has frequently been called to serve in important positions of trust and responsibility, at this time being treasurer of the Home Insurance Company of Nimishillen and Osnaburg townships. Politically, he is a republican.   Mr. Marks was married to Miss Ruhama Yoder, who was born in Nimishillen Township, daughter of Peter Yoder, and they have four children: Celia E., born in 1900; Olga M., born in 1903; Cletus W., born in 1906; and Quentin, born in 1910.   PRESLEY S. CAMPBELL. Though he claims the old Keystone State as the place of his nativity Mr. Campbell is a representative of families that were early founded in Ohio and he himself has passed the major part of his life thus far in Stark County, where he has made good use of opportunities presented and has achieved distinctive success and precedence as a contractor for street paving and sewer construction, of which line of enterprise he is one of the most prominent and successful exponents in the City of Canton,—a steadfast, reliable and progressive business man who has secure place in the confidence and esteem of the community.   Presley S. Campbell was horn at Parkens Landing, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, on the 19th of December, 1871, and is a son of Noble T. and Gertrude F. (Combs) Campbell. His -father was born   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1109   and reared in Ohio and at the time of the oil boom in Pennsylvania he went to the oil fields of that state and became a successful operator, but through having become security for a supposed friend and having to meet the heavy obligation he encountered financial disaster and became a poor man. He returned to Ohio and established his residence at Alliance, Stark County, but later he returned to Pennsylvania in search of the man through whom he had been defrauded, and while absent he contracted typhoid fever, from the effects of which he died before he could return to his home and family. His widow remained at Alliance until 1883, when she removed with her children to Canton, where she passed the remainder of her life and where she died in the home of her son Presley, of this review, who accorded to her the utmost filial devotion.   Presley S. Campbell acquired his early education in the public schools of Alliance and was about twelve years old at the time of the family removal to Canton. Here he continued to attend school until he had attained to the age of fifteen years, when he entered upon an apprenticeship to the trade of engraving, in the establishment of the Dueber Watch Company. Upon the completion of his apprenticeship in this factory, three years later, he abandoned entirely the work of the trade for which he had prepared himself, his ambition being for an occupation that would afford him more freedom for individual action and achievement. As a means to an end, he entered the employ of the proprietor of a livery establishment in Canton, and later he engaged in the same line of enterprise on his own account. He purchased the old Shertzer livery barn, on former Seventh Street, and by energy, good management and effective service he developed a prosperous business. After six years had passed he sold his barn and equipment and effected the organization of the Campbell Livery Company, which erected the large livery barn on the corner of Walnut and Fourth streets, and after having retained the active management of the livery business six months he sold his stock in the company and turned his attention to the contracting business, in which he has since continued with distinctive success. Mr. Campbell has constructed in Canton more street paving and sewer work than any other one contractor, and some of the best streets in the city show evidence of his ability and effective work in his chosen vocation. He constructed the third section of the Liberty Street seven-foot trunk sewer and has held other large and important contracts, the terms of which have been filled with the utmost fidelity and efficiency in every instance, so that his reputation as a contractor constitutes his best business asset. His contracting business has now reached extensive proportions and he has done a large amount of important contract work throughout various sections of Ohio, the while his financial success has duly rewarded his well ordered enterprise. He is financially interested in a number of Canton business enterprises, among them being those of the F. A. Downs Construction Company, the Canton Material Company, and the Reo Motor Sales Company, besides which he is a stockholder in the Massillon Rolling Mills, at Massillon, this county. Mr. Campbell has made judicious investments in local real estate and is the owner of an appreciable amount of improved city property in Canton, where also he continues to give attention to the erection of houses to be placed on sale.   1110 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   He is one of the vigorous and public-spirited business men of the city that has been his home from boyhood and is an active member of the Canton Chamber of Commerce.   December 14, 1902, recorded the marriage of Mr. Campbell to Miss Virgie M. Raff, who was born at Beach City, this county, a daughter of William Raff, a prosperous and honored merchant of that place and a representative of the old and well known Raff family whose name has long been identified with the annals of Stark County. The maiden name of the mother of Mrs. Campbell was Rebecca Cotton and she is a native of Dundee, Tuscarawas County. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have three children, whose names and respective dates of birth are here entered: Lillian Stuart, May 22, 1904; Gertrude Farnsworth, February 13, 1907; and Presley S., Jr., November 3, 1910.   WILLIAM STALLCUP. The residence in Alliance of William Stallcup antedates the corporate existence of the city, he having taken up his abode and commenced business at this place in 1867. From that time until his retirement, in 1904, he was engaged in business in the same location and identified with the commercial interests of the city, with whose growth he has been intimately connected and with whose prosperity he has prospered. He survives to witness the little village where he first stocked a little store become one of the important centers of commercial activity of the northeastern part of the state.   Mr. Stallcup was born at North Georgetown, Columbiana County, Ohio, January 1, 1839, and is a son of Moses D. and Mary D. (Chamberlain) Stallcup, the latter a daughter of Isaac Chamberlain. an early settler of Columbiana County. The family came to Ohio from Wilmington, Delaware, where in former generations the name had been spelled as Steelhead and Stahlcup. Moses D. Stallcup was but a child when his father was killed in an accident in a water mill in Columbiana County, and the lad was bound out to a Quaker family named Jeems, with whom he learned tanning. He subsequently inherited some money, with which he built a tannery at Georgetown, but his health failed him and he turned his attention to the study of law. About the year 1842 he brought his family to Freedom, the nucleus for the present City of Alliance, but here he found an epidemic of ague, and accordingly moved two miles south to the Town of Mount Union, which, being located on the state road and therefore on the line of the big teams going west, was of much more importance than Freedom, and was a larger town than it is itself today. There Mr. Stallcup engaged in the practice of law, and for some years was the only attorney of the town, but later White Johnson began his practice there. About the year 1857 Mr. Stallcup removed to New Lisbon. where he remained until the time of the Civil war, when he came to Alliance, and here. in 1868, retired. He died in 1886, at the age of seventy-seven years, while Mrs.. Stalleup passed away a few months later, being seventy-five years of age. Both were consistent and active members of the Church of the Disciples. Mr. Stallcup was an ardent democrat, was always able to air his views and defend them, and was capable in upholding his end of an argument. There were four sons in the family: Isaac H., who died in Kansas;   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1111   William, of this review ; John, who became an attorney of Tacoma, Washington ; and Benjamin Franklin, who died soon after serving three years as a Union soldier during the Civil war. John Stallcup was engaged in practice at Alliance from 1876 for about eight or nine years, when he went to the West and became a prominent attorney and politician. He was a delegate to various conventions, rose rapidly in his profession, and under the administration of President Cleveland served five years on the United States District bench in Colorado. Subsequently he served as judge of the Superior Court of Tacoma, Washington. His successors are his son and his daughter, who practice at that city under the firm style of Stallcup & Stallcup.   William Stallcup was given his education in the public schools of his native locality, and began his career at the age of seventeen years as a clerk in a general store at New Lisbon. In 1865 he began business in a general store at Franklin Square, Columbiana County, but in the spring of 1867 came to Alliance, and here remained in business in the same location, No. 522 East Main Street, until his retirement. From the outset, it was Mr. Stallcup 's policy to keep himself free from debt, and thus it was that he managed to pass safely through the great panic of 1873 when the Sherman law went into effect. With the exception of his store, one hardware store, one fur store, and possibly a grocery, every business house in Alliance failed, including both banks and all the manufacturing houses. During this desperate time Mr. Stallcup worked day and night and brought every ounce of his business talent into play, and finally managed to weather the storm. During one year's time he was chosen by the sheriff for 150 appraisals, for which he received fifty cents each, and some farms sold for less than the cost of the buildings. Mr. Stallcup did not believe in investment in a promiscuous manner, but put some of his money into Main Street property and in lake boats, and both of these ventures turned out satisfactorily. He disposed of his mercantile interests in 1904, since which time he has been living in retirement. He is a stockholder of the First National Bank.   In politics a democrat, Mr. Stallcup has served eleven years as a member of the board of education and is at present chairman of the sinking fund of the board. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and during his younger years was fond of driving a good horse, but now finds his chief pleasure in the surroundings of his comfortable and attractive home.   Mr. Stallcup was married in 1867 to Miss Alice Shelton, who died one year later leaving one daughter : M. Hattie, who lives with her father and is interested in the work of the Disciples Church and the Mount Union Women's Club. Mr. Stallcup's second marriage was to the sister of his first wife, Sarah Shelton, who died without issue five years later. In 1891 Mr. Stallcup was married to Mary E. Laughlin, whose youngest brother is Prof. J. Lawrence Laughlin. of the Chicago University. One son has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Stallcup : I. Dillon, a graduate of Case University, who is now the proprietor of a garage at Alliance.   Mrs. Stallcup was born at Deerfield, Portage County, Ohio, eight miles from Alliance, and is a daughter of Harvey and Minerva Laughlin, Vol. III -23   1112 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   natives of Deerfield, the latter of a Connecticut family and the former a son of James Laughlin, who came to Portage County, Ohio, from Eastern Pennsylvania in 1801 and built a mill and dam at Deerfield. With the exception of Mrs. Stallcup all the members of the family still reside in Portage County, where the old mill and property have been in the family name for 106 years. Professor Laughlin, who grew up at Alliance, has attained a great reputation as a lecturer and teacher in political economy, and many honors have been conferred upon him. As a young woman Mrs. Stallcup displayed much musical talent, and was given excellent educational advantages in this way, receiving a diploma from the Boston Normal Music School and a life certificate as a teacher of music, being engaged in that vocation until her marriage. She was reared in the faith of the Church of the Disciples, and in its work has been exceedingly active of recent years.   JOHN H. LEHMAN was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on the 17th of May, 1846, and is a son of Abraham E. and Mary (Hackman) Lehman, both natives of Lancaster County, that state. Abraham E. Lehman was born on the homestead farm near Manheim, Lancaster County, in 1806, and was a resident of Canton, Ohio, at the time of his death. in 1893, at the age of eighty-eight years. His wife was born on her father's farm near Brickerville, Lancaster County, in 1824, and died in October, 1903, when in her eighty-first year. She was a daughter of John Hackman, who was born and reared in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and who became one of the pioneer settlers of Tuscarawas Township, Stark County, and there both he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives.   Abraham E. Lehman was a miller by trade and for a number of years operated what was known as the City mill in Lancaster. Among his patrons during that period were such historic national characters as Thaddeus Stevens and James Buchanan. His last place of business in Pennsylvania was at the Hostetter mill near Manheim. Lancaster County. In 1859 Mr. Lehman came with his family to Ohio and after remaining a short time in Wayne County, he came, within the same year, to Stark County, where he rented the Trump mill, near Canton, to the operation of which he continued to devote his attention for a number of years. The last mill that was operated by him was the Ruthrauff mill, which stood on the site of the present Northern Ohio Traction Company car barns, four miles north of Canton.   John H. Lehman acquired his rudimentary education in the schools of his native county and was about thirteen years of age at the time of the family removal from Pennsylvania to Ohio. While living with his parents at the Trump mill he attended the Canton High School, which at that early date had a four-year course of study. He then took up the work of teaching and while thus engaged he continued to pursue academic studies.   His first work as teacher was in district No. 1, Canton Township, where he taught two years. Thereafter he served three years as teacher of what is now known as 'the Mount Vernon School on Cleveland Avenue, N. W. extension. While teaching there he was elected principal   HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY - 1113   of the North Cherry Street School in this city. He occupied this position six years, from 1870 to 1876. Mr. Lehman was then elected superintendent of the public schools of Canton, and he held this position for twelve consecutive years. Mr. Lehman retired in 1888 from the position of superintendent of the Canton schools, but during the long ensuing years he has not abated his interests and activities in connection with educational affairs. He served eight years as a member of the board of examiners for city teachers.   During the eighteen years that he was identified with the Canton schools as principal and as superintendent he was a member of the Stark County Teachers' Association, of which organization he was secretary five years, president four years and served a number of years on the executive committee, being chairman of the same three years. He also was a member of the Northeastern Ohio Teachers' Association and served as president of the same as well as a member of its executive committee. He held the office of vice president of the Ohio State Teachers' Association and was chairman of its executive committee.   Mr. Lehman has served fourteen years consecutively as a member of the board of education and he has been president of the board twelve years. He is a member of the Ohio State Association of School Board Members of which he has been vice presidnt, and has served as chairman of the executive committee, the committee on schools and education and of the committee on legislation.   For the past quarter of a century Mr. Lehman has been successfully engaged in the general insurance business in Canton. He has been district agent for the John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company of Boston, Massachusetts, more than twenty-five years, and for twenty-four years has been agent for the Standard Accident Insurance Company of Detroit, Michigan. He also represents a number of fire insurance companies.   In connection with his other activities he was engaged in farming more than twenty years. He owned at different times several farms near the city, in Plain Township, which he operated with hired help, but personally supervised the work. He disposed of his farm interests several years ago. Mr. Lehman was secretary of the Stark County Agricultural Society thirteen years.   He is a member of Trinity Lutheran Church, Canton, and his services as deacon and elder covered a period of nearly forty years.   In politics he has always given allegiance to the republican party, but he has manifested no ambition for the honors or the emoluments of political office.   In the year 1865 Mr. Lehman wedded Miss Emma J. Oberlin, who was born on the homestead farm of her father, the place of her nativity being now included within the corporate limits of Canton and she passed her entire life in Stark County. Mrs. Lehman was a daughter of Adam and Elizabeth Oberlin, who came to this county from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in the pioneer days. She died at her home in Canton in May, 1912, and is survived by two children, the eldest of the three children of this union having been Ella Olivia, who graduated from the Canton High School in 1883. She taught district schools several years   1114 - HISTORY OF STARK COUNTY   at Maple Grove and Orchard Grove schools in Plain Township ; then became the wife of Charles G. Correll. Mrs. Correll died in October, 1903, and is survived by four children, Homer, Margaret, John and William Correll. Eva Elizabeth Lehman, the second daughter, attended the Canton public schools and graduated from the high school with the class of 1887. She has been a teacher in the Canton schools twenty-six years, and since 1908 has held the position of supervisor of music in the city schools. Fred Herbert Lehman, the only son, is engaged in the automobile business in Canton. He married Miss Letha Nave, of Massillon, daughter of Lester L. Nave, who is now a resident of Canton and is supervising principal of Garfield Avenue and Stark Avenue schools.   In November, 1913, John H. Lehman married Miss Sara A. Hostetter, a daughter of David and Maria (Pfeifer) Hostetter and a direct descendant of Jacob Hostetter, who emigrated from Switzerland to America in 1712, and became an early settler and large landowner in Lancaster County. Sara A. Lehman was born on the Hostetter homestead farm near Manheim, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Mr. Lehman has lived in or near Canton for fifty-six years.