200 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

on account of financial embarrassment, and not resumed. One hundred and one theological students pursued their professional studies here.

From 1838 onward, facilities were provided for post-graduate work on the part of any graduate desiring to pursue special studies in any of the departments included in the college course. The number availing themselves of these opportunities was never large.

A preparatory department was connected with the college from the first. This was designed to be only temporary, but it was found necessary to maintain it. After the college was removed to Cleveland, the preparatory department was maintained at Hudson for several years, under the name of The Western Reserve Academy.

Western Reserve College was for a time a co-educational institution. In his inaugural address in 1872, President Cutler announced that the doors of the college were open to women as well as men. Thereafter, a number of young women attended the regular college classes, both before and after the removal to Cleveland. At the annual commencement in 1888, the trustees formally decided against co-education ; and "the girls were unceremoniously turned out." Provision was made for them, however, in a separate department, known as the Woman's College. The number of students in attendance was never large, the number in all departments, including preparatory, rarely exceeding 120. The highest number in the college department in any one year was 78, in 1869. The first graduating class (1830) contained four young men. The largest number of graduates from the college in any one year was eighteen, in 1872. These statistics apply only to the period prior to the removal to Cleveland.

TWINSBURGH INSTITUTE.

Rev. Samuel Bissel, founder and proprietor of Twinsburgh Institute, was graduated at Yale College in 1823. He studied theol ogy, and in 1825 was licensed in Connecticut to preach the gospel. In the spring of 1828. he came to Twinsburgh to take charge of the Presbyterian Church, to which he had been called. In the autumn of that year, he fitted up with seats a rude log house, which had been built for a shoe shop, and invited all youth of suitable age to attend school, those able and willing being expected to pay tuition at the rate of two dollars per quarter. About forty young people responded, and the little room was packed. In 1831, a house was built for the two-fold purpose of a church on Sabbath and a school on week days. In 1887, Mr. Bissell erected a house 20 by 35 feet, in which he held school forty weeks in the year, 'divided into three regular terms. Additions were made from time to time to this building and to the dwelling hard by, a two-story building used for a tavern was purchased, and two other buildings three stories high were erected. The number of students increased to 300, with at least fifty boarders, requiring seven teachers to give instructions in the classics, mathematics, German, French and music, besides all the usual branches of an English education. No charter was ever obtained, no appropriations of public money were ever received. Board and tuition were low at best, and many students attended who paid little or nothing. None were turned away for want of means. In the course of time, receipts fell short of expenditures. A debt of $6,000 accumulated. A portion of the buildings were sold to pay the indebtedness, leaving a balance in hand of only $300.

These embarrassments, the general improvement of the public schools, and the breaking out of the Civil War, conspired together to reduce the attendance and diminish the income.

In 1866, Mr. Bissell, at the age of seventy, found himself without means and with very scanty income, but with indomitable will and tenacity of purpose. He resolved to erect a new stone building, two stories high, 77 feet

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 201

by 33. He borrowed $1,500 and received some aid from former pupils and other friends. Mr. Bissell did most of the work with his own hands, save cutting and laying the stone and the plastering. Without any previous knowledge of carpentry, he framed and erected a self-supporting roof ; he made and put up doors, ceiling and casing; he laid floors and built stairways. The work went on slowly, but in the course of time it was sufficiently advanced to provide for 100 students. Mr. Bissell's own estimate was that not less than 6,000 students received instruction in Twinburgh Institute, among them more than 200 Indian youth, from several different tribes, east and west. This remarkable man died in 1895, at the age of ninety-eight.

CHAPTER XII

HISTORY OF BUCHTEL COLLEGE

BY REV. ANDREW WILLSON, D. D.

For many years the need of an institution of learning had been recognized by the progressive ministers and laymen of the Universalist Church. During 1865, and the early months of 1866, Ohio was canvassed for Lombard University at Galesburg, Ill., and the Buckeye State contributed $20,000 toward an endowment of $100,000. That canvass intensified the desire for a school in Ohio under the management of the Universalist denomination.

At the Ohio convention, held at Mt. Gilead, in June, 1867, as chairman of the Committee on Education, Rev. Andrew Willson prepared and presented a report urging the establishment of an academy for both sexes. The report was unanimously adopted. The Committee on Education, of which Mr. Willson was again chairman, was instructed to prepare a plan for a state school and report the same at the next annual convention to be held in Dayton in June of 1868. After corresponding with the leading ministers and prominent laymen in the state, Mr. 'Willson prepared and presented a somewhat elaborate plan and made $50,000 the minimum sum to be pledged before the beginning of the work. Mr. Willson rather surprised the convention by stating that no place could secure the school for less than $10,000. He was finally assured that Kent would give that amount.

The report was unanimously adopted. During that year several towns seriously considered the question of obtaining the school. The principal competitors were Kent, Mt. Gilead and Oxford.

By June, 1869, when the Ohio convention met at McConnellsville, the thought of a college had found favor with many of the most interested. The trustees, Revs. Andrew Willson, H. L. Canfield, J. S. Cantwell, J. W. Henly and 0. F. Haymaker, and the Committee on Education, Revs. B. F. Eaton and E. L. Rexford, were intsructed "to proceed to establish a denominational school in the state, whenever a suitable location may be secured and requisite funds pledged."

In November, 1869, at a joint meeting of the Board of Trustees and Committee on Education held at Springboro, Rev. H. F. Miller, then financial secretary of Smithson College, Indiana, was invited to become general financial secretary of the Board and Committee. He accepted the office and began work the first of the following January.

At this time Kent and Mt. Gilead were earnest competitors for the college. The latter place was centrally located, but not financially as strong as Kent. Against the latter there was a strong prejudice on account of its reputation of unhealthfulness. When Mr. Willson found that Kent, where he was then pastor, was not likely to win, he threw his influence in favor of Akron. He was the first to call the attention of the citizens of this city to the proposed institution, and urge the importance and advantages to the place in which it might be located.

In September of 1867 the Western Reserve Association of Universalists was held in Akron. A special car conveyed the Kent people, and Brimfield, Windsor and other places

HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY - 203

sent large delegations. The enthusiasm of that meeting quickened much interest and touched John R. Buchtel. Although he had made his will, when he clearly saw the opportunity of founding a college, he was not slow in grasping its meaning and its importance to the cause of education.

However, to him the opportunity did not fully a appear until early in 1870. Mr. Willson and Mr. Miller had investigated the condition in Akron, interviewed prominent citizens, including Mr. Buchtel, without satisfactory results. They did not succeed in arousing sufficient interest to justify large expectations of locating the college in that city. After visiting several places and investigating their offers, Mr. Miller decided in favor of Mt. Gilead, a centrally located town in Morrow County. January 9, 1870, Rev. H. L. Canfield preached in Akron and on the evening of that day several friends met at the residence of Avery Spicer and earnestly discussed the question of the location of the college. All present felt that Akron was the place. The next day Mr. Canfield wrote the financial secretary to again visit Akron before finally deciding the question of location. Mr. Miller replied that he had already called a meeting of the trustees of the convention and its Educational Committee to meet at Columbus to decide the important question. The meeting was held but no decision was reached. A committee was appointed to accompany Mr. Miller to Akron and reinvestigate the situation. Rev. Geo. Messenger, an old friend of Mr. Buchtel's, gave his strong influence and the committee was satisfied that Akron was the right place for the institution. This was offered the city on the condition that the sum of $60,000 should be pledged. The offer was promptly accepted, Mr. Buchtel pledging $6,000 for a building fund and $25,000 as an endowment when the college should be established.

As the !records were burned when the college building was destroyed, it is impossible to recall the names of all of the original subscribers. On the list were the following: J. H. Pendleton, Ferd. Schumacher, Avery Spicer, Geo. Steese, S. M. Burnham, J. T. Trowbridge, M. W. Henry, E. P. Green, Geo. T. Perkins, Geo,. W. Crouse, N. D. Tibbals, A. C. Voris, J. Park Alexander, Goe. Coggshell, Talmon Beardsley, Lewis Miller, L. V. Bierce, J. Sumner, Wm. Buchtel, Dr. Childs, Jerry Long, W. B. Doyle, Brewster Bros., M. J. Atwood, Frank Adams, James Christy, John Christy, John Burton, John Wolf, Thos. Willey, C. Howe, Richard Howe, J. B. Lane, S. A. Lane, M. T. Cutter, J. B. Woods, Chas. Bonstead, John Seiberling.

Having decided in favor of Akron, the next important question was where to erect the building. The trustees of the Ohio convention, accompanied by citizens of the city, spent some time visiting different sections and considering offers from various parties. The result was the selection of the old cemetery grounds. The decision has never been regretted.

On the 31st day of May, 1870, the Board of Trustees and Committee on Education met at the Court House in Akron at 10 a. m. Trustees present: Rev. J. S. Cantwell, H. L. Canfield, J. W. Henley and Andrew Wilson and Mr. 0. F. Haymaker ; Committee on Education, Revs. B. F. Eaton and E. L. Rexford. Rev. H. F. Miller, financial secretary, stated that the citizens of Summit County had complied with the terms of the Trustees and Committee on Education. On motion of Rev. B. F. Eaton, it was unanimously voted to locate the college in Akron and to authorize Rev. H. F. Miller, W. Spaulding, Geo. Messenger, Henry Blandy, J. R. Buchtel, Hon. N. D. Tibbals, E. P. Green, Col. George T. Perkins, James Lantz and George Steese, together with the Trustees and Committee on Education to act as corporators.

By what name shall the college be known? This was a deeply interesting and important question and was earnestly discussed by the Trustees and Committee on Education. Some favored naming it Murray Centennial College, others Buchtel Universalist College. Mr. Buchtel was invited to attend the meeting and express his opinion. Honestly and frankly he said "name it what you like. The college

204 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

is yours, not mine. It shall have my hearty support. If prospered, I expect to give it one hundred thousand dollars." Then it was unanimously voted to name the child of the Ohio Universalist convention Buchtel College, in honor of the man who financially most loyally aided it in its infancy.

All necessary legal measures were taken, the corporation adopted articles of association, also a seal; elected a board of trustees, became a "Body Corporate" and then delivered all the property into the hands of the trustees. This board then organized by electing Hon. John R. Buchtel, president; Hon. Sanford M. Burnham, secretary, and Hon. George W. Crouse, treasurer. The services of Rev. H. F. Miller as financial secretary were secured, to date from January 1, 1870.

During the first week in June the Ohio Universalist Convention was held at Kent. The attendance was unusually large. In this centennial year of the Universalist Church in America, the college occupied a prominent place in the thoughts of all delegates and visitors. The action of the Trustees and the Committee on Education was earnestly indorsed amid great enthusiasm. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted:

Resolved, That this convention joyfully recognize the success of the friends of Universalism in their efforts to establish a denominational institution of learning in this State; that we appreciate the magnificent gift of our friend and brother, Hon. John R. Buchtel, of Akron, for this object and pledge to him our cordial co-operation to make the enterprise so generously aided a complete success.

Resolved, that, having confidence in the man, in his honor, rectitude, integrity, in his disinterestedness in this friendly gift, in the positive manly virtues of his life and the example which his history affords to the struggling youths of our country, we gratefully recognize the wisdom which gives the institution his name, and that will hereafter enable us to rank Buchtel College among the proudest monuments of our centennial year.

Under the able management of Rev. H. F. Miller, efficiently aided by Revs. J. S. Cantwell, editor of the Star in the West, Andrew Willson, H. L. Canfield, B. F. Eaton, R. T. Polk and many others, the canvass for funds was successfully pushed. The people had a mind to give, and preparations for erecting a suitable building were speedily commenced. T. W. Silloway, of Boston, was employed as architect and in due time Noah Caster, o Akron, was engaged to superintend the work of the building.

On the 4th of July, 1871, was laid the corner stone bearing the inscription, "Centenary of Universalism in America, 1870." In the presence of a great multitude, Horace Greeley gave an address on "Human Conceptions of God as They Affect the Moral Education of Our Race." In the evening a reception in honor of Mr. Greeley was held at the home of Hon. John R. Buchtel.

The trustees of the college appointed a committee, of which Hon. Henry Blandy was a member, to select a president for the institution. As Mr. Blandy had business engagements in New England, he was instructed to confer with leading scholars in the denomination and if possible report the name of some well-qualified man for that responsible position. On his return he reported that Rev. S. H. McCollester, D. D., had been highly recommended and that he would visit Akron in March of 1872. The promised visit was made and resulted in the engagement of Dr. McCollester, who moved to Akron the first of June of that year.

By this time the chapel was nearly finished and in it was held the Ohio Universalist Convention. This was a memorable session for the college. There were present delegates from nearly all the churches in the State and great interest was manifested in the new institution. Early in the year Rev. H. F. Miller resigned his position as financial secretary and retired the first of April. Rev. D. C. Tomlinson was then employed to fill the vacancy, and, under his leadership, assisted by Rev. J. S. Cantwell and others, about $17,000 was pledged for the college. Subscriptions varied in amount from $1,000 to $1.50 by a little

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 205

girl, Lillie Snell, of Dayton. The cost of furnishing each room was estimated at $60, and the person or church paying that sum had the privilege of naming the room. Pledges for furnishing nearly all the rooms were made before the close of the convention. To furnish a room in the name of Rev. I. D. Williamson, D. D., one of the ablest and most extensively known of the pioneer ministers, a hat collection was successfully taken.

On the building and furnishings between $160,000 and $200,000 had been expended. The following description was given in the first catalog issued. "The college building is two hundred and forty feet long, fifty-four feet wide and five stories high. Its style of architecture combines the Doric, Gothic and Norman. It is a grand structure of symmetrical and harmonious proportions. Its rooms for lectures, apparatus, cabinets, music and students, including the dining room and gymnasium, are light, airy and amply furnished with modern and most improved convenience. The building is warmed by steam, steam, lighted by gas and supplied by water. The site of the college is high, affording from its observatory one of the most extensive and delightful prospects in Ohio." Under the supervision of Julius Sumner the spacious grounds had been laid out artistically and received the admiration of all visitors.

There was great rejoicing when, on the 11th day of September, 1872, the college doors were open for students. On the first day ninety were enrolled. The next day the number reached 127, and during the year a total of 217. The faculty consisted of Rev. S. H. McCollester, D. D., president; N. White, A. M., professor of ancient languages; S. F. Peckham, professor of natural sciences ; Miss H. F. Spaulding, professor of English literature; Carl F. Kolbe, professor of modern languages; Alfred Welsh, A. B., professor of mathematics; H. D. Person, professor in normal department.

The Akron Beacon said : "A more auspicious beginning or a better augury of the commencement of a grand and prosperous career was not expected even by the most sanguine of the friends."

The college was dedicated September 20, 1872. On this memorable occasion President McCollester was assisted by home talent and by Rev. Paul Kendell of Lombard University; Rev. J. E. Forrester, D. D., of Chicago; Rev. L. J. Fletcher, of New York, who represented the Universalist General Convention, and by Mrs. Caroline A. Soule, author of the Dedication hymn. The architect, T. W. Silloway, made a brief address and delivered the keys to the trustee. On behalf of the trustees, Hon. Henry Blandy expressed satisfaction with the work and accepted the keys. The congregation then sang the following Dedication hymn, written by Mrs. Caroline A. Soule:

DEDICATION HYMN.

A hundred years of our story

Had garnered their heavy sheaves,

Harvests of valor and glory,

As brilliant as Autumn leaves!

And tenderly then the reapers

Of this golden, precious grain,

Chanted the dirge of the sleepers

In a soft and solemn strain.

The dirge was only for sleepers,

As its music died away,

There rose from the voice of reapers

The song of an op'ning day.

Like martyrs crowding the altar,

All pledging themselves anew

In work of love ne'er to falter

Which their hands may find to do.

And now we review the story,

As we gather in our sheaves!

Harvests of valor and glory,

And crown them with laurel leaves!

Father Almighty' we pray Thee

To bless this work of our hands,

And may it shed unceasingly

Bright radiance o'er all lands!

Where error bindeth its fetters,

Where sloth holdeth prey in chain,

May soldiers of science and letters

Their triumph and honors gain!

From North and South we will call them—

The sons of our sainted sires;

From East and West we will draw them

To kindle these sacred fires!

206 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

As the years shall tell their story,

And reapers harvest the grain,

In the flush of each year's glory

Our loved will meet here again!

Blessing Founder of this College,

Praising our Father above

For his bestowals of knowledge,

And treasures of Infinite Love!

Rev. S. H. McCollester, D. D., was then installed president. Hon. John R. Buchtel, president of the Board of Trustees, conducting the service. Hon. Henry Blandy then presented the keys to President McCollesthr who gave his inaugural address on "The Educational Demand of the Nation."

On the first Sunday after the college was opened, Rev. James H. Herron, of the Erie

M. E. Conference, preached in the chapel, and from that time regular Sunday services were held by Dr. McCollester, or substitutes. To him belongs the credit of the organization of the Universalist Church that was intended to furnish a religious home for all who desired a denominational place of worship. He also organized the educational work and placed it upon a solid foundation. Day and night he labored for the success of the institution and gave generously of his means for its support.

For some time the attendance was encouraging. Money was generously contributed and the institution seemed on the highway to great prosperity, when a dark cloud settled over the financial affairs of our country and threatened many enterprises with speedy destruction. This cloud is known as the panic of 1873. Its full force was not felt by the college until a year or so later. It was this trying ordeal that tested the loyalty of the professed friends. It was then demonstrated that John R. Buchtel was truly reliable.

In the spring of 1875 Rev. D. C. Tomlinson resigned the office of financial secretary. Soon the Executive Committee sought the services of Rev. Andrew Willson, then pastor of the churches at Kent and Brimfield. After being persistently urged, in the following December Mr. Willson accepted the responsible position, which he held till June, 1878. During this period the college passed through its most trying financial experience. Only John R. Buchtel and the financial secretary knew how nearly it came to closing its doors. In debt nearly $50,000, a large portion to banks at 10 per cent interest, it was no easy task to prevent notes going to protest. All the bankers were as patient as their rules would permit, and no note was ever protested. While money for the debt was earnestly sought, special attention had to be given to securing funds for the payment of interest and regular current expenses. By 1878 financial confidence was 'measurably restored, and the college having passed safely through its severe ordeal, began to ,plan for 'more aggressive work to meet the indebtedness and increase the endowment.

In the time of pressing need many besides John R. Buchtel and wife had a mind to work and give. Rev. and Mrs. George Messenger had endowed the mental and moral philosophy professorship; Mr. arid Mrs. John Hilt6n, the chair of modern languages; Mrs. Chloe Pierce, of Sharpsville, Pennsylvania, had given $10,000 for the chair of English literature, and the balance of $10,000 had been nearly all subscribed by many donors. Twenty-five scholarships of $1,000 each, fifteen of them drawing interest, had been established by the following donors: James Pierce, Elijah Drury, Mrs. Mary C. Roosa, James F. Davidson, Betsey Thomas, John Perdue, Eli M. Kennedy, John K. Smith, N. S. Olin, John B. Smith, Candia Palmer, George W. Steele, Mrs. George W. Steele, Mrs. Betsy Dodge, Brice Hilton, John Loudenback, John Espy, Joseph Hidy, Sr., Rev. H. P. and Mrs. D. E. Sage, Mrs. E. V. Stedman, Mrs. Henry Boszar, E. F. Louden-back, H. D. Loudenback, Thomas Kirby, Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Kelly.

To help meet interest and current expenses generous contributions were made by Rev. S. H. McCollester, D. D., Joy H. Pendleton, Ferd. Schumacher, Avery Spicer, J. T. Trowbridge, Judge N. D. Tibbals, M. W. Henry, S. M. Burnham, Col. George T. Perkins, Gen. A. C. Voris, E. P. Green, Esq., George Reese, Hon. George W. Crouse, I. Park Alexander, Jonas and Frank Pierce, of Sharpsville, Penn-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 209

sylvania; Thomas Espy, of Kenton, Ohio; W. H. Slade, Columbus, Ohio ; Rev. C. L. Shipman, Girard, Pennsylvania; 0. F. Haymaker, Kent, Ohio; Edmunt Stearns, Olmstead, Ohio; E. L. Litchfield, Conneautville, Pennsylvania; Rev. H. L. Canfield, Rev. Andrew Willson and many others. Nearly all the professors and teachers voluntarily donated a part of their salaries.

In June, 1878, Rev. Andrew Wilson resigned as secretary and ex-officio financial secretary. Rev. H. F. Miller succeeded him for a few months. In June, 1879, A. B. Tinker, M. S., LL. B., was elected and continued in that position until 1891, when he was succeeded by C. R. Olin, B. S. During the early work of the college, Rev. S. P. Carlton acted for a few months as canvassing agent, and at a later period Rev. W. P. Burnell devoted a few months to that business. Financial and general agents were employed as follows: William F. Crispin, from 1880 to 1885; Rev. H. L. Canfield, D. D., 1885 to 1886; Arthur A. Stearns, A. M., 1887 to 1889; Julius Simmons, a part of 1891; Rev. E. W. Preble and H. H. Hollinbeck, in 1893 and 1894.

For many years the college did not have any very unusual financial experiences. Like all similar institutions, it was always hungry for money and thankful for the donations of friends. The panic of 1893 limited its resources, but did not seriously affect its financial conditions. The trying ordeal came December 20, 1899, when the building that was sacred in the estimation of the founders and early teachers and students, was totally destroyed by fire. With the building went valuable natural science collections, the gifts of Dr. McCollester, Prof. E. W. Claypole and others. Many articles cannot be duplicated. The fire was a great calamity. It shocked and saddened, but did not discourage the friends of the institution. Arrangements were speedily made to continue the regular work of the college in Crouse Gymnasium and other buildings, until a new structure could be erected. The calamity deeply stirred the citizens of Akron and vicinity, and the friends of liberal education throughout a large territory, and general sympathy was embodied in generous donations. New buildings were speedily planned. It was not deemed wise to erect one large structure, but to have several separated from each other. The college received from insurance, $63,986.12. From donations, $38,233.95, a total of $102,220.07. Exclusive of furnishings, the new buildings cost $95,269.28, viz.: Buchtel Hall, $47,466.67; Academy Building, $25,559.73; Heating Plant, $10,591.73; Curtis Cottage, $11,674.15.

The donations came from individuals and churches in various sums, varying from a few cents by children up to several thousand dollars. The largest sum donated by any Universalist Church, outside of Akron, was $500 from Brimfield. The next was All Souls Church, Cleveland, $207. Unity Church, Cleveland, included a handsome individual subscription of $610.

For trustees the college has had the following named persons:

Entered

Retired

1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872

1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1873
1873
1873
1874
1874
1875
1875
1875
1875
1875
1877
1878
1878
1878

John R. Buchtel, Akron

Gen. A. C. Voris, Akron

Rev. Geo. Messenger, Akron

Judge N. D. Tibbals, Akron

Rev. Andrew Willson, D. D., Ravenna

Rev. H. L. Canfield, D. D., Pasadena, Cal.

Judge E. P. Green, Akron

Col. Geo. T. Perkins, Akron

Avery Spicer, Akron

Rev. J. S. Cantwell, D. D., Chicago

Milton W. Henry, Akron

Rev. E. L. Rexford, Columbus, O

Philip Wieland, Mt. Gilead

Hon. James Pierce, Sharpsville, Pa

J. L. Grandin, Tidioute, Pa

S. K. Shedd, Youngstown

Henry Blandy, Zanesville

John F. Sieberling, Akron

J. Dorsey Angier, Titusville, Pa

Hon. Geo. W. Crouse, Akron

Isaac Eberly, Columbus

Geo. M. Hord, Cincinnati, 0

Joy H. Pendleton, Akron

William A. Mack, Norwalk

Ferdinand Schumacher, Akron

Henry Boszar, Brimfield

Jonas J. Pierce, Sharpsville, Pa

James T. Trowbridge, Akron

John A. Garver, Bryan

James S. Birkey, Newark

Rev. J. F. Rice, Olmsted

William A. Mack, Norwalk

Hon. S. M. Burnham, Akron

1892

1889

1872

1890

1894

1896

1881

1881

1880

1878
1878
1875
1874
1874
1873
1873
1873
1875
1875
1875
1891
1875
1899
1891
1894
1821
1877
1878
1881
1881
1899

210 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

1880
1881
1881
1881
1881
1881
1882
1883
1883
1883
1884
1886

1886
1886
1889
1889
1889
1889
1890
1891
1892
1892
1893
1894
1895
1895
1895
1895
1895
1896
1896
1896
1896

Wm. H. Slade, Columbus

Horace Y. Beebe, Ravenna

Col. A. L. Conger, Akron

Chas. J. Robinson, Akron

A. W. Wright, Saginaw City, Mich

Austin A. Spicer, Akron

Joseph Hidy, Jr., Ph. B., Wash. C. H

Lev. Wm. H. Ryder, D. D., Chicago, Ill.

Hon. H. L. Morey, Hamilton

Arthur A. Stearns, A. M., Cleveland

Judge Selwyn N. Owen, Bryan

Rev. C. E. Nash, A. B., D. D., Pasadena, Cal.

Chas. H. Stephens, Cincinnati, O

Facob A. Motz, Akron

Dayton A. Doyle, A. B., LL. B., Akron

John F. Eddy, Bay City, Mich

Hon. Geo. W. Crouse, Akron

Rev. J. F. Rice, Coe Ridge

Judge A. C. Voris, Akron

Albert B. Tinker, M. S., LL. B., Akron

Geo. L. Case, Cleveland

Mrs. Abby Schumacher, Ph. B., Akron

Rev. Henrietta G. Moore, Springfield

Frank Pierce, Sharpsville, Pa

Alex W. Maynes, B. S., Akron

W. T. Sawyer, Akron

D. Irving Badger, Akron

Hon. I. N. Hathaway, Chardon

Col. A. L. Conger, Akron

Rev. C. F. Henry, Cleveland

Judge U. L. Marvin, Akron

Eberly D. Smith, Blanchester

Samuel L. Thompson, A. B., LL. B. Brink Haven

1898
1883
1883
1886

1882

1883

1883

1884
1886

1904

1886
1889
1889
1889
1895
1896

1895

1895
1896
1903
1896
1900
1897
1903
1907
1902
1900
1896
1905
1900
1900

1899

1898
1898
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1901
1901
1902
1902

1903
1903
1903
1904
1905
1905
1905
1906

1906
1906
1907
1907

Johnson A. Arbogast, Akron

Hon. A. B. Griffin, Norwalk

Wallace L. Carlton., Akron

Rev. A. B. Church, A. M., D. D., Akron

Rev. H. L. Canfield, D. D., Bellville.

Frank H. Mason, Akron

Herbert B. Briggs, B. S., Cleveland.

Wm. Buchtel, Akron

Robt. Tucker, Ph. B., Toledo

Supt. Henry V. Hotchkiss, Ph. D., Akron

Rev. Lee S. McCollester, D. D., Detroit, Mich

Chas. C. Goodrich, A. B., Akron

E. T. Binns, Bryan

Frank T. Fisher, New York City

James Ford, B. S., Washington C.

John R. Smith, A. B., Akron

Frank M. Cook, A. B., Akron

Albert A. Kohler, A. B., M. D., Akron

Hon. Joseph Hidy, Ph. B., LL. Cleveland

A. V. Cannon, B. S., Cleveland

Oscar F. Haymaker, Kent

A. E. Roach, Akron

R. A. Clark, Pittsburgh, Pa.

1899

1903

1906

1905
1905
1905

1906
1906

1907

EXECUT IVE DEPARTMENT.

1872

1892

1894

1905

1872
1877
1878
1879
1892

1872
1875
1879
1891

1897

1872
1872
1872
1872
1872
1873
1873
1873
1876
1877
1877
1877
1878
1879
1880
1880
1881

President of Board-

John R. Buchtel

Ferd Schumacher

Geo. W. Crouse

Rev. A. B. Church, D. D.

Secretary

Hon. S. M. Burnham

Rev. Andrew Willson, D. D.

Hon. S. M. Burnham

Albert Tinker, M. S., LL. B.

C. R. Olin

Treasurer

Hon. G. W. Crouse

James T. Trowbridge

Joy H. Pendleton

Albert B. Tinker

Charles R. Olin, Sec'y and Treasurer

Executive Committee

Hon. John R. Buchtel

Henry Blandy

Rev. J. S. Cantwell, D. D.

Hon. S. M. Burnham

Gen. A. C. Voris

Col. Geo. T. Perkins

Judge E. P. Green

Rev. Andrew Willson, D. D.

Milton W. Henry

Joy H. Pendleton

James T. Trowbridge

Rev. Andrew Willson, D. D.

Hon. S. M. Burnham

Albert B. Tinker

William H. Slade

Col. Geo. T. Perkins

Col. A. L. Conger

1892
1894
1905

1877

1878
1879
1892

1875
1879
1891
1897

1892
1873
1873
1877
1873
1877
1880
1876
1877
1881
1880
1878
1879
1882
1881
1883
1882

1881
1882
1882
1883
1884
1885
1889
1889
1890
1891
1891
1893
1894
1894
1895
1895
1896
1897
1897
1901
1901
1905

Edwin P. Green

Judge A. C. Voris

Charles S. Robinson, B. S.

Ferd. Schumacher

Joy H. Pendleton

Albert B. Tinker

Col. Geo. T. Perkins

Rev. Andew Willson, D. D.

Hon. G. W. Crouse

Albert B. Tinker

Hon. G. W. Crouse

Dayton A. Doyle

Geo. L. Case

Judge N. D. Tibbals

W. T. Sawyer

D. Irving Badger

Johnson A. Arbogast

Frank H. Mason

Wallace L. Carlton

Supt. Henry V. Hotchkiss

Rev. A. B. Church, D. D.

Frank M. Cook, A. B.

1883
1889
1884
1894
1891
1889
1892
1890
1891
1895

1895
1895
1898
1900
1898

1903

1905

INSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT

1872

1878

President-

Rev. S. H. McCollester, D. D.

Rev. E. L. Rexford, D. D.

1878

1880

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 211

1880 1896

1897

1901

1872

1874
1883
1884
1889
1903
1905
1906

1872

1873
1874
1875
1883

1897

1903

1872
1876
1878
1880
1882
1882
1895

1904

1872
1877
1878
1905

1884

Rev. Orello Cone, D. D.

Charles M. Knight, A. M. (Provisional President)

Rev. Ira A. Priest, D. D.

Rev. A. B. Church, D. D., LL.

Mathematics—

Alfred Welsh, A. M.

Elias Fraunfelter, A. M., Ph. D.

George S. Ely, Ph. D.

Charles S. Howe, Ph. D.

Hermas V. Egbert, A. M.

Frank M. Morrison, A. M.

Wilfred H. Sherk, A. M.

Paul Biefeld, A. M., Ph. D.

Natural Science—

S. F. Peckham, A. M.

Sarah M. Glazier, A. M.

Alfred Welsh, A. M.

Charles M. Knight, A. M.

Edward W. Claypole, B. A., Sc. D., F. G., S. S. of L. E. and A.

Samuel P. Orth, B. S.

Charles Brookover, M.

Ancient Languages—

Rev. Nehemiah White, A. M., Ph. D..

Rev. I. B. Choate, A. M.

Rev. G. A. Peckham, A. M.

Benjamin T. Jones, A. M.

Wm. D. Shipman, A. M. (Greek)

Charles C. Bates, A. B. (Latin)

Charles C. Bates, A. B. (Latin and Greek)

Joseph C. Rockwell, A. M.

Modern Languages—

Carl F. Kolbe, A. M.

G. H. G. McGrew, A. M.

Carl F. Kolbe, A. M., Ph. D.

Parke R. Kolbe, A. M.

Physics and Chemistry—

Charles M. Knight, A. M., Sc. D.

1896

1897

1901

1874
1883
1884
1889
1903
1905
1906

1873

1874

1875

1883

1897

1903

1876
1878
1880
1882
1895
1895

1904

1877

1878

1905

1872
1879
1880
1884
1892
1893
1896
1905

1902

1890
1891
1894
1896
1900
1901
1902
1906

1883

1890

1891
1894

1896

1872
1874
1897
1904
1906

1882
1884
1885
1886
1890
1891
1899

English Literature—

Helen F. Spalding, A. M.

Benjamin T. Jones, A. M.

Maria Parsons, A. M.

Mary B. Jewett, A. M.

Margaret G. Bradford, B. A.

Ellen E. Garrigues, A. M.

Maria Parsons, A. M.

Albert I. Spantoh, A. M.

Philosophy, Economics and History—

Oscar E. Olin, A. M.

Rhetoric and Oratory—

Cecil Harper

L. Alonzo Butterfield, A. M., Ph. D.

Mrs. A. M. Garrigues

L. Elmie Warner, Ph. B.

Carita McEbright, A. B.

Maude Herndon, B. S.

Anna M. Ray

Louise Forsyth

Instructors in Law—

Albert B. Tinker, M. S., LL. B.

Frediric C. Bryan, A. B., LL. B.

Charles R. Grant, A. B.

Frediric C. Bryan, A. B., LL. B.

Lee K. Mihiiis, LL. B.

Principals of Preparatory and Buch Academy-

Prin., H. D. Persons

Prin., Jennie Gifford, B. S.

Prin., Oscar E. Olin, A. M.

Prin., Godfrey Charles Schaible, A. B.

Prin., Charles O. Rundell, B. S

Art Department—

Mrs. Kate D. Jackson

Mrs. Ada E. Metcalf

Emma P. Goodwin

Alexander T. Van Laer

Bolton Coit Brown, M. D.

Minnie C. Fuller

May F. Sanford

1873
1880
1884
1892
1893
1896
1905
1893

1891

1894
1896
1900
1901
1902
1906

1890

1891

1893

1896

1897

1873
1898
1904
1906

1884
1885
1886
1890
1891
1898

1872

1898

1904

1906

Music—

Gustavus Sigel

Estella F. Mihillson, Ph. B.

Lucy Ione Edgerton

Isabel Kennedy

1899

1904

1906

Valuable service as teachers has been rendered by

Wallace Mays, A. B.
Lizzie M, Slade, A. B.
Inez L. Shipman, B. S.
James H. Aydelotte, B. S.
Mary E. Stockman, L. A.
Susie Chamberlain, M. S.
Dora E. Merrill
Martha A. Bertle
Samuel Findley, A. M., Ph. D.
Charles W. Foote, A. M., Ph. D.
Helen S. Pratt, L. A.
Lillie R. Moore, A. B.
Philip G. Wright, A. M.
Charles R. Olin, B. S.
Tracy L. Jeffords, Ph. B.
Edwin L. Findley, A. B.
Willard H. Van Orman, B. S.
Claudia E. Schrock, A. B.
Blanche M. Widdecombe, Ph. B.
Charles H. Shipman, A. B.

Lack of space forbids mention of all names entitled to credit for valuable services in different departments.

ENDOWMENTS.

Besides the gifts already mentioned since June, 1878, donations have been received as follows:

DONATIONS.

BUCHTEL PROFESSORSHIP.

The Buchtel Professorship of Physics and Chemistry was named in honor of Mrs. Elizabeth Buchtel, late of Akron.

212 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

AINSWORTH PROFESSORSHIP.

The Ainsworth Professorship of Mathematics and Astronomy was endowed by Henry Ainsworth, late of Lodi.

RYDER PROFESSORSHIP.

The Ryder Professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory was established by the Board of Trustees in memory of Dr. William H. Ryder, late of Chicago.

MESSENGER FUND.

The Messenger Fund was created by Mrs. Lydia A. E. Messenger, late of Akron. The fund consists of $30,000.

The Isaac and Lovinia Kelly Fund was created by Isaac Kelly, late of Mill Village, Pa. This fund consists of $35,788.

WILLIAM PITT CURTIS FUND.

This fund was established by William Pitt Curtis, of Wadsworth, Ohio. It now amounts to $25,000.

A friend of the college and the church has given for the endowment of a Theological Professorship, the sum of $10,000.

Twenty-six scholarships have been endowed by the following named doners:

S. T. and S. A. Moon - Cuba
George Thomas - Greenwich
Mrs. E. W. Terrill - Jeffersonville
Mrs. John H. Hilton - Akron
Samuel Birdsell - Peru
Samuel Grandin - Tidioute, Pa.
N. B. and A. E. Johnson - Mingo
Henry Ainsworth - Lodi
Miss Anna A. Johnson - Bay City, Mich.
Mr. and Mrs. John Miller - Edgerton
John P. Chapin - New Philadelphia
Christian Swank - Creston, O.
Mrs. S. O. Acomb - Tidioute, Pa.
Mrs. Jane Betz - Hamilton
Miss Hannah Allyn - Akron
Mrs. Rosa G. Wakefield - Green

These scholarships are intended to aid worthy and deserving students, and are awarded by a Scholarship Committee under authority from the Board of Trustees.

The following from the catalogue for 19061907, contains valuable information worthy of a place in the history.

The College Campus comprises six acres, is situated on the highest eminence in the county and faces on Buchtel Avenue, one of the pleasantest residence streets of the city. The Loop Line electric cars, which receive transfers from all city and suburban lines, pass the college gates.

BUCHTEL HALL

Buchtel Hall, designed for college classes in all work except chemistry, is a beautiful building, classic in design and convenient in arrangement. The main entrance is up a broad flight of marble steps to the first floor, which is high enough to leave the basement story almost entirely above ground. In the center of the first floor is the grand staircase and an open court extending to a skylight. There are four large recitation rooms with a professor's private office connected with each on the first and second floors. On the ground floor, besides a work-shop and separate study, bicycle, and toilet rooms for young men and women, is a suite of six rooms well planned and equipped for the Physical Laboratories.

BUCHTEL ACADEMY.

The Academy is designed for the convenience of the Preparatory, Oratory and Art Schools. It is a roomy and convenient three story building. On the ground floor are the Physical Laboratories, and the separate lockers and toilet rooms for young men and women. On the second floor are the Administration offices and the main recitation rooms. On the third floor are the large Art Rooms and Assembly Room, which is used for Mechanical Drawing.

FIRE-PROOF.

These two new buildings are fire-proof and have the heating, ventilating and sanitary arrangements and appointments of the most

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 213

approved kind known to modern builders. With the Gymnasium, they are heated from one central heating plant.

ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY.

The Observatory is intended for the use of students, and, although some of the apparatus is very delicate and costly, yet it will be freely placed in the hands of those students who prepare themselves for its use. It is furnished with the following instruments:

An equatorial telescope of 4.5 inches aperture.

A meridian circle of 3 inches aperture, provided with various necessary accessory apparatus, and so mounted that it can be used as a zenith telescope.

Two astronomical clocks, furnished with electrical connections.

A chronograph.

Various other minor apparatus.

CROUSE GYMNASIUM.

This building is named in honor of Hon. George W. Crouse, of Akron, one of the liberal benefactors of the college. The structure is a substantial brick building, one hundred and two feet in length by fifty-three in breadth. The basement contains the locker, dressing and bathing rooms thoroughly furnished. On the first floor are the directors' office and the gymnasium proper, which is eighty-four feet long and forty-eight feet broad. This room is equipped with the most approved apparatus and offers every facility for physical development. A running gallery of twenty-five laps to the mile surrounds the room.

The Gymnasium is open at stated times for the exclusive use of the young women, and at others times for the exclusive use of the young men, in both instances under a trained director.

In addition to the above mentioned facilities for physical culture, the college possesses, only three squares away, extensive and elaborately equipped Athletic Grounds of four acres, which are admirably adapted for use of the students in playing base ball, foot-ball, lawn tennis and similar games.

At present the Chemical Laboratory occupies a suite of six rooms in the basement of the Gymnasium and is modernly equipped for practical work.

The Buchtel College Music School occupies certain rooms in the Gymnasium.

A two-manual pipe organ has been recently erected for chapel use and instruction. The Gymnasium is also used, for the present, as the chapel assembly room.

THE HEATING PLANT.

The Heating Plant is located in a building by itself, thus avoiding any danger from fire or explosion. The plant is equipped with a thoroughly modern smoke consuming device. By means of conduits the steam is conveyed to the other buildings where fresh air is heated and forced through the rooms by the fan system.

CURTIS COTTAGE.

Curtis Cottage is the college home for women. It was completed and first occupied in January 1905. It has eleven student rooms, uniform in size and furnishings and arranged for two students in a room,—parlors, dining room, kitchen, laundry and its own efficient hot' water heating plant. It furnishes also a delightful suite of rooms for each of the women's fraternities.

The Cottage is in charge of a preceptress of culture and school experience, and provides, at a moderate expense, a home for women students, which is most modern and sanitary in all of its appointments, convenient and comfortable in its arrangements, and delightful and elevating in its social life.

THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE.

The President's House is situated on the campus within easy access of the other buildings, is a commodious, substantial brick structure wth modern conveniences and is occupied by the President and his family.

214 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

AIM

Buchtel College is organized and equipped to give young men and women a wholesome physical development, a most thorough mental discipline, and a practical, altruistic, moral training; to hold up before them the noblest ideals of manhood and womanhood, and to develop within them a genius for usefulness

INSTRUCTION.

The instruction of the college aims to combine the advantages of the lecture, recitation and laboratory system.

BUCHTEL SCHOOL OF ART.

The Art School is situated at the Academy Building in a specially arranged and equipped suite of rooms and is under the personal superivsion of a trained and experienced specialist. The School offers excellent advantages for the study of art. It embraces instruction in charcoal, crayon, pencil, pastel, oil and water color. Students work from origin designs, life, casts, and still life.

COLLEGE COURSES.

The curriculum embraces:
First: A Classical Course.
Second: A Philosophical Course.
Third: A Scientific Course.

These are four year courses leading to the degrees of A. B., Ph. B., and S. B., and are equal to those adopted by other similar institutions of the country.

ACADEMY COURSES.

In connection with the college, but occupying a separate building on the Campus, and a separate Faculty, is Buchtel Academy, in which students are thoroughly prepared for college entrance. Owing to limited numbers, the student is under the personal supervision of a strong corps of teachers and is afforded daily practical drill in class room and laboratory work.

BUCHTEL SCHOOL OF MUSIC.

The Music School is located at the college in Crouse Gymnasium. Thorough and technical training, beginning with fundamentals, is given in instrumental course by capable and experienced specialists.

LABORATORY AND APPARATUS.

The larger portion of the basement rooms of Crouse Gymnasium have been rearranged since the fire of 1899 for use as chemical laboratories consisting of five rooms. A general laboratory for the use of students during the first year of work in chemistry has been fitted with all modern facilities. Drainage, gas, hot and cold water, and all necessary apparatus, are at each student's desk. The students pursuing quantitative methods have ample room and opportunities for the more refined and careful researches in a laboratory by themselves, undisturbed by other workers. The ventilation of the laboratories is good, special wall flues carrying off noxious vapers.

The laboratories for physics are arranged in the basement of Buchtel Hall. Six rooms are given to the use of experimental physics. The rooms for experiments in electricity and magnetism are free from iron in their construction, and solid masonry floors in all laboratories secure the instruments from all outside jar and disturbance.

Excellent facilities for work in photography are provided by a well equipped dark-room, and students in physical science are encouraged to become familiar with the best methods of experimental illustration.

The department of Natural Science is located in the new Buchtel Hall, where three laboratory and lecture rooms are fitted for work in biology and geology. The student is supplied with microscopes, reagents, micro-tomes, and other apparatus needful for thorough work in biographical research. A collec-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 215

tion of minerals and crystals, together with maps, charts and paleontological cabinet,
comprise the equipment for work in Geology.

The College is supplied with excellent surveying instruments, in the way of compass, engineer's level, surveyor's transit, with solar attachment for determining the true meridian, independent of the needle, chains, tapes, poles, pins, etc.

The Astronomical Observatory is adequately equipped with efficient, delicate and costly instruments for carrying on in a practical laboratory way that line of higher mathematics.

BIERCE LIBRARY

The College Library had its origin with a collection of works donated in 1874 by the late Gen. L. V. Bierce. During the early days of the college the library was augmented by books purchased from the proceeds of a bequest received from Gen. Bierce's estate. In recognition of this early gift the library has been called the Bierce Library.

At the present time the Library is in Buchtel Hall and embraces about 9,000 bound volumes of standard works (exclusive of public documents). These books have been mostly selected with special reference to their use in connection with the various depart ments of college instruction. All are classified and arranged on the shelves by the Dewey system of classification. The whole Library is practically one of reference, as students have access to the shelves at all hours of the day. Books may also be drawn by students, professors and officers, in accordance with the regulations, for use outside the Library.

Since the fire of 1899 the Library has been reclassified and recatalogued and put in the best working order for students.

In connection with the College Library is the College Reading Room, which has upon its files the leading periodicals and newspapers of the day. These are selected, upon recomendation of the various professors, with special reference to supplementing their classroom instruction.

A trained librarian of experience has charge of the library to render it of the greatest usefulness to the students.

ATHLETICS.

Recognizing the fact that physical 'training is as legitimate a part of any system of education as is the mental, Buchtel College has made ample provision for this course in education, in her large and well equipped Gymnasium and Athletic Field. Systematic instruction is given to bath young men and warren in the Gymnasium each year by trained instructors, and the young men are given systematic training and regular drill in track athletics. Public sports such as foot-ball, base ball, basket ball, and lawn tennis are permitted and encouraged so far as is consistent with the student's health and with his progress in the class-room.

ORATORICAL ASSOCIATION.

The students of Buchtel College maintain an Oratorical Association to which all college students are eligible. The object of the society is to secure an increased interest in public speaking, with special reference to the presentation of original productions. The local association is a branch of the State Association, which includes a number of the leading colleges of the State. Each year a local contest is held by the association, the winner of which is sent by the association to the State contest. The successful contestant in the State contest represents the State in the interstate contest.

LITERARY AND DEBATING CLUB.

A Literary and Debating Club is organized among the students. Regular meetings are held for the discussion and debating of topics of interest. Often public debates are held with the neighboring societies and colleges.

216 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

DRAMATIC CLUB.

A Dramatic Organization is maintained by the students for mutual self-culture, and for the study of literature and the histrionic art. One or more public entertainments are given each year with credit to the club and the College.

All such literary organizations and efforts are approved and encouraged by the College.

CO-EDUCATION.

The College and Academy admit students of both sexes. No sex discrimination is made in requirements, and equal educational advantages and honors are offered to each.

MASTER'S DEGREES.

The degree of A. M. will be conferred upon those who have acquired the degree of A. B. or Ph. B., and the degree of M. S. upon those who have acquired the degree of B. S. These degrees will be granted in not less than two years after graduation, unless the applicant, in residence, can devotee the larger part of his time to his work, when the degrees may be granted in one year.

PRIZE FUNDS.

Alumni Prizes.—A fund has been established by the alumni of the College, the income of which is annually appropriated according to the following regulations :

1st That student being a member of the Senior Class of the academy—who makes the highest average grade during the year in full Senior work in the Academy, and completes his Senior year without conditions, shall be entitled to free tuition during the succeeding year.

2nd. That student—being a member of the Freshman Class—who attains the highest average grade during the year in the regular freshman work and completes -the year without any conditions, shall be entitled to free tuition during the succeeding year.

3rd. That student—being a member of the Sophomore Class—who attains the highest average grade during the year in not fewer than thirty-two term hours above the freshman year, and completes this year without conditions, shall be entitled to free tuitio during the succeeding year.

4th. That student—being a member of the Junior Glass—who attains the highest average grade during the year in not fewer than thirty-two term hours above the freshman year, and completes this year without conditions, shall be entitled to free tuitio during the succeeding year.

5th. In determining the award of prizes for any year, there shall be considered only grades made in regular class work at Buchtel College during that year in subjects completed before Commencement day.

6^th. In case of a tie in any class the prize shall be equally divided.

7th. The prize for any class shall go to th student attaining the second highest average grade only in case the one ranking high does not return to Buchtel College the nex succeeding year.

Oliver C. Ashton Prizes.—A fund consisting of- $3,000 has been established by the late Oliver C. Ashton, endowing the O. C. Ashton Prizes for excellence in reading and recitation.

The annual income of this fund will be paid, one-third to competitors from the Senior Class, one-third to competitors from the Junior Class, and one-third to competitors from the Sophomore Class, in a first and second prize to each class, in the proportion of two to one.

These are public exercises, and will take place at stated times during the year.

Pendleton Law Prizes.—For the purpose of encouraging the study of Law and Civil. Government, a fund of $1,000 has been established by Joy H. Pendleton, late of Akron, the annual income of which is used as prizes for essays in the Law Class. Two-thirds of such income is annually to be paid for the best essay, and one-third for the second best essay, on some subject of Law or Government announced by the Instructor in Law.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 217

High Schools.—The College offers annually one scholarship to each of several high schools, to be awarded to the student standing highest during the last year of his High School course. Each scholarship entitles the holder to two years' free tuition in College, subject to conditions which may be learned on application to the President of Buchtel College.

Township.—Two standing scholarships in the Academy are offered to pupils in each Township of Summit County who. complete the common school course in the country schools. These scholarships are awarded to the two pupils in each township passing the best examination before the County Board of School Examiners, under the provisions of the Patterson Law.

Students winning the High School or Township Scholarships must begin their course of study not later than one year from the opening of the following school year.

RESULT.

The College has just closed the thirty-fifth year of substantial educational work. It has been ably officered and has had a well qualified faculty, one that will compare favorably with that of any similar institution in our country. It has had generous support and liberal patronage, and has made history of which its friends are not ashamed. This has required earnest work and large sacrifice. The founders were men and women of large hearts, who planned for the best good of humanity. Cheerfully and freely did they give time and money for the erection of buildings and the endowment of the institution, and if their descendants truly honor the founders, The College will increase in strength and usefulness as the years go by. It surely has a bright outlook.

WHAT HAS THE COLLEGE DONE FOR AKRON
AND SUMMIT COUNTY.

It is impossible to fully answer this very appropriate and important question. Some facts may more than suggest the true answer. It has brought into the City approximately one million dollars for building purposes, endowment funds and current expenses. Each year students expend thousands of dollars for board, clothing and other items.

It has increased the value of real estate, especially its vicinity, and it has advertised the city, its various industries and enterprises as nothing else could have done. Young men and women who have spent several years in the institution will not soon cease to sound the praise of the city that gave them generous hospitality.

While the College was established by the Ohio Universalist Convention, and a very large share of the building fund and endowment has been donated by members of the Universalist Church, yet it is not, strictly speaking, denominational. It is religious but not sectarian. It tolerates and respects all religious opinions and organizations and asks no questions of students concerning their theology.

It seeks to occupy a high moral plane and aims to inspire in students exalted ideals of character and life.

Its educational standard is equal to that of any college in Ohio. Graduates are welcomed to Harvard, Yale, and all American Universities on the diplomas received at Buchtel. More than this, students who spend one or more years at Buchtel are everywhere credited, without examination, with all the marks that have been received. Its standing is unquestioned. With its record its friends have abundant reason to be satisfied.

Possessing buildings well adapted for the purpose designed, well equipped for teaching Science, Art, Literature, etc., with a faculty composed of able, scholarly men and women, the College has furnished the opportunity for hundreds of young men and women to obtain a liberal education at home at a comparatively trifling expense. By bringing into the city a considerable number of gifted men and women it has helped to elevate the intellectual and mora ltone of the citizens. It is now known not only as an enterprising commercial town, but as an educational center, that

218 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

challenges the attention of people of character and influence. Summit County has abundant reason for being grateful to those who earnestly and successfully labored to secure the institution in its County Seat. While it has a wide field and draws patronage from several states, yet it peculiarly belongs to Akron, and in its perpetuity and prosperity citizens should take a just pride and extend generous help. As a beacon light to Akron, Summit County, and humanity, it challenges the respect and confidence of the world and truly merits the generous support of a large constituency.

CHAPTER XIII

RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT

First Churches and Pioneer Clergy—General History of Religious Organizations — Churches and Clergy of To-day.

Akron has sixty-two churches within its corporation limits This demonstrates that the city is not wholly given to manufacturing, leisure and society. Akron is a typical American city and believes that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Therefore, its citizens are provided with large and modern theaters and a beautiful music hall. A strong religious influence also permeates Akron's life. The same desire for culture which has brought such great success in educational lines, has manifested itself in the various religious societies of the city. There has been a sound and healthy rivalry among them to provide splendid meeting places for worship for their various congregations. As a result Akron today enjoys superior advantages for the church-goer.

The oldest church organization in Akron today is the First Presbyterian Church. It was organized December 15, 1831, by Rev. B. C. Baldwin and Rev. John Hughes with twenty-six members. They occupied the old brick church on Kent Street for any years, until 1906, when they completed the beautiful modern church building on East Market Street near Buchtel Avenue.

In 1834 the Congregational Church was organized by J. W. Pettit. In 1885 a small frame church was built where the Court House stands now. Rev. James B. Walker was its first permanent pastor. In June, 1843, the society built a large church on the corner of North Main and Federal Streets. During the pastorate of Rev. Carlos Smith, the brick church on South High Street was built. The society has now, in the year 1907, purchased a site on the corner of East Market and Union Streets, and will build a fine church at that point during the next year. Rev. Thomas E. Monroe became pastor of this church April 1, 1873, and continued as its active pastor until 1901. He is now Pastor Emeritus.

In 1830 a Methodist congregation was organized by Rev. John Janes, and meetings were held in the school house at the corner of South Broadway and Buchtel Avenue. In 1836 a church was built at the corner of South Broadway and Church Streets. In 1871 the fine brick church at the corner of
South Broadway and Church Streets was completed. The Sunday-school rooms were planned by Lewis Miller and gave rise to the "Akron Plan" of arranging Sunday-school rooms.

On October 19, 1834, a Baptist congregation was organized in the school house, on the corner of South Broadway and Buchtel Avenue. The moderator of the meeting was Caleb Green. Amasa Clark acted as scribe.

The Universalist was one of the early religious organizations in Akron, and held meetings here as early as 1835. In 1837 Rev. Freeman Loring organized a church, and meetings were held at the corner of Main and State Streets. A church was built on North High Street a few years later. It was built of stone and was one of the finest structures in the State at that time.

In 1836 a parish of the Episcopal Church was organized in Akron by Rev. W. H: Newman of Cuyahoga Falls. In 1844 a church

220 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY

building was built on South High Streets. In 1884 the parish built the fine stone church on East Market and Forge Street.

The Disciples congregation was organized in 1839, although meetings had been held as early as 1830. The society was organized by Elders Bently and Bosworth.

In 1842 the German Evangelical Protestant Congregation was organized. It is the parent of the German Lutheran Church and the German Reformed.

The Grace Reformed society was organized in 1853 by Rev. N. Gher.

The German Lutheran society was formed in August, 1854, by Rev. P. J. Buehl. Its church on the corner of South High and Quarry Streets was erected in 1837.

Trinity Lutheran Church was organized in 1870, and its fine church on Prospect Street was erected in 1872. In October, 1882, the Rev. Excell organized the United Brethren Church on the corner of High and James Streets.

As early as 1835 services of the Roman Catholic Church were held in Akron, various priests coming from neighboring parishes for that purpose. In 1843 a church was built on Green Street. On March 17, 1864, the present stone church on the corner of West Market and Maple Streets was begun. Rev. M. A. Scanlon was pastor of St. Vincent de Paul's Church from June, 1859, to December. 1873. Rev. T. F. Mahar became pastor August 1, 1880, and has continued until the present time. St. Mary's congregation was established in 1887, and a church was erected on South Main Street, opposite McCoy Street. In 1861 St. Bernard's Catholic Church was organized. The first pastor was Rev. Father Loure. In 1866 Rev. John B. Broun took charge of the church, and he has continued as its pastor until the present time. In 1903 a magnificent Church on South Broadway and Center—the finest in the city—was completed.

In 1865 the Akron Hebrew congregation was organized, and services were held in the first story of the Allen's block on South Howard Street. They were afterwards held in the
first story of the Barber Block. In 1885 the congregation purchased the Episcopal church on South High Street and has occupied it since as a temple of worship.

These were the parent congregations of the city. As the city grew rapidly in all directions, and some of the city congregations were located in many cases two or four miles from the city churches, various branches were established.

The following is a complete list of all the city churches, with their respective pastors, and their location, at the present time:

First Baptist, 37 South Broadway; Rev. A. M. Bailey, pastor.

Second Baptist, corner Hill and James; Rev. R. A. Jones, pastor.

Maple St. Baptist, South Maple near Exchange; Rev. J. C. Swan, pastor.

Arlington St. Baptist, South Arlington; Rev. J. M. Huston, pastor.

German Baptist, West Thornton, corner of Haynes.

First Congregational, South High, near Market; Rev. H. S. MacAyeal.

West Congregational, corner West Market and Balch; Rev. P. E. Bauer.

Welsh Congregational, McCoy Street.

First Church of Christ, South High; Rev. George Darsie, pastor.

Broad Street Church, Broad near Market; Rev. I. H. Durfee, pastor.

Third Church of Christ, corner Wabash and Euclid Avenue; Rev. A. F. Stahl.

Fourth Church of Christ, Steiner Avenue; Rev. C. A. MacDonald, pastor.

St. Paul's Church; E. Market corner Forge; Rev. S. North Watson, D. D., rector.

Church of Our Saviour, corner Crosby and Oakdale Avenue; Rev. Geo. P. Atwater, rector.

St. Andrew's Mission, West Tallmadge Avenue, near Cuyahoga.

Calvary Church, corner Bartges and Coburn; Rev. W. L. Naumann, pastor.

Kenmore Church, Kenmore; Rev. E. S. Flora, pastor.

First U. E. Church, corner Wooster Avenue and Locust; Rev. H. W. Epsy.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 223

Akron Hebrew Reformed Congregation, South High near Mill; I. E. Philo, rabbi.

Sons of Peace Congregation, 235 Bowery; E. W. Lutz, rabbi.

Hebrew Congregation meets at 706 Edge-wood Avenue.

Trinity Lutheran, South Prospect near Mill; Rev. E. W. Simon, pastor.

German Lutheran, South High, corner Quarry; Rev. W. H. Lothmann, pastor.

St. John's Lutheran Church, Coburn near Voris; Rev. E. C. Billing, pastor.

St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church, West Thorn; Rev. J. H. Zinn, pastor.

Grant Street Evangelical Lutheran Church, East Thornton near Grant; Rev. J. Franklin Yount, pastor.

Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church, Kent near Market; Rev. G. S. Ohslund, pastor.

First M. E. Church, South Broadway corner Church, Rev. Frank W. Luce, D. D., pastor.

Grace M. E. Church, East Market near Carroll; Rev. A. R. Custer, pastor.

North Hill M. E. Church, North Howard corner Tallmadge Avenue; Rev. J. 0. Davidson, pastor.

Woodland M. E. Church, South Main south of Thornton ; Rev. E. T. Mohn, pastor.

Main Street M. E. Church, Corner Balch and Crosby ; Rev. F. C. Anderson, pastor.

Arlington Street M. E. Church, North Arlington near North; Rev. B. P. White, pastor.

Wooster Avenue M. E. Church, Wooster Avenue corner Raymond ; Rev. B. P. White, pastor.

German M. E. Church, corner Exchange and Pearl; Rev. D. J. Harrer, pastor.

Zion A. M. E. Church, South High, near Cedar; Rev. E. C. West, pastor.

Free Methodist, 1044 Yale; Rev. J. E. Williams, pastor.

Wesleyan Methodist, 729 Princeton ; Rev. I. F. McLeister, pastor.

First Presbyterian, 647 East Market; Rev. H. W. Lowry, pastor.

Central Presbyterian, East State near Main.

First United Presbyterian, services in G. A. R. Hall; Rev. W. A. Chambers.

Grace Reformed, South Broadway near Mill; Rev. Irvin W. Hendricks, pastor.

German Reformed, South Broadway corner Center; Rev. Edward Stuebi, pastor.

Trinity Reformed, South Broadway corner York ; Rev. J. S. Freeman, pastor.

Wooster Avenue Reformed, Wooster Avenue, corner Bell; Rev. E. R. Willard, pastor.

Miller Avenue Reformed, 81 West Miller Avenue; Rev. S. E. Snepp, pastor.

Goss Memorial Reformed Church, Kenmore.

St. Bernard's Church, South Broadway corner Center; Rev. J. B. Broun, pastor.

St. Vincent de Paul's Church, West Market corner Maple; Rev. T. F. Mahar, pastor.

St. Mary's Church, South Main opposite McCoy ; Rev. J. J. Farrell, pastor.

First U. B., East Center near Buchtel Avenue ; Rev. William Clarke, pastor.

Howe Street U. B., Corner Howe and Nathan ; Rev. 0. W. Slusser, pastor.

First Universalist, corner Broadway and Mill ; Rev. E. G. Mason, pastor.

Christian and Missionary Alliance meets 85 West Cedar; Rev. S. M. Gerow.

Seventh Day Adventists meet 57 West South Street.

Latter Day Saints, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ, meets corner Main and Bartges Streets.

Christian Science, Services are held in the Hebrew Temple, High Street.

Spiritualists meet in G. A. R. Hall.
Hungarian Church, South Main extension.
Union Gospel Mission, 51 North Howard; Rev. C. A. McKinney, superintendent.
Gospel Church, East South ; Rev. C. A. McKinney, pastor.
Salvation Army, 54 Main ; Adjutant and Mrs. D. G. Main in charge.
Industrial Home, 33 and 35 Viaduct, store 874 South Main.

CHAPTER XIV

THE PRESS

BY HON. CHARLES R. GRANT AND HARRY S. QUINE.

Since Laurin Dewey set up a hand press in Middlebury in 1825 and began the publication of the Ohio Canal Advocate, it is recorded that Akron and Summit County have had nearly 100 somewhat similar ventures. Mr. Dewey was Summit County's first editor and publisher. The publication of his paper was made possible by the contribution of $204 in amounts varying from $2 to $10 by public spirited citizens of Middlebury. Some of these early newspaper promoters were the following: Erastus Torrey, Henry Chittenden, Charles Sumner, Nathan Gillett, Jr., Rufus Hart, Edward Sumner, Samuel Newton, Chas. W. Brown, Theophilus Potter, Miner Spicer and Paul Williams.

Laurin Dewey was a "practical printer," and came to Middlebury from Ravenna. The building of the canal was being advocated about that time, and Middlebury citizens believed that if built, the future greatness of the place would be assured. And they believed, further, that a newspaper booming the canal might help their hopes along toward realization. Mr. Dewey saw an opportunity, and seized it. Second-hand materials were purchased from the Cleveland Herald, brought to Middlebury in two wagons, and the first issue appeared September 28, 1825, the name having been changed, in the meantime, to the Portage Journal, as the building of the canal was by that time assured. Hiram Bowen, afterwards founder of the Beacon, was associated with Laurin Dewey in the publication of the Portage Journal. The size of the Portage Journal was nineteen by twenty-four inches; the price was two dollars a year. It was independent in politics and opposed Jackson. In 1826 it passed into the hands of McMullen & Mason, then was again transferred to Alvah Hand, who discontinued it in 1829.

The first paper was unsuccessful, financially. This was perhaps unfortunate, as a precedent, for the same might be said of the most of the ninety odd newspaper and magazine publications which have followed, in the years from 1825 to 1907.

Today three daily newspapers—two being entire local products and the third a Cleveland publication, keep Akron and Summit County thoroughly informed. Then there are a number of other newspapers and similar publications, which will be dealt with in their turn. It might be added in passing, however, that Akron's present newspapers are far more successful, from a business view point, than most of their predecessors.

In no department of its industry may the progress of the city be so well followed as in its newspaper history. The printing art has improved and developed amazingly. Lane says, speaking of the Portage Journal, Summit County's first newspaper:

"With this fund, an old style Ramage press and a quantity of second-hand materials were purchased from the Cleveland Herald, the entire outfit being transported overland in a couple of two horse wagons." One team could probably have hauled the entire outfit an ordinary distance. The equipment may have weighed a ton. A new press was brought to Akron in the spring of 1907 for the Akron