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CHAPTER IV.*

WAR HISTORY—THE REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE—SECOND WAR WITH ENGLAND—THE MEXICAN
WAR—THE GREAT REBELLION—SUMMIT COUNTY TROOPS—SOLDIERS'

MONUMENTS—AID SOCIETIES, ETC., ETC.

" War must be

While men are what they are ; while they have

Bad passions to be rous'd up."—Bailey.

OVER one hundred years ago, George III and his arrogant cabinet assumed to themselves the right to tax their American colonies at will, and without representation in the home Government. This led to what is known in American history as the Revolutionary war," a long and sanguinary struggle, which resulted in the colonies throwing off forever the galling yoke of the haughty Briton, and of achieving their liberty and independence. Liberty and Independence ! Often as the wheels of time roll on the anniversary of American Independence. so often does the patriotic zeal of the sons of liberty blaze out from one end of the Union to the other; in commemoration of those brave. war-worn veterans

“—who fell

In Trenton's morning tight,

Who crossed the freezing Delaware.

That cold December night:

When, as the columns onward marched

With firm, unbroken ranks,

The blood-marked footprints thick were left

Upon the wintry banks."

and the thousands and thousands of others who fought and bled for the liberty we, their descendants. enjoy today. When the war was over, and our independence acknowledged by the mother country, our patriot soldiery were paid off in valueless paper or in Western lands. The bankrupt Government had no other means of rewarding her faithful soldiers, and large tracts of land in the then Northwestern Territory (Ohio Territory) were set apart as a remuneration for the long service of her patriotic soldiers. This brought many of these old Revolutionary heroes to the Ohio Territory. How many came to what is now Summit County we are unable to say, but as settlements were made here in less than a score of years after the close of the Revolution. it is more than probable that

* Contributed by W H Perrina

number of them were among the early settlers of Summit County. We have, however, an account of but four : Simeon Prior, who settled in Northampton Township in June, 1802, was a native of Massachusetts, and served in the Revolutionary war, in the old " Bay State Line." He died in 1837, at the age of eighty-four years, and lies buried in Northampton Cemetery. Nathaniel W. Bettis also served in the Revolution. He was one of the early settlers in the western part of Tallmadge Township, and when he died was buried with the honors of war, and the solemn rites of Freemasonry. Another of these veterans was Isaac Seward, the grandfather of Col. Seward, of Akron. And still another, David Galpin, who is buried in Akron Rural Cemetery. William Neal, Capt. John Wright, David Preston and Conrad Boosinger were likewise Revolutionary soldiers, and among the early settlers of Tallmadge Township. But it is not intended to go into a history of the Revolutionary war. It is merely mentioned by way of introduction to other wars in which the county bore an active part.

In our second war with Great Britain, or the war of 1812, although Summit County had not yet been organized, the territory of which it is now composed contained a number of inhabitants. Being near the seat of war, most of the ablebodied male citizens participated in the struggle at some time during the period of its continuation. The opening scenes of this unpleasantness," were characterized by defeat, disaster and disgrace, but toward the close of the struggle, a series of brilliant achievements made amends for these misfortunes. Says a chronicle of the time : " Croghan's gallant defense of Fort Stephenson.; Perry's victory on Lake Erie ; the total defeat, by Harrison, of the allied British and savages, under Proctor and Tecumseh, on the Thames ; and the great closing triumph of Jackson, at New Orleans, reflected the most brilliant luster on the American arms. In every

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vicissitude of this contest, the conduct of Ohio was eminently patriotic and honorable. When the necessities of the National Government compelled Congress to resort to a direct tax. Ohio, for successive years. cheerfully assumed and promptly paid her quota out of her State Treasury. Her sons volunteered with alacrity their services in the field ; and no troops more patiently endured hardship or pertormed better service. Hardly a battle was fought in the Northwest in which some of these brave citizen soldiers did not seal their devotion to their country with their blood... And what is true. and to the honor of the State at large. is equally true of the soldiers from this particular section.

As a matter of some interest to our modern soldiers. we give the following, abstract from the Quartermaster's Department during the war of 1812 : Rations : One and a quarter pounds of beef. three-quarters of a pound of pork. thirteen ounces of bread or flour. one gill of whisky. At the rate of two quarts of salt. four quarts of vinegar. four pounds of soap. and one and three-quarter pounds of candles to every 100 rations. And from the Paymaster's Department : Colonel. $75 per month. five rations and $12 for forage ; Major. S50 per month and three rations ; Captain. $40 per month and three rations : First Lieutenant. $30 and two rations: Second Lieutenant. $20 and two rations ; Ensign. S20 and two rations ; Sergeant Major, $9: Quartermaster's Sergeant S9 ; other Sergeants. 88 ; Corporals. $7 ; Musicians. $6. and Privates. $6 per month.

It has been a matter of much difficulty to learn the particulars of this war, so far as the few settlers of this section participated in it. Most of these old veterans have met and conquered the last enemy—death. A very few of them are known to be now living. Nor could the names of all who went from what is now Summit County be obtained, but it is believed that most of the able bodied men of requisite age took part in this war. Among those who served from this county, we have the names of the following : Col, Riall McArthur. Joseph D. Baird. John Hall. Timothy Holcomb (a Lieutenant). Alexander Hall, James Baird. Lee More, Nathaniel De Haven, Martin Willis, Hiram King (an Ensign), Lusk (a Captain), William Prior, Timothy Sherwood, William Wright, Joseph Foster, Henry Wood. George Showandy, Timothy Clark, John Ellsworth, McCook. Buck, Alfred Parker, Benjamin Stark. John Dillamater, Andrews May, Israel Lacy and Jacob Harter. A few years ago. when these old veterans were pensioned by the Government, there were then thirty-three living in the county, but. with perhaps two or three exceptions, they are now all gone.

"Soldiers. rest. thy warfare o'er.

Sleep the sleep that knows no waking."

After the close of the war of 1812. our peace was no more disturbed. except by an occasional Indian skirmish, until the war with Mexico. It' war with blood-red tresses deepening in the sun." and " death-shot glowing in his fiery hands." raged in countries of the old world, his thunder came to us but as the mutterings of a distant cloud, whose lightnings could harm us not."

The Mexican war grew out of the admission of Texas. as a State. into the Federal Union. The circumstances were briefly these: Texas had been a province of Mexico. but had seceded (as she tried to do from Uncle Sam iii after years. but with less success), and for years its citizens had been carrying on a kind of guerrilla warfare with the mother country. This warfare had been attended with varying results, sometimes the one party. and sometimes the other, being successful. But in 1836. the famous battle of San Jacinto was fought. in which the Texans were victorious, and captured Santa Anna, then Dictator of Mexico, while his whole army was either killed or made prisoners. Santa Anna was held in strict confinement, and finally induced to sign a treaty acknowledging the independence of Texas. But the Republic of Mexico, in violation of every principle of honor, refused to recognize this treaty, and continued to treat Texas and the Texans just as she had previously done. From this time on, petitions were frequently presented by the Texans to the United States Government, praying admission into the Union. But Mexico, through sheer spite, endeavored to prevent this step, constantly declaring that the admission of Texas would be regarded as a sufficient cause for a declaration of war, of the opinion, doubtless, that this would serve to intimidate the United States.

In the Presidential contest of 1844, between Henry Clay, of Kentucky, and James K. Polk,

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of Tennessee, the annexation of Texas was one of the leading questions before the people, and Mr. Polk, whose party (the Democrats) favored the admission of Texas, being elected, this was taken as a public declaration on the subject. After this, Congress had no hesitancy in granting the petition of Texas, and, on the 1st of March, 1845, formally received the " Lone Star " into the sisterhood of States. In her indignation, Mexico at once broke off all diplomatic relations with the United States, calling home her Minister immediately. This, of itself, was a declaration of war, and war soon followed. Congress passed an act authorizing the President to accept the services of 50,000 volunteers (which were to be raised at once), and appropriating $10,000,000 for the prosecution of the war. In this call for 50,000 troops, Ohio was required to furnish three regiments. With her characteristic patriotism, she filled her quota in a few weeks. Upon the organization of these regiments at Cincinnati, the place of rendezvous, there were almost men enough left to form another regiment. These were furnished transportation to their homes at the expense of the Government. The regiments. as organized, were officered as follows : First Regiment, A. M. Mitchell. of Cincinnati, Colonel ; John B. Weller, of Butler County. Lieutenant Colonel ; T. L. Hamer, of Brown County, Major. Second Regiment, G. W. Morgan, of Knox County, Colonel ; William Irvin, of Fairfield, Lieutenant Colonel ; William Hall. of Athens, Major. Third Regiment. S. R. Curtis, of Wayne County, Colonel ; G. W. McCook, of Jefferson, Lieutenant Colonel, and J. S. Love, of Morgan, Major. Under a second call for men, which was known as the " Ten Regiments Bill," Ohio filled up her quota without delay. Upon this second call, made just after the fall of Monterey. and in opposition to the war generally, Hon. Thomas Corwin in the United States Senate made one of the ablest speeches of his life. In this speech it was that he used the memorable language, since grown almost into a proverb : If I were a Mexican I would tell you. `Have you not room in your own country to bury your dead men? If you come into mine, we will greet you with bloody hands, and welcome you to hospitable graves."'

The majority of the Whig party, as we have said, opposed the annexation of Texas upon the grounds that it would cause a war between the United States and Mexico, a war that, they held, would be unjust and uncalled for. As Summit County at that time was largely Whig in its political sentiments, like a great majority of that party it opposed the war, and declined taking any active part in it. Hence, the number of men furnished by the county in the different calls for troops was exceedingly small. We have been enabled to learn the names of only the following : George, Otis and Eliphaz Capron, Oliver P. Barney, Joseph Gouder, Zettle, William H. and Ezra Tryon and Adam Hart. There were, perhaps others, but diligent inquiries have failed to materialize " any of them. Of those mentioned, Hart enlisted at Pittsburgh. Penn., and Gouder, in Tennessee. Two of the Caprons and O. P. Barney are dead ; Eliphaz Capron lives at Ellis' Corners ; Zettle and Gouder live in Akron, and Hart lives in Middlebury. Barney was a Sergeant in the Mexican war, and the following incident is still remembered by many, as having been told by himself: When Gen. Taylor's little army was encamped at Matamoras, Barney was on picket duty, and was lassoed by the Mexicans and pretty roughly handled. The following paragraph in regard to it, is from an old file of the Akron Democrat : " We are sorry to observe that Sergt. O. P. Barney of' this place has had both his feet frozen during the late cold weather. The gallant Sergeant has seen service on the line between Matamoras and Buena Vista, but he has found a more formidable antagonist in Jack 'Frost, than in the Mexican troopers and their lassoes." Mr. Barney entered the late war, and some years ago. died at the Soldiers' Home at Dayton.

The great rebellion burst upon the country in the spring of 1861, threatening to sweep everything before it to destruction. Hitherto, we had been called to measure arms with foreign foes, or with the howling savages, but now a war among ourselves was inaugurated—a civil war without parallel in the annals of history :

" O war ! begot in pride and luxury,

The child of malice and revengeful hate

: Thou impious good. and good revengeful !

Thou art the foul refiner of a State,

Unjust scourge of men's iniquity,

Sharp easer of corruptions desperate !"

Of all the wars that have ever scourged God^'s

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earth, a civil war, wherein " the brother betrays the brother to death, and the father the son, and children rise up against their parents, and cause them to he put to death," is the most dreadful. The rival houses of York and Lancaster. with their emblems of " White " and " Red," shook old England to her center, filling her houses with mourning, her fields with carnage, and wasting the blood of her bravest and best ; but compared to our " war between the States," it is dwarfed into insignificance. A perfect history of our great civil war has never been written ; it never can be written. Though the " pen of inspiration were dipped in the gloom of earthquake and eclipse," it could not write a true history of those four long dreary years as they were. All the evils of war, and all the horrors of civil war were crowded into them, and the refined cruelties known to the civilization of the enlightened age in which we live. were practiced by the opposing parties. Starvation, the prison-pen, and the tortures incident to the times. were the common doom of the unfortunate who fell into enemy's hands. But after four terrible years of strife, the Goddess of Peace once more waved the olive branch over the land. and the unnatural war was brought to a close. That which had so long been deemed a curse to the country. was developed into a blessing, and it is safe to predict that the same cause will never originate another war on American soil. Now that the trouble is over, and peace and prosperity smile upon the land from one end of the nation to the other. it is a source of congratulation that the cause for strife between the sections is forever removed. In the union of " the Roses" was found the germ of England's future greatness and resplendent glory, and in the harmonious blending of " the Blue " and " the Gray." who shall limit the greatness and the glory of America ?

It is highly creditable to Summit County that she was represented in some of the first regiments organized in the spring of 1861. When the news was sent flying over the country that the flag had been insulted, the people were aroused to instant action. Who does not remember the blaze of excitement which followed the bombardment of Sumter, when martial music was heard in every town and hamlet, and tender women, no less than brave men, were wild with enthusiasm ? Wives encouraged their husbands to enlist ; mothers urged their sons topatriotic devotion. and sisters tenderly gave their brothers to the cause of their country. But no reminders are necessary to revive a recollection of those stirring scenes, nor to recall the names of the patriots who participated in the struggle ; who " fought the good fight unto the end." or, from the prison, the hospital and the battlefield, crossed over to mingle with the grand army beyond the river. Some of them sleep in unknown graves, " in the land of cotton and cane," where the palm-trees wave over their tombs ; where the birds carol their matins above them, and where the flowers sweeten the air around them with their fragrance ; and it is no reproach to their valor that they fell before foes as brave as themselves. They are held memoria in ceterna, and their patriotism is recorded in the nation's history. Those who survived and returned in safety to home and friends, have their reward in the knowledge that the old flag still floats over all the States.

A brief sketch of the regiment. containing organized bodies of men from this county, will now be given. together with all the local facts to be obtained, of the companies recruited here and mustered into the United States service. Every exertion has been made to get the list of county organizations complete. Newspaper files have been examined. exofficers and soldiers consulted, and all publications on the subject perused with care. And while there may be slight errors and omissions in some cases, we believe, however, that in the main the record will be found substantially correct.

The first regiment in which Summit County was represented was the Nineteenth Infantry. This regiment was originally organized for three months, and drew two companies from this county, viz., G and K. Company G. was recruited as " Company A, Akron Light Infantry," but, in organizing the regiment, was changed to G. The original officers were Lewis P. Buckley, Captain ; A. J. Fulkerson. First Lieutenant, and G. S. Carpenter. Second Lieutenant. Capt. Buckley was promoted to Major, and, at the expiration of the term of service of the regiment, was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-ninth Infantry. Company K was recruited as " Company B, Akron Union Light Infantry," and, upon organization, became Company K, with the following officers : Andrew J. Konkle, Captain ; Paul T. Kirby, First Lieutenant, and James Nelson, Second Lieutenant.

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The regiment was filled up by the 15th of May, and on the 27th it left Camp Taylor—the place of rendezvous—for Columbus, and occupied Camp Jackson. Here it elected regimental officers. Companies A and B were armed and equipped and sent to Bellaire, where they were employed guarding the ferry until June 3, while the other eight companies were sent to Camp Goddard. at Zanesville, to perfect themselves in the drill. On the 20th of June, Companies A and B joined the regiment. and, with the Seventeenth and Twentieth, were sent to Parkersburg. At Parkersburg the Nineteenth, Eighth and Tenth Ohio, and Thirteenth Indiana were organized into a brigade, under Brigadier-General W. S. Rosecrans. The regiment, with its brigade, went to Clarksburg on the 25th. and to Buckhannon on the 29th, where it arrived on July 2. It participated in the battle of Rich Mountain on the 7th. The behavior of the Nineteenth in this engagement, won from Gen. Rosecrans the following : " The Nineteenth distinguished itself for the cool and handsome manner in which it held its post against a flank attack, and for the manner in which it came into line and delivered its fire near the close of the action." The term of service expired on the 23d. and it returned to Columbus, Ohio, and was mustered out of the service. Many of the officers busied themselves in recruiting for the three years' service, and with such marked success that by the 26th of September. nine full companies had reported and were mustered in.

In the reorganization of the regiment for three years, Company K was made up of Summit County men. and went into the service with the following officers : Paul T. Kirby, Captain ; G. R. Lentz, First Lieutenant, and J. J. Agard, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Kirby resigned December 2. 1862. Lieutenant Lentz resigned August 1, 1862. Lieut. Agard was promoted to First Lieutenant February 9, 1862, to Captain June 19, 1863, and honorably discharged January 27, 1865. Albert Upson was promoted from First Sergeant to Second Lieutenant February 9, 1862, to First Lieutenant January 2, 1863, and to Captain July 25, 1864, and, as such, mustered out with the regiment. Wesley Upson was promoted from Third Sergeant to Second Lieutenant January 2, 1863, and to First Lieutenant July 2, 1864. J. S. Cochran was promoted from Second Sergeant to Second Lieutenant July 2, 1864. Of other promotions we could obtain no information.

The reorganization of the Nineteenth took place at Camp Dennison, and, by the 7th of November, 1861, it was fully armed and equipped and ready for the field. It left camp on the 16th and proceeded to Louisville, Ky., by way of Cincinnati, and was the first regiment to go into Camp Jenkins, five miles from Louisville. It remained here, in command of Gen. O. M. Mitchell, until the 6th of December, when it moved to Lebanon, Ky., and thence to Columbia, where it arrived on the 10th, and was brigaded with the Fifty-ninth Ohio, Second and Ninth Kentucky Infantry and Haggard's Regiment of Cavalry, Gen J. T. Boyle commanding.

The following pleasant episode occurred while stationed at Columbia : A beautiful silk flag was received as a present from the ladies of Canton to the Nineteenth. It was presented to the regiment in a neat little speech by Mr. A. Kitt. Capt. Manderson received it, and, in behalf of the Nineteenth, made appropriate acknowledgment.

The Nineteenth, together with the Third Kentucky Infantry, was ordered to the mouth of Renick's Creek, near Burksville, on the Cumberland River, on the 17th of January, 1862, and soon after moved to Jamestown, where they were joined by the Sixth Ohio Battery of Artillery. The battle of Mill Springs took place soon after, resulting in the defeat of the rebels under Gen. Zollicoffer, when the troops returned to Columbia. While lying at Columbia, the men suffered severely from sickness, and a number of the Nineteenth died, among them Lieut. S. Lentz, of Company E. The regiment was finally ordered to Nashville, where it arrived on the 10th of March, and went into camp five miles out on the Murfreesboro Pike. On the 18th of March it left Nashville, with its brigade, for Savannah, on the Tennessee River, and on the 6th of April, when within fourteen miles of that place, the heavy booming of cannon was heard in the direction of Pittsburg Landing, and the troops started on the double-quick, hoping to get there in time to participate in the battle. But owing to a lack of transportation, it was dark before they arrived, and the dreary, rainy night was spent in line on the battlefield. In the second day's

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fight, the Nineteenth took an active part. Gen. Boyle, who commanded the brigade, said of the Nineteenth : "The Colonel and Capt. Manderson (acting Major) held their men steady, and deported themselves, as did their officers and men, with coolness and courage, until the Colonel ordered them back to a position from under the fire of the enemy's battery. This position was held until the guns of the enemy were silenced by the well-directed fire of Capt. Bartlett's battery. Maj. Edwards, acting Lieutenant Colonel, was shot dead from his horse, and a number of privates were killed and wounded." Among the killed and wounded of the gallant Nineteenth. were Privates O. T. Powell and Horace H. Bailey, of Company C. and Corporal W. E. Gibson, of Company H. killed ; Lieut. William A. Sutherland, of Company H, severely wounded.

The next active duty of the regiment was at the siege of Corinth. It entered that place on the 29th of May, with the army, and on the 3d of June marched in pursuit of the enemy, proceeding as far as Brownsboro, when it returned to Iuka and joined Gen. Buell's forces. It marched with his column to Florence, Ala., and to Battle Creek, where it arrived on the 14th of July. On the 21st of August, it moved to Nashville with Gen. McCook's division, where it became a portion of Gen. Buell's army, and with it made that famous march to Louisville, Ky. The Nineteenth marched out of Louisville on the 1st of October, with Gen. Crittenden's division, and reached Perryville on the 8th, in time to witness a portion of that battle, but not to participate. Upon the retreat of the rebel army from Kentucky, the Nineteenth marched through Somerset and Glasgow, to Gallatin, Tenn., where it remained two weeks on provost duty, then joined its division at the " Hermitage," and, passing through Nashville, went into camp near its old quarters on the Murfreesboro turnpike. It moved with the army on the 26th of December, in the advance on Murfreesboro. In command of Maj. Charles F. Manderson, it was thrown across Stone River on the 31st, with a view of swinging around into 'Murfreesboro, but the disaster of McCook's right wing compelled its withdrawal, and, recrossing the river, it passed to the right, and by a determined resistance, aided to check the edvance of the rebels. Under the personal lead of Gen. Rosecrans, Beatty 's brigadecharged the enemy, drove him about three-fourths of a mile, and held the position until relieved by Col. M. B. Walker's brigade. On the 2d of January, 1863, the Nineteenth, with its division, crossed Stone River, and received the charge of the rebel column under Gen. Breckenridge. They were forced to retreat, but the pursuing rebels coming under the range of the masked artillery, were driven back over the river and beyond it with great slaughter. The Nineteenth Ohio and the . Ninth Kentucky were the first to cross Stone River, and with the assistance of men of other regiments, captured four pieces of artillery from the famous Washington (La.) battery. The regiment suffered severely in this battle. It entered it with 449 men, rank and file, and lost in killed, wounded and missing, 213. nearly one-half. Upon the fall of Murfreesboro, the regiment went into camp on the Liberty turnpike. The whole army remained at Murfreesboro until the 29th of June. during which time the Nineteenth guarded an ammunition train to Manchester, and thence proceeded to McMinnville. where it remained until the 16th of August. It then crossed the Cumberland Mountains to Pikeville. and with the division passed over Lookout Mountain to Lee & Gordon's Mills. arriving on the 13th of September. At Crawfish Springs, the regiment had a brisk skirmish with the rebels, in which several men were killed and wounded.

In the battle of' Chickamauga. the Nineteenth did its part of the hard fighting. On the 18th of September, it was, together with the Seventy-ninth Indiana, supported by the Ninth and Seventeenth Kentucky, ordered to advance upon the enemy. With a cheer they advanced, drove the enemy and captured a rebel battery, with some prisoners. In the second day's battle, the Nineteenth held an important position, and performed its full share of hard fighting. As a proof of the gallantry of the regiment, a private of Company G received severe wounds during the first day's battle. Capt. Irwin received a wound from which he afterward died , Lieut. McHenry was also severely wounded. The aggregate loss was 100 men killed, wounded and missing. At Orchard Knob, on the 23c1 of November, the Nineteenth lost twenty men killed and wounded. On the 25th, it took part in the charge of the rebel works at the foot of Mission Ridge, where it

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lost one man killed and thirteen wounded. It was next sent with Sherman toward Knoxville. This march was one of unexampled severity. The men were ragged and shoeless, and their footprints were marked with blood on the snowy ground. Finding that Gen. Longstreet had raised the siege of Nashville, the army moved to Strawberry Plains and Flat Creek. Here, on the 1st of January, 1864, 400 of the Nineteenth re-enlisted as veteran volunteers, and, upon reaching Chattanooga on the 4th of January. the three years' regiment was mustered out, and the veterans mustered into service for another three years. It then returned home on furlough, reaching Cleveland on the 16th of February. Upon the expiration of their furlough, they returned immediately to the front. arriving at Knoxville on the 24th of March. The first active duty of the Nineteenth was in the Atlanta campaign. which opened on the 6th of May, and the regiment was sent to Parker's Gap. to hold that pass. On the 20th. it rejoined its brigade. and. moving with the column, it participated in the fight at New Hope Church. in which it lost forty-four killed and wounded. Capt. Brewer. of Company E. was killed : Maj. Nash lost his left hand. and Capt. Smith. of Company G. was severely wounded. It was engaged at Kenesaw. at Peach Tree Creek. and at the crossing of the Chattahoochie River. and was under fire daily up to the evacuation of Atlanta. The regiment participated in the action of Lovejoy Station and lost seventy men killed and wounded. Capt. Miller. of Company I. was killed ; Col. Manderson was severely wounded, also Capt. Agard, of Company K. The entire loss of the Nineteenth in the Atlanta campaign was, killed, two commissioned officers and twenty-eight men ; wounded, six commissioned officers and ninety-six men ; missing. thirteen men ; total, 145. Lieut. McHenry. of Company I, was killed in front of Atlanta on the 24th of August, and Capt. Fix, of Company B, wounded on the same day.

When Sherman started on his famous march to the sea, the Nineteenth, forming a part of Gen. ' Thomas' command, left Atlanta and marched toward Nashville to aid in opposing Hood. At the battle of Franklin, on the 29th of October, it was held in reserve. It participated in the battle of Nashville. with slight loss, and then followed in pursuit of the demoralized army of Gen. Hood to the Tennessee River. On the 5th of January, 1865, the regiment was at Huntsville, Ala., where comfortable quarters were erected. Col. Manderson resigned March 17, from physical disability, and Col. Stratton having resigned some months earlier, Maj. Nash was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and remained in command of the regiment until mustered out. From Huntsville, it moved into East Tennessee. marching as far as the Virginia line, and then returned to Nashville. It formed a part of that body of troops sent to Texas, and arrived at Green Lake July 14, 1865, and at San Antonio on the 23d of September. On the 21st of October, it was mustered out of service at San Antonio, and reached Columbus, Ohio, on the 22d of November, where it was paid off and discharged.

The Twenty-ninth Infantry contained a large number of men from this county, some of whom served in the old Nineteenth under its three months' organization. Of the Twenty-ninth. Companies D, G and H may be termed Summit County companies (as we learn from Capt. Nash), and were recruited almost wholly in the county. Company D was organized with the following commissioned officers : P. C. Hard. Captain ; B. F. Perry, First Lieutenant, and J. H. Grinnell, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Hard did not leave camp with the regiment, but resigned early. Lieut. Perry resigned, June 20, 1862. Lieut. Grinnell was promoted to First Lieutenant May 25. 1864, and honorably discharged June 14, 1864. George W. Dice was made First Lieutenant April 13, 1862, promoted to Captain May 25, 1864, and killed June 16, 1864. Company G was organized with John S. Clemmer, Captain ; James Treen, First Lieutenant, and J. J. Wright, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Clemmer was promoted to Major December 31, 1861, and resigned December 12, 1862. Lieut. Treen was promoted to Captain October 1. 1862. but, owing to age, was unable to withstand the fatigue incident to soldiering, and resigned May 22, 1863, but left two stalwart sons in the service to represent him. Second Lieut. J. J. Wright was promoted to Captain December 21, 1861, and honorably discharged October 1, 1862. C. H. Russell was promoted to Second Lieutenant April 13, 1862, to First Lieutenant January 24, 1863, and honorably discharged November 30, 1864. W. F. Chamberlain was promoted to Second

256 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.

Lieutenant January 24, 1862, to First Lieutenant May 25, 1864, to Captain October 12, 1864, and mustered out with the regiment. Company H was organized with Jonas Schoonover, Captain ; A. J. Fulkerson, First Lieutenant, and Henry Mack, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Schoonover was at one time transferred to Company E, Seventh Infantry, but afterward back to his own regiment, and was regularly promoted until he became its Colonel, and as such was mustered out with it. Lieut. Fulkerson was discharged August 15, 1864. Second Lieut. Mack, owing to ill health, resigned early, and Thomas F. Nash. became Second Lieutenant October 27. 1862. Lieut. Nash was promoted to First Lieutenant May 1864, to Captain October 12, 1864. and transferred to Company E. and was mustered out with the regiment. D. W. Thomas was promoted to First Lieutenant January 6, 1865, to Captain April 10, 1865, and mustered out with regiment. Thomas Folger was promoted to First Lieutenant January 6, 1865, was made adjutant of regiment, and, July 12, 1865, promoted to Captain, but as such was not mustered. James B. Storer, present Postmaster of Akron, was promoted to Second Lieutenant April 13, 1862, to First Lieutenant January 1863, and became Adjutant of the regiment. From wounds received, disabling him for life, Lieut. Storer was honorably discharged November 30, 1864. Jacob Buck was promoted to First Lieutenant July 12, 1865, and as such mustered out.

Lewis P. Buckley, a resident of Akron, and late Major of the Nineteenth Infantry (three months' service) was appointed the first Colonel of the Twenty-ninth. The following sketch of the life of Colonel Buckley is published in a pamphlet descriptive of the Soldiers' Memorial Chapel in the Akron Rural Cemetery, and is given in this connection, as a tribute to a worthy soldier :

Lewis P. Buckley was born at Cayuga Lake, in the State of New York, and became a resident of Akron, Ohio, about the year 1834. Though—having in early life received a military education at West Point—he took considerable interest in the military affairs of Akron and vicinity, at one time holding a commission in one of the independent companies of the village, his entire life, after coming to Akron, was =devoted to civil pursuits, until the breaking-out of the rebellion, about two years of the intervening time (from 1849 to 1851) being spent upon the Pacific coast at Sacramento City. On the call of President Lincoln, in April. 1861, for three months' troops. Mr. Buckley, though the disease which finally terminated his life was even then beginning to develop itself, promptly responded to the call, and raised a company in Akron, with which he reported to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, about the middle of May. With nine other companies, raised in Northeastern Ohio, one of which was also from Akron, on the 27th of May they proceeded. by rail to Camp Jackson, near Columbus, where they were organized into the Nineteenth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Capt. Buckley being elected Major of the regiment. Securing their arms, the regiment proceeded to Camp Goddard, near Zanesville, to perfect themselves in drill. Remaining there until the 20th of June, the Nineteenth proceeded to West Virginia, where it became incorporated in Gen. Rosecrans' Brigade, and a part of Gen. McClellan's "Provisional Army of West Virginia." In his report of the battle of Rich Mountain. Gen. Rosecrans, in one portion. says : "The Nineteenth deployed into line and delivered two splendid volleys, when the enemy broke:" and, in another portion: “The Nineteenth distinguished itself for the cool and handsome manner in which it held its post against a flank attack. and for the manner in which it came into line and delivered its fire, near the close of the action."

On the mustering-out of the three months' men. about the 1st of August, 1861. Maj. Buckley immediately set himself to work, under the auspices of Hon. Joshua R. Giddings, to raise a regiment for the three years' service. So promptly was this done, that the Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Giddings. near Jefferson. Ashtabula County, August 26. 1861. with Maj. Buckley as its Colonel. This regiment, as a part of the Army of the Potomac. participated in the battles of Winchester. March 23. 1862: Port Republic, June 9-12, 1862, and Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. the gallantry of its Colonel being conspicuous throughout. Following, with his regiment, the varied fortunes of the Army of the Potomac. during the balance of the year 1862, the rapidly declining health of Col. Buckley compelled him to reluctantly resign his command and return home. his resignation taking effect January 26, 1863. * * * On returning to Akron, though a constant sufferer from the disease that was preying upon him, he rendered valuable aid (luring the remainder of the war, at the close of which, on the recommendation of Hon. R. P. Spalding, Col. Buckley received the appointment of Assistant Doorkeeper of the House of Representatives at Washington. He served faithfully in that capacity through the Thirty-ninth Congress, and again entered upon his duties at the beginning of the Fortieth Congress, but soon became so feeble that he was compelled to accept the leave of absence tendered him, and return home to die, struggling bravely and hopefully to the last, his death, from consumption, occurringThursday, June 25, 1868, at the age of sixty-four years. the funeral of Col. Buckley was the largest and most imposing ever held in Akron. It was attended by the entire Masonic fraternity of Summit and adjoining counties; by the surviving members

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of the Nineteenth and Twenty-ninth regiments, and by the representatives of a large number of other regiments, both of infantry, cavalry and artillery, and by almost the entire population of the city and surrounding towns, the immense procession being commanded by Lieut. Col. Edward Hayes, of Warren, one of the original officers of the Twenty-ninth regiment.

Lewis P. Buckley was a faithful friend, a true patriot, a brave soldier. Let us cherish his virtues, y naming after him the Post of which we, as soldiers. are members, and by erecting in his honor, properly inscribed and adorned, a beautiful window in the magnificent memorial chapel which we, as soldiers and citizens, this day dedicate.

The Twenty-ninth* was organized at Camp Giddings. near Jefferson, Ashtabula County, August 26, 1861, and was among the first to answer the President's call for three years' service. Owing to the many difficulties by which it was surrounded, it was the 25th of December before it was ready for the field. It then proceeded to Camp Chase, where it remained until the 17th of January, 1862, when it was ordered to Cumberland, Md. While at Cumberland, it was brigaded with the Fifth, Seventh and Sixty-sixth Ohio, and the One Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Regiments. commanded by Col. E. B. Tyler, of the Seventh Ohio. The division to which the brigade belonged was commanded by Gen. Lander until his decease, about the 1st of March, 1862. when the command passed to Gen. Shields. The troops, including the Twenty-ninth. remained but a few weeks at Cumberland, when it joined the Army of the Potomac. and with it participated in the battle of Winchester on the 23d of March. in which the rebels, under " Stonewall" Jackson. were defeated. The brigade to which the Twenty-ninth belonged pursued the enemy all the next day, halting near Cedar Creek, and again on the next day (the 25th) beyond Strasburg some two miles (Dash's notes), when the pursuit was abandoned and the troops returned. On the 9th of June, the regiment participated in the battle of Port Republic, in which a number of prisoners were taken, including Capt. Nash (then Lieutenant in Company H). and taken to Salisbury. North Carolina. Capt. Nash remained a prisoner of war nearly two months, and was then released. He proceeded to Wash

* We are indebted to Capt. Thomas W. Nash and J. G. Caskey, Esq., members of this gallant old regiment, for the principal facts from whicb this sketch is compiled. They have both preserved notes and memoranda of the regiment's movements and operations, which they kindly placed at our disposal, and for which they have our thanks.

ington, where he arrived August 20, and, after a short visit home, returned to his regiment. In the battles of Cedar Mountain and the Second Bull Run the Twenty-ninth took part, and acquitted itself with honor. From the latter battle until that of Chancellorsville, the regiment was inactive, except camp routine and an occasional scout or foraging expedition. In May, 1863, occurred the battle of Chancellorsville. The following extracts are from Mr. Caskey's notes :

At this moment the battle of Chancellorsville opened in our front in dead earnest. * * * * * The battle lasted four days—1st, 2d, 3d and 4th days of May. On the 2d, both armies seemed to be planning the best mode of attack and defense. A spy gave reliable information concerning the rebels and their plan of attack. Our artillery opened fire in the direction indicated by the spy, and made openings in the woods at every discharge. Limbs and small trees were falling; sharpshooters who had climbed into the trees were seen tumbling to the ground. The "rebel yell " and the shrieks of the wounded were mingled together. About sunset, Lee came up on our center three lines deep, but was repulsed with heavy loss. * * * * * * * On the 3d, Lee massed on our right center, in front of the Eleventh Corps, took it by surprise, when it broke and fell back on ours (the Twelfth), and, under a crossfire from the rebels we suffered severely. But the reserves were brought up and the enemy were checked. * * * * * That night at dark we were in close action. It was very pretty, but rather dangerous tireworks. On Monday night our army commenced to retreat, and fell back to our old camp.

An incident, partaking somewhat of the humorous, is thus related by Mr. Caskey in his reminiscences " of the Twenty-ninth :

About the last of May we had a grand review of the Potomac Army. Gen. Green was reviewing-officer, and we were marched four miles from camp in the sand on the banks of the Potomac. The weather was hot and dry and the roads dusty. Gen. Green had brought his wife and daughters down from Washington to see us. They were nicely ensconced in their carriage, and we were " hoofing ' it back and forth through the sand, almost choked for water—for it was a part of the redtape of the occasion that we were not allowed to leave rank to get water or fill our canteens. Finally, we were ready to pass the reviewing-officer, the line was nearly by, when one of the General's daughters called to him, saying: "Trot 'em round again, papa; I like to see them." I don't know whether it was wicked to swear about that time or not. If it was, the boys were very wicked. We didn't trot round again, all the same.

The Twenty-ninth participated in the battle of Gettysburg, where it did its full duty. This

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was one of the severest battles of the entire war. The cannonading commenced early on the morning of July 2, 1863, and for two whole days the fighting continued almost constantly, when, on the morning of the 4th, it was ascertained that the rebels had retreated. This was the last service of the Twenty-ninth in the Army of the Potomac. On the 25th of September, it proceeded via Washington, Columbus, Indianapolis and Louisville, to Chattanooga, Tenn. Its first service in this department was with the army of Gen. Hooker, and on the 24th of November it participated in the battle of Lookout Mountain, the famous " fight above the clouds." where. in the language of Prentice,

"*        *          *          *          *          they burst

Like spirits of destruction through the clouds,

And mid a thousand hurtling missiles swept

Their foes before them as the whirlwind sweeps

The strong oaks of the forest."

The regiment re-enlisted the latter part of December. 1863. and came home on a furlough of thirty days. At the expiration of that time. it returned to the front. and on the 4th of May. 1864. it joined the Atlanta campaign, and during those days of arduous service, it bore its part with its accustomed bravery. During the entire campaign. until the fall of Atlanta. the regiment was almost constantly under arms. and engaged much of the time in fighting and skirmishing. On the 15th of November. the Twenty-ninth left Atlanta with Sherman on his march to the sea, and bearing its part in all the marches and skirmishes. It remained in North and South Carolina until the close of the war. when, on the 29th of April, 1865, it proceeded to Washington City, via Richmond. In Washington it took part in the grand review. and on the 10th of June started for Louisville, Ky.. where it remained in camp until the 13th of July ; then went to Cleveland, Ohio, and, on its arrival at Camp Taylor, was paid off and discharged, on the 22d and 23d of July, from the United States service.

The Sixty-fourth Infantry was a regiment in which Summit County was represented, but to what extent we have been unable to learn definitely. Company G was made up wholly or in part in this county, but of its commissioned officers, we could learn but little beyond the fact that R. S. Chamberlain, Dudley C. Carr. Alonzo Hancock, Wilbur F. Sanders and A. M. Bloom, served as such, the first three named rising to the rank of Captain. Chamberlain was honorably discharged on the 23d of September, 1864 ; Carr declined to accept a captaincy. and Hancock was mustered out as Captain with the regiment.

This regiment formed part of the brigade raised by Senator Sherman. and was organized at Camp Buckingham. near Mansfield. in November. 1861. The Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Regiments of Infantry, and the Sixth Independent Battery. comprised the Sherman Brigade. The Sixty-fourth served in Kentucky, Tennessee. Alabama, Mississippi. Louisiana and Texas. It witnessed the battle of Perryville. Ky.. without being permitted to participate in it. It was at Stone River where it lost heavily. In the Tullahoma campaign. in which it took an active part. it lost over one hundred men. The siege of Knoxville was another service in which it was engaged. The 1st of January. 1864. about three-fourths of the regiment re-enlisted for another three years service. At the expiration of its veteran furlough. it reported at Chattanooga. and accompanied Gen. Sherman in his Atlanta campaign, participating in all the battles of that stirring period. The Sixty-fourth also took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville—the closing battles of the war. After the war ended, it was sent to Texas. where it remained on duty until the 3d of December, 1865. and it was then mustered out, sent home, and paid off and discharged.

The One Hundred and Fourth Infantry drew a large number of men from Summit. County. Company H. entire, and several other parts of companies were recruited here. Company H entered the field officered as followed Walter B. Scott. Captain : Hobart Fool. First Lieutenant, and Samuel F. Shaw, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Scott died March 25, 1863, and Lieut. Ford was promoted to Captain in his place, but afterward placed on detached duty on Gen. Cox's staff: Second Lieut. Shaw was promoted to First Lieutenant May 29. 1863. and detached at his own request. First Sergt. ; B. L. Robertson was promoted to Second Lieu tenant February 26, 1863, to First Lieutenant May 9, 1864, and to Captain May 11, 1865, but mustered out as a First Lieutenant. Second Sergeant Abram. Paulus was promoted to Second Lieutenent August 19, 1864, and to

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First Lieutenant May 11, 1865, but mustered out as Second Lieutenant.

This regiment was organized at Camp Massillon in 1862. It was mostly recruited in the counties of Summit, Stark, Portage and Columbiana, and was mustered into the United States service at Camp Massillon. its place of rendezvous, on the 30th of August, 1862, and on the 1st of September left for the seat of war. The first active duty of the regiment was at Covington, Ky., where, upon its arrival, it went into camp on the Alexandria Turnpike, near that city. The rebel General, Kirby Smith, was then menacing Cincinnati, and the One Hundred and Fourth acted as the outpost of the national forces. In a few days it was sent to Fort Mitchell, near by, where the advanced pickets of the rebel army were met. A slight skirmish followed, in which the regiment lost one man killed and five wounded—the first and only blood spilled in defense of Cincinnati. On the 12th of September, the One Hundred and Fourth marched in pursuit of the rebel army toward Lexington. and being its first march. was very severe on the men. It reached Lexington on the morning of the 15th of October. just after the rear guard of the rebels had evacuated the city. It remained here until the 6th of December, perfecting itself in drill and discipline. and with such success as to carry off the palm in a competitive drill of the forces at that place. On the 6th of December, the regiment. with its brigade. resumed its march, and on the evening of the 7th, arrived at Richmund, Ky., where the command, comprising the One Hundredth. Forty-fourth and One Hundred and Fourth, Ohio, and the Nineteenth Ohio Battery, built quite formidable earthworks. The march was resumed on the 27th of December, and on the 28th the regiment reached Danville. This movement was made for the purpose of intercepting the rebel Gen. Morgan, then maneuvering in that vicinity, but, beyond light skirmishing, nothing occurred. From Danville it went to Frankfort, the State capital, where it performed provost duty,until the 21st of February. 1863. While the brigade was in Frankfort, the Forty-fourth Ohio was mounted. The regiment started for Danville on the 21st of February, and continued to operate in that portion of Kentucky until the first of September, when it joined Gen. Burnside's army in East Tennessee, arriving at Knoxville about the 5th. Before leaving Kentucky, the One Hundred and Fourth had been placed in the First Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, under Gen. Hartsuf. The regiment, with its brigade, after a short rest at Knoxville, was sent to Cumberland Gap, where it arrived on the 7th of September. Gen. Burnside demanded the surrender of the place, which was complied with by Gen. Frazier, the commandant, who surrendered his entire force as prisoners of war. The One Hundred and Fourth was the first regiment to enter the works. and received the surrender of the rebel force and stores. The regiment, after this, returned to Knoxville, where for a time it was engaged on provost duty. Its next active duty was in the siege of Knoxville by Gen. Longstreet, where it was held in reserve, but being ordered to the south side of Holston River, it had an engagement in which the enemy was repulsed. During the siege it bore its part of active duty, and suffered severely from exposure and privation. Its rations were limited and inferior in quality ; the weather was cold, drizzly and disagreeable, and the men, without tents, were compelled to take their rest upon the muddy ground. Says a war chronicle : The One Hundred and Fourth Ohio, with the national army, joined in the pursuit of Longstreet, and followed him up to Blain's Cross Roads, participating in the various skirmishes of that pursuit. It wintered in this inhospitable region during the whole of that inclement season, and endured hardships and privations like those suffered by our Revolutionary forefathers at Valley Forge. Half-starved, half-clad, those brave boys and self-sacrificing men maintained their integrity to the old flag, and in the midst of these terrible sufferings declared a willingness to enter on another three years term of service, but their enlistment not expiring within the time specified, they were not allowed to veteranize."

The One Hundred and Fourth took part in the Atlanta Campaign in 1864, and participated in all the general engagements of that stirring period. In the desperate assault at Utoy Creek on the 6th of August, the loss of the brigade was 600 killed and wounded ; the One Hundred and Fourth lost twenty-six officers and men killed and wounded. In the latter part of. August it proceeded to Jonesboro, and took part in that engagement, and remained in the vicinity

260 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.

until the fall of Atlanta, when it marched for Decatur. During the month of October it operated against Hood's forces, and on the 6th of November took the cars for Nashville. Until the 26th almost daily skirmishing was had, in which it lost several men. It participated in the battle of Franklin on the 30th, in which it lost sixty men killed and wounded. Lieut. Kimball, of Company C, and Capt. Bard, of Company I, were killed in this battle. After the battle, the regiment marched with the national forces to Nashville, bearing with it eleven battleflags captured from the enemy. It reached Nashville on the morning of December 1, and took position in the front near Fort Negley. Nothing of note occurred until the 15th, except the intense suffering of the men from cold weather. It moved with the corps to which it belonged, on the 15th. to the right to support the cavalry, and had a brisk skirmish in which several men were killed. After the rebel works were taken, the regiment moved in pursuit of the enemy and did not stop, except a short halt at Columbia, until it reached Clifton, Tenn., on the 6th of January, 1865. It remained in camp here until the 16th, when it embarked on a steamer for Cincinnati. and, on the 22d, took the cars for Washington City, and thence was transferred to North Carolina, arriving at Federal Point on the 9th of February. During the remainder of the month it was actively engaged, skirmishing with the enemy much of the time, and on the 4th of ' March it made a forced march to Kingston to the relief of Gen.. Cox, who was threatened by overpowering numbers.

The regiment proceeded to Goldsboro from , Kingston, where it arrived on the 21st of March, and where it remained until the 11th of April, when it went to Raleigh. At the grand review in Raleigh on the 21st of April, the regiment received some high compliments from Gen. , Sherman and others for their efficiency in drill and soldierly bearing. It remained in Raleigh until May 2, when it was selected by Gen. Cox, commanding the corps, to repair to Greensboro and receive the arms and stores of Gen. Johnston's army. It remained in Greensboro as provost guard until the 17th of June, 1865, when it was mustered out and ordered to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, for final pay and discharge. It arrived in Cleveland on the 24th, and, on the 27th of June, was paid off and mustered out.

The One Hundred and Seventh Infantry contained nearly half a company from Summit County. This was a German regiment, and was made up under special authority from Governor Tod, to serve under Gen. Sigel. Company I was made up in this and Tuscarawas County, and of the first commissioned officers the First Lieutenant was from the latter county, while the Captain and Second Lieutenant were from Summit. The . company was organized with Richard Ferederle, Captain ; Hamilton Starkweather, First Lieutenant, and W. F. Bechtel. Second Lieutenant. Capt. Ferederle and Lieut. Starkweather both resigned early ; Lieut. Bechtel resigned December S. 1862. George Billow, of Akron. was promoted to Second Lieutenant November 30. 1862. to First Lieutenant December 1, 1863. and to Captain November 3. 1864. and as such was mustered out at the close of the war. Capt. Billow served but little with his company after his promotion to Captain. but was detached as Brigade Commissary. Post Commissary and as Provost Marshal.

This regiment, as we have said, was composed wholly of Germans, and was organized at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, in the latter part of August, 1862. It was ordered to Covington. Ky., to repel an expected attack of the rebel Gen. Kirby Smith. In November it was ordered to Virginia. where it was assigned to the Eleventh Army Corps, commanded by Gen. Sigel. It served in Virginia until the 1st of August, 1863, taking part in all the principal battles of that period, including Chancellorsville. It was in this battle that the Eleventh Corps was flanked by Stonewall Jackson, in which disastrous affair the One Hundred and Seventh suffered severely, losing 220 officers and men killed, wounded and prisoners. It also participated in the battle of Gettysburg, where it covered itself with honor. Its total loss in killed, wounded and missing in this battle amounted to over 400, out of 550, rank and file engaged. August 1, 1863, the One Hundred and Seventh was sent to South Carolina, where it performed picket duty until January, 1864. It served in this department, scouting, foraging and skirmishing with the enemy, until the close of the war. While on a scout near Georgetown, S. C., it received the news of the surrender of Lee and Johnston's armies. A few weeks later, it proceeded to Charleston, where

HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY - 261

it performed provost duty, until the 10th of July, 1865, when it was mustered out, sent home to Cleveland, where it was paid off and discharged.

The One Hundred and Fifteenth Infantry was well represented by Summit County men. Companies C and G were raised in this county, with perhaps some twenty men in Company I. The commissioned officers of Company C were John' A. Means, Captain ; John Eadie, First Lieutenant ; and George L. Waterman, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Means was mustered out with regiment at the close of its service. Lieut. Eadie was promoted to Captain, but commission was returned ; Lieut. Waterman died of wounds September 19, 1863 ; John C. Ely was promoted from Third Sergeant to Second Lieutenant February 8, 1865, and was lost on the steamer Sultana. The first commissioned officers of Company G were A. W. Fitch, Captain ; D. A. Lowry, First Lieutenant ; and A. L. Conger, Second Lieutenant. In the organization of the regiment, Capt. Fitch was promoted to Major. This led to a promotion of the Lieutenants of Company G—Lowry to Captain. and Conger to First Lieutenant. Sumner Nash was made Second Lieutenant. Maj. Fitch was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel July 20, 1864, and resigned January 5, 1865 ; Capt. Lowry was lost on steamer Sultana April 27, 1865 ; Lieutenant Conger was mustered out with regiment ; Lieut. Nash was promoted to First Lieutenant August 11, 1864, and as such mustered out with the regiment. M. S. Hurd was promoted from First Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant August 11, 1864. Of the men in Company I from this county, Capt. Edward Buckingham, late County Auditor, is the only commissioned officer among them, so far as we can learn. He went out as First Lieutenant, and was promoted to Captain February 8, 1863, and in that position was mustered out at the close of the war.

This regiment was mostly engaged during its term of service on guard and provost duty. It was organized at Camp Massillon in August, 1862, and mustered into the United States service on the 18th of September. October 4, it received orders to report to Gen. Wright at Cincinnati, where, on the 9th, it was divided —five companies, under command of Lieut. Col. Boone, was sent to Columbus (Camp Chase) to perform guard duty. The remaining fivecompanies, under command of Col. Lucy, remained in Cincinnati, acting as provost guard. The remainder of its history, during its service, is thus given :

In November, 1862, the battalion at Columbus was ordered to Maysville, Ky., under command of Col. Lucy, leaving Lieut. Col. Boone in command of the battalion at Cincinnati. In December, the battalion at Maysville was ordered to Covington, where it performed provost duty until October, 1863. It was then relieved, and ordered to report to Gen. Rosecrans, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Reaching Murfreesboro, it was ordered to report to the Post Commander for duty. Part of the regiment was at once mounted and sent out against the guerrillas, then infesting the country between Nashville and Tullahoma. In June, 1864, that part of the regiment not mounted was stationed on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, in blockhouses, to prevent the guerrillas from destroying it. August, 1864, BlockHouse No. 4, in command of Sergt. Flohr, of Company B, was captured by the forces of the rebel Gen. Wheeler. Block House No. 5, commanded by Lieut. Orr, of Company B, was attacked at the same time, and three men were killed and seven wounded out of the detachment of forty men. In this attack the rebels were handsomely repulsed, and failed in their desperate attempt to capture the garrison. Shortly after this affair, Company K (mounted), surprised and captured a squad of guerrillas, and lost Sergt. Richmond killed, and three men wounded. During Hood's advance on Nashville, in December, 1864, BlockHouses Nos. 1, 3 and 4 were assaulted by a large force of rebels under Forrest, and their garrisons, consisting of parts of Companies C, F and G, captured. The garrisons of BlockHouses Nos. 5 and 6 were, by order of Gen. Thomas, withdrawn to Murfreesboro. BlockHouse No. 7 was assaulted and surrounded by the rebels, and for fifteen days the garrison dared not venture outside. The garrison of Block House No 2, under command of Lieut. Harter, was assaulted December 9, 1864, by the enemy, with three pieces of rifled artillery, and a continuous fire kept up from 9 o'clock in the morning until dark. Two of the garrison were killed and five wounded. Under cover of the night, the garrison withdrew and reached Nashville in safety. Shortly after this affair, the rebel Gen. Buford made a desperate charge on Murfreesboro, but after five hours of hard fighting was driven back with heavy loss. On the national side there was one killed and three wounded. The garrison of Murfreesboro, at this time, consisted of a battalion of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio, and the Fourth and Twenty-ninth Michigan Regiments, under command of Gen. Rousseau.

On April 25, 1865, the battalion of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio, captured by the rebels at Block Houses 1, 3 and 4, in December, 1864, was on board the ill-fated steamer Sultana, which exploded on the Mississippi River, near Memphis, Tenn., and Capts. D. N. Lowry and John Eadie, Lieut. J. C. Ely and eighty men were lost. They

262 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.

belonged to Companies B, C, F and G. These unfortunate men were on their way to Columbus, Ohio. having been paroled for that purpose. The regiment performed garrison duty at Murfreesboro, and guard duty on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. from Nashville to Tullahoma, until the 23d of June, 1865, when it was mustered out of the service, and received its final discharge and pay at Cleveland July 7, 1865.

The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Infantry contained a fractional part of a company from this county, in which Capt. J. J. Wright, formerly of the Twenty-ninth Infantry, was Second Lieutenant. The regiment was organized in the latter part of the summer of 1863, at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, and mustered into the service for six months. Its service. during the term of its enlistment, was principally in Southeastern Kentucky and East Tennessee. Although but a six months' regiment. it saw hard service. It was mustered out at Cleveland in March, 1864.

The Fifty-fourth Battalion of the National Guard was made up wholly in Summit County. The three companies forming the battalion, were A, B and C, and were mustered into the service (one hundred days) with the following commissioned officers : Company A—N. L. Everett, Captain; D. W. Storer, First Lieutenant, and C. R. Howe, Second Lieutenant. Company B—D. F. Hunsberger, Captain ; N. J. Schroop, First Lieutenant, and D. J. Mettinger, Second Lieutenant. Company C—N. S. Keller, Captain ; F. H. Wright, First Lieutenant, and Thomas E. Strong, Second Lieutenant.

Upon the organization at Camp Taylor, the Fifty-fourth Battalion was consolidated with the Forty-ninth Regiment of National Guard from Seneca County. The consolidation was effected on the 6th of May, 1864, and the regiment became the One Hundredth and Sixty-fourth Volunteer Infantry National Guard. It was mustered into the United States service on the 11th of May ; was armed and equipped, and on the 14th, left Cleveland for Washington City, where it arrived on the 17th. It was commanded by Col. John Calvin Lee, who was brevetted Brigadier General at the close of the war for meritorious services, and, later, was Lieutenant Governor (two terms) with Gov. (now ex-President) Hayes. Upon the arrival of the regiment in Washington, it took position in the defenses on the south side of the Potomac, and during its one hundred days' service, garrisoned Forts Smith, Strong, Bennett, Haggarty and other forts. It was very thoroughly drilled, both in infantry and heavy artillery tactics. During Gen. Early's invasion. the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth was kept on duty almost constantly, and every night was spent either on the advance or beside the guns. At the expiration of its term of enlistment, the regiment received the thanks of President Lincoln for the service it had performed, and returned to Cleveland via Baltimore, Harrisburg and Pittsburgh, where, on the 27th of August, it was mustered out of the service and discharged.

The Second Cavalry drew on Summit County for a large number of men. Company A was made up in this county. while several other companies were more or less represented by Summit County recruits. The commissioned officers of Company A were George A. Purington. Captain ; Dudley Seward, First Lieutenant, and M. J. Collier, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Purington was promoted to Major September 24. 1861, to Lieutenant Colonel June 25, 1863. and to Colonel, but as such was not mustered, and retired from the service at the end of three years. First Lieut. Seward was promoted to Captain September 30. 1861. to Major September 18, 1862. to Lieutenant Colonel May 9, 1864. and to Colonel June 20. 1865. and as such mustered out with the regiment. Second Lieut. Collier was promoted to First Lieutenant May 10, 1861. and mustered out by the consolidation. and afterward commissioned Major of the Twelfth Cavalry. Henry 0. Hampson, Orderly Sergeant; was promoted to Second Lieutenant July 22, 1862, and resigned July 23, 1863. Sergt. A. N. Bernhard was promoted to Second Lieutenant December 20, 1861, to First Lieutenant July 15, 1862, to Captain February 17, 1863, transferred to Company K, and honorably discharged November 29, 1864. Sergt. L. J. McMurray was promoted to Second Lieutenant May 9, 1863, and honorably discharged September 6. 1864. Capt. Purington was in the Nineteenth (three months) Infantry, as Orderly Sergeant. and was promoted to Second Lieutenant ; and Seward was in the same regiment as Third Sergeant.

The Second Cavalry saw hard service and a great deal of it. From its organization as a regiment to its musterout at the close of the war,

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its duties were varied, and extended over a vast range of country. Says Whitelaw Reid in his "Ohio in the War :" The Second fought under the following general officers : Buell, Wright, Hunter, Denver. Sturgis. Blunt. Salomon, Curtis, Schofield, Burnside, Carter. Gilmore, Shackelford. Foster. Kautz. Sedgwick, Wilson. McIntosh, Torbett, Sheridan. Custer, Meade and Grant. Its horses have drank from, and its troopers have bathed in, the waters of the Arkansas, Osage. Cygnes. Missouri. Mississippi, Ohio, Scioto. Miami, Cumberland, Tennessee. Holston. Potomac. Shenandoah, Rappahannock. Rapidan, Bull Run. Mattapony. Pamunkey. Chickahomiuy, James, Appomattox. Blackwater, Nottaway and Chesapeake. It has campaigned through thirteen States and a Territory : Kansas, Missouri. Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana. Ohio, Kentucky. Tennessee. Georgia, Alabama. West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia and Indian Territory. It has traveled as a regiment on foot. horseback. by railroad and steamboat. on land. river. bay and ocean. It has marched an aggregate distance of twenty-seven thousand miles ; has fought in ninety-seven battles and engagements: It has served in five different armies : The Army of the Frontier. of the Missouri. of the Potomac. of the Ohio, and of the Shenandoah—forming a continuous line of armies from the headwaters of the Arkansas to the mouth of the .James ; and its dead. sleeping where they fell. form a vidette-line half across the continent. a chain of prostrate sentinals two thousands miles long. Even in their graves, may not these patriotic dead still guard the glory and the integrity of the Republic for which they fell ?" No regiment could desire a more glorious record or prouder name.

This regiment was organized in the fall of 1861, under special authority from the Secretary of War. It rendezvoused at Camp Wade, near Cleveland, where, on the 10th day of October, the last company was mustered in, and the regiment was ready for duty. It was recruited wholly in what is known as the " Western Reserve," and, being the second regiment of cavalry raised in the State, and the first in the northern part of the State. it contained " a large proportion of wealth, intelligence, capacity and culture." In the last of November, the regiment was ordered to Camp Dennison, where it received sabers and continued in the drill and discipline which had been begun before leaving Cleveland. Early in January, 1862, it received orders from the War Department to report to Gen. Hunter at Platte City, Mo., and at once proceeded to that place. Upon its arrival there, it spent several weeks in scouting the Missouri border. On the 22d of February, a scouting party from the Second. consisting of one hundred and twenty men, had a skirmish with a detachment under the notorious Quantrell, in which the latter was defeated. Doubleday's Brigade, to which the Second belonged, proceeded to Fort Scott, Kan., where it arrived on the 1st of March. The regiment was armed, at this time, with sabers, navy pistols and Austrian carbines. The army was concentrated at Fort Scott in the latter part of May, and early in June it moved into the Indian Territory by various roads. concentrating again at Spring River. The entire command soon moved to Baxter Springs, Indian Territory, where three regiments of loyal Indians. mounted on ponies and armed with squirrel rifles, joined the command. Later, the column moved from Baxter's Springs southward, and on the 8th of July went into camp at Flat Creek. Indian Territory, and, shortly after, the Second formed part of the force which captured Fort Gibson. In the early part of August, the command moved to Fort Scott, where it arrived on the 15th and went into camp. At this time. it was found " that there were less than two hundred and fifty serviceable horses in the Second, many of the men were sick. and a number had died on the march of a peculiar brain fever, probably produced by the excessive heat to which they were exposed."* The regiment. in the latter part of August. shared in a forced march of' ten days and nights in pursuit of a party of rebel raiders, continually skirmishing, but without loss. About this time, one hundred and fifty men and two officers were detailed from the Second to man, temporarily, a light battery. Six months later, the detail was made a transfer by the War Department, and constituted the Twenty fifth Ohio Battery. The mounted portion of the Second, early in September, with the Twenty-fifth Battery, moved, with the army of Gen. Blunt, into Missouri and Arkansas, and took an active part in the campaign that ended in the capture of Prairie Grove December 3, 1862. During this campaign, the Second fought at Carthage and New-

* Reid.

264 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.

tonia, Mo., camped at Pea Ridge, and fought at Cow Hill, Wolf Creek, White River and Prairie Grove. Efforts had been made to have the Second transferred to an Eastern army, which was successful, and the dismounted portion of the regiment, in November, moved by rail to Camp Chase, to remount and refit for the field, and the mounted portion followed in December, after the capture of Prairie Grove. While at Camp Chase, the Second received new arms and equipments, fresh horses and sixty recruits, and, during the winter, made great progress in drill and discipline. In 1863, the original twelve companies were consolidated into eight, and a battalion of four companies raised for the Eighth Cavalry was added to the Second. This battalion was then serving in Kentucky, and Maj. Purington was sent to assume command until it should join the regiment.

The Second left Camp Chase early in April, and proceeded to Somerset, Ky., and, when near Lexington, was joined by the new battalion. With but an occasional reconnaissance, the Second remained quietly in camp at Somerset until the 27th of June. In the early part of June, four companies of the Second formed part of a raiding force, under Gen. Saunders, into East Tennessee, where a large amount of stores were destroyed, and several railroad bridges. " Kautz's brigade, of which the Second was a part, joined in pursuit of the rebel Gen. Morgan on the 1st of July, followed the great raider twelve hundred miles, through three States, marching twenty-four hours out of twenty-four, living wholly upon the gifts of the people for twenty-seven days, and finally sharing in the capture at Buffington's Island. After the raid, the Second reassembled at Cincinnati, from which point nearly the whole regiment was furloughed by Gen. Burnside, in recognition of its endurance and gallantry." The Second reassembled and refitted at Stanford, Ky., and, in August, moved with the army to East Tennessee. It was here brigaded with the Second East Tennessee, Ninth Michigan, and Seventh Ohio Cavalry, Col. Carter, Second East Tennessee, commanding. On the 5th and 6th of September, the regiment made a forced march to Cumberland Gap, and, after the surrender of the place, returned to Knoxville, whence it was ordered up the valley. It joined the army at Henderson's Station about the 25th,and, soon after, it received orders to report to Gen. Rosecrans, then in command of the Army of the Cumberland. It marched thirty miles toward Knoxville, when it was suddenly ordered back to the front, and, on its return, found an engagement in progress, in which it at once took part, but without any serious results. A little later, it participated in the battle of Blue Springs. Late in October, as Longstreet advanced, the Second fell back, with other cavalry, to Russellville, and then to the vicinity of Cumberland Gap, and engaged Wheeler's cavalry. During the siege of Knoxville, it operated on the enemy's flank, and, when the siege was raised, joined in the pursuit of the rebels. On the 2d of December, it engaged Longstreet's cavalry at Morristown, and, on the 4th, it formed the advance of a brigade which attacked and fought eighteen regiments for two hours, at Russellville, losing forty men killed and wounded. On the 6th, it was at the front five hours in the battle of Beau Station, and, for the next five days, was almost constantly under fire. After a few days' rest, the cavalry crossed the Holston River and moved to Mossy Creek, where the time was spent in skirmishing and maneuvering until January 1, 1864, when, of 470 men then composing the regiment, 420 re-enlisted, and were sent home on veteran furlough.

The Second reassembled at Cleveland on the 20th of March, and, with 130 recruits, was again ready for the front. The first objective point was Mount Sterling, Ky., but, soon after, it was ordered to Annapolis, Md., where it arrived on the 29th of March. On the 13th of April, it was reviewed by Lieut. Gen. Grant, Gens. Burnside, Washburn and Meigs. On the 22d, the regiment moved to Camp Stoneman, D. C., and, by the 30th, was mounted, armed and equipped. It moved out of camp on the 1st of May. and on the 3d arrived at Warrenton Junction, where it reported to Gen. Burnside. With the Ninth Corps it moved to Brandy Station, crossed the Rapidan, went into line on the extreme right, and on the 7th engaged Rosser's cavalry with slight loss. During the campaign of the Wilderness, it was employed covering the right flank of the infantry almost constantly, either on picket or skirmishing. By order of Gen. Grant. the Second was transferred from the Ninth Army Corps, and attached permanently to Sheridan's Cavalry Corps, Army

HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY - 265

of the Potomac, and on the 29th it reported to Brig. Gen. J. H. Wilson, commanding Third Cavalry Division, and was by him assigned to the First Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. J. B. McIntosh. On the 31st, the division crossed the Pamunkey, and the First Brigade advanced on Hanover Court House, where a severe engagement took place, in which the Second bore a prominent part. The next day, a portion of the First Brigade, including the Second Ohio, proceeded to Ashland, where the entire force was soon surrounded by Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee, and a heavy engagement took place, which lasted till sundown, when, under the cover of night, the national forces withdrew, the Second covering the retreat. From this time to the crossing of the James, it was engaged in picketing and fighting on the right of the army from Hanover Court House to Cold Harbor. It crossed the James on the 17th of June, and the next day encamped with the division on the Blackwater. It took an active part in the fights of Nottaway Court House, Stony Creek and Ream Station, losing one hundred men and five officers killed, wounded and missing, and returning to the lines on the 1st of July. Early in August, the division to which the Second belonged went to Washington City, and on the 13th moved to Winchester, in the Shenandoah Valley, where it arrived on the 17th. The division was ordered to act as rear guard, and to hold the town until dark. Gen. Early made an attack at 3 o'clock, P. M., and at sundown, the division fell back ; the Second Battalion and two companies of the Third Battalion of the Second Ohio, acting as the rear guard for the whole command, fighting an hour in dense darkness in the streets of Winchester, then joining the main column, and falling back to Summit Point. Gen. Early again attacked on the 19th, and, after a sharp fight, the regiment retired to Charlestown, when it was again attacked by Early, on the 22d, and the Second was closely engaged. From Charlestown, the army retreated to Harper's Ferry. The Second, with its division, went to the right, and was twice engaged with the enemy. The division was, on the 26th of August, ordered to Boonesboro, and the Second encamped twenty-four hours on the South Mountain battlefield, marched over Antietam, and re-crossed the Potomac at Shepherdstown. It was in the skirmish at Berryville, Va., on the 30th, and in the early part of September was engaged with its division in picket duty on the left of Sheridan's army. On the 13th, Gen. McIntosh's Brigade (including the Second) was ordered toward Winchester. With the Second in front, the brigade charged Early's cavalry, driving it back, and the Second Ohio, with the aid of the Third New Jersey, captured an entire regiment of infantry. The Secretary of War made especial mention of the gallantry of the two regiments in this exploit. McIntosh's brigade at the battle of Opequon, was ordered to capture a line of hills between the Opequon and Winchester, which was accomplished after four hours' hard fighting. In the retreat of Early's army, the Second was the last regiment to leave the pursuit on the Valley Pike. For several weeks it was almost continually engaged fighting and skirmishing. Gen. Custer assumed command of the division to which the Second belonged at Bridgewater. It shared in the battle of Cedar Creek on the 19th of October, and was present on the Valley Pike, when Sheridan came to the front on his " famous ride from Winchester." After the battle, the regiment performed picket duty until the 1st of November, when it fell back to Kernstown. It was engaged in active duty until the 28th of December, when it went into winter quarters on the Romney Pike, one and a half miles from Winchester, where it remained until the 27th of February, 1865.

On the 27th, it started with Sheridan's cavalry on the last raid of the war. Near the town of Waynesboro, Custer's division captured the remainder of Early's army. In this engagement, the Second Ohio captured five pieces of artillery, with a large amount of military stores, together with 650 prisoners, for which it received the thanks of Gen. Custer on the field. It continued to do its share of duty until the 20th of March, when, after resting a few days. Sheridan's cavalry joined the Army of the Potomac, and entered on the closing campaign of the war. After the surrender of Gen. Lee, the regiment, with its division, was ordered to North Carolina, but, upon receiving information of the surrender of' Gen. Johnston, it returned to Petersburg. The division soon moved to Washington City, and, immediately after the grand review, the Second Ohio was ordered to report to Gen. Pope, at St. Louis, Mo., where it arrived on the 7th of June. It remained here

266 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.

a month, when it was ordered to Springfield. Mo., to relieve State troops. The order was received for its muster out about the 1st of September. It proceeded to St. Louis, where its papers were made out. and then returned to Camp Chase, Ohio, and, on the 11th of October, 1865, was paid off and discharged.

The Sixth Ohio Cavalry drew a number of men from this county. but not enough to form a company. Of the Summit County men. the present Auditor. Mr. Aaron Wagoner. was the only commissioned officer. He was promoted to Second Lieutenant on the 8th of April, 1865. The Sixth was a splendid regiment. and saw much hard service. Reid closes his sketch of it in the following words : " During the last six months of its campaigning. it was under command of a Captain. as it had not a field officer with it. nor in its organization. Yearly all of its veteran officers were mustered out of service in November. 1864.' and not a sufficient number of men were on the rolls to have them replaced ; but, in a regiment composed of material like this. it made little difference whether they were commanded by a Captain or a Brevet Brigadier. As a newspaper regiment. it has not much history. Its record shows best in the rolls of the killed and wounded. and the long list of its honorable engagements." But our space will not allow of a more extended mention of this gallant regiment.

The Sixth Ohio Independent Battery was made up principally in Summit County. and formed a part of the "Sherman Brigade." The commissioned officers were C. Bradley. Captain ; 0. H. P. Ayres and J. P. McElroy. First Lieutenants ; A. C. Baldwin and E. S. Ferguson. Second Lieutenants. Capt. Bradley was mustered out January 17, 1865 ; Lieut. Ayres died July 8, 1864, from wounds received in the Atlanta campaign ; Lieut. McElroy resigned March 10, 1864 ; Lieut. Baldwin was promoted to Captain, and as such mustered out with the battery ; Lieut. Ferguson resigned November 7. 1862.

This battery was organized at Camp Buckingham, near Mansfield, and mustered into the service on the 20th of November, 1861. It comprised four ten-pound Parrot guns, and two six-pound bronze Rodmans. Capt. Bradley is mentioned as an experienced artillery officer, and had his battery in good trim for active service

*At expiration of three years' service.

before leaving Camp Buckingham. The battery and the brigade to which it belonged moved. on the 15th of December. to Louisville, Ky.. and thence by steamer to Nashville, where they reported to Gen. Buell on the 20th. The brigade was here scattered to different localities. and the battery found its way into Camp Gilbert. near the city. where, for some twenty days. it was occupied in perfecting its drill and getting ready for the field. It received orders. on the 12th of January. 1862, to report to Gen. Boyle. at Columbia. Ky., and arrived there on the 15th. where it took a position blockading the Cumberland River. The battery was divided. Lieut. McElroy's section remaining at Columbia. while the other was taken to Jamestown, Ky.. there reporting to Col. Thomas E. Bramlette. The battery remained on duty here until the fall of Nashville. when. with the Third Kentucky. Nineteenth Ohio. and Col. Woolford's cavalry. it proceeded to Nashville. where it arrived on the 19th of March. At Nashville. it was placed in the artillery reserve. commanded by Col. Barnet. First Ohio Light Artillery. and marched with the army to Pittsburg Landing. arriving on the 15th of April. and going into camp on the battlefield. It was ordered to report to Brig. Gen. Wood on the 29th of April, with whom it served until the close of the war. It moved with the army on Corinth. and entered that place on the 31st of May. after its evacuation by the rebels. June 1, it moved across Northern Alabama, arriving at Mooresville on the 3d of July. On the 18th. it marched to Stevenson. Ala., where it went into camp on the 21st of August. when it joined Buell's forces in their great race after Bragg to Louisville, Ky. They arrived at Louisville on the 28th of September, and, after a rest of three days, the line of march was again resumed. It proceeded out the Bardstown turnpike and reached Rolling Fork on the 8th of October, where it was saluted with the roar of battle at Perryville, only seven miles distant. Later in the day, it marched with its division to the battlefield, but was compelled to be mere spectators of the battle. After an unsuccessful pursuit of the enemy, the national forces returned to Nashville, arriving on the 26th of November.

At Nashville the army was reorganized by Gen. Rosecrans, and the battery was engaged much of the time in foraging, which several

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times brought it in contact with Gen. Wheeler's Rebel Cavalry. It participated in the battle of Stone River, and other battles incident to the capture of Murfreesboro, which was entered on the 4th of January, 1863. In the battle of the 31st of December, the battery lost two of its guns, but had the good fortune to recapture them. It lost severely in the several days' fighting. After the battle, the following members of the Sixth Battery were specially mentioned for gallantry : First Sergt. G. W. Smelts ; Sergts. Hust, Miller, Howard, Casey and Hartman ; Corporals Collins, Tool, Kimberk and Scott ; Privates Evans, Kirby and Robbinett. In the battle of Chickamauga, which was fought on the 19th of September, the battery participated and again lost heavily. Among the wounded was Lieut. Smelts. During the two days' battle, it expended 383 rounds of ammunition. lost two caissons, a battery-wagon, and had two horses killed. It was dismounted while in Chattanooga (to which the army had fallen back, after the battle of Chickamauga), owing to the want of forage and horses, and thus remained for some time inactive. On the 12th of December two-thirds of the battery re-enlisted as veterans, and started home January 1, 1864, on furlough—the non-veterans being transferred to the Twentieth Ohio Battery. While the veterans were at home on furlough, they added one hundred men to their ranks. Upon the return of the battery to the front, its first active duty was in the Atlanta campaign, in which it operated with Gen. Wood's (Third) Division, Fourth Army Corps, and during the 120 days of that brilliant march, was almost constantly engaged. Corporal William Matthews was mortally wounded at Dallas, and the next day Bugler Whitney was killed by sharpshooters. At Kenesaw Mountain, on the 19th of June, private Alfred Hersh was killed, and three others were wounded. It maintained its position before Kenesaw, and was highly complimented by Gen. 0. 0. Howard for accurate firing. The battery expended 250 rounds of ammunition in a charge made on the 27th. On the 6th of July, Lieut. Ayres was wounded by a rebel sharpshooter, from the effects of which he died on the 8th. From the 13th to the 25th, the battery was busily engaged in bombarding the city of Atlanta. August 25, it formed part of the flanking movement to Jonesboro, and took part in all the subsequent operations, and on the 9th of September it entered Atlanta, and while here was reequipped for the field. It moved with the Fourth Corps on the 3d of October after Gen. Hood, who had commenced his march to the rear of Atlanta. Capt. Bradley being away on leave of absence, the command of the battery devolved on First Lieut. A. C. Baldwin. It participated in the battle of Franklin on the 15th of December, of which action, says Whitelaw Reid, "Eighteen stands of colors were taken on the battery-front during the battle, and the rebels so crowded the embrasure that Private Jacob Stinebaugh resorted to the use of axes and picks with success. In this battle the battery lost William B. Welch, mortally wounded, and four others slightly. Welch fell into the hands of a Mrs. Bentley, of Franklin, who kindly nursed him, regardless of rebel opposition, and when he died saw him properly buried, with headboard and inscription, and a representation of the flag he so nobly fought under cut upon the board." In the second day's battle before Nashville, the battery went into position in front of Overton's Hill, eight miles from the city, and engaged Sandford's Mississippi rebel Battery, completely silencing it. It joined in the pursuit of the retreating rebels to the banks of the Tennessee River, and then marched for Huntsville, Ala., where it arrived on the 15th of January, 1865. It made a severe march to Eastport, Miss., in February, but before reaching that place, it was ordered back to Huntsville, where it remained in quarters until the close of the war. It returned to Ohio in the latter part of August, and, on the 1st of September, 1865, was mustered out of the service. It lost by death from wounds, sixteen ; by disease, twenty-six ; discharged by reason of disease, thirty ; of wounds, four ; by expiration of service, twenty-one ; re-enlisted as veterans, sixty-six.

The First Light Artillery (Col. James Barnet, of Cleveland), was represented by a battery or company from this county. Battery D was recruited by Capt. Andrew J. Konkle, and was made up in Summit County. The original commissioned officers of Battery D were Andrew J. Konkle, Captain ; Paul F. Rhoerbacher, L. P. Porter, Senior and Junior First Lieutenants ; and W. H. Pease, Henry C. Lloyd, Senior and Junior Second Lieutenants. Capt. Konkle was promoted to Major of the First Artillery on the 8th of September, 1863,

268 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.

and was honorably discharged August 8, 1864. Lieut. Rhoerbacher resigned January 1, 1862 ; Lieut. Porter resigned August 28, 1863 ; Lieut. Pease was promoted to First Lieutenant January 1, 1862, to Captain July 30, 1864, and mustered out with battery ; Lieut. Lloyd was mustered out October 23, 1863 ; Sergt. N. M. Newell was promoted to Second Lieutenant January 1, 1862, to First Lieutenant July 13, 1863, and mustered with battery ; Sergt. M. G. Ransom, promoted to Second Lieutenant July 13, 1863, and resigned April 15, 1864; Henry C. Grant was promoted to Second Lieutenant March 30, 1863, and transferred to Battery A, to First Lieutenant May 2, 1865, and mustered out with battery ; Sergt. Josiah Brown was promoted to Second Lieutenant May 9, 1864, and transferred to Battery E. At the general musterout, the commissioned officers were Giles J. Cockerill, Captain ; J. H. Rees, William Edwards, Senior and Junior First Lieutenants ; W. M. Welcher, Cornelius Linehan, Senior and Junior Second Lieutenants.*

The First Artillery was originally organized under the old militia law of 1860. Immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter, it was ordered to Columbus, and thence to Marietta. It was afterward ordered to Virginia, where it served until its expiration of three month's service, when it was ordered to Columbus for muster out. It was at once re-enlisted for three years, and for this organization it was that Capt. Konkle's Battery D was recruited, and mustered into the service in September, 1861. It left Camp Dennison on the 1st of November, and on the 10th, reported to Gen. Nelson at Mount Sterling, Ky. It was with Nelson until the 29th, when it reported to Gen. A. M. McCook, at Munfordville, Ky. In February, 1862, it was again ordered to report to Gen. Nelson, at Elizabethtown, but soon returned to its old quarters at Munfordville, and thence proceeded with Gen. McCook to Nashville. With the Fourth Division it moved to Pittsburg Landing, thence to Corinth, and on the 30th of June it was at Athens, Ala. July 30, the battery moved from Columbia, Tenn., with Gen. Nelson's command, to Lebanon, Ky., and in September, at Munfordville, it was overwhelmed by the enemy, and its entire force and material captured. The men were pa-

* The local facts pertaining to this battery were furnished us by Capt. H. C. Grant.roled and sent home to Ohio, remaining at Camp Chase until January, 1863, when they were exchanged. The battery was reorganized and equipped at Columbus, and joined the Third Brigade of the Fourth Division, Twenty-third Army Corps, at Lexington, Ky., in March. It served in Eastern Kentucky until July, when it marched with Gen. Burnside's army to Cumberland Gap, and took part in the capture of that rebel stronghold. It participated in the siege of Knoxville, and, immediately after the siege was raised, re-enlisted as veterans, and the men were sent home on the usual thirty days' furlough. The ranks were filled up at Cleveland, and early in 1864. it proceeded to Knoxville, Tenn. It was with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign. and participated in all the fighting of that eventful period. It took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville. the closing struggles of the war. It was finally mustered out of the service at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 15th of July. 1865.

The Ninth Independent Battery was made up principally in this county. The first commissioned officers were H. S. Wetmore. Captain ; L. P. Barrows, First Lieutenant. and John M. Hinde, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Wetmore resigned December 12, 1862. and Second Lieut. H. B. York was promoted to Captain. and in that position, mustered out with the battery. This battery was organized at Camp Wood Cleveland, on the 11th of October, 1861. It was first fitted out as a four-gun battery, with two ten-pounders and two twelve-pound howitzers, but afterward became a full six-gun battery. It served in Kentucky until the 1st of January, 1863, and participated in several hard fights. It was at Cumberland Gap and at Mill Springs. For its gallantry at the latter place, it was presented with two six-pound guns, by Gen. Thomas, which had been captured from the enemy at Cumberland Gap. During the retreat of the national forces from the Gap across the State to the Ohio River, in September and October, 1862, the Ninth Battery performed the most arduous duty. Placed in charge of a train, on the safety of which the whole retreat depended, the battery felt like sacrificing themselves to a man rather than permit it to be captured, and on this determination it acted during the whole of that retreat. On the 26th of January, 1863, the battery received orders to report to the Army of the Cumber-

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land at Nashville, where it arrived on the 1st of February, and where it remained until the 6th of March, when it moved out to Franklin and took position with the right wing of the Army of the Cumberland. On the 21st of November, the battery was assigned to the First Division, Twelfth Corps, Department of the Army of the Cumberland. Four men of the battery were captured by guerrillas on the 23d of December, who treated them inhumanly —tying their hands behind them, shot them and threw their bodies into the Elk River. Two of them, however escaped, by getting their hands loose and swimming to the shore —one died the next day. The other, James W. Foley, of Hudson, was permanently disabled in the right leg.* Under a general order of the Army of the Cumberland, an assessment of $30,000 on the neighborhood, was made for the benefit of the families of the three murdered men. In February, 1864, about three-fourths of the battery reenlisted, and returned home on furlough. On the 9th of April it reported at Tullahoma, with an aggregate of 151 men, having received a number of recruits while at home. In May, it acted with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign. It went also with him in his march to the sea. On the 29th of July, 1865, it was mustered out and discharged.

This comprises a sketch of the regiments which were represented by full companies from Summit County, so far as we have been able to learn them. In compiling these sketches of different regiments, we have drawn freely on "Ohio in the War," by Whitelaw Reid. But as it is said to be not wholly free from errors, we have endeavored so far as possible to have members of the regiments noticed look over and correct any errors recognizable, in order that injustice may be done to none.

The number of soldiers contributed by Summit County during the war to the armies of the Union may not be definitely given, but probably exceeded 3,000 men. The different arms of the service, viz., infantry, cavalry and artillery, were each well represented. The Beacon of July 24, 1862, published the following list of soldiers,' in the army at that time, from the different townships : Bath, 27 men ; Boston, 89 ; Copley, 34 ; Coventry, 26 ; Cuyahoga Falls, 55 ; Franklin, 43 ; Green, 62 ; Hud

*Reid.

son, 58 ; Middlebury, 26 ; Northfield, 42 ; Norton, 15 ; Northampton, 28 ; Portage, 203 ; Richfield, 42 ; Springfield, 51 ; Stow, 22 ; Tallmadge, 44, and Twinsburg, 48—a total of 910 men. The regiments recruited after that date, including drafts and enlistments in old regiments, comprised at least twice as many more. From the Beacon we find that the county was twice subjected to a draft, but each time the number selected through the means of " fortune's wheel " was small. The first draft occurred in October, 1862, and resulted as follows, by townships : Bath, 7 ; Copley, 27 ; Coventry, 49 ; Franklin, 59 ; Green, 26 ; Hudson, 8 ; Northampton, 7 ; Norton, 40 ; Northfield, 7 ; Portage, 49 ; Richfield, 29 ; Stow, 1 ; Springfield, 42, and Twinsburg, 7 men. Townships not mentioned made up their respective quotas by voluntary enlistments. The next draft took place on the 7th of May, 1864, as follows : Bath, 2 ; Cuyahoga Falls, 5; Boston, 3 ; Copley, 14 ; Coventry, 1 ; Franklin, 11 ; Hudson, 4 ; Middlebury, 4 ; Northampton, 13 ; Norton, 13 ; Springfield, 2 ; Stow, 6, and Tallmadge, 4 men. It is no reproach to the valor of Summit County that it was twice drafted. Many loyal and brave counties were drafted more than twice. Calls were made so often for soli diem that it was impossible to fill them as fast as made, and often before one quota was complete, another call was before the people. The great wonder is that men volunteered as freely as they did, notwithstanding the justness of the cause in which they were engaged. When we view the war in its full magnitude, it seems an event well calculated to discourage the most valorous. A. war that in four years called for the following troops : April 15, 1861, 75,000 men ; July 22, 1861, 500,000 ; July 2, 1862, 300,000 ; August 4, 1862 (for nine months), 300,000 ; June 15, 1863, the militia; October 17, 1863, 500,000 ; March 14, 1864, 200,000 ; April 22, 1864, 100 days' militia ; July 18, 1864, 500,000 ; December 19, 1864, 300,000, is without parallel in modern history, and the alacrity with which these calls were responded to is as unparalleled as the gigantic proportions of the war itself. When we take all this into consideration, it is not in the least strange that a few of these calls should be filled by draft ; nor is it, as we have said, any reproach or reflection upon the valor of the county.

In commemoration of the services of those

270 - HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY.

who laid down their lives upon the altar of their country, memorials have been erected in different parts of the county, which are intended to symbolize the affection of surviving friends. These memorials consist of monuments, chapels, etc., and are city or township affairs, and will receive appropriate mention elsewhere in this work. Not being erected by the county at large, a notice of them does not really belong in this chapter, but in the chapters devoted to the townships in which they are located.

An important element that was widely felt throughout the Northern States during the late war deserves more than a mere passing mention. We allude to the active part borne by the noble women of the country. Their deeds deserve to be written in characters of gold. Love and devotion to the unfortunate and heartfelt pity for the woes of suffering humanity, are among their strongest characteristics. Their kindly smiles of sympathy break through the clouds of misfortune, and their gentlest tones rise amid the sighs of suffering and sorrow. Hundreds and thousands of these noble, self-sacrificing women, like ministering angels, took their places in camp and hospital, where many a brave soldier had cause to thank God for their presence. They went forth, braving all the dangers incident to the times and the place. with the expressed sentiment that if they died their loss would not be felt. Noble, but mistaken souls! The world sustains its heaviest loss when such spirits fall. But not alone by those who went forward to nurse and care for the sick and wounded was all the good accomplished that is accredited to female hands. Those who remained at home performed a good work, the half of which has not yet been told," but the results of which was felt by many a poor worn out soldier.

The Soldiers' Aid Society, composed of ladies, was an early organization formed for the benefit of the soldiers in the field, and was productive of great good. Says Whitelaw Reid upon this subject : " Efforts of the people in behalf of their soldiers may be gathered from records of their organized action through the medium of aid societies, sanitary commissions, Christian commissions, soldiers' fairs, etc., some names of the fortunate ones whose privilege it was to work as the almoners of the people's bounty; some traces of the more public demonstrations. But the real history of the work will never be written, never can be written, perhaps never ought to be written. Who shall intrude to measure the love of the mothers, and sisters, and wives, at home for the soldiers in the field ? Who shall chronicle the prayers and the labors to shield them from death and disease? Who shall speak worthily of that religious fervor which counted loss and suffering and life as nothing, so that by any means God's work might be done in the battle for liberty and right." The Cincinnati branch of the Sanitary Commission was the most extensive relief association in the State. A soldiers' aid society was a State organization, with branches ! in each county. It found a ready response among the ladies of Summit County. An organization, auxiliary to the State Aid Society, was formed in Akron. with branches in each township, which was instrumental in accomplishing a noble work. The following extract is from a soldier's letter, published at the time. and is illustrative of this good work : It was about 5 o'clock in the afternoon *hen I arrived in the hospital. Soon after my entrance, I was stripped and bathed in a large tub of tepid water, shown to bed, and a nice clean white shirt and a pair of drawers were given me. I soon encased my tired limbs in my new wardrobe, and while doing so my eyes caught sight of the words ' From the Woman's Aid Society,' stamped in black ink on each garment. I lay down, pulled the blanket over my head and thought of my situation. Here I am in a hospital, prostrated with disease, worn out in body and mind, over eight hundred miles from any spot I can call home, my own mother and sister long since dead ; but the noble-hearted women of the North—those angels of mercy—are supplying the place of mother and sister, not only to me, but to thousands of suffering soldiers from every State. Presently I felt two large tears coursing down my cheeks and running into my mustache, followed by myriads of others dropping on the sheet under my chin, forming innumerable little salt-water pools. When well, I am a strong man, and it requires some sudden and deep grief to bring me to tears ; but tears of gratitude flowed from me that evening as freely as drops of rain from an April cloud ; and, like a spoiled child, I cried myself to sleep." This is but one instance, and how many other soldiers of the armies of the Union could tell the same story

HISTORY OF SUMMIT COUNTY - 271

The Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society was formed in Akron early in the summer of 1861, and continued in active operation until the close of the war. As we have said, the real history of its work can never be written. Funds were raised by fairs, festivals, mite societies, etc., and as soon as raised were invested in such articles as were needed most, and immediately sent to camps and hospitals. Many a blessing upon the fair ones, and many a prayer for their happiness was breathed by the recipients of these timely favors. But we will not pursue the subject. Full justice to these angels of mercy cannot be done in our limited space. We will only add, in conclusion of the chapter, a hope that their efforts may never again be called into play in a similar contest.