HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY JAMES MCGRANAHAN. —The death of James McGranahan, at Kinsman, Trumbull county, on the 9th of July, 1907, removed from earth one of its sweetest and most spiritual singers, its most prolific and perhaps the greatest writer of Gospel music of his day, and his daily life and his life work was blessed with inspiration and apostolic power. His gifts came from above in the name of genius, and were faithfully trained and developed as talents from a divine source. His influence, therefore, pierced deep into the hearts of the masses and also was an inspiration to the refined and broadly educated. For more than a decade his voice and pen carried the Gospel to thousands of hearts, and as an evangelist he stood related to Major D. W. Whittle as Sankey was associated with Moody. Mr. McGranahan's consecration to the work was accompanied by circumstances which were peculiarly pathetic and impressive. Thoroughly educated under the most eminent masters of voice culture in Europe and America, and, from his early manhood, possessed of a wonderful tenor, Mr. McGranahan was besieged on all sides by unqualified advice and enthusiastic solicitation urging him to adopt an operatic career. But there was one of his most intimate friends who drew him powerfully in another direction; that was P. P. Bliss, who begged that he consecrate his wondrous voice and gifts as a composer to the Gospel cause. While matters were in this undecided state came the dreadful catastrophe at Ashtabula, in which Bliss was killed—but Major Whittle himself has told the story in these words : "A week before Mr. Bliss left me he was writing at the table one day, and he read me a letter he had written. He said it was to a man he very much wanted to see in Gospel work; he could write music and sing, and he wanted him to sing for the Lord. He asked me if I knew of any evangelist who would go with his friend McGranahan. Vol. II-1 2 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY I said I did not know anybody ; but if he would consecrate. himself to God someone would be raised up to accompany him. At Ashtabula a man came up to me and said, 'Mr. Bliss was one of my dearest friends ; my name is McGranahan.' There stood before me the very man whom Mr. Bliss had chosen. We went to Chicago ; and there it pleased God to give my brother a great blessing in his soul." During the following eleven years Mr. McGranahan and Major Whittle were associated in evangelistic work in various parts of United States, Great Britain and Ireland, but before entering into the details of his great career it is well to learn what were his preparatory steps. He was of a Scotch-Irish family, his grandfather emigrating from a locality near Belfast, Ireland, prior to the Revolutionary war. The latter married an English lady, and during the later years of his life resided in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, and it is of record that most of his twelve children evinced unusual musical talents. James spent his boyhood upon the paternal farm, and was designed by his practical father to be its final manager and proprietor. But his singing school and his bass viol soon became dearer to him than the farm, and at the age of nineteen he was the teacher of one of the most popular institutions of that kind in the state. He finally prevailed upon his father to further his musical ambitions by enrolling him as a student at the Normal Music School, Geneseo, New York, where he pursued his studies under T. E. Perkins, Carlo Bassini and other eminent teachers. At this institution he not only obtained his first real scientific and systematic insight to the wealth and beauty of song, but met the young lady who afterward became his wife and was ever the great human inspiration of his life. In 1862 he became associated with the late J. G. 'Towner, and for two years they made concert tours through Pennsylvania and New York. Mr. McGranahan afterward continued his musical studies under Bassini, Webb, O'Neill and others, studying normal methods with Dr. George F. Root, the art of conducting with Carl Zerrahn, and harmony with J. C. D. Parker, F. W. Root and George A. Macfarren. From 1875 to 1878 he served as director and teacher in the National Normal Institute, of which Dr. Root was principal, also carrying on his convention work and composing glee, chorus and class music. Then came the eleven years of his harvest, both of fame and regenerated souls, in association with Major Whittle and his talented, faithful and Christian wife. The first of their evangelizing visits to Great Britain was made in 1880, and their meetings held in London, Perth, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee, Belfast and other places, were events of the religious world. The second visit was made in 1883, When they were associated with Messrs. Moody and Sankey. It was in London that Mr. McGranahan organized the first male chorus in England for Gospel singing. There were about one hundred men in the chorus, all said to be converts of the meetings, and for many years the organization remained intact and' accomplished splendid work in the evangelical field. In 1887, on account of a general undermining of Mr. McGranahan's health, the evangelist of music and song was obliged to relinquish active HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 3 work. It was then that he erected his beautiful home at Kinsman, Ohio, and among his old friends, with his wife beside him, devoted himself to the composition of those Gospel hymns which have strengthened and cheered so many both within and without the church. His hope of again returning to the field was not to be realized, and valiantly and cheerfully he met the death which had been near him for eleven years. It lacked about a year of a quarter of a century since he had wedded his kindred soul, Miss Addie Vickery. True to her troth, she had been beside him in health and in sickness, in life and in death, his partner in music and in song, as well as• the domesticities of the years. Although children were denied them, they have left a priceless legacy in the uplifting and salvation of many of the downcast of the earth. As well stated in a beautiful memorial of his life, "Mr. McGranahan's music has a quality that is all its own. It is characterized by strength and vigor. Much that he has written will live in the permanent hymnology of the church. Such songs as 'My Redeemer,' I Shall Be Satisfied,' The Crowning Day,' Showers of Blessing,"0, How Love I Thy Law,' and many others will voice the praise of future generations in their worship of God. Among the more elaborate pieces that Mr. McGranahan :wrote, `I am the Resurrection and the Life' has a power in its cumulative effect and grandeur of treatment that would be hard to surpass. The United Presbyterian church owes much to Mr. McGranahan in the service he rendered in setting to appropriate music the Psalms as used in the 'Bible Songs.' Some of his best music was written for this purpose. "Mr. McGranahan was pioneer in the use of the male choir in Gospel song. When holding meetings at Worcester, Massachusetts, a draught which had not been noticed laid aside for the time being all the female voices, and he found himself with a chorus of male voices only. Always resourceful, he quickly adapted the music to male voices and the meetings went on with great power. What was necessity at first became a most popular and effective agency in the Gospel work. Soon was published 'Gospel Male Choir' Nos. 1 and 2, and the male choir and quartet are recognized forces in the church today. To Mr. McGranahan was due also the introduction of the unadorned words of Scripture to striking airs- and harmonies. He loved the Word, and if he could make the exact words of Scripture do service as the chorus of a hymn he always did so." To the foregoing may be added the words of Dr. Henry Ostrom, spoken in a touching address delivered in a memorial meeting held at Kinsman, in the month following Mr. McGranahan's death : "As a man he was noble, at home he was lovely, in the church he was Christly, in the community he was honorable, but the world on land and sea cherishes his music, and it is for that he will be more widely known." HENRY BISHOP PENKINS.—No family in the Western Reserve section of Ohio has ever stood higher or contributed more to the material development and. moral worth of the community than the family of General Simon 4 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Perkins and his descendants. Inheriting that sturdy integrity which seemed inherent in the early pioneers of this country, General Perkins trans-mitted to his children- the same strong qualities for which he was noted. Henry Bishop Perkins, the youngest son of General Simon Perkins, was born at Warren, Ohio, March 19, 1824. General Perkins died when. Henry Bishop Perkins was but twenty years old, yet, at that early age, he had already manifested those splendid qualities of manhood, justice and unimpeachable integrity, which he carried through his long and useful life. Possessing a keen sense of responsibility, a fine dignity, and attractive physical presence, he immediately took the position in the community made vacant by the death of his distinguished father. Remaining at the old homestead in the town of his birth, he devoted his entire life toward higher ideals of good citizenship in the community. He bestowed generously- of his time and money to the encouragement of those less fortunate than he and contributed a very large share toward making Warren the beautiful city it is today. Mr. Perkins, with that true democracy which had characterized his ancestors and descendants, was a student in the schools of Warren and later entered one of Ohio's first institutions of higher learning, Mari-etta College. After a tour of Europe where he gained valuable experience by travel and broadened his sympathies by contact with people of many lands he entered diligently upon the work of the management of the estate left to his care. Notwithstanding the many demands upon his time, in conducting his private business, Mr. Perkins never failed to assume and discharge every duty which falls to a good citizen in a growing community. He served fifteen years on the Warren Board of Education and to his excellent judg-ment in a large degree the high standard of Warren schools and her beauti-ful schoolhouses are attributable. Nor did he confine his educational interest to his home city, but in connection with his brothers, endowed a professorship in the Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. Removed but a generation or two from the pioneers who had blazed the first trails in a new country, Mr. Perkins inherited also that love of nature without which one rarely becomes a sympathetic and well-rounded man. The grounds surrounding' his home on Mahoning Avenue were filled with rare trees, shrubs, plants and flowers, while his fine farms in Trumbull county were examples of the painstaking husbandman who appreciates that Nature is a good accountant and gives in the measure that she receives. Mr. Perkins realized that agriculture is the true basis of all prosperity and he farmed well, just as he did everything well. He was twice elected president of the Trumbull County Agricultural Society, was twice appointed a member of the State Board of Agriculture and was for many years a trustee of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. To the duties of each position he gave that same thorough attention which he devoted to his private business. Always a lover of the beautiful and artistic, Mr. Perkins laid out, ornamented and maintained Monumental Park, in Warren, which among other things, will always remain to hallow his memory in the city he loved so well. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 5 With a multiplicity of private and public duties demanding his constant attention, Mr. Perkins was in the most ideal sense a home man, devoting every attention to his family and extending the radius of his sympathy and assistance to his neighbors and friends. In 1855 Mr. Perkins was married to Miss Eliza G. Baldwin, a daughter of Norman C. Baldwin, a prominent and popular man, who was conspicuous in the early business life of Cleveland. Mrs. Perkins is a woman of keen intellect, generous impulses, remarkable dignity and has contributed her full share in maintaining the high standards of excellence and worth of the descendants of General Simon Perkins. Four children were born to them : Mary now Mrs. H. A. Lawton, of Warren; Olive D., now Mrs. Samuel W. Smith, of Cincin-nati; Jacob, who died in 1902, and Henry Bishop, Jr., who died in 1900. Mr. Perkins believed in teaching people to help themselves, and in a practical way he tided many business men over crises, helped young men through college and without ostentation gave assistance to helpless women and children. Before the days of bonding companies, men of means were called upon to stand sponsor for men in public office. Mr. Perkins during his lifetime was probably on the bond of more men in public and private matters than any other man in his community. When thanked for these favors, he always quietly replied that he could perhaps better afford to take the risk than others, and did not therefore deserve any praise.. He served as president of the Oakwood Cemetery Association, and gave a great deal of time and thought to the beautifying of the grounds. A generation ago the Warren Library was not the prosperous institution it is today. It was then without means, and it seemed that unless assistance came the library must close its doors, but it was enabled to continue its work by generous donations from Mr. Perkins. His practical experience and sound advice were always in demand, and when Trumbull county's stately new court house was being planned and erected in 1895 Mr. Perkins was appointed to advise with the commissioners in carrying out that important work. He never at any time sought public office, but accepted it rather as a duty which a good citizen owes to his community when called upon to serve. Thus in 1879 be was elected to the Ohio Senate, and re-elected in 1881, which position he held four years. In 1888 he was a Republican elector for Benjamin H. Harrison, then a candidate for president, which honor was particularly gratifying to Mr. Harrison, as Mr. Perkins' father, General Simon Perkins, had been a personal friend to President William Henry Harrison, the grandfather of Benjamin Har-rison. Mr. Perkins was one of the commissioners chosen by Governor Bishop to establish the boundary line between Ohio and Pennsylvania in 1879. Perhaps one of the most notable incidents of Mr. Perkins' public career was in connection with the great Garfield-Grant-Conkling mass meeting, which he was largely instrumental in bringing to Warren in 1880. It was at this historic gathering that bitter and warring political interests were reconciled, which assured the election of James A. Garfield for presi-dent in the November following. Senator Conkling, Senator Cameron, 6 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY General Grant and William McKinley were all entertained at the hospitable home of Mr. Perkins upon that occasion. Mr. Perkins early became one of the stockholders and directors of the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad, now one of the most important branches of the great Erie System. In 1852 Mr. Perkins was elected a director of the Western Reserve Bank, which was one of the oldest banking institutions in Northern Ohio. Upon the expiration of its charter in 1863, the First National Bank•was organized, and Mr. Perkins was chosen president, which office he held until the time of his death, nearly forty consecutive years. Mr. Perkins' conservative business judgment, his unquestioned integrity and his general popularity fitted him for this position of trust. Recognizing his high standing, experience and ability, in 1861 Secretary Chase, of the United States Treasury, selected Mr. Perkins to assist in making the first national loan necessitated by the Civil war. Added to his many other public duties, Mr. Perkins served for many years as trustee of the Cleveland Historical Society, and was appointed by Governor McKinley a trustee of the Cleveland State Hospital. With liberal and unselfish views, he lived his life from day to day, and when he died, March 2, 1902, there was left a vacancy in the community that has never been filled. Mr. Perkins was a supporter of the Presbyterian church, but in his philanthropy and liberality he did not confine himself to any one church or denomination. For more than three score years Hon. Henry Bishop Perkins stood a pillar of strength in the old Western Reserve city. of his birth, and his entire life was without stain. Kind, exemplary to a high degree, thoughtful, industrious, systematic in all he thought and did, generous and dignified, but ever finding time to aid the lowly and encourage the ambitious, his career forms the best possible example for those who have come after him. His was the old school of citizenship, embodying in his life a certain chivalry, yet with all a becoming simplicity, which formed a connecting link between the old and the new and rendered him one of the most beloved men Trumbull county ever produced. CHARLES A. HARRINGTON, president of the Second National Bank, at Warren, Ohio, who has been for many years a. prominent character in the affairs of the Buckeye state, is a native of Ohio, born in Greene township, Trumbull county, June 16, 1824. He descended from the Puritanic stock of New England, being the son of William and Helena (Bascom) Harrington, who were natives, respectively, of Brookfield, Vermont, and Chester, Massachusetts. The father was born February 5, 1794. William Harrington, whose father died early in life, was bound out in his youth, but purchased his time before attaining his majority and went to Canada, which country he left on the outbreak of the war of 1812. In March, 1817, in company with his mother, he came to Trumbull county and settled in the midst of the woods on his claim, his mother keeping house for him until his marriage in 1821: He followed agriculture, and was HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 7 much interested in the early development of the county, acting many years as a justice of the peace of honor, ability and popularity. Both he and his faithful wife were communicants of the Congregational church, in which he was frequently a lay-reader. He died in 1885, more than ninety-one years of age. Their five children all survive save William A., who passed from earth June 5, 1893, and Coydon, who, died about 1896. Charles A. Harrington, one of the five children mentioned, was reared on the farm, continuing to reside there until twenty-one years of age; attended the public schools of his home neighborhood, after which he was for a time a student at the Grand River Institute, Austinburg, Ohio, and subsequently entered Oberlin College, which institution he left during his junior year. For about twelve winters following he taught school, and in 1845 established a select school in Greene township, which proved a decided success, through the able management and assistance of the able corps of assistants whom Mr. Harrington drew about him. While teaching he also studied law, and in 1849 was admitted to practice. In 1860, after eleven years of constant practice, he was elected clerk of the court of common pleas, serving two terms and retiring from that office in 1867. During that year, without solicitation, he was nominated by President Johnson, and confirmed by the Senate, as assessor of internal revenue for the nineteenth district, which office he held until it was abolished by law. Mr. Harrington then resumed his law practice in partnership with William T. Spear, which relation existed until 1879, when Mr. Spear was elevated to the bench as judge of the common pleas court. Mr. Harrington practiced alone until 1887, and in November of that year accepted a position as cashier of the Second National Bank, at Warren, which position he resigned in May, 1898, and in January, 1900, was elected to his present office as president of the bank. Mr. Harrington was originally a Whig, but upon the formation of the Republican party he immediately joined its ranks. His constituents have honored him by an election to the hoard of education of Warren, in which capacity he faithfully served for twenty-five years. Fraternally, he is a Master Mason, and was one of the first trustees for the Children's Home for Trumbull county, at Warren. His greatest happiness has been noted while serving others, rather than himself. in 1848 Mr. Harrington was married to Elvira, daughter of William A. Bascom, by whom two children were born : Charles Frederick and Frank Wales, both of whom are deceased. The mother died in February, 1892. In 1864 the elder son, a graduate of the Western Reserve College, entered the army and served until the close of the Civil war. He returned home, and was for a number of years in the United States coast survey service, with which he was connected when he died, in the month of October, 1871. He had married Miss Skinner, of New York, but left no children. His death was caused by diseases contracted while serving his country.. In November, 1893, Charles A. Harrington married for his second wife Sophia M. Smith. Frank Wales Harrington, the younger son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles 8 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY A. Harrington, graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1879, and was a practicing lawyer for several years, but, on account of ill health, was obliged to abandon his profession. He married Miss Park, daughter of S. W. Park, a merchant, and a son and a daughter were born to them : Charles A. Harrington, Jr., now a senior at Cornell University, and Priscilla Park Harrington, a student at Wellesly College. The husband and father died on October 7, 1893. CYRUS B. SNYDER was one of the most extensive land owners and stock raisers within Trumbull county, and had possessions in Ohio and far away Texas, where his interests were large. He was a native of Brookfield township, this county, born June 1, 1830, the son of David and Mary A. (Combs) Snyder, the former born in Perry county, Pennsylvania, in 1805, and the latter in Brookfield township, December 3, 1807. The paternal grandparents were Thomas and Mary Snyder, of Pennsylvania, who were of German parentage. On the mother's side the grandfather was Ebenezer M. Combs, of Connecticut. The father came with his mother to Hartford, Ohio, in 1808, cutting a wagon road through the dense forests. The mother of Cyrus B. Snyder came to Vienna with her parents when a small girl. David and Mary A. (Combs) Snyder were united in marriage November 27, 1827, in Trumbull county, Ohio, and settled in the northern part of Brookfield township. David, a blacksmith by trade, conducted a shop there until 1848, when he sold his shop and moved to a farm in Bloomfield township, where he resided several years, then came to the village of North Bloomfield, and there ran a shop for ten years, after which he retired, about the spring of 1875. His faithful wife died in 1890. They had nine children, three of whom still survive : Cyrus B., of this narrative, the eldest; Mary, Mrs. Harrison Lee, of Enid, Oklahoma ; David T., of North Bloomfield. Cyrus B. Snyder had the advantages of the common schools and the Vienna Academy. He resided with his parents until eighteen years of age, when he entered the employ of Charles Brown, who was in the live stock business, raising cattle and horses. Mr. Snyder was in the employ of this stockman three years and caught a full glimpse of what a great business was being carried on in such an industry and at once purchased land and began the role of a stockman himself. He steadily forged his way to the front rank, and was the owner of twelve hundred acres of land in Mesopotamia and Bloomfield townships •at the time of his death. He cultivated a portion of this land and pastured the remainder. He also owned forty-six hundred acres in Shackelford county, Texas, which land is chiefly devoted to grazing purposes. In all of his business transactions he proved himself a competent factor in the great live stock business of this country. Politically, he had ever voted the Democratic ticket. He was justice of the peace, township trustee and school director, besides holding other local positions. He was a member of the Masonic order when this fraternity had a lodge at North Bloomfield. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 9 He was happily married September 22, 1852, to Mary Clark, a native of Bloomfield, and the daughter of Isaac G. and Polly (Bundy) Clark, of Connecticut. Mrs. Snyder died April 19, 1859, leaving one child, Mary Lovira, born April 26, 1853, now Mrs. Herbert F. Griffith, of West Farmington, Ohio. For his second wife, Mr. Snyder married September 19, 1860, Mary J. Bugby, born October 23, 1839, at Orwell, Ashtabula county, Ohio, a daughter of Henry and Paulina (Cook) Bugby. The father was born in October, 1816, in Chautauqua county, New York ; his wife was born November 25, 1818, in Windsor, Ohio. The grandfather Bugby was named Wymand; he was also of New York. Mrs. Snyder's father and mother were Zera and Chloe (Loomis) Cook, natives of Windsor, Connecticut. All of these families were early pioneers in the famous Western Reserve of Ohio. Mrs. Snyder's parents lived on a farm in Ashtabula county, Ohio, where the father died in 1883 and the mother in the spring of 1889. The children born to Mr. Snyder, by his second marriage, are : Elva, Mrs. Elsworth Yoder, of Wymore, Nebraska; Clara V., Mrs. Charles Hollister, of Warren, Ohio, who died February, 1892 ; Gertrude L., Mrs. Samuel S. Marquis, of Detroit, Michigan, and Cyrus Byron, of Baird, Texas. After a short illness Mr. Snyder passed away October 7, 1908, honored and respected by all who knew him, and Trumbull county citizens will long mourn him as one of their most valuable citizens. Mr. Snyder had a horse twenty-eight years old which was a great favorite of his and known all over the country. Being crippled, Mr. Snyder had to use a crutch, but the horse would assist him to mount by sidling up to a stump or rise of ground. She would wait for him on the roadside or field without being hitched all day and night if necessary. Mr. Snyder had become very much attached to her and on his deathbed requested his wife to be good to Dora, which is the horse's name. WHITTLESEY ADAMS, a public and unusually brilliant and successful business man of Warren, Ohio, was born at Warren November 26, 1829, a son of Asael Adams, Jr., and Lucy Mygatt Adams. The father was a prosperous merchant in Warren from 1813 until his death in 1852. He was a director of the Western Reserve Bank and a member of the first town council in 1834. While young, during the war of 1812, for three years he carried the weekly United States mail on horseback from Pittsburg to Cleveland. He taught the first school of a public character in Cleveland in 1804-05. The grandfather, Asael Adams, Sr., was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, September 13, 1754, and was a gallant soldier in the Revolutionary struggle. He emigrated from Connecticut to Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1800, and was a member of the Connecticut Land Company, which owned the whole of the Western Reserve in 1796. He was a charter member of Old Erie Lodge No. 3 (Masonic) of Warren in 1803 and was an original stockholder of the Western Reserve Bank in 1812. Whittlesey Adams was born in a dwelling house that stood where the Franklin block now stands. His father erected the building for a store 10 - HISTORY Of TRUMBULL COUNTY and dwelling about 1814 and occupied it as a general store for a period of about forty years, and for seventy-five years it stood as a landmark in Warren, until replaced by the present Franklin block. Mr. Adams received his education in the schools of Warren, Western Reserve College and Yale College, from which latter institution he graduated in the month of June, 1857. He was admitted to the practice of law, but devoted his entire business career to his chosen field in the fire insurance business, his efforts in this line building up a business which is the most prodigious of any in Ohio. When Whittlesey Adams was born Warren had but four hundred inhabitants, no railroads, and only the daily stage coach and slowly moving. canal boat as a means of public 'travel. Homespun clothing was the garb of all. Today the city has a population of more than fourteen thousand and all the wonderful modern improvements. To give a concise conception of the various changes of Mr. Adams' busy life, some of the many positions which he has so ably filled are enumerated: From 1849 to October, 1852, he was clerk in 'the Warren postoffice; entered Western Reserve College in 1853; was president of the Philozetian Society of that college from 1853 to 1855; graduated from Yale College (University), New Haven, Connecticut, in 1857; was admitted to the bar in Springfield, Ohio, 1860; clerk of the probate court at Warren from October, 1858. until April, 1860 ; was appointed additional paymaster with rank of major, U. S. V., in July, 1864, by President Lincoln; from 1859 to 1868 was Trumbull county school examiner; one of the three examiners for the Western Reserve College in 1867; from 1878 to 1882 was largely interested in the American Cattle Company and Western Cattle Company of Wyoming; was vice-president of the Mutual Fire In-surance Company of Toledo, Ohio. He has been a director in the Miller Table Company, the Warren Paint Company, the Warren Opera House Company, and as a stockholder is interested in the Ohio German Fire Insurance Company of Toledo, the National Union Fire Insurance Com-pany of Pittsburg, the Cleveland-Akron Bag Company of Cleveland, the First National Bank and Dollar Savings Bank of Youngstown, Ohio; also the Union National Bank, Second National Bank, Western Reserve National Bank of Warren, and the Youngstown Foundry & Machine Company of Youngstown, as well as the Bostwick Steel Lath Company of Niles, Ohio, the Peerless Electric Company and the Iddings Company of Warren. Mr. Adams was a member of the firm of McCombs, Smith & Adams, the largest dry goods store in Warren, from March, 1865, to 1869. He has been the executor, administrator and trustee of several estates. In 1857 he established the Adams Fire Insurance Agency in Warren, which now represents twenty-three leading fire insurance companies. He served from 1858 to 1863 as an active member of Neptune Fire Engine Company, also of the Volunteer Fire Department of Warren' was a trustee and treasurer of the Warren Presbyterian Church in 1858-59 and the secretary and treasurer of the Warren and Lake Erie Plank Road Company in 1859-60. In the early sixties he was the regular paid correspondent of 'the Cleveland HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 11 Daily Herald, and later found pleasure in furnishing historical sketches for the two leading newspapers of Warren. In his society affiliations Mr. Adams is a member of the Western Reserve Historical Society of Cleveland, and of the Ohio Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Ohio. He was a trustee of Independence Lodge No. 90, Knights of Pythias, was a charter member of the Knights Templar (Masonic) Lodge of Warren; was also an officer in Old Erie Lodge No. 3 F. & A. M. and Mahoning Chapter, at Warren; charter member of El Zaribah Temple of the Mystic Shrine in 1896, of Phoenix, Arizona. He spent most of the years of 1896, 1898 and 1904 in Arizona and Southern California. Mr. Adams was happily married May 19, 1864, to Miss Margaret S., daughter of Charles Smith, Esq., and wife, of Warren. Charles Smith was a leading and prosperous merchant of Warren for a term of thirty years and the first president of the Trumbull (now Western Reserve) National Bank, from 1864 to his death in 1882. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Adams are : Charles Smith Adams, born February 27, 1866, married July 2, 1908, Miss Jennie Terry; Frederick W. Adams, born February 28, 1868, married August 2, 1892, Miss Ollie Parmiter ; Scott M. Adams, born April 28, 1876. A wonderful record, indeed, is the story of this man's life and activities. His knowledge of the law, especially insurance law, has been of inestimable value to him throughout his career. Notwithstanding he has beets in active business life a half century, and is now seventy-eight years of age, he is still able to attend to his many duties as well as a man of fifty years of age. CHARLES MCCOMBS WILKINS, a practicing attorney, residing at Warren, Ohio, was born in that city February 14, 1865, a son of Robert S. Wilkins, who was born in Champion township, Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1847 and is a resident of Warren. His father, John Wilkins, was a native of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and came to Trumbull county in 1832, locating as a pioneer in Champion township. He was an ardent Republican worker but in early days was a Whig. He was a life-long Presbyterian in church faith. His father came from Ireland to Pittsburg and then on to Ohio prior to 1800, and subsequently returned to Pittsburg. Margaret D. Oakes, mother of Charles M. Wilkins, was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Isaac Oakes. She came to Trumbull county about 1857 and died aged sixty-three years. In this family were born two sons and two daughters, all grown to manhood and womanhood, and three of whom still survive: James G., of Warren; Gertrude, Charles M., Mabel, who died when nineteen years. Charles McCombs Wilkins is the second child and son. He was reared and educated at Warren, Ohio, attending the high school and 12 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Lehigh University. He spent a year and a half in the middle west, being in St. Paul, Minnesota, a part of the time connected with the St. Paul News. He also engaged in the electrical construction business and in 1889 began the study of law, being admitted to the bar in June, 1891, since which time he has been practicing law at Warren. He was city solicitor about four years and in 1902 was elected county prosecuting attorney, and November 3, 1908, was elected on the Republican ticket judge of the Common Pleas Court, second subdivision, ninth district. Mr. Wilkins is a Mason and advanced to the degree of Knight Templar and Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to the Elks, No. 295, and Knights of Pythias No. 90, at Warren. Politically he is a Republican, and during the 1900 national convention he served as a delegate when Roosevelt was nominated for President. He has been chairman and secretary of the county central committee in Trumbull county eight years and secretary and chairman of the county executive committee five years. He was married June 22, 1907, to Fredena Lewis, daughter of Thomas Lewis of Youngstown, Ohio. GIPSON P. GILLMER, city solicitor, elected on Republican ticket prosecuting attorney of Trumbull county and practicing law at Niles, Ohio, was born in Newton township, Trumbull county, July 31, 1872. His father was James A. Gillmer, a native of the same township and born on the same farm in 1841. The grandfather, Alexander Gillmer, supposed to have been horn in Connecticut, was among the early settlers of this county. James A. Gillmer is now a resident of the farm where his mother began housekeeping. His wife's maiden name was Laura A. Byers, a native of Pennsylvania of Holland or "Pennsylvania Dutch" descent. She is still living. This worthy couple were the parents of three sons : David J., now associated with James McGranahan & Sons, lumbermen, at Alliance, Ohio ; William W., residing at Warren, connected with the car builder's trade, and Gipson P. Gillmer, of this notice, the youngest of the family. He was reared on the old homestead in Newton township. His first schooling was in the district where he lived and at Newton Falls high school. Subsequently he attended the Northern Indiana University, at Valparaiso. He graduated in the scientific course in 1898, finishing by a two-year classical course at Waynesburg College, Pennsylvania, at which time he was superintendent of the public schools of that city. He read law with T. H. Gillmer, at Warren, finishing his legal studies at the Cin- cinnati Law School, being admitted to the bar in June, 1903, after which he began practice at Niles in September of that year. In 1905 he was elected solicitor for the city and re-elected in 1907. In 1908 he was nominated by the Republican party for prosecuting attorney. Politically, Mr. Gillmer is a staunch Republican. In fraternal matters he is connected with the Masonic order, being a Knight Templar and Shriner; he also belongs to the Odd Fellows' order and Knights of Pythias. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 13 He was married in 1900 to Maud Ella Kern, daughter of Edwin A. and Dianna (Musser) Kern, of Niles, of which city she is a native. She was the principal of the Latin-English department of the high school at the time of her marriage. Mr. Gillmer is a stockholder of the Dollar Savings Bank, besides being interested in the Niles Car and Manufacturing Company, the Standard Boiler and Plate Iron Company, and other local enterprises at Niles. He has been highly successful, both as a lawyer and a business man. He was well informed on many branches and taught school in Newton township, Newton Falls public school and principal of the Gustavus, Ohio, high schools and principal of the mathematical department of Niles high schools, and was also superintendent of public schools at Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. He was engaged in various callings, all of which have worked together to develop for him a character at once strong and many-sided, he being able to cope with many problems by reason of his excellent attainments. PETER L. WEBB.—Almon D. Webb, the father of Peter L., of this sketch, was one of the early residents of Johnson, Trumbull county. In 1855 Almon D. Webb moved to Warren, where he became identified with the early business interests of that city. He was clerk of the courts, mayor of the city, and did a general office business. He owned much property, among which.was a block now occupied by Byard and Voit, the third floor of which contained the only hall for public amusement. This was called "Webb's Hall," and many people now middle-aged remember attending what seemed to them "marvelous shows" in this hall, and likewise taking part in home entertainments of tableaux, plays and light operas. Mr. Webb was identified with the Presbyterian church, was a member of the building committee when the present church was built, and not only gave financially, but had an oversight of the construction. During the fire of April 30, 1860, which destroyed a large part of the business portion of the city, he saved the old church by climbing onto the roof and directing a "bucket brigade." The roof was afire several times. Mr. Webb's wife was Emily Pitcher, of Norway, Connecticut. She was a lovely character and greatly respected in the community. She died in 1884, ten years after Mr. Webb. The Webb home for many years was on the southeast corner of Vine and High streets and later the house which became the property of Miss Maria Eaton. Mr. and Mrs. Webb had the following children: Amelia (Lyman), Washington P., Jerusha H., Amoretta S., Frances C. and Peter L., who was the second child. Peter L. Webb was educated in the common schools of Warren and entered into the business and social life of the city as soon as he had completed his education. He has spent almost his entire life in this city. From the time the new Opera House was built until a few years ago Mr. Webb managed that in connection with- other business. He was deputy revenue collector for this district for thirteen years. He was president and 14 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY general manager of the Warren Manufacturing Company, is now treasurer of the library board, director in the Peerless Electric Company, director in the hospital board, director of the American Lumber Company, an $8,000,000 lumber corporation located at Albuquerque, New Mexico, and is a, member of the city council. Several years ago he organized the Savings Bank Company, becoming its president. Since the union of that bank with the Western Reserve National Bank, he has not been in active 'business. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. He has been commander of the local G. A. R. and during the Rebellion served several months in Company G, Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteers. He was but a boy and enlisted for six months' service. In 1876 he married Marie Louise Simonson, of Holly, Michigan. They have a pleasant home on Mahoning avenue, although they spend their winters in Florida and travel a great deal throughout the rest of the year. Mr. Webb is the only representative of his family living in this county. His sisters, Amelia, J erusha and Fanny, are deceased. HUGH H. SUTHERLAND.—Coming from the land of sturdy habits, industry and thrift, Hugh H. Sutherland inherited to a marked degree those qualities of mind and character that command success in life, and is now occupying an assured position among the valued citizens of Warren, Trumbull county, where he is a well-known builder and contractor. He was born, December 7, 1858, in Scotland, and there grew to man's estate. In 1882, having previously, in Edinburgh, spent an apprenticeship of five years at the trade of a stonecutter and builder, Mr. Sutherland emigrated to America, and the following four years was employed in the construction of bridges on the Erie Railroad. In 1886, forming a partnership with Watson and Craig, he began his career as a contractor and builder in Warren, and under the firm name of Watson, Craig and Sutherland, carried on a prosperous business until the death of the senior members of the firm in 1904. Since that time Mr. Sutherland has continued the business alone, and in his undertakings has met with signal success, having built up a large patronage in the city and the surrounding country. A man of intelligence and ability, Mr. Sutherland takes an active interest in promoting and advancing the welfare of his adopted town and county, and has never shirked the responsibilities of public office. He is a staunch Republican in politics, an influential member of his party, and served two years on the city council and is now serving his second term as a member of the board of education of Warren. On February 26, 1884, Mr. Sutherland married Annie Sutherland, who was born in Scotland, a daughter of John Sutherland, and who came to this country in 1884. Their union has been blessed by the birth of one child, Marguerite, a graduate of the Warren high school. Fraternally Mr. Sutherland is prominent in Masonic circles, and one of the most active and useful members of the craft, belonging to lodge (past master), chapter (high priest), council and commandery, being past eminent commander. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 15 ANDREW J. LEITCH, M. D., who died on the 7th of May, 1904, was a native of Donegal, Ireland, born January 22, 1848, but when only four years of age he was brought by his parents, Robert and Elizabeth Leitch, to America, the family locating on a farm in the southwestern part of Weathersfield township, 'Trumbull county, Ohio, where Dr. Leitch grew to manhood in the manner of most of the lads of his time and location, working, playing and attending the country schools during a few months of each year. As a young man he entered Hiram College, of which James A. Gar-field was principal, but who then. little dreamed of the future honors await-ing him as the President of the United States. While yet a student in that college young Leitch conceived the idea of becoming a physician, and without remaining for graduation entered the Western Reserve College at Cleveland, Ohio, where he pursued courses in medicine and graduated with the class of 1871. Within a few weeks after his graduation he became a practicing physician at Niles, Ohio, and although at that time just enter-ing the threshold of manhood he was soon in possession of a good practice and within a decade or less he ranked with the ablest in his profession. After practicing in Niles, Mineral Ridge, North Jackson and other points within the southern portion of Trumbull county he retired from the profession in the autumn of 1898 to engage in the iron business. The medical profession of this county had numbered him among its faithful devotees during the long period of twenty-seven years, and his name will long be remembered for the excellent work he accomplished. In company with R. G. Sykes, Dr. Leitch purchased the sheet and galvanizing mill in Hammond, Indiana, but a year and a half later he sold the mill to the United States Steel Corporation. This was just four years prior to his death, and returning to Niles he again identified himself with the manifold industries of the city. He was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank in 1889, ever afterward remaining a stockholder in that institution, and he was its president from 1901 until the time of his death. He was also a stockholder in the Bostwick Steel Lath Plant and at one time its president, and was a director in the Ohio Galvanizing and Manufacturing Company, and treasurer of the Eureka Springs Cattle Company, of Phoenix, Arizona. He was also interested in the Bradshaw China Company, the Niles Car Manufactory and the Standard Electric Works. But however great was his business relations he never neglected his duties as a citizen and filled several local offices with honor and faithfulness. He was made a member of the Niles city council, in which he served in the capacity of treasurer, and was the first president of the board of public safety. Fraternally he was associated with the Masonic order at Niles and Warren, affiliating with the Knights Templar at the latter place and with the Trumbull Council of the Royal Arcanum at Niles. In church faith he was identified with the Presbyterian denomination and was a lover of its sacred institutions. His life, although short in duration, was replete with good deeds toward his fellow men, and he was known and hon- Vol. II-2 16 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY ored for his loyalty to home and native land. He died of paralysis at ten o'clock on Saturday evening of May 7, 1904. He was married in 1881, at Niles, to Ella M. Ward, and they became the parents of the following children : Harriet E., Isabella, Florence E., Alma G., Robert Andrew, and Paul Ward. Harriet, the eldest, is a graduate of the Niles high school, the Rayen school of Youngstown, and of Smith College at Northampton, Massachusetts, where she studied for four years. Isabella graduated at the Rayen school and then attended the Emma Willard school, in Troy, New York. She also graduated from the Pittsburg Kindergarten College, and is now connected with the Pittsburg Kindergarten Association in that city. Florence, after graduating from the Rayen school in Youngstown, attended the Rye Seminary, at Rye, New York, where she pursued a musical course. Alma is now attending Oberlin College, Robert is at Hiram College and Paul is at home. All of the children received their early educational training in the Niles public schools. Mrs. Leitch was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, a daughter of Volney and Eliza Ann (McCombs) Ward. She received her educational training in the graded and high schools of Warren, and at the Poland Union Seminary, and taught both in Niles and in Warren. HON. ROLLIN A. COBB, a leader in the business and industrial life of Warren and a prominent Republican in this section of Ohio, is a native of Jamestown, New York, born on the 2nd of December, 1852. His father, Norval B. Cobb, was also born in that town, where he was reared and educated, migrating westward in 1860 and locating in the West Mecca oil district of Trumbull county. There he engaged in the oil business until his retirement in 1873, when he returned to Jamestown, where he passed the balance of his life, dying at the age of fifty-six. The mother, known before marriage as Amelia M. Lord, was a native of England, her father coming to the United States when she was eighteen years of age and settling with other members of the family at Busti, Chautauqua county, New York. Mrs. Norval B. Cobb died at the age of sixty-four, the mother of Rollin A. and Willis H. Cobb, a resident of Jamestown. The Cobb family is of good New England stock, the paternal grandfather, Adam B. Cobb, being a native of Vermont and in his mature life became an early settler of Jamestown, New York. Rollin A. Cobb was eight years of age when his parents removed from Jamestown to the oil fields of Trumbull county, and he received all the education which he has ever imbibed from regular school teachers at what was known as the Red school house of district No. 2, at Mecca. At the age of nineteen years he located at Warren, his first employment there being as a clerk in the drug store of H. G. Stratton and Company, in which firm he afterward became a partner. He was also an independent proprietor in the business at various points. In 1881 he removed to Alliance, but disposing of his store there, returned to Warren and became identified with The Winfield Manufacturing Company, of which he was secretary HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 17 and treasurer for twenty-five years and with which he is still associated as a director, vice-president and leading stockholder. He is also vice-president and director of The Western Reserve Furniture Company, president and director of The Enterprise Electric Company and vice-president of The Union National Bank. Outside of his large and expanding industrial and financial interests, Mr. Cobb is prominent in the field of Republican politics, for several years past having greatly extended his influence in public affairs. His nomination for representative to the state legislature from Trumbull county in 1908 is evidence positive of the above statement. In strictly local matters he is also active in fraternal and charitable circles; in Masonry he has reached the Knight Templar degree, and is secretary and treasurer of the Warren City Hospital Association, of which he is also a trustee. In 1879 Mr. Cobb was united in marriage to Miss Lucy P. Stiles, daughter of William R. Stiles, of Warren, to whom have been born William S., Norval H. and Elizabeth A. Cobb. ORRIS R. GRIMMESEY, one of the founders of the Winfield Manufacturing Company, was born in Salem, Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1856. The Grimmesey family originally came from England, though some generations ago it moved to Ireland. John W. Grimmesey, the father of Orris, who was born in Ireland, came to America when he was two years old, while Lucinda Painter, the mother, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio. Mrs. Grimmesey's grandparents, who were of the Society of Friends and of English descent, removed from Virginia to Columbiana county in 1802. John W. and Lucinda Painter Grimmesey had six children, three of whom reached adult age and now live in Warren. They are Amanda C., wife of W. C. Winfield ; Hiram F., assistant superintendent of the Winfield Manufacturing Company, and Orris R., who is the youngest of the three. The parents of Orris R. Grimmesey went to live in Cass county, Michigan, when he was about seven years old, remaining there nearly two years, when they returned to Salem. They later moved to Alliance. He was educated at the schools in Salem, Ohio, Dowagiac, Michigan, Alliance, Ohio, and attended Mount Union College. When his studies were completed he learned the sheet metal trade. In 1880 he engaged in business at Findlay, Ohio, manufacturing architectural sheet metal work. The firm name was Porch & Grimmesey. In a year's time he sold his interest and went to Kansas City, Missouri, where he stayed but six months. Coming east he settled in Warren, engaging in the manufacturing of sheet metal specialties, in company with his brother-in-law, W. C. Winfield. Under this partnership the business grew and an incorporated company was organized, of which he was made vice-president. He was superintendent of this, the Winfield Manufacturing Company, for about ten years, and acted as sales agent twelve years, his territory being between Colorado and Maine. Mr. Grimmesey retired from active participation in the workings of this company in 1904, but is still a stockholder and one of the directors. 18 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY He is interested in other lines of manufacturing and a large owner of real estate in Warren and elsewhere. His best known property is the Park Hotel building. He is a member of the Masonic order, a member of Commandery degree, a member of the I. O. O. F., the Elks and the United Commercial Travelers. In politics he is a Republican. For twenty-seven years Mr. Grimmesey has been identified with the interests of the city, and has made for himself a place among men, and although he has been successful in the generally accepted sense, his real character showed itself in his devotion to his mother during her last years and in the interest he has taken in his nieces. To them he has been an older brother and friend. TIMOTHY W. CASE.—Worthy of especial mention in a work of this character is Timothy W. Case, a venerable and highly esteemed citizen of Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, distinguished not only for his own life work, but from the honored ancestry from which he traces his descent. He is of English origin, the descendant of one of the early settlers of New England, and comes of Revolutionary stock, the blood of some of the noblest families of Connecticut and Massachusetts flowing through his veins. A son of Salmon Case, he was born March 1, 1827, in Ashtabula village, Ashtabula county, Ohio. He is a descendant in the sixth generation of John Case, the immigrant ancestor, the line of descent being as follows: John (1), Richard (2), Sergeant Richard (3), Timothy (4), Salmon (5), and Timothy Wells (6). John Case (1) with his father and two brothers, Thomas and William, fled from England to Holland, thence to America, the father dying at sea. John married, first, Sarah, daughter of William Spencer, of Hartford, Connecticut, about 1657, and about 1667 removed from Windsor to Massacoe, now Simsbury, Connecticut. His first wife died November 3, 1691, aged fifty-five years, and he married, second, Elizabeth, widow of Nathaniel Loomis, of Windsor, Conn., and daughter of John Moore. On October 14, 1669, John Case was appointed constable for Massacoe, being the first to hold the office in that place, and served for some time. He died February 21, 1704, and his wife died at Windsor July 23, 1728, aged ninety years. His nine children were all by his first wife. Richard Case (2), born August 27, 1669, married Amy Reed. Sergeant Richard Case (3), born in 1710, died in 1769. He married Mercy Holcomb, who was born in 1712, and died in 1780. About 1737 he moved with his family to West Simsbury, being among the original householders of that place. Timothy Case (4), the youngest child in a family of eleven children, was born in 1759, and died in 1850. He served as a private in the Revolutionary war, after which he resided in* Simsbury, Connecticut, for many years. Subsequently removing to Massachusetts, he lived in Otis, Berkshire county, until 1823. Coming then to Ohio, he spent the remaining years of his long life in Andover, Ashtabula county, passing away at the venerable HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 19 age of ninety-two years. He was a man of fine physique, six feet six inches tall, and well proportioned. When last seen by his Pennsylvania grandchildren, about two years before his death he wore his hair braided in a long queue and dressed in old colonial style, his long silk stockings and silver knee buckles being especially admired by them. He was very proud of the fact that he could read without glasses. He taught school in colonial days, alternating between Simsbury and Hartford for a number of terms, keeping his .accounts in pounds, shillings and pence. Timothy Case (4) married Esther Brown, who was born in 1762 and died in 1838. She was a Mayflower descendant, being a direct descendant of Peter Brown, who came from Holland in the Mayflower and died at Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1635, the line of descent being thus traced: Peter (1) : Peter (2), born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1632, died in Windsor, Connecticut, March 9, 1692, married Mary Gillette; John (3), born January 8, 1668, married Elizabeth Loomis; John (4), born in Wind-sor in 1700, died in 1790, married Mary Eggleston; Capt. John (5), born November 4, 1728, married Hannah Owen and died in New York Septem-ber 2, 1776, while serving in the Revolutionary war as a member of the Eighteenth Regiment of Connecticut Militia; and Esther (6), who married Timothy Case. Capt. John Brown, "Oassawatomie," of Harper's Ferry fame. was her brother. Salmon Case (5) was born in Otis, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, April 2, 1797 and came with the family to Ashtabula county, Ohio, in 1823. The following year, on September 16, 1824, Ile married Mary Cadwell, who was born in Hartford, Connecticut, May 22, 1807, a daughter of Roger and Caroline (Wells) Cadwell, and died December 14, 1887, in Andover, Ashtabula county, Ohio. Nine children were born of their union, namely: Bolivar, born July 11, 1825, died October 11, 1894; Timothy Wells, of this sketch; Julia, born February 10, 1829, died September 18, 1832: Mary, born April 21, 1831, died October 6, 1874; Salmon, born April 2, 1833, died April 13, 1833: Angeline, born April 25, 1834, died January 1, 1835; Edward, born January 2, 1836, resides in Andover, Ohio: Martha, born November 8, 1838, died February 23, 1839; and Lucia, born February 17, 1840, lives in Andover, Ohio. Attending first the common schools of Ashtabula, Timothy W. Case received his academical education in Conneaut and Kingsville, Ashtabula county, and subsequently began his business career as clerk in a store. In 1848 he came to Trumbull county, locating in Brookfield, where, in 1852, he started in business on his own account, in partnership with his brother-in-law, A. L. Byers, opening a general store. Building up a trade that amounted to 100,000 annually, he continued in mercantile pursuits in Brookfield until 1867, when the partnership was dissolved. Moving to Girard in 1868, Mr. Case, in company with others, organized the Girard Rolling Mill Company, with which he was connected as secretary and treas-urer until 1873. Since coming to Warren Mr. Case has been practically' retired from business pursuits, devoting his time and attention to his personal interests, and is now enjoying all the comforts of modern life at 20 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY his home, No. 229 East Market street. He has been active in public matters, in 1877 having been elected treasurer of Trumbull county, on the Republican ticket, and re-elected in 1879, serving in that capacity four years. He also served four years as deputy auditor under Captain Wallace, and as deputy treasurer for four years, running the office of A. Rogers, the treasurer, making twelve years in all that he spent in the Trumbull county court house. On October 9, 1851, Mr. Case married Ada Byers, who was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Ebenezer Byers, an early settler of Brookfield, Trumbull county. She died April 13, 1908, at Eureka, Arkansas, and was buried in Oakwood Cemetery, Warren, Ohio. For sixty years Mr. Case has been a resident of Trumbull county, and has been conspicuously identified with its best interests, generously using his influence to promote the public welfare. He is an earnest supporter of the Republican party, and in religious matters is a valued and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. JOHN H. ADGATE, florist, with office at No. 34 Main street, Warren, Ohio, with residence and greenhouses on South Pine street, is a native of Trumbull county, born in what is now the Detention Hospital on the old Adgate homestead, October 12, 1851, a son of Hoover M. Adgate, a native of Howland township, Trumbull county, who was reared, educated and married in this county and lived there all of his life, being engaged extensively in the manufacture of brick and tile. Among other buildings which he furnished the brick for was the old Austin House and Detention Hospital, at one time the old Gaskill Hotel. In his political views he was always a loyal Republican. He died at the age of seventy years. He was the son of John Adgate, a native of Connecticut, who went to Trumbull county, Ohio, at an early day, when so many went west from New England and planted a colony there. The mother of John H. Adgate, of this notice, was Matilda Baldwin, daughter of Jacob Baldwin, a prominent politician and office holder in the early days in Trumbull county's history, serving as judge of probate at one time. Mrs. Adgate was born in Trumbull county, and reached the age of seventy-two years. She was the mother of six children, of whom three still survive: Flora, wife of George Vanwye, of Denver, Colorado; Charles L., residing in Niles, Ohio, and John H., who is the second son and second child in the family. He was reared in sight of Warren, and saw the town grow from a village to its present goodly proportions. He received his education at the grammar school of Warren, remaining at home until he reached his majority, when he went forth into the world to do battle and win success, if possible, for himself. After his marriage in 1874, to Ella F. Mann, he engaged in the trucking business and cultivated about fifteen acres of land, doing a good market gardening business. He built a house in Warren, on the old Samuel Freeman estate, locating on the same in 1888, at which time he engaged in the business of a florist, HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 21 continuing alone until about 1901, when his son became a partner, and the business was then known as Adgate & Son. The family of John IL Adgate consists of three children: Frank, Cora and Ida. With the exception of a year spent in Texas, Mr. Adgate has resided in Trumbull county all his life, living ten years at Niles. He is widely known and esteemed throughout the communities wherein he has resided. The son and partner in the business, Frank Adgate, was born in the city of Warren, July 21, 1875, and obtained his education in the most excellent public schools of that city, after which he became head clerk in the grocery store of John A. Fuller, with whom he remained seven years. He continued to manage the affairs of this business until he formed the partnership which now exists between his father and himself. He is active in public affairs, and, at present, is the committeeman from the Fourth ward in the city. Politically, he is an avowed Republican, in which party he sees the greatest good for the greatest number. He belongs to the Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias, Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the U. C. T., of Warren, being quite active in each of these fraternities. He married Maggie Johnson, daughter of Samuel Johnson and wife, of Ashtabula county, Ohio, where she was born. GEN. EMERSON OPDYKE was the youngest son of Albert and Elizabeth (Harmon) Gilson Opdyke, and was born on his father's farm in Hubbard township, Trumbull county, January 7, 1830. His father had served in the war of 1812, while his grandfather (also Albert) was a captain of New Jersey militia in the Revolutionary war, being a great-grandson of Johannes Louwrensen Opdyck, who removed from Long Island to West Jersey in 1697. On his mother's side he was descended from John Harman, who was settled at Springfield, Massachusetts, as early as 1644. In the boy's seventh year his family removed from Hubbard to the new country of Williams county, Ohio, where he remained with his father until he reached the age of seventeen. He then returned to Trumbull county, engaging in business and living with his married sister at Warren. During the gold fever he twice visited the Pacific coast. In 1857 he married Lucy Wells, the youngest daughter of Benjamin Stevens, of Warren, and settled in that place, a town of much intellectual activity.. Garrison and Emerson occasionally lectured there, and book clubs and debating societies were zealously maintained. Under these favoring conditions the period of the young man's life that immediately preceded the Civil war was one of important growth. On the news of Bull Run, he at once enlisted as a private with enthusiasm, and served throughout the struggle. His intimate letters give proof that the cause was to him a holy one, and even, in the dull routine, the weariness, the privations and the excitement of war, he remained mindful of the great principles that were fought for, and glad at being able to aid in their establishment. 22 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY After a month spent in recruiting work, he was mustered into the service in August, 1861, as first lieutenant of .the company that he had been largely instrumental in raising, and passed the next four months in various camps of instruction. His colonel, Hazen, had been a teacher at West Point, and formed the regimental officers into a class, in which Lieutenant Opdyke held first rank. Such was his success in military studies that he was soon detailed to drill the officers of the brigade to which he belonged, and in January, 1862, he received commission as captain of his company in the Forty-first Ohio. At Shiloh, in the following April, Captain Opdyke acted as major of the Forty-first, and led an important charge of the regiment, carrying its colors in person, and receiving two slight wounds. In this action the regiment lost more than one-third of its number, and its charge was publicly complimented by the commander of the army. Upon orders from the governor of Ohio, Captain Opdyke recruited a new regiment, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio, and was mustered in as its colonel January 1, 1863. At Chickamauga a charge of his regiment, and later in the day its maintenance of an exposed position, were of vital importance. At Missionary Ridge his demi-brigade was among the first commands to reach the crest. He rendered special service at Rockyface Ridge and Resaca, where he was dangerously wounded, and commanded a brigade from August, 1864, to the end of the war. At Franklin, when the National line had been disastrously broken by Hood's assault, Colonel Opdyke voluntarily charged his brigade from reserve into the gap and saved the day. He took part also in the battle of Nashville and in the subsequent pursuit to the Tennessee river commanded a division in Texas, resigned from the service in January, 1866, and received commission as major-general of volunteers by brevet, to date from the battle of Franklin. Always setting before himself a high standard of duty, he was not lax in his requirements of others; but he was exceptionally popular with those who fought under him, and soldiers who had complained of his severity as a disciplinarian gladly acknowledged after their first battle that they were able to keep together under fire only by force of the habits resulting from his drill. He was ever watchful for the comfort and welfare of his men. After the war he removed to New York City and became a member of a large wholesale dry goods firm ; but the last years of his life were chiefly devoted to the study of the Civil war, upon which subject he published several monographs. He died April 25, 1884, being survived by his widow and by an only son, Leonard Eckstein Opdyke, who has since married. and become the father of two children : Leonard and Mary Ellis. General Opdyke was of an unusually happy disposition. He easily made friends and seldom lost them. In person he was tall, handsome, of erect carriage, and quick in movement. A brighter smile and a heartier laugh than his are rarely met. He had a rich bass voice, and as a young man was very fond of singing. At the time of his death his hair was hardly HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 23 touched with gray, and he preserved to an unusual degree his youthful elasticity of mind and body. His remains are buried at Warren. SAMUEL J. HARSHMAN, farmer of Weathersfield township, Trumbull county, was born in Southington township, April 20, 1847. His father, George W. Harshman, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, where he lived until March 1, 1836. when he accompanied his parents to Trumbull county, Ohio, at which date he was twelve years of age. George W. Harshman was born February 2, 1824, the son of Jacob and Elizabeth Harshman, who were of German descent. He spent forty-four years of his life in Lordstown township. He received his education at the public schools of Trumbull county and like many another pioneer of Ohio, was a. graduate from the school of "hard knocks." When a young man he hired out to chop wood for a man who had taken the contract to cut off a hundred acres of timber and Mr. Harshman received his wages in store goods. He worked twenty-four days and received a. pair of pants, a vest and a hat ribbon. He was also a grain cradler and cut four acres of heavy wheat in one day, receiving one dollar for his services. In those early times mowing was all accomplished by means of a scythe and raking by hand. Mr. Harshman did his full share of such laborious work. de united with the Methodist Episcopal church in 1847 and served in dif-ferent church offices, including steward, trustee, recording steward and class-leader. He was for sixty-one years a follower of the Master. In his eightieth year he visited the Pacific coast, going to his son at Seattle, Washington. He was a pronounced Democrat in his politics, having voted for old Zachary Taylor in 1848. Mr. Harshman was elected assessor for six years and was land appraiser for two years. In the offices of clerk and treasurer, he served for a quarter of a century. He died June 28, 1908. He was married to Susanna Jones, daughter of Samuel Jones and wife, of Mount Union, Ohio. Eleven children were the result of this union: Levi A., who now resides in Monroe county, Michigan; Samuel J., of this biography; Lucius J., living in Warren, Ohio; George E., near Sharon, Pennsylvania; Miranda, who married John Callahan, living in Lordstown; Sarah Eveline, who died in infancy ; Ida M., who died at the age of two years; Charles W., now of Carlton, Ohio, is a Methodist minis-ter: Elwood: F., now of Seattle, Washington; Ulysses S., living at Warren, Ohio; and Almond G., of Angola, Indiana. Of the eight boys of this fam-ily seven were unusually successful school teachers. Samuel J. Harshman, son of George W., just referred to as the father of this interesting family, was educated in the public schools of Lordstown township, where he was graduated. He has been successfully engaged in farming throughout his entire life, but taught school in the winter months, in Weathersfield, Lordstown, Warren, Champion and Bristol townships; also three terms in Monroe county, Michigan. He was a successful teacher in all of the schools just enumerated. Since the period of his school teaching he has given his undivided attention to the work and general interests 24 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY of his farm, which consists of one hundred and thirty-three acres. In his political views he is a stanch defender of the general principles of the Democratic party. He was elected assessor of Warren township and at one time was a member of the school board in Weathersfield. When the Good Templars order was flourishing he was a member of that society. He belongs to the Christian church, having served for a number of years as an elder. Mr. Harshman was married March 30, 1870, to Alice Park, a stepdaughter of John B. Park. She was of English descent. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Harshman are : Cora M., who married A. C. Earnest and now resides at home; Clyde, married Maude Segar, and lives in Weathers-field township ; Harry, at home. FRANKLIN MOORE RITEZEL, editor and proprietor of the Western Reserve Chronicle and the Warren Daily Chronicle, the only son of William and Annie E. Ritezel, was born in Washington. Pennsylvania, February 15, 1853. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Warren, supplemented by a course at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1875. His first editorial experience was obtained on the Akron Daily Beacon, from the staff of which he retired in 1877 to enter the firm of William Ritezel and Company, of Warren. Instrumental in establishing the Warren Daily Chronicle, he imbued it with his spirit of progressiveness and at once demonstrated an ability to overcome obstacles, great or small. That both the daily and weekly editions of the Chronicle have achieved such success and are alive to the demands of the times, is due, in a large measure, to his indefatigable enterprise and executive ability. In the organization of the Republican party in Trumbull county, Mr. Ritezel has served continuously since attaining his majority, occupying the positions of chairman, secretary and committeeman. He virtually was at the head of the campaign in this county in 1896, when Major McKinley was the presidential candidate, and his untiring efforts resulted in this county polling the largest Republican vote in the state. Mr. Ritezel was postmaster at Warren from 1892 to 1896, having been appointed by President Harrison. There were nine applicants for the position and it was agreed among themselves that the candidate receiving a majority should be the one for recommendation. It was a two days' contest. The first day Mr. Ritezel lacked but a few necessary votes ; and the second day he was overwhelmingly successful. His administration of affairs during his four years' charge of the office was very satisfactory, and he succeeded in influencing the government to make several needed changes, which were much appreciated by the patrons. In fraternal society circles Mr. Ritezel, of this sketch, is especially prominent. He is a representative of the Grand Lodge of the Knights of Pythias, has been affiliated with Independence Lodge. of Warren, for thirty consecutive years, five years as grand trustee and one year as special