HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 175 the same state, who became a pioneer in Columbiana county. After residing there a number of years, he moved to Champion township, Trumbull county, where he died at an advanced age. His wife was Hannah Swan. Simeon Kelley was a natural mechanic, but never learned a trade. Ho came from Columbiana county to Trumbull county, purchasing a farm in the western part of Champion township, where he lived and finally died, at the age of eighty-three years. His wife's maiden name was Elizabeth Oswalt, born in Pennsylvania, a daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Plumb) Oswalt. She died at the age of seventy-two years. She was the mother of six children : Mary, Jacob, Samantha, Elizabeth, Delila and David. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert are: Henry and Almen. Henry married Flora Cook and they have three children: Vaughn, Hiram and Walter. Almen married Grace Fansler and has five children: Joseph, Calvin, Ward, Agnes and Kent. CHARLES W. TYLER.—Numbered among the oldest and most highly re-spected residents of Trumbull county is Charles W. Tyler, a prominent citizen of Warren, who is widely and favorably known as an upright, honest man, f sterling worth and character. The descendant of a New England family of prominence, he was born October 10, 1828, in Griswold, New London county, Connecticut, which was also the birthplace of his father, Thomas S. Tyler, and his grandfather, John Tyler. His great-grandfather, Brigadier General John Tyler, was an officer in the war of the Revolution. His earlier commissions were lieutenant in the Colonial troops, 1752, and captain in 1764. The general died July 4, 1804, aged 83. The maiden name of the wife of Thomas S. Tyler was Dolly Cogswell, born in New London county, of English ancestry, a daughter of John Cogswell, Jr., and granddaughter of John Cogswell, Sr., natives of Connecticut. The five children born f their union all grew to years of maturity and three are now living: one in California and one besides Charles W. in Ohio. The second son of the parental household, Charles W. Tyler was brought up and educated in his New England home, attending the common schools f Griswold and the Plainfield Academy and after teaching three terms near his old home came in the spring of 1850 to Ohio at the age of twenty-one years; worked on a farm in Hartford, this county, during the summer, attended school at the Hartford Academy, then superintended by Professor John Lynch; taught the advance classes in the Hartford district school the winter of 1850-51; returned to Warren in the spring f 1851 in the employ of Calvin G. Sutliff and commenced touring the county on horseback with a view to turning the old book accounts f M. and C. G. Sutliff, attorneys, into cash. The collections required some attention before justices of the peace and were continued about a year and a half in 1851-2, with headquarters in the office of the firm of Sutliff and Hutchins, attorneys. Mr. Sutliff's death occurred February 2, 1852, and late in the same season Mr. Tyler returned to his home in Connecticut and on December 20, sailed from New York for San Francisco, arriving there early Vol. II-12 176 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY in 1853. Without very much delay Mr. Tyler engaged in the book and stationery business in San Francisco, in which he continued until his re-turn to Ohio in 1863. On January 28, 1863, Mr. Tyler married Mrs. Hannah (Bennett) Sutliff, widow f Calvin G. Sutliff, and remained at the Sutliff home on Elm street till they moved into the house Mr. Tyler built on Park avenue in 1872, where he now lives. In 1864-5 Mr. Tyler was assistant to Colonel W. H. Hutchins, paymaster in the army and stationed at different places ; mainly at Washington, Buffalo and San Francosco, with occasional trips to army headquarters in the field. Mr. Tyler was county surveyor nine years (1872-81), and has continued the work f his profession and choice to this time. Airs. Tyler died August 24, 1886, and on October 3, 1888, Mr. Tyler married Miss Abbie L. Carpenter, daughter of the late Judge James S. Carpenter, f Akron. SAMUEL H. BAILEY, an extensive farmer and stock raiser, of Lordstown township, was born in Canfield township, Mahoning county, Ohio, August 17, 1837, a son f Henry Bailey, born in Pennsylvania in 1811. The grandfather was Jacob Bailey, a native of the last mentioned state, who went to Ohio accompanied by his family, making the journey with teams and carrying all the earthly possessions they had. Members f the family walked nearly all of the way. There he bought land and engaged in farming in Canfield township. He resided there many years, spending his last days among his children in Lordstown, Trumbull county. He died at the age of eighty-three years. The maiden name f his wife, who died in Canfield township, Mahoning county, Ohio, was Catherine Kistler, a native of Pennsylvania. Henry Bailey was a lad in his teens, when he came to Ohio; he remained with his parents until 1843, when he went to Lordstown township and bought a tract f land which was about half cleared from trees and had a log house on it. Hove the family lived in the log cabin several years, till a frame building was provided. In those days Henry Bailey used to keep sheep and raised flax, and from these two sources the mother would card and spin the yarn from which the "homespun" cloth, which the father wove, was made. In this manner the family was provided with substantial clothing. Here the father lived and labored until overtaken by death when eighty-six years old. He spent the last few years of his life with his son, Samuel H., of this sketch. Leah Baker, wife of Henry Bailey, was born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Philip and Elizabeth (Slaybach) Baker, natives of Pennsylvania. Philip Baker was a pioneer of Warren township, Trumbull county, Ohio, in which section he cleared up a farm, remained until the death of his wife, after which for a short time, he resided in Lordstown. He died aged seventy-five years, while his good wife died at the age of seventy years. This worthy and venerable couple reared four children. Those living are, Samuel H. and Mary. She first married William Keefer, HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 177 who met his death by lightning, and for her second husband, she married Levi Wannamaker, and she is now the wife of John Howard. Amos, the second child, died when about twenty-four years, and Andrew died aged five years. Samuel H. Bailey was reared in Lordstown, and was an apprenticed carpenter, serving three years, then went into such work on his own ac-count, following it for many years. The barns and fine residences one sees scattered here and there in his county, are specimen of his handicraft. After about twenty years he retired from his trade and devoted his time to farming. He purchased a farm in 1870, on which stood a log house, where his family lived about two years, when a better house was provided. This constitutes his present comfortable farm home, of one hundred and twenty-two acres, which he has finely improved and well stocked and equipped with good buildings. Mr. Bailey was married, December 29, 1859, to Sarah Keefer, born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, Ohio, October 8, 1839, a daughter of Jacob Keefer, a native of Pennsylvania, and a pioneer of Liberty township. He farmed until the death of his wife, after which he resided with Mr. and Mrs. Bailey for four years, then returned to Liberty township and lived with his son for a time and later with his daughter, Mrs. Nier of Wood county, Ohio, until his death, at the age of eighty-seven years. His wife (Mrs. Bailey's mother) was Rebecca Nier, born in Pennsylvania and died on the farm in Liberty township. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Bailey: Celestia Ann, Odelia S., Sarah M., Alven S., Charlotte E., Charles E. Chauncey W., Perry C. and Walter S. Celestia A. married Stephen A. Kistler and they have six children—Nettie C., Charles Ernest, Theodore, Lela and Lila (twins). Odelia married John Sinn, whose four children are Edward H., .Mabel, Earl and Wade. Sarah married Wallace Paul and their issue is Henry and Mabel. Alven married Olie Lawrence and they have five children—Talma, Lawrence, Howard, Floyd and Aythur. Charlotte married Nelson Kin̊. and has Harold N. and Esther. Charles E. married Della DeCamp, alid has one child, Bessie. Chauncey married Emma Wider and has two children—Ralph and Virginia. Perry married Mabel Bailey and has Pearl and Vernie. Walter married Catherine Stittle, has one child Seymore. Mr..and Mrs. Samuel H. Bailey are members of the Reformed church. WILLIAM OHL.--..A. retired farmer living at Warren, is a native of Lordstow-n township, Trumbull county, born May 2, 1842. His father, Charles Ohl, was a native of Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, born June 14, 1807, and he was the son of Michael Ohl, born in the same county in 1783. The last named was a son of Henry Ohl, a native of Lehigh county, Penn-sylvania, born 1762, and from the best information now at hand Henry was the son of Michael, who was a lifelong resident of Lehigh county. Henry Ohl went to Ohio to make his home with his son Michael and died at Ohltown, September 7, 1849. His wife's maiden name was Abbie Lark. 178 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY The grandfather, Michael Ohl, was reared and married in Lehigh county and went to Ohio in 1808, being one f the hardy pioneers at Austintown, Mahoning county. He resided there a few years, then went to Weathersfield township where he purchased land and laid out the town of Ohltown. By trade, he was a cooper and followed it nearly all f his life. After locating Ohltown, he erected a grist mill and an oil mill, operating both himself. He also kept a hotel. He remained there until his death, April 21, 1857. His wife's name was Eva Meyers. Charles Ohl, the father f William Ohl, learned the millwright's trade, and equipped mills at Ohltown, 'Warren, Cortland, Leavitsburg and the Baldwin Mills in Youngstown, as well as mills at many other points. This trade he followed throughout his entire life, practically. When he was a young man he bought a tract f timber land in the southeastern part f Lordstown township and hired others to improve the same, while he was at work at his trade, which brought him in more money. He had the land cleared and good buildings erected thereon. The first residence he built there was burned. He spent his days on that farm, as his real home place, dying in 1896, aged almost eighty-nine years. His wife's maiden name was Elizabeth Robb. Her father, John Robb, was a Pennsylvanian, who became a pioneer in Berlin and there resided several years, spending his last years in Lordstown and Niles. His wife's maiden name was Painter. William Ohl's mother died in 1873, having reared six children : Hiram, Laura, William, Lucy, John Alice, deceased. The genealogical line to the present, as above shown, runs thus : (1) Michael Ohl; the great-great-grandfather ; (2) Henry Ohl, the great-grandfather ; (3) Michael Ohl, the grandfather ; (4) Charles Ohl, the father ; (5) William Ohl, of this sketch. William Ohl was reared and educated in his native township, and in the month f October, 1861, enlisted in Company H, Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, among the "three years men" called out by President Lincoln, to suppress the rebellion in the southern states of this Union. He was with his regiment through all of its marches and campaigns and important battles, including Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Black River, and also at the siege and capture f Vicksburg; was with Sherman on his famous "March to the Sea," and at the capture of Atlanta. He was stricken with typhoid fever after the battle f Fort Donelson, and was sent to St. Louis, Missouri, where he remained in the hospital until recovery. He was honorably discharged from the army November 8, 1864, at Chattanooga, and returned home. He then worked for his father -two years and then purchased a thirty-acre farm adjoining his father's and worked that until 1872, then went to Austintown township, Mahoning county, locating on his father-in-law's farm, where he remained until 1889, then purchased his father's farm —the old homestead—in Lordstown township and resided there until 1903, when he sold out and went to Warren and there bought a house and retired from active labors. He was married, in 1867, to Eliza J. Maurer, born in Austintown HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 179 township, Mahoning county, Ohio, a daughter of John and Lucy (Buck) Maurer, of Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. Mrs. Ohl died October 8, 1881, and for his second wife Mr. Ohl married, November 15, 1883, Irene Kennedy, born in Bazetta township, November 18, 1849. Her father was Thomas Kennedy, born in Pennsylvania, a son of Samuel and Jane Kennedy. The father, Thomas Kennedy, went to Ohio with his parents, who settled in Howland township and there resided until his marriage, then moved to Bazetta township, where he was engaged in farming until his death. The mother's maiden name was Phebe Casterline, born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and. she died at her farm home. She reared five children : Parmelia, Philender, Adelia, Irene and Lucy. By Mr. Ohl's first marriage were born: Ida A., Alvah M. and Charles F., an attorney at Youngstown, Ohio. Ida married Lewis Young and has children : 'William, Laverne, Lamar and Arthur. Alvah M., married Nellie Clinite. Mr. and Mrs. Ohl are members f the United Brethren church. Politically, Mr. Ohl is a supporter of the Republican party. He belongs to the Grand of the Republic, Bell-Harmon Post. PRESTON ROBERT HARBLERODE, a farmer well known in Champion township, Trumbull county, has spent his entire life (except a short period) in that part f the county. He was born July 20, 1848. His father, Henry Harklerode, was a native of Ellsworth township, Mahoning county, Ohio, a son of a native of Connecticut who became a pioneer in Trumbull county, and bought a tract of timber land, hewing a farm from out the dense forest and spending the remainder of his days there, reaching an advanced age. Henry Harklerode, the father, received his education in Ellsworth, and when a young man, he went to Champion township and purchased timber land in the northeast part f the township, which was at that time nothing but a wilderness. There in the solitude of the Ohio forests, he erected a log cabin in which he and his brother kept bachelor's hall for a time, and each Saturday walked home to Ellsworth, returning Mondays. At that date, deer and wild turkeys were very numerous in that section, and as he was an expert marksman, he always feasted on plenty of the choicest of wild game. For a number of years 'he had no horses and did his work about the farm with oxen. Upon his marriage, he brought his bride to his log cabin and for two years this cabin was their abiding place. On his clearing, he raised flax and his wife used to card and spin and weave cloth with which she neatly clothed her children. This has almost come to be a lost art in these days of fast flying shuttles and factories with their tens of thousands of rapidly moving spindles. For years they had no stove, but cooked by fireplaces, bright and cheerful. No lamps illuminated their dingy rooms, but in the place of modern lamps and electricity, the good pioneer was content with some lard within a saucer provided with a rag, which served as a wick. This, with the flickering light from the fireplace, lighted up the cabin home of the parents of Preston R. 180 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY in that long ago day. Here the hard working father cleared up a farm from the great forests, and here he labored, lived and died, age eighty-two years. His wife was Mary Rose, a native of Milton township, Mahoning county, Ohio, and she was the mother of six children: Nancy Ann, Almira, Preston R., Laura, Warren and Oscar. Mary Rose was the daughter of Robert Rose, a native of New England, who became a pioneer of pioneers in Wilton township. He served in the war of 1812. He purchased lands in Milton township. He had a large family and while clearing his land up he had to work for others to gain means with which to support his family. He worked nights many times, in burning the timber, after having walked four miles from his daily toil. There he worked and finally conquered his forest tract and made for himself and family a comfortable home. His last years were spent with a son in Berlin township. He died at the remarkable old age of one hundred and two years, his remains being buried in the Eiches Cemetery, near his old homestead in Milton township. His life and labors only proves that "more men rust out than wear out." The maiden name f his wife was Catherine Shafe. She died aged eighty-one years. Preston R. Harklerode was reared and educated in Champion town-ship and, with the exception f two years spent in Bristol, has spent hi entire life in his native township. In 1870 he settled on the farm he now occupies and owns. When he went there he found about seven acres under 'cultivation, but he has brought it all under a high state of cultivation and erected houses and barns in keeping with the time in which he lives. His farm now consists of one hundred and twenty-three acres, on which he does general farming and carries on dairying and raises sheep. In July, 1868, he married Elizabeth M. Osborn, born in Farmington, Trumbull county, Ohio, March, 1851, a daughter f Thomas and Eliza (Echman) Osborn, natives f Boardman township, Mahoning county, Ohio. By this union seven children were born: Thomas, married Maude Woodford, and they are the parents f Merlin and Laurence; Luella, married F. A. Cory, her children are Edna, Walter, Wade and Clarence; Lavern, married C. C. Chinnock, whose children are Herbert and Mildred ; Maude, married Emerson Cory, and they have Preston, Eva, Dallas and Arthur; Edwin, married Nina Weise; Eliza, married David Livingston; and Myrtle. Mr. Harklerode and wife are members f the Disciples church, and politically he is a Democrat. In conclusion it may be f interest to those who read these historic pages to know that Preston R. Harklerode's mother, being the eldest in her parents' family, had the care of the same after the death of her mother, who died when she was but eleven years of age. In those days people went barefoot a part of the year, and this girl used to be very careful of her shoes, and when she attended divine worship she would take her shoes in her hand and go barefoot until she reached the meeting house, which was a rough log building, and before entering the holy place would stop and put on her shoes. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 181 JOHN L. KINCAID, a prosperous farmer of Champion township, Trumbull county, Ohio, is a native of the township in which he now resides, born October 17, 1848, a son of Thomas Kincaid, who was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1800. Thomas was the son of James and Ruth Kincaid, life long residents of Ireland and of Scotch lineage. Thomas learned the weaver's trade, which, with farming, he followed in Ireland. He and his brother Robert were the only members of the family who ever came to America. The latter settled in Canada, while Mr. Kincaid came to the United States, accompanied by his family, about 1830. He lived at Warren for a time, then purchased a tract of timbered land of seventy-five acres, upon which there was a log cabin. He came without means, save enough to. purchase stock with. He began to clear off his forest land and two years later he sold his young stock and oxen to a Mr. Adams, who had a large farm in Warren township, and with the money made a part pay-ment on his land, and then was employed by Mr. Adams for one year, receiving one hundred and fifty dollars and his house rent with feed for two cows. At the end f the year he returned to his own land and there resumed work and remained there until his death in his ninetieth year. He was twice married. His second wife was Mrs. Mary (Lamb) Rafferty, a daughter of Alexander Lamb, a native of Tyrone. By this marriage union the following children were born : Laura, James, Thomas, Alexander, John L. By the first marriage the issue was one daughter, Mary J. The mother had two children by her first marriage--Nancy and Henry. John L. Kincaid began his career by farming his father's land on shares for a few years, and then bought a tract of land in Warren township, where he began to make necessary improvements. He built a small house at first and has from time to time added to his first land purchase, until he now owns one hundred and thirteen acres, all in a fine state of cultivation. He was united in marriage May 20, 1869, to Emma Blankenburg, born in Girard, Trumbull county, Ohio, a daughter of Henry Blankenburg, born in Germany, and. left an orphan at the age of nine years, being reared among strangers. When a young man he came to America, locating at Girard, where he engaged in mining. He was industrious and saved his earnings. In 1854 he bought a tract of land in the northwestern part of the township. There the improvements consisted of a small clearing around a small log cabin. He continued to work at the mines a part of his time for several years, and devoted the balance of his time to his farm. By thus vigorously working he became the owner of a good farm property and there resided until his death. His wife's maiden name (mother of Mrs. Kincaid) was Dorothy Hardman, a native of Germany, and a daughter of Michael and Margaret Hardman. She came to America with her parents at the age f three years and was reared at Girard, where the father bought a farm and resided many years. Mrs. Kincaid's mother died on the farm. The children in this family were Emma, Alice, Mary, Lewis and Charles. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Kincaid are as follows: William H., Mary Alice, Dora B., Nellie May, Clarence J. and Harvey G., born 182 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY November 30, 1890, died May 3, 1892. William H. married Laura Neff and they have one son, Merle; Mary Alice married Josephus Stine and their son is named Harry; Dora B. married William Hulmes and their son is Harold; Nellie May married Bird Pangborn. The mother belongs to the Grace Evangelical church. In politics Mr. Kincaid is a Democrat. HENRY A. CRUM, who now resides on his farm in Lordstown township, is known widely', both. as a farmer and operator of a threshing machine which he has run for more than twenty seasons. He is a native of this township, born September 27, 1849, a son of Jonathan Crum, who was a native of Austintown township, Trumbull county, Ohio, born in October, 1807. The grandfather was Henry, born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, wad he was a son of John Crum, who came from Switzerland and settled in Pennsylvania, where he spent the remainder of his days as a resident of Lehigh county, where several of his descendants still reside. The sub-ject's grandfather was reared and married in his native county, and moved from there to Ohio, making the journey overland with teams. He settled in Austintown township, being among the early band of first settlers. He improved a farm from out the forest lands and remained there until his death, when he was eighty years old. Jonathan Crum, father, was reared in the county in which he was born and was permitted to see the wild game of the forests, including deer, wolves and bear, and he became quite an expert with the gun and was fond of the chase. After moving to Lordstown township be killed the last wildcat which was seen within the vicinity. In 1834 he bought lands in Lordstown township of Mr. Lord, the original owner, buying from a squatter all the improvements, which consisted of a log cabin and a small clearing. This was before the county had any railroads and Warren was a mere handful f houses, so to speak, and was known as "the village." He had no horse for several years and hence did his farm work with oxen. He raised flax and sheep and from these two products was made the cloth from which the family were clothed comfortably. Grain was all cut by use of a sickle, one of which "reapers" Henry A. Crum now possesses, the same having been used by his mother in cutting grain. The husband had cleared a farm from out the heavy timber and erected suitable buildings. He lived there until claimed by death, when aged seventy-six years. His wife's maiden name was Catherine Rupright, born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Henry and Mary (Krecklove) Rupright. Her parents were both natives of Lehigh county and became quite early settlers in Austintown township, Trumbull county, Ohio. They moved there with teams, carrying all of their earthly effects along with them. Later the father moved to Stark county, Ohio, where they remained a few Years, then went to Lordstown. township, where they lived with their daughter. He died aged eighty-six years and the wife lived to the age of eighty-seven years. They reared the following children: Polly, Mary, John, Samuel, Matilda, Henry and Lucille. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 183 Henry A. Crum was reared and educated in his native township, and assisted his father at farm work until twenty-one years of age. He then operated a threshing machine outfit for about twenty years, during which time he purchased a portion f the old homestead upon which he resided until recently, when he bought other land, near by, and erected modern buildings thereon. His farm shows great thrift and care upon the part of its owner. Mr. Crum was married May 22, 1870, to Alcena Hipple, born in Newton township, a daughter of Lawrence and Elizabeth Hippie, natives of Ohio. Politically, Mr. Crum is a supporter of the Democratic ticket and has held various local official positions, including that of treasurer three years; also was a trustee and member f the school board. CHARLES C. HOWARD.—As manager f the Freedom Oil Company, of Warren, Ohio, Charles C. Howard is connected with one f the leading industries of Trumbull county. A gentleman in the prime of life, active and energetic, with a clear head for business, he is fulfilling the duties devolving upon him in his official capacity in a noteworthy manner. He is a native of this city, the son of Charles Howard, and was born August 7, 1846. On the paternal side he is of English descent, his great grand-father having been born in England. His grandfather, George Howard, was a native of Connecticut, and his descendants have in a great measure inherited those habits of industry, honesty and thrift characteristic of the New England people. A native of New York state, Charles Howard was born and bred in Chenango, and there grew to manhood. Coming to Trumbull county about 1842, he located in 'Warren, and was here for thirty years prosperously engaged in the marble and granite business, living here until his death, at the good old age of seventy and seven years. His wife, Olive A. Howard, spent her long life of ninety-two years in Trumbull county, her birth occurring in 1816, in that part of the county now included within the limits of Mahoning county. Her father, Camden Cleveland, was a brother f Moses Cleveland, the founder of the city of Cleveland, Ohio. The eldest of a family f five children, three of whom are living, George C. residing in California, in Los Angeles, and Fred W. in Warren, Ohio, Charles C. Howard attended the Warren public schools during the days of his boyhood and youth, receiving a practical education in the fundamental branches of learning. Becoming of age, he first embarked in business as a druggist, and was afterwards for ten years employed, in company with B. H. Fitch, in buying and shipping wool. Going then to Youngstown, Ohio, Mr. Howard was there similarly employed for about ten years, being connected with Homer Baldwin, in flour mills. Returning then to Warren, Mr. Howard accepted his present position with the Freedom Oil Company, and has here built up a substantial business, the sales of oil under his wise management having increased with a remarkable rapidity, amounting now to $100,000 per annum. 184 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY In 1888, Mr. Howard married Susie A. Peer, a native of Honeoye Falls, Monroe county, New York, a daughter of Benjamin and Hannah Peer. Fraternally Mr. Howard is a member of the United Commercial Travelers of Warren, and politically he votes for the best men and measures, regardless of party restrictions. HENRY A. SIMON, who is the independent owner f one hundred and sixty acres of fertile Trumbull county soil, and whose attractive farm home is situated within the bounds of Lordstown township, was born on the land which he now occupies, February 12, 1860. He is a son of George Simon, born in Boardman township (formerly of this county, but now of Mahoning county, Ohio), on the 1st of June, 1812. The grandfather, who was a native of Pennsylvania and of early German ancestry, migrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio and became a pioneer of Boardman township, where he purchased land in the big timber, about two miles from the center of the present city of Youngstown, but at that time in the midst of a desolate wilderness. The railroads and canals did not appear in the country for many years, and settlers had to rely solely on what they could secure from the soil and what game they might capture. The women, in those days, remained close beside their children's cradles, and carded, spun and wove the clothes for all the members of the family. The grandfather lived on the farm mentioned until his death at the age f ninety-seven years. He reared a large family and did honor to his name. Among the children f this pioneer was George Simon, the father of Henry A., who was reared amid rural scenes and commenced to support himself very early in life. He worked by the month, at fifty cents per day, and his days far exceeded the modern eight-hour limit. He was industrious, saved his wages as far as possible and abstained from the use of tobacco and liquors, until he had secured a sufficient sum with which to purchase a considerable tract of land, upon which he resided about fifteen years. This he sold and, after renting land for a time, bought a tract f one hundred and one acres in Lordstown township, upon which stood a good set f buildings. In addition to farming he operated a stationary saw mill and made shingles and boards. He also ran a sorghum mill; the most extensive f its kind in Ohio, in one season manufacturing thirty-four hundred gallons of excellent molasses. He. remained on this farm until his death, which occurred October 1, 1900. His wife's maiden name was Sarah Dustman, who became the mother of Henry A. Mrs. George Simon was born in Canfield, Mahoning county, Ohio, April 21, 1821, a daughter of Jacob Dustman, an early settler f Canfield, where for many years he conducted a hotel, spending the last years f his life at that place. The mother died in March, 1891, having reared five children—Jacob P., George W., Harriet, Clarinda and Henry A. Henry A. Simon attended the district schools and early commenced farm work. When fourteen years old his father retired from the home farm, which he leased, and young Simon began working by the month and HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 185 day for others; later he became a farmer on his own account, then bought a portion f the old homestead., and eventually acquired the entire property. In addition he purchased a farm of sixty acres, which makes his present holdings one hundred and sixty acres, with three sets f frame buildings thereon. This latest purchase is pleasantly situated on the Lordstown and Priceton road. On December 8, 1891, Mr. Simon was married to Louisa C. Kreitler, a native f Warren township, born February 5, 1862. She is a daughter of Joseph and Josephine (Kaeppler) Kreitler, a biography f her father, who was long an honored resident f Trumbull county, being published in other pages. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Simon—Charles, who died at the age f seventeen months, and another, who died in earlier infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Simon are devout members f the Lutheran church. SAMUEL H. FOX, who owns the old Fox homestead, on the pretty banks of the majestic "Mahoning river, in Trumbull county, Ohio, was born February 6, 1854, in Warren township, this county, a son of John W. Fox, a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and his parents, as far as can be learned, were life-long residents of that county. John W. Fox was reared in his native county and state, going to Ohio about 1831, accompanied by his wife and one child, making their removal overland and on horseback, the mother on horseback carrying her child in her arms. Mr. Fox bought a tract f land on the banks f the Mahoning river, all covered with heavy timber. It was located in Warren township. There he erected a round log house, which served well the purpose for which it was built. They were far from markets and provisions. Warren, then a mere village, was the nearest trading post. They subsisted on the products of the soil and made their own clothing from wool and flax which the young mother would spin and weave. For some years Akron was their nearest market town. Mr. Fox had fortunately learned the trade f a brick and stone mason, at which he worked and at the same time superintended the &tiring up f his timber land to make it suitable for cultivation. There he died, June 16, 1858, aged fifty-nine years. His wife's maiden name was Mary E. Niblock, born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, May 11, 1812. Her father, James Niblock, was also a. native of Pennsylvania and a farmer, and was numbered among the pioneers of Trumbull county, where he improved a farm and died there, in Warren township. His wife's maiden name was Margaret Springer, native to Pennsylvania soil and who spent her last days in that locality, honored by the settlers f Trumbull county. Mrs. John W. Fox was left a widow with eight children. Three years later the war broke out and three of her sons went into the Union army, leaving her alone with the balance of the family. Fortunately, she was a tireless worker and possessed perfect health. Thus .shed was able to provide and manage for her children and keep such as were old enough in the district schools until such times as they could care for themselves. She continued to reside on the farm until death called her from all earthly toil 186 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY and care, September 4, 1896, when she was almost eighty-five years of age. She possessed her mental faculties up to the last, passing hence after a short illness. She reared nine f her thirteen children. The nine were as follows : Seba, Lewis, Nancy, Ellis, Carson, William, Mary, Alvira, and Samuel. Ellis, Carson and William served in the Union army in the days of the Civil war ; all were wounded, and William lost an arm and is now deceased. Ellis and Carson reside in Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Fox was a devoted member of the Disciples church. She had seventy-eight lineal descendants, made up f thirteen children, forty-nine grandchildren and sixteen great-grandchildren. Samuel H. Fox, f this memoir, was only four years of age at the time of his father's death. He commenced at a very tender age to assist about the farm work, attending school in the meantime, a part of each year, always making his home with his mother and she with him, as long as she lived, when he succeeded to the ownership f the old homestead, which has never gone out f the family. The farmhouse is pleasantly situated on the west bank of the Mahoning river. Politically, Mr. Fox is a stalwart Republican, and takes interest in both local and national politics. He was married December 15, 1881, to Jennie Caldwell, born in Vienna, Trumbull county, Ohio, March 17, 1858. Her father, William Caldwell, was a native f Liberty, Trumbull county, and his father, Hugh Caldwell, was born in Ireland, of Scotch descent. He came to America accompanied by his bride, and they located in Liberty township, this county, where he was a pioneer. He bought and improved land and there died. His wife's maiden name was Jane Anderson, f Ireland, of Scotch ancestry. She outlived her husband and spent her last years with her children. Airs. Fox's father was reared on the farm, and when a man owned one which he cultivated. He also manufactured cheese, establishing a factory on his farm. He died April, 1904. He married Abigail Hickox, born in Vienna township. Her father, Chauncey Hickox, was a native of Connecticut and became a pioneer settler in Trumbull county. His wife's maiden name was Susan Scoville, a native of Connecticut. Mrs. Fox's mother died May 22, 1904. She reared five children: David, Leverett, William W., Mary E. and Jennie. To Mr. and Mrs. Fox were born children as follows : John W., Carl, Leverett, Glen, Carson and Nellie. Both Mr. Fox and his wife are members of the Disciples church. AUSTIN MILLER, a prosperous farmer of Trumbull county, whose fine farm home is on the Lordstown road, a mile and a half from the court house, is a native of Austintown, Mahoning county, Ohio, born May 31, 1846. He is the son of John Miller, a native of Canfield township, Mahoning county, who was born September 14, 1816. The grandfather was also John Miller, born in Northampton, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1781, and his parents were Jacob and Susanna Miller, natives of Germany. The grandfather, John Miller, was reared and educated in Pennsyl- HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 187 vania and emigrated to Ohio about 1813, moving thither by means of ox teams and one horse on the lead. A son, named Jacob, a lad f seven years, walked all of the distance leading a cow. They lived in what is now Canfield township, Mahoning county:, Ohio, and it is certain they landed in the Buckeye state with but. one dollar in money. Then all was yet a wilderness, and the savage red man roamed at will through the dense forests of Ohio. For a time a small tract of land was rented, and later timber land was purchased in Austintown township. At first they resided in the small log cabin which they erected, later they building a good frame building and a huge bank barn: A large amount of the place was cleared up by this hardy pioneer, who spent the remainder of his life there. He died in 1861, aged eighty years. He reared eight children: Jacob, William, Samuel, John, Levi, Susan, Lydia and Martha. John Miller, the father, was reared and educated in his native township and inherited a part of the old homestead, which he had assisted in clearing up from its wilderness state. When he commenced housekeeping it was in an old log house which stood on the place when his father purchased it. There was no store near the place and the mother used to cook by the old-fashioned fireplace. The father raised sheep and flax, from which products the good mother used to make the homespun cloth the family were clothed with. Later a good frame house was erected, and there the father and mother both died, the mother in 1878 and the father in 1896. For many years the father served as a member of the state militia. The mother's maiden name was Maria Lanterman, born in Austintown township, Mahoning county, Ohio. Her father, William Lanterman, was a native of Virginia, born in 1799, and came to Ohio in 1812. He was an orphan and was bound out to a colonel in the United States army in 1812 and acted in the capacity of a messenger. He married at the age of nineteen years, Sophia Burnett, born in Warren in 1799; her parents were among the first settlers in Ohio territory. William Lanterman settled in Austintown township, made a farm and died there, after which his widow returned to Warren and spent the last years of her life with her son, who had a farm on the banks f the Mahoning river. John Miller and his wife reared five children : Austin, Sophia, Joseph, Laura and John Marcus. Austin, of this notice, attended the district school and the high school in Cortland, later attending the school at Canfield, and also one term at Poland Union Seminary. He then commenced teaching school in Youngstown township, winding up as a teacher in his home district in 1876. He went to Warren in 1877 and has been a resident f the place ever since, living since 1882 on his present farm, on the Lordstown road. He has provided his farm with a handsome set f farm buildings, has set out and cared for fruit and ornamental trees, and in various ways improved the place. February 7, 1877, he was married to Isabelle Fee, born in Bazetta township, Trumbull county, December, 1857, a daughter of William and Mary Jane (Best) Fee, both natives of Ireland, but of Scotch ancestry. The parents were early settlers in Trumbull county. Mr. and Mrs. Miller 188 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY have three children : George B., Lewis W. and Eva J. George B. married Nora Cassidy and lives in Youngstown. In their church faith the family is Episcopal, while in politics Mr. Miller votes the Democratic ticket. He has been town assessor four terms and a member f the local board f education most all of the years since he resided in Warren. EDWIN BROBST is one of the venerable and highly honored citizens of Trumbull county, whose handiwork as a carpenter in his earlier days and his good management as an agriculturist later in life have given him a wide circle of friends and acquaintances who vie with one another to do his name honor. Mr. Brobst was born in Warren township, Trumbull county, Ohio, September 8, 1834, a son f John Brobst, a native of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, where he was reared and married. He learned the shoe-maker's trade. A few years after his marriage he went to Austintown, Mahoning county, Ohio, remained a short time, and then went to Warren township, Trumbull county, and there bought fifty acres of timber land in the southern portion of the township. At that date the present city of Warren was but a hamlet f a few houses, while the surrounding country was little else than a wilderness. He built a log house in which his son Edwin was born. For several years this house had no stove, and the good housewife used to cook and do all f her baking by the use f the great fireplace, f which the present generation knows but little. After living there. several years the father sold and bought on the north bank f the Mahoning river, in section 9. There he found an old log cabin and a few acres f cleared land. Shortly after he bought lands adjoining and erected a set of good frame buildings. He continued to reside there until a year before -his death, dying at the advanced age f eighty--nine years. His wife's maiden name was Mary Kistler, a native f Pennsylvania, who died aged seventy-five years. This worthy couple had ten children, as follows: Mary, Edwin, Sarah, Priscilla, Aaron, Amanda, Daniel, Samuel, John and Ellen Louisa. The son, Edwin, was reared and educated in his native township, attending the schools taught in the log school house, which was furnished with excellent plain slab seats but had no desks. A board was placed along one side f the wall for the more advanced pupils to write upon. It will be remembered this was prior to railroads and modern conveniences, but when boys studied and appreciated what few educational advantages they did have, perhaps, more than today. When he was about eighteen years f age the work f railroad building in Ohio commenced, and on such work, for a time, he was employed. When twenty-years old he began to work at the carpenter's trade, and followed it many years. In the meantime, however, he had bought land in section 9, where he now resides. There was a log house on this farm, and in it he resided several years—to him it was not a curiosity, for, indeed, he had first seen the light of day within a log cabin. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 189 Mr. Brobst was married in 1859 to Mary Craver, born in Warren township, Trumbull county, Ohio, a daughter of George and Polly (Fulwiller) Craver. She died about three years after her marriage, after which Mr. Brobst married her sister, Sarah, and she died in 1891. In 1896 he married Ida Quinby, born in Lordstown. Her father, William Quinby, was a native of Lordstown also. His father, Samuel Quinby, was one of the early settlers f Warren, and prominently identified with its interests. His wife's maiden name was Catherine Boyd. The father was a farmer and lived in Lordstown until his death, when he was aged fifty-three years. The mother's maiden name was Catherine Bailey, born in Canfield, a daughter f Abraham Bailey. Mrs. Brobst's mother lives on the old homestead at Lordstown. By- his first marriage Mr. Brobst had two children: Sarah Jane and Sylvester. Sarah J. married George Hewitt, and they have three children—Mari11a, Daniel and Ernest. Syl-vester is a farmer and butcher, residing in Warren. The parents are members f the Reformed church. GEORGE W. HUNTER, a prosperous farmer and a member of the board of trustees of Warren, was born in Hubbard township, Trumbull county, November 4, 1873, a son of W. L. Hunter, who was a native f Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. He was born December 18, 1848, and attended school until thirteen years of age, and then started out for himself. He enlisted in the army- when sixteen years old, under Capt. George Farmer, in an independent company, and served six months, when his time expired, and he was then honorably discharged. For some time after the war he followed his trade as a carpenter at Hubbard, this county, after which, in the fall of 1874, he removed to North Bristol, where he purchased a farm upon which there was water power and. a saw mill. For about ten years he operated both farm and saw mill, then sold his property and resumed work at his trade. From. Bristol he moved to Warren, and is now a resident of Youngstown. W. L. Hunter was married December 25, 1870, and lived in Sharon, Pennsylvania, for two years and then moved to Hubbard, Ohio, in the fall of 1873. His wife's maiden name was Sarah Mundwyler. She was born May 17, 1842, in Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, and later moved to Lawrence county, where she resided until her marriage. Her father, Jacob Mundwyler, was a pioneer f Pennsylvania, and operated a woolen mill until his death. Mrs. Hunter had three sisters and four brothers, two of her brothers serving four years in the Civil war. She was a kind, loving Christian wife and mother. Her death occurred October 11, 1898. To Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Hunter six children were born: Maude, October 9 1871; George W., November 4, 1873; Fred and Harry (twins), May 12, 1876; William, August 16, 1879; and James, September 16, 1881. George W. Hunter attended school until he was seventeen years of age, since which he has performed a man's work in the world. For a year he was employed on a farm, after which he clerked in a general store for a year and a half and then Went to Pennsylvania, where he attended Volant 190 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Normal College. In 1891 he removed to Warren, Ohio, where for a year he was employed in a provision store and then commenced business on his own account, being actively engaged in this field until 1907. During this period he had purchased the valuable farm he now owns and occupies, in section thirty-three, Warren township, about one and. a half miles from the city f Warren. Politically Mr. Hunter is a Republican, and was elected a member of the board f town trustees in 1907. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 90, and is a progressive type of citizenship. Both he and his wife are members of the Disciple church. Mr. Hunter was married May 4, 1898, to Miss Jessie Ernst, a daughtero f Comfort A. Ernst. Of this family it may be said that Comfort A. Ernst was young when his parents moved to Braceville, where he was reared and educated. He remained with his parents until after his marriage, then purchased a farm in the southwestern part of Warren township, residing there (with the exception of two years in town) until his death, April 1, 1907. He married, September 20, 1866, Miss Cornelia Oviatt, a native of Braceville township, born September 12, 1842. To them were born Albert C., Harriet M., and Jessie L. Moses Lyman Oviatt, father of Airs. Ernst, was a native of Goshen, Connecticut, born March 30, 1801, and her grandfather, Samuel Oviatt, was also born in the same state. The preceding progenitor was Samuel Oviatt, also f Connecticut, who was the first of the family to come to the Western Reserve, and was the pioneer settler f Braceville township. Upon coming to the country he purchased timber lands, first erecting crude log cabins and later substantial frame buildings. There he went through the slow and hard process of clearing up a farm from the dense forest land, and there, after having performed his earthly duties, died, an honored man and a loyal citizen. Samuel Oviatt, Jr. the grandfather, was reared in Connecticut, where he resided until 1804, when, with his family and brothers and their families he moved to Trumbull county, Ohio, locating on lands which were secured by the father above mentioned and have been continuously in the Oviatt family since. This little company was the first body f actual settlers to be added to the population f Braceville township. Mr. Oviatt built a log house; proceeded to clear the forest from his farming land, and when not occupied in farm and homestead improvements followed his trade as a chair maker. He remained here until the time of his death. His wife's maiden name was Lois Beckwith, who was born in Goshen and spent her last years with a daughter in Portage county, Ohio. Moses Lyman Oviatt, the father, was' reared to the pursuit f a farmer and ever followed this calling, purchasing the old homestead and residing thereon until his death, at the age f sixty-seven years. The maiden name f his wife was Lovina Purple. She was born in Utica,. New York, a daughter of Ansel and Betsey Purple, and died at the age f seventy-six years. Mr. and Mrs. George W. Hunter have become the parents of two HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 191 children—Ernest Lloyd, born October 23, 1899, and Harold Herbert Hunter, born August 2, 1904. SAMUEL R. GIFFORD, who is known as one f the thrifty farmers of Trumbull county, Ohio, was born in Charlton, Musgrove, Somersetshire, England, November 15, 1849, a son f George and Letitia (Cock) Gif-ford, both life-long residents f England. The children of this family were : Anna, Thomas, Sophia, George, John, Samuel, Susan, Bessie, Emma J., Adelaide, William V. Of these the following came to America: John, Samuel, Emma j. and William. Samuel R. Gifford was reared and educated in his native country and learned the butcher's trade, coming to this country when twenty-one years of age, settling at Warren, Ohio. After being employed at the butchering business for a time, he formed a partnership with S. R. Chryst which ex-isted a few years, when they dissolved, after which he did business inde-pendently. In. the meantime Mr. Gifford had purchased a farm in Lords-town, upon which he settled and where he has since continued to reside, save three years, during which time he lived at Niles, Ohio. He has carried on the butchering business in connection with his farming operations. His farm contains one hundred and fifty-three acres, located in Warren and Lordstown townships. The land is under a high state of cultivation and upon it he has erected a spacious, well planned farm-house, with good barns and other necessary outbuildings. Air. Gifford comes of that sturdy, pains-taking English stock, from which he inherits the habits f order and thoroughness, as is observed by visiting his premises. May 18, 1881, Mr. Gifford was married to Olive A. Ernest, a native of Warren township, born December 21, 1853. Her father, Henry Ernest, was born in Perry county, Pennsylvania, August 27, 1820. His father was George Ernest, a farmer and stock raiser, who died in Perry county in 1824. His wife's maiden name was Mary Fesselman, who survived her husband and was married the second time, to a Mr. Spoon, and then moved to Ohio. Henry Ernest was young when his father died and when thirteen years of age he came to Ohio with an uncle, walking the entire distance. When old enough he learned the carpenter's trade and became a contractor and builder, remaining in business at Warren and Niles; was also in the lumber trade at Niles a few years. He died November 27, 1903. The name of his wife (Mrs. Gifford's mother) was Harriet Southworth. She was born at Mineral Ridge, Weathersfield township, December 8, 1822. Her father, Silas Southworth, was a farmer and settled in Trumbull county. He followed farm-life all through life, and spent his last years in Warren, living on the corner f Chestnut and South streets, in the old building built over one hundred years and still owned by Airs. Gifford. It was built by a Mr. Chesney. Silas Southworth's wife, Mary nee Brooks, died early in life. The nine children of Mrs. Gifford's parents were: Silas, George H., W. C., John H., Olive A., Jessie V., Dellmarette, Nettie E. and James W. Vol. II-13 192 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Mr. and Mrs. Samuel R. Gifford are the parents of the following : Solomon Henry, Jessie H., John LeRoy and Olive Letitia. Jessie H. mar-died Dwight L. Gates and they have one son—Fred Samuel. Mr. and Mrs. Gifford are exemplary members of the Disciples church. CHARLES SEYMOUR GREENWOOD, who is one of the industrious and prosperous farmers tilling the soil within the limits of that goodly agricultural district known as Vienna township, was born in this township, February 5, 1843, a son of Stephen W. and Hepsabeth (Norton) Green-wood. The father was born in Stockbridge, Connecticut, in 1812, and went west with his parents when yet quite small. When grown to manhood he became the owner of a farm in Vienna township. When first purchased it had but two acres cleared up fit for cultivation, but he made an excellent place of it by that work which is always required to make farms within the forest land. Here he resided until death, and here all of his children were born. In this family there were six children Lomira, deceased; Carlos, deceased; Charles ; Corydon, deceased; Lovina, deceased ; Eliza, wife of Austin Andrews; Calvin, deceased; Rose, now an invalid, residing with her sister, Mrs. Andrews. Charles S. Greenwood obtained a common school education at Wood-ford's Corners and Tyrrell Hill. He continued to reside at home with his parents until his marriage, having worked for his father in operating the farm. When he married he bought fifty acres of land, upon which he now resides, going in debt two thousand dollars. He was a partner with his father and. brother in a saw mill, which he operated in connection with his farm for about twenty years. He added to his land until he had one hundred and twenty acres, upon which he has made all necessary improvements, his place being considered one of the best within the township. He is a member f the Methodist church, fraternally a Mason, while in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Greenwood was married November 22, 1868, to Rachel M. Mackey, a native of Vienna township, born April 7, 1841, a daughter of Andrew and Mary (Bartholomew) Mackey. Her father was a farmer, spending his entire life within Vienna township. Mrs. Greenwood died March 2, 1901. She was the mother of the following children : Archie, married Marie Cunningham, resides with the father; Ira M.; Mabel, died in infancy; May, wife of Claud Rhodes, of Fowler township, a railroad man; Remi, residing with the father. JONAS RADER, residing at No. 15 Spring street, Warren, Ohio, is still numbered among the survivors f the soldiery of the great Civil war and members f the Grand Army f the Republic. He was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, October 20, 1840, a son of John Rader, born in the same county as his son, who went to Ohio in 1849, locating at Berlin, Mahoning county, and who about 1855 settled in Weathersfield. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 193 He was a weaver by trade, and made fine quilts by weaving. He followed this throughout his days, dying at the age of seventy-five years. The mother, Nancy Shellenbarger, was a native of Pennsylvania, born in Westmoreland county; she died in Mahoning county, Ohio, in 1852. The children born to this worthy couple were four daughters and two sons, all still living. Jonas Rader was the eldest son and fifth child, and was about fifteen years of age at the time he went to Trumbull county, Ohio. He obtained his education at the common schools; remained at home until twenty-one years of age, and in 1861—first year f the Civil war—enlisted in Company C, Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as a private soldier. He withstood the hardships of camp, march and battlefield for four years, four months and twenty days, returning in the same company and regiment in which he volunteered. He took part in the following battles: Shiloh, Corinth, Stone River and the siege before Atlanta; was at Nashville and many lesser engagements, in all the service never receiving any wounds save a slight wound in the left forefinger. Was not a day in the dreaded hospital, never away from his company, only on a short furlough, and was honorably discharged at Columbus, Ohio, in 1865, in December. He then returned to Warren, where he has been a resident ever since. While home on furlough he was united in marriage to Ella P. Platt, daughter of Horace and Ellsa Platt, of Mahoning county, Ohio. The fruit of this union was two sons and one daughter, living: Milton W., Lawrence E. and Maud C. The daughter married Elmer B. Hurbert. Mr. Rader is a member f Bell-Harmon Post, G. A. R., No. 36, f which post he is sergeant. He was engaged in the undertaking business for eighteen years, but sold in 1897 and retired. He is known in all sections of the county, having been a resident there for fifty-three years. JOHN. M. RISHER is one f the more recent farm settlers f Trumbull county, Ohio. He was born in Baldwin township, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, September 16, 1849. His father, John C. Risher, was a native of Allegheny county also. The grandfather was Daniel Risher, born in the same county, and the great-grandfather, John. Risher, was born near Chambersburg and settled at Whitehall, Baldwin township, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. His father, Daniel Risher, in his youth was a friend of Simon Girty, who at one time saved his life by warning him of an Indian attack, and he, in turn, saved the inhabitants of the surrounding country by warning them. He served under General Braddock. As already stated, John Risher, the great-grandfather, settled at Whitehall. Late in life he went to Missouri, and died in that state. His son, Daniel, was born in Baldwin township, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, July 21, 1792. He operated a flouring mill and a distillery in Baldwin. He made the best f flour, and it brought a fancy price in Philadelphia markets. In addition to this business he also operated a seven hundred acre farm in the same township. Politically he was a Whig, but voted for 194 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Jackson, and subsequently became a Republican. He was reared in the Lutheran faith, but later united with the Presbyterian church, in which faith he dial. His wife's name was Sarah Cready (formerly spelled Krate). Her people were Lutherans, and she was said to have been a thoroughgoing German home woman, of sound religious faith, and com-menced to teach and train her children in the catechism early in their lives. She died aged eighty-four years, in 1875. Her children were: John C., Maria,. Ann Susan, Elizabeth, Sarah, Amanda, Louise and Ithamer D. John C. Risher was reared and educated in his native county, and later in life purchased large tracts f coal lands in Mifflin township, Allegheny county, which property' he developed and operated successfully, and was thus engaged all of his active life. He died in Allegheny county January 29, 1880. His wife's maiden name was Nancy Denny McClure. Her grandfather, John McClure, Sr., was a farmer in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, who settled in Mifflin township, now Homestead, where his homestead of three hundred and twenty-nine acres was known as "Amity." The patents for this land, granted in 1786, are still held by his descendants. He was a lover of the chase, and kept a large pack of hounds. His wife was Martha Denny. John McClure, Jr., grandfather of John M. Risher, was a life-long resident of his native county. He took a deep interest in public affairs, and was politically a Whig. His wife was a Miss Topping. Both were members f the Presbyterian church, and reared their children in this faith. They had ten children. John C. Risher had five children : Levi Agnes M., Daniel, Sarah C. and John McClure. Levi graduated from Jefferson College in 1859 and from the Allegheny Theological Seminary in 1862. He was associated with his father for a time, and from 1869 to 1876 was pastor f the Fair-mount and Plains Presbyterian churches, near Sewickly, and from 1876 to 1882 of Dravosburg church. From 1882 to 1886 he served the church at Martinsburg, after which he led a retired life until his death. Agnes married Stephen S. Crump. Daniel was a civil engineer and associated many years until his death in 1888, with his father in business. Sarah C. married 'William J. Snodgrass. John M. Risher advanced his education at the Western University of Pittsburg, and later took a course at the Polytechnic Institute, at Brooklyn, after which he engaged in the banking house f McLean & Co., of Pittsburg. Later he was in the employ f the Pittsburg Banking Company four years, after which Ile was bookkeeper and superintendent for J. C. Risher & Co. In 1878 he formed a partnership with James H. Gamble and bought coal lands at White Mills., Washington county, known as the Penny tract. In February, 1884, he purchased his partner's interest and continued to operate the mines until 1898, when he sold to the Pittsburg Coal Company. In 1900 he went to Ohio and bought the excellent farm he now owns and occupies, which is among the finest within Trumbull county. Here he is engaged in the peaceful and independent occupation f farming. He pays special attention to the raising f gorses, cattle and poultry. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 195 Politically Mr. Risher is a Republican, and in church affiliations both he and his estimable wife are f the Presbyterian church faith. He has been an elder in this church. September 10, 1872, he was united in marriage to Mary J. Patterson, born in Squirrel Hill, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1852. Her father was Robert Patterson, born in Mifflin township, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, October 5, 1820, and his father, Robert Patterson, was a native of Ireland, but f Scotch ancestry. He was reared and educated in his native county, and upon coming to America settled in Mifflin, where he was employed at his trade—that f a weaver. He also taught school, he being one f the pioneer instructors within Allegheny county. His wife was Isabella Brisbin, daughter of Captain Brisbin, a Revolutionary war soldier. She became mother f eight children. Mrs. Risher's father owned a farm on Squirrel Hill, which he sold and then purchased a farm in Mifflin township. The last place he sold at a greatly advanced price, and the same is now the seat of the Duquesne Iron Works. After making this sale he returned to Pittsburg and lived a retired life until his death. He married Priscilla McCaslin, daughter of John McCaslin. She -died October 29, 1878, the mother of four children, Mrs. Risher being the eldest ; the others are Sarah, who married W. B. Rath; Fanny B., married Daniel W. Risher ; Bessie, married W. C. Burns. Mr. and Mrs. Risher have reared five children : Robert Patterson, Eveline, Mary J., Fanny M., and John C. Bessie, the third child, died aged seven years. Robert married Marion Philips and has a daughter, Martha. Eveline married Charles R. Azmus and has two children, Eveline L. and Mary J. JAMES BROWN, who is a farmer residing near the city limits of Warren, is a native of Warren township, born December 12, 1848, a son f James Brown, a native of County Armagh, Ireland, and whose father was Samuel Brown, also a native of Ireland, but of Scotch lineage. He spent most f his active life in his native country, but came to America and spent his declining years at the home of his son James. James Brown, the father, was reared in his native country and there obtained his early education, coming to America when a young man, making his way west-ward to Ohio. At that time Trumbull county was but little settled and no railroads had entered the domain, now so completely gridironed by them. When the canal was constructed through to the lakes he was employed on that, and thus earned sufficient means with which to purchase some heavily timbered land in Howland township, on which he built a log house, which cabin was the first home his family had in Ohio, now the commonwealth so noted for beautiful residences. Later on Mr. Brown bought another tract of land which joined, but within Warren township. On this place stood another cabin, which had near it a small clearing which constituted all f the improvements. He at once erected a small frame house close to the one which was built f logs, and the family occupied that 196 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY for a time. Mr. Brown was very industrious and as time went on he prospered, cleared up all f his land and erected excellent frame buildings, including house and barns, and also planted out fruit and ornamental trees. He continued to reside there until his death, in the month f March, 1881, when he was sixty-four years of age. He had lived to see what was a wilderness developed into a fruitful garden spot and populated with a happy and prosperous people. Mr. Brown's wife's maiden name was Anna Mathews, a native of County Tyrone, Ireland. She came to America when a young woman in a sailing vessel, which encountered storms and was ten weeks in making the trip. On the way provisions and water gave out and much suffering followed. After arriving, she remained for a time in New York state, but soon found her way to Ohio. She survived her husband. She bore Mr. Brown nine children: William B., Samuel, Mary, John, Anna, James and Olive, and two who died in infancy. She was reared. in the Episcopal faith, while her husband was a Presbyterian in his religion. The son, James Brown, attended the district schools and the high schools f Warren two years, after which he began school teaching and followed it until after the death f his father, when he returned to the homestead to take charge f the place, and later it became his property. This place is pleasantly situated, less than one mile from the limits f the city f Warren and will rank with any farm in Trumbull county. James Brown married in Kansas, in 1898, Rebecca Martin, by whom was born one child—Mildred. Mrs. Brown was born in Warren and is a daughter of Bernard and Margaret Martin. In politics Mr. Brown is a Republican and holds the office f member f the school board. He and his wife belong to the Presbyterian church. JOHN P. FULLER, one f the thoroughgoing agriculturists f Trumbull county, Ohio, whose charming farm home is hard by the banks f the Mahoning river, near the city of Warren, is a native of Edenburg, Portage county, Ohio, born July 1, 1840. His father was Aaron Collins Fuller, born at Chipawa Hill, Bristol, Connecticut, October 6, 1815. John Fuller, the father f Aaron C., it is believed was a native f Connecticut and was by occupation a farmer who spent his last days at Chipawa Hill, dying October, 1815. He was married twice and had four children by his first marriage: Samuel, Augustus, John, and one daughter, who married William Gaylor. The maiden name f his second wife was Permelia Collins, who it appears quite certain was a native of Connecticut and who came to Ohio about 1827, settling at Vienna. She had sold her dower rights to parties in Connecticut, and when she came to Ohio she bought twenty acres of land a mile to the east f Vienna. It was all timber land, and she built a log cabin thereon and within a few years married David Clark. She continued on the Vienna land a few years, then sold it and removed to Mecca and there purchased sixty acres near Dickerman's Corners, where they resided about twelve years, spending the balance f their days with HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 197 her daughter, Mrs. Logan, of Burghill. She died aged eighty-six years. By her first marriage Mrs. Clark was the mother of Lorenzo D., Mamre Ami and Aaron C. Fuller, and by the last union she had seven : Henry, Elizar, Lucinda, Sheldon, Timothy, Gilbert and Cornelius. Mr. Fuller's father was but three weeks old when his father died, hence had to become self-supporting as soon as he became old enough to do paying labor. He accompanied his mother to the West and worked at various kinds f employment until he was eighteen years f age, when he went to New York state and engaged in peddling Yankee notions. He married: at the age of nineteen years, Emeline Eliza Pratt, born in Northampton, Massachusetts, August, 1818, a daughter of Lutious Grotious Pratt, who -was born in 1794, a native (it is supposed) of Massachusetts, who removed to "York State," settling near Aurora, where he died in 1855. He had twelve children : Emeline E., Elvira, Henry, John N., William S., Laura A., Maria L., Harriet V., Allen S., Lucy A., Mary J. and Edward E. Directly after his marriage Aaron Collins Fuller joined a colony and emi-grated to Rock Island, Illinois, making the entire long journey overland by teams. At that date there was no city at Rock Island and Indian tribes still lingered about the picturesque place, which had for long centuries been their favorite hunting ground, with the great Mississippi river flowing by the rocky island, where now stands the immense buildings of the United States arsenal. They remained at that lonely point about one year and then headed for the east, wending their way overland to Portage county, Ohio, Mr. Fuller locating at Edenburg until 1842, when he removed to Champion, Trumbull county, making the move on sleds drawn by horses. They crossed the Mahoning river on the ice. Then all was wild, even here, and Warren was a mere hamlet. There Mr. Fuller worked for Abraham Weiss a year and then resided in Bristol a year, after which he located in Vienna, remaining two years, then went back to Bristol and was contented there until 1862, when he moved to Braceville. He had traded his farm at Bristol for lands amounting to two hundred acres in Braceville. There he had a stone house and two frame barns and a cheese house. Of this land one hundred and twenty-five acres were under cultivation. He resided there until his death, March 11, 1896. His wife died June 15, 1879. She bore her husband six children : Lucy M., died January 13, 1903; John P.; Mamre A., died December 11, 1865; Henry C., died January 22, 1890; Laura J., and Collins A. John P. Fuller attended the public schools and when old enough assisted his father on the farm and continued to live at home until the date of his marriage, when his father gave him fifty-five acres f land, upon which he erected a set f good buildings, lived on the place a year and a half, when he sold or traded for land in Braceville, known as the Braceville Ledge, where he lived twenty years, then sold and bought where he now lives, the farm containing ninety acres, the same being located on the banks f the Mahoning river. Politically, Mr. Fuller is a Republican and has the honor of casting his first vote for President Abraham Lincoln. 198 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY He was married September 1, 1861, to Sarah J. Shaffer, born in Bristol, Ohio, September 17, 1845. Her father, Abraham Shaffer, was a native f Pennsylvania, and his father, Daniel Shaffer, was from the same state and moved to Ohio, becoming a farmer in Howland township, Trumbull county. He remained there until his death. His wife was Betsy Hoover, also a Pennsylvanian. The father of Mrs. Fuller was very young when he went to Ohio and was there reared on a farm, and after his marriage settled in Bristol, remained but a few years, then bought across the line, in Mecca. He remained there several years, sold. and went to a place be purchased on the Niles road, in Howland township, on which place he remained until his death, December, 1907', when he was aged eighty-six years. His wife's maiden name was Sarah Wortman, daughter f Abraham Wortman, a pioneer of the county. The date of the death of Mrs. Fuller's mother was 1892. She bore her husband seven children. The children born to Mr. Fuller and his estimable wife are : 1, John A., who married, first, Fanny Bracken, and secondly, Blanch C. Bracken. He had one son—John James, who lost his life in a fire while a student at Kenyon (Gambier) College. 2, Ida L., married Utillas M. Harshman and resides in Warren. MARTIN LUTHER RUTAN is a representative of one of the oldest families of pioneers within Trumbull county, and the family in various generations has resided on the old Rutan homestead ever since 1806. Air. Rutan was born on the place upon which he now lives March 15, 1849. His father, Henry Lane Rutan, was born in Warren, Ohio, in 1805, and his father, William Rutan, was a native of Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania. The father f the last mentioned was John Rutan, who lived in that locality until late in years, when he moved to Ohio, spending his latter days with a son, William, a farmer, on the place where Martin L. now lives. The grandfather came from Pennsylvania to Ohio about 1800 and lived in Warren until 1806, then purchased a tract f land covered heavily with timber, locating in what is now called Champion township. At that date Ohio was a wilderness. At first he built a log cabin, and in about 1820 a frame house was erected by him—the first frame structure within the town. It was a two-story building, well constructed, and is today in a most excellent state f preservation. His time was spent in clearing up his land and tilling the same, as fast as he had it suitable to cultivate. He continued to reside there until his death. He married Hannah Lane, and had one son, Henry, and a daughter named Catherine, who married Solon Gilson and died without issue. Henry Lane Rutan, the father, was only an infant when his parents came to Champion township, and there he was reared and attended the public schools. He came to be an expert hunter, and during one season killed twenty-two deer, eighteen turkeys, two bears and one large fleet-footed elk. He succeeded to the ownership f the old homestead place, where he died in 1881, aged seventy-six years. He had lived to see Trum- HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 199 bull county changed from a wild wilderness state to one of culture and refinement, settled by a happy, progressive and prosperous people. His wife's maiden name was Mary Guy, born in Boardman township, Mahoning county, Ohio, in 1807, daughter of Mathew and Rebecca (Shields) Guy Mathew Guy was a native of Mahoning county, and was killed by the Indians in 1812 in the last war with England. His widow was a native of Virginia, and survived him, dying at the home of her daughter in Champion township. Mrs. Rutan died aged eighty-four years, in 1891. She reared eight children, four of whom are now living: William, Rebecca, Mary and Martin L. The deceased are: Mathew Guy, Hannah, Henry and John Calvin. Martin L. Rutan attended the district schools and also the high schools at Warren and the Western Reserve Seminary, and at the age f eighteen years commenced teaching school, following it several years. This was during the winter season but in the farming season he was engaged in farm labor, always remaining on the old home place, which had been settled on by his father and grandfather in 1806, it having been inherited by him. His brothers and sisters were all well educated, and became eminent teachers. His sister, Mary, presides over the household. Both are of the Presbyterian church faith. CHAUNCEY MEAD.—For many years the late Chauncey Mead, of Warren, Trumbull county, was one of the foremost agriculturists of this part of Ohio. Energetic and enterprising, he used excellent judgment in his operations, and by his systematic methods and good business ability accumulated a large property. He is a son f Henry Mead, a pioneer settler f Trumbull county, Ohio, having come from Connecticut. Chauncey Mead was born in Bazetta township, and in this county was reared and educated and here spent his seventy-four years of life, being engaged in farming and stock-raising during his active career. Mr. Mead married, November 21, 1852, Lucy Ackley, who was born in Fowler, Trumbull county, November 16, 1831, a daughter of Plin Ackley. Her grand-mother, Miriam Ackley, came from Connecticut to Trumbull county, being then upwards f three score years, and walked the larger part of the way from Connecticut, oftentimes following a path by means f blazed trees. She lived here until her death, thirty-three years later, aged ninety-three years. A pioneer of Trumbull county, Plin Ackley cleared and improved a good farm from the dense wilderness, and while thus employed worked, also, at his trade of a shoemaker. In the meantime his wife, Hopy Ackley, a native of Connecticut, did all of the work of the household, and not only spun and wove for herself and family, but did much f that kind of work for her neighbors, when not otherwise employed toiling at her loom. A goodly part f her work has been preserved, and is still in possession of her family. Mr. and Mrs. Chauncey Mead had no children of their own, but they <