HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 525 mother. In addition to the success Mr. Kline made with his cattle-raising, coal was found on his farm, and his property greatly increased. He was a successful man, but rather dictatorial in his later years. Mr. William Rayen belonged to a well known family of old Trumbull County. His father lived in Girard until 1833, when he moved to Champion. He died there in 1852. He married Sallie Porter, and his daughter Florence was for many years teacher in the Rayen School in Youngstown and is now Mrs. J. H. McEwen. William Rayen moved to Girard in 1853 and married Lucy Mosier, for whose family the portion of the town known as "Mosier" was named. Many of the substantial citizens were of German extraction. Of these, Louis and David Hauser were well known. Isaac Hartzell was also born in Germany but did not come to America until 1867. For many years he did business in Girard and is now located in Youngstown. C. D. Goodrich was the son of Roswell Goodrich, who purchased the Holliday mills in Liberty township. Mr. Goodrich the elder, spent his last days in Vienna. The son, C. D., was a man of unusual ability. He had one of the best libraries in the town. His sons inherited his talent and like the father had more than ordinary tastes. Frank R., who •is now connected with the Southern Railroad in Washington, had he turned his attention to either drawing or writing, would have made a name for himself. Will and S. E. have the same talent. The • daughters, Mrs. Ovens and Mrs. Jones of Denver, are capable women. C. D. Goodrich was a justice of the peace for ten years and after an interval has lately been re-elected. He is an active and interested member of the order of Free Masons, Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias. Frederick Krehl was born in Germany in 1840, came to America in 1853, and after living at Canfield and Poland moved to Girard, where he has since been engaged in the tannery business. He was twice married, his first wife being Mrs. Sanzenbacher, and the other Mary Krehl. He has three children by first marriage and seven by the second. Louis Hauser was long engaged in business with him and his extensive tannery was burned a few years ago, since which time his son has carried on the business. George Lotze was also born in Germany and in 1855 was a blacksmith in Vienna. Two years later he came to Girard and 526 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY engaged in the jewelry business. He married Catherine Keck and they had seven children. Louis L. Lotze was one of the most promising men of the valley. If he had not died early, he certainly would have made his mark in the community. As a young man he was township clerk. He was postmaster under Cleveland. He was filled with civic pride, and communicated the same to his companions. His brother, Ed H. Lotze, is now one of the leading business men of the village. Among the very earliest settlers was Ambrose Eckman. He lived near the river and was on the ground so early that the Indians were there also. He had a son Ambrose who married Alice Wilson, the daughter of William Wilson, mentioned elsewhere. Mrs. Ambrose Eckman Sr. was a clever woman and her sister, Betty Coy, was the milliner of the town. The women of Girard remember Betty and how she used to say to them when the hats did not properly fit, "0, you are just like me, head so big." In her day it was thought strange for a woman not to marry and she was sometimes twitted about it. She would reply, "Those I have wanted I couldn't get ; those I could get the devil wouldn't have." William Wilson came to Girard in the very early days. His children were W. W., George C., who married Theresa Hauser, and two daughters now Mrs. Eckman and Mrs. Anderson. Henry Barnhisel had one of the most beautiful houses in the township of Liberty. It stood south of the Lutheran church and always commanded the attention of travelers on the state road. He had a large family of children who were prominent in the social life of Trumbull County and who married into the old families of that time. Ann married Mr. Calvin Harmon, a son of Heman Harmon of Warren. Her daughter Clara is now Mrs. Will Smith of Youngstown. Frank married Will, the son of Governor Tod; Sue a. Mr. Bunts, whose son is the well known physician in Cleveland and whose granddaughters married Mr. John Stambaugh of Youngstown' and Mr. Hugh Wick. Lucy married Peter Rush and for many years lived in Warren. Mary married Milton Powers and several of the Powers family have inter-married with the Krehls. The sons were Peter, John and Abe. Grover Marshall married his wife Margaret when she was fifteen years old. They were among the early settlers. She went to school in the log schoolhouses which had the greased HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 527 paper windows. They owned a beautiful place up on the brow of the hill towards Niles where the Vineland Farm now is. They were grand folks for those times. Their house had a ball room and was a social center. They had a large family of children. Henry married Mary Frack, a niece of Evan Morris. Will married Sophia Walters, Mrs. Shook's daughter. Stan's wife was a southern girl. Grover married Rachel Wise. Virginia married Ed Crandon, and Grace, John Sampson. Mrs. Marshall, although a great-grandmother, is a young-looking woman and interested in the affairs of the day. As a middle-aged woman she encouraged girls to do for themselves in business, to get educations, and to make the most of their lives possible. She used to say that she herself had not half a chance. in her youth. Her daughter, Mrs. Crandon, with whom she makes her home, is one of the most enterprising citizens of the town. Long left a widow, she has been the father as well as the mother of the family. Wherever she is placed, in home or church, she has been equal to the demands made upon her. Mrs. Crandon's daughter, Mrs. Cauffield, has been most of her life a member of this household. Her husband being engaged in such business as to take him away from home. Her two children, William McKinley and Elizabeth, have lived with her, so that four generations have lived in peace and happiness under one roof. At present Mrs. Cauffield and her family live in Cleveland. Mr. Ed Crandon's father, that is, the grandfather of Mrs. Cauffield, was one of the very earliest settlers in Girard. He owned a tannery and Mr. Krehl bought it, and that was the start of the business which Mr. Krehl and his sons have so long carried on. When Mrs. Cauffield was a candidate for the board of education, people interested in her canvass wanted her picture which could be used in the paper. This she stubbornly refused to do. Finally Mr. Krehl waited upon her and after using all kinds of arguments, brought about the wished for result by referring to the great friendship existing between him and her grandfather Crandon in the long ago. Among the very earliest of the settlers was Peter Carlton. His daughter Mary married John Allison. John Allison was a brother of Mrs. William McKinley Sr. Their son Will married Maggie Bixler. Another member of this Carlton family married Martha Rudolph, a cousin of Mrs. Garfield. So in 528 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY the little town of Girard, two families are connected by marriage with two presidential families. One of the most interesting elderly people now living in Girard is Mrs. Charles Schoenfeld. Many people in that town call her Aunt because of the relation she sustained to the family. She was a mid-wife and hundreds of children were brought into this world under her attendance. So much was the idea of babies connected with her that when the children of a family wanted a brother or a sister they always threatened to go to Aunt and get one. She is eighty-eight years old, keeps house by herself, and says she thinks it is so funny that it tires her nowadays to put down carpets. Mrs. Sophia Walters, who had children of her own when she married Mr. Shuck, was one of the women in the early days of Girard who made a place for herself. She and her husband kept a store, but it was she who looked after the business and cared largely for the detailed work. She made a success of this business when it was hard for women to make a success in like places and few are the people of the older families residing in Girard today who do not remember her and respect her. One daughter married Henry Smith and another Will Marshall. Mr. John G. Bixler, a well educated German, when he saw his little family growing up around him decided to come to America in order that they might be reared in a republic. He was a man of a good deal of strength intellectually, but of course was imbued with German ideas. He married Rebecca Kopp and she was undoubtedly the best educated woman in Liberty if not in the greater vicinity. As she lived out her life and added to her knowledge her husband used to think that she knew too much for a woman and reproved her therefor. She, however, did not mind that. She was a woman of progressive ideas and in that long-ago time when her friends believed in a literal Hell, she declared that Hell- was simply where God was not. Her oldest daughter, Mary, married David Hauser, and had six children. Mrs. Hauser is a woman of unusual strength of character. She was the mother to her parents in their old age, to her sisters in their youth and devoted herself to her children. Until a few years ago this family was unbroken. David Hauser was born in Germany and when a young man was fond of pranks and jokes, and it is told of him that he was the best waltzer among his set. He was one of the most industrious men that lived in Girard. He was a butcher by trade and HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 529 in summer arose at one o'clock, butchered his cattle and had the meat in Youngstown before breakfast. In those days there was little ice, no coolers and fresh meat was in demand. In the latter days of his life, suffering from an incurable disease, it was not so hard for him to bear the pain as it was to cease work. He was lame the last years of his life. In chasing a steer or, as the Germans put it, "a piece of cattle," in the neighborhood of Squaw creek, north of the state road, the animal jumped over an embankment and Mr. Hauser in his anxiety to reach it went over too. He injured his hip, from which he never recovered. The members of the Hauser family were particularly devoted to each other. The oldest son George, who died a year and a half ago, left a widow and a son, David. E. L. Hauser, the second son, who was in business with his father and brother, now has charge of his own and the family business and is one of the leading men in Girard. Although of the minority party, Democratic, lie has been village clerk, and has been appointed to a number of positions of trust. Minnie C. is book-keeper and stenographer, having in the beginning taught school. She is a capable business woman. Georgena married Clyde McKinney, the son of Dr. John McKinney, of Mineral Ridge. Mrs. Dr. McKinney was a Tibbetts and that family were descendants of Moses Cleaveland's brother, whose remains were interred in the Girard cemetery, a stone marking the resting place. Elizabeth J. Hauser, the youngest of the daughters, is one of the leading advocates of the woman suffrage movement in Ohio, and of late has had charge of the national headquarters of this association in Warren. She has also been chairman of the National Press Committee and occupied several important positions in the association. Few women have given as much thought and time to the question of woman suffrage as has she. And few women have had this industry coupled with ability. Charles D. Hauser, the youngest of the family, is one of the leading doctors in Youngstown. Graduating in Buffalo, he supplemented his education in Europe and has devoted his time as energetically to his work as his father did before him. Mrs. David Hauser had brothers and sisters. Elizabeth married Charles Hunt, the second son of Simeon Hunt of Warren. She was a woman of strong character and some facts in regard to her life are given in the chapter on the Episcopal church of Warren. Maggie, the youngest, married William Allison, referred to elsewhere, and now living in West Newton. Vol. I-34 330 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Louis Hauser, the older brother of David, and his wife Louisa, spent most of their married life in Girard. He was identified with the business interests of that town and was well known throughout the valley. He had a peculiar sensitiveness about being indebted to others, and when it came time to celebrate his golden wedding, instead of allowing other people to give presents to him he presented each of his children with a goodly sum of gold. His oldest daughter, Mrs. Keifer, lives in Youngstown. Sophia, Mrs. Dr. McCartney, who is lately deceased, lived in Girard. Theresa, Mrs. George Wilson, lives in Girard. Louise, Mrs. Charlie Sidells, who is an invalid, resides in Warren. Among the older settlers of Girard was James McCartney. His son John was a physician and mention of him is made in the chapter on doctors. Another son was Andrew, and his son James, who graduated at the Western Reserve Medical University, went as a medical missionary to Chung King, China. His work was done for the Methodist church. His first wife, Keziah Thomas, had two children in China and died there. His second wife was a Canadian and he resides in her country now. The first schoolhouse built in Girard was of logs with thatched roof and parchment windows. It was built about 1800. It was situated on the right side of the road, leading from Youngstown to Warren, on land owned by Peter Carlton. The Morris Coal Company's office is now on that same site, and Evan Morris' estate now own the land. The directors of this school were J. Adams, Augustus Adams, Samuel Everitt and Peter Carlton. The school district was then five miles square, but in 1836 it was divided. Seats in this schoolhouse consisted of planks with four holes bored in them, with sticks for legs. In 1836 a schoolhouse was built in Girard on what is now Market street, at the public square. When the new street was opened in 1864 it was moved from that point. A little later a schoolhouse built in Mosier was struck by lightning and burned. Later a building on High street was used as a high school. This is now used by Allen Patterson as a carpenter shop. At the time the schoolhouse was built in Mosier there was one built in Weathersfield, which was in this school district. It was later burned, and all the books were destroyed which worked hardship to the children of that neighborhood. There was no bridge in that neighborhood, and a good deal of the HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 331 time it was dangerous to ford the river. The schoolhouse was finally replaced. Governor Tod gave some land to the village of Girard, which was known as "Jefferson Square." In 1861 a brick schoolhouse was built on this, which cost about $5,000. A thousand dollars was paid by Liberty township and the rest was raised by popular subscription. The brick work was done by Watson & Bevey and the carpenter work by Mathews, Hall & Patterson. John McGlothery and Thomas Gessop were putting sheeting on the belfry, and, in taking down the scaffolding it collapsed and the men fell on the debris on the roof. McGlothery was not much hurt, but Gessop was hurt about the back, and they put him in a big chair, and with block and tackle and a gin-pole used to hoist material to the top, let him to the ground. Mr. Caldwell, spoken of in the early part of this history, was first teacher in that school. He is now common pleas judge in Cleveland. The building is now used for public purposes. Here are the village offices, the council chamber, mayor's office, solicitor's office and town hall. Edward Kees was the architect of this building, and he was secured through the efforts of Governor Tod. Among the prominent men at that time were Abner Rush, Abner Osborne, Mart Heuston and William Richards. In 1876 a frame schoolhouse, at the corner of Market and Ashland streets, was built on land purchased from Abner Osborne. William Ellis was architect ; Hawn Brothers, builders, and it cost $1,800. At that time A. W. Kennedy was superintendent, while the directors were C. A. Johnson; S. H. Wilson, T. W. Case, Evan Morris, H. N. Donaldson, Allen Byers, Edgar Crandon. In 1887 a brick building located on State and Elm streets, on land purchased from Abner Osborne for $1,000, was built. Ousley and Boucherle were the architects. Seventeen thousand dollars worth of bonds were issued. This covered also a small schoolhouse erected in Mosier. The last of these bonds were paid in 1900. The contractors were L. L. Beck, C. Mauser and James Squires. The board of education consisted of W. F. Allison, president; W. J. Wallis, W. W. Wilson, C. D. Goodrich; J. A. Jones, treasurer; Allen Patterson, clerk. A. W. Kennedy was superintendent. The house in the beginning had three rooms, a recitation room and a superintendent's office. In 1905, at the cost of $13,000, four rooms were added. The plans for 532 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY this addition were drawn by J. Marcus Miller, William Marion and Heller Brothers Co. being the contractors. The one-room building erected at Mosier in 1887 was erected on a site purchased from the Tod estate for $225, the building costing $800. In 1905-06 the last brick school building was erected on land purchased from E. L. Hauser for $2,800. It is an eight-room building with an auditorium and cost $46,000. J. Marcus Miller was the architect, Louis Andavasio & Co. and Heller Brothers, contractors. Directors at the time the bonds were issued for this building were W. J. Zellar, W. J. Wallis, T. R. Mateer, James Welch and Isaac Vaughn. Later Welch and Vaughn resigned, and E. D. Crum and W. R. Deemer were appointed to fill their unexpired terms. B. D. Hirst is the superintendent. In 1907 Blanche Caufield, the wife of George Caufield, was elected a member of the board of education. This was the first time a woman had served upon the board. In 1908 she moved to Cleveland and her place on the board has never been filled. Teachers of Girard Public Schools, 1909. North Avenue : Charles Brooks, Grace Krehl, Anna Harris, Phyrne Gilmore, Marie Elliot, Grace Planton, May Oriel. Wilson Avenue: Mary Marshall, Marian Ovens, Eva Waggoner, Anna Morrison, Emma Green. Abbey Street : Zora L. Spear, Mary Williams. Mosier : Myrtle Williams. High School : W. Ray Wheelock, principal; Elizabeth Wallis, W. G. Alexander. Members of the Board of Education : W. .J. Wallis, president; D. R. Williams, M. D., W. J. Zeller, E. D. Crum; W. R. Deemer, clerk; James G. Lewis, treasurer. As we have seen in other chapters, there were missionaries on the field, preaching to little groups of people, and it is doubtful whether the dates given for the first meetings are early enough. The Rev. James Duncan, who was pastor of the associated congregations of Mahoning, Little Beaver and Brush Run, was at Churchill as early as 1803, and preached to the people of the country round about. Among these listeners was William McKinley Sr. The Presbyterian organization in Liberty was one of the oldest on the Reserve. In previous chapters we have recorded the two or three of this denomination. The first elders of this church were William Stewart and HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 333 James Davidson. There were pretty nearly fifty members. They chose a lot in Liberty offered by James Applegate, which land was in his family for long afterwards. The site was a beautiful one, but for some unknown reason the original intention was not carried out but land offered by Alexander McCleery was accepted and the Presbyterian church has stood in that spot ever since. In 1858 this association became " The United Presbyterian Congregation of Liberty." The next year about eighteen members took letters to the Youngstown congregation which was then formed. These Presbyterians held their first services in a tent, and this is the only record we have of a church holding services that way. They almost always went into a dwelling, a barn or a schoolhouse. This tent was moved from one spot in the neighborhood to another as it was necessary to clear off the land round about. After a time it rested on the original spot, so that here where the first communion was had, the church tent was superseded by a log house and afterwards by a better building. When they did build the log church they did not like it very well, preferring the tent and the dwelling. Sometimes, however, they held services there, but the logs on which they had to sit were hard and the air was close and altogether it was unattractive. In 1811 the second house was erected but before it was finished men were called into service and it was some time before it was completed. It, too, was made of very large hewn logs. This building was enlarged and improved in 1825, and in 1836 was torn down and another one erected which was remodeled in 1869. Mr. Duncan continued to be pastor for many years. It seems he was liberal in his beliefs for that time and after awhile some members of his congregation "told on him" and he was brought before the proper authorities and tried. He did not believe to the fullest extent the doctrine of atonement, intercession, etc. He acknowledged his guilt and was forgiven and went back to his congregation. Here the author digresses. She wishes to ask a question which she hopes someone will answer. Why is it that men collectively, or rather men in organized bodies, modify the views they hold outside of organized bodies' The author has known ministers who believed in church union to go into the general synod and vote against it. She has known Episcopal priests who cared little for. apostolic succession and admitted the same to friends in the congregation, who voted against another priest who had said that it mattered not 534 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY whether priests received their authority direct from the apostles or not. Men who believe in reform measures,—actually believe in them,— as soon as they are inside of the legislative doors vote against them. Either the devil lurks in bodies of men or some dominant mind controls them. Why is it though, if it is the latter, that it is a conservative mind? The liberal, a man who has thought out questions carefully, doesn't seem to accomplish this. But to return to Liberty township. When the Rev. Mr. Duncan returned to his people, that is, when he got into normal condition, he said that he did not acknowledge his error before the synod except in one particular. Although there were no telegraphs nor telephones nor automobiles, little postal service, this news soon spread to the authorities and he was suspended from his church and the communion. He was then "down" and like all men that were down, great tales were told about him. Some said he was careless in money affairs, that he did not provide for his family and, worst of all, he chewed tobacco ; he chewed it every day, he chewed it on Sunday. When he waxed warm, he chewed it in the pulpit. Once at least he left sus sermon and went into the congregation soliciting a piece from one of his church officers. He is the second minister so far as we know in old Trumbull County who was expelled from the Presbyterian church where the filthy weed entered in. After this gentleman of fine physical proportions, strong mind, instructive and social companions, laid down his clerical robes. no regular pastor had the congregation for five years ; then the Rev. Robert Douglass was installed. He served three years, dying in 1820. He was so beloved by the congregation that they erected a tombstone to his memory, and he now sleeps in the Poland cemetery. For twenty-six years Rev. David Goodwillie was pastor of the Liberty and Poland congregations. In 1859 he ceased to preach in Poland and lived the rest of his life in Liberty. He says that during his pastoral charge he received into the church 721 persons, dispensed communion 318 times, baptized 36 adults, solemnized 229 marriages and preached at least 5,000 sermons. He was the son of a minister and his eldest son was a minister. His youngest son, Thomas, was for many years a member of the firm of Hapgood and Goodwillie of Cleveland. Either we are misinformed as to numbers, or the class formed by Rev. Dillen Prosser at Churchill was one of the HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 535 largest of the beginning classes in Trumbull County. There were sixty members. As the Methodist records are more imperfect than the records of most churches, the author has striven to put in names of this denomination for future reference. The names of those we know of this first Churchill class were Edward Moore and wife, Edward Mahan and wife, Peter Kline, wife and family, William Trotter and wife, John, Naomi and Caroline Scott, William B. and Eliza Leslie, William Smith and wife, Matthew and Mary Trotter, Alexander Wright and wife, John Wright and sister, John Hindman, William Henderson and wife, Jerome Monroe and wife, Irvin, William, Thomas and Eliza Moore, Maria Wannamaker, Salome Henderson, Edward Ladd, John Clark, and William Trotter. Trotter was the class-leader and he was succeeded by John Clark. The first church erected later became the town hall, It was used by the congregation until 1873, when the present church edifice was built. Among the men who early served this congregation, we find the name of Rev. Peter Horton, who afterwards made a reputation on his circuit. He and Ezra Booth were both uncles of Ezra B. Taylor or Warren, and when the Rev. Mr. Horton was serving the church in this locality his son, P. D. Horton, afterwards an attorney in Ravenna and a member of the constitutional convention of Ohio, was born. The Methodist church building, when it was constructed, cost $13,000 and had all modern conveniences. The Methodist church in Girard was among the first organized in that village. It was brought about through the efforts of Rev. Dillen Prosser. Samuel McMillan was the class-leader and among the members were Abigail Osborn, Betsy McLean, and the Hollingsworth family. The first meetings were held in a log schoolhouse which stood where Obediah Sheadle's home was. Some of their meetings were held in Mr. Hollingsworth's store and after awhile when the new schoolhouse was built, they met there. In 1852 a small plain church was built, and the present church is one of the most commodious and attractive of any in the village. It was dedicated in 1880, is in Gothic style and cost $4,500. The Disciples of Girard were organized very much later in Girard than in other townships. It was 1867 when Orin Gates, a missionary, organized the church. The elders were Charles C. Fowler, James Shannon, and Ambrose Mason. William Shannon, S. H. Miller and John Patton were deacons. The 536 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY present building was erected in 1871. The ministers who have served this congregation were well known throughout Trumbull County. Among the early ones were E. D. Wakefield, Henry Camp, James Van Horn, T. S. Hanselman, N. N. and S. S. Bartlett. One of the buildings noticed by all travelers along the state road was the plain, old-fashioned church building which stood on the hill and next to which is the cemetery. This was the old Lutheran church. Here the Germans of Girard worshiped earnestly and faithfully for many years. They were men and women possessed of stalwart character and were rigid in their beliefs. Their children were obliged to go to church and Sunday school and this early discipline undoubtedly had much to do with the stability of character which the second generation possesses. It must be said, however, that these Sunday school scholars are not now supporters of the Lutheran church and some of them are not church-goers at all. Among the attendants at this early church were the families of the Hausers, the Loetzes, the Krehls, etc. Some years ago this old church building was abandoned and to the regret of all students of Trumbull County history and old residents as well, this church building was sold and moved to another part of town where it now serves as a stable. The present Lutherans erected a church on Main street about fifteen years ago, where they now hold services. The minister is Rev. Harvey Simon. After the development of coal in the township of Liberty and the rise of the iron industry, many Catholics moved into the township, and in 1868 the first mass was celebrated in Girard at the home of John Kinney. A church was not erected, however, until 1892. It was called St. Rose and has been a prosperous church of the valley. The priests who have served this parish are Revs. E. J. Conway, P. McCaffery, T. J. Henry, F. McGovern, J. P. Barry and J. J. Stewart. A mention of St. Rose church cannot be made without referring to Father Stewart. He is one of the staunchest citizens of the valley. He is beloved by his congregation, his acquaintances and even by those of us who do not personally know him. He has never failed to stand for the thing that is right. He has been a loyal temperance worker and has studied the philosophy of mental action on the body and has been a guide and helper to his people and to the Protestants as well. If only all priests of the greatest religious organization in the world, the Roman HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 537 Catholic, were like Father Stewart, the feeling between Protestants and Catholics would be hardly known. A rather unusual church organization exists in Girard. It is known as the Apostolic Christian Assembly. Organization was effected in 1878 by Rev. J. Bollinger. Before the organization meetings were held at the home of William Ludt. The original members were Mr. and Mrs. William Ludt, Charles and Mrs. Schenoenfeld and Mrs. Mary Fachield. In 1878 a church costing $1,600 was built and the society is now in a prosperous condition. CHAPTER XLV.—LORDSTOWN. SMALL HOMESTEADS IN THE BEGINNING.-A LAND DEAL.-BAILEY CORNERS.-WELL KNOWN FAMILIES.- SCHOOLS.-RELIGION. Range 4, number 3, the smallest township in Trumbull County, called Lordstown for Samuel P. Lord, was the last to be settled. The owners seeing the great prosperity of the other parts of the county, decided to hold it for speculation. When it was at last offered for sale, it was settled by those near at hand, many of the purchasers being Pennsylvania Dutch. The first cabin was built by Henry Thorne, from Virginia. The second by a man named Durgy, although this information is not thoroughly corroborated. In 1818 Andrew Longmore built a house of logs and moved his family there from Brace--vine. They had eight children, four girls and four boys. He was a weaver by trade. His son George lived on the old farm many years. Mrs. Longmore walked through the woods, carrying on her head the butter which she had prepared for the Warren market. On Quinby Hill she sat down and put on her shoes and stockings and continued her journey. The skin would grow on her stubble-scratched feet, but not so her shoes. In 1824 John and Robert Tait settled north of the center. They were blacksmiths. Two years later Thomas Pew bought a place south of the center, and he and his family lived in the vicinity for many years. The residents of this township were frugal people of little means in the beginning, who bought small tracts, and, as they could afford it, added to their possessions. Thus the farms became larger and larger, and the population smaller. This was true of some other townships in old Trumbull County. Elderly men testify that in their townships a large number of houses which were occupied in their boyhood were torn down, or allowed to decay. - 538 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 539 Sometime in the early '30s James Scott, Cyrus Bosworth and Asael Adams purchased one-fourth of the township, some 6,500 acres. This belonged to the heirs of Lord estate. They were equally interested. The land sold slowly. Mr. Bosworth, who had other large interests, became nervous and proposed to Mr. Adams that he take his third, assuming the debt with it, and if in the end the venture proved profitable Mr. Adams might give him $100. This Mr. Adams agreed to do, and soon the settlers began coming in greater numbers. Within three years the land was all sold. Mr. Adams then acquainted Mr. Bosworth of these facts and told him he was ready to pay his $100. Mr. Adams then wrote a check for Mr. Bosworth, and when the latter presented it at the bank Mr. Ralph Hickox, the cashier, counted out a $1,000. Mr. Bosworth explained that the check called for $100 only. Mr. Hickox then showed him the check. So sure was Mr. Bosworth that Mr. Adams had made a mistake that he left the money in the bank and went to see Mr. Adams. Then he learned that Mr. Adams and Mr. Scott had talked the matter over and concluded that it was but fair that Mr. Bosworth should have more than the written contract called for. William Pew came from Pittsburg to Lordstown. He had six children, having married Isabella McRora. Four of these children died young, he himself in '68 and his wife in '69. She lived forty years on the same farm. The son, John C., married first Elizabeth Pew, of Warren, and then Mary Ernest, of Braceville. One of the best remembered citizens of Lordstown was Isaac Bailey, who settled in the township in 1829. His first log cabin stood where the cooper-shop. later was, near the crossing of the Miller and Newton Falls road. This spot was known as Bailey's Corners and has ever since held the name. His wife was Rebecca Weaver, and she and he carried their first baby to Canfield to have it baptized. They reached the church at ten in the morning and walked home the same day, making a round of thirty miles. The women of Lordstown apparently did more outdoor work than the women in the northern part of the county. Mrs. Bailey used to shear all of the sheep, running from twelve to fourteen head a day, beside doing her own house work. She used to help in the harvest field, keeping pace with the men. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kistler lived in the same house with the Baileys, used the same fire for their cooking and the same implements. 540 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Among the earlier settlers of Lordstown were the Packards and the Fulks. Thomas Packard was the first road supervisor of Trumbull County and lived in Austintown at the time he was appointed. Mrs. Packard was Julia Leech, of New Jersey. They began their married life in Austintown, moving to Lordstown in the early '20s. Their home was in that part of the township known as. ``Woodward Hill," and William was the first postmaster Lordstown ever had. Their son, Warren Packard, had in his possession papers issued to his father from the general postoffice dated 1837. Mr. and Mrs. Packard had nine sons and four daughters. Most of them grew to adult age, Warren, Jack, John, Ellen (Mrs. Campbell) and Mary being well known to the people of Trumbull County. Mr. Warren Packard was one of the successful business men of the city, and Mary, the youngest, was one of the best teachers the Warren schools ever had. She was also employed in the schools of Washington where she achieved quite a reputation as an instructor. "Grandma" Packard, as she was familiarly known by the present citizens of Warren, was in her early days an ardent Presbyterian and for many years rode her horse to Warren, accompanied by one of the older children, to attend the Presbyterian church. Her later days she spent on Monroe street in Warren in a home provided by her sons, and cared for by her daughter, Mary. Her grandchildren living in Warren are W. D. and J. W. Packard, Gertrude Alderman and Irene Loveless. Thomas Duncan, like many other residents of Lordstown, came from Austintown, his father having lived in Washington county. John Duncan was one of the very first settlers of the county, reaching Austintown in 1799. The family came to Lordstown in 1837, where they lived north of the center for many years. Thomas Duncan had ten children. He married Susan Leech of New Jersey. He was justice of the peace for nine years, and an ardent Democrat. Leonard Woodward, of Pennsylvania, settled in 1831 on the farm where his son later lived. He was a carpenter by trade and married Ann Moherman of Austintown. They had a large family of children, some of whom became interested in progressive questions and stood for their principles. Mrs. Woodward was a. quiet, gentle woman and an expert spinner. Mr. Woodward was justice of the peace for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Grove were among the early settlers who had to put up with the inconveniences belonging to a much HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 541 earlier time. Their house consisted of one room, without floor or door. However, she was the possessor of a very beautiful calico dress which cost thirty-seven cents a yard. Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Crum began housekeeping under about the same conditions as did Mr. and Mrs. Grove. They took their meals from the top of her husband's chest, and she helped him mow, pitch, stow away and thrash the grain. When Maria Grove became Mrs. Dil Newhard she had, in the line of preserves, one gallon of preserved pumpkin and one of currants. Her wedding dress cost twenty-five cents a yard. When she was a girl she earned, by drying peaches around the fire, enough money to buy a black silk dress. When she was seventeen she had a pair of cotton gloves, which she bought by selling chestnuts. Mr. and Mrs. Newhard lived to have a beautiful home, and although we know little about them, we cannot help but think this thrifty tendency which the girl of seventeen manifested, must have been partially responsible for their later success. John Tait married Catherine Lane, who was the widow Church. They early settled in Warren, and Mr. Tait was among the party that went to Salt Springs at the time of the murder there. In 1826 Mr. Tait put up a double log house on his Lordstown farm. They had no floors, no doors, no windows. They cooked out of doors. Mr. Tait continued his business, that of blacksmith, in Warren for a time, but later settled upon the farm. In the cool days Mrs. Tait used to fill the iron kettle full of hot coals and attempt to warm this doorless house. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Harshman, with nine children, located southeast of the center of Lordstown in 1836. Their house, of course, was a log cabin with a small loft, two rooms, in one of which was a fire place. In the loft were the beds for the children and the stores of all kinds. This large family was a gay one they took ox-sleds and drove to Austintown to singing school, went ten miles on foot to quarterly meeting, in Berlin, and as they each had their sweethearts with them they made up quite a little company. George Harshman, in 1896, said that when he, his brothers and friends were dressed for state occasions they had blue swallow-tailed coats, bell-crowned hats with fur an inch long, and red bandana handkerchiefs. "Some, however, wore homespun with pewter buttons, old Frazier's make." He does not seem much better able to describe ladies' clothes than do most men, for he says "The ladies dressed in clothes of their 542 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY own manufacture with high back combs." "The merchants of Warren at one time brought on a stock of paper bonnets, made after the fashion of the old Pennsylvania wagons, and stamped `imitate Leghorn.' They generously gave one to each of those who bought goods at the store." He then tells how the girls arrayed in these bonnets started for meeting in Ohltown, were overtaken by the rain and found themselves "adorned in slouch paste-board bonnets as was never before nor since seen in Lordstown." The homes of the Dean, the Benninger, the Ravers, the Weyer families were all about the same. Mrs. Weyer, who was early left a widow, reared nine children, and to do this, of course, she had to toil early and late, spinning and weaving, to get food for her little folks. Mr. C. G. Beardsley was one of the reliable citizens of Lordstown who came to that township in 1840. He rode a horse and had fifty cents in his pocket. His father, who was born in Connecticut, came to Ohio in 1814, went back to Connecticut and finally located in Canfield, where he lived and died. C. G. Beardsley married Elizabeth Wetmore of Canfield, who was one of the substantial citizens of that place. Mr. and Mrs. Beardsley worked hard during their early life and saved money which they enjoyed in their later years. She was a Spiritualist. They had no children but adopted LeRoy Mathias, who lived on the old homestead. James Preston and his wife, Rachel, were Pennsylvanians who came to Lordstown in 1827. Mrs. Preston died in 1845, and Mr. Preston married Elizabeth Crawford. They had a small family of children. The first school districts in Lordstown were laid out in 1828. Changes were made in these in 1830. The first schoolhouse in the township was built in the first district, on Moses Haskell's farm. It was of logs and was taught by Mr. Everett. The first schoolhouse at the center was of logs and Anna. Harmon was probably the first teacher. It is recorded that Anna was a lover of "Bohea tea," and carried a cup of it to school, which she kept hot on the fire. The next teacher was John Fullerton, who was devoted to his cups, but of a stronger kind. Granville Sears taught school in the daytime, made boots and shoes at night. He did not spare the rod. About 1840 a frame school building was erected at the center. This was burned and was replaced. Rev. Joseph King of HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 543 Pittsburg taught a select school. He was a good teacher, had a large school, taught in the town hall and educated many teachers for the profession of teaching. John King and a Mr. Campbell were among the early teachers. S. F. DeFord was one of the very best instructors Lordstown had. R. W. Duncan also taught at the Center school, which in 1870 was sold for a cheese factory and re-sold in 1877 for township building. In 1875 an educational society consisting of the best people in the township was formed, which took hold of the local schools to good effect. There is now a high school at the center of Lordstown, but many of the children in the upper part of the township attend the Warren schools. The early residents of Lordstown walked to meeting in the townships nearby. In 1834 the first Methodist Episcopal church was organized in the schoolhouse. Before this, Mr. Ashburn, whose wife was a great Methodist, often entertained itinerant ministers who spoke in the log schoolhouses in that vicinity. Rev. J. W. Hill, who was the first minister of the first class, belonged to the Youngstown circuit. In '35 and '36 Lordstown went into the Ellsworth circuit under the pastorate of Rev. Dow Prosser. In 1842 the Methodists erected a church at the center, and the following spring a Sunday school was organized with Thomas Pew as superintendent. In the winter of 1839-40 a revival in the church added a number of members. In 1855 another successful revival was held. This church has been abandoned and the building is used as a barn. The first United Brethren church was organized in 1855 by Rev. Hiram Knight. The ministers have been the Rev. Ex-cell, Bolster, Swihart, Day, Evans, Miller, Traver. Moody, Borzee, Smith, Baldwin, Landaw. The land for this church was donated by Charles Ohl and he also gave a small lot for a cemetery. It is in this cemetery that the bodies of Mary Packard, the wife of Warren, and her granddaughter, Esther McCrum, lie. When Walter Scott and James Mitchell preached with such religious fervor in Warren, they interested a number of Lordstown families. John Tait was one of these. He was baptized at midnight in the Mahoning river, in the month of January. Marcus Bosworth and John Henry followed up the interest among the Lordstown people and organized a society in that township in 1830. This meeting was held in the log schoolhouse, on the old David Lewis farm. The overseers were 544 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Robert Tait and Moses Haskell; David Lewis and John Tait. trustees. Among the preachers were Walter Scott, Adamson Bentley and Marcus Brockett. The first church was built in 1844 and cost $800. Rev. John Henry preached the sermon, and the congregation sang a hymn set to a tune which he had arranged, and Robert Tait suggested that they call this "Forty-Four" since it was the year in which the church was dedicated. Rev. Henry was a popular preacher, although not as well educated as most of the preachers of his day. He was one of the strongest men in the community and always helped at raisings and log rollings. One day when going to church, he met a poor man and invited him to attend. The man said he could not, since he had no shoes. The preacher removed his shoes and presented them, and preached his sermon in his bare feet. In 1868 a new Disciple church was built at the cost of $2,200. At that time Rev. Philander Green was the pastor, and he was followed by D. P. Thayer and H. D. Niles. This church has had the office of deaconesses, Rachel Dean, Miranda Jones, and Mary Tait holding the office at different times. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. Henry, who preaches every other Sunday. As said in the early part of this sketch, the residents of Lordstown were many of them Germans. In 1832 the German Lutherans and the German Reformed united and erected a church in the neighborhood of Bailey's Corners. This log house was soon replaced by a frame one and services were held in it until 1848. At that time the house was burned. These same two organizations then built a house in Warren township near the site of the first building, and services are held there now. It is English Lutheran. CHAPTER XLVI.—MECCA. TURHAND KIRTLAND.—FIRST SETTLERS AND EVENTS.—TEACHERS AND SCHOOLHOUSES.—OIL SPECULATION.—` DIXIE." —THE CHURCHES. In some ways range 3, township 6, later called Mecca, is one of the least interesting townships in a historical way. The early surveyors complained greatly of the swamps, and this condition, previous to its settlement, made its lands less valuable than the lands of some other townships. The Connecticut Land Company sold this tract to Turhand Kirtland, of whom we have read so much in the earlier part of the history, William Ely, Mr. Kingsbury and Mr. Cowles. Judge Kirtland owned the largest portion, situated in the northern part. Because of the swamps, it is supposed that he did not pay a very large price for it; at any rate, he sold it on very easy terms, the purchasers being obliged to pay interest regularly, but were given plenty of time on the principal. When the first white settlers came to the township they found one Indian but on the banks of Mosquito creek, but it was deserted. Indians, however, often camped in the township. Some of the settlements in Trumbull County were twelve years old when Joseph Dawson, a resident of Poland, built the first cabin and brought his family to Mecca. For nearly two years the Dawsons were the only people living in Mecca. He had a large family of boys and the first child born in the township was Nancy. Mrs. Dawson's father, John Rose, settled north of the Dawson farm, which was in East Mecca, in 1813. He likewise came from Poland, and he remained there the rest of his life, and some of his descendants still reside in the township. His son-in-law, Dawson, however, after a little time moved away. It is said that the Rose cabin was a very small affair, but was kept in such a scrupulous manner that it was remembered by the citizens for many years. The Roses were of Quaker descent. Vol. I-35 - 545 - 546 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY Among some of the early settlers was Peter Rowe, of New York. When at a logging bee in his native state he saw a lovely girl, asked her father what he would take for her, and when he replied a shotgun and a gallon of whiskey, he produced the articles and obtained his wife. Mr. and Mrs. Rowe came to Mecca, and their son Martin was the first boy born in the township. So far as we know, the first burial was that of Elmira, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Sylvester Taylor. "She was buried on what is now (1896) the Hickox farm. A few years later, when other bodies buried there were reinterred in the cemetery, her little form was left sleeping alone and the roots of a. black walnut tree hug closely the spot and the branches sweep over her grave." The first bride of Mecca was Electa Paine, who married Friend Buttles. Their .first trip after their wedding was in an ox-cart when they went to meeting. It is astonishing how many women walked from New England to New Connecticut. Mrs. Buttles was one of these. She walked all the way and drove a cow. Elmira Buttles, who married Levi P. Rice, was a very delicate person, but she, too, walked from Connecticut, and said she felt better for her six-weeks' tramp. Mr. and Mrs. McNabb walked from Virginia to Poland, Ohio, and their daughter afterwards settled in Mecca. Mr. McNabb carried his ax through the unbroken forest, and Mrs. McNabb part of her precious wheel-head. They had two horses. On one was the rest of Mrs. McNabb's spinning wheel, and on the other, five children. In order to get all the children onto the horse they took an empty straw tick, put a baby in either end, threw this across the horse, and then put three children on the back. The first blacksmith in Mecca was Joseph Phillips. He lived on the farm where, later, his grandson, Christopher, lived. About 1830 Mr. Mason put up a sawmill on the Beaver dam, about a mile north of the center. The first store in Mecca was that of Babcock & Bradley. It did not long exist. James Hezlep had a store at one time, which he sold to Daniel Shehy. James Fowler erected the first frame store in the township. This building is still in existence. Daniel Shehy was a native of Youngstown, and figures elsewhere in this .history. The names of Fowler and Hezlep are both familiar in Youngstown. HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 547 The first postmaster in Mecca was Lemuel Hickox, and the first mail route was from Warren to Ashtabula. Ira Knapp, who carried the mail, is mentioned in other parts of this history. The early stage coaches passed through Mecca, and it was as lively in the early days as it is now. The oldest graveyard in the township is situated south of East Mecca. The first interment, so far as we know, was in 1828, when Enos Clark Pettis, a young man, died. The second interment was the next year, when the wife of Stephen Pettis, Olive, died. Dr. Ariel Bradley was the first physician of Mecca, and Theodosia, the wife of Jose Chaffee, was the natural nurse of the township. Many people preferred her to a physician. In the case of a sick call "she mounted her white horse, would gallop through the woods, or if need be, plunge into Mosquito creek and swim boldly across on her errands of mercy." The first schoolhouse—of logs—was at East Mecca. Salome Fuller was the first teacher. Noble Mason was the first teacher in West Mecca. The building in which he taught afterwards became a granary, and the schoolhouse was sometimes used for religious purposes. Lucretia Meacham taught school in her cellar. A daughter of William Smith taught school in the chambers of her house. Captain Bethuel Beman was one of the early teachers. There was no academy at Mecca. Probably the schools in Greene, the academy at Bristol and Cortland were all so near at hand, and Mecca rather sparsely settled, that there was no call for a school of a higher grade in that township. In the '60s no township in Trumbull County was as well known in the United States as Mecca. The Yankee pronunciation still prevailed to a goodly degree, and more people called this township "Meccy" than "Mecca." The early settlers knew that oil existed in this vicinity, because it was often present in wells and springs. The early inhabitants used it sometimes for burning, and a few of them collected enough for the market and sold now and then a few gallons. The early farmers of Mecca were always more or less chagrined when evidences of oil were seen, because it really hurt at that time the value of land. The first oil was pumped on the land of William H. Jeffries, in West Mecca. The product obtained was a very thick oil, valuable for medicinal purposes and for refining. In consistency it was between a light weight of vaseline 548 - HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY and glycerine. As soon as the Jeffries well was proved, speculators- came in from all parts of the country. Property was sold at fabulous prices. Wells were sunk, houses in great numbers were put up. Warren hotels were filled with speculators who visited Mecca for investigation. All the conditions of an ordinary western mining camp were present in this township. Men seemed to lose their heads and determined on making money in one way or another. Selling liquor in violation of the law was common, and at least one or two men, who in their old age have been respected citizens, at that time paid fines for this violation, and two of them served sentence in our county jail. The jailor was, of course, lenient with these men and they were allowed to go about town in the evening, provided they occupied themselves in the daytime. There was nothing for the speculators to do in the evenings in so rural a region as Mecca, so all sorts of gambling was indulged in. It looked as if "Dixie," the name given to the oil vicinity, would be the city of Trumbull County. However; the oil was not present in sufficient quantities to pay for extracting it, and soon "Dixie" became a deserted village. Most of the houses were sold for small sums to people in Warren, who transported them to the latter place on runners in winter, and some of them were left to go to decay. The first church in Mecca was Presbyterian. Rev. Harvey Coe, of the Domestic Missionary Society, of Grand River, and Ephraim T. Woodruff, of the Connecticut Missionary Society, were present at the organization. The following were the first members : John Rowe Sr., Friend Buttles, Susannah Buttles, Sterling Adkins, Mary Adkins, Ruhamah Tucker, Aurelia Hickox, Almira Buttles and Eunice Rose. This was in 1822. and two years later the church was received by the Presbytery. John Rose Sr. was the moderator, and Friend Buttles the clerk. In 1842 a plan of union was adopted, but of late years the church is Congregational in government. The first building which they occupied was a frame, which they bought and fitted up as a church. It stood near the public square. The best known minister was the Rev. Mr. Winans. His name is familiar to all Methodists and Congregationalists of Trumbull County. In 1832 the Free Will Baptists of Mecca met at the house of Alanson Smith, Elder Rolling and George Collins being present. An organization of seven members was perfected. Their names have not been preserved. Rev. Rollin was the first HISTORY OF TRUMBULL COUNTY - 549 preacher, and Elder Samuel Weir was associated with him in his work. Occasionally meetings were held in 1840 by Freeman Straight, in 1847 by Rev. S. A. Aldrich, in 1854, by Rev. S. T. Bates. Rev. E. H. Higbee was pastor from 1858 to 1868, and before his time, through the efforts of Evangelist McConnough, sixteen members were added to the church. During the first of Mr. Higbee's services a revival resulted in fifteen new members ; in 1863, fourteen new members. Since 1867 no services have been held by this church. The Congregationalists and the Free Will Baptists each owned a half interest in the church property, which was finished in 1839. The first regular Baptist church was organized in 1833. Henry K. Hultz was moderator ; Noble Mason, the early teacher, was clerk. The members were John Cook, Henry K. Hultz, Uzal W. Bowen, Mr. Mason, David Campbell, Alanson McCollour, Daniel Ferguson, Virgilius E. Remington, Martin Daniels, Philander S. Crittenden, Asahel Chapman, George Sperry, James Cook, Noah Bowen and William Hull. Surely there were some women in this congregation, although no names are given. This congregation worshiped in a hewed log church, but it did not live very long. It was resuscitated in 1841 with some of the same members—Henry K. Hultz, John Cook, Abner Mason, James Cook, Noah Bowen, Abisha S. Underwood, Lyman Pierson, Samuel Buck, Amos Cook, Bela Phelps Jr., Josiah Galpin, Liddle, Zachariah Cook, Samuel Jerrold, Jesse Griswold, Lucius S. Brown, Daniel Higbee. At the time of the reorganization a church at East Mecca was built, which is still standing. For a number of years there has been no regular preaching in this church. The Methodist society, as is usually the case, was organized in a class in 1837, possibly at an earlier date. In 1839 this society moved to West Mecca. Among the members were Joseph Duncan, John Dean, Ambrose Irwin, William Irwin, others "and wives." In 1849 $1,800 was spent in building a church at West Mecca. At that time there were fully fifty members. Rev. Henry Winans was one of the ministers. Because the Methodist clergy moved, at first each year, and later at longer intervals, there are few records found in regard to their early church. The present membership is seventy-four; they have preaching every Sunday and class meeting every other Sunday. The trustees are F. Johnson, John Irwin, Fletcher Irwin, W. D. Chandler, G. F. Troxel and J. M. Love.