HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 705

CHAPTER LIV.

LIBERTY TOWNSHIP.

The Territory Described—Ancient Smelting Works—Coal Mines and Oil Wells—The Birth of Liberty--Early Elections—Settlement—The First Child Born—The Germantown Settlement—A Departed Generation—Unfavorable Opinion of the Country Dispelled—New Life Given to the Settlement—The First Doctor—Oakwood and His Herbs—Other Physicians—The Last of the Deer—A Mill in a Stump —Mill of the Miller Miller—The Cluss Mill—The Germantown Mill—Early Schools—Pioneers in Religious Matters—The Christian Church—The Scott Ridge Church—German Churches—Pleasant Ridge Church—The Baptists—The Free Methodists in Liberty— Cemeteries —Germantown —Industries—Statistics.

THIS is the name that the county fathers, in 1832, applied to that part of the county now bounded on the north, for four miles, by Noble county; for the remaining northern two miles of boundary, by Monroe county; on the east by Ludlow township, on the south by Lawrence township, and on the west by Salem township. The name, which probably originated in the tact of some one of the commissioners, is appropriately bestowed, for if it be true that mountainous countries have always been the fastnesses of freedom, it is in keeping with it that a hilly region should be the abode of liberty. These hills, in general, arrange themselves into one principal and many subsiding ridges. The main ridge extends from the north projection of the township (section twelve), in almost a straight southwestern course, leaving the western boundary a mile from the southern line. From this back-bone extend many ribs, a few reaching westward toward Pawpaw creek, but the most and the longest, stretching southward and southeastward, as arbitrators of the claims of the various tributaries of Fifteen Mile creek. The longest of these ridges extends directly south from the north end of the main ridge for the six miles that it is in the township. The eastern slope of this is drained by the smaller streams, such as the west branch of Winget's run, which reaches the Little Muskingum directly. Along the foot of the western slope, the East fork of Fifteen Mile creek flows. This is divided from the West fork of the same stream by another remarkably straight ridge, which extends south from the upper end of the main ridge, four miles. These forks, after flowing almost directly south, unite in the northern part of section seven, and leave the township two miles west of its southeast corner. The three main tributaries of this stream from the west are, beginning with the most northerly, which rises in the centre of the township, Sycamore, Goss fork, and Dean's fork. The eastern slope of this main ridge, belongs, of course, to the Little Muskingum basin. The western slope furnishes three main streams, flowing nearly west to Pawpaw. Beginning at the north, they are Saltpetre, Koon run, and Campbell run. The first owes its name to the fact that some time in the thirties, a Mr. Davis was wont to come from the north to a cave in its bank, a s'aort distance from where Germantown now is, and containing crude nitre. He would use it in the manufacture of gun-powder, in which he was engaged. The derivation of Koon run is obvious. It is so called from the residents of that name who first settled, and whose descendants still exist, along its valley. Campbell run is so called from the pioneer, Patrick Campbell, who settled on the stream very early. At that time it was called Horse run.

The two western tributaries of Pawpaw are known respectively as Long run and Laurel run. The latter is the southerly one, and takes its name from the laurel thickets that grew in its valley, and used to poison the cattle that found them in the course of their daily browsings.

Pawpaw itself enters the township about two miles and a half east of the northwest township corner, and flows southwest to a point two miles directly north of the southwest corner. Its waters eventually find the Ohio by means of Duck creek. Along its banks the traces of the wonderful Mound Builders appeared in the shape of remains of ancient furnaces of stone with hearths of clay. These were probably used for smelting, for they contained, when found, cinder and pieces of stone coal. These furnaces evidently existed in great numbers along the creek.

Although the hills would present rather a discouraging appearance to a farmer unused to them, yet the limestone under the farms, wherever it was crumbled into soil, has fertilized them to that extent that farming them is quite remunerative.

The coal, though not mined to the extent that it is in Salem, is everywhere prevalent, and up almost every run the traveller can see the pile of "slack" perhaps smouldering where it has been fired to keep the laborer warm, the terminus of the short railway, and the little car, perhaps emptying its black freight into the wagon below, or entering the grimy corridor to the heart of the hill. The seam mined is the Salem or sandstone seam. In one or two places the "Hobson" seam has been found in its usual place above the Salem coal, and borings made for oil have discovered the limestone seam far below, at its usual depth.

Although oil wells have been pushed downward at various places, the oil business as such does not exist in the township. Hitherto no oil has been found in paying quantities.

ESTABLISHMENT AND ORGANIZATION.

It appears that Liberty township was established without the preliminary petition from the citizens that is usually presented. We find in the commissioners journal,

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under the date of March 5, 1832, the establishing act beginning with the rather abrupt

Resolved, That the tract of country contained in range number seven. in town number four, in the county of Washington, be, and the same is hereby established into an incorporated town, to be called and designated Liberty; and the inhabitants residing within said surveyed township are declared to be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of incorporated towns within this State; and said inhabitants will meet at the house of Matthew Gray, in said township, on the first day of April next, at 10 o'clock, A. M. , to elect township officers agreeably to law.

It will thus be seen that, at first, the surveyed township and the established township were identical, and thus, accordingly, Liberty began life with her full thirty-six square miles of territory. No record of township elections appears until 1838, although the book which contains this record was in possession of the township for four years previous.

The memories of the oldest residents of the township, however, retain the facts that Matthew Gray was in all probability the first justice of the peace, that at anyrate, he was a "squire" in 1834, at which time William Gray was a constable. It is said that at one time there were not available men enough to fill the offices, and that Salem township was asked in a neighborly way to lend . them a man for constable, but who was the man thus obligingly furnished, tradition has provokingly forgotten. It appears also that these early elections were held in a log school-house about where Germantown stands.

The first township officers on record in the township were chosen April 2, 1838, at an election held at the residence of Joseph Barnhart. William Koon, Matthew Gray, and Gideon Keeder, presided over the election, and James Schofield and Richard Albery were clerks. The election resulted in the choice of Newman Meridith, Marcellus Marsh, and Richard Albery, for trustees; David Hendershot, clerk; Elijah Gray, constable; Isaac Cline and John Miller, overseers of the poor; Eben Speers, Amlin True, and William Walters, fence viewers; James Martin, Daniel Michael, and William Harsheys, road supervisors.

The omission to elect a treasurer was corrected by the appointment in May, 1838, of Matthew Gray to fill that office. This appointment was made by the trustees of the township.

On the twenty-sixth of May, in the same year, a division was made of the township into two school districts. This number has kept step with the increase of the population and growth of educational sentiment, until now Liberty township has eight school districts. At present the road districts number nineteen.

The present township officers were elected in 1880, and are: Isaiah Neff, T. C. Congleton, and J. W. Bowers, trustees; David Rees, treasurer; Joseph Congleton, assessor; J. J. Schenkel, clerk; Daniel Stephens and Michael Doyle, constables; S. D. Spear and Andrew C. Johnston, justices of the peace.

It is remembered that as far back as 1837, there were but five voters in the township as now bounded. On a full vote the Democrats could obtain a majority of one over the Whigs, provided some popular Whig did not run ahead of his ticket. These five were Philip Cline, William Walters, Levi Woods, David Hendershot, and Matthew Gray. Of these, Cline and Gray joined the Whig element. This voting population has grown until in November, 1880, it polled one hundred and eighty-six Republican, one hundred and fifty-one Democratic, and four Greenback votes; total, three hundred and forty-one.

In 1851, when Noble county was formed, part of Liberty township was sacrificed, among other of the northern territory of Washington. Thus the township lacks sections 5, 6, 18, 24, 30, and 36. Sections 5 and 6 belong to Monroe county, and the rest to Noble county.

SETTLEMENT.

The oldest settlement in the surveyed township is in the Harrietville neighborhood, in the part of Liberty since assigned to Noble county.

The first person known to have penetrated the wilderness of the present territory of Liberty was Jewett Palmer, who moved in from Lawrence township, where, about 1823, he had first settled. This removal was in 1825, and was to the farm now owned by C. Abicht, on the upper corner of Whipple run. Mr. Palmer remained in the place but five years, then went to Fearing, and finally, in the neighborhood of 1845, to Salem township. During his stay in Liberty occurred what was probably the first birth in the township, that of Pemberton Palmer, in December, 1827. Jewett Palmer was remarkable for his bold and pronounced partizanship in regard to all the questions of the day, and several which at that time were questions of the future. He was bitterly opposed to the universal presence of whiskey and the like at old-time merry-makings, and industrial gatherings; was connected with the "Underground railroad," and was one of the very few early Free Soilers.

Shortly after the pioneer, Patrick Campbell, ventured into the wilderness as far as Horse run. About 1835 Richard Albery moved in on the head of Whipple run. But this settlement, thus begun in the southern part of the township, was of short life. It was destined that the northern part, that about the site of Germantown, was to be the scene of the final permanent settlement. The first one to make his home here was Matthew Gray, who came from the Harrietville settlement. As usual with the first settlers, he made his way along the natural pathway, worn for him by the rapid flowing of a stream. In this case he came to the banks of Pawpaw, about half a mile above the mouth of Saltpetre. Those who shared his danger and his home with him were his wife, whose name before marriage was Amy Enochs, and his children. There were nine of these in all, named William, David, Elijah, Jesse, George, James, Elizabeth, Rhoda, and one whose name has been forgotten.

Matthew Gray seems to have been a man of great intelligence and force of character, as is evident by the character of the offices to which he was chosen, and the manner in which he is mentioned by those who knew him. The date of his settlement cannot be long before 1832.

By the year 1834 five other families had moved into

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the township. Two of these—Levi Woods and Isaac Koon—settled in the part since cut off. The other families were those of William Koon, Michael Koon, and Joseph Barnhart.

William Koon lived on Pawpaw, opposite the mouth of Koon run, with his wife, whose former name was Margaret Brown, and seven children.

Michael Koon's wife was Barbara Stackhouse, and he was the father of eight children.

Joseph Barnhart, who settled a little below Saltpetre, married Betsey Geer. Their children were William, George, Asa, Rosanna, and others.

Although the settlement was begun so late, it is a singular fact that none of these first settlers now live in the township. Facts about the settlement are consequently difficult to obtain, and to that extent less reliably learned. The next one to come to the township is now the oldest living settler. In 1834 Stephen Harris moved into that singularly isolated valley now called Koon run, where he has lived ever since. His wife's name was Rhoda Koon. Their children are Mary, Amy, Barbara, George, Stephen, who died in the army, and Esau.

George Kesselring, a native of Maryland, settled in what is now Liberty township in 1828, where he died in 1844. By his wife, Elizabeth Haltsman, born in 1806, he had eight children, six of whom survive, viz.: Elizabeth, Robinson, of Virginia; Mary Redfox, Rebecca Hendershot, Ezra, John, and Samuel. John, who was born in 1828, married Anna Eliza Gray, by whom he has nine children. He has a farm of ninety-four acres, and is a tobacco-packer. He resides in Newport township.

Soon after, the settlers came in more rapidly. At first there seemed to prevail an opinion that it was not possible to live in Liberty township, the land being considered too rough and barren. Many came from Salem township and elsewhere for a short time and returned discouraged. At last, however, it was found that these settlers, mentioned before, survived and even enjoyed it. Then settlement received new encouragement and more rapid progress was made toward its present population. Early and late, the most of the settlers have found their way over the ridges from more northern counties, especially Guernsey and Monroe. Shortly after 1834 came the families of William Walters, who settled near Germantown, Joshua Cunningham, a man named Stackhaus, who settled in section thirty-three, but left as early as 1848, and many others. In 1839 Cephas Hendershot arrived —a young man of twenty-two. He chose his home immediately below Germantown, where he has lived until now. His wife was Delilah Sloan, and his children living are Elias, George W., Sarah Ann, Caroline, Charles, Margaret, and Jane. Five others are dead.

About 1840 the little settlement was increased by the advent of a new neighbor—Philip Cline, from Monroe county. He settled on section thirty-three, on the farm at present occupied by Lewis Stickrath. His wife was Elizabeth Newthan before marriage. The children were eight in number; four are dead. Philip, jr., and Samuel are in Iowa; Sarah lives in Liberty township; Andrew married Nancy McDonald and has four children living, one of whom, William, still lives in this township, and, with his wife, Rebecca, has five children.

The first doctor in the township arrived at this period. His name was Dr. Ekholtz, and he would sometimes be called by its English equivalent—Oakwood. His remedies were simple and confined entirely to the vegetable kingdom in its crude form. Such physicians were common in early times, and in the colloquial style of the people were termed "Yarb" doctors.

Between 1845 and 1850 a Dr. Patterson arrived, followed by Dr. J. M. Warren in 1851, Dr. Sparling in I860, and the present Drs. Warren, jr., E. S. Divine, and Ridley Sparling.

Another comparatively late settler in Liberty township is Lewis Young, who is the son of Philip Young. He and his wife, Julia, are the parents of Jacob, now married and living in Fearing township; Lizzie, Charlotte, Caroline, Henry, and Otto.

John Bowers was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, in 1808, and settled in this township in 1845. He married Sarah McPeek in 1828. She died in 1878 at the age of seventy-one. They were the parents of twelve children, eight of whom are living, as follows: John W. and Valentine, in Liberty; Josiah A., in Noble county; Jacob A., Marietta township; Sarah Vanowey, in West Virginia, Mrs. Mrs. Rebecca A. Glove, in Bellaire, Ohio; Mrs. Elizabeth Congleton, in Liberty; and Mrs. Margaret E. Willison, in Marietta. Hester J., William T., Mary A., and James are deceased. Four of the sons served in the war of the Rebellion, to wit: John W., company D, seventy-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry; Valentine, company H, One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Ohio volunteer infantry; Josiah A, company K, Ohio volunteer infantry.

Thomas Hamilton, a native of North Carolina, born in 1784, emigrated to Ohio in 1804, and settled in Tuscarawas county. In 1849 he removed with his family to this county, and settled in Liberty township. He died February, 1872. His first wife was Mary A. Taylor, who was born in North Carolina in 2784. She died in 1828. The children by this marriage were six in number, three living, viz: Archibiald A. in Indiana; William in Tuscarawas county; Thomas F. in Pike county, Ohio. He married for his second wife, Sarah Manlow, born in 1817; died in 1840. The fruits of this union were four children as follows: Mrs. J. Smith in Illinois; Mrs. J. Swiggert in Coshocton county, Ohio; Lewis in Liberty and Leonard in Kansas. The latter was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, in 1834; married in 1855, Asaminta Parish, who was born in 1840, and has a family of nine children, viz: Ruanna, Anna, Mary, Thomas and Lillie deceased; and Emma J., Susannah, William, and Fredonia, living.

Hiram Dearth was among the more recent settlers of the county, having removed here in 1869. He was born in 1828 in Monroe county, Ohio. He married Hester J. Kasey, born in 1830, and has the following children: James, Ephraim, Lewis, John, Robert, Martha A., Arizona, Russell, and George S., all living, and Nancy J., Kasey and Frank, deceased.

The wild animals in the township, when it was settled,

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were of the same kinds that the pioneers found elsewhere in the county, except that the settlement having been made so late, the bear disappeared. Many of the settlers were hunters rather than farmers, and were rarely seen without their guns. But in time the wolves and the deer left. The last deer killed was by Joshua Powell, about 1840, at the mouth of Saltpetre.

"In early days" as the old pioneers like to say, one of the greatest difficulties of the farmers was to prepare their grain for consumption. Other wants, though quite as pressing, were supplied by much simpler means, but the machinery of a mill was a matter of great moment, when everything had to be obtained from the raw material, water-mills being so "few and far between" various expedients were resorted to by the farmers, who could not at times take the long journey to the nearest mill or spare the time waiting until the grists ahead of them were ground or perhaps, on account of low or high water, be unable to find a mill that could run at all. Many owned hand-mills. A few farmers made rough horse-mills such as would make the miller of to-day smile. One way of making a hand-mill was to saw off a section of a hollow sycamore, making what is known as a "gum." In this was firmly planted the nether millstone at the proper height, a hole was bored in the stump to allow the meal to'escape. The upper stone contained two apertures at a distance from the centre, one extending through the stone, and through this, the feeding was done. The other, extended deep enough to hold firmly a wooden rod, the upper end of which turned in a socket several feet above the centre of the stone. From one to three or four persons would seize this rod and turn the upper stone with it, while one dextrously dropped handfuls of grain in the hole for that purpose, as the revolution brought it past. Such were the primitive hand-mills, at least in Liberty township: Perhaps the first one of this kind was on the farm now occupied by Nathan Miller, then by Matthew Gray.

The first water-mill was built about 1844, by John Miller, on Saltpetre creek, about a half mile from its mouth. He was mechanic enough to build his mill himself. It was his custom to put the grist in the hopper, turn on the water, and retire calmly to rest, telling the customer that the "grist would be ready to-morrow morning." Shortly after this time a man by the name of Cluss built a mill on Pawpaw. He also had one in Salem township. John Miller afterwards built the mill now at Germantown.

The first road in the new settlement, and consequently in the township, went, as might be surmised from the position of the settlers' homes, up Pawpaw creek to the site of the town of Lebanon, north of the township.

The first orchard in the settlement was planted by Stephen Harris, probably, who bought the trees of Joseph Barker, at a nursery on the Ohio river.

Perhaps the first frame house in the township was built by Frederick Gruver. It now belongs to Caleb Hendershot.

The first school-house was a log one, and stood a quarter of a mile north of Germantown, in about 1838. At that time ten or fifteen pupils attended. Very early, perhaps before any other school had been inaugurated, a daughter of John Doffatt, of Salem township, came to the settlement and taught in an old log cabin that was considered the common property, where all sorts of meetings were held, principally church meetings of the denominations of Methodists, United Brethren, etc. This school was a private enterprise, and the teacher received a dollar and a half for each pupil that she taught three months. She had about a half dozen pupils, thus reaping the very moderate harvest of perhaps nine dollars for her work of a quarter of a year.

The first religious denomination that began work in the township was the Methodist. A hewed log church was built in 1839 or 1840, just above Germantown, and there they held their meetings. These meetings have long been transferred to a point further down stream. In 1848 Mr. Abraham Alban set apart some ground for the purpose, and a church building was erected on it. This was during the ministry of Rev. Thomas McCormick. The members of the church at that time were: Andrew Cline, Jeremiah Burton, William Myers, Amos Lacey, Elijah Gray, Abraham Alban, New Meredith, William Barmiger, and their wives, John Koon, Betty Koon, Margaret Koon, John Meredith, Catharine Amos, and George Casselring. This church still continues its meetings, which are at present conducted by Rev. Paugh. The building may still be seen standing on a high bank to the right of Pawpaw, a little above the road from Salem to Dalzell. The church belongs to the Lebanon circuit.

The next church that originated in the township was the one whose building now stands above Germantown, just over the border of the township. It being so closely connected with the settlers of the township, a sketch of it will be given. It dates from the vicinity of 1840, and was organized by the following members: Nathan Miller, David Hendershot, Levi Woods, Daniel Michael, Daniel McPeek, John Miller, Hammond Miller, John Walters, and their wives. About 1850 Daniel Michael gave land for the purpose, and a building was constructed by John Walters and John. Powell. Before this meetings were held in the building used by the township for election purposes. The church building is still standing, but the members now meet at the church at Dalzell.

By the spring of 1855 the southern part of the township had become settled thickly enough to warrant the establishment of a church in that region. Accordingly John and William Love, Robert, John, and James Scott, with their wives, and Robert Love, banded themselves together as a separate congregation of Methodists. It was about the time of the ministry of Cook, of Marietta, that they met at the house of Robert Scott.

Thus matters went on for two or three years, when the advantage of a special house of worship became so obvious that they constructed one of logs for the purpose. This was replaced about 1873 by a frame structure, made by John Scott. In this they still meet and are known as the Scott Ridge church. Rev. Paugh supplies the pulpit, and the church is now a part of the Lebanon circuit.

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Some fifteen or twenty years ago a German church was organized, and met in a building on Fifteen Mile creek. In a short time the building was destroyed by fire, and the church ceased to exist.

A German Lutheran church is in existence, and meets in their church edifice in section thirty-two. The organizers of this church were Jacob Schramm, Samuel Bruny, Christian Best, Peter Gruver, Charles Brown, their wives, and Catharine Hartwig, Frederick and William Epler. The meetings were at first held from house to house. This state of affairs continued for only two or three years, when the present building was put up. The preacher now is the Rev. F. C. Trapp.

The little village of Dalzell contains a neat-looking little edifice, in which the Pleasant Ridge Christian church of that place worships. The organization was effected in May, 1867, by Robert Miller, John Gregory, James T. Rogers, Joel C. Gregory, S. D. Spear, George Beardsmore, William Beardsmore, William Jarvis, D. N. Rogers, Francis Rogers, Wilford Howell, J. H. Gray, Elizabeth Farnsworth, Agnes Howell, Ellen Gregory, Eliza J. Howell, Abigail Rogers, Arminda Gregory, Milicent Beardsmore, Mary Taylor and Sarah Martin.

The officers elected first were: William Jarvis, John Gregory and D. N. Rogers, elders; Francis Rogers and Wilford Howell, deacons; John Gregory, J. H. Gray and S. D. Spear, trustees.

The officers now (1881) are: Elders, David Rees, William Roberts, S. D. Spear; deacons, John B. Booth, E. C. French, Thomas Forshey and Enoch Griffin.

The church numbers eighty-two members. It first held meetings in a log church, built at the time of organization. In 1880 the present frame structure was reared.

Where the two forks of Fifteen Mile creek unite is a church building which was built in 1874, and in which worships the Liberty Baptist church. The land was donated by John Congleton. Before the building of the church, the organization met in Noble county for worship. This church was constituted in 1842. The ministers have been: Revs. William Stone, John D. Young, J. C. Skinner, John Ables, H. Lyons, D. Ross, William McPeek and J. D. Riley. The church has now twenty-nine members.

On Fifteen Mile creek there is a Free Methodist church organization, which began about three years ago to hold meetings in what is known as "Jordan's hall." In the fall of 1879 they purchased a school-house, and dedicated it in the summer of 1880 as a church. The present preacher is Rev. Bennett.

The only graveyard in Liberty before 1834 was a private burying-ground of the Koon families. In that year it contained but one grave—that of a little daughter of William Koon. About the same time John Barnhart died, but was buried north of the present county line. These two deaths, so far as can be ascertained, were the first in the township.

The next oldest cemeteries are those at the Methodist and Christian churches in Pawpaw valley. Although the latter yard is partially outside the county, yet many old residents of the township lie there. The ground was set apart for the purpose by William and John Walters, about 1848 or 1849. The first one to be buried in it was a little child of David McPeek. In this yard rest the remains of some from the families of Hendershot, Miller, Walters, Beardmore, Roberts and other families. The yard now contains about a hundred graves.

The other yard, the one near the Methodist church, begun with the burial of Mrs. Thomas Robinson, in 1849. Here lie buried some of the Laceys, Clines, Kidds, Myers, Merediths and Burtons. Dr. Warren's grave is here. These three cemeteries are the oldest in the township.

Turning from the cities of the dead to the towns of the living, the oldest village in the township is Germantown, which was laid out, in 1852, by David Hendershot. Before this there was no building in the place but a sawmill. The first building put up after the sale of lots was by John Holtz, and intended for a storehouse. The post office was obtained in 1873, and Charles Coleman was the postmaster. The village now contains, besides the dwelling houses, a store, a mill, a blacksmith shop, a shoe shop and a saloon.

The other hamlet in the township is named in honor of Private Dalzell, of Noble county. It was laid out March 13, 1871, by R. W. St. John, surveyor for Francis Rogers, who owned the land. The first settler on the site of the town was S. D. Spear. The first, house was a log house, on lot No. 16, and belongs now to George Kelzer. In January, 1872, Dalzell became a post office, with S. D. Spear as postmaster. The second and present postmaster is David Rees, who began his labors in that department in 1877. At present, Dalzell contains a store, blacksmith shop, wagon shop and shoe shop.

Before leaving the history of the township, it would be well to take a brief view of the population and its occupation. The people mainly represent the English, German and Irish races. A few are of Scotch extraction. About one-third can speak German, and about one in six are of German blood and English speech. Guernsey and Monroe counties, and Pennsylvania, furnished most of the settlers. Agriculture is, of course, the principal employment. Besides grain, much tobacco is raised, and, perhaps, this plant has brought more money to the people than any other. Cattle and sheep do well here, as much of the ground is better fitted for pasture than for raising grain.

In 1840 the population of Liberty was five hundred and fifteen; in 1860, one thousand three hundred and twenty-seven; in 1870, one thousand six hundred and thirty-two; in 1880, one thousand six hundred and twenty.