392 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
MARIETTA—EDUCATIONAL MATTERS.
The Earliest School Teachers at Campus Martius, "The Point," and Fort Harmar—The Muskingum Academy—How Built—Subscription List—The Institute of Education—Hamar Academy—Western Liberal Institute—Public Schools of Marietta and Harmar Their Reorganization in 1849—High School—History of Marietta College—Its Origin and Growth—Presidents—Early Instructors— Buildings — Library — Cabinets — Graduates—Societies—Donations —Directory and Faculty.
EARLY SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS.
Schools were opened in Marietta at as early a date after the founding of the settlement as was possible. The teachers were paid in part by the Ohio company, and in part by the parents of their pupils. The pioneer schools were located in each one of the three clusters of settlements, which have heretofore been described, and to which we have several times alluded—Campus Martins, "The Point," and Fort Harmar. The first at Campus Martins was held in the northwest corner block-house in the winter of 1788-89, and was taught by Major Anselem Tupper, an officer in the Revolutionary army, and son of General Benjamin Tupper. He was a young man of fine education and literary tastes. At a late period Benjamin Slocomb, of Rhode Island was a teacher at the stockade. He was a graduate of Brown university. He returned to his native State in 1803 or 1806. Major Tupper died in Marietta in 1808. At "The Point" the early teachers were Jonathan Baldwin, a man of talent and education from Massachussets; a Mr. Curtis, brother
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 393
of Eleazer Curtis, of the Newburgh settlement, and Dr. Jabez True. The former had his school most of the time in a cooper-shop, and the latter had the use of a room in one of the block-houses. Up to 1796 no school-house had been erected in Marietta and probably none in the State of Ohio. Mr. Baldwin became a settler at Waterford afler the close of the war, and Mr. Curtis went to the Big Kanawha country. Dr. True died in Marietta in 1823.
As we have intimated, schools were opened upon the west side of the Muskingum about the same time that they were at Campus Martius and "the Point." But little is known, however, of the early teachers. One of the earliest of them, though at a period later than that to which the above mentioned belonged, was a Mr. Noble, a quaint old fellow, a bachelor, and, to quote the language of one of his first pupils, "a kindly old gentleman who loved his pupils and his snuff box." Another of those teachers was Benjamin F. Stone, who taught a school in a building which stood on the location now occupied by Mr. E. Luthringer as a tin-shop. Perhaps the most distinguished of those who taught in Harmar during early years was Mr. William Slocomb, whose reputation for thoroughness and culture attracted pupils from all parts of the settlement.
After the close of the Indian war the spirit of the New England pioneers, which had been expressed in the Ordinance of 5787, and in the resolutions of the Ohio company, asserted itself in the establishment of the first academy in the great Northwestern Territory.
THE MUSKINGUM ACADEMY.
The building of this school-house was proposed at a meeting of the inhabitants of Marietta, convened April 29, 1797, for the purpose of taking into consideration measures for promoting the education of the youths in the settlement. General Putnam was chairman of this meeting, and Return Jonathan Meigs, jr., clerk. It was resolved "that a committee of six be appointed to prepare a plan of a house suitable for the instruction of youth, and religious exercises, and to make an estimate of the expense and the most suitable means of raising the necessary moneys, and to fix upon a spot whereon to erect the house, and report on Saturday next at three o'clock, P. M." General Putnam, Paul Fearing, Griffin Greene, R. J. Meigs, jr., Charles Greene and Joshua Shipman were appointed the committee.
On the sixth of May the committee reported a plan for the building, estimating the cost of erecting and completing it at one thousand dollars; they also reported that their opinion was, that the best plan for raising the money was to assess the possessors of ministerial lands lying on the Ohio river between Hart's ditch and the north end of Front street, and between Front street and the Muskingum river, at the rate of one dollar for every one-third of an acre which they respectively possess; that the best place for the building was city lot 605; that a subscription be opened for raising the deficiency of money.
The report was accepted and a committee of five appointed. The assessments and subscriptions were to be considered as loans to be repaid out of the taxes of the ministerial lands; in case these amounts were not hereafter repaid, the persons so assessed, subscribing and paying, were to become proprietors of the building, in proportion to the sums paid.
Joshua Shipman was authorized to contract for the necessary boards and planks. At the next meeting, Saturday, the thirteenth of May, it was decided to call the building the Muskingum academy. Shares were fixed at ten dollars, and the proprietors had votes according to the number of shares owned. A meeting of the proprietors could be called by the possessors of thirty shares.
The following is a copy of the subscription paper drawn up for the building of the academy:
MAY 13, 792.
WHEREAS, It is in contemplation to build an academy at Marietta, to be called the Muskingum academy, by subscription, to be held in properties and moneys paid, the subscribers, desirous to carry so laudable an object into etfect, do hereby, each for himself, undertake and promise to pay to Jabez True, treasurer, to the proprietors of the academy aforesaid, or his successors, in case any should be appointed by the proprietors, such sum or sums as they may, and do hereby severally atfix to their names.
Rufus Putnam - $300 00
Charles Greene - 40 03
Return J. Meigs, jr - 40 00
Jabez True - 30 00
Joseph Lincoln. - 20 00
Ichabod Nye - 40 00
Joshua Shipman - 20 00
Ebenezer Sproat - 40 00
Paul Fearing. - 20 00
Griffin Green. - 20 00
John Collins - 10 00
Benjamin Tupper - 20 00
Earl Sproat. - 20 00
Samuel Thorniley - 50 00
Joseph Buell - 20 00
Timothy Buell - 10 00
Francis Thierrey - 2 00
Azariah Pratt - 10 00
Ezra Putnam - 15 00
Ashbel Hale - 10 00
Gilbert Devol, in work - 20 00
Nathan McIntosh, in brick - 25 00
Luther Sheperd - 10 00
James White. - 10 00
Perley Howe. - 10 00
William Rufus Putnam - 30 00
William Bridge, in laying brick - 10 00
Josiah Munroe - 15 00
John Brough. - 10 00
John Gilbert Petit - 10 00
Joel Bowen - 20 00
Levi Whipple - 10 00
William U. Parsons - 10 00
Thomas Lane - 10 00
Christopher Burlingame. - 20 00
Joseph Gilman & Son - 40 00
Judson Guitteau - 10 00
Josiah Hart - 10 00
William Hart - 10 00
Jonathan Devol - 10 00
Stephen Pierce - 5 00
William Skinner - 30 00
John Mathews - 20 00
Dudley Woodbridge - 30 00
Daniel Story - 30 00
David Putnam - 20 00
Edwin Putnam - 20 00
394 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.
On May 16th a committee, consisting of Paul Fearing, Charles Greene, and Joshua Shipman, was appointed with full power to erect and complete the academy in accordance with the plan submitted at a former meeting, with the addition of a cellar under the whole building; they were authorized to purchase city lot No. 605, and the adjoining one.
Funds still being wanting, it was decided to sell to the highest bidder seats numbered one to twenty-one; the purchaser to have exclusive right to such seats on all public occasions; seats eighteen to twenty-one were withdrawn.
On May 21, 1800, a subscription was opened for completing the building, and a committee was appointed to report on a system of education; the report of the committee was made and accepted May 26th,
The following are the articles relating to education:
ARTICLE 3. It shall be the duty of the preceptor to teach the pupils writing, reading, arithmetic, geography, English grammar, and the Latin and Greek languages; the different branches in which a pupil is to be taught to be signified to the preceptor by the paret or the guardian of the pupil.
ARTICLE 4. It shall be the duty of the preceptor to pay due attention to the language and manners, particularly, and to the deportmet of the scholars generally, that they may be instructed to be civil and obliging to each other, and respectful everywhere, to all.
ARTICLE 5. It shall be the duty of the preceptor to cause some, or all of the pupils to learn select, entertaining, and instructive speeches and dialogues, adapted to their several capacities and ages, which they shall pronounce in the academy, before such audience as may attend on the quarter day, which shall be the last day of every quarter.
ARTICLE 6. It shall be the duty of the preceptor to see tht the pupils do not injure the seats, doors, writing-tables, and windows of the academy, and to cause the pews and floors to be thoroughly swept by some of the pupils every Saturday noon, and the movable seats and tables to be placed in order for the 1eception of the congregation on the succeeding Sabbath.
ARTICLE 7. The hours of tuition shall commence at nine o'clock in the forenoon and end at twelve, and commence at two in the afternoon and end at five, except during the witer, when they shall begin t half-past one and end at half-past four, at which times the preceptor shall cause the bell to be rung.
ARTICLE 8. The prices of tuition to be paid to the preceptor for each quarter shall be, tor reading and writing two dollars; for arithmetic, English grammar, the first rudiments of astronomy, and geography, two dollars and fifty cents; Latin, Greek, and mathematics, three dollars. There shall be paid for each pupil taught reading and writing, thirty cents; for those taught arithmetic, English grammar, and geography, forty cents; for Latin, Greek, and mathematics, fifty cents per quarter to the preceptor, who shall pay over the same to the academy, for its use to keep the academy in repair, and for such purposes as shall be directed by the proprietors.
On July 29, 1802 an improved plan of the building was presented. This included six new pews, which were sold that day at the following prices: Two for twenty-eight dollars, one for twenty-six dollars, and three for twenty-five dollars. The treasurer was then authorized to contract for building them. On the thirtieth of December this action was repealed, as its expediency was considered doubtful. At this meeting the following resolution was adopted:
WHEREAS, All professing Christians consider it as an essential branch of education to have their children, and those under their care, instructed in the principles of the Christian religion, and the public catechizing has been always considered as a part of the duty incumbent on the minister or pastor of a religious society; therefore,
Resolved, That the minister or pastor of the first religious society in Marietta shall have the liberty, from time to time, to instruct the pupils of the several schools that may hereafter be kept in the Muskingum academy; provided it is not more than half a day in any one month, and that he give at least three days notice to the preceptor of the time preferred for the exercises aforesaid.
The house was forty feet in length by twenty-four feet in width, and was twelve feet high, with arched ceiling. There were two chimneys, and a cellar of the same size as the building in length and breadth. There was a lobby projection from the front; the roof was square. Opposite the door was a broad aisle, at the end of which was a pulpit against the wall. On the right and left of the pulpit was a row of slips, On each side of the door, against the wall, were two slips facing the pulpit, and at each end of the room, at each side of the chimney, one slip. These slips were stationary and were fitted with desks that could be let down, and there were also boxes in the seats for holding books and paper. In the centre of the room was an open space which could be filled with movable seats. The house was used for the double purpose of an academy and a place for public worship.
The academy was opened in 1800, and David Putnam, who was a graduate of Yale college, was the first teacher.
The teachers after 1800 were: 1801, David Putnam; 1801, Edwin Putnam; 1803, John Leavin; 1804, Benjamin F. Stone; 1807, David Gilmore; 1807, N. K. Clough; 1808, M. B. Belknap; 1808, Timothy E. Donalson; 1809, Caleb Emerson.
In January, 1816, the building was leased to the Marietta School association for sixty dollars per year. The interior was materially changed and a school of a higher grade than any in town was established, in charge of Elisha Huntingdon, a graduate of Dartmouth. He taught for two or three years. After leaving the school he studied medicine, and, returning to Massachusetts, was for many years a resident of Lowell, practising medicine there. He was also for some years mayor of Lowell, and, for one term, lieutenant governor of Massachusetts. He died in 1867 or 1868.
Doctor Huntington was succeeded in the academy by William Slocumb, who taught there several years. He afterwards went into business in Marietta, and finally removed to Rochester, New York, where he died in 1873.
The building and lot was sold at auction October 8, 1832, for four hundred and seventy-nine dollars and two cents, to D. C. Skinner, esq., who removed it to the lot south of the Rhodes block, on Second street, where it now stands. The building is now the property of Judge C. R. Rhodes, and is rented as a tenement house.
The original location of the Muskingum academy was between the old Governor Meigs house (now the property of M. D. Follett, esq.,) and the Congregational church.
OTHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
From the time of the Muskingum academy, onward, the development of educational institutions was in two lines. Upon the one hand there was a succession of efforts to give the youths of the town, county, and surrounding region an advanced education through the medium of academies and institutes, and upon the other hand there was a development of the common schools.
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The first of these lines of improvement reached its culmination in the establishment of Marietta college and the second developed the present public schools and the high school.
THE INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION.
The school which may be called the successor of the Muskingum academy was called The Institute of Education. It comprised an infant school, primary school, ladies' seminary, and high school, and was established by the Rev. L G. Bingham, in 1830. With Mr. Bingham became associated, a year later, Mr. Mansfield French. Mr. M. Brown, a graduate of Williams' college, had charge of the high school the first two years of its existence and was superseded by Mr. Henry Smith, of Middlebury college, in 1832. The ladies seminary was started under the management of Miss Spaulding, of Ipswich, Massachusetts. In 1832, Miss D. T. Wells, now Mrs. D. P. Bosworth, became assistant in this department. It was the high school of this Institute of Education which was chartered in 1833, as the Marietta Collegiate institute. And it was this institution which two years later was chartered as Marietta college. Into the hands of the same corporation also came the ladies' seminary, but the schools were maintained as separate institutions. Miss Spaulding was succeeded by Miss Wells, and afterward Miss C. M. Webster, Miss S. Jaquith, and Mrs. L. Tenney were successively the principals. The trustees sold the property in 1843, but the school was continued for a number of years by Mrs. Tenney.
HARMAR ACADEMY.
In 1844 an academy was organized in Harmar, known as the Harmar academy. This was found to be a valuable adjunct to the schools already established. These schools, being of a lower grade, needed the stimulus which the academy supplied. From the first the academy received the hearty and liberal support of the citizens of Harmar. A suitable building was provided by the citizens, at an expense of about two thousand dollars, and many of those who were too poor to contribute money, contributed labor in the construction of the building. Distinguished teachers were invited to assume control of this school, and, from the catalogue of 1848, we find there were in attendance at the academy during 1847-8 one bundled and sixty-six different pupils. The reputation of this school may be understood when it is known that within two years after its organization, pupils were in attendance from all parts of the counfry. The catalogue of 1848 contains the names of pupils from all the more important settlements in the county, from McConnelsville, Xenia, Cincinnati, Wheeling, West Virginia; Governeur, New York; Wood county, West Virginia, and from many points in the contiguous counties. The male and female departments were separate. The Rev. Henry Bates, A. M,, was principal of the male department, and Miss Sarah Jacquith principal of the female department. The principals were supported by twelve assistants. The board of trustees of this date consisted of John Crawford, Douglas Putnam, Henry Fearing, Harlow Chapin and Silas T. Jewell. Upon the reorganization of the public schools, in 1849, the academy became the high school department of these schools, and under the efficient administration of Mr. Bates, John Giles, George H. Howison and Robert S. Boreland, did valuable work.
THE WESTERN LIBERAL INSTITUTE
was a school of the higher class, organized by the Universalists of Marietta. The charter was obtained March 21, 1850. Felix Regnier, Joseph Holden, Owen Franks, George W. Barker, William Devol, William Pitt Putnam and L J. P. Putnam and their associates were the corporators, and the first trustees were G. W. Barker, Owen Franks and James M. Booth. The first principal was Paul Kendall. Instruction was given to the youth of both sexes during the period the school remained in existence, which was about ten years. The trustees erected a building for the school upon Second street, south of Butler.
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.*
During the early years of the life of Marietta, while the several academies we have described were in existence, there were kept by divers persons at various times §mall select or private schools, and also the common district schools maintained under the law of 1821. There was little change or improvement prior to 1825. The small revenue then derived from the lease of school lands and the disfavor which the law of 1821 met with, here as elsewhere, in consequence of its charitable provisions for the poor, made the success of the schools dependent upon the liberality and wise encouragement they received from the citizens. This necessary support they received to an unusual degree..
Important school legislation being made from 1825 to 1829, the schools were placed on a more satisfactory footing.
REORGANIZATION OF THE SCHOOLS.
In May, 1849, the schools of Marietta were reorganized, and a graded system, embracing a union of all the schools, was adopted. For some years previous, the schools were five in number, in as many separate and independent districts. Female teachers were employed in these separate schools during the summer, and in winter their places were given to male teachers. The schools, under this plan, were conducted from six to eight months each year. At Akron, and a number of other places throughout the State, the graded or union system had been tried with excellent results, and it was determined to try the experiment in Marietta. The plan was first suggested in September, 1848, at the annual meeting of one of the five districts. It was agreed at this meeting to invite the other four districts to consider the matter at a joint meeting. As a result of this invitation, a joint meeting of all the directors was held, and a reorganization upon the union plan was recommended to the citizens. A public meeting being called, the change was endorsed, and as a result, in the following March, the first union board of education was elected. This board consisted of Dr. I. W. Andrews, T. W. Ewart, R. E. Harte, Lucius Brigham, E. H. Allen, and Robert Craw-
* By Professor John T. Duff.
396 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.
ford. Under the direction of these gentlemen the union or graded system went into effect in May, 1849.
At first three grades were established, primary, secondary, and grammar. During the first year eight schools were established, to-wit: four primary, two secondary, and two grammar schools. These schools were taught in the buildings occupied by the district schools, two of which had been enlarged for the purpose. These schools were all taught by ladies except one grammar school for boys, which was taught by Mr. Theodore Scott.
HIGH SCHOOL.
There was no high school until 1850, when Mr. E. D. Kingsley was chosen superintendent of the schools, and organized that department. The first class graduated from the high school in 1853, and consisted of the following persons : Harriet L. Shipman, Sophia Browning, Mary C. Slocumb, Virginia N. Nye, Caroline E. Brigham, Maria R. Booth, Mary O. Tolford, Jane E. Butler, Elizabeth T. Soyez, Maria M. Morse, Vesta M. Westgate, Julia L. Holden, Rhoda M. Shipman, Mary P. Gilbert, John W. Morse, William B. Loomis, and Justus Morse, jr.
SUPERINTENDENTS AND PRINCIPALS.
Among the superintendents of the Marietta schools since the reorganization may be named E. D. Kingsley who remained in charge until 1855. Hon. M. D. Follett, of Marietta succeeded Mr. Kingsley. He remained two years, when he resigned to enter the practice of the law. E. A. Jones, at present superintendent of the Massillon, Ohio, schools, served as superintendent for two years. The present incumbent, C. K. Wells, was chosen as principal of the high school in the fall of 1879, since which time he has also performed the duties of superintendent in whole or in part.
Among the teachers of the High school at different periods may be named J. O. Gould; Prof. Geo. R. Rossiter, now professor of mathematics in Marietta college; Rev. George R. Gear, now pastor of the Baptist society of Marietta; Miss Lizzie Anderson and others. In addition to the present superintendent, the Marietta schools are ably managed by Prof. S. S. Porter, who for years has been the principal of the Washington Street schools; by Miss Lizie Anderson principal of the Greene Street schools, and by C. W. Hudson principal of the Third Street schools. The report of Superintendent Wells for April, 1881, shows that there are at present employed in the Marietta schools twenty-three teachers; the total enrollment of pupils, one thousand one hundred and thirty-two, and the average daily attendance one thousand and thirty-one. This includes the colored school which numbers thirty pupils, with a daily attendance of twenty-three.
REORGANIZATION OF HARMAR SCHOOLS.
Early in 1849, the attention of Douglas Putnam, Luther Temple and other citizens was called to the excellent results of the union or graded system which was then being introduced into many of the schools of the State, and through the interest of these gentlemen and others equally interested, the Harmar schools were re organized upon the union plan in the fall of 1849, The first union board of education consisted of Douglas Putnam, Luther Temple, John Crawford, Samuel Bussard E. G. Smith and S. T. Jewell. The Rev. Mr. Bates of the academy, was chosen teacher of the high school, and superintendent of the schools. Mrs. J. P. Stratton was chosen teacher of the grammar school, while Miss Mettle Fearing, now the wife of Captain T. M. Turner, of Cincinnati, and Miss Mary Crawford were selected as primary teachers.
Mr. Bates remained as superintendent of the schools until 1852 when he resigned, and John Giles, of McConnelsville, Ohio, was chosen to fill the vacancy. Mr. Giles remained in charge until 1858, when he was superseded by Mr. Boreland. Miss Stratton remained in the grammar department doing excellent work until 1852. After the withdrawal of Miss Fearing, Miss Lucy, Abbott, afterwards the wife of Hon. Amos Layman, was appointed as teacher.
DISCONTINUANCE OF THE HIGH SCHOOL.
In 1863 the high department had become so reduced in numbers that it was deemed advisable by the board of education to discontinue it. It was provided, however!, that all who should complete the grammar school course,' should be transferred to the Marietta high school, the tuition to be paid from the tuition fund of the Harmar board of education. This plan remained in operation until the fall of 1876, when the board determined to reduce the course of study to eight years,—four primary and four grammar—thereby abolishing high school instruction. This arrangement has been continued to the , present.
COLORED SCHOOLS.
At the reorganization of the Harmar schools, the board determined to establish no class schools, and colored pupils were assigned, without reference to their color, to whatever grade of school their attainments entitled them.
Martha E. Grey was the first colored pupil who passed a successful examination for entrance into the High school. This was in 1873. In September of the same year she applied for admission into the Marietta High school, but her request was not granted. A separate school for colored youth is maintained in Marietta, but colored pupils are now received into the High school.
SUPERINTENDENTS AND TEACHERS IN HARMAR.
After the withdrawal of Mr. Boreland as superintendent in 1860, Mr. W. H. G. Adney, now professor of sciences in Meadville college, was chosen. He remained but one year, being succeeded by Mr. George H. Howison. At the expiration of the year Mr. Howison resigned, and Mr. Boreland was again placed at the head of the schools. He, in turn, was succeeded by Sarah L Bosworth. The following year, the Rev. William Wakefield, a member of the board of education, was appointed to take a partial supervision of the schools, and for this service he was allowed a compensation of one hundred and fifty dollars. Mr. Martin R. Andrews, a graduate of Marietta college, was afterwards
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chosen as superintendent. Mr. Andrews remained until 1870, when he resigned to accept the superintendency of the Steubenville, Ohio, schools. From 1871 to 1876, John T. Duff, a graduate of the Ohio university, was the superintendent, at which latter date he resigned to accept the superintendency of the Bellaire City schools. The present superintendent is Mr. John D. Phillips, who for many years was the principal of the Green Street grammar school of Marietta.
The superintendent of the Harmar schools is at present assisted by a corps of five teachers. The enrollment of pupils in the schools is about two hundred and eighty. Of the present corp of teachers, Miss Lydia N. Hart, and Miss Susan Daniels, have served continuously for fourteen and fifteen years respectively.
MARIETTA COLLEGE.*
Marietta college owes its existence and success to the character of the men who began upon the Muskingum the settlement of the northwest. There was a deep conviction on the part of many of the most intelligent men in southeastern Ohio that a literary institution of high order was essential to the educational and religious interests of a large region, of which Marietta was the centre. This conviction was confirmed by the opinions of men of high standing both west and east.
The enterprise was undertaken by men who understood that a long and arduous work was before them. They knew that an institution conducted with reference to genuine and thorough culture, with no resort to superficial methods or temporary expedients, must be of slow growth. They had but moderate means from which to draw, but their gifts were most generous. They gave expecting to give again and again, as they have done. They believed that such an institution as they proposed to establish was indispensable, and their faith in its success was strong from the beginning.
The college was the natural outgrowth of this settlement by the Ohio company. The descendants of the men of the Revolution and their associates in the Ohio company, whose ideas of civil society were embodied in the immortal ordinance of 1787, were the founders of Marietta college, and they have been its warmest and most steadfast friends and its most generous benefactors. To speak of no others, the families of the two Putnams—General Israel and General Rufus—of Dr. Manasseh Cutler and General Benjamin Tupper, have furnished eight trustees of the college, five of whom still hold to this relation.
The charter of Marietta college bears date February 14, 1835. The institution had, however, been in operation a short time under another name. An act of incorporation had been obtained December 17, 1832, for "The Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachters' Seminary." This charter gave no power to confer
In 1876 Presidet Israel Ward Andrews prepared a historical sketch of Marietta college, at the request of the bureau of education, for the Centennial exhibition. It was published in the Ohio Centennial Volume upon Educational Institutions. The history as it here appears embodies the greater part of the sketch originally prepared, with much new matter from the same hand, and numerous corrections and additions, bringing it down to 1881. degrees, and contained a section authorizing any future legislature to amend or repeal it. A new charter was obtained two years later, free from the repealing clause and giving the power to confer degrees.
The same gentlemen were named as corporators in both charters, viz: Luther C. Bingham, John Cotton, Caleb Emerson, John Mills, John Crawford, Arius Nye, Douglas Putnam, Jonas Moore, and Anselem T. Nye, though two of them, Messrs. Arius Nye and John Crawford, retired from the board about the time the college charter was obtained.
These gentlemen, and their succeesors, were constituted a body corporate and politic with perpetual succession, with all the powers and privileges incident to a corporation, to be known and distinguished by the name and style of "The Trustees of Marietta College."
There is no restriction or requirement as to residence, religious belief, or any other qualification. The State has no management or control of the institution, and no State official is a trustee ex-officio. It is not under the direction of any religious denomination, nor has any ecclesiastical body the. power to appoint or nominate trustees. It was intended to be an institution where sound learning should be cultivated under the best religious influences; a Christian college, controlled by a board of trustees, with power to fill all vacancies rn their body.
The charter has been modified but once. An amendment made December 21, 1844, authorized the board of trustees to increase the number of members at their discretion, provided it should not consist of more than twenty-five. The full number of members has never been reached; the present number of elected members (the president of the college is a member ex-officio, and
has been unanimously elected to the presidency of the board of trustees) is twenty-one.
Of the seven trustees who continued to act under the charter of 1835, one left the board in 5845, on his removal to the east, three have deceased and three are still connected with the college.
Rev. Luther G. Bingham, a native of Cornwall, Vermont, and graduate of Middlebury college, was pastor of the Congregational church at Marietta, though a member of the presbytery of Athens when the college was founded. In connection with Mr. Mansfield French, he had established a high school at Marietta, and the building they had erected became the property of the college. Mr. Bingham left. Marietta for Cincinnati in 1838, and a few years later removed to Brooklyn, New York. He was very active in the early history of the college, and his connection with it as trustee continued till 1845.
Hon. John Cotton, M. D., a lineal descendent of the distinguished clergyman of that name, who came to Boston in 633, was born at Plymouth, Massachusetts, September 9, 1792, and was graduated at Harvard in 1810. He established himself as a physician at Marietta, and remained here till his death, April 2, 1847. Dr. Cotton filled many positions of usefulness, and was a most valuable member of the board of trustees. He was elected president of the board at its organization in
398 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.
December, 1832, and continued president till the year 1838.
Caleb Emerson, esq., was born at Ashby, Massachusetts, August 21, 1779, and came to Ohio in 1808. He was a lawyer by profession and a man of philosophic mind, enriched by very wide reading. He married a daughter of Captain William Dana, one of the pioneers, whose descendants are numerous and of the highest respectability. Mr. Emerson was a trustee till his death, March 14, 1853.
Jonas Moore, M. D., another of the founders of the college, was also a native of Massachusetts, born March 9, 1781. His early manhood was spent at the south, but for many years he was a citizen of Marietta. He was a warm friend of the college, and gave generously to its funds. Dr. Moore died March 24, 1856,
The three surviving founders, John Mills, Douglas Putnam and Anselem T. Nye, are all natives of Marietta. They have all been prominent business men, and identified with the most important enterprises of the place. Colonel Mills was treasurer of the college from its founding till 1850, rendering this service gratuitously, the treasury being also almost always overdrawn, sometimes to the amount of several thousand dollars. Mr. Putnam has been the secretary of the board from the beginning. Both have been members of the executive committee from the first, and they are the two largest donors. Colonel Mills gave one thousand dollars when the college was founded; his last gift was ten thousand dollars. The sum of his donations is nearly twenty-three thousand dollars. Mr. Putnam's first gift was two hundred dollars, and his last twenty-five thousand dollars; the whole amounting to about fifty-thousand dollars.
Between 1835 and 1845, when the amendment in the charter authorized an increase of members, there was but one addition to the board—Rev. Addison Kingsbury, D. D., of Zanesville, who was elected in 1838, and who is still a member. Of those elected in 1845 and subsequently, the following gentlemen remained members till their decease: Henry Starr, esq., 1845-51; Rev. Charles M. Putnam, 1845-70; William Slocumb, esq., 1847-73; Noah L. Wilson, esq., 1849-67; Rev. Thomas Wickes, D. D., 1849-70; Hon. Simeon Nash, 1845-79; Hon. William R. Putnam, 1849-81; Samuel Shipman, 1859-80; Benjamin B. Gaylord, esq., 1864-80.
The Collegiate Institute went into operation in the autumn of 1833. Mr. Henry Smith, who was at the head of a high school in Marietta when the first charter was obtained, was elected professor of Latin and Greek in the winter of 1832-33. In May, 1833, Mr. Milo P. Jewett was made professor in the teachers' department, and in August Mr. D. Howe Allen was chosen professor of mathematics, and Mr. Samuel Maxwell, principal of the preparatory department. A freshman class was formed that fall, but becoming reduced in numbers, its members fell back into the next class, which was graduated in 1838.
The relations of these gentlemen to the institution remained unchanged under the charter of 1835, Professor Jewett having been transferred in the summer of 1834 to the chair of rhetoric and oratory. In the spring of 1835 Rev. Joel H. Linsley, of Boston, was elected president. Thus, when the Collegiate Institute became Marietta college, the faculty consisted of five members, a president, who was also professor of moral and intellectual philosophy, a professor of languages, a professor of rhetoric and oratory, a professor Of mathematics, and a principal of the preparatory department.
President Linsley remained at the head of the institute till 1846, when he accepted the pastorate of a church in Greenwich, Connecticut. He devoted himself to the duties of his office with the utmost zeal and fidelity, rendering fruitful service, both as • an instructor and in the general work of administration. All who knew him will recognize the truthfulness of the words penned by his successor concerning him:
To the deep-toned piety and spiritual fidelity of Dr. Linsley, the institution is largely indebted for the internal religious influence which prevailed, and the frequent and powerful revivals of religion which blessed it during the period of his presidency; and to his earnest conviction of the importance of the institution to the cause of Christ, and his stirring appeals from the pulpit, is to be ascribed much of the public confidence which it has secured, and the favor which it has met with from the friends of Christian education, both east and west.
Dr. Linsley was born at Cornwall, Vermont, July 6, 1790; was graduated at Middlebury college, 1818, was tutor from 1813 to 1815; practiced law at Middlebury, 1816--22; pastor of the South Congregational church, Hartford, Connecticut, 1824--32; pastor of Park Street church, Boston, Massachusetts, 1832--35; president of Marietta college, 1835--46; pastor of the Second Congregational church at Greenwich till his death, March 22, 1868. He received the degree of D.D. from Middlebury in 1837, and was a trustee of Yale college from 1855 till his death.
President Linsley was succeeded in the presidency by Professor Henry Smith, who had been Professor of Languages from the foundation of the college. The institution was fortunate in all the members of its first faculty. Four of them came directly from the Theological seminary at Andover, and their subsequent success attests the good judgment of the trustees in their appointment. Dr. Smith remained in the college longer than any of his associates, and his department of instruction furnished the opportunity to leave a decided impress upon the institution in its forming period. While those associated with him in laying the foundations of the college were men of fine ability and high attainments, some of them eminently so, it is not doing them injustice to say that the college is more indebted to him than to any other of its instructors for shaping its character, and making it a place of genuine and thorough culture. Few men have combined in a higher degree than Dr. Smith broad and exact scholarship, ability in instruction, and eminence in the pulpit. He resigned the presidency in the winter of 1854-5, and accepted an invitation to the chair of sacred rhetoric in Lane seminary, with which institution he was connected to the time of his death, with the exception of a few years at Buffalo, New York, as pastor of the North Presbyterian church. President Smith was graduated at Middlebury college in 1827, and was tutor there from
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1828 to 1830. He received the honorary degree of D.D. at Middlebury in 1847, and that of LL.D. at Marietta in 1874. He died at Walnut Hills, January 14, 1879.
Dr. Smith's successor was the present president—Israel Ward Andrews, LL. D.
Professor Jewett (a graduate of Dartmouth in 1828), left the college in 1838. For many years he was at the head of a female seminary in Alabama, and then removed to Poughkeepsie, New York, It was during his residence there that Mr. Matthew Vassar decided to appropriate a portion of his property to the founding of a college for young ladies; and it was, doubtless, owing in part at least, to the influence of Professor Jewett, that this munificent gift, originally intended for another purpose, took an educational direction. He was appointed the first president of Vassar college, and visited Europe to examine institutions with reference to methods of instruction and courses of study. He is now living in Wisconsin. The degree of doctor of laws was conferred on Professor Jewett in 1861, by the university of Rochester, New York.
Professor D. Howe Allen (Dartmouth, 1829) was transferred from the chair of mathematics to that of rhetoric and oratory, at his own request, in 1838, on the resignation of Professor Jewett. His fitness for successful work as an instructor, and his personal influence over young men, were remarkable, and his loss was seriously felt when he accepted an invitation to Lane seminary in the early autumn of 1840. As professor of sacred rhetoric, and afterward of theology, he was eminently successful. Professor Allen was born at Lebanon, New Hampshire, July 8, 1808. The honorary degree of doctor of divinity was conferred upon him by Marietta college in 1848. His connection with Lane seminary remained till his death, though for some years he was laid aside from active duty. He died November 9, 1870.
Professor Samuel Maxwell (Amherst, 1829) was connected with the institution for more than twenty years, for the greater part of the time being in charge of the academy or preparatory department. He was a man of great personal excellence, and was most conscientious in the discharge of his duties. In 1855 he relinquished that work, and established a boarding school for lads. He was born at Lebanon, Connecticut, March 9, 1804, and died at Marietta, January 24, 1867.
Of the orginal faculty of five,* one only is now living —Doctor Milo P. Jewett. The following gentlemen have been professors for various periods, but are not now in active duty: Professor John Kendrick, a graduate of Dartmouth, 1826, and valedictorian of the class to which Chief Justice Chase belonged, succeeded Professor Allen in the chair of rhetoric, etc., in 1840, having for some years previously been a member of the faculty of Kenyon college. He was transferred to the department of ancient languages when Dr. Smith became president in 1846. In 1866 the department was divided, Dr. Kendrick retaining the Greek. He resigned in 1873,
* It is worthy of note that three of these five were the valedictorians of their respective classes in college.
having been in active service in the college for thirty- three years. Since that time he has been professor emeritus. *
Professor Hiram Bingham, a graduate of Middlebury, 1839, occupied the chair of geology and chemistry from 1846 to 1849, since which time he has been in the work of the ministry in northern Ohio.
Professor Ebenezer B. Andrews, an alumnus of the college, of the class of 1842, was elected to the department of geology, etc., in 1851. With the exception of two years in the army as colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio volunteer infantry, he continued to drscharge the duties of this professorship till 1870, when he resigned to enter the service of the State in the geological survey.
Professor Addison Ballard (Williams college, 1842) was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy from 1855 to 1857, having previously held the chair of rhetoric at Williams college. He is now professor at Lafayette college, Easton, Pennsylvania.:
Dr. Ballard was succeeded by Professor Evan W. Evans (Yale, 1850, who occupied the mathematical chair till 1865. On the organization of Cornell university he was elected professor of higher mathematics in that institution. He died in 1874.
In 1860 Mr. Edward P. Walker (Marietta, 1856) was appointed professor of rhetoric and English literature. He had been tutor from 1856 to 1857. The hopes cherished by his friends and associates, that a long career of usefulness was before him, were cut off by his death, December 27, 1861.
After the resignation of Dr. E. B. Andrews, in 1870, the vacancy was filled by the appointment of Mr. William B. Graves (Amherst, 1862). Professor Graves had charge of the chemicat and geological department till 1874, when he accepted an appointment in the Agricultural college at Amherst, Massachusetts.
Professor S. Stanhope Orris (College of New Jersey, 1862), succeeded Professor Kendrick in the Greek chair in 1873. He resigned in 1877 to accept the same chair at Princeton.
The gentlemen named above are all, besides the present faculty, who have held permanent professorships in the college, though a number have been acting professors for short periods, or have been lecturers. George 0. Hildreth, M. D., lectured on chemistry and mineralogy from 1840 to 1843. Timothy S. Pinneo, M. D., was acting professor of mathematics in 1843-4. Professor Alonzo Gray gave instruction in 1844-5, and Professor W. W. Mather in the same department in 1845-6. Professor George R. Rosseter had charge of the Mathematical department in 1850–x, and Professor William Porter, now of Beloit college, gave instruction in the classical department from 1850 to 1852. Charles H. Raymond, M. D., lectured on chemistry in 1850-1, and Rev. Charles S. Le Duc gave instructions in mathe-
* Dartmouth college conferred upon hint the degree of doctor of laws in 1870.
+The degree of doctor of laws was conferred on him by his Alma Mater in 5870. He died at Lancaster, Ohio, August 14, 880.
++ He received the degree of D.D. from Williams in 1867.
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matics in 1852-3. Professor Erastus Adkins, formerly of Shurtleff college, gave instruction in Greek from 1857 to 1859, and in Greek and rhetoric from 1864 to 1866. Professor John N. Lyle, now of Westminster college, Missouri, had charge of the department of mathematics and natural philosophy from 1866 to 1868.
The present faculty numbers eight, including the principal of the academy and the tutor, four of them being graduates of the college.
Israel Ward Andrews, LL, D., succeeded Dr. Smith as president, being elected in January, 1855. He has filled this position continuously since, and served longer than any college president in the west, and, with perhaps one exception, longer than any in the United States. He entered the college as a tutor in the fall of 1838, having graduated from Williams college in the previous year, and taught an academy for a short time at Lee, Massachusetts.
In April, 1839, he was elected professor of mathematics, in which capacity he was employed until his presidency began. Dr. Andrews is the son of Rev. William and Sarah (Parkhill) Andrews, and was born at Danbury, Connecticut, January 3, 1815. He received the degree of D. D., from Williams' college in 1856, and that of LL. D. from Iowa in 1874, and from Wabash college in 1876.
Professor George R. Rosseter (Marietta, 1843,) was tutor from 1845 to 1847; acting professor of mathematics in 1850-1; principal of the academy from 1864 to 1868; and then was elected to the chair of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy.
Professor John L. Mills (Yale, 1835) was tutor at Yale from 1858 to 1861, professor of mathematics, etc., here from 1865 to 1866, and was then transferred to the chair of Latin.
Professor David E. Beach (Marietta, 1859) was principal of the academy for two years, from 1859 to 1861, and in 1869 was appointed professor of moral philosophy and rhetoric.
Professor Thomas D. Biscoe, a graduate of Amherst in 1863, tutor there one year, and Walker instructor in mathematics from 1866 to 1869, was appointed professor of chemistry and geology in 1874.
Professor Irving J. Manatt (B. A., Iowa college, 1869, and Ph. D., Yale, 1873) was tutor at Iowa college one year, acting professor at Dennison university two years, and was elected professor of Greek at Marietta in 1877.
Professor Martin R. Andrews (Marietta, 1869) has been principal of the academy since 1879, and the present tutor is Mr. William A. Batchelor, of the class of 1878.
It has been stated above that Professor Maxwell, the first principal of the academy, continued in charge of it till 1855. Since that time some graduate of the college has been principal, with the exception of two years, from 1862 to 1864, when it was under the care of Rev. Edward F. Fish, a graduate of Hamilton college.
Of the tutors, all have been alumni of the college except for the year 1838-9. The whole number of instructors—presidents, professors, principals of the academy, and tutors—has been forty-seven, of whom thirty-one have been Marietta graduates. The institution has thus honored its own educational work by calling back its alumni, and committing to them the responsible work of instruction.
The experience of the college is decidedly favorable to the election of young men as professors. It has been seen that four of the five gentlemen composing the first faculty came directly from the theological seminary. Of the eighteen different professors, five only had been engaged in other professional work. These five had been pastors of churches, but, with one exception, that of President Linsley, their periods of clerical service had been short, ranging from two to six years. All but one entered upon their duties as professors at an early age. Twelve of the eighteen had been tutors, here or elsewhere, before becoming professors. Two of the three presidents were elected from the corps of professors; in both cases men who had come here in early manhood. The aggregate time spent by these two in the work of instruction in the college has amounted to sixty-five years.
One feature of the college was modified after a few years' experience. When the institution was opened, provision was made for daily labor, agricultural and mechanical, and each student was required to work three hours a day in summer, and two in winter. As early as 1838 the shops were directed to be rented, and manual labor became optional. The last mention of it in the annual catalogue is found in that for 1842-3.
PLAN OF EDUCATION AND COURSE OF STUDY.
In founding the institution, it was the purpose to establish a genuine college of the New England type. It has been seen that all the members of the original faculty had been educated in the eastern colleges, and the same is true of those trustees who had received a liberal education. Of the eighteen who have held permanent chairs in the college, three were graduates of Middlebury college, three of Dartmouth, two of Amherst, two of Williams, two of Yale, one of Princeton, one of Iowa, and four of Marietta. The institution was thus molded after the New England type, and its course of study and general plan continue to be substantially the same as in those colleges.
At first special arrangements were made for the instruction of teachers; but that department soon took the form of the scientific course, found in so many colleges, embracing all the languages pursued in the classical course except the ancient languages, with some additional work in mathematics and its applications. But while this course, though inferior to the classical, was good in itself, as is shown in the case of the few students who completed it, the difficulty was that the students did not remain to finish it. Whatever may have been the cause, this was the fact. While the regular course was completed by over sixty per cent. of those who entered it, this short course of three years was completed by only six per cent.
The experience of the college is decidedly adverse to
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any alternative course of study not substantially equal in time and degree of culture to the full classical course. The philosophical course was established recently, the studies of which are the same as in the classical, except the Greek. For this the modern languages are substituted, both in the preparatory department, and in college.
With scarcely an exception, the professors have given no instruction in the preparatory department, nor have their energies been exhausted in attempting to carry on a number of parallel courses of study. Their strength has been concentrated upon the proper undergraduate course, and they believe that the result has shown the wisdom of this policy. The requisites for admission have been gradually increased, and such changes have been made from time to time in the studies of the course as experience and the progress of the times have made desirable. The optional system has not been regarded with favor. The first president, in his inaugural address, characterizes the theory that each should follow his own predilections, and pursue those studies only for which he has the most relish and the best capacity, as fallacious in theory and mischievous in practice. The same system was also discussed by the present president at his inauguration in 1855. He says: "This college has not wasted her energies, or jeopardized the interests of her young men by any rash experiments. She has pursued that course which the experience of the past and the wisdom of the most learned have pronounced to be the best adapted to secure the highest and most symmetrical development of the human intellect."
Whatever changes have taken place, the principles underlying and guiding have remained the same. Marietta has no hesitation in declaring a decided preference for the methods adopted at Yale and Williams over those at Charlottesville and Ithaca.
The custom, well nigh universal forty years ago, of attending morning prayers and recitation before breakfast, and at a very early hour, was changed at Marietta in 840.
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES.
The founders of the college were religious men, and their purpose was to establish a Christian institution. The design and aim have been to furnish the best facilities for instruction in all the branches of a liberal, nonprofessional education, and at the same time to bring the students under religious influences. A leading object was the training of young men for the work of the gospel ministry. One of the first donations was the sum of five thousand dollars, given by Deacon Samuel Train, of Medford, Massachusetts, toward a fund for aiding the students who were preparing for this work. But the institution is under no ecclesiastical control, and neither charter nor by-laws imposes any restriction in the election of trustees or professors. The first board of trustees, nine in number, had in it members of five different denominations. And the fund spoken of above is used to aid young men of promise belonging to any evangelical denomination.
The chapel services, held every morning, and attendants upon which is obligatory, consist usually of reading the Scriptures, singing and prayer. Until 1868 there was a chapel service every evening also. There is no chaplain, and on the Sabbath students attend those churches in town which their parents prefer, there being no preaching service in the chapel. All the classes have a Biblical exercise on Monday morning.
Thirty-seven per cent. of the alumni have studied for the ministry. It may also be stated that seventy-seven per cent. were professedly religious men at the time of their graduation, and that twenty-four per cent. were converted in college.
PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.
From the first, a separate department has been in operation, with the object of preparing young men for college. Since 1840 it has been known as the Marietta academy. It has a permanent principal, who receives the same salary as a professor in the college. The course of study occupies three years, and the school, in its plan and appointments, is specially designed for those seeking a liberal education, though others are received. Of those admitted to the freshman class, about three- fourths on the average are prepared at this academy. The average annual attendance, as shown from all the catalogues, is seventy-six.
BUILDINGS.
The educational work of the college proper was carried on, till 1850, in a single building of very moderate dimensions. It is seventy-five feet by forty, four stories high, with a basement and an attic. The basement has long since ceased to be used for recitation rooms, as originally designed. The building is now used for students' rooms, except the Latin recitation room and the reading room. It was erected in 1832.
The second building is seventy-five feet by fifty-three, three stories high, with a tower. It was erected in 1850, according to the plans and under the supervision of Hon. R. E. Harte, of Marietta. On the first floor are the president's lecture room, the mathematical room, the chemical lecture room, and a working room for the chemical department. About half of the second story is occupied as a room for the college cabinet and apparatus. There are also the Greek room, the rhetorical room, and the Hildreth cabinet. In this last are deposited the specimens in natural history and geology presented to the college by the late S. P. Hildreth, LL D. The two literary societies occupy the third floor.
This building, whose corner-stone was laid in 1845, with an address by Hon. Lewis Cass, who was a citizen of Marietta in his early manhood, was erected through the liberality of the people of Marietta. The room containing the cabinet and apparatus is named Slocomb hall, from William Slocomb, esq., one of the principal donors.
The third building of the group was finished in 1870, and was erected by the alumni and other students of the college. Its cost, including the fitting up of the two rooms of the libraries of the two literary societies, was about twenty-five thousand dollars. It is two storks
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high, and seventy-five by fifty feet on the ground. The lower story, which is sixteen and one-half feet high, is divided by a wide hall into two equal parts, one of which, intended for an alumni hall, is at present used as a chapel. The other half furnishes two fine rooms for the society libraries.
The whole of the second story, which is twenty feet high, is devoted to the college library. The room is surrounded with a gallery, and has twenty-five alcoves, each lighted with its own window.
On another part of the grounds is a building used for the preparatory department exclusively, thus keeping this department entirely distinct from the college. This building is of wood, while the others are of brick. The three forming the college group are on an elevated portion of the grounds, with a beautiful slope in front.
The outlay for buildings has been moderate. The trustees have acted on the principle that the real efficiency of an institution of learning is in men, with books and apparatus to work with, rather than buildings. There has been no ambition to erect fine edifices.
LIBRARIES, CABINETS, ETC.
As early as December, 1834, Professor Henry Smith obtained leave of absence, with continuance of salary, to go to Europe for the purpose of study. His departure was delayed, however, till the summer of 1836, and meanwhile efforts were made to raise funds for the purchase of books and apparatus Most opportunely, though quite unexpectedly, the sum was increased by the gift of one thousand dollars from the estate of Samuel Stone, of Townsend, Massachusetts. A like amount was given to each of several colleges, for the purchase of books. The portion coming to Marietta was expended for philological works. Dr. Smith says: "These books were carefully selected and purchased, for the most part, by a personal attendance upon the great auction sales of Leipsic and Halle. In this way the institution came into possession of one of the most valuable collections of classical works in the west, and for a sum probably less than one-third the price it would have cost in this country."
In 1830 a special effort was made by a few friends to increase the library. Mr. Douglas Putnam gave two thousand five hundred dollars, Mr. N. L. Wilson one thousand fine hundred dollars, Mr. William Sturges one thousand two hundred and fifty dollars, Colonel John Mills one thousand dollars, Mr. Winthrop B. Smith five hundred dollars, and others in smaller sums. President Smith expended most of this money abroad, thus increasing largely the number of works needed in the several departments of instruction. Subsequent purchases have been made from year to year, almost all with reference to the wants of the professors. The college library is thus largely professorial, the literary societies providing for the current literature.
In 1850 Dr. Samuel P. Hildreth, an eminent naturalist of Marietta, gave to the college his cabinet of minerals, etc., together with some five hundred volumes, chiefly scientific and historical. He continued to add to this collection till his death in 1863, since which time his son, George O. Hildreth, M. D., has made numerous additions.
Mrs. E. W. Lord, of Batavia, New York, in am . gave to the college about one thousand volumes and five hundred pamphlets, including the very valuable collec tion of educational works belonging to her husband, the late Asa D. Lord, M. D., at the time of his death superintendent of the State Institution for the Blind at Bata- via, and for many years one of the most prominent and successful educators in Ohio.
President Henry Smith gave to the college, by will, his library of some twelve hundred volumes, and thirteen valuable oil paintings. A portion of the books are already on the shelves.
The college has also received many valuable works from Hon. William A. Whittlesey and Hon. William P. Cutler, both of Marietta. From various other sources the college has received books and pamphlets relating to this part of the west, and to the governmental history of the State and Nation, making it unusually rich in works of this character.
The number of volumes in the college library, including the Hildreth collection, is seventeen thousand six hundred, and the whole number in the various libraries is twenty-nine thousand.
Besides the collections in the Hildredth cabinet, which are in a room by themselves, the college has a valuable collection of fossils, minerals, shells, etc. The whole have recently been arranged, and the number of specimens is over thirty thousand.
The apparatus, though not extensive, includes some valuable instruments. Among them are a Holtz machine, induction coil, electric lamp, absorption spectroscope, binocular microscope, an air-pump of great power, a fine Atwood's machine, a theodolite, sextant, etc. There is also a quadrant belonging to and long used by General Rufus Putnam, who held the office of surveyor-general under President Washington. It was given to the college by his grandson, Hon. William Rufus Putnam.
COLLEGE SOCIETIES.
The two literary societies, the Alpha Kappa and the Psi Gamma, were formed in 1839, taking the place of the Phi Sigma, a society with two branches. They have large and handsome halls for their meetings, and commodious rooms for their libraries, which, together, contain over ten thousand volumes. There are four fraternities—three secret, and one anti-secret. Most of these have handsome halls. In 1860 a chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa society was established by Dr. John Kendrick (Dartmouth), General T. C. H. Smith (Harvard), and Professor E. W. Evans (Yale). A boating association is in successful operation. Their boat-house, in the city park, is a tasteful structure, and they make much use of the unsurpassed facilities furnished by the Muskingum.
GRADUATES.
The first class was graduated in 1838. From that time the series has been unbroken. The whole number of graduates is five hundred and seventeen, of whom
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five hundred and two are bachelor of arts, one bachelor of philosophy and fourteen of science.
The class (regular) of 1838 numbered four, that of 1875, numbered twenty-two. No class has been larger than that of 1875, and none smaller than that of 1838.
It has been stated before that over sixty per cent. of those entering the regular courses have completed the course. Taking all the catalogues published, extending from 1837-38 to 1880-81, the ratio of seniors to freshmen is as sixty-seven to one hundred. The ratio between the whole number of graduates and the whole number of freshmen is found to be the same—sixty-seven to one hundred. One-third of the alumni are from Washington county.
The graduates are distributed among the professions and occupations as follows: Clergymen, thirty-seven per cent.; business men, twenty-five per cent.; lawyers, seventeen per cent.; physicians, eight per cent.; teachers, eight per cent.; all others, five per cent.
Seventy-one of the alumni are the sons of clergymen —seventeen per cent. In an unusually large number of cases the college has had different students from the same families. Among her alumni may be found one hundred and fifty-one in groups of two, three and four in a family. Three families have sent four sons each; eleven have sent three each, and fifty-three have sent two each. Nineteen have graduated, whose fathers were students here before them. Forty of the graduates came from other colleges to finish their course here, and thirty- seven who have left Marietta, have received degrees elsewhere. It is believed that no student has been admitted here from another college, who did not bring the customary papers.
The following alumni have been missionaries: John F. Pogue, Sandwich Islands; Ira M. Preston, Africa; Nathaniel H. Pierce, American Indians; Jackson G. Coffing, Turkey; John H. Shedd, Persia; John P. Williamson, American Indians; Charles A. Stanley, China; William L Whipple, Persia; John B. Cameron and William E. Fay are under appointment to go this year, one to Brazil and the other to Africa. Andrew J. McKim went to South America under the Seamen's Friends society.
The following have been professors in colleges: Erastus Adkins, Shurtleff college, and acting professor at Marietta; E. B. Andrews, Marietta college; George R. Rosseter, Marietta college; R. A. Arthur, Ohio university; George H. Howison, St. Louis university, and Massachusetts institute of technology; Edward. P. Walker, Marietta college; David E. Beach, Marietta college; John N. Lyle, acting professor at Marietta, and professor at Westminister college, Missouri; William G. Ballantine, Ripon college, Wisconsin, and Indiana university and Oberlin theological seminary.
Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D., has been president of Wabash college since 1862; General Willard Warner was United States Senator from Alabama; Hon. Joseph G. Wilson was one of the supreme judges of Oregon, and member of Congress; Hon. William Irwin is now governor of California; Hon. Alfred T. Goshorn is director general of the centennial international exposition.
The precise number of those who entered the army in the great war of 1861-65 can not now be given, but the relative number was large, both of graduates and undergraduates. Among those who lost their lives were the valedictorians of the classes of 1859, 1860 and 1862— Captain Theodore K Greenwood, Lieutenant Timothy L. Condit, and Adjutant George B. Turner.
HONORARY DEGREES.
The honorary degree of doctor of laws has been conferred on twenty gentlemen; that of doctor of divinity on thirty-one; that of doctor of philosophy on one, and that of master of arts on forty-four.
The following persons have received the degree of LL. D.: Hon. Peter Hitchcock, 2845; Hon. Samuel F. Vinton, 1847; Hon. Gustavus Swan, 1855; Hon. Reuben Wood, 1851; Hon. Edward D. Mansfield, 5853; Samuel P. Hildreth, M. D., 1859; Hon. William Dennison, 1860; Hon. William V. Peck, 586o; Hon. Noah H. Swayne, 1863; Hon. Aaron F. Perry, 1865; Hon. Joseph G. Wilson, 1865; Hon. Chauncey N. Olds, 1869; Professor E. B. Andrews, 1870; Professor T. G. Wormley, 1870; Hon. Edward F. Noyes, 2872; Rev. Henry Smith, D. D., 1874; Hon. William Irwin, 1876; Hon. Emerson E. White, 1876; Hon. John F. Follett, 1879.
GRANTS AND ENDOWMENTS.
The college has been sustained entirely by private generosity. It has never received from the State or Nation an acre of land or a dollar of money. It was not founded in consequence of any large gift from an individual or family, nor did the town vote, or the people pledge, any sum for the sake of securing the institution at that point. The first effort to raise funds was after the charter had been obtained, and this was to pay for the property which the trustees had purchased, at a cost of eight thousand dollars. This sum was secured at Marietta, three donors giving one thousand dollars each.
This was the small beginning. But the founders and friends of the institution appreciated the importance of the enterprise, and their gifts have increased with their ability. Their example has had its influence upon others, and thus the college has retained its old friends and been gaining new ones. As illustrative of this continuance of interest, and the increase in successive donations from the same persons, a fact or two may be stated. Among the donors in the first effort, made in the spring of 1833, to raise eight thousand dollars, were seven men who gave in sums ranging from fifty dollars to one thousand dollars, making an aggregate of two thousand two hundred and fifty dollars. The total gifts to the college made by these seven gentlemen up to this time amount to ninety- eight thousand dollars, or over forty times the sum given at first. In 1847 a gentleman in southern Ohio gave fifty dollars. In 1857 he gave five hundred dollars. About ten years later he gave five thousand dollars. It is by such men that Marietta has been sustained.
The college has a number of scholarships on the basis of one thousand dollars each, nearly all of which are in the gift of the institution. The ability of the college to aid deserving young men has been greatly increased
404 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.
through the bequest of Hon. W. R. Putnam of thirty thousand dollars. Students who can do so may well pay some tuition, but others, if promising, need not abandon the purpose of securing a liberal education.
For some years prizes have been awarded to students in the three upper classes who have been distinguished for excellence in general scholarship during the previous year. Usually the sum of sixty dollars has been divided between the best two in each of these classes. Two small prizes for excellence in declamation have been given to two students in each of the sophomore and freshman classes. Recently rhetorical prizes have been awarded to the two or three in the junior class who have excelled in that department. These prizes are but partially endowed as yet, though they have been regularly paid. There is now also a prize in Amerrcan history.
In 1843 an association was formed in the east under the name of the "Society for Promoting Collegiate and Theological Education at the West." Marietta was one of the institutions whose circumstances led to the formation of the society, and was one of the first five taken under its patronage. Aid was received through this source for about twenty years, and the cause of education owes great obligation to that society.
The college is beginning to receive aid in the form of legacies. Mrs. Mary Keyes and Mr. Daniel T. Woodbury, both of Columbus, made bequests of five thousand dollars each some years ago. President Henry Smith, who died in January, 1879, bequeathed his library and a collection of paintings, and made the college his residuary legatee, the bequest. amounting to about thirty-four thousand dollars. Mrs. Smith has the use of the whole during her life. By the will of Hon. William Rufus Putnam, who died May 1, 1881, the college receives most of his property. It will probably be between thirty thousand and forty thousand dollars. About two years since Mr. and Mrs. Truman Hillyer, of Columbus, transferred to the college twenty-five thousand dollars, to which he has since added two thousand five hundred. This is subject to a life annuity.
It will be seen that bequests have already been made amounting to more than one hundred thousand dollars, and it is known that other persons have made testamentary provision, which will without doubt be secured to the college.
Allusion has already been made to the warm interest manifested in the college by the people of Marietta and its immediate vicinity. At its founding they gave generously, according to their ability, and each succeeding decade has witnessed a large increase in their benefactions. Their gifts to the present time have amounted to upwards of two hundred thousand dollars.
What has been said of the people where the institution is located may be as emphatically said of the trustees to whom the management of its affairs has been entrusted. The institution has been to them from the first a foster-child. They have regarded themselves appointed not merely to manage and control but to nourish and strengthen. They have encouraged benefactions in others by making them themselves. Their donations aggregate one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars.
The alumni have manifested great liberality towards the college. Mention has already been made of the library building erected by them at a cost of twenty-five thousand dollars. Towards our alumni professorship more than sixteen thousand dollars has already been given. The various gifts from alumni and other former students amount to more than fifty thousand dollars. There is no more hopeful indication of the continued and increasing prosperity of an institution of learning than the enthusiasm and liberality of those who have been connected with it as students.
The following is a list of donors to the amount of one thousand dollars and upwards:
Douglas Putnam, $49,100; President Henry Smith, $35,000; William R. Putnam, jr., $30,700;
Truman Hillyer, $27,500; John Mills, $21,800; Noah L Wilson, $13,850; Charles W. Potwin, $10,000; Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, $10,000; Joseph Perkins, $6,800; Francis C. Sessions, $6,700; Benjamin B. Gaylord, $6,600; Mrs. Mary Keyes, $5,800; Samuel Train, $5,000; Preserved Smith, $5,000; Daniel T. Woodburry, $5,000; William P. Cutler, $5,000; A. J. Warner, $5,000; Samuel P. Hildreth, $4,100; John C. Calhoun, $3,800; Samuel Shipman, $3,775; President I. W. Andrews, $3,750; Thomas W. Williams, $3,600; Loyal Wilcox, $3,500; David C. Skinner, $2,925; William R. Putnam, sr., $2,800; Elizur Smith, $2,500; Rev. Dr. Joseph Eldridge and family, $2,400; Nahum Ward, $2,300; Cornelius B. Erwin, $2,200; John Newton, $2,100; L. G. Bingham, $2,000; Jonas Moore, $2,000; David Putnam, sr., $2,000; William Slocomb, $2,000; Anson G. Phelps, $2,000; Rev. William Van Vleck, $2,000; Samuel C. Morgan, $2,000; Mrs. Frances A. Morgan, $2,000; Dr. and Mrs. A. D. Lord, $2,000; Professor John Kendrich, $2,000; William Hyde, $2,000; Rufus R. Dawes, $1,800, William Shaw, $1,750; William H. Blymyer, $1,600; Professor John L. Mills, $1,575; Beman Gates, $1,525; John Bradley, $1,500; Anselem T. Nye, $1,500; Rev. George M. Maxwell, $1,500; William E. Dodge, $1,500; Samuel D. Warren, $1,500; William Sturges, $1,475; William A. Whittlesey, $1,000; J. Munro Brown, $1,000; Winthrop B. Smith, $1,300; E. C. Dawes, $1,300; Professor E. B. Andrews, $1,230; George Dana, sr., $1,100; Marcus Bosworth, $1,000; W. W. Wicks, $1,100; M. P. Wells, $1,100; Samuel Stone, $1,000; Samuel Williston, $1,000; Robert Hamilton, $1,000; Mrs. R. R. Hamilton, $1,000; William Johnson, $1,000; A. T. Goshorn, $1,000; A, H. Hinkle, $1,000; L C. Hopkins, $1,000; John Field, $1,000; Cutler Laflin, $1,000; Legrand Lockwood, $1,000; William J. Breed, $1,000; R. M. White, $1,000; William Shaffer, $1,000; Henry Stanley, $1,000; Timothy W. Stanley, $1,000; Douglas Putnam, jr., $1,000; William E. London, $1,000; Mrs. John Mills, $1,000; Henry C. Brown, $1,000; Ezra Farnsworth, $1,000; John H. Hubbell, $1,000; E. R. Alderman, $1,000; Mrs. Ellenor Cook, $1,000; Professor George R. Rosseter, $1,000; G. H. Barbour, $1,000; George B. Collier, $1,000; John F. Follett, $1,000; George L. Laflin, $1,000.
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 405
The names of the members of the corporation and faculty as now constituted (May, 1881), are as follows:
Israel W. Andrews, president.
John Mills, Anselem T. Nye, esq., Rev. Addison Kingsbury, D. D., Hon. William P. Cutler, General Rufus R. Dawes, Rev. Theron H. Hawks, D. D., Rev. William Addy, D. D., and M. P. Welrs, esq., of Marietta; Douglas Putnam, of Harmar; Rev. E. P. Pratt, D. D., of Portsmouth; Rev. Henry M. Storm, D. D., of Brooklyn, N. Y.; Francis C. Sessions, esq., Rev. William E. Moore, D. D., and Rev. Robert . Hutchins, D. D., of Columbus; Rev. George M. Maxwell, D. D., Hon. Alfred T. Goshorn, William J. Breed, esq., and William H. Blymyer, esq., of Cincinnati; Hon. Charles W. Potwin, of Zanesville; Colonel Douglas Putnam, jr., and John Means, esq., Ashland, Kentucky.
FACULTY.
Israel W. Andrews, D. D., LL. D., president and Putnam professor of political philosophy.
John Kendrick, LL. D., Emeritus professor of the Greek language and literature.
George R. Rosseter, M. A., professor of mathematics and naturat philosophy, and Lee lecturer on astronomy.
John L. Mills, M. A., professor of the Latin language and literature, and instructor in French.
David E. Beach, M. A., professor of moral and intellectual philosophy and rhetoric.
Thomas D. Biscoe, M. A., professor of the natural sciences.
Irving J. Manatt, Ph. D., professor of the Greek language and literature, and instructor in German.
Martin R. Andrews, M. A., principal of the preparatory department.
William A. Batchelor, B. A., tutor.
R. M. Stimson, M. A., librarian.