HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 133

CHAPTER XVI.*

WAR OF 1812.

Cause of the War—Situation in Washington County—The Federalists —Reminiscences of John Stone, James Lawton, Joet Deming—Caleb Emerson's Statement as to why the Draft was Resorted to—Battle of Tippecanoe—Expedition of General Hull—Colonel Lewis Cass—Captain Sharp's Company—Surrender of Hull—Call for Troops—Expedition of General E. W. Tupper—General Harrison's Movements—journal of Captain James Flagg—Companies of Captains Sharp, Flagg, Buell, Hill, Thorniley and Devol—Siege of Fort Erie —Perry's Victory—Proctor and Tecumseh Defeated by Harrison—Treaty of Peace—Battle of New Orleans—Rolls of Companies in War of am—Biographical Sketches of Officers, War of 1812 —General E. W. Tupper—Captains Sharp, Flagg, Thorniley, Hill, Buell, Devol, Lieutenant Danielson and Major Horace Nye, Captain Jason R. Curtis, Captain Robert C. Barton.

OHIO had been settled twenty-four years when the war with Great Britain broke out. Some progress had been made in subduing the wilderness, numerous settlements had been formed, new counties organized, and the census of 1810 shows that, with an area of four thousand square miles, she had at that time but two hundred and thirty thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine inhabitants, and Washington county, by the same census, five thousand

* The military history of Washington county is from the pen of S. J. Hathaway, of Marietta.

* Among the many who were anxious to have the fine record of Washington county, in the War of the Rebellion, adequately represented in this history were Colonel William R. Putnam, E. S. McIntosh, M. P. Wells and Douglas Putnam; but Colonel Putnam, chairman of the military committee during the war, was the moving spirit in having the present military history prepared. He it was who invited the gentlemen named to support the undertaking.

I have attempted to develop Colonel Putnam's idea of what such a history should be in the following pages, which I began January 13, 1881, and completed in about four months. Meanwhile Colonel Putnam departed, and the hand that could have placed the seal of approval on the work was paralyzed in death. I have therefore submitted the Millitary History to President J. W. Andrews and General R. R. Dawes, who have endorsed the work.

I am under obligations to General B. D. Fearing, of the Ninety-second Regiment, General H. F. Devol, of the Thirty-sixth 1egiment, Colonels A. W. McCormick and W. B. Mason, of the Seventy-seventh regiment, Colonel Douglas Putnam, jr., of the Ninety-second regiment, Captain James G. Barker, of the Thirty-sixth regiment, Major Joseph B. Daniels, of the Ninth cavalry, Captain R. K. Shaw, and Captain R. S. Mason, of the Sixty-third regiment, Lieutenant J. S. McCowan, of the One Hundred and Seventy-fifth regiment. Alex. H. Birkey, of Buell's battery, John Caywood, of Seventh cavalry, Major George F. Rice, of the Thirty-ninth regiment, Lieutenant John Burke, of the Seventy-third regiment, Captain W. L. DeBeck, battery K, First artillery, Captain J. F. Huntington, battery H, First artillery, and others, for services in preparing the sketches of their respective organizations, and to A. T. Nye, sr., Rotheus Hayward, Hiram Hill and T. P. Flagg, of Clayton, Illinois, for information and documents relating to the War

of 1812.

S. J. HATHAWAY.

nine hundred and ninety-one. A large part of the State was still in its natural condition, and part of it held by tribes of Indians. The settled portion was all southeast of a line drawn from Cleveland in a southwesterly direction. It was through this wild country that the soldiers of 1812 marched to the falls of the Ohio, at Louisville; and the gratitude of the country is due to them not so much for the amount of fighting done as for the hardships endured in traversing these pathless forests and holding important posts on the far frontier. In those days the facilities for travel were limited, horses and wagons were scarce, while clothing and all the equipments of an army were difficult to provide so far from the centres of supply, and much of it, when obtained, was not suitable for the kind of service demanded—that of fighting Indians, marching through dense forests, tangled thickets and extended swamps.

The people of the Northwest Territory had always been accustomed to the maintenance of a warlike attitude. The young State of Ohio had a well organized militia, and the service of a militia man in those days meant something. They had, from 1790 to 1795, a fierce war I with a powerful combination of Indians, including the Miamis, Wyandots, Delawares, Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Chippewas, Ottawas and other tribes of the Territory, all under the great Miami chief, Michikiniqua, whose war-cry was "Drive the white man east of the Ohio." General Anthony Wayne, August 20, 1794, had totally defeated them on the Miami; and since the treaty with them at Greenville, August 3, 1795, the Indians had not molested the settlements until the beginning of the war we are now discussing.

From 1798 to 1800 the war with France occurred. From 18o1 to 18o5 the war with the pirates of Tripoli was waged. Thus had the new generation grown up, and the new settlements been formed almost under the shadow of the sword and scalping-knife; and the population, accustomed to rely on the fruits of the chase as well as agriculture and other pursuits, was largely made up of hardy hunters, good woodsmen, and men who had made a successful fight against the ruder forces of nature.

The War of 1812, as far as this country was concerned, was fully justified. The mother country had acknowledged our independence, but would not accord us the privileges of freedom. She had impressed our seamen, searched our ships on the high seas, and made almost innumerable aggressions on our commerce, and last, but not least, had incited the Indians on the frontier to renew their savage hostilities, and for these causes war was declared June 18, 1812. President Madison in his proclamation of war, dated June 19, 1812, urges all citizens of the Republic to sustain the administration in the impending struggle. One would suppose that such an appeal was superfluous, but it had a meaning at that time which we can the better understand by consulting the political history of the day. Thomas Jefferson had already founded the Democratic party by which Madison had been elected. It was the war party. The Federalists were opposed to the war, in this much at least, that

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they believed that the object sought could be accomplished by negotiation without a resort to arms. The war party, however, carried the day, and the verdict of history is that they were right. This feeling of opposition was well developed in Washington county. It was, however, more of a non-interest than opposition.

In the spring of 1878 A. T. Nye, Sr., of Marietta, received several letters from old citizens of the county, written in response to inquiries made by Mr. Nye in regard to the War of 1812, which we give as the best statement readily obtainable of the situation in this county in those days, John Stone, esq., of Belpre, wrote as follows:

The patriotism of Belpre did not prompt her citizens to deeds of peril on the Canada rines. The people believed the Government could have made a treaty if it had taken the right course. The Berlin and Milan decrees of Napoleon were as obnoxious as the British orders in council, and to declare war against one government and not the other was to discriminate. If war was the remedy to maintain our rights, we were in every way unprepared for it.

The blundering management of the war in the northwest gave cause for the severest criticism, and perhaps gave rise to the idea of the necessity of a Silver Grey organization. Colonel Nathaniel Cushing had command of a company of Silver Greys, whose valor had been tried in their youth, who had seen Indians since, heard the war whoop and helped to bury, the scalped dead, but the men who threw up their caps for the War of Ara looked upon these old soldiers as Tories, and sometimes called them so. Perhaps I might mention some circumstances to show who they were, how well they bore the appellation, not accepted it, and how they stood when a Tory was an enemy to his country. There was some slipping away from the legal call of the militia officers, but enough were found to fill the drafts as they occurred. All who went into the service were given honorable discharges. There were a great many sick and ailing when an order for draft was announced, so much so that old Mr. Allen, who did the ferrying at the mouth of the Little Hocking, and who was commonly known as Old Charon, said: "Nearly all the drafted men profaned themselves sick."

Edmund B. Dana and Bial Stedman were captains in the regiment of Washington county militia as then organized. They were citizens of Belpre, and Belpre at that time contained double the territory it does now. The bounds of military companies were fixed by regimental boards of officers. Hence Captain Dana's company, though called a Belpre company, extended into Warren, while Captain Stedman's company was all in Belpre, and within the bounds of these two companies were formed the Silver Greys. I am not aware that either Captain E. B. Dana or Captain Bial Stedman performed any other service than to call out the requisition made on their companies and other duties connected with that service. I was a corporal in Captain Danasis company, and performed the duty of notifying the drafted men in the draft of 1813. It was the duty of commanders of companies when they received a requisition to draft the number of men called for and forward them to the place of rendezvous; they were not authorized to use compulsion. If the drafted man did not go or furnish a substitute he was subject to a fine. Officers were detailed in the order of the dates of their commissions, and took with them their non-commissioned officers, governed by a rule fixed by law. A suit grew out of the draft- ing of an apprentice who never returned to service, in which case the aggrieved master, a strong advocate of the war, sought his remedy in court against the captain, and paid the costs in Goodno vs. Bial Stedman, on appeal from William Browning's docket; whether he cursed the war I don't know, but have no doubt he cursed his luck and the captain, too.

Omitting all dates, Quartermaster or Contractor Craig purchased a large number of ox teams in Belpre and vicinity, and forwarded them to headquarters under his nephew W. P. Putnam, wagonmaster, Absalom Misner, Major Reed, and Cummings Porter, teamsters, which duties they performed in a satisfactory manner and were honorably discharged.

The drafted men who served were Elam Frost, Nehemiah Morse, Lemuel Cooper, Samuel Barkley. The men who hired substitutes were Jervis Burroughs, William Burroughs, and I think George Dana and Joseph Dilley. The substitutes were Joel Bennett, Curtis and Hin- man. Pardon Cook served in the company commanded by Captain Charles Devol; Barkley and others from Belpre were in Captain John Thornilley's company; Captain Dana's company extended into Warren and Cooper may have been a citizen of that township at the time.

To confirm the statement that Belpre folks were carled Tories a drafted man says, "When spoken to I was always called Tory except at roll call."

James Lawton, of Barlow, responded as follows:

In regard to the War of 1812, a large crass of the then voters thought it unnecessary and impolitic. My father and most of his neighbors took that view of it. Of course, we rejoiced at our victories, but farther than that took but little interest in it. Doubtless the case was very • different in some quarters, and many prominent citizens participated in it, but with comparatively few exceptions it was not the case here.

Joel Deming's letter was in substance as follows:

I can recollect many events of the War of 1812. There were a number of young men went from Waterford into the service, Elias Wolcott, Lorey Ford, Elisha Mallory, Norman Hart, Benedict Hutchins, Duty Green, David Deming, William Henry, Alexander Walker, Neal Walker, who all lived to return except Norman Hart.

In the summer or early fall of 1812 General Edward W. Tupper came to Marietta to recruit a force of volunteers for the war. A consultation was held between leading men as to the propriety of raising men in this manner, and it was decided to resort to the draft. Caleb Emerson, in the Western Spectator, of which he was the editor in 1812, says that it was feared that the volunteers would be from the ranks of the Democratic party, which was strongly in favor of the war, and thus the chances of success at the approaching October election would be endangered, whereas, if the draft was resorted to, men of both parties would be taken. The result was that the young men, and others without families, who could conveniently go, were not afforded a chance to volunteer, but men with families to support, and others who were not well suited for soldiers were forced into the service. General Tupper left without any recruits.

From the military papers of Captain Rotheus Hayward, late of Waterford township, furnished by Rotheus Hayward, it appears that on February 13, 1814, he was or. dered to furnish men for the service. Thereupon Corporal John Craft was given a list of thirteen members of Captain Hayward's company, with orders "to begin at the first and proceed down the list until he found two men who were willing to serve, and warn them to appear at Anthony McCandish's in Waterford, on Wednesday, February 23, 1814, armed and equipped as the law directs, to march on a tour of duty, to rendezvous at Franklinton, in this State." The men who were willing to go were Edward Miller and William Prewit.

The attempt, however, to class the Federalists with the Tories was a failure, for many of them were Revolutionary soldiers, and the whole tenor of their lives amply disproved the charge. We are inclined to believe that it was merely a campaign epithet used to help James Madison to his second term in the White House. The War of 1812 really began the year previous, although no formal declaration was made; it was the same conflict, and many Indians that fought at Tippecanoe, in 1821, doubtless fought with Tecumseh and General Brock the year following.

An early intimation of the pending war was afforded the citizens of Washington county by the landing, at Marietta, of the old Fourth regiment, United States infantry, commanded by Colonel Boyd, during the sum-

HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 135

mer of 1811. They were mostly from New Hampshire and Massachusetts, a fine looking and intelligent body of men, who were destined to see hard service. They passed on their way to join General William Henry Harrison at Vincennes, where they were met by several regiments of mounted volunteers from Kentucky. General Harrison, with this force, moved on up the line of the Wabash, and on November 7, 1811, at Tippecanoe creek, Indiana, met and defeated the Indians under the Prophet, brother of Tecumseh. The Indians lost one hundred and seventy killed and one hundred wounded; the Americans sixty-two killed and one hundred and twenty-six wounded. The Fourth United States infantry lost heavily in this battle. Captain Robert C. Barton, a Washington county man, commanded a company, and General Harrison, in his report of the battle, mentioned Captain Barton for his gallant conduct. The Fourth United States infantry were stationed .at Fort Harrison and Vincennes during the winter, and in May, 1812, marched to Urbana, Ohio, and joined the northwestern army.

The certainty of war with Great Britain prompted the Government, in the winter of 1811-12, to call for three regiments from Ohio to serve in the northwest; the plan being to move this force early in the spring and occupy Detroit, which, in event of a war, would be an important strategic point in movements against Canada.

Brigadier General William Hull was at that time governor of the Territory of Michigan, and early in May he arrived with his staff from Washington city and assumed command of the northwestern army. General Hull had seen service in the Revolutionary War, and under General Anthony Wayne, at the storming of Stony Point, had distinguished himself, but he had lost his youthful vigor, and lacked the inspiring presence of "Mad Anthony" to urge him on to deeds Of valor, as the sequel will show. The three regiments asked from Ohio were promptly furnished. They were the First, Second and Third regiments of Ohio volunteers, commanded respectively by Colonel Duncan McArthur, of Ross county; Colonel James Findlay, from the western part of the State, and Colonel Lewis Cass, from Muskingum county.

Colonel Cass gathered a few companies at Zanesville in May, 1812, and proceeded thence down the Muskingum, to Marietta, where he was joined by Captain John Sharp with the Washington county company. Colonel Cass arrived at Marietta May 25th, and was received amid the firing of cannon and other public demonstrations. On the next day he departed for Cincinnati, his men numbering two hundred and fifty in all, travelling in keel boats. On their arrival at Cincinnati they were joined by two hundred more men. From there they marched to Dayton.

After obtaining the consent of the Indian tribes through whose country the expedition was to march, General Hull moved forward through the pathless forests, the unbroken wilds of Ohio to the foot of the Maumee rapids, where he arrived June 3o, 1812, and by July 4th the Fourth United States infantry took possession of Fort Detroit. The other regiments coming up, encamped around the fort.

A sufficient number of bateaux (a boat somewhat larger than a skiff) having been procured the expedition by July 9th was ready to cross the Detroit river and invade Canada. They accordingly moved up the river on that day in the following order: first, the Fourth United States infantry Lieutenant Colonel James Miller; second, the First regiment Ohio volunteers, Colonel Duncan McArthur; third, the Second regiment Ohio volunteers, Colonel James Findlay; fourth, the Third regiment Ohio volunteers Colonel Lewis Cass. Thus the Third regiment became the right wing of the army. Arriving at the point selected for the crossing, they entered the bateaux at daylight, and launched out upon the broad river in perfect alignment, the right a little in advance. They reached the other shore in due time, formed on the bank, but were not attacked as they expected. Marching down to Sandwich opposite the fort, they encamped. A reconnaissance in force was soon made, in the direction of Malden, by Colonels McArthur and Cass capturing a battery over the Canada river, four miles above Malden. Several other reconnaissances were undertaken which developed the fact that the enemy were weak and disposed to avoid an engagement.

General Hull, from some reason best known to himself, on the seventh of August ordered the whole force to recross the river and occupy their old position which movement was effected without molestation and the invasion of Canada ended. The enemy now crossed opposite Malden and interrupted communications with Ohio. On the ninth of August a strong detachment was sent down to drive them back. Here was fought the battle of Brownston, in which the National army lost sixty-eight men. The enemy were defeated, driven back to Canada and communications with Ohio restored.

The officers commanding the troops under General Hull now discovered that something was wrong at headquarters; that the old general was either a coward or a traitor, and giving matters their most charitable construction, it was thought he ought to be deposed from command.

An effort to accomplish this change was started, all the officers signing a petition, their names being arranged in a circle so that no one came first. The design was to place one of the Ohio colonels in command, but nothing came of it.

On August 15th the British opened on Fort Detroit from a battery located on the opposite shore, which could not possibly have dislodged the garrison at Fort Detroit without a heavy supporting force which they did not have. This fort had been designed and laid out by army engineers, and was—what it was intended to be—a very formidable work; heavily armed, and surrounded by common stretching back for a mile or more to the forests, across which an enemy would have to approach without cover, a circumstance which, in event of attack, would have deprived general Brock of the aid of six hundred Indians under Tecumseh. who would never have approached the fort across the open plain in the face of the artillery on

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the bastions and curtain walls of this formidable fortress. The total effective force of General Hull was two thousand three hundred officers and men, well supplied with artillery, independent of the guns in advanced batteries.*

The force of Brock consisted of two hundred and thirty British regulars, four hundred Canadian militia, and the six hundred Indians above mentioned, to which was attached a battery of three six-pound and two three-pound guns. Besides this there were in Fort Detroit ammunition, arms and equipments in abundance.

General Brock, with his forces, crossed below Detroit on the morning of August 16, 1812, before dawn and marched up to within a mile of the fort and sent Tecumseh with his Indians by a detour around to the west side, keeping them concealed in the woods. Brock promptly sent in his demand for a surrender, which General Hull accepted, and the Northwestern army was no more.

This army was composed of brave men who were anxious for a fight, yet their reputation and opportunity for destruction were thus basely compromised and surrendered by General Hull without cause or justification.

General Hull was afterward tried by court martial and sentenced to be shot, but was spared on account of former services.

The Government, during General Hull's operations at Detroit, had called for additional troops from Ohio to support him. These were collected at Urbana by Governor Meigs, and among them was the Second brigade of Ohio militia, commanded by General Edward W. Tupper, with Horace Nye as brigade major, both citizens of Washington county. The brigade consisted of one regiment from the eastern part of the State, commanded by Colonel Charles Miller, of Coshocton; one regiment from Gallia and Athens, the county below, commanded by Colonel Robert Safford, of Gallia; and a battation under command of Major James Galloway, of Xenia, with two companies of scouts of about twenty-five men each— one commanded by Captain Thomas Hinckson, the other by Captain Wood. The whole effective force was about one thousand, until subsequently reduced by sickness.*

At the rapids of the Maumee there had been planted some three hundred acres of corn, in clearings made at that point. About October 30, 1812, General Tupper, being informed of the above fact, through his, scouts sent out from Fort McArthur, and having also learned through an Indian interpreter captured by the same scouts, that there was an expedition of some thirty British and five hundred Indians, on the way to secure this corn for the Indians to live on during the winter, he at once resolved to defeat them in their undertaking. A courier was sent to General Winchester, who was lying within forty miles of the cornfields with three thousand men, in order that

* The guns surrendered by Hull were as follows :. Iron—seven twenty-four-pounders, in water battery; two twenty-four-pounders, on new field carriages; eight twelve-pounders, in and around fort; five nine pounders, in and around fort; three six-pounders, in and around fort; four twelve-pounders, not mounted. Brass--three six-pounders, at fort; two four-pounders, at fort; one three-pounder, at fort; one eight- inch howitzer, at font; one five and one-half inch howitzer, at fort; one mortar; total, thirty-eight pieces.

* From Reminiscences by Major Horace Nye.

the general might be on the alert to either drive the enemy back or cut off his retreat. Meanwhile General Tupper determined to proceed at once to the rapids with what force he had—some six hundred effective combatants, with a six-pound gun drawn by six horses. The field-piece was, however, abandoned the second day out from camp, and the carriage broken up; this was about the eighth of November. General Winchester had been notified of the departure of the expedition, of its object, and the length of time the subsistence taken would enable them to stay away from the base of supplies.

When General Tupper arrived at the rapids he found the Maumee so swollen that it was impossible to cross. The scouts reported the enemy on the opposite side some distance from the rapids, and as yet unaware of the approach of Tupper and his command. After an unsuccessful attempt to cross his force he marched down the river until opposite the Indian camp, still undiscovered. Captain Hinckson, however, with nine of his scouts came on to three Indians, who had crossed to the cornfields. Shots were exchanged, killing one Indian and wounding another. The whole Indian encampment was aroused and agitated at once, like a hive of bees that had been disturbed. They dashed up the river for the ford, but upon arrival there found Tupper and his men ready for them. This was not what they expected, and they immediately resorted to their usual Indian strategy of picking off the stragglers. After several hours of desultory firing, the Indians were driven back at every approach, and many of them killed in the water while attempting to recross. They seemed to have quite a number of horses and used them to ferry the warriors over. These horses were afterwards ascertained to be the same captured from General Hull, at Detroit. The rations of the command being exhausted they fell back slowly to Fort Findlay, on the river Auglaize. The Indians did not attempt to follow.

Had General Winchester cooperated with General Tupper, there is no doubt but that the whole detachment of British and Indians would have been either captured or so punished that the subsequent disaster at the river Raisin would not have occurred.* The motive of General Winchester in not seconding this movement was a desire to thwart the plans of General Harrison; at least this is the construction given to his actions by cotemporary writers.

The winter of 1812-13 was a very severe one, and the troops on the frontier suffered greatly, especially from lack of sufficient clothing. The time of most of the brigade was out by the last of February, 1823, and General Tupper and his staff, with the men whose time had expired, were discharged and returned home.

During the War of 1812 Washington county furnished seven companies, some volunteers, some militia, some regulars, to-wit: Captain Sharp, already mentioned as

* General Harrison's order to General Tupper is dated October 4, 1812, and the report of the expedition October rash, showing that they were out some seven or eight days. The object was partly a reconnaissance in force and partly to surprise any force of the enemy that might have been in the vicinity of the rapids.

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being in the Third regiment, Ohio volunteers, so basely surrendered by Hull at Detroit; Captain Timothy Buell, who went out in May and also in August, 1813. The latter were mounted volunteers. They went to Zanesville; from there to Franklinton, a post situated opposite what has since become Columbus. They went from there to Mansfield, when the emergency at Fort Meigs being over, they returned home.

Captain John Thorniley's company was made up by draft. They were in the infantry, and formed part of the First regiment of Ohio militia, and were called out in the fall of 1813, and their term of service expired March 1814, which term included seven days for returning home, one hundred and forty miles. The company was stationed at Fort Stephenson most of the time of their term of service.

Captain Charles Devol's company of dragoons was called out October 20, 1812. They reported for duty, but not being needed were ordered to hold themselves in readiness to march on short notice, which they did until the emergency was over.

Captain James Flagg's company were drafted men called out the same day as Captain Devol's.

October 20, 1812, the following is the captain's journal:

A. D. 1812:

Journal of the First company of militia detached from the First regiment, First brigade and Third division of Ohio militia.

On Tuesday, the twentieth October, the company rendezvoused at Dolonel Davisl, in Waterford.

On the twenty-first we took up our march at 3 o'clock P. M. and marched seven miles to Stevens.

22d. We marched to the salt works, twenty and one-half miles.

23d. Arrived at Zanesville, ten and one-half miles, where we found good accommodations.

Sunday, November 1st, we took up our march for Mansfield; went three miles and camped.

Monday, 2d, we marched nine and one-half miles.

Tuesday, 3d, to Newark, thirteen miles.

Wednesday, 4th, we camped on Mr. Davis' farm, fifteen miles from Newark—rainy night.

Thursday, 5th, we marched to Mt. Vernon, ten miles, and camped.

Friday, 6th, we marched eight miles and camped—rainy weather.

Saturday, 7th, we marched to Lewis' block-house, fourteen miles— twenty-eight hours steady rain.

Sunday, 8th, lay in camp—rainy day.

Monday, 9th, I went with five of our men to the Indian village called Greentown, where we fell in with the Pennsylvania troops. Very wet and rainy; we got very wet.

Tuesday, 10th, went to look for a lost man; he was not to be found.

Wednesday, 11th, sent a scout of fourteen men to look for the lost man; the man returned about twelve o'clock the third day from camp.

Thursday, 12th, we left Potato camp and marched six miles to Mr. Hills and camped on the same ground the Pennsylvania troops did.

Friday, 13th, marched to Burns' mill, four miles, and camped within three miles of Mansfield.*

Here the journal ends. The outfit of the company receipts for October 20, 1812, was as follows:

Fifty arms and bayonets, fifty cartridge boxes, one wagon, four set of horse gears, four horses, two tents, two bags, six axes; and at Zanesville they received two more tents, eight pots, two kettles and powder and ball.

In this connection it is curious to note what one ration for a soldier was, to-wit: "One and one-fourth pounds beef, or four and three-fourth pounds salted pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey or brandy, and at the rate of two quarts of salt, four

* From original furnished by T. P. Flagg, esq., Clayton, Illinois.

quarts vinegar, four pounds soap and one pound and a half of candles to every hundred rations;" also what the uniform of a soldier of 2812 was, to-wit: The regulation coat was a "swallow tail," made of dark blue cloth, faced and trimmed with buff, buttons of white metal, with "U. S. A." on them. The hat was a tall bell-crowned affair, with no brim except a small visor in front. To this costume was added the "stock" for the neck, of polished leather, wide enough to fit up snug under the chin.

Captain Alexander Hill's company was recruited principally in Washington county for the regular army in the summer of 1813, and was part of the Ninteenth United States infantry. Captain. Hill was, in the fall of 18I3, ordered by Colonel George Paul, commanding the regiment and having charge of the recruiting station of Zanesville, to report at that place. Captain Hill after his arrival at Zanesville was ordered to Detroit, arriving there after the battle of the Thames. The company was next ordered back to Zanesville by Colonel Paul, soon after arriving there. Captain Hill was placed in command of a battalion of the Ninth infantry and ordered to report at Fort Erie, in Canada, near the head of the Niagara river, where he arrived before the battle at that place in 1814.

On July 31st the British, under General Drummond, appeared before the fort with about four thousand five hundred men and laid siege. The garrison now began a vigorous use of spades, perfecting the works which were quadrangular in shape. They also constructed some advanced works, in which were placed guns with proper infantry supports. On August 2d the firing from the opposing batteries began which continued until August 5th. General Gaines, having arrived a few days before, was in command at the fort at this time, and on the fourteenth had discovered signs of a new movement in the enemy's camp. He accordingly put his forces in best shape possible for an attack and awaited developments. About two o'clock in the morning, August 24th, the enemy, under Lieutenant Colonel Fisher, thirteen hundred strong, attacked the left, when the Twenty-first regiment, under command of Major Wood, and Towson's battery repuplsed them and fell back. The firing had scarcely subsided on the left when Lieutenant Colonel Drummond and Colonel Scott, with fifteen hundred picked men, moved up to the assault on the right. The night was, exceedingly dark, but by the commands of the enemy's officers two columns were discovered approaching. Boughton and Hardings' volunteers and the Ninth . United States infantry were manning the works on the right, but owing to the unfinished condition of an advanced bastion the enemy carried it and turned the guns on the defenders of the fort. The battle now raged furiously, but by renewed exertion the enemy was driven back and Colonel Scott and Lieutenant Colonel Drummond, the leaders of the assault, killed, but the British still held the captured bastion. The passage from this bastion to the body of the fort was in a great measure closed by the position of the block-house there located. This, though in a ruinous condition at the time, had been occupied the evening before by Lieutenant

138 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.

Colonel Trimble with a detachment of the Ninteenth infantry, including Captain Oliver Hill's company, whose well-directed fire, at the same time that it galled the enemy severely in the bastion, had completely defeated every attempt he made to penetrate farther.

The column of Colonel Scott being now routed, the guns of the Douglass battery were so directed as to cut off all communication between the contested bastion and the enemy's reserve—and a party of desperate fellows were about to rush in and finish the work, when a spark being communicated by some means to an ammunition chest under the platform, the bastion with those who occupied it were blown into the air together."

The enemy's loss and that of the National forces in this engagement were estimated at the time as follows: British, two hundred killed and wounded and two hundred prisoners; United States troops, three officers and eight to ten killed and fifteen twenty wounded.

The British now waited reenforcements and soon received two full regiments, established a new battery, and recommenced the cannonade. This state of things continued until September 17th, when a counter assault was undertaken in two columns, commanded respectively by Generals Porter and Miller. This sortie was well conducted and successful in driving the enemy from his entrenchments. The victorious columns, satisfied with having beaten the enemy in his chosen position, returned within the works of Fort Erie, and four days afterward the British broke camp and retired rapidly down the river, thus ending a siege of fifty-one days.

The victory of Commodore Perry near Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie, September l0, 1813, relieved the whole Northwest Territory of the presence of hostile forces. The British and Indians retired to Canada, abandoned Detroit, and but for the urgent demands of Tecumseh would have abandoned the whole of Lower Canada. Tecumseh, however, insisted upon a vigorous resistance, .to the advance of General Harrison, who pressed close on the retiring enemy.

On October 5, 1813, with what forces the combined efforts of Tecumseh and General Proctor could muster, battle was offered at the Moravian town on the River Thames. General Harrison engaged the enemy with a fine body of Kentucky mounted riflemen who carried confusion and destruction into the ranks of the British, but met with a vigorous resistance from the Indians. The Kentuckians, however, attacked them vigorously, and after a desperate resistance defeated and routed them, killing their celebrated chief, Tecumseh. The theatre of war was from this time on transferred to Niagara frontier and the east, and continued with uniform success to the American arms both on land and sea. The sharpest fighting, however, of the War of 1812, was done on the ocean, and the people of the United States can always refer with pride to that series of brilliant victories won by American seamen, who seemed sent by an avenging Nemesis to redress the long standing grievances and punish Great Britain for her wrong and oppression.

* From Frost's Remarkable Events in the History of America (1848).

The battle of New Orleans was fought January 8, 1815, fifteen days after the treaty of peace was signed at Ghent, the news not arriving until after the battle, presenting one of the anomalies of history, a thing that could not happen at the present day with our great facilities for transmitting information. The Senate confirmed the treaty of Ghent February 17, 1815, and President Madison made proclamation of the fact the following day.

We have said nothing of many important conflicts of the War of 1812, as the scope of this sketch was to give only that part in which troups from Washington county figured; and considering the population of the county at that time, we may say that she did her part nobly and would have done much more had the occasion offered.

COMPANIES FROM WASHINGTON COUNTY.

(Rolls obtained from official files in Washington, D. C.)

Muster-roll of a company of volunteers under the command of John Sharp, captain of a company, under the act of Congress of the sixth of February, 1812, and afterwards under the command of Colonel Lewis Cass:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain John Sharp, Lieutenant William Sawyer, Ensign Jacob Trowbridge.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant John H. Simon, Second Sergeant Thomas Green, Third Sergeant Chester Wilcox, Fourth Sergeant Otis Record, First Corporal Peter F. Schenck, Second Corporal William Crane, Third Corporal David Miskimens, Fourth Corporal James Elwell, Musician Christian B. Smith.

PRIVATES.

Joseph Clark, Benjamin Beers, James Mall, Abraham Lyon, David Williams, William Goldsmith, William Lynch, Brazilla Browning, Samuel Nulr, John Shingler, John Skinner, Alvin Benedict, Samuel Nixon, James Gary, Joseph Rogers, Joseph Knox, John Black, Jacob Nechilow, William Duncan, Harris Ellis, Lewis Frazy, Benjamin Badgeley, Philip Langdon, William Anderson, James T. Downing, Joseph Fox, John Ward, Samuel Murphy, Ezra Kelly, Jabez Tuttle, John T. Robertson, Samuel McMullen.

CAPTAIN JAMES FLAGG'S COMPANY.

Muster-roll of a company of militia commanded by Captain James Flagg ; ordered into the service of the United States on the twentieth day of October, 1812, by the authority of his excellency, R. J. Meigs, governor of the State of Ohio, and commanded by Samuel Connel, major commandant.

Commencement of service October 20, 1812, expiration of service January 11, 1813.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain James Flagg, Lieutenant Benedict Hutchison, Ensign Nathaniel Olney.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Dora Ford, Second Sergeant John Greenman, Third Sergeant David Trobridge, Fourth Sergeant Peletiah White, First Corporal Jacob Lame, Second Corporal Charles Thomas, Third Corporal Joseph Whilton, Fourth Corporal John Haskel.

PRIVATES.

Daniel Alpha, George Abbot, James Adams, James Anderson, John Baker, John Barret, Nathan Briton, Seth D. Burbank, Jonah Burchet, Philip Cady, Simeon Chapman, George Castre, William Cline, Daniel Coleman, Henry Coverstone, George Daugherty, Thomas Dennis, Daniel Dunahue, Asa Emerson, James Ewings, Stanton Fordice, James Goodwin, John Gosset, George Harris, Curtis Hinman, James Hutchison, James Hutchins, John Imgles, John Kid, James Knight, Elisha Malery, Nehemiah Morris, Gilbert Otis, Daniel Penny, Richard D. Priest, Pardon Starkes, James B. Walker, James Whitton.

Total officers, eleven; privates, thirty-eight.

HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 139

We do certify that the said company of infantry were regularly drafted from the militia of the State as a part of her quota, and mustered, and that they served the time specified, and that the muster-rolt as it stands is accurate and just.

JAMES FLAGG, Captain.

BENEDICT HUTCH INS, Lieutenant.

I do certify on honor that the said company of infantry was regularly drafted from the militia of this State, that they were commanded by me, and served the full time specified, and that the muster-roll, as it stands, is accurate and just.

SAMUEL CONNELL,

Major Commandant.

FRANKLINGTON, September 19, 1813.

I certify that the company of militia mustered on the within muster-roll were in the service of the United States.

RETURN J. MEIGS, Governor of Ohio.

A list of names, with rank, in Captain Alexander Hill's company, Nineteenth United States infantry, War of 1812.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Alexander Hill, First Lieutenant Charles L. Cass, Second Lieutenant John Carrel, Third Lieutenant Alexander Patterson, Ensign Nathan Reeves.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant John Elliott, Second Sergeant Stephen Worthington, Third Sergeant Allen Lowry, Fourth Sergeant Elijah Adams, Fifth Sergeant Ambrose A. Ford, First Corporal Manna Root, Second Corporal John Franks, Third Corporal William Wallace, Fourth Corporal Daniel Moore, Fifth Corporal Cyrus Bally, Sixth Corporal John L. Gordon, Musician Christian B. Smith, Musician William Spurgon.

PRIVATES.

James Armstrong, William Arnold, Abraham Badgly, Nichola Bumgarner, James Brooks, John Barker, Adam Bair, John Bowman, Ebenezer Buckly, Jacob Brosius, Thomas Clark, Nathan Cross, Israel Cross, John Cox, Lewis Clapper, Shirley Callogg, Samuel Cooper, Henry Crown, Joseph Dean, Jehu Dealy, Noah Demster, William Elliott, John Fishback, Samuel Fisher, Ira L. Foster, Joseph Fisher, Matthias Gates, John Gates, Jesse Graham, Thomas Grey, James Garner, Joseph Heaton, John Hill, Elisha Heitt, James Hillyard, Samuel Higley, Samuel Henning, John Johnston, David Johnston, W. M. Lockhart, William Lyons, John Lyons, John Loveland, Ephraim Lucas, Jacob Monteith, Samuel Morfoot, William Morgan, John McCombs, Nehemiah Morse, John McMullen, John Mowry, Andrew Millburn, Stephen Mowry, George Osborn, Benjamin Patrick, Him Pettee, James Prichett, John Potts, Daniel Paine, John Ridingour, William Reynolds, Gabriel Root, John Swift, Oliver Stockings, John D. Smith, John W. Smith, John Stanley, John Silvers, Christian Standsburg, Philip Swagerl, Benjamin Snyder, William Syder, William A. Strong, Jesse Spalding, Nicholas Tee, John Taylor, Daniel Trumble. Total, ninety-three.

Pay roll of a company of Ohio militia, commanded by Captain John Thorniley, of the First regiment of Ohio militia, in the service of the United States, stationed at Fort Stephenson by order of General John S. Gano, commencing January 6, 1814, and expiring March 13, 1814, including seven days for returning home one hundred and forty miles, both days inclusive.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain John Thorniley, Lieutenant David Merideth, Ensign Elisha Chapman.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant St. Clair Kelly, Second Sergeant Thomas Addy, Third Sergeant Daniel McCleain, Fourth Sergeant Lemuel Cooper, First Corporal Solomon Tise, Second Corporal William Smith, Third Corporal William Henkins, Fourth Corporal Daniel Alpha, Drummer William Magee, Fifer David Cox.

PRIVATES.

John Archer, Jerid Andrew, Jonah Birchet, John Bell, Daniel Booth, Perry G. Banthan, William Bird, Henry Baner, Samuel Barkey, Jesse Brown, Joel Bennet, Robert Corbit, William Clark, George Cline, Samuel Crouch, Simon Chapman, John Creig, Hezekiah Chapman, John Connet, Abraham Connet, Jonathan Darling, Mathew Davidson, David Edwards, Luke Emerson, Jeremiah Fugate, Abner Furgusen, Ephraim Frost, John Gose, Norman Hart, Thomas Hill, Thomas Hartley, Kertis Henman, George Harris, Benjamin Hepsen, William Jolly, John Kisley, William Kidd, John Lynn, Benjamin Lamb, Thomas Marshall, Joseph T. Milford, Andrew McCleain, Thomas Newel, James Oglesbay, Presseley Petty, William Ramsey, John Ramsey, Thomas Ramsey, Nicholas Row, john Skinner, John Saltingstall, John Smith, Jonathan Sills, Francis Stanley, Zephaniah Tisen, Solomon Tipton, Jacob Vulgermot, Alexander Vaughan, Richard Willis, William Walker, James Riley.

Muster roll of a company of dragoons (of the State of Ohio) commanded by Captain James Devol, called into the service of the United States on the twentieth day of October, 1812, by the authority of his Excellency, Return J. Meigs, governor of the State of Ohio.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Charles Devol, First Lieutenant Josiah Scott, Second Lieutenant Washington Olney.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant James White, Fourth Sergeant William White, First Corporal John Clark, Second Corporal Pardon Cook, Third Corporal Samuel Reed.

PRIVATES.

Solomon Brown, Thomas Browning, Movus Finch. Gilbert Olney, Argalus Pixley, John Quigley, Joseph Shuttlesworth, Joshua Tucker, Samuel Whipple, Paulus E. Wood.

"We do acknowledge to have received of Return J. Meigs, jr., esq., the sums annexed to our names respectively, in full for our pay for a tour of duty in Captain. Timothy Buell's company of Ohio mounted militia, under the command of his excellency, the governor of Ohio, called into the service of the United States on the first of August, 1813, upon the requisition of Major General Harrison, commanding the Eighth Military district:"

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Timothy Buell, First Lieutenant Peletiah White, Second Lieutenant Sylvanus Olney.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Ensign James Liggett, First Sergeant Nathaniel Hamilton, Second Sergeant George Nixon, Third Sergeant Jabez Palmer, Fourth Sergeant Salmon D. Buell, First Corporal Samuel Nod, Second Corporal Edward Corner, Third Corporal John Darrough, Fourth Corporal Nicholas Chapman.

PRIVATES.

Timothy Blackmor, Daniel Coleman, John Corns, John C. Clark, Elisha Coleman, Z. Cuddington, Henry Delong, Thomas Dunbar, Richard Demont, Thomas Dennis, Benjamin Ellis, Timothy Gates, jr., Stephen Gates, William (worn from original), Henry Havens, Zebulon Jennings, Titus Kimball, R. Lawrence, jr., Robert Liggett, John Longhery, William Longhery, Alexander McCoy, Jacob Miller, Robert Magee, John McConnell, Samuel Miller, Jacob Multon, Benjamin F. Palmer, John Perry, John R. Porter, William Brevelt, Horace Quigley, Dennis Raur, James Ray, Clark Springer, John Scott, Nathaniel Smith, John Taylor, Jonathan Wilson, Jonathan Whitney, Porice E. Wood.

Captain Buell was out in May, 1813, with a company, as has been mentioned, but the rolls of the company have not been preserved, and can not be found at Washington, as will be seen by the following letter from the Third Auditor:

TREASURY DEPARTMENT,

THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE,

WASHINGTON, March 31, 1881.

SIR: In reply to your letter of the twenty-eighth instant, herewith returned, I have to inform you that Captain Timothy Buell has no

140 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.

other service in the Ohio militia, War of am, than that which has already been furnished you.

Respectfully,

E. W. KNIGHTLY,

Auditor.

R. J. HATHAWAY, ESQ., Marietta, Ohio.

Pay roll of a detachment of Ohio militia, commanded by Lieutenant John Devault, of Colonel McDonald's regiment, late in the service of the United States, from the thirty-first of January, 1815, commencement of service, to the tenth of April, 1815, expiration of service, or of this settlement:

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Lieutenant John Devault.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Levi Bevington, Corporal James Playwell.

PRIVATES.

Henry Aye, George Chadd, Ephraim Doty, Witliam Harrison, Philip Hobaugh, John Harter, Benjamin Long, Robert Mitchell, Samuel Moore, Benjamin Neely, George Rhodes, Richard Shades, John Sanders, Ezra Travis, David Thompson, Caleb Wright, Morris Yates.

Pay roll of a company of Ohio militia, commanded by Lieutenant John Devault, of Colonel James Stuart's regiment, late in the service of the United States, from the twenty-sixth of July, 1813, commencement of service, to the sixteenth of August, 1813, on expiration of service or of this settlement:

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Lieutenant John Devault.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Second Sergeant Isaac House, Third Sergeant Thomas Devault, Second Corporal Gilbert Hurley, Third Corporal Morris Baker.

PRIVATES.

William Hurley, Jacob Dunkle, John Collender, Benjamin Roebuck, William Dyer, William Kerr, Joseph Ohaner, David Hays, Daniel Sharrot, Oliver Kyle, Joseph Windle, George Roebuck.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF OFFICERS, WAR OF 1812.

GENERAL EDWARD W. TUPPER.

Edward W. Tupper, son of General Benjamin Tupper, an officer in the Revolutionary army, was born in Chesterfield, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, in 1771. His father was an otficer of the Revolution, from the commencement of the war, in 1773, until its close, in 1788. The subject of this notice was, at the opening of this war, only four years old. His father, with several other families, came to Marietta in August, 1788. These were the first famiries who came to Marietta. Edward W. Tupper was then seventeen years of age. He was in Campus Manilas during the Indian war, and began his business life at its close.

At the organization of the State government, in 1803, he was appointed clerk of the court of common pleas, and of the supreme court, for Washington county, which offices he continued to hold until he left Marietta. At an early period he opened a store for the sale of general merchandise, at the corner of Second and Putnam streets, Marietta. In am he established a ship-yard at the foot of Putnam street, and built the brig Orlando.

This vessel went out under command of Captain Matthew Miner, with Anselem Tupper for second officer, in 1804. The Orlando was at New Orleans July 4, 1804, at the time of the first celebration of that day after Louisiana was ceded to the United States. She made her first voyage to the Mediterranean and Black sea, as far as Trieste on the latter.

ln 1807 Edward Tupper built two gun-boats, under contract with the United States Government.

In 1803 he built the house welt known as the residence of the late Nahum Ward, and, since that, of his son, William S. Ward. This property he held until after he left Marietta, and sold it to Mr. Ward. It was occupied, for some years, by General Joseph Wilcox and his family.

On the third of May, 1804, Mr. Tupper married Mrs. Bethia S. Putnam, widow of Dr. William Pitt Pulnam—who was a brother of the late David Putnam, of Hannan The house built by him, in 1803, was their residence while they remained in Marietta. In 1809 or 1810, he removed to Gallipolis. He was one of the most prominent and useful men of the place, and he had few superiors in southeast Ohio. He represented Gallia county in the legislature for several terms. Some time, before leaving Marietta, he had been elected to the office of brigadier generat of militia, of the counties of Washington, Athens, and Gallia.

Soon after the commencement of the War of 1812, Governor Meigs made a requisition for a brigade to be raised in this division, composed of counties along the southern and western portion of the State. This brigade was organized at Urbana in August, am, and the command of it was assigned to General Tupper—he being the oldest brigadier general in the division. The surrender of the army under Hull prevented this brigade from advancing beyond McArthursis block-house, where they went into camp, and where they remained for a considerable part of the following winter. In January, 1813, General Tupper learned that the British and Indians were collecting their forces at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee, to carry away a quantity of corn which had been left standing during the winter. He immediately made preparations for driving them away. Many of his men were unfit for duty, but he called for volunteers from among those fit for service to go on the expedition to the rapids. About six hundred responded, and a forced march of several days was made to the Maumee, through the Black swamp, then frozen over. On arriving at the rapids the river was found to be so high that it was not possible to get the troops over in condition to make an attack. Only about two companies passed over, and these found their ammunition so wet that lhey had to withdraw. It became necessary, therefore, for the troops to fall back a short distance, for the purpose of drying their clothes and their ammunition. Next morning, however, all were fit for active duty; meantime, the Indians, having learned of the approach of our troops, marched up towards the rapids, on horseback, for the purpose of making an attack. They attempted to cross the river with a large force, but were driven back by our troops with considerable loss. The British and Indians retreated, and abandoned the corn, which was afterwards used by General Harrison’s army. Our troops lost no men, but some few stragglers from the ranks, who were killed by Indians. None of the troops of this brigade were from Washington county, except Horace Nye, brigade major. They returned to Camp McArthur after an absence of four days. In February, 1853, the brigade was advanced to Fort Meigs, where it was under command of General Harrison. About the first of March, 1813, their term expired, and they were mustered out of service. The tollowing is a copy of the letter discharging General Tupper and his command:

"HEADQUARTERS CAMP MEIGS,

MIAMI RAPIDS, 21st Feb'y, 1813.

"Dear Sir:

"The term of service for which the greater part of your brigade was engaged having expired, and the remaining part not forming a command even for a field officer, you will be pleased to consider yourself and them discharged as soon as they arrive at Urbana. On your way to the ratter place, and whilst there, you wilt be pleased to give such directions with regard to the troops and public properly as you may deem proper. I cannot take my reave of you without expressing my sense of zeal and ability with which you have discharged your duty in every instance whilst acting under my orders, and my wishes for your health and happiness.

" With great respect, I am

" Your obedient servant,

"WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

"Brigadier General Edward W. Tupper."

In September, 1813, General Tupper, then senior brigadier general, organized a regiment of drafted men et Zanesville, which went out under command of Colonel Bay, of Guernsey county. One company of this regiment was from Washington county, and was commanded by Captain John Thorniley.

After the war General Tupper continued to reside at Gallipolis until his death in September, 1823. Mrs. Tupper died in 1858.

CAPTAIN JOHN SHARP.

The subject of this sketch was born in 1771, at a place in Pennsylvania, then known as the "Burnt Cabins." He came to Washington county about the year 1800, settled on the Little Muskingum, in Lawrence township, near where the townships of Marietta, Newport, and Lawrence, have their corner.

He was of large stature and inclined to corpulency, and was a man of force and influence in the affairs of Washington county, in his time.

HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 141

When the call for volunteers came in the spring of 1812, Captain Sharp raised a company and joined Colonel Cass’ regiment when he passed from Zanesville down the Muskingum and Ohio to Cincinnati. The troops lay over at Marietta one day, were received by the citizens with an artillery salute and other demonstrations of public approval. They took on board Captain Sharp's company, and on April 23, x812, proceeded on to Cincinnati. They were transported in keel boats. This regiment was the Third Ohio volunteer infantry, army of Ohio.

After participating in the hardships and fatigues of the march to the rapids of the Maumee, Captain Sharp was there detailed, for what purpose is not known, probably to command the escort, to go on board a schooner laden with the sick, baggage of the officers and army stores of General Hull’s army. The schooner was accompanied by a boat also loaded with army stores. This was to facilitate the march of the army, which was hastening forward to occupy Detroit. Dr. James Reynolds, surgeon's mate of the army of Ohio, was in charge of the schooner and boat, but took up his quarters on the boat. They sailed July 1, 1812, from the mouth of the Maumee for Detroit, but in passing Malden the schooner was captured by the British, with all on board, including Captain John Sharp, Lewis Dent, paymaster, a lieutenant of the Fourth United States infantry, and about fifty soldiers. The boat escaped. They were afterwards exchanged, and Captain Sharp arrived home soon after the surrender of Hull, and it may be said of this affair of the schooner that it saved the officers and men on board the disgrace of being surrendered by General Hull.

Captain Sharp was chosen senator from Washington county for 1808, representative for 1814, senator again for 1815 and 1816. He was for some years one of the judges of the county court. He died very suddenly in 1823.

CAPTAIN JAMES FLAGG.

James Flagg was born near Springfield, Massachusetts, May 17, 1779, and came to this county about 1790. December 4, 1803, he was married to Sarah Corner. They settled near Cornersville, in Washington county, where he followed his trade of blacksmithing, until the breaking out of the war with Great Britain, at which time he was captain of a company of militia.

Captain Flagg was designated to command a company for active service October 13, 1812, and started for the field October 20th of the same year, for a term of service of six months, but was honorably discharged January 13, 1813. He filled the office of magistrate in the county for many years. His children were: Edna P., wife of Silas Richardson; William C., who married Valeria Hays; Gersham Flagg, who married Cisler; Thomas P., who married Sarah Corner; Susan Flagg, wife of David Racer; Catharine Flagg, wife of James Rood; Sarah Flagg, wife of Marian Rood; Mary E., wife of John Corner. Captain Flagg’s sister, Cynthia, was the wife of Joseph Kelley and mother of Mrs. Levi Barber, of Harmer, Ohio. Captain James Flagg died in 1834, at Cornersville, in this county, respected and honored by his acquaintances and friends.

CAPTAIN JOHN THORNILEY.

The subject of this sketch was born in England July 17, 178, and came to this country April, 1795. The means of conveyance were at that early day limited, especially through the western wilds and over the Alleghanies. He, with his father and the family, walked to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where they built boats, and came down the Ohio river to Marietta, after being six months on the way. They settled near the Little Muskingum in Marietta township of this county. Yarn the war with Great Britain broke out in 1812, Captain Thorniley commanded a company of militia, and was assigned to the command of a company of drafted men called out in the fall of 1813. His company was in the second battalion of the First regiment of the First brigade, Third division Ohio, militia, and was stationed at Fort Stephenson, Captain Thorniley commandant, Lower Sandusky.

Captain Thorniley was married July 12, 1810, to Mary Compton. He died August, 1844. The names of his children are as follows: William, Mary, Ann, Thomas, John, James, George, Caleb, Elizabeth, Harriet, and Adeline Thorniley.

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER HILL.

He was of Scotch-Irish descent, and was born February 28, 1777, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, near Belfast, and landed al Philadelphia in 1784. His parents were strict Scotch Presbyterians, and Captain Hill doubtless owed much of his success in life to the wholesome training of his youth. Force of circumstances put him in the way of learning the cabinetmakerls trade, though his tastes strongly impelled him to a seafaring life.

Captain Hill started from Pittsburgh with an English emigrant named Alcock, in canoes rashed together, expecting to have gone to New Orleans and shipped as a sailor at that point, but on arriving at Marietta, in 1798, he found it inadvisable to proceed further without more money than he possessed. He, therefore, plied his trade at Marietta, and soon found that the demand for furniture to supply the new settlers was increasing, and offering opportunities for active and profitable business in that line. He established the first furniture factory in thal county, and the cabinetmaker of those days was also the undertaker, and Captain Hill constructed the first coffin that was placed in Mound cemetery.

Captain Hill was married in 1801 to Sarah Foster, daughter of Ephraim Foster, a Revolutionary soldier.

Captain Hill now became prosperous, and the idea of going to sea was abandoned. He was accustomed to toad a boat (one of the old time "broad horns") every year with furnilure for the southern market, generally going to New Orleans, and either walking back or going around by to Philadelphia, and thence across the mountains in a wagon train. On one of these trips south the broad-horn had just reached New Madrid, Missouri, at the time of the great earthquake, which occurred in that country in 18/, and it was with much diffrculty that the boat was rescued from destruction.

At the breaking out of the war with Great Britain Captain Hill was a major in the State militia. In the spring of 1813 he received a commission as captain in the Twenty-seventh United States infantry, and on April 22, 1813, he advertised for recruits in the counties of Washington, Athens, and Gallia. He was ordered with his men to Zanesville, and the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh regiments were consolidated, and the Nineteenth United States infantry formed out of the two.

Captain Hill, in the fall of 1813, was ordered to Detroit, and is said to have been placed in command of Malden. He was ordered from there to Zanesville, and from there to Fort Erie. He took part in the battle and siege of that fort, his company being stationed on the right in a block-house, from which they maintained a destructive fire on the enemy, who had captured an outlying work, but could not hold it. The battalion of the Nineteenth infantry, in this battle, was commanded by Major Trimble. and the garrison and post by General Gaines.

Soon after his return from the war Captain Hill was summoned to New York to attend a court-martial. Meeting General Gaines lhere he asked the general what he thought of the conduct of his men, seeing that it was the first time many of them had been in battle. "Why, sir," said General Gaines, "I could not have expected better service from veterans."

Upon his return from the war, his term of enlistment being for one yea, he opened a tavern in Marietta, under the "Sign of the Swan." Captain Hill was elected sheriff of Washington county as the successor of Captain Buell in 1815.

Captain Hill kept tavern until 1827, when, owing to the prevalence of the use of spirituous liquor and necessity almost of keeping a bar if he kept hotel, he decided rather than do it to quit, and accordingly, with his own hand, sawed down his sign-post and closed the tavern. His Scotch Presbyterian training was stronger than the greed for gain. The furniture business was not neglected during these years, but kept up, and when the market would justify it, a boat was loaded for the south, and the outcome was uniformly profitable until the fall of 1836, when he entered into a contract with the State to buitd the dam and one-half the canal at Lowell, the State being engaged at that time in providing slack water navigation for the Muskingum river; but Captain Hill died in February, 1841, before the work was completed, leaving his heirs to finish the contract, the consideration of which was eighty-five thousand dollars. This money enabled the heirs to settle the estate and pay the debts of Captain Hill, who had become somewhat embarrassed, financially.

Captain Hill was of temperate and exemplary habits, and considering the extent and character of his public services, had very few enemies. He had seven sons and two daughters ; one son and daughter died in childhood. Ephraim Hill died of the prevailing fever in 1823, aged nineteen years. The remaining children all grew up to mature age. They were John, Hugh, Jessie, Hiram A., Daniel Y., and Eliza Hill.

Eliza Hill was married to Spencer T. Bukey, June, 1835. He was a son of Hezekiah Bukey, a pioneer who settled on and owned a tract of land in Virginia, nearly opposite to Marietta. The children of Spencer T. Bukey were Van H., Alexander H., John, Joseph T., and Sarah Bukey.

142 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.

Wallace Hill, son of John Hill, was lieutenant of company B, Eighteenth Ohio volunteer militia, for the three months' service, April, 1861. Alexander H. Bukey, son of Spencer T. Bukey, was a private in the same company; also served as commandant of a gun in Buell's battery during the war. Subsequently Wallace Hill was lieutenant in company C, First West Virginia light artillery, familiarly known as Buell's Pierpoint battery, command by Captain Frank Buell, and after the death of Captain Frank Buell, at the battle of Freeman’s Ford, August 22, 1862, Wallace Hill became captain of the battery, and so continued during the remainder of the war.

Frank Hill, son of Hiram A. Hill, born 1847, was appointed lhird sergeant of company A, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Ohio National guards, Samuel S. Knowles, captain, and on July 23, 1864, was appointed commissary sergeant of the regiment.

Ephraim A. Hill, son of Daniel Y. Hill, served three months in company A, Eighty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, and returning enlisted in battery K, Second Ohio heavy artillery, and served until April 15, 1865, when he died at Knoxville. Tennessee.

Alexander Hill, son of John Hill, served in the same company Van H. Bukey enlisted in--the Eleventh West Virginia infantry-October x6, 1862; was commissioned first lieutenant February, 1862; captain August, 1862; major March, 1863; lieutenant colonel August. 1863, colonel November, 1864; Brigadier general, by brevet, May, 1865.

John Bukey enlisted in company D, Eleventh West Virginia infantry, and was promoted from sergeant, orderly, second lieutenant, to first lieutenant in January, 1865.

Joseph T. Bukey enlisted as a musician in company D, Eleventh West Virginia infantry, and was afterwards drum major of lhe regiment. In 1866 he enlisted for three years in company A, First United States dragoons; served his term on the Pacific slope, and lhen reenlisted in the Twenty-second United States infantry, and was accidentally drowned at Sitka, Alaska, May 12, 1872.

CAPTAIN TIMOTHY BUELL.

He was born October 18, 1768, at Killingworth, now Clinton, Connecticut, son of David Buell, of same place; came to Ohio June Is, 1789, and settled al Cincinnati, Ohio, where he is said to have built the first brick house in that city. Wishing to live near his friends and relatives, who had settled in Washington county, he returned to Marietta. When the conspiracy of Aaron Burr began to attract public attention, in 1806, the President of the United States sent out a confidential agent to Marietta to ascertain the true situation and relations between Burr, Blennerhasset, and the expedition then being fitted out. This agent became convinced, from what he saw, that the enterprise of Burr and Blennerhasset, if not treasonable, was at least alarming. He therefore went to Chillicothe, and raid the matter before the Ohio legislature, then in session; and on the second of December procured an act to be passed, "authorizing the governor to call out the militia on his warrant to any sheriff or militia officer, with power to arrest boats on the Ohio river, or men supposed to be engaged in this expedition, who might be held to bail in the sum of fifty thousand dollars, or imprisoned, and the boats confiscated." Under this act a company of militia was called out, with orders to capture and detain the boats (which were being built about six miles above Marietta, on the Muskingum), and the provisions, with alt others descending the Ohio under suspicious circumstances. This force was placed under command of Captain Timothy Buell. One six-pound gun was placed in a battery on the river bank at Marietta, and pickets disposed at proper places along the shores to watch the river and give the alarm if any persons attempted to pass with the suspected boats. The dispositions of Captain Buell resulted in the capture of all but one of Mr. Blennerhasset's boats, which escaped during a very dark night.

After General Hull's surrender, the British and Indians began to move southward from Detroit and infest the territory opened up by their victory, and in the spring of 1813 they gathered in force and laid siege to Fort Meigs, situated at the rapids of the Maumee. General Harrison immediately made a requisition on Ohio for troops, and Governor Meigs called for mounted volunteers to hasten to the relief of the beleaguered garrison. Captain Buell immediately raised a company of mounted men, and on May 12, 1813, left Marietta for the rapids. Captain Robert C. Barton, who was highly spoken of in the battle of Tippecanoe, was lieutenant, and Manly Morse, ensign. After being some days on the march, they were met with instructions to return, as the enemy had retreated. Over four thousand mounted men, in Ohio, turned out under this call, and all but a few were sent back. Governor Meigs arrived at his home in Marietta (the sarne now owned by Hon. M. D. Follett) about the last of May, and Captain Buell, on arriving at Marietta, drew up his men in front of the governor's house and tendered their services for any expedition he might direct. The governor responded in very complimentary terms as to their promptness and patriotism in going to the relief of Fort Meigs. He observed that he was the more gratified at their demonstration of zeal in their country's cause, as it was the first specimen of public military spirit which had been exhibited in the county of Washington since the commencement of the war. That henceforth he augured a revival of a redeeming spirit of military energy worthy of the county which bears the name of the illustrious Father of his Country. To those gentlemen who had aided the company in equipments he returned his sincerest thanks. Of those who had endeavored to discountenance the expedition, he observed that such merited, what they must eventually receive, the contempt of alt honorable men. The company was then honorably discharged.

On August 1, 1813, to meet a similar emergency at Fort Meigs, the mounted volunteers were again called upon, and they responded with the same readiness. Captain Buell gathered another company and went to the front, but before they had arrived at the scene of action the British and Indians had fled, and an order from General Harrison gave them his thanks and an "honorable discharge." This was the last demonstration of the British and their allies in the northwest. The victory of Commodore Perry, in September, 1813, compelled them to retire to Canada.

Captain Timothy Buelt and Alexander McConnell were elected to represent the district composed of Morgan and Washington counties in the nineteenth general assembly, 1820, and Captain Buell and William M. Dawes to represent the same district in the twentieth general assembly. Captain Buell was sheriff of the county for several years, being succeeded in that office by Captain Alexander Hill, in 1825. He was also a magistrate for many years. Died February 6, 1837.

Captain Buell was the brother of General Joseph Buell, and grandfather, on the maternal side, of Major General Don Carlos Buell. His children were: Eliza Buell, born at Marietta August 22, 1798, died August 3, 1823; Joseph H. Buell, born October 20, 1812; William Plummer Buell, born June 18, 1815; Milo M. Buell, born September 18, 1817; Hiram B. Buell, born in 1824; George D. Buell, born in 1826; and Columbia Buell, born in 1828. Of these, Eliza married Hon. Salmon D. Buell, April 9, 1826, who was son of Hon. Salmon Buell, of Ithica, New York. Their children were: General Don Carlos Buell, born near Marietta, March 23, 1818; Sally M. Buell, born near Marietta, February 26, 1820; and Aurelia A. Buell, born near Marietta, February 27, 1822, wife of Hon. William F. Curtis, of Marietta.

LIEUTENANT TIMOTHY E. DANIELSON.

There is a degree of sadness connected with the life of this young officer who came to Marietta about the year 1804, from Brimfield, Connecticut. His father was General Timothy Danielson, of Union, Connecticut, who died in 1791. The widow (his mother), Eliza Danielson, married Hon. William Eaton, of Brimfield, Connecticut, August 2, 1872.

Mr. Eaton had been for many years connected with the diplomatic service of the United States, and stationed in the Barbary States. Upon his return to this country in 1803, he had promised young Timothy a position in his suite when he should return. Mr. Eaton however changed his mind, and took out a younger brother, Mr. E. E. Danielson.*

This was a great disappointment to Timothy E. Danielson, and he left home for the west, arriving at Marietta shortly after the departure of his stepfather in 1804.

Great care and attention had been given to the education of the children of Mrs. Danielson, both by General Danielson and Mr. Eaton, and young Danielson turned his training to account by teaching school in Marietta for several years.

At the opening of the War of 1812, Danielson was commissioned as lieutenant in the regular army, and July 29, 1812, he advertised for recruits headquarters at Marietta. The recruits were taken for either three or five years. With what men he could raise he left for the front, and entered the Seventeenth United States infantry. He was taken with malarial fever, and died December 21, 1812, at Fort Winchester.

We have the following notice of his death: Died at Fort Winchester December 21, 1812, after a long illness which he bore like a soldier, Lieutenant Timothy E. Danielson, of the Seventeenth United States ragiment. +

Caleb Emerson was appointed his administrator, and among his effects was a large assortment of law books, medical works and a generar assorlment of other works.

* He was afterwards, upon his return to this country, killed in a duer with a naval officer.

+ Western Spectator, January 23, 1813.