HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 647

CHAPTER XLVII.

DUNHAM TOWNSHIP.

Establishment — Boundaries Changed — Drainage — Coal — Sandstone—The Survey—The First Improvement—Elihu Clark—The Dunhams—Description of the Forest in 1804 —Inconveniences Other Settlers — Early Events — First Tavern —Dancing — First Presbyterian Meeting—Veto. Dunham and Briggs' Post Offices— Cemeteries — Agricultural Fair—Churches—First School— Public Schools—Politics—Industries.

ON THE fifth of June, 1833, the tract of territory three miles wide and eight miles long, bounded on the north by Warren and Barlow, on the east by the Ohio, on the south by Belpre, and on the west by Decatur and Fairfield, was established by the county commissioners an independent township, with corporate powers. On the petition of William P. Cutler, Dean Briggs and others, the boundary line between Warren and Dunham was changed and established as it now exists, October 19, 1855.

Along the river the hills are high and abrupt, presenting heavy sandstone ledges. The wide and fertile valley of the Little Hocking runs in a southwesterly direction through the centre of the township. The western end of the territory is drained by the Little East branch of the Hocking. The northern branches of Congress creek carry off the waters of the southwest part. The streams which empty into the Ohio are short and small. The same seam of coal found in Belpre, Fairfield and Warren, is found in Dunham. Its black stain can be seen in many places in the township. There are in places well defined strata of limestone, and some of the shales contain limestone in small concretions. Wherever these limestone concretions occur, the soil produces abundant crops. Sandstone is the characteristic rock of the hills. Large quarries have been opened along the river and in the northern part of the township, on both sides of the Little Hocking valley. The body of this rock is of excellent quality for building purposes, and the selected stone makes superior grindstones. Many of these hills were once covered with yellow pines, a tree that thrives only on highly silicious soil. The Creek valley was a dense forest of chestnut, oak and hickory—the productions of shale and limestone land. This township possessed two important natural sources of wealth, exhaustless ledges of the finest sandstone, and an abundant and valuable growth of timber. The development of the stone industry has only commenced. The forest has almost entirely passed away, the best of it in the form of barrels and casks.

The soil of the valley is well adapted to all sorts of agricultural products. Wool growing is the principal industry of the upland districts.

THE SURVEY.

This township is located in that portion of the Ohio company's purchase, which was laid out in one hundred and sixty acre lots. The ministerial section of township one, range nine, and township two, range ten, and also school section sixteen, of township two, range ten, and Congress reservation, section eleven, of township two, range ten, are included within the limits of the legal township of Dunham. Little Hocking creek flows through Congress section eleven, and school section sixteen. The ministerial sections are at the opposite ends of the township.

THE SETTLEMENT.

The first improvement on the territory of Dunham township was probably made by Elihu Clark, on school section number sixteen. He was followed by Benjamin Bickford, Hezekiah Bickford, and in 1803 Lemuel Cooper also had a cabin on the same section. At that time the forest in the direction of Marietta was unbroken as far as the squatter settlement known as Nozletown, on the Warren township bottom.

Elihu Clark was a native of Pennsylvania. He first came to Belpre township, where he worked at the carpenter trade. After he moved to the present territory of Dunham, he devoted his labor to the clearing of land and farming. He died in 1830. His wife, Helen McCune Clark, died the same year. Miller, son of Elihu Clark, was born February 24, 1799. He died November 4, 1874. Miller Clark and wife left a family of two children, Jehiel, who resides in Allen county, and Ethlinda R., wife of Samuel G. Gorham, who was killed August 9, 1864, by the explosion of an ordnance steamer, near City Point, Virginia. They had three children: Charles E., Stacy B., and Lewis C., all living in Dunham township.

Lemuel Cooper was the typical squatter of the period. He lived mostly on game and dwelt in log huts constructed with the least possible labor. He was generally found

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in the settlements amusing the boys with thrilling adven• tures and hair-breadth escapes. He was master of the boxer's art and considered himself a great fighter.

In the summer of 1803, Jonathan Dunham undertook to follow the range line from Turkey Hen creek to Belpre. He followed the line until he came to a point near the farm now owned by Sylvester Ellenwood, where he lost his bearings and had no other means of finding his way out than to follow the creek down. The land now owned by Mr. George Goddard struck his fancy, and he sought out the owner from whom he purchased the lot on long time, at two dollars an acre. This lot was divided into three parts, Jonathan Dunham taking half, Amos Dunham sixty acres, and Amos Delano twenty acres. Amos Dunham says in his address at a meeting for the celebration of the establishment of Dunham township:

In the spring of 1804, I commenced working on my lot and lived in quite a retired manner. I slept in my little camp a short distance back of where Mr. Goddard now lives; cooked my own pork and potatoes; kept a good fire in front of my camp at night; laid myself down on my bed of leaves and was soon hushed to sleep by the united melody of wolves and owls; and from Monday morning till Saturday night was not disturbed by the sight of a single human being. Every night the wolves would commence howling on one hill and be answered by another flock on another hill, and another, until it seemed the woods were full of them. Sheep had to be enclosed in yards near the house or they would be caught. I had fourteen killed in one night, one of them was not more than twelve feet from where I was sleeping.

For several years after I commenced farming, the wild turkeys would come to my fields in such numbers, after the wheat was sown, that the ground was black with them, and in the winter and spring the deer would come in droves and take what the turkeys had left.

Jonathan Dunham, in honor of whose family the township was named, was a lineal descendant of Rev. Jonathan Dunham, the first preacher at Martha's Vineyard. Each succeeding generation had left but one son to inherit the family name. Amos, after the death of his father, was the sole representative of the family. At his death the name became extinct. Betsey Dunham, only sister of Amos Dunham, was married to Asahel Hollister.

Asahel Hollister came to Washington county with his family in 1816 from Litchfield county, Connecticut, and settled in Warren, now Dunham, township. He was born in 1772, and, died in 1850. His wife, Betsey (Dunham), survived him twelve years, dying in 1862. They raised a family of eight children, three dying in infancy. The only survivors are three brothers: Albert G., Jonathan J., and Whiting B. The former two reside in Dunham; Jonathan, on the old homestead where his father settled in 1816; W. B. lives in Harman where for nearly forty years he has been in the marble business. He began in 1844, bringing the first marble to southern Ohio. At that time there were but three pieces of marble in the cemetery and those only two inch slabs. He married in the spring of 1844 Amanda B. Burroughs, who died in 1852, and in 1853 he was married to Aurelia R. Stone, daughter of Benjamin F. Stone, who is still living.

The early settlement of the township was greatly retarded by the inconvenience of having no roads. Mills and markets were at great distances, and packing farm products on the back of a horse was slow work. Milling was particularly inconvenient, especially in dry weather, when Devol's mill on the Muskingum had to be depended upon. knot only took several days for the Dunham pioneers to go to and come from this mill, but they not unfrequently had to wait a week before their turn came for grinding.

Stephen Taylor lived where the Dunham cemetery now is, and the small stream emptying into Little Hocking, near by, was named in his honor. In a short time his house was consumed by fire. He enlisted in the War of 1812 and never returned.

Gideon Rathbun made a squatter's improvement on section eleven, near the present residence of J. J. Hollister. A man named Munn also made an improvement on the same farm. In 1816 Rathbun moved to another quarter of the same section. He was one of those eccentric wanderers so frequently met with in pioneer history, who are content as long as they have anything to eat and a place to sleep.

Benedict Rathbun, a native of Rhode Island, settled in Dunham in 1816. He was the first victim of the epidemic of 1822-3.

Thomas and Amos Delano emigrated from Connecticut to Ohio in 1804. They stopped for a short time on their way in New York. They remained in Lower Belpre until 1808, and then improved their land in Dunham. Amos owned land 'adjoining the farm of his stepfather, Jonathan Dunham. After his death Thomas married his widow and lived on the same farm. By her first husband, Mrs. Delano (Cynthia Cole), had two children, Julia and Lucy A., by her second husband she had five children—Lewis T.; Phcebe E.; Clark, who lives in Iowa; Amos P., and Sarah J., deceased. Lewis T., who yet resides in the township, married Mary E. Vincent. She died February 26,1860, leaving one child, Elmer L.

Captain James Moore was in Dunham as early as 1810. His cabin stood where the house of the late Harry McClure now stands, below the narrows. He had one son and seven or eight daughters, one of whom, Melissa, was drowned in the Ohio river, near the house. Captain Moore belonged to that rough and ready, now extinct class, once so important in the commerce on our western rivers—the keel boatmen. He sometimes pushed his boat up the Big Kanawha to the salines, and returned with a cargo of salt, or made longer trips in the freighting business. He did not as others did, spend a hatful of dollars in a single spree, and come home empty handed; but he often returned from the long and tedious journey with loss rather than profit. The law at that time allowed imprisonment for debt, and Captain Moore, for this cause, was sometimes cast behind the bars. On his way to Marietta he would call at the door of Judge Cutler and say frankly: "Well, judge, I am on my way to jail and you must go bail for me," or, failing to find the judge at home, the message was left: "Tell the judge I have gone to jail and he must come up to-morrow and bail me out," which was generally done. Captain Moore was an adept in breaking and s•ingling flax. His labor was in great demand, and was readily promised, but the patience of the good women was often sorely tried, waiting for their flax. The late Bishop Morris, the

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pioneer of Methodism in this community, occasionally preached here. A class was formed and Captain Moore was appointed leader. They met at his house and were instructed to the best of their leader's ability, he being a man of good intentions. He removed with his family from the county about 1830.

Benjamin Ellenwood, a native of Maine, emigrated with his three sons—Benjamin, Daniel and Samuel— from Pennsylvania to Ohio in an, and settled on school section sixteen. Samuel Ellenwood was a pushing farmer and highly esteemed man in the settlement. He purchased the first wagon used on the east branch of the Little Hocking. He died June 25, 1857, in his seventy-second year. His wife died in 1862 in her seventy-sixth year. Their children were: Sylvester D., Samuel S., Milton, Harvey B., Benjamin, and Cynthia, who still reside in Dunham township, and Augustus and Corinda (Chevalier), who reside in Iowa.

Sylvester Ellenwood married Lucy A., daughter of Amos Dunham. She died December 3, 1862. The maiden name of his second and present wife was Mary Chevelier. These two marriages were blessed with eight sons and one daughter, four of whom are living—Horace D., Orville O., Lowell W., and Cynthia A.—the two oldest and two youngest. Sylvester Ellenwood owns a fine farm in the north part of the township on Little Hocking. The first improvement was made on this farm by Francis Dilly.

Milton Ellenwood, a son of Benjamin Ellenwood, jr., was born January 7, 1817. September 23, 1840, he married Sophronia Needham, a daughter of Jasper Needham, who, with his brother Stephen, settled in the township in 1816. The family of Milton Ellenwood and wife consists of two sons and five daughters, three of whom reside in Dunham township—Rowena R., Oscar N., and Ida E.; Flora B. (Gard) resides in Barlow township; Milton E., in Clay county, Kansas; Parmelia S. (Starkweather), in Hamilton, Illinois; Delia L. Lewis, in Iowa.

Harvey B. Ellenwood, a son of Samuel Ellenwood, was born August 7, 1822. He married, May 1, 1856, Elizabeth A. Paulley, who was born September 11, 1823. The fruit of this marriage was three children, two of whom—Kemper D. and Ella L.—reside in Dunham township. Samuel E. is dead.

Amos Paulley, father of Mrs. Ellenwood, came to Belpre in 1818, and died there in 1825.

Frederick Lewis is one of the principal real estate owners of the township. His farm of three hundred and twenty acres lies along the Ohio river. Benoni Lewis, his father, was born in Rhode Island in 1752. In 1802 he emigrated with his family to Virginia, and in 1807 settled on the Ohio side. He had been captain of an ocean ship and was employed during the Revolution in the commissary department. He died in 1821. Mary Walton Lewis, his wife, was born in Connecticut in 1753, and died in 1845. Frederick is the only one of eleven children yet living. He was born in Rhode Island in 1793. At the breaking out of the War of 1812 he enlisted, but was rejected on account of physical infirmity.

Loring W. Lewis, a son of Henry, and grandson of Benoni Lewis, was born in Massachusetts in 1805. He came to Ohio with hiq father in 1813, and in 1835 married Caroline Cole, who was born in ail. Henry Lewis was born in 1779 in Connecticut. After living in Ohio for a period he moved to Illinois, where he died in 1847.

Hapgood Goddard, a native of New Hampshire, settled in Washington county in 1814. He was married to Rebecca Wood. His death occurred in Fairfield township in 1866. The surviving members of his family are Eliza, Wesley township; William P. P., Wesley township; Abram W., Fairfield township; Julia P., Jackson county, Ohio; Sarah S., Missouri; Charles H., Fairfield township; George R., Dunham; and Lucy, Fairfield. George R. married Ester J. Smith April 7, 1867. She is a daughter of Carmi Smith, of Fairfield township. The fruit of this marriage was four children, three of whom are living, viz: Loring H., Selvan C., and Harford H.

The first settler of the territory west of the Little Hocking valley was Joseph Tilton, who moved from Belpre township and made an improvement in that part of the township in 1817.

In 1820 James Harvey and family, Daniel Shaw, and William Fleming came from Scotland, and sought homes in Washington county. Mr. Harvey settled on the farm now owned by Neil McTaggart. Mr. Shaw purchased land in the back part of the township where he resided until his death in 1871. His widow, Catharine McKay Shaw, still resides on the farm. He had ten children, eight sons and two daughters, of whom six are living.

Thomas and Samuel Drain, sons of Daniel and Jeanette Templeton Drain, emigrated from Argyleshire, Scotland, and settled in Washington county; Thomas in Waren township, and Samuel in Dunham. October 28, 1841, Samuel married Isabella Dunlap, who was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in July, 1818. Six sons and two daughters blessed this union, viz: John D., Daniel (deceased), Roland S., Daniel R., Jeanette, Mary, Thomas, and James N., all of whom reside in this township except three—Jeanette, McFarlan, Barlow township; Robert in Illinois, and Daniel R. in Adams county, Iowa.

Almond Henderson, a grandson of Edward Henderson, is the principal proprietor of school section sixteen. Edward Henderson was a native of Glasgow, Scotland, whence he emigrated to Massachusetts and then to Washington county, where he was employed as a spy. Josiah Henderson, of Belpre, and James, who was born in 1791 and died in 1835, were his sons. James married Jane Lucas, daughter of Nathaniel Lucas, who was born in 1805. They had three sons—Israel, Almond, and Edward. Israel lives in Minnesota, and Edward in Vinton county, Ohio. On March 10, 1859, Almond married Jane Dunlap, who was born March 17, 1818. The fruit of this marriage was one daughter—Elizabeth.

John Mitchel, the son of Hugh Mitchel was born September 8, 1835. Hugh Mitchel emigrated from Scotland in 1841 and first settled in Barlow township. He afterward located in Dunham, where he died October 5, 1856, in his forty-ninth year. He married Margaret Dunlap, who was born in 1815, and is still living.

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The surviving members of the family are: John, living in Dunham township; Jeanette Drain, in Belpre; Robert, in Boone county, Illinois; Jane, in Winnebago county, Illinois; Mary, in Wood county, West Virginia; Hugh, in Belpre township, and Archibald B. in Boone county, Illinois. John was married to Hannah E. Burnett, February 26, 1863. They have a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters, viz: Charles H., Mary A., Maggie E., Sarah B., Nettie M., John E., and Daniel T. All are living in Dunham township.

Charles 0. Pond is descended from one of the earliest settlers of Barlow township. His great-grandfather, Samuel B. Pond, came to that township from Vermont. Leonidas P., a son of Samuel B. Pond, was born May 23, 1826, and died January 25, 1874. November 23, 1854 he married Mary M. Gard, daughter of Hiram Gard, who was born March 31, 1834. They had four children : Hiram 0., Charles V., Beman L, and Sylvester P. Hiram 0. lives in Columbus, the other three live in Dunham township.

In 1815 Alexander Calder settled near the present line between Warren and Dunham townships. He was born in 1789 in New York, where he married Phcebe Mabey, about 18ro. She was born in New York in 1780 and died in 1820, having had six children, of whom but one survives— Margaret (Swan) of Meigs county. He was married in 1825 to Cecy Casey, who was born at Fairfax, Virginia, in 1800. The fruit of this union was six children, five of whom survive, viz: William, David B., Philip C., and Wallace, who reside in Dunham township, and Van Buren who lives in Belpre township. Alexander died in 1848. During the War of 1812, Mr. Calder was living in Canada. He was imprisoned as a citizen of the United States, but soon received his pardon. After coming to Washington county, he opened a large stone quary on his farm and engaged in the manufacture of grindstones.

David B., son of Alexander Calder, was born in 1829. In 1855 he married Mary E. McClure, who was born in 1832. Their family consists of five children: Ida L., Flora M., Witmer A., Stella E., and David R. Mr. Calder's connection with the stone producing and manufacturing industry, is fully noted further along.

William Calder, oldest son of Alexander Calder, was born in 1827. In 1857 he married Jane H. King, who was born in Pittsburgh in 1838. They have seven children, viz: Mary R., Clara Estella, Geneverive M., Lizzie Gertrude, Louis W., Mable L., and Myrtle L. Both William and D. B. Calder have worked in the quarries along the river ledges all their lives. Their quarries produce stone of superior quality.

Harry McClure, son of Andrew McClure, of Waterford township, was born in Waterford township in 1803. In 1827 he married Lavinia Humiston, daughter of Jasen Humiston, of Watertown. She was born about 1805. They had nine children, seven of whom are living. The military record of the sons deserves special mention in this connection: Emeline lives at home; William lives in Sioux city, Iowa; Mary, wife of D. B. Calder, in Dunham; Andrew J., in Lincoln, Nebraska;

Henry 0., in Missouri; Theodore died from sickness contracted in the army. He was wounded at Shiloh, and was color bearer at Mission Ridge; Dyar B. died in 1862, from the effects of a wound received at Lewis- burgh, West Virginia; William was train master for the Thirty-sixth Ohio volunteer infantry, and Andrew in the First Iowa infantry and First Iowa battery. Alonzo went out in the hundred days' service. Harry McClure died in Dunham township in 1855.

William P. Cole, a son of Philip Cole, was born in Warren township in 1814. In 1840 he married Louisa Shield, who was born in Wood county, West Virginia, in aro. They have had eight children, five of whom are living: Sarah S., David, Philip S., Effie and Arthur W.

Freman Hopkins emigrated from Connecticut, and settled in Warren township in 1816. He soon removed however, to the part of Dunham which was formerly included in Belpre, where he died in 1857, aged seventy-two years. In 1808 he married Sarah Leech, who was born in Sharon, Connecticut, in 1790. She died in 1856. When Mr. Hopkins came to Ohio, he was a poor man. He worked at the shoemaker trade in winter, and farmed during the summer. By that means he acquired financial independence. He had eleven children, eight of whom are living: Joline P., Mrs. Harrington, Louisa, Frances (Burrows), Sarah and Morgan live in Dunham ; Mrs. Annie Patton lives in Watertown, and Mrs. Henriette Crosen lives in Barlow.

Joline P. Hopkins was born in 1809, in Connecticut. In 1835 he married Electa French, who was born in the part of Dunham formerly included in Warren in 1817. They had six children: Le Roy lives at home; Isaac, in Barlow township; Mrs. Melissa Martin, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Mrs. Nettie Meddlesweart, in Warren. Mr. Hopkins owns and lives on the farm formerly owned by his father-in-law, Isaac French.

William Seffens, a native of Lancashire, England, emigrated to America in 1841, and settled in Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1850, when he came to Dunham township. Both Mr. Seffens and his wife, Ann Shackleton, were born in 1801. She died in 1849; he in 1858. They had fourteen children, six of whom are living: Mary Ann (Taylor), of Highland county; Sarah (Perdew), Warren township; Hannah (Welshaus), Alleghany, Pennsylvania; Elizabeth (Eaton), Allegheny, Pennsylvania; Jane Hanna, of Warren township; and John, Dunham township. John, youngest son of William Seffens, was born in 1838. In 1869 he married Harriet Taylor, who was born in England in 1837. They have had ten children, of whom the following are living, viz: James, John, Ann, Edward, Joseph, Hugh, and Flora. Mr. Seffens gives particular attention to sheep-raising.

William Mankin emigrated from Maryland to Ohio in 1824, and settled in the part of Dunham township formerly included in Warren. He died in 1870, in his ninetieth year. His wife, Elizabeth Carey, was born in 1783, and died in 1875. They had four children. William F., Francis F., and John live in Dunham township; Joseph W. lives in Henry county, Illinois. William F.

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Mankin was born in 1816. In 1839 he married Harriet Dodge, who was born in Delaware in 1820. They have four children. Charity, Ezra, and Rhoda (Bingham) live in Dunham; Martha (Beech), in Barlow.

Alexander McTaggart was born in Argyishire, Scotland, in 1817. He emigrated to America in 1838, his older brother, Neil, having preceded him about five years. Neil had made a permanent settlement in the part of Dunham formerly included in Belpre, and Alexander on arriving joined him. In 1843 he married Jeanette Fleming, who was born in 1823. They have one child, Alexander, who lives at home. When Mr. McTaggart came to Ohio he was in debt. He is now one of the wealthiest men in the township.

EARLY EVENTS.

The first frame house in the township was built for Amos Dunham, by a carpenter named Graves.

A tavern was opened near the head of Neil's island, in 1805, by Nathan Cole. One large room was suitable for dancing, and parties frequently gathered there to practice the art, which was much cultivated at that time. Willard Green was the usual fiddler. The ideal of grace in dancing was to keep the body erect and steady and move with a noiseless step. Some attained such proficiency that they could perform any of the fashionable dances of the day with a butter bowl on their heads.

Mr. Cole sold his tavern stand to James Harvey, and it was in the ball-room of this building that the first Presbyterian meeting was held between Belpre and Marietta. In this room the first steps were taken toward the organization of the Presbyterian church of Warren.

POST OFFICES.

There are in this township no villages, but the citizens have nothing to complain of in the way of postal facilities, there being an office at each end and one near the centre of the territory.

Veto was the first post office established within the present limits of the township. William Chevalier was commissioned postmaster in 1850. He was succeeded by Mr. Deshler. Malcolm Shaw has held the office a number of years.

Dunham post office was established in 1857. Postmasters—Jasper Needham, J. J. Hollister, and Justine Hollister.

In 1875 the citizens along the river asked for an office in their neighborhood. Their petition was granted and Briggs post office established in March of that year. William Calder, the present incumbent, was appointed to take charge of the office.

CEMETERIES.

The first cemetery within the present limits of Dunham township is located on Hocking, near the mouth of Taylor's run. Upon the death of Lucinda, a daughter of Amos Dunham, a small lot was set apart by Jonathan Dunham as a public burying-ground. This lot next passed into possession of Betsey Hollister and from her to her son, R. D. Hollister. It was transferred by him to George and Charles Goddard, who made it a public cemetery and placed it under the charge of the township trustees.

The cemetery on the Shaw farm, near Veto post office, was set apart for the use of the public upon the death of Joseph Tilton, one of the first settlers of that section of the township. It has been entensively used by the citizens of Scotch descent.

The burying-ground on the farm now owned by L D. Hopkins was fenced off for burial purposes at the death of Isaac French, who was at the time of his death owner of the farm.

AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.

About 1850 the farmers of Dunham fell into the habit of holding plowing exhibitions, which excited a great deal of interest throughout the community. These tests of skill soon became more general, and finally grew into a general agricultural fair. An association, of which J. J. Hollister was chosen president, was formed, grounds near Veto post office were leased and improved, and interesting annual exhibitions were held until the second year of the war, when for various reasons the enterprise was abandoned.

CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES.

It was said of Dunham township at the time of its establishment in 1855, that neither a church nor a saloon was located within its boundaries. There had been churches, and a church has since been built, but no one has ever engaged in the sale of intoxicating liquors.

A temperance society, which was organized in 1837, exercised an important influence. Its membership was composed of the leading citizens, who felt the necessity of a revolution of opinion relative to the free use of distilled liquors. This society was under charge of men of sense and experience, and avoided those extremes into which similar associations too frequently fall. Meetings were held at private houses and at school-houses; meetings were addressed by members and others, and conversation relative to the subject freely indulged in by all. In that way a healthy public sentiment was created, without which reform of any kind is impossible. After a number of years, meetings ceased to be held and the organization broke up, its purposes having to a considerable degree been accomplished.

As in most other rural communities, the Methodist was the pioneer church. A class was formed soon after the first settlement, which was supplied by the preachers of Marietta circuit and later by those of Barlow circuit. A frame building was erected about 1830 on the Little Hocking, in which services were held occasionally until 1855. The building was removed before the war.

A Universalist society was organized by members from the Belpre church in 1845. This society was ministered to by Thompson Barron and J. M. McMaster. Meetings were held in school-houses. The society was never strong in numbers, and soon dissolved and reunited with the Belpre church.

The opening up of extensive quarries along the Little Hocking brought to the township many laborers, most of whom were members of the United Brethren church.

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They naturally desired a house of worship, but felt themselves unable to bear the expense of building. William P. Cutler, who at that time was operating the principal quarries, donated a lot, and In 1871 erected a neat frame church, which bears the name "Cutler chapel." He deeded this property to the "United Brethren church," specifying, however, that the house should always be open for the use of all denominations. When Mr. Cutler's quarries in that community ceased to be operated, many of the members were thrown out of employment and the congregation became small. Preaching service is yet maintained. It was connected with Plymouth circuit until 1879; since that time with Watertown circuit.

SCHOOLS.

The earliest settlers along the Little Hocking sent their children to school at Belpreville, where Amos Dunham was the teacher. About 1814, a school-house was built by subscription on the Goddard farm. In this house the first, and for a long time the best, school within the present territory of the town was maintained. Ethlinda Clark taught there in the summer of 1816 and the following winter Samuel Clark from Massachusetts was the teacher. In 1818, Dr. Robertson, a superaunated physician from New Jersey, taught a family.school at the house of Asahel Hollister where he lived. During the next winter he taught in the school-house. In 1820, a log school-house was built near the forks of the Little Hocking. During the following winter this school was taught by Amos Dunham and attended by seventy scholars. An anecdote is told in this connection of the eccentric Gideon Rathbun. Scholars under a certain age were received at half price, and the subscription paper in consequence showed many halves the subscriptions running, "scholars, three and a half, two and a half, etc. Gideon determined to be accurate, wrote his subscription "scholars, 20 halves" (Two scholars, no halves) succeeding teachers in this school were: R. D. Hollister, Jonah Robbins, Sally Smith, Mr. Fenny, W. B. Hollister, J. J. Hollister, Mr. Proctor, and others. Mr. Proctor has since become one of the leading journalists of Iowa.

The second school-house in the township was built near the river, but this in early times was regarded an inferior school, the more advanced pupils of the northern part of the neighborhood going to Warren and those in the southern, to Belpre. The third was west of the Little Hocking. The house was built by a portion of those who had formerly belonged to the Hocking district. Mr. Hand and A. G. Hollister were the first teachers. The township, after its establishment in 1855, was divided into five full and two fractional districts. The compliments of the fractional districts are in Belpre, in which township one of the school-houses is located. The houses in this township are generally comfortable, and good talent is employed.

ELECTIONS.

The first election was held June 30, 1855, at the school-house near the forks of the Little Hocking. Succeeding elections were held for a few years at the same place, afterwards at Glendale school-house in the Hollister settlement. In 1871 a town-house was built, where elections have since been held.

In politics Dunham has always been Democratic, the lowest majority for that party having been nineteen in 1861.

STONE QUARRIES AND GRINDSTONE MANUFACTURE.

The first stone quarries in Dunham were opened up by Averal Harris, Mr. Schwan and Oren Newton about 1820. At this time there was no demand for building stone, but the manufacture of grindstones was found a profitable industry. Flat-boats were used exclusively for transporting the handcut stones down the river to the Cincinnati market, and walking back was part of the business. A. Calder opened a fine quarry in the river ledges, and as navigation improved, the industry grew in extent and importance. Along the Little Hocking the industry was carried on most extensively in 1870-71, by the Ohio River Stone company, William P. Cutter, Malcolm Blue and O'Connor & Blue. O'Connor & Blue at present operate the largest quarries in this section of the stone district.

A. B. and W. Calder have been operating extensive quarries along the river since 1870. The piers for the railroad bridge at Parketsburgh, and the stone for the ornamental work of the Episcopal church at Parkersburgh came from their quarry. An establishment was erected near the river, by Mr. O'Connor for sawing out building stone, but did not prove as successful as was anticipated.

Well informed operators estimate that the sandstone ledges in Dunham and Warren township have already been the source of more than three hundred thousand dollars revenue. These stone in quality, are unexcelled anywhere on the continent, are convenient both to river and railroad and will for years be the source of great wealth.

COOPERING.

The number of fine chestnut-oaks in the forest determined the industry of the pioneer community. Many farmers became coopers, and trained tradesmen engaged in the business of making barrels, for which there was a constant demand. The home consumption of farm products was at that time very small, and slack barrels were required for shipping apples, potatoes, etc., to Cincinnati, New Orleans, and other markets. Meat tubs and other casks were also extensively manufactured in this portion of the county.

NOTE.—Whenever the term Dunham township is used in the preceding narrative, the territory within the boundaries of the legal township, as established in ass, is meant.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH,

GEORGE R. GODDARD.

One of the most prosperous and well-known farmers in Washington county is Mr. G. R. Goddard, of Dunham

HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 653

township. His father, Hapgood Goddard, was one of the early settlers of the county.

Hapgood Goddard was born in Swansey, New Hampshire, April 12, 1783. His father was the minister of the Congregational church in Swansey, for over twenty years. He was rather too liberal in his theological views for large popularity in those strict, old Puritan days. Hapgood Goddard married, on May 7, 1807, Miss Rebecca Wood, who was born in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, August 29, 1787. Her father was minister of the Congregational church in Chesterfield for fifty-one years. He was of the most rigid, orthodox views.

Mr. Goddard, at the time of his marriage, was engaged in the mercantile business, but his business was broken up by Jefferson's embargo, he having at the time a large amount of produce on hand. He settled up his business as far as he was able, leaving only two hundred dollars unpaid. The creditor of this debt bade him go and prosper, and pay the debt when he was able. Mr. Goddard then started for Ohio on horseback. This was in 18x 2. Hecame to Washington county, and, while in Belpre, heard the Government strongly denounced for the war in a Fourth of July oration. He was satisfied with what he saw of the country, and returned for his family.

The family, consisting of Mr. and Mrs. Goddard and three children, commenced their journey in September 1814, in a wagon drawn by a team consisting of one blind mare, and another one twenty-one years old. With this team they started for Belpre, Washington county, Ohio, eight hundred miles distant, and that, too, over the mountains across which there were no roads.

At one time in the journey he was within hearing of the battle of Plattsburgh, but so tardy was communication in those early days that he reached the Ohio river before he heard the result of the battle. At another time, while in the mountains, they were belated, and the. night came upon them before they could find a lodging place. While they were travelling in almost total darkness, the wagon upset. Mr. Goddard spread a blanket on the ground, and here his wife seated herself, took one child in her lap and one under each arm, and waited while her husband went, she knew not how far, for help to right the wagon. At that time the woods were full of bears and other wild animals. No doubt her heart leaped with joy when, after an anxious suspense, lights appeared, and her husband came with three men to help them on.

Mr. Goddard arrived in Marietta in October, 1814, with a two-dollar and a three-dollar bill in his pocket. The ferryman over the Muskingum refused to take either of these, saying that they were counterfeit. On their arrival at Major Putnam's, in Belpre, the bills were found to be genuine. Mr. Goddard immediately returned to pay the ferryman. He found his bill charged to "Mr. Yankee," the ferryman never expecting to see him again.

The family lived for one year on Blennerhassett's island, and one year in what is known as the "Old Beebe house," in Belpre. During the winter of 1816—17 Mr. Goddard taught school, and in March, 1817, moved his family to what was then known as "White Oak settlement," in Wooster township. Here they underwent such hardships, frequent in that early day, as the present generation would consider unendurable. There was scarcely any money. But the greatest cause of distress was the lack of salt; Mr. Goddard paid four dollars for a hundred pounds, and carried it from the river on his horse. At this time wheat would not bring twenty-five cents a bushel

It was during his residence in Wooster township that Wesley and Fairfield townships were made. He was clerk of these townships for many years. He was a candidate for commissioner at one time. Although his party were largely in the minority, yet he lacked but five votes of an election, his personal popularity outweighing much party prejudice.

In 1837 he returned to his native State and paid his last debt of two hundred dollars. After visiting his friends he returned to Ohio, about the fourth of July, 1837. His return trip was the fourth one he had made over those eight hundred miles on horseback. Each time he made the trip in sixteen days. He made the trip once in a wagon, when he brought his family out, in twenty-eight days. As late as 1837 there was no better means of travelling than by horses.

In 1847 Mr. Goddard retired from active life, and his two sons, C. H. and G. R., took charge of the farm of one hundred and seventy acres which he had acquired, and also his stock. After this date he lived with his son, C. H. Goddard, of Fairfield township, until his death, which occurred January 21, 1865, he being eighty-two years old. His wife survived him ten years, dying at the same place February 27, 1873, at the age of eighty-eight years.

Mr. and Mrs. Goddard had ten children, five sons and five daughters; of these, eight are now living; their names and births are as follows: Frances Amanda, born February 17, 1810, died August 19, 1844; Edward Hapgood, born May 20, 181 t, died November 27, 1853; Eliza Alvisa, born January 23, 1813; William Pitt Putnam, born December 24, 184; Abraham Wood, born March 11, 1817; Julia Putnam, born September 30, 1819; Sarah Loring, born February 19, 1822; Charles Howe, born December 24, 1824; George Rodney, born April 7, 1827; Lucy Eaton, born September 1, 1829.

Mr. Goddard was a man of intense energy and indomitable will. Such characteristics were necessary to conquer the difficulties of those early days. He was devoted to his family, and, being a man of good education himself, determined that all his children should have as good an education as could be gotten at that day. He was very poor and scarcely able to pay their school bills. The following incident will serves to illustrate the straits to which he was put to meet these demands.

At one time a Mr. Dexter taught a six-months' school. Mr. Goddard sent his children but was not able to pay the tuition in money, and so an agreement was made with the teacher, who consented to take his pay in tow-and-linen cloth. Mrs. Goddard spun and wove thirty- two yards to pay his bill.

By such determination and such sacrifices this worthy couple succeeded in giving all their children the best ed-

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ucation that could be gotten in those days. By such energy, also, Mr. Goddard acquired a comfortable fortune, having started out with almost nothing. He was a man of most scrupulous honesty, as instances of his carefulness in paying his last debt in New Hampshire, even when he had to wait twenty-three years to do it. Both he and his wife were earnest Christians, being members of the Universalist church. His wife was for many years a member of the Methodist church, but in the latter part of her life joined her husband in the Universalist church.

George R. Goddard was born April 7, 1827, in Wesley township, Washington county, Ohio. He was the youngest of Hapgood Goddard's five son's, and the next to the youngest child in the family. He lived on the old place until he was thirty-two years old, and received his education in the school near his father's house. When he was twenty years old, he and his brother, C. H., as has been already stated, took charge of his father's farm. In 1859 be removed to his present farm in Dunham township. On the seventh of April, 1867, he married Miss Esther J. Smith, daughter of Carmi Smith, of Fairfield township, who was born May 2, 1843, in Homer township, Morgan county, Ohio. When she was four years old her parents moved back to Fairfield township, Washington county, where they reside. Mr. and Mrs. Goddard have had four children, whose names are as follows : Loring Hapgood, born December 21, 1869; an infant, who died twelve days after its birth, born October 6, 1873; Selvin Carmi, born October 1, 1876; Harford Bishop, born March 28, 1878. Mr. Goddard has .a farm of six hundred acres and a fine residence in Dunham township. He makes a specialty of stock-raising, and is particularly interested in the raising of short-horned cattle. He is one of the most wealthy and influential citizens of the township.