HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 633

CHAPTER XLVI.

WARREN TOWNSHIP.

Topography—Quality of Sandstone—Boundaries—Incorporation and Survey—Settlement Retarded—Appearance of Squatters—First Permanent Settlers—Back Settlements—Settlers of a Later PeriodHunters—Post Office—Cemeteries—A Thanksgiving Incident—Epidemics— Population—Roads—Educational Matters—Warren Graduates at Marietta College— Presbyterian, Methodist, Disciple, and United Brethren Churches—Early Sunday-Schools—The Use of Spirituous Liquors—Temperance Reformation.

WARREN may properly be styled the "grindstone township" of Washington county. Along the whole course of the Ohio river hills, three strata of heavy sandstone rock present transverse sections, and an almost inexhaustible supply of stone of the very finest quality might be quarried. A high range of precipitous hills borders the river from Harmar, to a point nearly opposite Muskingum island, where it recedes and the intervening tract of bottom, about six miles long and from one half to one mile wide, includes the most fertile farming land in the township.

Back of this bluff the whole area of the township may be described by the familiar phrase "up hill and down hill." The drainage in the interior seems to be without system. Streams flow in every direction, and following their course is the only means of determining their destination. The altitude of the township makes it a headwater territory. The streams which flow into the Ohio —Mile run, Scott's run, Bailey's run, and a few others— are all short and small, the sources of none of them being more than three miles from the river. The east branch of the Little Hocking rises on the ridge near the centre of the township, and takes a southerly course. The waters of the northwestern part of the territory unite to form Wolf creek. The principal branch from the north is Horse run. Branches from the south are Turkey Hen creek and Brown's run, the mouth of which is in Barlow township. From this general outline of the water courses some idea can be gleaned of the irregularity of the surface slopes. Wolf creek, a stream sixty miles long, which empties into the Muskingum at Beverly, has its source in the ridge fronting the Ohio and Muskingum at their junction. The annoying oddity of the names of two of these streams, excite a spirit of inquiry into their origin. It is said that in early times, peavine grew in abundance along the north branch of Wolf creek. This is a species of grass greatly relished by many kinds of stock, and collections of horses, cows, etc., were frequently seen along the valley. Cow run, in Lawrence township, had for a similar reason received its name, and the pioneers of Warren took advantage of the alternative and called this stream Horse run. Turkey Hen creek was named by a party of Virginia hunters who, upon one occasion, left their own hills and came to the wilds of Ohio in search of game. The deep valley of the first southern branch of Wolf creek was made the camping ground. But game was not to be found, and the disgusted Virginians returned with a solitary turkey hen. This valley, aesthetically the most interesting in the township, by its homely name perpetuates the memory of an incident in itself unimportant.

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In quality of soil the township may be divided into three distinct sections. The river bottom consists mostly of a rich loam, and produces abundant crops. The dividing ridge which borders this bottom is covered with a shaly soil rich in concretions of lime, and is fairly productive. The third belt, extending from Turkey Hen creek in a southwesterly direction, is composed of disintegrated sandstone and shale, and is not adapted to the culture of most crops without a liberal use of fertilizers.

The most valuable feature of the economic geology is the heavy ledges of sandstone of superior quality for grindstones and building purposes, lying along the Ohio river. The first layer, a coarse building stone, is thirty feet thick. This is followed by ten feet of blue shale, which rests upon a twenty-five foot stratum of sand rock of the finest quality. The texture and grit varies greatly with the locality. Everything conspires to the successful manufacture of grindstones. The quarries are easily accessible, and are inexhaustible, and the proximity of the railroad and river affords ample shipping facilities. Grindstones have been manufactured along this outcrop for more than seventy years. At the present time the principal quarries are owned by Calvin Finch, J. H. Deming, H. H. Cole, P. L. Cole, Mr. O'Connor, and Dean Briggs. The "constitution stone" of the Ohio River Stone company became quite celebrated, being admirably adapted to ornamental architectural work. It was introduced into Chicago and other cities. Capability of resisting great pressure without fracture, and resistance to the influence of heat, make it superior for building purposes to limestone or marble. For grindstones, Warren sand-rock will compare with any stone in the world. On comparison of a specimen from J. H. Deming's quarry with the best Nova Scotia grit, they were found almost identical in texture, and equal in quality for grinding.

The stretch of alluvial bottom along the river was heavily timbered with walnut, maple, beech, sycamore, hickory, and other trees, which a network of thrifty grapevines tied together so firmly that in the progress of clearing it was sometimes necessary to cut half a dozen before the first could be brought to the ground. On the uplands the trees were much smaller. At present the bottom lands and more fertile terraces are entirely cleared. Native forest continues to cover the steep hills and tracts not adapted to agricultural uses. The scenery of Warren has many attractions for the lover of nature. The streams are clear, the valleys narrow and the hills steep and at some places precipitous. The dividing ridge, extending through the township almost parallel with the river, overlooks the surrounding territory, and its highest peak—Owl hill—near the Lancaster road, affords a splendid view of the Virginia hills and the basin of Wolf creek and Turkey Hen.

LEGAL BOUNDARIES AND ORGANIZATION.

The boundaries of Warren have frequently been changed since its incorporation by the county commissioners on the tenth of September, 1810. The original town consisted of all the territory included by a line beginning at the Ohio river where the line between the eighth and ninth ranges strikes it, thence north on said range line to the northeast corner of section twenty-five, in town two, range nine; thence west to northwest corner of section seventeen, in same township; thence north to the north line of same township; thence west to the northwest corner of the township; thence south to the southwest corner of the same; thence west to the northwest corner of section twelve, in town two, range ten; thence south to the southwest corner of section ten, in said township; thence east to the Ohio river; thence up the river to the place of beginning.

In 1813 it was ordered that all that part of Marietta township lying between the eighth and ninth ranges be annexed to Warren.

The boundaries were afterwards changed several times. A personal enmity between two prominent citizens resulted in a tract one-half mile wide and two miles long being set off and annexed to Barlow. When the town of Dunham was established, June 5, 1855, considerable territory was cut off from Warren, and the partition of Union added four sections on the north in 1877.

The territory now included in Warren was laid out in the original survey in eight acre lots excepting three sections—ministerial section number twenty-nine, school section number sixteen, and Congress reservation section number eight.

THE SETTLEMENT.

The plan adopted by the Ohio company for allotting lands to its members retarded for several years the settlement of Warren township. Many of the eight-acre lots were owned by non-residents, who held them for speculative purposes. This made it difficult for any one desiring to make an improvement to procure a sufficiently large and connected tract of land for a suitable farm. Settlers naturally preferred to go further back, where large tracts could be purchased from a single individual.

Soon after the close of the Indian war, squatters began to make improvements on Congress section number eight. These people, with a few exceptions, were afflicted with a roving disposition and an aversion to the labor necessary to the making of more than a temporary improvement. On section eight a community of these people had gathered previous to the permanent settlement of the township. A few of them were industrious and frugal, and afterwards became good citizens, but by far the greater number sought dwelling places elsewhere,. when driven from the land they occupied by actual owners. The first of this class of improvements were made in Warren township by Isaac Nogle, George Nogle, Thomas Dickey and Isaac Hardin. These were soon followed by Thomas Patton, William Patton, Dr. Morse, Samuel Friend, John Rardin, John Chevington and others. This collection of uninviting cabins was called Nogletown. These transient inhabitants did not bear an enviable reputation among the more solid settlers who followed them, and their departure was not regretted. The rich lands along the river were naturally chosen by the first settlers. The first permanent improvements were made by Seth Bailey, Elias Newton and the Cole

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family, in 1804 and 1805. About one year later Isaac Humphreys, Ezekial Finch and Judge Ephraim Cutler purchased land and made improvements. These old families were not only the pioneers of the township, but the leading characters in its history for more than thirty years. They were men of culture and energy, who were ambitious to build up the community as well as their private fortunes.

Thomas Dickey was one of the earliest residents of the township. He came from Pennsylvania to Washington county in 1798. About 1810 he was employed by Timothy Cone to carry the mail. After working two years for Mr. Cone, he took the mail contract for himself, and remained in the employ of the Government till ,8,6. In 1818 he was married to Betsy G. Brown, and in 1820 moved to Athens county, afterwards removing to Morgan county, where he died in 1863. He had four boys and three girls. His eldest son, Charles, was born in Athens county, in 1823. He is now a resident of this township. He has had three sons, two of whom are living.

Philip Cole was the first representative of his family who settled in Warren township. John Cole, his father, was a native of Rhode Island, where he was married twice. By his first wife he had three children—Asa, Nathan, and Noah. By his second wife, Sasannah Salisbury, he had five children—Elizabeth, Candace, Philip, Ichabod, and John. He emigrated from Rhode Island to West Virginia, and then settled in Belpre where he remained two years. Philip, during the stay of the family in Wood county, West Virginia, married Eunice Gates, a Vermont lady, and in 1803, or early in 1804, sought a home up the river. He settled on the farm now owned by J. H. Deming. His nearest neighbor down the river was Wilbur Harris, one of the earliest settlers of the township. The nearest improvement up the river was Nogletown. In 1804, John Cole with his family removed from Belpre and settled below Vienna Island, on the farm now owned by Henry Cole. He opened the first house of entertainment in the neighborhood and kept the first ferry between Belpre and Marietta. His son, Asa, retained the homestead; Nathan settled on the territory now included in Dunham, where he afterwards opened a tavern. Elizabeth, the oldest daughter, married William Green; Candace married Willard Harris and settled, in 1806, on Little Hocking. Philip Cole's family consisted of eight children—Eunice (O'Neil), Lucinda (Whiteman), Diantha (Deming), Caroline (Lewis), William, Louisa (Shields), Henry H., and Mary Ann (Ballard). Philip Cole was an enterprising citizen and a useful member of his pioneer community. He was one of the first magistrates of his township. He died January 25, 1831; his wife died December 11, 1857.

Captain Willard Green lived on the farm now owned by Dean Briggs. He married Lizzie Cole, a daughter of John Cole. Before coming to Warren they lived for a time at Hughes River, Virginia, where the forest was dense and full of wild animals. The captain was necessarily absent most of the time, and Mrs. Green was herself compelled to hunt the cow in the woods. One evening, taking her baby, she set out, and guided by the sound of the bell, came to a small ravine, and through the shadow of the trees and underbrush she thought she saw a man approching. She caught occasional glimpses of him as she went down into the ravine, but on coming nearer was startled to find herself in the presence of a large black bear. It suddenly occurred to her that animals could be controlled by the human eye. She hastily wrapped the baby in her stout apron, and looking the monster steadily in the eye, clapped her hands vigorously. The bear, to her great relief, turned and walked away. Mrs. Green lived to be ninety-six years old, and died in Warren township May 4, 1869.

Henry H. Cole, the sixth child of Philip and Eunice Cole, was born in Warren in 1816. He married Sarah, the daughter of David Varner, born in Pennsylvania in 1815. The result of this union was two children—Philip L. and Sarah J., both residing in this township. Mr. Cole has been engaged extensively in the manufacture of grindstones for the past forty years. Mr. Cole has for many years served as trustee of his township.

J. H. Deming married Diantha Cole, by whom he had seven children, six of whom survive, viz.: Diantha, Elizabeth, Lucinda, Mary, Wallace, and Hiram. Mr. Deming, besides being a large farmer, is also engaged in the manufacture of grindstones. He has been township trustee for fifteen years, and has been postmaster at Constitution for a like period.

Elias Newton settled on the bottom in 1805, and was followed by his son Oren, several years later. Oren engaged in the manufacture of grindstone at an early period. His sons, Stephen and John, now living at Marietta, received their early training in the quarries.

Seth Bailey, a native of Massachusetts, emigrated to Virginia in 1793. While in Virginia he married Polly, the daughter of Captain William James, who, at that time, owned Vienna island, Neil's island, and a large tract in Virginia. Polly received as a marriage portion, Vienna island. Mr. Bailey built a cabin on the island and began the work of clearing in 1802. He, at this time, owned one horse, two oxen, and one cow. The island was densely covered with immense trees and clearing progressed slowly and involved the hardest kind of labor. Winter set in before a shelter could be provided for the stock, but nature had supplied that. A sycamore tree seventeen feet in its greatest diameter, and fifteen in its shortest, was discovered to be hollow. A door was cut in one side and the interior found large enough to afford a comfortable stable for all the stock. In after years this tree caught fire and burned to the ground. Mr. Bailey, one year, planted corn inside the remaining snags and harvested from it one bushel. Early in 1805, a frame house was built opposite the head of the island, a short distance below the present site of Mr. Scott's brick residence. This house became the Bailey homestead. The family consisted of eleven children: Maria (Shipman), who died in Marietta; Elizabeth, Seth, jr., living in Athens county; Charles, died in Virginia; John, settled in Warren township; Bennet, settled in Warren but afterwards moved to Kansas; William, living in Marietta;

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George, in Warren; Augustus, in Kansas; and Thomas, in Dunham township.

William Bailey was born May 24, 1816. He lived at home until he reached the age of twenty, when he entered Marietta college. After graduating, in 1843, he read medicine, but the practice was not congenial to his disposition. A short time was spent in mercantile business in the west, after which he opened a store in Warren township, on the Cutler homestead. From 1855 to 1871, he engaged in the grindstone trade. He has since engaged in fruit culture and gardening in Marietta. In 1848, Mr. Bailey was married to Mary A. Ward, who died the following year. The fruit of this union was one daughter, Mary Annett, wife of James Walton. She died in Nebraska, in 1875. October 1, 1850, Mr. Bailey was married to Elizabeth Smith Emerson, daughter of Caleb Emerson, esq. 'They have three children: Ella F., Lucy D., and Charles Emerson.

Seth Bailey, after settling in Warren, erected a forge, and "picked up" the blacksmithing trade. Besides accommodating his neighbors, he occupied rainy days at making nails. His example was imitated by many of the young men in the neighborhood, and pounding nails became a common occupation.

William Johnson, a native of Ireland, settled in Washington county in 1815, where he remained until his death in 1826. He was the father of three children: Jane, William and Ellen. Of these Jane and Ellen are living. Jane was born in New Jersey in 1813. She married George Bailey, of Warren township. They became the parents of one child, M. L. George Bailey died in 1852. His widow and son reside on the home place.

Congress section eight was purchased by Isaac Humphreys in 1805. It made the largest and best farm in the township. Mr. Humphreys was a native of Ireland, and is remembered by the early settlers as a sharp business man. He moved to Harmar in 1839. He was one of the early magistrates of the township, and represented Washington county in the legislature a few years. He had six children : Mary, wife of Joel Deming, Charles, Emeline died in Harmar; Harriet, wife of Stephen Newton; Charity deceased, and Henry, who was drowned in the Ohio.

William Smith, one of the settlers on the river bank in 1805, had rather an eventful life. He came to Ohio with General Vamum in 1788, as an attendant. He was then young, but brave and ambitious. When the Big Bottom colony was formed, he became a member, and afterwards seemingly by chance escaped the horrible massacre of that unfortunate settlement. He had been sent to Marietta on the day previous to the tragedy, and on his way back was detained at Waterford, just long enough to be absent from the sack of his settlement. In 1805 he settled in Warren, on the bottom below Philip Cole's, where he made a clearing, built a cabin, and planted an orchard. His fruit and flower gardens were the joy of the youth of the neighborhood. The family consisted of six children: John and William left the county; Elijah settled in Harmar; Sally, wife of John Newton, moved to Ironton; Mary married Richard Patton, and Huldah, John Test, ex-county sheriff.

Ezekiel Finch was one of the earliest pioneers of Warren township. He was born in New York State in 1769, and emigrated to Ohio in the fall of 1806, settling in the southern part of the territory now known as Warren township, where he resided until his death, which occurred in 1848. His children were: Morris, Lewis, Harris, Reuben, Samantha, Calvin, Darius, Sarah, Charles, and Alfred W. Calvin is the only survivor of this large family. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1806, and in that same year was brought to this county by his father and mother. He married Mrs. Sarah Cunningham in 1837. Seven children resulted from this marriage, all living but one. William W. married Eliza Jones; Lewis J. married Lucy Skipton; Henry C. married Sabra C. Thompson, and resides in Dakota; the other three children are living at home. Mr. Finch has been engaged in the grindstone business since 1850.

Morris Finch was a soldier in the War of 1812. He first went into the service as a substitute for Seth Bailey, but when his time had expired he volunteered and was present at the perilous battle of Bladensburgh.

Ephraim Cutler, eldest son of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL D., was born at Edgarton, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, April 13, 1767. He first married Polly Leah Atwood, April 8, 1787, at Killingly, Connecticut, where he settled. She was born August 14, 1765, and died November 4, 1807. He married, for his second wife, Polly Parker, April 13, 1808. She was born at Newbury- port, Massachusetts, June 6, 1777, and died June 30, 1846. He died July 8, 1853. Mr. Cutler settled in Warren in 1806, having previously lived at Waterford and at Ames, Athens county. The old stone house, which is still standing was completed in 1809. A biographical sketch of Judge Cutler will be found in this volume.

John Henry, a native of Ireland, came to Warren township in 1807, where he engaged in the manufacture of wheels for spinning flax. He owned a tract of land now included in the farm of Charles Cone, esq., which he sold to Mr. Brewster, and removed to Ames, Athens county, in 1817. He afterwards became a successful farmer and influential citizen. He had eighteen children. The patriarch of a large and respectable family, he died in 1854.

William Hutchinson was a resident of the township in 1807. He owned an eight acre lot north of Congress section eight.

Gideon Rathbun was the eccentric character among the settlers of 1807. He first settled on an eight acre lot which was afterwards included in Judge Cutter's farm. When he sold this he moved down on Little Hocking. His only source of revenue was the fur bearing animals he was enabled to capture. For a time he owned a pony on which he was accustomed to go to Marietta with a small grist of corn and skins to barter for other necessities of life. As he grew older his luck at hunting turned, and then to add misfortune to misery the old pack horse died, and Gideon was compelled to

SAMUEL DYE, Sr

Among the early settlers of the eastern part of Washington county who endured all the privations of pioneer life, in order to subdue the wilderness and plant the seed of civilization and improvement, none 'perhaps deserve more credit than John Dye. He was a native of New Jersey, and emigrated to Virginia when young, locating near where the first battle of Bull Run was fought, where he married Miss Hannah Hoff. After remaining there for several years. and having become disgusted with slavery, they decided to emigrate to Ohio, which they did in the year 1806. Stopping about a year on Duck creek, thence moving in the spring of 1807 to what is now Lawrence township, on the farm now owned by A. J. Dye, esq. Of a large family (there were fifteen children, the majority of whom attained the age of maturity), only three are now living. The two years known as the epidemical years (1822 and 1823) were very destructive in that vicinity, and several of this family fell victims to the fell destroyer, including the father, who died in 1823. The three now living are Samuel, the subject of this sketch; J. W., and A. J.

Samuel Dye, esq., was born September 24, 1806, in Fearing township, whence he removed with his father to Lawrence township in 1807, where he resided over sixty years. The early part of his life was spent in helping fell the forest and aiding in the support of a large family, for his father was of a delicate constitution and unable to withstand the more arduous duties of pioneer life. As means for acquiring an education at that time were very meagre, his attainments in that direction were of course limited, but his ambition and natural propensities were too great to allow misfortune and adverse circumstances to prevent him from acquiring a good education. He married Miss Lucinda Dye. December 16, 1831. Her parents were pioneers of what is now Noble county. She was a woman of most generous impulses, and a most affectionate wife and mother. Like Lucretia of old, her hands were never idle, and such was her devotion to her husband and children that however arduous her domestic duties her words of cheer and comfort and her helping hand were always unreserved. She was a most exemplary Christian wife and mother, and when, on February 1, 1870, after a short illness of a few days the Lard called her away, the husband mourned the loss of a most worthy and faithful wife; the children a mother in every sense of the word, and the neighbors and friends one whose heart was imbued with generosity and kindness. The names of their children are as follows: Morgan I., married Miss Lucretia Bull, and resides on the old homestead in Lawrence township; John J., married Miss Emily Brown (who died in i879), and resides in Macon county, Missouri; Arius Newton, died December 29, 1870; D. H., died in infancy; Charlotte M., married Rev. Leander Rhinehart, died November 6, 1868; Daniel U., married Miss L. A. Wakefield, and resides at Kankakee, Illinois; Furman J., residing in Warren township; Sarah E., married Austin Middleswart, and resides in Warren township; Thomas M. died July 20, 1876; Joseph R., married Miss Elvira Tomer, and resides on Cow run; Hattie R. and Samuel live with their father; W. Wirt, died May 25, 1867; William Chase, died January 24, 1863; Franklin C., died December 13, 1880.

Mr. Dye held the office of justice of the peace twelve years, and was noted for his just and impartial disposition of all questions which he was called upon to decide. He has been a prominent member of the Baptist church for forty years, serving as deacon about thirty years, and aiding with great liberality in the dissemination of the Gospel. In politics he is a Republican and has labored hard for the success of that party from its infancy. His loyalty is evinced by the fact that he cheerfully gave up three of his sons to battle for the preservation of the Union in the late war. Daniel U., Morgan I., and Thomas M. served creditably in different regiments until they were honorably discharged. He always took a great interest in the cause of education. sparing neither pains nor money in providing for his children in that respect. John J. graduated at Marietta high school. Arius Newton graduated at Marietta college in 1864, and at Rochester Theological seminary in 1868. He was excelled in eloquence by few, if any, in his conference. and was stricken down just as he was entering the temple of fame and distinction. Daniel U. and Furman J. graduated at Marietta college in 1871. Daniel U. afterwards graduated at the Theological seminary of West Chester, Pennsylvania, and has had charge of the Baptist church at Kankakee, Illinois, six years. Furman J. has been engaged in teaching the greater part of the time since his graduation. Although none of his other children were graduates, still they received more than an ordinary education.

The first petroleum found in paying quantities in the vicinity of Cow run was obtained in 1860 on the farm of Mr. D. Nye, and his income from that resource increased his already large accumulations until he was by far the wealthiest man in Lawrence township. Having disposed of the eighty acres of oil territory to an eastern company he purchased a large farm on the Ohio river about four miles below Marietta, and removed thereto in 1867, where he still resides. Though trouble seems to have marked him for its victim yet he his still to be seen attending to the duties of the farm, patiently submitting to the decrees of an all wise Providence. One by one has death snatched from that home-circle until the father has seen the flowers of spring bloom over the graves of just one half of those upon whom he had founded hopes of long life and influence. His success in business and his popularity have brought him in contact with the best business men of the county, by whom he is esteemed for his strict adherence to rectitude and honesty. He is indeed one of the kindest and most affectionate of men, generous to a fault and holding firmly the regard and friendship of all who know Min

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carry corn to mill on his own back. One day as he was sweltering under his burden, a neighbor made friendly inquiry concerning his circumstances. Gideon despondingly replied, "Oh, I haint got nothin' to git nothin' with, nor I haint got nothin' to bring nothin' home on." The latter part of his life was not free from want.

John Shipton, a native of Pennsylvania and one of the oldest men now living in the township, settled on the farm just above the present site of Scott's station before 1810. In 1837 he moved to the farm on which he now lives, on the ridge fronting the river bottom.

In the early part of the century after permanent and substantial improvements had been made along the river, the settlement of the interior of the township was very sparse.

Robert Bulby was probably the first settler on Horse run. He and an Irishman named McGarry, who made an improvement on Wolf creek, came into the township about 1806. Shortly after William Coleby erected a cabin between Turkey Hen and Brown's run. Richard Poland made the first improvement on the ridge between Brown's run and east branch of Little Hocking. The two prominent early families in this part of the township were the Cunningham and the Bridges families.

John Cunningham was a native of Virginia. He settled in Warren township about 1807, on land lying south of Turkey Hen. He had six children, of whom Levi, a well known preacher of the Methodist church, is the youngest. Levi is described to have been a remarkable young man. He was pious and able but without education. He exhorted the small Methodist classes so effectively that he was chosen to serve the church as a local preacher, and was afterwards given a circuit. During the first year of his ministry he devoted himself assiduously to the study of English grammar and composition. Mr. Cunningham has reached a high place in the church, and is truly a self-made man. He lives near Columbus.

Jacob Bridges, esq., came from Northern Ohio about 1812 and settled near the site of Tunnel Station. Mr. Bridges was a leading man of the community. He was a magistrate several years and was the business counselor of his neighborhood. Squire Bridges and Mr. Cunningham were the organizers of Methodism in the township and the influence of their labor has not yet died out. About 1850 Mr. Bridges sold out and moved to Iowa. His two sons Silas and Benjamin accompanied him. His daughter, Sarah, was married to Charles Tidd and settled in Iowa. She died soon afterwards.

William White was the first settler on the Pinkerton farm on the Lancaster road.

The settlement was most rapid between 1835 and 1845. The earliest settlers improved the inviting river bottoms. The next class of settlers pushed further on into the State, and it was not until the Scioto and Miami valleys had been occupied that the hills of Washington county were in demand.

William Perdew was one of the earliest settlers of the interior of the township. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1789. At the age of seventeen he emigrated to Wood county, Virginia, where he lived about six months. About 1806 he became a resident of Washington county, and was one of the prominent citizens of Warren township until his death, which occurred January 5, 1869. In 1825 Mr. Perdew was married to Susanna Harris, who was born in New York in 1795. She died February 12, 1880. The family consisted of twelve children, six boys and six girls. Both were earnest members of the Methodist church, and labored faithfully and successfully for the up building of the church in the community.

Charles, the second son, was born October 3, 1828, in Warren township, where he has resided ever since. May 26, 1842, he married Polly Lamma, daughter of Andrew and Rachel Lamma, of Virginia. The fruit of this union is seven boys and five girls. William W. Perdew, jr., was born August 9, 1827, and in 1853 married Sarah Seffens, born December 20, 1827. They have had nine children, as follows: Anne L, born November 2, 1854; Abbie A., October 17, 1856; John E., March 28, 1858; Mary J., December 28, 1859; Lizzie L., April 26, 1862; Hannah L, February 8, 1864; Joseph W., March 4, 1866; Benjamin W., May 17, 1871, and Clara L, May 8, 1874.

William M. Stage, eighth child of James Stage, was born in Washington county June 4, 1827, and resided in the county till the time of his death, which occurred September 9, 1871. He was married to Miss Drucilla Lightfrits, a daughter of John Lightfrits, who settled in Warren township in 1820. His death occurred March 31, 1842. His family consisted of ten children, five boys and five girls. Drucilla was born October 5, 1836. She married Mr. Stage October 24, 1849. They had seven children: William J., Samuel G., Jerry, Adda, Sarah R., Samantha B., and Perry, all living. With the assistance of her son Perry she continues to farm the old homeplace.

Philip, son of Thomas and Margaret Roe, was born in Delaware in 1811. In 1830 he removed from Muskingum county, Ohio, to Washington county, and located in Warren township. In 1839 he married Rebecca Lammery, by whom he had thirteen children, eight boys and five gills. Of this family nine children survive, three still living at home. Two of Mr. Roe's sons served in the late war, George for three years and Philip during the hundred days service.

Henry McAffee was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, and when quite young came to this county with his father, Daniel McAffee, and has since been living in that part of Warren which was formerly a part of Union township. He has a farm of forty acres. He is a carpenter by trade.

Thomas Drain, third child of Daniel and Jeanette Drain, was born in Argylshire, Scotland, in 1808, and came to Cincinnati in 1832, and after remaining there two years became a resident of Washington county. He married Jeanette Fullerton, by whom he had two children, viz: James, who married Romayne Bay; and Daniel, who is still at home. Mr. Drain has by economy accumulated much land.

Philip Schilling, born in Germany in 1810, settled in

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this township in 1835, in that part formerly included in Union. He emigrated to Ohio from Florida. By his wife, Elizabeth Hopp, he had eleven children, eight of whom survive. George, the fifth son, born in 1849, married Louisa Walter, born in 1852. They have four children. Mr. Schilling, who is a general farmer, possesses ninety-six acres of land.

Duncan Drain settled in this county in 1838, having -emigrated from Argylshire, Scotland, where he was born in 1817. He commenced the harness-maker's trade when but twelve years of age, and continued at the work for fifteen years. In 1845 he married Catharine Green- lees, by whom he has had nine children, all of whom are living, viz: Hugh, Jeanette (Curtis), Anna (Trotter), Nancy, Daniel, Mary, Eliza, Margaret, and Rosetta.

Robert Hanna, a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, emigrated to Monroe county, Ohio, in 1828. He lived there about twelve years, and then moved to Virginia, where he remained about ten months. He resided in Warren township from 1841 to the time of his death, July 13, 1878, aged eighty-three. He was the father of eight children. Andrew, Robert C., Hugh, Thomas, James, and Mary A. are residents of Warren township. Jane C. resides in Harmar. Mr. and Mrs. Hanna were members of the Universalist church. Andrew, the oldest child, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, October, 1825. He came to Washington county with his father, August 24, 1848. He married Lydia Inman, who was born in Maine, May 22, 1826. They had three children: James C.; Joseph, married to Lucy Tilton, and living in Warren township; and Henrietta, married to Samuel G. Sage, of Wood county, Virginia. It is very seldom that we mention election to small offices, but a long term of service in any office indicates efficiency and popularity. Mr. Hanna has been elected supervisor six successive terms. Joseph is living with his father on the homestead, and is the father of one child, Myrtha B. James C., the oldest son of Andrew and Lydia Hanna, was born in r 850. He married Sarah Reed in 187r. This union has been blessed with two children. Robert E. Hanna, the second child of Robert Hanna, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1827. He came to Warren township with his father, in 1841, and August 20, 1857, married Deborah Inman, who was born September 16, 1832. They have two children—Emma, and George. Hugh, the third child of Robert Hanna, was born in Monroe county, Ohio, in 183o, and came to Washington county, Ohio, with his father, in 1841. He married Jane Seffers, by whom he has been blessed with eight children, seven girls and one boy.

In 1842 William Scott located in this county, and has since lived here with the exception of a brief residence in Iowa. Born in western Virginia in 1810, he married Mary Holiday in 1833. Five of their eight children survive. Three are home. Nancy (O'Neal) lives at Belpre, and David W. who married Louisa Dye, resides in Warren township. Mr. Scott is one of the substantial farmers of his neighborhood.

One of the many who sought homes in Warren township, between 1840 and 1850, was Jacob Cooster, oldest son of Joseph Cooster. He was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, Match 15, 1810, and settled in Warren township in 1843. Priscilla Atwood who was born in Connecticut August 27, 1811, became his wife February 18, 1830. Their only child died April 6, 1832. Mr. Cooster's popularity in the township is shown by the frequency with which he is chosen to fill local offices.

The Coffmans are well known and influential citizens of this township. Jacob Coffman was a native of Germany. He came to America when quite young, and remained for a period at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He came to Washington county in 1795, and settled in Marietta township. He afterwards became a resident of this township, where he remained until 1834, when he removed to Hardin county, where he died. He was the father of five children, viz: Jacob, Polly, Fannie, Deborah and Thomas.

Thomas was born November 8, 1805. He married Rebecca Callahan June 18, 1829. She was born in Waterford township October 18, 1807. The fruit of this union was nine children: Mary J., Harvey, George W., Charles, John Q., Thomas A., Sarah, Lucy and Martha, five of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Coffman are well known Methodists. Mr. Coffman was honored with the office of township trustee fifteen successive terms.

George W. Coffman, third son of Thomas Coffman, was born September 23, 1834. March 27, 1856, he married Sarah Patton who was born March 7, 1838. They have five children: Mary E., Sarah E., George F., Fremont D., and Murray E., all living.

Charles, fourth son of Thomas Coffman, was born January 13, 1838. He moved to Warren township in 1847, with his father. He married December 13, 1860, Harriet Roush, who was born in Washington county April 10, 1842. They have had seven children : Lizzie, Vesta H., Lucy M., Charles L, Emma M., William D., and Ida B.; all are living, except Lizzie.

John Coffman, fifth child of Thomas and Rebecca Coffman, was born in Watertown township February 28, 1840. He was married to Jane Miller June r, 1862, and is now the father of four children: Lizzie, Austin, Franklin and Carrie, all living at home.

Stephen Druse was born in France in 1772. In 1800 he married Annie DeSasle. He emigrated first to New York and then to Ohio, and settled in Warren township in 1816. He died in Warren in 1820. Mrs. Druse died in 1845. The surviving members of the family are: Lucy Cooper, who resides in Iowa; Riley, in Belpre; Harrison in Illinois; Warren and Joseph in Missouri; and Stephen, jr., in Belpre. The last named was born in New York in 1816. In 1837 he married Sarah Barkley, who was born in Belpre in 1818. They have had seven children, five of whom are living, viz.: Lucy, Uriah, Stephen, Jane, and Cora. Amanda Williams, the oldest child, is dead.

Lucas Casady emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1819, and settled in Washington county, in Warren township. His son, George Casady, was born in Pennsylvania in 1815, and came to Ohio when but four years

HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO - 639

of age. His first wife was Hannah S. Dye, born in 1818, and died in 1845. Three children were born of the first marriage. Amaziah volunteered in 1862, aged twenty- three, became a member of the Ninety-second Ohio volunteer infantry, company F, and died at Chattanooga in 1864. Emma B. resides in Lawrence township. In 1850 Mr. Casady was married to Sophia Hoff, who was born in 1825. They have had four children, viz.: Mary L., deceased; Judson; Oran; and Ida, deceased. Mr. Casady has a beautiful farm of two hundred and six acres of well improved land. When he first came to the county there was not a wagon in the township, and game, large and small, was abundant.

George Miller was born in England in 1771. He emigrated to America in 1804 and was employed by Blennerhassett on his farm for ten years. He then moved to Morgan county, where he died January 20, 1829. In i806 he was married to Louise Taylor, who was born in England in 1782. Their family consisted of seven boys and four girls. William, the second child, was born December 6, 1808. He was taken with his parents when young to Morgan county, where he remained till 1840, when he settled in Warren township. He was married, December 28, 1852, to Mary McVey, who was born in. Athens county December 7, 1828. They have had six children—Albert H., Hannah M., George IV., Elizabeth J., and Susannah B.—three of whom are living at home. Albert resides in Kansas, Susannah B. in Morgan county, and Elizabeth, wife of J. P. Miller, in Warren township.

Barnet S. Christopher, second son of Decamp and Harriet Christopher, was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania in 1824, and in 1846 settled in Warren township, Washington county, Ohio. In 1852 he married Emily, daughter of John Lacey, of Jefferson county, Ohio. Ten of their eleven children survive. By hard work and enterprise Mr. Christopher has secured a fine farm and a comfortable home.

James Pinkerton settled in that part of Warren formally included in Union, in the year 1846. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1804. His wife, Mary Wilson, born in 1805, died in 1878; nine of their thirteen children are living—William, Andrew, James, Thomas John, Wilson, Calvert, Robert, and Sarah. The fourth son, Thomas, born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, in 1837, came to this county with his father. He marmied Sarah R. Coffman, born in 1847. Their children are, George, Charles and Emma. Mr. Pinkerton's farm consists of one hundred and thirty-two acres of land.

Robert Smith, sixth son of Thomas Smith, was born in George county, Maryland, April 24, 1805. He came to Warrren township in 1848; February 14, 1827, he was married to Eliza Arnold, of Jefferson county, Ohio. Six children have blessed this unison, viz : Oliver E., residing in Warren township; John C., and Thomas, in Illinois; Martha J., in Warren township; James A., in Kansas; and Elizabeth in Illinois. Mr. Smith is a blacksmith by trade, and both he and his wife are members of the Christian church.

March 27, 1855, Martha J. was married to Benjamin Parlin, who was born in Maine, October 9, 1825. They have had seven children, Ethalinda, John, Verandale, James, George, Lizzie and Mary, of whom two are dead —Ethalinda and John. Mr. Parlin died February 16, 1876, at the age of fifty-one years. He was several times honored with township offices, and much respected in the community.

Adam Freed, fifth son of Benjamin Freed, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, November 5, 1824. He lived in Jefferson county, Ohio, Mason county, Virginia, A. and Meigs county, Oltio, until 1851, when he came to Warren township. He was married to Margaret E. Bradshaw, widow of George Bradshaw and daughter of Samuel Oliver. She was born April 14, 1827, and married to Mr. Freed July 10, 1851. They have had eleven children, Martha J., Mary A., Rebecca, Susan A., Margaret M., Dennis F., Lizzie C., Adam A., Sarah E., and two who died in infancy.

In 1851 James Foster became a resident of this township, and remained therein until his death in 1879. His widow, whose maiden name was Eliza Coyle is still living, as are also nine of her ten children. Their second son, John, was born in Belmont county, in 1835, and came with his father to Washington county. He married Eliza J. Price, daughter of Abram Price of this county. The result of their marriage was one boy and one girl. Before settling on his present farm he was section foreman on the Marietta & Cincinnati railroad.

Arthur McMahon, oldest child of Philip McMahon, was born in Ireland, May 14, 1816. He emigrated to America and settled in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1843. In 1844 he moved to Reading, Pennsylvania, where he was married in 1847 to Catherine Clark, a native of Ireland. In 1852 he came to Washington county, Ohio. Twelve children, elven of whom survive, have blessed this union. Mr. McMahon is one of the kind of men who are able to turn their hand to anything. He labored successfully in a machine shop at Reading, Pennsylvania; served the Government during the war in the telegraph department, and is now a successful farmer. Both Mr. and Mrs. McMahon are members of the Catholic church.

John Christie was born in Prussia in 1823, emigrated to New Jersey, and, in 1853, came to this county and settled in that part of Union now Warren township, upon an upland farm of one hundred acres, which are well improved. For three years Mr. Christie served as township trustee. He married Elizabeth Tresth, who was born in 1828. Four of their five children survive. Mr. Christie has just erected a fine frame house.

John Holden, oldest child of Andrew and Margaret Holden, was born in King's county, Ireland, in 1850, and emigrated to New York State about 1850, remaining there two years, thence coming to Warren township, this county. In 1836 he married Julia Dooley, daughter of John Dooley, of Ireland. Twelve children, nine boys and three girls, have blessed their union. Mr. and Mrs. Holden are earnest supporters of the Roman Catholic church. Their oldest son, Andrew, born in 1839, emigrated to New York in 1853, and in that same year came to this township. By his wife, Catharine Highlands, he

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has had six children, four of whom are still living. Mr. Holden has Veen township treasurer, and is the present clerk. He served four years during the late war, in company F, Seventy-third Ohio volunteer infantry.

William C. Wright, fourth child of Jesse Wright, was born in Berkeley county, Virginia, in 1805, and in 1853 came to Washington county. In 1833 he married Maria, daughter of David Pattin. Of their ten children but four are living, viz.: John, Friend, Stephen and Elizabeth. Mrs. Wright died in 1876. Mr. Wright, being by trade a miller, has worked many years at the mill in Harmar. He is now on his farm in Warren township.

George Harris, sr., emigrated from Rhode Island to Ohio in 1805, and settled in Marietta. He remained in the county until his death, which occurred June 2, 1856. During this time he lived about three years in Monroe county. He married Mary Harrison, who was born in England, June 21, 1784. The fruit of this union was seven children. George, the youngest child, was born in Fearing township, July 26, 1829. He lived with his father till January 1, 1851, when he was married to Elizabeth Sprague, who was born in Monroe county, June 16, 1826. In 1856 Mr. Harris moved to Warren township. He is the father of nine children: Eldora, Phoebe, Isabella, Abner, Fayette, William R., Orilla, George F. and Della. Mr. Harris was township trustee four years.

John Davis settled in Warren township in 1856. He was born in Ireland in 1815, and emigrated to America with his father when quite young. He remained there until he came to this township. In November, 1838, he married Eleanor Pinkerton, a daughter of Andrew D. Pinkerton. She was born January 1, 1816. The children are: Andrew G., Malinda, Elizabeth, William W., James and Thomas P. All are living except Andrew G.

Frederick Hart, a native of Pennsylvania, emigrated to Ohio in 1854 and settled in Warren township, where he died April 12, 1857. He was the father of nine children: Samuel M., Mary A., Andrew J., Margaret, Miller H., Alexander, William, Elizabeth, and George, all living. Samuel M., the oldest child, was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, September 21, 1827. He came to Warren township with his father in 1854. He was married April 26, 1856, to Mary McKee, who was born in Ireland March 6, 1831. Their family consists of four children—William, Ellenworth, George, and Frank, all living except Frank. Mr. Hart served during the war in company K, One Hundred and Forty-eighth National guard.

James A. Mercer, second child of Caleb Mercer, was born in Frederick county, Virginia, June 7, 1819. In 1841 he moved to Monroe county and remained there four years. He lived in Lawrence and Newport townships until 1857, when he settled in Warren township. September 3, 1841, he was married to Tabitha Cecil, who was born February 28, 1826, in Harrison county, Ohio. The fruit of this marriage was ten children, nine boys and one girl. Eight are still living—four married and four single. Mr. Mercer worked at backsmithing for thirty years before coming to Warren township.

James Cooper, fifth son of James Cooper, sr., was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, June 28, 1820. He emigrated to Ohio in 1859, and settled in Warren township. January 12, 1858, he married Sarah McCue, of Ireland. The fruit of this union was four children— Mary C., Nancy J., Sarah M., and James, all living at home. Mr. Cooper is a member of the Presbyterian church and a useful man in the community. He is a stonemason by trade, but since coming to Ohio has devoted all his attention to farming.

Uriah Cooper, youngest son of James Cooper, sr., was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1836. He was married May 14, 1863, to Miss Werner, daughter of Aaron Werner, a native of Germany. She was born in Germany February 6, 1843. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Cooper consists of five children—Amos L., Sophia W., Minerva I., Marion M., and Wilmina M., three of whom are living. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cooper are faithful members and liberal supporters of the church.

Ernest Roeper, the ninth son of John H. Roeper, was born in Prussia March 6, 1818. He emigrated to America and settled in Cincinnati in 1852, and remained there until 1855, when he came to Harmar. After residing in Harmar ten years he moved to Locust Forks, in Warren township, and is now engaged in business at that place. He married Fredericka Grasle May 26, 1857, and is now the father of five children—George H., Katie E., Louisa F., William L., and Herman P., and one died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Roeper are both members of the Lutheran Church.

John J. Kaylor, sixth son of Altonis Kaylor, was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, November 26, 1826. He married, May 6, 1852, Johannah Burger, who was born in Germany September 28, 1830. They had ten children—George, Mary A., Martha, Lizzie, Josephine, John, Henrietta, Joseph, William H., and Matilda, all living except John. Mr. Kaylor came to Washington county and settled in Warren township in 1868. The whole family are members of the Catholic church. Mr. Kaylor has worked at blacksmithing since 1845, and was employed one year during the war in one of the Government shops. He is also an enterprising farmer.

Harriet Price, daughter of John Gosset, was born in Watertown township October 10, 1813. Mrs. Price has twice been bereaved of her husband. She was first married to John Wilson, by whom she had seven children. Abram Price, to whom she was married July ro, 1863, was born April 8, 1800. Mrs. Price is a member of the Brethren church. With the assistance of her grandsons she cultivates the old farm in Warren township.

George Seibert was born in Baden, Germany, January 3, 1822. He emigrated to America and settled in Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1874, when he settled in Warren township, Washington county, Ohio. He was married in 1845 to Elizabeth Kaylor. This union was blessed with five children, all boys. In October, 1867, he was married a second time, and has since had seven children, three boys and four girls. Both Mr. and Mrs. Seibert are members of the Catholic church. Mr. Seibert worked at the machinest trade thirty-five years previous to 1874. Since that time he has been farming.

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HUNTERS.

Warren township, in the early years of the settlement, was a favorite hunting ground. Game was abundant along the small streams in the interior of the township. Excellent shelter was afforded by the density of the forest and size of the trees. Wild-cats and wolves were numerous and troublesome, and occasionally a panther was shot. The most noted hunters were Amos Delano, Ichabod Cole, Willard Harris, and the Ferrils.

POST OFFICES.

There have never been but two post offices in the township. The first one was established January 21, 1832, and was named Constitution, in honor of the first postmaster, Judge Ephraim Cutler, who was one of the most prominent members and latest survivors of the convention which framed the first constitution of Ohio. Judge Cutler was postmaster about twenty years. His successors have been, William D. Bailey, J. H. Deming, Lizzy M. Bailey, and Lucinda Reid. "Tunnel" was established in 1855. T. W. Moore was appointed first postmaster, and held the office two years. Succeeding postmasters have been I. J. Vandewalker, James Tuttle, William Heald, and Charles Tretsel.

VILLAGES.

There is not within this township any collection of houses large enough to be called a village. Tunnel, while the old line of the Marietta & Cincinnati railroad was being built, was a temporary collection of small huts, which were deserted when the work which called their occupants there was ended. Charles Tretsel, at Tunnel, and Earnest Roeper, at Locust Forks, conduct good country stores.

CEMETERIES.

Before any cemetery had been laid out a small lot along the river, near the present location of rile Presbyterian church, was used for a burying•ground by the early settlers. A man named Ruter, two of the Green children, and a few others, were buried here; but river floods made the place unsuitable for a cemetery. Seth Bailey, at the death of his sister Mary, set apart a lot on his farm to be used as a public burying-ground. The lot was afterwards enlarged and deeded to the first religious society, by which it is controlled at present. In 1856, at the death of Lucy D. Brabham, Walter Brabham fenced off for cemetery purposes a finely located lot on the Lancaster road. It was owned by Mr. Brabham, but given to the use of the public until 1877, when the Warren township cemetery association was founded and the lot transferred to that association by Mr. Brabham. The trustees are Samuel M. Hart, Joseph A. Mercer, and Earnest Roeper.

A THANKSGIVING.

An incident is remembered by an old settler of a thanksgiving service which was held in the early history of the settlement, in the first school-house. The services were conducted by the Rev. Mr. Robbins, of Marietta, and at their conclusion the men got on their horses and rode down to Cole's tavern, where the usual refreshments were served. But before partaking, Mr. Robbins, while yet remaining on his horse, asked an impressive blessing, on the stimulating beverage contained in the glasses.

THE EPIDEMICS.

The epidemics of 1807 and 1821-3 were particularly severe in Warren township. The intensely cold winter of 1806-7 was followed by high water in the spring, which completely flooded the alluvial bottom. Distressing sickness prevailed during the summer, and the work of clearing and improving farms was greatly retarded. The epidemic of 1821-3 was devastating. Fever visited almost every house, and in many cases proved fatal within a week after the first attack. One familiar with the history of this terrible period writes: "No family and few individuals escaped. In the family of William Smith, consisting of eleven persons, all were sick at the same time, and in other instances none were able to nurse the sick. This season and the next was very dry. In 1822 the Ohio was lower than ever before known; the water was nearly stagnant, and green with scum and vegetable matter, while grass and aquatic plants covered the sandbars and extended into the water several rods from the shore. The sickness began early in June, was very severe in August and September, and did not abate until the heavy frosts in November. This year the disease prevailed especially along the river valley, and, as during the previous season, many deaths occurred. The next year much rain Tell, and the river kept well up during the summer. But in June the fever again made its appearance, not only along the water courses, but also on the uplands, and was in many cases fatal. So general was the sickness that the corn grew unattended among the weeds, and remained unharvested until late, and the orchards were laden with fruits which perished. These sickly seasons will long be remembered in the traditions of the afflicted and bereaved families. Many valuable citizens were numbered with the dead. A remarkable fatality attended the families of Mr. Tiffany Adams and his nephew, James Adams, who occupied the Gilman farm in the upper part of the township. They were attacked by the fever and fourteen graves in the Adams' row, in the old cemetery in Warren, tell the result. Of six remarkably fine healthy sons of Tiffany Adams two survived, and returned to Connecticut, from where the family emigrated in 1817.

POPULATION.

In 1820 Warren had a population of four hundred and sixty. During the next decade the sickly season occurred, and the population was only six hundred and forty-two. From 1830 to 1840 the population increased to nine hundred and thirty-one, and in 1850 reached one thousand four hundred and sixty-one. In it 1860 it enumerated one thousand seven hundred and fifteen, but density of settlement increased more rapidly than the figures seem to indicate, for the area of the township was considerably reduced during this decade. During the next ten years the war deprived the township of many of its best citizens, and the number of inhabitants decreased to one thousand six hundred and four. In 1880 it enumerated one thousand nine hundred and six.

642 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.

ROADS.

The first road through the township was laid out in 1793 from Marietta to Belpre. This road, through the present territory of Warren, was located at the foot of the river hills. It was afterwards changed to run along the river bank, crossing many streams that required bridges. These, together with frequelit sinking of the river bank, caused by freshets, made the road expensive and burdensome on the sparce population.

The second road through the township was a State road from Marietta to Lancaster, built in 1797. The location of this road has never been materially changed.

The Marietta and Athens road, commonly known in Warren township as the State road, was constructed about 1800, although the survey was made before that time. Along this road the first improvements were made after the river bottom had been taken up.

A road connecting the Lancaster and Belpre roads was laid out in 1804, but remained for a long time nothing but a cow-path through the woods. The construction of roads among the hills required much labor before they could be made serviceable. At present the roads in Warren are in good condition, considering the roughness of the surface.

The stranger riding along the Belpre road can see in the large farm houses the agricultural thrift of the community. These houses, many of them, are old, and were built by the first settlers to replace the original cabins. The bricks with which they were built were made by Oren Newton on the Newton farm.

The first frame houses in the township were built by Messrs. Bailey, Newton, and Cole. The frames were made at the headwaters of the Ohio and floated down on rafts. The oldest house in the township at present is the old stone Cutler residence, which was built in 1807. Its massive masonry is emblematic of the mind and character of its builder and occupant, for nearly half a century.

In the interior of the township the farm buildings average fairly with those of other upland portions of the county. Warren, in respect to improvements and productiveness of soil, is somewhat typical of the whole county. It has its alluvial bottom, its limestone terraces, and its shale and sand hills, and the quality of improvements varies with the productiveness of these different kinds of soil. As would naturally be expected, the character of the population is, in a measure, affected in the same way.

SCHOOLS.

Happily we have in the memoranda of Judge Ephraim Cutler a complete and accurate account of the early schools of the township. We give entire the first contract:

Memoranda of an agreement entered into this third day of February, 1807, by and between Isaac Humphreys, John Henry, and Ephraim Cutler and John D. W. Kip, on the other part witnesseth: That for the consideration of the sum of twenty-five dollars for every three months, to be paid him at the expiration of said term by Humphreys, Henry and Cutler, he, the said Kip, doth engage to keep a school at such place as they shall direct and to teach reading, writing and arithmetic, and to govern himself and school by the following rules and regu lations, to-wit: He shall keep school from nine o'clock in the morning till twelve at noon, and from one in the afternoon until four; provided that during the months of June, July, August and September school may commence at half-past one and close at half-past four. He shall be excused from keeping school on Saturdays in the afternoon, on the Fourth of July, when he shall be called to attend trainings, and on election days.

The whole school shall be arranged into two or more classes at the direction of the master, the senior class to be admitted to the exercise of writing and arithmetic; the lower classes shall be employed in reading and spelling, and that no time may be lost they shall have portions assigned them for study, from which at proper hours the master shall ask them to spell, and in order to promote emulation, the priority in standing shall be determined by their accuracy in spelling.

Particular attention shall be paid in the upper class in teaching them punctuation; and that in reading they be taught to observe the stops and points, notes of affection and interrogation, also accenting and emphasizing.

The master shall consider himself as in the place of parent to the children under his care, and endeavor to convince them by mild treatment that he feels a parental affection for them. He shall be sparing as to promises or threatenings, but punctual in the performance of one and execution of the other, and that he inculcate upon the scholars the propriety of good behavior during their absence from school.

He will endeavor on all suitable occasions to impress upon the minds of his scholars a sense of the being and providence of God, and the obligations they are under to love and serve Him; of their duty to their parents; the beauty and excellency of truth, the duty which they owe to their country, and the necessity of a strict observance to its laws.

He shall caution, and as far as he can, restrain them from the prevailing vices, such as lying, profaneness, gaming, and idleness.

From these general rules he may form particular rules, and if they are broken, he must be particular to punish the offender, but mildness in punishment is recommended.

This contract shows that the early settlers had high ideas of the influence of a school and the power of a school-master. The lack of confidence in Mr. Kip, shown by the minuteness of the rules laid down in the contract, proved to be well founded, for the memoranda goes on to state that Mr. Rip found himself unequal to the task, and in less than a week resigned the charge. "He could not reduce to order the stalwart lads and buxom lasses committed to his care."

In the winter of 1809-10 the first successful school was accommodated in the south room of Judge Culler's stone house. The teacher was General John Brown, late treasurer of Ohio university, at Athens. He was an intelligent young man, of kind and genial disposition and strong common sense. He is remembered and spoken of with the highest respect by those who enjoyed his instructions.

In 1810 the first school-house was built. It was a log building, and stood where Dole's blacksmith shop now (1881) is.

In 1813 the winter school was in charge of John McMillan. John Adams, a well educated young man from Connecticut, taught in 1819.

In 1814 a summer school, designed particularly for girls, was opened by Miss Sallie Rice; she received as compensation one dollar and twenty-five cents per week. Her contract prescribed that she should teach reading and instruct the young misses in sewing. Miss Rice was a very successful teacher, and held the position until 1818. Mary Ann Cutler was a succeeding female teacher. In addition to the usual "reading, writing and arithmetic" grammar and geography were taught by her.

The common school law, which was passed in 1825

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went into effect in Warren township about 1827. The township was divided into four districts, but there were probably five school-houses within the limits of the township at that time.*

April 18, 1853, the school board of the township met and reorganized the schools under the act of March is, of that year. The township was divided into twelve school districts. The establishment of Dunham in 1855 reduced the number to ten, which number was afterwards reduced to nine. In 1867 the two river districts were separated from the rest of the township, and established into a special district. This action created a bitter feeling throughout the township. The township had the year previous appropriated six hundred dollars to build a school-house in each one of these districts, and the people of the township at large considered it unfair to permit the two wealthier districts to withdraw, especially while new houses were needed all over the township. The object of the movers for a special district was, to establish a graded school. An attempt was made to carry this object into execution, but failed. The tax duplicate shows that the special district is benefitted financially to the detriment of the township districts. In 1869 the Warren township board appropriated one hundred dollars toward the building of a house for a colored school, a similar appropriation having been made by Barlow township. There were at that time fifteen colored children in the township.

The annexation of four sections from Union added two schools to Warren, making the whole number of township schools, in 1877, nine. Most of the buildings are in good condition, and the schools are conducted as liberally as common schools generally are.

After the adoption of the common school system, higher branches than formerly were taught in the river districts, by well qualified teachers, in both Summer and winter. Since 1835 the winter schools have generally been taught by students from Marietta college. Since 1820 it has been the custom to send the youth of either sex to Marietta or more distant places to complete their education. A number of young men who did not take a college course, availed themselves for a time of the instructions afforded at Marietta, and perhaps a still larger proportion of the young ladies have pursued their studies at the female seminaries in the State—thus forming an intelligent community. We append a list of natives of Warren who have graduated at Marietta college: William Dennison Bailey, class of 1843; George Washington Bailey, class of 1845; Oren Henry Newton, class of 1845; Ephraim Cutler Dawes, class of 1861; Seth Packard Bailey, 1874; Charles Lindley Dickey, class of 1877; Amos Austin Dickey, class of 1877; Charles Emerson Bailey, class of 1880. The following graduates were residents but not natives of Warren: Joseph Cone Blackington, class of 1875; Daniel Wayland Dye, class of 1871; Freeman J. Dye, class of 1871; Salathiel Smith De Garmo, class of 1876.

* In the absence of complete records we are compelled to rely upon the recollection of the oldest and best informed citizens of the township.

POLITICS.

The majority at State and National elections has always been given in favor of the Democratic candidate, with but one exception—the Presidential election of 1840, when Harrison carried the township. . But at the preceding Presidential election the vote stood: Whig, 28; Democratic, 68. During the slavery agitation the leading Democrats stood by the traditions of their party. The Whigs were of the conservative order, while but two or three straight-out abolitionists resided in the township. Samuel Brown, then of Warren, and Mr. Burges were the only aggressive opponents of the system of slavery.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

In the winter of 1825-6, while navigation was suspended on the Ohio, two missionaries, Messrs. Chamberlyn and West, on their way to the southwest, were icebound at Marietta, and did missionary work in adjacent communities. Through their influence the Domestic missionary society of Connecticut sent Rev. Jacob Little to labor as an evangelist in Washington county. He preached in Belpre, and occasionally in Warren and other places. Services were held in the old tavern stand of Nathan Cole, in the present territory of Dunham township. Here Mr. Little, who was well fitted for a pioneer preacher, organized a Bible-class of twenty-four, mostly young ladies, and a Sunday-school.

April 18, 1827, an agreement was entered into between Mr. Little and Samuel S. Spencer, Ephraim Cutler, Seth Bailey, Timothy Cone, Oren Newton, and Isaac Humphreys, by which they were to pay him two hundred dollars for half his time and labors. About this time, however, Mr. Little received and accepted a call to Granville, Ohio.

Rev. Augustus Pomeroy came in the summer of 1827, and held meetings in the brick school-house, which had just been built, on the upper part of Seth Bailey's farm. In this house the "Presbyterian church of Warren" was formed February 23, 1828. We quote the first entry in the record:

In compliance with the indications of Providence and the ardent wishes of Christians in Warren, agreeably to previous notice, the people of Warren and vicinity assembled, and after sermon by L. G. Bingham, of Marietta, James Harvey and Catharine, his wife, James Harvey, jr., William Fleming. William Frazer and Christina, his wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Fulcher, Mrs. Sarah Johnston, Samuel S. Spencer, Charles Humphreys, Mrs. Seth Bailey, and Mrs. Hezekiah Lewis presented letters of recommendation, and were duly constituted into a church of Christ, in Warren, by the Rev. A. Pomeroy, missionary.

Samuel S. Spencer and William Fleming were unanimously elected elders. On Sabbath, the day following, eight were admitted to membership on examination, viz: Ephraim Cutler, James Frazer, Mrs. Samuel S. Spencer, Mrs. Harvey Lewis, Mrs. Lucy Cooper, Sarah Smith, Sarah Cutler, and Calvina Waterman. The sermon was preached in the morning by Rev. T. Thacher, and in the afternoon by Rev. A. Pomeroy. It is recorded: "This day was one of great apparent solemnity and interest, and it is believed will be remembered forever."

The Warren church was first represented in the Athens presbytery April 17, 1828. About that time Rev. A. Kingsbury took charge. During the first two years of

644 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.

his pastorate two interesting revivals occurred, and sixty- six members were added to the church. Dr. Kingsbury served the church until 1839, when he accepted a call to Putnam, Ohio, to the deepest regret of the Warren church, then numbering over one hundred members.

In 1837 the present meeting-house, on the river road, was built at an expense of about one thousand four hundred dollars, which was borne mainly by Oren Newton, Ephraim Cutler, William P. Cutler, and Seth Bailey. An act incorporating the "First Presbyterian Society of Warren" was passed February 13, 1838. After Dr. Kingsbury left, the church was supplied for short seasons by Dr. Linsley, Professor Allen, and Rev. John Woodbridge. In 1841 Rev. Roswell Tenny accepted a call and remained one year. He was succeeded by Rev. Dyar Burgess, "an eccentric but strong man," who filled the pulpit two years. During this time a few additions were made to the church. During the two years' pastorate of Rev. Joseph S. Edwards, which began in 1841, twenty- seven were added to the church. Rev. Windsor A. Smith came in 1846 and was installed pastor. He was an acceptable minister, but on account of ill health resigned and retired in September, 1852. Up to this time Warren and Belpre united in sustaining a minister. It was now agreed that each church should support its own pastor.

Rev. Prof. E. B. Andrews, of Marietta college, supplied the pulpit during 1853. January 1, 1854, Rev. James S. Walton became pastor. Under his persuasive preaching a revival took place in 1856, which resulted in thirty-two accessions to the church. Mr. Walton removed to Illinois in 1858, and from that time till 1862, no record was kept. Rev. Charles D. Curtis had charge of Warren and Belpre churches from November, 1862, till June, 1866, when he was elected president of Farmers' college, Cincinnati. Rev. John L. Mills, of Marietta, supplied the pulpit until December, 1868, when John Noble was installed pastor. Mr. Noble was succeeded by Mr. Strauss in 1876. Mr. Strauss remained pastor till 1880.

The fifty-two years this church has existed, more than three hundred members have been connected with it. It has always sustained temperance and Sabbath-schools, and according to its means and numbers supported liberally, missionary and other benevolent institutions.

This church, considering its age, has had but few ruling elders. Samuel S. Spencer was a good worker particularly in the Sabbath-school He died, much lamented, July 27, 1832. William Fleming faithfully served the church as ruling elder for a period of forty years—from its foundation till his death in 1868. He was born in 1781. April 7, 1833, Ephraim Cutler and Harry McClure were set apart as ruling elders. Mr. Cutler served the church and Sabbath-school ably and faithfully until his death July 8, 1853. He was twice a member of the Presbyterian general assembly. Mr. McClure was a delegate to the general assembly which met in St. Louis in 1855. Returning, he died of cholera on an Ohio river boat, in sight of his home, May 18, 1845. William P. Cutler and Joel Deming were made ruling elders.

Both are still living. Mr. Cutler left the place in 1872, and about that time George W. Bailey was added to the eldership.

METHODISM.

The late Bishop Morris, when a young man, preached occasionally in Warren, and was probably the pioneer preacher of the township. He formed a class in the part of the township which has since been set off to Dunham and one in the interior. A union meetinghouse was built on the site of the present town-house, which was mainly used by itinerant Methodists, who carried their missionary work into the country. Had it not been for these zealous itinerants, the sparsely populated portions of the county would have been deprived of the elevating and moralizing influences of Christian preaching. A large share of the credit for the systematic organization of the church is due to Rev. Levi Cunningham, who served first as a local preacher in the community, and was finally given charge of a circuit. When the settlement began to increase more rapidly, two classes were organized, one on Brown's run called "Zoar," the other on the Lancaster road, denominated "Bethel," and churches were built and cemeteries laid out for the accommodation of both classes. "Zoar" disbanded its organization at the beginning of the Rebellion. "Bethel" continues to maintain its organization, although preaching has been temporarily suspended. Warren chapel is at present (1881) the only preaching station in the township. Its membership is partially drawn from Zoar and Bethel. Warren churches are included in Barlow circuit.

MT. MORIAH UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH.

This church was organized about 1850, at which time a log meeting-house was built near the site of the present church on the Lancaster road near Wolf creek. The congregation was connected with Plymouth circuit until 1879, when the circuit was divided and Mt. Moriah was attached to Pleasant Grove, now Watertown circuit. The ministers connected with the Plymouth circuit, a list of whom will be found elsewhere, supplied this church. Rev. Mr. Willis is the present pastor.

DISCIPLE CHURCH.

In 1862 Jesse Thomas, Samuel Sprague, Robert Smith, and a few others holding the doctrines of Alexander Campbell, met and organized a society known as the Warren Disciple church. The society has never had the services of a regular pastor, but have been irregularly supplied by various ministers, Rev. Mr. Newgen preaching most frequently. A church building was erected near the residence of Nathan Thomas in 1880. The church, although not large, is in a healthy condition.

EARLY SUNDAY-SCHOOL.

The first Sunday-school was established in Warren township by Miss Mariam Cutler, a niece of Judge Cutler, in the spring of 1819. There were at that time in the whole community but five professors of religion, and three of those were considered recent settlers. Judge Cutler writes: "At the commencement the scholars had very little previous knowledge of the design of the insti-

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tution; many of them had been in the hatit of considering the Sabbath a holiday. But five were able to recite anything at the first meeting. There was, however, improvement." The following is the roll of scholars probably at the first meeting: boys—M. Cutler, William Cutler, J. Ranger, E. Smith, Seth Bailey, C. Baily, Johni Bailey, B. Bailey, A. Wood, William Cole, M. Wood, E. Ridgly, and W. Bailey; girls—M. Cutler, J. Cutler, C. Simpson, Sally Smith, Linda Cole, S. Jenks, D. Cole, C. Cole, C. Ridgly, M. Bailey, E. Bailey, S. Bailey, S. Harris, H. Smith, P. Smith, J. Cutler, C. Cutler, E. Cutler, and J. Ridgly. In 1836 there were three schools in the township, designated Nos. 1, 2 and 3. School No. r was superintended for some time by ladies. At the formation of the Presbyterian church eight scholars were received on profession and some of them were afterwards the most useful members. Four of this number had been teachers. After the establishment of the church the school was intimately connected with it. In 1836 there were sixty-one scholars, one superintendent and eight teachers, and a library of three hundred and sixty-four volumes.

School No. 2 was organized in 1833, and received through the agent of the Sunday-school union, J. M. McAboy, five dollars. Its library contained, in 1836, seventy-five volumes. There were at that time twenty-five scholars and four teachers.

School No. 3 was organized in 1833. In 1836 it had one hundred volumes in its library, three teachers and twenty scholars.

The several churches in the township maintain Sabbath-schools during the summer and others have been organized in school-houses. The three mentioned were the only early schools.

TEMPERANCE SOCIETY.

The free use of intoxicating and stimulating liquors have frequently been remarked. The much relished beverage was used to stimulate the brain and muscle while at work and to quiet the nerves during the hours of rest. A well filled bottle was the emblem of hospitality, and, all grades of society united in drinking each other's health. The subscription papers of one of the oldest churches in the county show that the minister received several gallons of whiskey on account of salary and another minister of the same period owned an interest in a distillery.

That there has been a revolution of opinion on the subject of temperance is proved by the change of customs, and it is interesting to know when and in what way this revolution was effected. We shall confine ourselves to the territory which forms the subject of this chapter. Mr. Cutler says in his notes:

The first check to intemperance which had so generally prevailed as to almost forbid the hope that it could be arrested, was matured under the blessing of God through the labors of Rev. Mr. Kingsbury and a few others, it was suggested as likely to have a favorable effect to invite the Rev. John Spaulding, then living at Athens, to deliver an address on this important subject. He accepted the invitation. A committee of five was appointed and a constitution was prepared, ready for the purpose of forming a society, to be presented for signatures immediately after the address.

The meeting was held April 22, 1832. Mr. Spaulding and Mr. Kingsbury each made thrilling addresses, and we were surprised to find forty-nine pledging themselves, by signing the constitution, to abandon the use of ardent spirits, except as medicine, and we hope the entire number with nearly one hundred others whose names are added to this constitution, have remained faithful to their promise.

This temperance movement resulted in a genuine reformation. It was approved and promoted by the most influential inhabitants. Intoxicating liquors were no longer provided at huskings and raisings, and were banished from the harvest field. At first additional wages were offered, but soon all acquiesed in the innovation. Nearly half a century has passed and the good effects remain.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

JESSE MELLOR.

About the year r795, Samuel Mellor and his brother- in-law, Matthew Corner, emigrated with their families from England, and settled on donation lands along the west branch of Wolf creek, in Watertown township. The Mellor family consisted of five sons and four daughters. One of the sons was Samuel Mellor, jr., who married Nancy Jadon, of this county, and improved a farm in the Wolf Creek bottom. Their family consisted of seven children: Susan (Dunsmore), Jesse, Mary (Adams), Prudence (Adams), Nancy (Godfrey), Joannah (Rodgers), and Walter. All of these are dead except Joannah, and Jesse, the subject of this sketch.

Jesse Mellor was born September 14, 1810. The nearest school-house being three miles distant, his early training was very limited, and the severe labor of a new farm deprived him of educational advantages later in life. He was married March 22, 1831, to Mary Ann Kidwell. He rented a farm in Wesley township, and served as a tenant four years. During that period, by industry and economical habits, he accumulated money enough to purchase a small tract of land, which he cleared, and afterwards traded for property in Marietta. In turn, the town property was exchanged for a farm on Wolf creek, above the homestead, but before removing to this place he cultivated his father's farm for a period of three years. Thirty-three years ago Mr. Mellor came into possession of his present property in Warren township.

Mary Ann Mellor, first wife of Jesse Mellor, died in February, 1844, in her thirty-fourth year, leaving seven children, all of whom are living. The children are: Mary Ann (Higgins), Harmar, born February 11, 1832; Columbus Mellor, Marietta, born November 16, 1833; Jefferson Mellor, Barlow, born March 29, 1836; Charles Mellor, Muskingum township, born April 31, 1838; Edward Mellor, Warren township, born February 10, 1840; Samuel Austin Mellor, Muskingum township, born November 23, 1841; Jane (Coffman), Warren township, born November 9, 1843.

646 - HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, OHIO.

Mr. Mellor married for his second wife, Matilda Elliott, July 12, 1845, by whom he had five children, viz: George Mellor, Warren township, born June 25, 1846; David Higgins Mellor, born May 28, 1848; Joannah (Mercer), Warren township, born March 12, 1851; Susannah Mellor, Harmar, born June 3, 1854; Thomas, born July 30, 1856, died in infancy; Mrs. Mellor died in 1865.

Mr. Mellor married for his third wife, January 1, 1866, Mrs. Ann Eliza Farrish, daughter of Joseph and Susannah Leach. Her father emigrated from Pennsylvania to Belmont county, Ohio, where she was born March 12, 1828. The family afterwards removed to this county. Her first husband was Thomas L. Farrish, who died in September, 1859, leaving three children: Virginia Ann, deceased, Tute M., and Joseph Leach. Mr. Mellor has by his third wife one son, Jesse L., born July 24, 1867.

Mr. Mellor has been during all his life a hard worker. He has cleared and improved four farms. In his clearing he departed from the general custom of the period, of making log-rolling frolics, finding it more profitable to do his own work with oxen and chains. Although never having learned the trade, Mr. Mellor is a skilled worker in wood. He has built three houses, made wagons, carts, plows, and other farming utensils for his own use and for his neighbors. In the kitchen, at the present time, stands an old-fashioned cupboard, made by him fifty ).ears ago, with a drawing knife. He never indulged in any games, preferring to use his time more profitably making churns, buckets, etc., etc. His sellmade tools and implements have frequently taken premiums at agricultural fairs.

Mr. Mellor has given special attention to fruit culture, having large plumb, peach, and apple orchards. One year he placed on exhibition, at the county fair, more than one hundred varieties of apples. Some of the specimens in the Ohio collection at the Centennial exposition were taken from his orchard. He has for many years sold fruits and vegetables to a large patronage in Marietta. He engaged in butchering and selling meat from his wagon for eight years. In addition to regular farming he has dealt largely in stock. Every agricultural fair in this county has received his support, and he always comes away with a fair share of premiums, the number at the county fair one year aggregating to forty-seven. .

Mr. Mellor's habits have been unusually regular. He has never tasted strong drink or tobacco, or indulged in needless luxuries. He has never bought for his children candies, preferring to give them books for presents. He is a well preserved man, being, at the age of three-score and ten, able to fell three-foot trees, leaving "a right and left cut stump."

His first vote was for Andrew Jackson; but the next four years made him a Whig, with which party he co-operated until 1856, when he became a Republican. During the half-century he has been a voter his name has been enrolled at every election until the spring of 1881, when sickness detained him.

TIMOTHY AND SARAH H. CONE.

Timothy Cone was born in East Haddam, Connecticut, May 20, 1777. He would look back to an honorable ancestry. He was the son of Joseph Cone and Martha Spencer, the daughter of Joseph Spencer, a major general in the war of the Revolution. Her mother was Martha Brainard, the sister of David and John Brainard.

Joseph Cone, the father of Timothy, was a naval officer, and laid down his life for his country during the struggle for independence, so that Timothy never knew what it was to enjoy a father's care and protection, but his mother made good the loss as far as lay in her power. Her memory was sacred to him through all his long life. His opportunities for education were scant, and entailed a lack that he never ceased to deplore.

Soon after he attained his majority he went to Belfast, Maine, and engaged in business in which he was having good success, when he was attacked by disease and compelled to leave all and devote himself to the recovery of his health. He went to Saratoga springs and remained there eighteen months, at the end of which time the savings of the previous years were consumed, but he had received in exchange the inestimable boon—recovered health.

In the spring of 1802 he started from Saratoga, on horseback, for the Ohio. His uncle, Dr. Joseph Spencer had bought a tract of land in Virginia, six miles below Marietta and removed his family thither. Mr. Cone went to his uncle's, and his home was there until in 1806 he married Sarah H. Bailey, the daughter of Seth Bailey, who emigrated from Easton, Massachusetts, in 1.804, and settled in Virginia, a few miles below Marietta.

Sarah H. Bailey was born in Easton, March 9, 1790, and was but sixteen and a half years old at the time of her marriage. They began housekeeping in a very humble way in Ohio on the bank of the river, six miles below Marietta. After a year or two Mr. Cone bought land back of the river, on what was known as the "State road," to which he removed, and there he remained four or five years, when he moved to Harmar. He lived there until 1826, when he bought a farm in Warren, four miles below Marietta, which from thenceforth became his home. The two youngest of his ten children were born there, and all grew to manhood and womanhood. Two of his children still live on the home place.

Mr. Cone felt so keenly his own want of education that he was determined to save his children, if possible, from like suffering. He was unwearied in his efforts to give them educational advantages, and counted no self denial too great if he would advance their interests in this respect. The low prices obtained for farm products at that time made it difficult to satisfy the wants and provide for the necessities of so large a family. Mr. Cone died in 1864 when nearly eighty-seven years old. His last years were clouded by the great affliction of blindness. For the greater part of twelve years he saw but dimly, and during the last two or three he saw not at all. His resignation and cheerfulness under this great affliction were something wonderful. Notwithstanding his great age his mental faculties were but little impaired at the time of his

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death; his memory, especially, was remarkably tenacious.

Mrs. Cone survived till 1870. She was a woman of great strength of character, of untiring industry and the most careful economy, whose home was her world. Her children "arise up and call her blessed." Mr. and Mrs. Cone were both members of the Presbyterian church, and died in the blessed hope of a glorious immortality. They are buried in Oak Hill cemetery, in Marietta.

Of their ten children seven are living. The youngest was the first to go to the "better land." Ellen married Hiram A. Peck, of Salem, Indiana, and died, leaving two children, in 1862. Deborah Packard, the eldest, married Mr. Silas Slocomb, and died in Marietta in 1863. Martha Spencer married Mr. J. B. Blackinton, who died in 1871. She and her three children live on a part of the home place. Mary is unmarried and lives in Marietta. Alice Sparrow married Edmund Brush, esq., of Zanesville, and was left a widow in 1861. She lives in Marietta. Of the four sons two are in California. George lives at Sacramento and Joseph Spencer at Red Bluff. The latter has been greatly successful in business and has accumulated a large property. Charles lives in the house his father built, and has been extending the area of his farm by adding acre to acre. Timothy is unmarried and lives in Marietta.