CHAPTER I	History is the Letter of Instruction which the old generations write and post-humously transmit to the new. All knowledge is but recorded experience and a product of history. - Carlyle	13
CHAPTER II	The North-western Territory	15
CHAPTER III	Original and present Wayne County	48
CHAPTER IV	Why called Wayne County.	60
CHAPTER V	Topography of the County. *	66
CHAPTER VI	A Synopsis of the Geology of Ohio	93
CHAPTER VII	Geological Structure of the County	111
CHAPTER VIII	Archaeology - Defensive and Sacred Enclosures The Mound Builders	135
CHAPTER IX	Indian History and Ethnology	161
CHAPTER X	The First Four Settlements in the County	176
CHAPTER XI	Early Settlers	178
CHAPTER XII	Early Agriculture - refuse lands - Markets	191
CHAPTER XIII	Johnny Appleseed	196
CHAPTER XIV	Crawford’s Campaign Through Wayne County	208
CHAPTER XV	Beall’s Campaign - 1812	223
CHAPTER XVI	Indian Chief Killbuck	228
CHAPTER XVII	St. Clair’s Defeat, November 4, 1791	236
CHAPTER XVIII	Wayne County - Its Organization - Elections, Institutions, Etc.	244
CHAPTER XIX	Wooster	281 350 400 450 500
CHAPTER XX	Paint Township	579
CHAPTER XXI	Franklin Township	596
CHAPTER XXII	East Union Township	614
CHAPTER XXIII	Milton Township	627
CHAPTER XXIV	Plain Township	639
CHAPTER XXV	Bird’s-Eye Agricultural Survey of Wayne County	657
CHAPTER XXVI	Greene Township	677
	Baughman Township	698
CHAPTER XXVII	Wayne Township	712
CHAPTER XXVIII	Wooster Township	726
CHAPTER XXIX	Wayne County Soldiers in the Civil War	749
CHAPTER XXX	Saltcreek Township	762
CHAPTER XXXI	Canaas Township	772
CHAPTER XXXII	Clinton Township	783
CHAPTER XXXIII	Congress Township	809
CHAPTER XXXIV	Chester Township	835
CHAPTER XXXV	Sugarcreek Township	843
CHAPTER XXXVI	Chippewa Towsnhip	850

5- INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION. A HISTORY of Wayne County, Ohio, in the more tangible form of a bound volume has long been a desideratum of an intelligent public-spirited class of our citizens. To wrench from " dumb forgetfulness " and recover from the dim and shadowy past the story of the struggles and privations of the pioneers; of their trials, hardships and suffering ; of their bitter experiences and victories of hope and faith; of their disappointments and triumphs, and crystallize the same upon the printed page, is certainly worthy of an honorable ambition. With the single exception of cursory reference, no chronicle of our county has been given, save that collected and published in eighteen hundred and forty-eight, by Henry Howe, of Cincinnati, in his " Historical Collections." Valuable and cheerful as is this little sketch, it is but a "gleamy ray "—a glint of light falling from an unsettled mirror, " Too like the lightning, which cloth cease to be, Ere one can say it lightens." In eighteen hundred and fifty-two, John Grable, of Paint Township, an erratic, eruptionary genius, full of the vegetating vigor of philosophy, attempted the enterprise, but for reasons unknown to the writer, it was not prosecuted to an issue. A portion of his manuscript we obtained through the courtesy of G. W. Fraze, of Paint Township, which we have appropriated as best subserved our purpose.  6 - INTRODUCTION Subsequently the project elicited the thought of John P. Jeffries, Esq., of the city of Wooster, who expended some time in search for material for such a volume. We have no reason to assign for his abandonment of the work, unless the urgent and multiplying duties of the legal profession interfered with its completion. Be that as it may, we do not hesitate to pronounce it a misfortune, in view of the time in which he commenced the labor, and his manifest competency and fitness for its performance, that he did not prosecute it, to a conclusion. More than to any other citizen of the county are we indebted to him for the serviceable interest he has shown in our undertaking, and it affords us no vain pleasure to here acknowledge his substantial and effective co-operation. Later, and finally, the "truth-speaking Briton "-a wise growth of the island where the House of Commons adjourns over the "Derby Day "-*Thomas Woodland, Esq., in strains heroically poetic, invoked the Muse of History to breathe upon the enterprise and cause it again to live. Under the inspiration of Mr. Woodland, a society was organized in eighteen hundred and seventy for the distinctive purpose of procuring for publication a history exclusively of the city of Wooster. The scheme was indorsed by many of the best citizens of the city ; but a maturer thought suggested the propriety of compassing within the proposed book a history of the county. This proposition was heartily approved and seconded by Hon. John Larwill, Hon. Martin Welker, E. Quinby, Jr., Leander Firestone, M. D., Hon. John P. Jeffries, Hon. John K. McBride, Hon. Benj. Eason, Hon. Joseph H. Downing, Ohio F. Jones, Esq., Angus McDonald, Constant Lake, David Robison, Jr., James C. Jacobs, John Zimmerman, Thomas Woodland, and many others that might be enumerated. Thereupon an organization was effected under the name of " The Wayne County Historical Society." Its purpose and aim being enlarged, the organization was adjusted and leveled to the new order of things. A Constitution and By-Laws were adopted, officers under the provisions of the same were chosen *Since dead. INTRODUCTION - 7 and elected, and a record of its sessions and general proceedings ordered to be kept. It was first conceived that, by the appointment of committees in the city and various townships throughout the county, the data for the history could more easily and most effectually be procured, and thereby the publication of the same would be largely facilitated. The plan was adopted, and the Secretary of the Society corresponded with the various committees and instructed them in the respective duties they were severally expected to perform. Time—ample time—was afforded in which to report, but with one or two notable exceptions, the reports were not forthcoming. The labor of collecting, combining and erecting into form was consequently devolved upon the historian ; whilst under the first arrangement, his province would simply have been to revise, adjust and systematize for publication. This unexpected check to the plan of the Society was everything but satisfactory. The writer hesitated as to his line of action, but finally determined to go on. His work now assumed more formidable proportions, and seemed like the task of Sisyphus. As a result, time became a cardinal ingredient of the enterprise, and of this he availed himself, as was his privilege. When all support failed us, we resolved to be our own master. When we beheld the panther in our path, we determined to approach him by the steps that suited us best. Though left alone in a somewhat primeval garden, we endeavored to inhale what fragrance there was in the air ; to turn over the sunken stones and see what treasures they concealed ; to dig around the decayed trunks of the old trees to see if there were no sap or juices that might be extracted. A more than usual interest is attached to our territorial history, concerning which the general reader, it is possible, may not be fully informed. Reference is made to the grants of lands in the New World, by James I. of England to the London and Plymouth Companies, and to those of Henry IV. of France, as early as sixteen hundred and three, which comprised the lands between the 8 - INTRODUCTION. fortieth and forty-sixth degrees of north latitude, and hence included what is now the State of Ohio. A technically complete description of originally established Wayne County is given, which forms a chapter in the book of incalculable value. Strange as it may appear, the Act creating Wayne County affords no intelligible idea of its remarkable boundary. The organization of the North-western Territory, under the Ordinance of seventeen hundred and eighty-seven, is introduced in full, and its line of civil administration accurately pursued until the admission of Ohio into the Federal Union in eighteen hundred and three. The topography and geology of the county are carefully considered by John P. Jeffries, Esq., of Wooster, author of the "Natural HIstory of the Human Races," who possesses the qualifications for the performance of such scientific labor. Its archeology is discussed at length, and forms a chapter which can not fail of interest to the student of the pre-historic period. Indian ethnology, historical surveys of the Delawares, Wyandots, Shawanese, etc., who inhabited this section, together with descriptions of the Great Trail leading from Fort Pitt to Fort Sandusky, and the massacre by Captain Fulkes of the red warriors on the banks of Apple Creek, all are compassed in the range of the work. The passage of Crawford's army through Clinton township, and of Beall's forces from Lisbon to Canton, Wooster, and on to the Huron, and a portion of the same to Fort Meiggs, are defined with reliable clearness, and viewed in the light of all the circumstances, are rich discoveries and recoveries from the margins of rapidly fading history. The earliest settlements of the county, and the characteristics of its first settlers are grouped succinctly in separate departments. Pioneer life is portrayed, and the more exciting scenes and situations, in which the magnificent metamorphosis appears of a brave people, moving from wilderness misrule and chaos to lofty civilization and grand achievement. A sketch INTRODUCTION - 9 of Johnny Appleseed is introduced, more elaborately written and more pregnant in detail, than any biography yet furnished. A survey of the present Wayne County is faithfully re-produced, and the manner, time and date of its subdivisions into townships recorded. Its organization, the erection of its first courts, and many particulars thereto relating, receive special 'prominence. The laying out of Madison, and finally the establishing of Wooster as the county seat, together with the vacation of the first named place, is explained in the almost technical language of the courts. Biographies of Generals Wayne and Wooster are presented, and the names of the officers of the city, county, townships and incorporated villages of the county, entrusted with their civil management, are set forth with the fidelity justified by the public records. With the divergent theories of extinct races, or past peoples, etc., having inhabited the soil, we institute inquiry, but have no controversy. To have entered in extenso upon this question would have been to have penetrated neither a vine-yard nor an olive-yard, but an intricate jungle of thorns and briers, from which those who lose themselves therein, may bring back many scratches but no food. They "died and made no sign" beyond ancient tumuli and circular erections, the very character of which might assign them to almost any race which, after partially climbing the steep of civilization, had, from gradual decay, or sudden demolition, lapsed into barbarism or wholly disappeared. Who these people were, whence they came, and what their destiny, investigation has not solved and pen has not yet positively written. They belong to that period to which the bygone ages, incalculable in amount, with all their well-proportioned gradations of being, form the imposing vestibule. Whether the true mound-builders or not, we feel as we contemplate them that they were sentient, and possibly, superior beings, of whom nothing remains but antique relics and fossiliferous vestiges ; masses of "inert and senseless matter never again to be animated by the mysterious spirit of vitality—that spirit which, dissipated in the 10 - INTRODUCTION. air or diffused in the ocean, can, like the sweet sounds and pleas-. ant odors of the past, be neither gathered up nor recalled." It should be inferred, however, that upon a topic so absorbing and so vitalized with deep interest we would claim a hearing, but as before indicated, no controversy has been indulged and no special theories maintained. The agricultural possibilities of the county are presented in a strong light, and a " bird's-eye " view of its cereals, fruits, etc., taken at short and long range, composes an interesting chapter. A complete history of the city of Wooster is given, with elaborate sketches of its original proprietors, together with a full account of the first surveys, names of first settlers, building of first houses, location of the same, and first architects, construction of first courthouse, jail and churches, with names and biographies of pioneer judges, lawyers, physicians and clergymen. The various townships have each a separate history, including date of organization, where first elections were held, names of judges of same, and first voters ; where first school-houses and churches were erected ; embracing incidents of " backwoods" life, with the experiences of the bear-hunter and the edge-man of the roaring camp-meeting. The biographical department can not fail to be interesting, for history, we are told, " is the essence of innumerable biographies." Seneca says, " Is it not a more glorious and profitable employment to write the history of a well ordered life, than to record the usurpations of ambitious princes ? " Its object is the crystallization of the deeds and doings of the fathers ; the transferring to the printed page some of the worthy and good of their living sons. We would save them from the obscurity, for which the arm is stretched, to rescue the fathers. Very near unto us all is forgetfulness. In the wondrous, boundless jostle of things, our lives and our deaths are soon lost sight of. The panorama is shifted, and the life-bustle of to-day is the death-tableau of to-morrow. "The Fate goes round, and strikes at last where it has a great while passed by." The record of a humble but well spent life is INTRODUCTION - 11 indeed worth the transient flourish of a pen. Posterity will not be ungrateful for it, and it should be enlarged into a record for its use. These sketches, in many instances, are sufficiently elaborate to delineate the more prominent traits of individual character, and are drawn together in open juxtaposition, irrespective of belief, position or creed. Prior to the organization of the county, in eighteen hundred and twelve, we have presented the most authoritative recollections of our oldest and most intelligent men who have lived in the county. There is unavoidable discrepancy and indefiniteness in the narration anterior to this date. Our researches covering this period, at times, were like a ramble for light in the land of the Homeric Cimmerians. We regret that the initial year-marks have been blurred —that Time has blown the sand and dirt over the first foot-prints. Much previous to the above date, however, has been rescued from oblivion. From eighteen hundred and twelve we start abreast with the records, and are able, with few exceptions, to define the historic past, Our chief aim has been to seize hold of " first things," for they " have a fascination, because they are first things." It certainly should be the subject of a profound public regret that the project of preparing such a book has been so long postponed. Had it been inaugurated in the days and times of Joseph Larwill, John Sloane, Benjamin Jones, Alexander McBride, Levi Cox, Edward Avery, Cyrus Spink, Smith Orr, Andrew McMonigal, etc., etc., we would have experienced little of the difficulty which we have met and with which we have been perplexed. We have sought to discharge our duty with impartiality, fidelity and discrimination, uniformly aiming to delineate, with scrupulous truthfulness, the aspects and features of the subjects upon which we have been called to pronounce. Nor have we allowed any portion of the work to be freighted with unimportant details, vapid dissertations, or infested with recitations to gratify or pamper a perverted or depraved curiosity. It is but due to ourself and to the reader to say, that our work has been performed, at times, under serious 12 - INTRODUCTION. embarrassments, and that much of it has been accomplished during intervals of other employment. More than this, we but add that our labors have been more tedious and difficult than was at first imagined, and that our resources of investigation have been more barren than we anticipated. If we have rescued from the chasm of the past—the vortex of the dead untenanted years—anything that will interest the generations of the coming time ; if we have saved from oblivion the memory of a life that illustrated a single virtue, a moral principle, or a religion in this mad Babylon of the world, then our labor will be compensated. Whether we have achieved this purpose, others will decide instead of us. We are less concerned in the verdict than those who render it. The hush of death will have fallen upon many ears when posterity shall arise and record its judgment. BEN DOUGLASS. Wooster, Ohio, June, 1875.