1450 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. primeval forest. He was a worker and soon had a good farm,—in fact he became the owner of seven hundred, acres of land, most of which he entered from the government and cleared and cultivated. It is interesting to note the fact that he was a great hunter and he was on a hunt in Wayne county when he wag attracted by the locality, and fine soil here, consequently he returned and made this his home until his death. He was a typical pioneer, rugged, brave and honest, and he became influential in the affairs of this county. The maternal grandparents of Henry P. Sigler, Henry and Clara Jane Lance, were also natives of Pennsylvania. They also came to Wayne county, Ohio, in an early day and began life in the woods, but became the owners of a good, home and a fine, farm. Henry Sigler, father of Henry P. Sigler, was. born in. Milton township, Wayne county, March 23, 1830. He grew to manhood here and attended the common schools. His wife was born in 1829 in Milton township, and their wedding occurred in this township. H.enry Sigler became a well-to-do farmer and was influential in county affairs. He, had two brothers, Levi and Samuel. He was a very active member of the Baptist church. In fact, this family has long been active in church affairs ; the paternal grandfather of Henry P. Sigler was a minister in the Reformed Lutheran church and he had .the honor of founding that, church in Wayne county. To Mr. and Mrs. Henry Sigler nine children were born, one dying in infancy, seven now. living. They are, John O., Mary I., William D., Marion R. (deceased), Charles E., Henry P. (of this review), Clara, Elsie, Isa Ann. Mrs. Henry Sigler, mother of the subject, passed to her rest in 1908. Henry P. Sigler was reared on the home farm and educated at Rittman; he devoted his early life to agricultural pursuits, remaining on the home place until 1899. He then went to Rittman and engaged in the grain business until 1902, since which time he has been engaged in buying and selling hay, building up an extensive business in this line. He still owns the home farm of eighty acres, which yields a good annual income. Mr. Sigler was married in October, 1894, to Addie E. Schneider, a member of an old and highly respected family, and this union has resulted in the birth of the following children : Ruth, Esther, Lloyd, Etta, Ralph, Glen. Mr. Sigler is a member of the Baptist church, and in politics he is a Democrat. He has taken, considerable interest in local political matters, and has ably, served as trustee of Milton township, also as supervisor of the same. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 1451 T. C. HUNSICKER. Clearly defined purpose and consecutive effort in. .the affairs of life will inevitably result. in the termination .of a due measure of success, but in following out the career of one who has attained .success by his .own efforts there: comes into view the intrinsic individuality which has made such accomplishment possible, and thus .there is granted an objective incentive.. and inspiration, while at the same time there is enkindled a feeling of respect and admiration, as in the case of T. C. Hunsicker, the well known cashier of the First National Bank of Dalton, Ohio, who was born near Williamsport, Pickaway county, this state, November 24, 1877, the son of Cyrus Hunsicker, a highly respected and influential citizen of that vicinity. T. C. Hunsicker was born and reared on: a farm and at the age of seven years his parents moved into . Williamsport and it was there that. he received his preliminary schooling, graduating from the high school in 1894. His early inclination was to become a banker and he bent every effort to this end with the result that he today stands very high in banking circles of the Buckeye state. He began his successful career. as a financier by securing employment in the Farmers Bank at Williamsport as clerk, and, so faithfully did he perform his duties that he was soon promoted to be assistant, cashier, in 1895, which position he very creditably held until 1902, in which year he came to Dalton, Ohio, and organized the First National Bank, of which he is one of the heaviest stockholders. and the prime mover in making this one of the sound, successful and important banking institutions of this part of the state. It was organized with .a capital. stock of twenty-five thousand dollars. In 1902 the officers were.: H. M. Rudy, president; W. H. H. Wertz, vice-president ; T. C. Hunsicker, cashier ; .C. F. Buckwalter, assistant cashier. . The board of directors are W. H. H. Wertz, D. Y. Roebuck, D. F. Schultz, M. F. McDowell, J. H. Tschantz, C. F. Buckwalter and T. C. Hun, sicker. There are two vice-presidents : D. Y.. Roebuck, first, and D. F. Schultz. second. These men are all well known throughout Sugar Creek township—in fact, the eastern part of Wayne county, and their prestige is such that this bank is well patronized. Mr. Hunsicker was married in 1902 to Nellie Eycke, a talented and refined lady, the daughter of a fine old family, of Williamsport, Ohio, in which city she was born. This union, has been blessed by the birth of two children, Paul, born in February, 1905, and Fred, born in 1907. Mr. Hunsicker is a member of the !Methodist Episcopal church and is also interested. in Sunday school work, being a liberal supporter of the former and 1452 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. a ready worker in the latter. Fraternally he is a member of Williamsport Lodge, No. 501, Free and Accepted Masons. In politics he is a Republican, having taken considerable interest in local affairs for some time. In 1907 he was elected treasurer of Sugar Creek township, and to show that he has an excellent following there, we are advised that the county went Democratic by a majority of one hundred, but he was elected by eleven votes. He is public-spirited, honorable in all his transactions and a pleasant man to meet. HENRY WAGNER. A well known and highly respected citizen of Wayne county who has shown by his long life of earnest endeavor to advance his own interests and that of his family, at the same time not neglecting for a Moment his duty to his fellow citizens, that he is the possessor of most commendable attributes is Henry Wagner, who was born in Baughman township, this county. August 20, 1835, the son of Frederick Wagner. They came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, as early as about 1829, settling in Baughman township, buying one hundred and sixty acres, which they cleared, improved and lived on the remainder of their days, having been sterling- pioneers, hard-working, honest, neighborly. Their son, Henry, of this review, was educated in district school No. 4, Baughman township. He received a fairly good education for those early days, and when but a boy began learning the carpenter's trade, which he worked at between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two. He then turned his attention to farming- and purchased the eighty acres where he now lives. He 'prospered from the first and later bought eighty acres adjoining his original. farm, on the south. He has erected a modern and beautifully located dwelling and a substantial barn on the place—in fact, numerous buildings on each of the eighties, and he has been very well repaid for his labor and attention to his farming interests. He has been a breeder of Chester White, Berkshire and Mague swine, also Shorthorn cattle, his fine stock always being eagerly sought for and attracting much attention. Mr. Wagner vas married on January 19, 1860, to Mary Jane Frase, whose parents were natives of Wayne county, Ohio, having been among the very earliest settlers here and people of high respectability. To Mr. and Mrs. Wagner the following children have been born : Jennetta, now Mrs. AC H. Rittinger, of Akron, Ohio ; Alfreda, deceased; Letta May, who died in infancy ; Cora, who died in infancy; J. D., who was married to Emma Habel; WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 1453 Curtis, Orrin ; Clyde H., who was married to Grace Gorman, lives in Doylestown. Mr. Wagner has never aspired to position of public trust, preferring to devote his time to his individual affairs.. He is known to be a man of highest integrity and he numbers his friends 'by the scores throughout the county. ADAM HACKENBERG. From sterling pioneer ancestors comes Adam Hackenberg, a thrifty farmer in Chippewa township, Wayne county, having been born on the farm he now owns, on August 14, 1844, the 'son. of Lazarus and Susan (Wallenberg) Hackenberg. His paternal grandparents, Michael and Elizabeth, Hackenberg, were natives of Pennsylvania who came to Ohio in a very early clay and located in Wayne county, where they entered land from the government and cleared it up, making a home in the midst of the forest, and here they. both lived and died. The maternal grandparents of our subject were natives of Pennsylvania and they also came to 'Ohio in a very early day, and here lived until their deaths, many years ago. Michael Hackenberg, father of Adam, was born in the state of Pennsylvania about 1802, and he came. to Wayne county, Ohio, with his parents when a boy. His mother was also born in Pennsylvania, about 1.803 or 1804, and she, too, came to Ohio when young and here met and married Mr. Hackenberg. The latter was a carpenter by trade and he followed that for many years in his immediate vicinity, later giving his .entire attention to farming, owning one hundred and sixty acres of land at the time of his death. While he lived a comparatively quiet life, he was very prominent in the affairs of the Mennonite church. He and his wife were the parents of three sons and three daughters, who grew to besides three children who died in infancy. Out of the number only three are now living, two daughters and Adam, of this review. Adam Hackenberg was educated in the common schools of his native community, in district No. 1, and he was reared on the farm, beginning work on the same when very young, and about 1888 he purchased seventy-seven and three-fourths acres of the old homestead, now owning only sixty' acres,. having sold some of the land to' his son. He has carried on diversified farming and always made a comfortable living: He was married to Adeline Adams, a native of Wayne county, and the daughter of John Adams, who was an old settler here. This union has resulted in the 'birth of thirteen chil- 1454 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. dren, namely : Alice, William, John, Mary, Arthur, Clara, Samuel, George (killed in a coal mine), Mattie, Bertha, Della May (died in infancy), Frederick Nelson (died in infancy), Grover (died in infancy). The mother of these children died on January 10, 1899, and Mr. Hackenberg never re-married. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Chippewa Township Farmers' Club, also belongs to the Lutheran church, of which his Wife was also a member. ORRIN WAGNER. The qualities which have made Orrin Wagner one of the successful and prominent young men of Wayne county have also won for him the esteem :of his fellow citizens, for his career has been one of well-directed energy, strong determination and honorable methods, keeping untarnished the excellent reputation of his ancestors, who have figured in the development of this locality in many ways since the pioneer period. Orrin Wagner was born on his father's farm in Chippewa township, near Marshallville, Wayne county, and he received his primary education in school. No. 7, Chippewa township, later attending the high school at Marshallville, and then the University at Wooster, where he made a splendid record for scholarship and well qualified himself for the laudable calling he has elected to follow, having become one of the best known and most successful educators in the county. His services have always been in great demand, for he has the happy faculty of pleasing both pupil and patron. He began teaching in 1895 and for six.years taught school and. attended school during vacations. For the past eight years he has taught and farmed, his agricultural pursuits being conducted on his father's north eighty, and no small part of his income is derived from this source. The schools he has taught are as follows : One term in No. 7, Chippewa township; five terms in No. 5, Chippewa township, but not consecutively ; two terms in No. 10, Baughman township, and two terms in No. 6, Chippewa township. He returned to No. 10, Baughman township, in the fall of 1909. .Mr: Wagner was married on September 5, 1901, to Dela Mabel Zimmerman, daughter of Franklin and Mary Zimmerman, natives of Stark county, Ohio. Mrs. Zimmerman's family, however, originally came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania.. To Orrin Wagner and wife three children have been born, namely : Wendel Henry, Franklin (deceased) and Giles Howard. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 1455 Mr. Wagner is a member of St. Michael's Lutheran church, and he takes an abiding interest in whatever tends to promote the welfare of his county, whether 'educational, religious, p0litical or material. WILLIAM W. SHANK. Agriculture has been the true source of man's dominion on earth ever since the primal existence of 'labor,- and has been the pivotal industry that has controlled for the most part all the fields of action to which his intelligence and energy have been devoted. Among this sturdy element in Wayne cOunty, Ohio, whose labors have profited alike themselves and the community in which they live, is the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this brief biographical review. William Wallace Shank was born on the old Shank homestead, where his brother, C. M. Shank, now resides, one of the well known old and valuable farms of Chippewa township. The date of William W. Shank's birth was August 24, 1886. He is the son of George and Esther A. (Adams) Shank, each representatives of fine old pioneer families and highly respected citizens of this township. For a full account of the ancestors of the Shank family, the reader is directed to the sketch of C. M. Shank, appearing on another page of this work. William W. Shank received a fairly good education in the common schools of his native community, having applied himself to his text-books as best he could when not assisting with the work on the home farm. Thus being trained to farm work it is not strange that he should select agriculture as his life work. He has always farmed on one of the home farms, now residing on the second farm bought by his father,, a little northeast of the old homestead. He carries on general farming in a manner that shows him to- be fully abreast of the times in every respect, carefully rotating his crops and keeping the soil in excellent- condition. His place is well improved and he has a very comfortable house and outbuildings; also keeps some- good stock and poultry. Mr. Shank was married in 1890 to Mary Baughman, daughter of Thomas and Eliza (Kepler) Baughman, who were early settlers in Summit county, Ohio, having moved to this state from Pennsylvania. They took up government land here and cleared the same, making a good home, although requiring years of hard work, but, like all pioneers of these times, they thought little of toil and inconveniences. 1456 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. To Mr. and Mrs. William W. Shank three children have been born : Ethel M., Ruby M., Harold W. They are all living at home. Mr. Shank and family are members of the Reformed Lutheran church and very regular in their attendance of the same. Mr. Shank is a Democrat in politics, but he has never aspired for public office, preferring to devote his time to his individual affairs. FREDERICK STAIR. Among the honored and well known citizens of Plain township, Wayne county, of this generation who are now successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits, the name of Frederick Stair is deserving of preservation, for his long life here has been fraught with much good not only to himself and family but also to his neighbors and to the community at large. Mr. Stair was born in Plain township, Wayne county, Ohio. March 25, 1837, and was the son of John and Elizabeth (Cugla) Stair, who came from Germany in 1833, and in August of that year settled in Plain township and lived there until the death of the father, on his farm of sixty acres, some of which he cleared.. Before leaving Germany he was a soldier in the regular army of that country for a period of eight years. He voted at the first election held after his arrival here. His family consisted of thirteen children. Frederick Stair was reared on the home place and lived there until he was twenty-six years of age, then he married Sarah Ann Strauss, daughter of Peter and Julia (Renner) Strauss, who were born in Pennsylvania. having come from Crawford county, that state, to Wayne county, Ohio, in 1850. In 1868 Frederick Stair bought seventy-two acres of land where he now resides in Plain township. Since purchasing the same he has added eight acres 'of woods to his place, and lie has followed general farming very successfully and has a comfortable home. He is a strong Prohibitionist,—in fact, he was the first man in this township to advocate its principles. He is a member of the Reformed church and very faithful in his attendance and support of the same. The family of Frederick Stair consists of the following children : William Henry, of Orrville, this county ; Irvin O., mentioned on another page ; Laura Ada, Ossie Mary and Alice. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 1457 IRVIN O. STAIR Only a cursory glance at the well improved and carefully tilled and well kept farm of Irvin O. Stair, of Plain township, Wayne county, is necessary to prove to the observer that he has been not only a hard working man but has exercised good judgment and splendid taste. Mr. Stair was born in this township on December 20, 1865, and it has been his privilege and pleasure to spend his life in his home community. He is the son of Frederick Stair and wife, a highly respected family, mentioned elsewhere in this work. Irvin O. Stair was educated in Plain township in the common schools which he attended during the winter months, and when he was old enough he was placed in the fields during the crop season, and he has always followed farming. He is now the owner of a good farm of ninety-three acres, on which he carries on general farming, and he is very comfortably situated. Mr. Stair was married on December 22, 1887, to Eva Rebecca Bechtel, daughter of T. O. Bechtel and wife, residents of Plain township, who are mentioned at proper length in another part of this volume. After a happy married life of twelve years, Mrs. Stair was called to her reward on April 25, 1909. She had borne her husband two children, one of whom, Ethel May, died on March 30, 1908. The other, Glenn O., was married to Edna May Swartz on June 20, 1909. Mr. Stair is a Democrat in politics, but he has never taken a notable part in party affairs, though he always stands ready to defend its principles. He and his family are members of the Reformed church at Reedsburg and faithful in their support of the same. GEORGE W. REHM. One of the successful farmers of Baughman township, Wayne county, is George W. Rehm, a man who has won success in his chosen line of endeavor because he has worked for it along legitimate channels and has never depended upon anyone else to do his planning, and certainly not to do his work. Mr. Rehm is the son of George and Mary (Sickman) Rehm, the father having been born in Pennsylvania, from which state he came to Wayne county, Ohio, when a boy. His son, George W., of this review, is the fourth (92) 1458 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. child of the family now living. He was reared on the farm where he now lives and was one year old when his father moved here. He was placed in the fields when. old enough and assisted with the general farm work, attending the common schools in his district in the meantime, and received a fairly good education. Mr. Rehm was married on March 29, 1899, to Abigail Fry; daughter of John Fry, of this township, a highly respected family. She was 'reared and educated in Baughman township. This union has resulted in the birth of three children, namely : Hazel, born January 19, 1900; Grace, born August 1, 1901 ; Glenn, born November 14, 1904. Mr. Rehm is the fortunate possessor' of the- old Rehm homestead, one of the desirable landed estates in his community, consisting of eighty-one and one-fourth acres, located in sections 21 and 22, Baughman township, where he now resides. He is successfully engaged in general. farming and stock raising, and he has kept his place well improved. He stays on his farm and devotes his exclusive attention to it. Politically Mr. Rhem is a Democrat, and is a member of the Lutheran church, being a deacon in the local congregation, always taking much interest in church affairs. JOHN S. STEINER. John S. Steiner, having always been a man of industry and integrity, is eminently deserving of the success he has attained in material things, and he is today one 0f the progressive farmers of Baughman township, Wayne county. He was born. in Greene township, this county, January 19, 1861, and is the son of Daniel and Magdalena (Basinger) Steiner. The father was born in Germany, and at the age of five years he came with his parents, Daniel Steiner and wife, to America and settled in Greene township, Wayne county. Ohio, and here entered land from the government. Thus the grandfather of the subject started life in the woods here, cleared his place and lived here the rest of his life. His son, Daniel, father of John S., was reared on the old farm which he assisted to clear and here he is still living at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. He has been a man of industry and is highly respected for his honorable career. His family consisted of nine children, namely : Fannie, wife of D. C. Amstutz ; P. R. ; Elias, deceased ; David and John; Mary, wife of Philip Hilty ; Barbara, deceased; Daniel and Noah ; Sarah, wife of John Zimmerlee. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 1459 John S. Steiner, of this review, was reared on the home farm in Greene township, where he worked in the summer and attended school in the winter, and although he often. had to remain at home and cut wood, he received a fairly good education. After he was twenty-one years of age he was employed by the year to work for his father, continuing thus for four years. Mr. Steiner was married to Mary Welty, who was. born in Putnam county, Ohio. He then bought eighty-four acres in section 8, Baughman township, going in debt for part of it, but he has paid it all out and has finished improving it and now has a good farm and a very comfortable home. He is a general farmer and raises some good stock of various kinds. Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Steiner, namely : Alma, born February 23, 1888, graduated from the Orrville high school; Elam, born April 9, 1889; . Etta, born October. 28, 189o; Clela, born March 2, 1892; Verna, born September 1894 ; Glenn, born September I 0, 1900 ; Lulu, born October 3, 1905. The mother of these. children, a good and faithful wife and mother, passed to her rest on March 25, 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Steiner are members of the' Reformed church at Orrville. Politically he is a Democrat, but he is not especially active, and has held no office except that of school director. He is straightforward in his methods and is a. highly respected citizen. GEORGE M. YOUNG. The name of George M. Young has long been linked with progress in all its phases in Wayne county, for he is essentially a man of affairs in all that the term implies and is deserving of the success he has achieved. Mr: Young was born in Chester township, this county, September 20, 1853, the son of Isaac and Alvina (McVicker) Young. His paternal grandparents were Isaac and Mary (Gosshorn) Young, natives of Washington county, Pennsylvania, in Which county they were married. in 1803. In 1833 they and their family moved to Ohio and settled at Canal Fulton, where they remained one year, and while there the grandfather and two daughters died. Then the grandmother and the rest of the family moved to Chester township, Wayne county, and the family has lived here ever since. The maternal grandparents of the subject were natives of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and they also came to Chester township, Wayne county, Ohio, about the time that. the Young family moved here and here they spent the rest of their lives. Isaac Young was born in 1816, and his wife in 1818, both in the same county, and they each came to Wayne county, Ohio, as children with their parents, from Pennsylvania. They were reared as near neighbors 1460 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. in Chester township, and on July 13, 1837, were married. Mr. Young learned the cooper's trade, which he worked at twelve years, then took up farming and at his death owned a good farm; he lived to an advanced age. He took a prominent part in the affairs of the Methodist church. He was one of twelve children, namely : Sarah, born in 1803; Anna, born in 1805; Susan, born in 1806; Agnes, born in 1810 ; Catherine, born in 1808; Mary, born in 1812 ; Elizabeth, born in 1814 ; Isaac, born in 1816; Jeremiah, born in 1818 ; Louisa, born in 1824 ; Rhoda, born in 1826 ; Lavina, born in 1828, and she is the only one living in 1910. The father of the subject died on April 6, 1878. He was, like his father, a good and useful man, lived a quiet and retired life and was highly respected. George M. Young, of this review, was educated in the common schools of Chester township and was reared on the farm, and he took up farming for a livelihood. He bought out the heirs and now owns the old home place of eighty-four acres, and he has one hundred and sixteen acres elsewhere. .He has been very successful as a general farmer and stock raiser, and has a well kept and well improved place. Mr. Young was married on May 27, 1879, to Minerva Billhimer, a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Abraham and Lucinda Billhimer, who came to Wayne county in about 1865 or 1866. Both are now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Young seven children have been born, namely : Oliver Clinton, who married Mae Warner; Minnie is the wife of Foster Warner ; Carrie is the wife of Garfield Warner ; Charles Edward married Fay Warner. (The Warner girls are twins ; these are all children of Henry Warner.) Sylvia Young was next in order of birth, then Guy and Raymond. In politics Mr. Young is a Democrat and he has been township trustee for seven years, and for the past sixteen years has been a member of the local school board. In 1909 he was a candidate for county commissioner, and his candidacy was looked upon with much favor by all concerned from the first, owing to his general popularity and his fidelity to public trusts. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. CHARLES E. FOLSOM. Charles E. Folsom, well known and popular traveling salesman, who maintains his home at Wooster, Wayne county, is a man of tact, ingenuity and foresight, and it is safe to say that he would make a success at whatever he turned his attenti0n. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 1461 Mr. Folsom comes of a highly honored and influential family, and he was born at Braceville, Trumbull county, Ohio, March 6, 1868. His father was James Byron Folsom, a native of Hampden, Geauga county, Ohio, and he was a traveling salesman all his life, being very successful in this line and becoming well known. His death occurred in May, 1889, at Auburn, Ohio, at the age of forty-seven years. He was a man highly respected by those who came into contact with him. The Folsom family is of Yankee origin, the great-grandfather of the subject having been a resident of the state of Connecticut, and there his son, James K., grandfather of Charles E., of this review, was born, and from there he came to Hampden, Ohio, in an early clay and there engaged in the hotel business. James B. Folsom married Cordelia Miller, a native of Braceville, Trumbull county, Ohio, and her death occurred when the son, Charles S., was two and one-half years of age, on June .20, 1871. She had one other child, Eugene M., now deceased. Thus the only member of the Folsom family left is the subject. Charles E. Folsom remained at the place of his birth—Braceville, Ohio—until he was sixteen years of age, and there he attended school, and while yet in his boyhood he began clerking in a country store near Farmington, Ohio. Later he attended the Mt.. Vernon Commercial College, graduating from that institution when eighteen years of age, in 1885. He then went to Cleveland, Ohio, and found employment with Strong, Cobb & Company, wholesale druggists, and he has remained in the employ of this firm to the present day, having given them the utmost satisfaction in every particular and been regarded by them from the first as one of their most faithful and trusted employes. He started in as porter, and later was given work in the office, where he soon distinguished himself, and eventually he was sent out. on the road, and he has been their traveling representative for the past sixteen. years. Mr. Folsom left Cleveland and located in Wooster on January 29, 1904, and he has remained here ever since, maintaining a cozy home on Beall avenue. Mr. Folsom was married on January 9, 1889, to Lucy B. Harris., of Cleveland ; she was born in Buffalo and is a lady of .winning characteristics.. This union has resulted in the birth of four children, namely : George B.,. born October 27, 1889, died when eight weeks old; Margaruite C., born. 1462 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. July 25, 1893 ; Helen Phylis, born July 4, 1895 ; Kenneth Miller, born March 3, 1899. Mr. Folsom belongs to the United Commercial Travelers. He is a Democrat politically, but takes no special interest in the affairs of the party. CYRUS G. CRANE. Success has been worthily attained by Cyrus G. Crane, one of Wayne county's honored citizens, whose long and very active career has been one of which his descendants may ever be proud. He has done his full share in the development of his community and is a man .whom to know is to honor. He was born in Jackson, Wayne county, Ohio, near where he now lives, on January 22, 1837. He is the son of Zenas and Polly (Stiles) Crane. His father was born in New Jersey and his mother in Massachusetts, the former in 1802 and the latter in 1807. The elder Crane came to Wayne county, Ohio, in 1829 and bought a farm of eighty acres in the vicinity of Jackson and in 1837 he built one of the first brick houses in the neighborhood, cleared and improved his farm. He took a prominent part in the Presbyterian church, becoming a ruling elder. He also took an interest in political affairs, but he never aspired to official positions. He was a highly honored man, his character being above reproach. His death occurred in 1884, his widow surviving sixteen years, dying in 1900. Their family consisted of nine children, six of whom are living. At the time of his death he was a very extensive land owner. The subject's paternal grandfather was Zenas Crane, of Caldwell, New Jersey, and his wife was Abbey Grover, daughter of Joseph Grover, who Was pastor of the Presbyterian church in Parsippi, New Jersey. The first of the Cranes to come to America were the traditional three brothers from England, some time during the eighteenth century; one settled in Connecticut and the other two in New Jersey. Joseph Grover was a Whig in politics and a preacher during the Revolutionary period, and it is said that he preached with a revolver by his Bible many times. Zenas Crane was the first member of the family to come to Ohio to make his home. He was. married in 1831 or 1832. The maternal grandparents, Enoch Stiles and wife, were natives of Massachusetts. They came to Medina county, Ohio, and settled in Westfield township,. and they moved from there to .Cuyahoga county, Ohio, and there lived until their deaths, about the time of the Revolutionary war. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 1463 Cyrus G. Crane was educated in the common schools of Wayne county and was reared on the home farm. He took up farming and bought land in Canaan township, and he has sold off all but five acres of the old place. He carries on general farming and stock raising and he has been very successful in this line of endeavor. He was one of the patriotic men who went out to defend the flag in the sixties, having enlisted in August, 1862, in Company H, One Hundred and Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and after a faithful service of six months he was discharged for disability, although he had enlisted for three years. He returned home and resumed farming, but he now lives retired. In politics he is a Republican, but he has never sought office. He joined the Presbyterian church in Jackson township in 1860 and has remained a faithful member ever since. Mr. Crane was married in 1870 to Frances J. Pierson, of Licking county, Ohio, the daughter of Nelson and Jane Pierson, old settlers there. To this union three children have been born, namely : Orville P. is engaged with the electric line; Grace, deceased Lois E., wife of I. J. Eshelman. Mr. Crane is now the oldest resident in Jackson. Jason Jones owned the farm before he purchased it. Mr. Jones was a half-brother of the subject's grandmother.   DAVID W. MUSSLEMAN. In placing the name of David W. Mussleman among the progressive busi ness men of Wooster, Wayne county, simple justice is done a biographical fact. A man of judgment, sound discretion and business ability of a high order, he has, with tactful success, managed important enterprises and has so impressed his individuality upon the community as to gain recognition among the leading citizens and public spirited men of affairs. Mr. Mussleman was born in Souderton, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, November 6, 1850, the son of David Mussleman, a native of the same place. He was a shoemaker by trade and taught school in his early days. He came to New Pittsburg, Wayne county, in 1853 and lived there until his death in 1893. Grandfather Mussleman was also a native of Pennsylvania and died quite young. He married a Miss Castle. The mother of the subject was Catharine Wile, who was also a native of Pennsylvania. Her death occurred in 1898, at the age of eighty-two years. She and her husband became the parents of eleven children, seven of whom are living ; besides the subject, these are, Mrs. Eliza McEwen, of Perry, Ohio ; 1464 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. Henry W., of New Pittsburg, Ohio ; Mrs. Lucy A. Will and I. W., both also of New Pittsburg; Mrs. Lydia Martin, of Cleveland ; and Mrs. Rosalind Barnhart, of New Pittsburg. David W. Mussleman was two and one-half years old when his parents moved to Wayne county, Ohio. He received a common school education here, and he started in life for himself as a cooper, which he followed a few years, then engaged successfully in the grocery business. at New Pittsburg for eleven years. During that time he was postmaster of that place, under Cleveland's. administration. He also served two terms as township clerk and two terms as township treasurer, performing his duties as a public servant in a very acceptable manner. In 1893 he was elected county clerk on the Democratic ticket and he moved to Wooster that year. He was in the clerk's office from February, 1893, to August, 1899, having been re-elected in 1895. He made a splendid record in this office and won the hearty approval of all concerned. Since then he has been looking after various business interests and he has been very successful at whatever he has turned his attention to He is president of the Building & Loan Association of Wooster, and its large success and prestige has been due very largely to his judicious management and wise counsel. Mr. Mussleman was united in marriage on December 15, 1892, to Martha R. Myers, daughter of David Myers, one of the most substantial and best known citizens of Wooster. Mrs. Mussleman is a lady of culture and refinement and, like her husband, has a wide circle of warm personal friends. This union has been, graced by the birth of two children, David, now seventeen years of age, and John, now seven years old. Mr. Mussleman is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He has a neat, attractive and pleasant home on East Bowman street, Wooster, where the friends of the family frequently gather, finding here a genuine hospitality and good cheer. APPENDIX [The following valuable and interesting matter, concluding Doctor Scovel's historical sketch of the University of Wooster, was received too late for insertion in its proper place, but its character and value forbid its omission from the work.—ED.] XI. RELATIONS OF UNIVERSITY TO CITY AND COUNTY. To close this history sketch, it is worth our while to note, first of all : 1. That the university is indebted to Wooster and Wayne county for an almost ideal site. The environment could scarcely be improved. That the university might have profited by being nearer the centre of the state and that it has experienced disadvantage in the past from the lack of better railroad connections may be acknowledged, but these inconveniences are compensated for by its delightful location. The university has a noble background in Wooster and Wayne counties. Elevated and breezy, with extended views and pleasingly, diversified surroundings, healthful and suggestive to higher thought and feeling, the situation justifies the many eloquent descriptions it has received and the enthusiastic comments always made by visitors from other scenes. This fact allies the city, the county and the university in a steadfast and increasingly successful effort to make here a "city beautiful." 2. But there was another background into which the university was. fortunate in being built—that of character. The mental and spiritual elements could not but be more important than the physical. Such elements, for example, hewed noble Oberlin out of a flat forest and has made "Slab Hall" a centre of historic interest for the world. There was a mingling hereabouts of stems and races—especially of Germans and Scotch-Irish, with a Yankee border to the north and not far away to the south a Southern infusion. These were not extravagant and high-flying people. They were earnest, hardworking and, in the main, a sober people (despite the drinking habits of the day). In the same month, March, 1818, in which Wooster was organized with "president, recorder and five trustees," a committee was appointed to "bring in a bill to prevent horse-racing and shooting ;" and the next month to "bring 2 - APPENDIX. in a bill for the prevention of immoral practices." The notices of the trustees brought to the reader's attention some of Wooster's worthies, but there were many more as fully deserving grateful mention. There were men all along Wooster's history of special acquirements and high character. The people were generous and hospitable. "Our city has not been of mushroom growth," writes Mrs. General Wiley in her admirable contributions to our early history. "Time was taken for foundation. * * * Her corner-stone was laid and cemented to lofty sentiments, patriotism and love of education." Many "celebrities at one time or another made Wooster their home. * * * There has been no time in the history of our city that our professions have not been filled by men of superior talent. General Beall (1815) was a man prominent as a soldier who had filled important offices for the government. * * * After ten years' service in Congress, he was made secretary of the treasury under President Fillmore. The painter Rhinehart was born but a few miles from here. The Fuller sisters, famed as writers, were recognized and praised by Edgar Allan Poe. All their education was obtained in the early schools of Wooster. * * * By 1816 so many educated men, persons of culture and moral worth had taken up their residence in Wooster, that it was considered the Athens of the West. From General Wooster our citizens should not only have. imbibed a love of country but also of learning; he was a scholar as well as a fighter. He was a graduate of Yale and married the daughter of the president of that institution." Benjamin Douglas describes the early population as "men of intelligence, enlightened judgment, iron nerve and indomitable perseverance. Hopeful and hardy, they met hardships and developed high moral stature when encountering misfortune. With sound faith in God, they learned to labor and to wait. Predominantly from Pennsylvania, they had come also from Virginia, Maryland and New Jersey." It was no light thing for Mr. Douglas to write that "from 1808 to 1878 we had passed from the empire of silence and chaos to a population of forty thousand." Such people could not but welcome the university enterprise and do much in its care and support. Agreeable relations have always existed. There could be no "town and gown" feeling here. The nearest approach to it has been found in the marked accent with which a certain few have been accustomed to speak of "Piety hill." The students have been always welcome in the homes of Wooster and there have been many points of contact in social and in religious life—with, in some cases, resulting permanent relations. Doctor Gordon, of Van Wert, bore this testimony in the valedictory of 1882: "We rejoice to say that Wooster shares toward the students none of that antipathy so common in college localities, but APPENDIX - 3 to us has been ever generous and hospitable. It must be considered that the partnership of the university with the city and county began a long time ago in the preparation of a population at once capable and sympathetic." 3. The inbuilding of the university was prepared for by the life of the local schools. It has always been recognized that the population in and about Wooster was of that class which' never .could be contented unless the school followed hard upon the church. Our New England contingent shared the conviction which said (even before Harvard was founded) to a Mr. Beecher of that day : "Take us up a school, Brother Beecher, lest learning be buried in the graves of our forefathers." The German contingent had like views and the Scotch-Irish as well. Subscription schools were begun ‘promptly. The new constitution of Ohio gave a great impulse toward realization of the great principle of the Ordinance of 1787. Later when the 1853 law came it was taken up gladly in all this region. The first school teacher in Wooster (Carlos Mather) was a lawyer from New Haven—coming in 1814. A school was commenced in the "Block-House" by "Priest" Jones in 1815. Then came Cyrus. Spink (later known as General Spink), an excellent teacher, it is said, and fond of teaching his scholars to read well and fond of such a classic as Paul's speech before Agrippa. In the county there was a school so popular as to be called "The People's College." Debating clubs were frequent. Samuel Whitehead, who succeeded General Spink, was a cultured linguist and began at once to prepare boys for college. The citizens built for him a brick schoolhouse. The Rev.. Thomas. Hand came from London, England. His was an advanced school for young women and he left a fine impression for literature and history work. Even then Wooster was recognized as having "gone .beyond most pioneer settlements." Later came the well-remembered Mrs. Pope (1848). In a long career of high-class teaching and especially, in her own school, after 1853, she "left her imprint," writes Mrs. General Wiley, "upon the character of many young women, not only in the community, but many from a .distance who came to be her pupils. Her curriculum was well advanced." It was an early habit for leading citizens to make frequent visits to the schools. This previous preparation made itself manifest in the manner in which the coming of the university stimulated the school-system, culminating in the building of the more than ordinarily handsome high school building which was ,dedicated in the same year in which the university was opened. The writer in the gray morning of a day in August, 1883, on the occasion of a visit to meet the faculty, innocently mistook the high school, at first, for the university building. The two institutions have gone on in the flying years pari passe in a friendly parallel. Many teachers and officers and some superintendents of 4 - APPENDIX. our local corps have been graduates of the university, and every year a contribution of Wooster's best material goes farther up the hill—literally and metaphorically. With a just perception of mutual interests Wooster is sure to continue its development as an educational centre. 4. The university has always enjoyed the kindest and most efficient cooperation of the local press. There are few names better remembered' among us than those who have conducted the various journals, political and literary. One may read the interesting facts of their administrations in Benjamin Douglas' History of Wayne County—who was himself an ornament of our journalism. Some of the community's best talent found in the types various modes of expression. Toward educational interests, secondary and higher, these men were .friendly after a positive and co-operative fashion. The university is under infinite obligation to them. They have served to secure the sentiment. Of solidarity which now reigns. They were always, as they still are, courteous and obliging and considerate. Much of the otherwise unrecorded history of the university's life and growth has been conserved by them through "the art preservative of all arts," and lies enfolded in the strata of the successive volt hies oNheir issues for the future historian. Dedication occasions, inaugurations, obituary testimonials, financial successes they have recorded with "ample space and verge enough," so that to know many things of the interior life of the institution—the things that often contain the motif and the color of the picture, one must have recourse to their hidden treasures. 5. The same general estimate of kindly relationship with the churches of Wooster and Wayne county must be recorded. With the slenderest consideration for denominational lines these churches have given the university the support of their contributions and their patronage. To them may be Mostly attributed the fact that of the five hundred fifty-seven students reported in collegiate and preparatory courses for 1909, while four hundred forty-one were all from Ohio, one hundred seventy of these were from Wayne county. But of course the principal interest in the university from the beginning and continuing as the institution has become a matter of city and county concern, was taken by the First Presbyterian. church of Wooster. It is with peculiar pleasure that the writer, after twenty-seven years of fellowship and having been privileged to know a number of those most essential to the early stages Of the enterprise, can put here again upon record the abiding sense of obligation which is felt by all in the university circle. who know the facts. Without the First Church there never would have been a University of Woos-. ter. They prayed for it, sharing the faith and fervor of Pastor Reed who con- APPENDIX - 5 secrated the campus by anticipation when he prayed under the shade of its great trees that God would put it into the heart of his servant Ephraim Quinby to offer those identical acres as a site for the Christian college. They planned for it largely. They gave liberally. They set the example which aroused the generosity of others and made it apparent that the great undertaking could be and would be realized. Had 'not the .First church moved, the city would never have moved and the "local habitation" for this modern "ark of the covenant" (concerning which. we hope it contains both law and gospel and above which, we believe, invisible but real hangs the "Shechinah" of the God we would glorify) might never have been secured. In all historic events there are many causes and forces uniting from large areas (as a stream is fed by a vast watershed), but there is somewhere a centre about which the forces gather and from which the outburst and efflorescence emerge though they be those of a century-plant. That centre for Ohio was Wooster, for Wooster it was the First church, and for the First church it was Ephraim Quinby, Jr. Ever since the opening and in every crisis of the university's. history, this same band of faithful men and women have stood by—watchful and sympathetic. They have given the university, all in all, much more than any other church in the land in material help, not to mention the time and talent given continuously by pastor and people to aid in the management of affairs. They stood by most gallantly when a goodly portion of reliable supporters were organized into the Westminster church (April 28, 1874). Then they deferred erecting a new building and were content with executing only improvements because the university's needs were so pressing. When the reconstructed house was dedicated the second president of the .university (Doctor Taylor) pronounced the sermon of the occasion and was successful in securing a subscription of four thousand dollars to remove all indebtedness before the ceremony of dedication was completed. With entire propriety did Pastor McCurdy write in 1876 ; "The Westminster church and the university are the legitimate children of this congregation. Not a little of the unwritten history of this congregation enters into the existence of the university. If the mother has reason to be proud of this child much more has the child reason to be proud of its mother." The whole course of these forty years goes to prove that the sheet-anchor of the university's trust may well be considered as found in the fundamental faith and warm interest of Christian people, and that help from without will always come when that interest has proved itself by sharp sacrifice. 6. The 'value of the university to the county was, in one sense, begun when others began to realize the thereto almost unexampled enthusiasm and generosity with which our environment took up the enterprise. The trustees 6 - APPENDIX. report in 1869 that the people of Wayne county "have not only redeemed that offer, but have increased their cash subscription until they have made their donation in money more than the whole sum originally required [$100,000]. * * * Surely it ought to be a strong additional reason for pushing forward the endowment, that the county in which it is located is ready so fully to do its part." Many gifts of that day were made at a personal sacrifice that, we fear; will not be often equalled in our day of larger resources but also of larger expenditures. Some of the larger gifts are not represented by such fortunes among the descendants, so far as I have learned, as could now give equal amounts. For example five thousand dollars from John Longenecker; five thousand dollars from the Messrs. McFadden ; five thousand dollars from Mrs. Mary Myers, of Congress. There is something deeply significant here, for full comprehension of which I have not the time or the material. In that same year (1869), the ripening autumn of the enterprise, the synod of Sandusky expressed its gratitude to the "Great Head of the Church," and its appreciation of the "noble and almost unexampled liberality of the citizens of Wayne county." This became known everywhere then, and deserves to be remembered now, especially in view of a possible reliance upon great gifts of the great fortunes outside of our immediate environment. We must not lose the original and constant lesson that these great uplifts come after long years of steady lifting up with our own tense muscles and aching shoulders. Very soon the city and county began to receive the reward of their generosity. As early as 1878, Doctor Taylor could assure the surrounding population that educated families were being brought here for their childrens' education ; that the annual expenditure of money due to the university's presence was already not less than seventy thousand dollars ; that this expenditure was "a steady stream reaching the humblest tradesman, and making itself, felt in the whole region. Money paid out by the citizens to secure the university has been repaid to them in threefold measure ; and, as the years roll on, this will prove to be an investment of the best character, producing a large and constant interest." In 1883 the same competent authority estimates that "the university scatters fully one hundred thousand dollars annually through the town and county." Who can estimate the value, in many directions, of the coming hither of the Agricultural Experiment Station. If now we miss the possibilities of intensive and scientific farming in this county, it is certainly our own fault. Few remember the unsuccessful effort in 1868 to have a contemplated Agricultural College founded here by the State and connected with the university. It was a foredoomed and happy failure. But when removal of the experi- APPENDIX - 7 ment station from Columbus was found necessary, there is the best reason for believing that the decision of the committee responsible for the location was largely influenced for Wayne county by the presence of the university. It was believed on both sides that helpful relations could be developed between the two institutions. In the construction of the wings in 1891-2, special dispositions were made for organic chemistry with the hope that the university might be useful to a class of students who would be seeking special courses associated with agriculture. There can be no doubt that in the near future both institutions will come 'to their own, in view of the ever-growing importance of the field (and the fields) in which they may accomplish a common work by mutually complementary adjustments. "Back to the soil" is no vain slogan. Humanity, like the giant Antaeus of Greek mythology, cannot be vanquished save as it is separated from the soil. Every interest, economic or moral, demands the development and improvement of moral life, and the university clasps hands with the' Experiment Station for that object. The visible success which is sure to come from the united efforts of the two institutions will eventually appear in greatest perfection in their immediate surroundings. And what an addition to this economical value has reached us in the rapid development of the summer school ! When the six hundred give place to the one thousand there is certainly something doing and to be done in taking care of those who are doing it. This needs no elaboration. Where shall we look for a similar midsummer infusion of vigor into trade of all sorts ? The total contribution of the university, summer and winter, has just been estimated by the best authority at two hundred fifty thousand dollars, annually, with other tributary interests. Moreover, we must beware of limiting the beneficent influence of the university to the material aspect. It aids to make the county and the county seat well known by the most diffusive and penetrating kind of advertisement. That noble son of Ohio, Governor Cox, speaking at the corner-stone laying of 1891, pointedly reminded us of this. Even though it has not banished as fully as one might wish some infelicities in the use of the King's English, the university has been telling upon the schools about. us. Many sons of Wayne have been attracted to the higher education because the magnet was brought so near to them,. Great aid has been given by the successive and evermore artistic and elaborate university buildings to the improvement of Wooster until it is rapidly growing into the "City Beautiful" movement which is a character istic of our day. No feudal castle reigns on a great hill over a desolate group of huts at the hill's foot, but up a gentle acclivity all who will may go to the 8 - APPENDIX. "white city" and its influences go -down the declivity as by gravity. Thus without machinery the university has been drawing the city, in its increasing comfort and regularity and beauty, toward its own standard.. More than this has been the presence of thousands, during these years, of young men and women from the choicest homes of our state and country, Ohio's larger cities are not largely represented, but her smaller cities are, as well as . her towns and villages and rural communities. The effect cannot but have been good for the youth. who have been growing up side by side with those of their own age from Ohio's best homes who possess moreover so great a variety of talent and culture. How few intellectual "hoodlums" have ever been drawn to Wooster and how uncomfortable they soon found themselves to be ! How inconsiderable have been the numbers of the positively immoral! The institution has always been a fortress for `,`law and order" and has known nothing of the German University student's card by which one whom neither wit nor wisdom could keep from overindulgence is entitled to concealment rather than to be reported for discipline either, civil or institutional. Do all the inhabitants of our city and county realize what this means ? If they do they will surely never vote back again the saloons that lessened, by our own acquiescence, the incomparable value of a sober and steady student-body, nor never, indeed, be contented, with any administration permitting lawlessness despite the law. Nor is the presence among us of specialists in various sciences to be forgotten. More and more in the future; as there will be opportunity for "original" work by a number of professors ( for which opportunity some are already impatient), the result of close association with those who know what is to be known of Nature and Man and Society and Government and of God, will be esteemed at their true value. It is, difficult to remember an instance when any evil influence brought hither by a student or a teacher ever left a single trace upon our community, while the intellectual, esthetic, moral and religious values of the university influences as a whole are too patent and too precious to be denied or disesteemed. And all this is just now receiving very special illustration in connection with the recent spirit for improvement and extension Which has sprung up among us. Ours was always a. solid community, but just now it is an awakened community. Educational interests and agricultural are regarded as so well secured, that the population, with more unanimity than has ever been displayed, is hotly pursuing an equal commercial prosperity. Always a city of good homes, it must now become a city of better houses. Always financial sound, it is now ambitious to be prosperous by adding manufactures APPENDIX - 9 to the agriculture. The remarkable thing is the spirit of confidence which is strikingly manifest today, and its evident foundation on the educational and agricultural posi7tion already attained. With this spirit the university's rapid development during the past eleven years has had much to do. The unity of interest and certainty of co-operation. has come to present expression during the month of September in our local press. The Pennsylvania station agent (Charles H. Wolf) writes : "I have found that. a great many first-class people have been drawn to the place solely on account of the institution on the hill, and they are among our very best citizens. They purchase good homes, they live well and add materially to the welfare and prosperity of our city." John M. Criley (banker and Board-of-Trade man and university trustee) writes down the wind the unreasoning assertion that in a college-town factories cannot thrive: "Now if a thing is true a reasonable man can tell why it is true and I would like to have some reasonable man tell what there is in education that makes it the natural and fatal enemy' of industrial enterprise. * * The remarkable industrial development of the United States is due to her exceptional educational opportunities and the superior intelligence of her working men. * * * Cleveland has not found colleges a hindrance, nor has Columbus or Springfield or Chicago or Pittsburg. * * * The idea is absurd. * * * If the college is inimical to the factory is it conceivable that these clear-headed and far-seeing men (captains of industry) would give so bountifully to the upbuilding of institutions that are destined to destroy the very source of their wealth ?" Then our talented fellow-citizen (himself a graduate of the university) testifies that not a manufacturer approached by the Board of Trade with a presentation of our city's attractions ever "remotely hinted at an objection to Wooster as a college-town." "In such a matter," he concludes, "I much prefer the opinions of Successful manufacturers to the cavilling of those who have never manufactured anything more tangible that an excuse." To. all which it may be added that if such an objector will study the continental systems of the technical schools and the peculiarly German 'arrangement called the "Foilbildingschule" he would be additionally convinced of his error: The thing to do is to effect such vigorous co-operation that very speedily all could be added to the university. which would enable it to enter upon the department specially related to various industries and especially the varieties of engineering We may close this paragraph by a somewhat novel but entirely convincing suggestion of President Holden. Speaking of promoting Wooster-interests, 'he asserts that those who planted the university were "Wooster's early boomers" and that they "had increased the value of every inch of Wayne county." 10 - APPENDIX. And this is the novel suggestion : "It is the only institution in this community that has salaried men in the field to boom Wooster by offering education which costs it (the university) one hundred and twenty dollars for seventy-eight dollars and fifty cents, losing forty-one dollars and fifty cents on every student who comes here that our city may be built up and that our citizens who are in trade may benefit thereby." 7. It would probably be of interest if opportunity were offered to trace. the development of the university along the lines of the natural sciences, the mental, moral and social sciences, literature, art, music, greater politics, religion and religious activities, including world-wide missions, side by side. with the progress of the city and county in education, agriculture, manufactures, general business and professional services. There would be found, I think, some subtle correspondences in the .forty years of pilgrimage through which both have passed. It might be of yet greater interest to trace the development of our institution on a background of comparison with the general educational progress of these forty years in our whole country, and, for that matter, in other countries. But neither of these things is at this writing possible. Suffice it to say that among Ohio's many colleges, Wooster has always been above the standard of admission to, and always a factor in the life of the Ohio College Association ; that no denominational college has - developed so rapidly and only Oberlin and Delaware have kept pace with Wooster's more recent progress ; that the surge forward of the State Universities of the West, and the strides of Cornell in New York, and the strong growth of the venerable Lafayette with that of Washington and Jefferson, plus the surprising blossoming of Grove City College, and the long hoped for and at last wonderful outburst of power in the University of Pittsburg (all in Pennsylvania) ; to say nothing of the massive institutions on the Atlantic border and those on the Pacific slope and the apparently unlimited resources of Chicago between—make imperatively manifest the high line of aspiration and endeavor to which every soul in Wooster and Wayne county is primarily called (whatever may be expected ultimately from others) in behalf of the central tower of our present strength and the glory of our past. 8. And now—to bring all to a close—a glance toward the future. I hazard no predictions though I see reason to believe in "streams of tendency." It is evident that Wooster is destined to be a great college and, possibly, a real university. Notwithstanding the multiplication of neighboring colleges, the diffused college-policy of Ohio (as already noted) is constantly APPENDIX - 11 proving its wisdom. No real college has ever been slain by this policy, while college-spirit has been developed in many communities and denominations, Ohio will continue to find her account in the many colleges which have wrought so good a work in the past and no one of. which need be atrophied or decadent. Ohio will bring "the company to the colors." The future is in part secured by the full recognition of the demand of present-day education, and the liberal planning of the present management to meet them. The propaganda literature of this year (Iglu) is full of the most cogent appeals based upon the clearest conception of what is yet to be supplied. Details cannot be given .they change rapidly. Write for them. The progress of the great effort to reach the six-hundred-thousand-dollar mark is encouraging. There remains less than two hundred thousand to be secured. Though the time is short, success is regarded as certain because the whole past now presses the institution forward into future growth with irresistible power. "Unto him that hath, it shall be given." The demands are regarded as possibilities and as certainties under conditions of such enthusiasm and co-operation of immediate environment, of alumni, of synod and body of the Ohio Presbyterian churches, of neighboring churches across denominational lines (as Presbyterians elsewhere cooperate with their neighboring institutions), plus the gifts of our whole denomination in the United States, and the trustful help of large givers to general educational enterprises. These have all been brought together in recent years and they cannot fail to succeed in the future. The general continuity of policy on all greater lines 'points in the same direction. Wooster is a great arrow flying toward one target-center. Its position and intentions admit of no question. It is rather singular that, without a single essential divergence, this direction has been preserved, and the same principles frankly accepted by each successive administration. What the original synods desired the original trustees formulated. and adopted. 'What the trustees set forth the first inaugural fully proclaimed. What the first inaugural announced the second further elaborated—the first president being present with a reassuring benediction. What the second inaugural avowed the third frankly accepted—the second president being present and the same presiding officer of the board of trustees voicing the well-known plans and purposes. What the third inaugural acknowledged the fourth accepted unhesitatingly, both the second and third presidents being present at the transmission of the trust. This hitherto unbroken continuity argues well for the future. An institution so continuously conscious of one reason for being is hard to deflect or defeat. 12 - APPENDIX. There are some disadvantages associated with the youth of a college, but there are also distinct advantages. "Atmosphere"—as it is termed—may be lacking, "traditions" may not be so impressive, facilities may not be .so per-. fect, but per contra, there may be in the junior institution a happy riddance of hindering traditions—unless a sycophantic and servile imitation consents to import and impose them ; there may be a certain efficiency resulting in some cases from the more modern methods ; and the ambitious vigor of youth may tell in its development. Especially may this be true when the foundation principles possess the strength of "eternal laws.'. Things are coming toward religion in the depths, however contrary the surface current may seem now and then. The ideals of the younger college may be .the simpler and also the higher. The initial success, if it has been rapid, may set the pace for a continuance of speed. A high percentage of growth in earlier years is a promise of and a stimulus to a high conception of possibility (and of duty) for the years which must follow. The world's educational enthusiasm is at the boiling point and it is rather a favorable thing to be young when enthusiasm is in question. And when no essential modification is needed but only adaptation, the higher flexibility of youth is advantageous—though of course it has a dangerous side. On the other hand the increasing number and financial and moral strength of the alumni, together with the quick sequence of the fiftieth anniversary presage the power and the occasion for a leap forward within the decade upon which Wooster is now entering. The alumni are perfecting their organization (as before noted) and the semi-centennial will prove (as it has with other colleges) the occasion for united and determined exertion, and that means success. Meanwhile our whole denominational forces are coming into line on the tremendous import of the secularistic drift in education and the resulting demand for the best possible equipment and management of the institutions of higher learning which share Wooster's consecration as expressed in her motto, "Christo et literis." The college board is growing in power and influence. It is kindling a just and intelligent sentiment in behalf of the colleges which may -with propriety be called Presbyterian. No matter how overshadowing may be the growth of the state universities stimulated by the tropical luxuriance of lavish appropriations ; religious sensitiveness perceives in them only the shade of the Upas tree if they banish true religion from their curricula and from their care of the young. In this view I cannot subscribe to the suggestion that the denominational college must always remain the "small college," giving up large territories to the state universities, and chastening their ambitions to the doing of the "regular college courses" alone. APPENDIX - 13 This they cannot conscientiously do. The reason for their "being" is just as good a reason for their "well-being." It is important to have college teaching accompanied by Christian influences. Can it be a matter of indifference that the higher side of the higher education should be imparted without care as to Whether the influence of that controlling section shall ignore or even prove hostile to the spiritual influences which we know are essential to the production and maintenance of that moral and spiritual Character, without which there can be neither personal salvation nor ultimate persistence of .free institutions? A testimonial of 1901, mentions the fact that a competent eastern authority asserted that the "smaller colleges of the West sent to Princeton for post-graduate study abler men than the larger colleges of the East," and also that a professor of Johns Hopkins "had recently declared 'that. Wooster does as good work as any institution in the northern part of the United States." Then this testimonial proceeds : "This was to be expected. The ecclesiastical control and management, the moral and religious atmosphere, the direct contact with instructors in fact the many good influences and the minimum of bad, give the denominational colleges strong advantages for producing the best types of manhood and womanhood: These considerations win the confidence of the friends of education and enlist their support for our Christian colleges." Thus we reach the conclusion of our journey, a much longer one than at first intended. The writer feels, however, that the play will have been worth the candle (and he has burned a good many candles over it—or their equivalents) if it will in. the least degree help to conserve the principles "most surely believed among us ;" or aid in keeping in memory some of the noblest men and women it has ever been his privilege to know; or to kindle in any of the sons and daughters of this benign mother (who may not hitherto have known these facts) a deeper interest her welfare than that which depends too much upon incidental .and almost accidental accessories of college life ; or to vindicate the truth of God's promise that if we "wait upon" Him, we shall "renew our strength and run and not be weary and walk and not be faint." In the firm faith that the University of Wooster will not only grow up to the universum implied in its title, but will carry thither all the profound convictions of its origin, I put aside the pen to await the better hand which will doubtless revise or rewrite this history for the fiftieth anniversary. For the intervening decade and each one beyond I would repeat the devout wish of Whittier's centennial hymn : "And, cast in some diviner mould, Let the new cycle shame the old." S. F. S. 14 - APPENDIX. THE ALUMNI ROUND TABLE. From the Wooster Quarterly, for July, 1910, by the Editor, Prof. J. 0. Notestein, Ph. D. Wooster has celebrated her fortieth commencement. It was one of the surprises of Wooster's beginning that there should be a senior class of six to enter the first year. Hence we may reckon as many commencements as years in Wooster's history. For the first commencement we gathered about a temporary platform built under the oaks a dozen rods northeast of the tall brick pile that was then our single college building.. Very unlike was it in outer surroundings to this commencement centered in and about Memorial Chapel. Yet the essential life of Wooster was in that prophetic first celebration of a just completed college year. A small faculty sat on the rough plank platform, yet they were all scholars of high attainments and ideals, while several of them were teachers of rare power. The six young men who were graduated that day gave orations thoughtful and strong. Five of that six are still strong workers among men, and have amply fulfilled the promise of that first commencement clay. There were no alumni to attend that clay, making the campus quick with greetings and happy memories. As one compares the first with the fortieth and recalls all the intervening story of usefulness and power, one is led to say that Wooster's life has been "like a tree planted by the rivers of water." Our founder-fathers "delighted in the law of the Lord" and their successors have not forsaken their loyalty to it; so doing they kept Wooster in touch with the greatest vital force ; in harmony with a deep universal law whereby truth moves on to universal victory. That law will work through the history of Wooster's next forty years. May the one who pens the Round Table notes for Wooster's eightieth commencement be privileged to record its result in a like gladness of growth and fruit.