WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 325 through the wilderness or the exertion of a two-hour discourse. Whiskey was worth only about twenty cents a gallon, and as it was made from corn, that was still cheaper, it was within the reach of all; but that fact did not lead to drunkenness. But with the springing up of villages, with their "doggeries." a change of sentiment took place, and ere long the habit of whiskey drinking began to be looked upon with disfavor and, so far as home drinking is concerned, has about passed away in all states except some remote mountain regions. Although the pioneer physician did not find it necessary to carry a supply of whiskey along with his medicines, he usually recommended it to his patients, especially advising a free use of it when "winter-fever" was prevalent. for this was the most fatal of all frontier diseases, probably because of a lack of proper treatment, owing to its true nature not being well understood. Births in the early days were in the hands of the older women of the settlements and were rarely attended with unpleasant or dangerous consequences. The following is a list, as complete as is possible to give after so many years have rolled into oblivion, of the physicians who have practiced the healing art within Wayne county. Many are dead, many of them removed to other sections of the country and some are still living here : Dr. Thomas Townsend. the pioneer physician of Wooster, was of Quaker parentage, and a native of Pennsylvania. He removed to Wooster in 1810-11. remained there about thirty years. when he went to Wheeling, West Virginia. where he died. He was a man of marked ability in his profession, and performed a considerable part in the organization of the town and county. He held different positions of official relations and responsibility, prominent among which was an associate judgeship in 1819. Dr. Daniel McPhail was another early-day physician of Wooster, settling at least as early as 1818. He was horn and educated in Scotland ; was a man of unusual acquirements and a splendid chemist. He practiced medicine in Wooster about twelve years. but prejudice rose against him and he was sued for malpractice. Judge Charles Sherman, father of General Sherman, defended him, and Judge Edward Avery conducted the prosecution. In the trial Doctor McPhail vanquished his persecutors and was triumphantly vindicated. Desiring to avoid hostile combinations, he removed to Tennessee and thence to New Orleans. Later he went back to Tennessee, where he acquired a vast practice. and where he died, having achieved a great reputation for skill in his profession. 326 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. Dr. Stephen F. Day was a formidable man in the profession of medicine and wore the baton of a field marshal in the empire of physics. The annals of medical practice may supply a more illustrious name, but it is doubted if as a practitioner in his chosen sphere and field he had many equals or superiors. He entered the list not for the purpose of eliciting applause, starving competitors or of being a subaltern. His was a higher aim—that of acquiring a transcendent skill ; of mastering the abstrusities of the books ; of penetrating the mysterious origins of disease ; of exploring the ingeniously contrived, most complicated and most wonderfully constructed temple of life ; of ennobling the ministry of pain, and exalting and glorifying his profession. His pronounced motto was : "To guard is better than to heal, The shield is nobler than the spear." He despised the vandal horde of mountebanks and quack professors that swoop down upon a community, devastate human habitations, augment the total of human misery, and who, in the solemn flight of death, allow not a single straggler to get home. He ever insisted that infinite mischief was occasioned by this piebald army of dog killers, insect hunters, weed pickers, spider catchers, cockle shell mongers, and brass-faced, unlettered charlatans that too often infest communities and, like the army in Caesar's time, slay in chariots and slay on foot. Doctor Day—a truly remarkable man—was a native of Morris county, New Jersey, born September 4, 1798. When seven years old, he accompanied his father to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where he spent his time on a farm and where he remained until past sixteen years of age. He then, with an iron will, decided to press forth into life's activities for himself. Bidding farewell to home and kindred, he set out on horseback, attired in homespun garments and with twenty-five cents in his pocket. He labored hard at whatever his hands found honorable to perform. As a basis upon which to build his professional life, he commenced the elementary study of medicine with Doctor Leatherman, of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, his course concluding with a diploma from the Medical College of Philadelphia. He immediately entered into the practice of medicine at Florence, Pennsylvania. He was equipped with pill-bag, nauseating jalap, the savage knife and the blades that shine, prepared to make a heal or a lasting scar. In the early spring of 1827 he came to Wooster, Ohio, the arena of a life of patient and exhaustive' toil and the theatre of his subsequent professional career. Here he continued in practice until 1861, when approaching bodily infirmities ad- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 327 monished him to surrender the field and fortress he had so long and valiantly maintained. Doctor Day was united happily in marriage, in 1833, to Eliza E. Straughan, of Salem, Ohio. In March, 1863, he was attacked by paralysis, from the effects of which he never fully recovered, but was confined to his bed until November 25, 1869, when a second attack suddenly caused his death. It is safe to assert that no physician and surgeon of this county enjoyed the monopoly of his profession as did this truly skillful man. His circuit of visitation was not confined to Wayne county, but extended far out into the adjoining counties. By some, in his surgery he was called heartless, but he was not—he knew what had to be done and went straight at the work. Then he lived in an age before the science had made such strides as has been attained in the handling of the knife. He was a man of clear judgment and positive mind, and was extremely cautious of his conclusions at the bed of illness, but when his mind was made up no one could change his opinion. Personally, he was a man of imposing appearance, stood over six feet in stature and erect as a column. He was a great worker at whatever he turned his attention to and this rewarded him with honors and wealth. Many young men of talent took their instructions under Doctor Day, two of the most prominent of these being Dr. Edward Thompson, the renowned Methodist bishop, who died in Wheeling. West Virginia, March 22, 1870, and Dr. Leander Firestone, the eminent surgeon of Wooster. The former was in the office of Doctor Day from 1833 to 1836 and the latter gentleman from 1839 to 1842. So long as the practice of medicine is known and talked of in Wooster and Wayne county, the name of Doctor Day will ever shine as among the bright stars in the science of medicine. Dr. Samuel Norton Bissell. born January 22, 1809, in the village of Vernon, Oneida county, New York, came of good old English ancestry. His father was a celebrated physician from near Hartford, Connecticut. Samuel N., of this notice, was named for his grandfather, with whom hiS earlier years were spent in Connecticut. Under the careful guidance of both his father and paternal grandfather, he succeeded in procuring more than an ordinary education. He was a student and thorough investigator from the very first decade of his existence. Having chosen medicine as his profession, he embarked at once on the sea of life with this in mind. He pushed west, came to Wooster finally, and here entered the office of his uncle, Dr. Hezekiah Bissell, then a successful physician of the little village. He remained with him, studying until he had completed his elementary course and college 328 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. course, when he entered upon the real duties of a well educated doctor. In September, 1832, he married Eliza, daughter of Hon. John Sloane. He followed his chosen profession in Wooster until his death, on June 13, 1848. The circumstances surrounding his death were indeed painful and affecting. His youngest sister, Eunice C., wife of Harvey Howard, then residing in Tiffin, Ohio. was seriously ill. A courier was sent to Doctor Bissell, summoning him immediately to her bedside. With promptness, he obeyed the request. There being no railroad direct to that city, he had to cross the corny, from which exposure he was prostrated with pneumonia, from the effects of which, absent from his own home and in the house of his suffering sister, he suddenly died. Verily, indeed he was a martyr for his friends and the behest of duty. His remains were conveyed to Wooster and deposited in the old Presbyterian burying ground, and later removed to the city cemetery. He left two sons, J. S. and H. H. Bissell. His wife survived him until 1871. His own death fell upon the people of Wayne county, and Wooster especially, like a thunder clap from out a clear summer sky. He was short in stature, but a perfect specimen of manhood. It should be recorded of Doctor Bissell that the mystery and origin of life were not comprised in his motives ; simply the perfection and healthy, symmetrical preservation of that life. It mattered not to Blind Tom who made the musical instrument on which he played; his mission was to elicit its harmonies, correct its discords and make it perform a perfect work. With this interpretation of his duties, Doctor Bissell practiced medicine, and in the varied walks of his profession distinguished himself as one of the most popular and scientific physicians and surgeons in northern Ohio. He was a man of strong attachments and of an amiable and benevolent disposition; of kind heart and strong brain. Politically, he was Whig, and had he taken to it he would have made an excellent political manager. He served in the capacity of associate judge of the common pleas court in 1845. While he was practical and businesslike, those who knew him best testify to his warmth of feeling and noble disposition. Such in brief is the history of the subject of this memoir such his skill and learning. Dr. W. C. Moore was horn in Columbiana county, Ohio, June 1, 1822. His parents removed to Wayne county and settled in Chester township in 1832. He remained with his parents until he was twenty years of age, when, in 1842, he began the study of medicine with Dr. Leander Firestone, then practicing in Congress village, Congress township. There he continued a student of medicine for three years, engaging in school teaching in the winter WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 329 seasons. After finishing his elementary readings and having graduated, he began practice with his preceptor in 1845, continuing there a year, then moved to Rowsburg, where he remained another year, when he returned to Congress village and remained with Doctor Firestone for ten years. Though not a full-fledged politician, he was popular in his party throughout the county, and in 1859 was elected to the Democratic Legislature of Ohio, by that party, serving from December 2, 1860, to January 6, 1862. In 1862 he removed to Wooster, where he practiced afterwards. It was written of him in 1878 that "His mind is bright, analytical, and he arrives at conclusions, not simply as a result of his logical premises, but by his actual comparative knowledge. His social developments are of a high order, and his heart and soul are not hidden under ice, but lie near a warm tropical surface, where they expand into sunshine and burst into flowers. He was somewhat of a poet and the following is the closing verse of a long poem he wrote many years since, the same being suggested by a visit to his mother's grave in a Wooster cemetery : "Thy lips are sealed, thy silent tongue is eloquent no more I plead in vain for tidings from that far, far-gleaming shore ; No mortal eye hath ever scanned that radiant realm so fair— No mortal ear hath ever heard that hallowed harping there; Faith's eye alone hath scaled the mount on whose bright top appears Heaven's citadel, high li fted up above this vale of tears. Amid life's wreck a childlike faith, in inspiration given, Will light the tomb and open wide the jewelled gates of Heaven." Dr. Leander Firestone, who long adorned the medical fraternity of Wayne county, was possessed of rare genius. In a world where all men cannot be inventors and discoverers, it is pleasing to note the virtues and strength of the few who do thus appear from time to time. In medicine there are but few men v% ho combine all the traits indispensable to a true physician. Doctor Firestone not only vindicated his claim to an exalted rank in surgery, but in every department of the occult mysteries of medicine he wielded a strong pen, talked with the freedom of the gushing brook, and presided over the studies of others with eminent success, and to the fame thus achieved with scalpel he added the luster of instructor. The Doctor was born in Saltcreek township, Wayne county, Ohio, in 1819. After he attained his fourteenth year his time was spent at routine farm labor in the summer months, while in winter he attended the common country school. He then went to Columbiana county, near Salem, where he worked and attended country schools again. We next trace him to Portage 330 - WAYNE COUNTY, ,OHIO. county, Ohio, where he chopped cord word for three shillings per cord and hard beech wood at that. We next find him located two miles north of New Pittsburg, Wayne county, with his uncle, John Firestone, with whom he remained until eighteen years old. He finally became a country school teacher, teaching his first term in Perry township, Ashland county, Ohio, receiving twelve dollars a month for his services and boarded himself. In August, 1838, Leander Firestone was married to Susan Firestone, and the next year—when he was twenty years old—he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. S. F. Day, with whom he remained three years, during which time he took a course of lectures at the Medical College of Philadelphia. In March, 1841, he located in practice at the village of Congress, this county, where he at once met with success. After thirteen years of practice at that hamlet, he graduated from the Western Reserve College, located at Cleveland. During these eventful years he had won a fame and far-reaching reputation as a skillful physician. The college from which he had recently graduated was in need of someone to occupy a chair, and in its survey for a suitable man to fill it, the abilities of Doctor Firestone were duly recognized, and in 1847 he was made demonstrator of anatomy in that institution. This position he held until 1853, after which honorable distinction was awaiting him. He was appointed superintendent of the North Ohio Lunatic Asylum, at Newburg, which position he filled until August 6, 1856, when he removed to Wooster, in which city he ever afterwards practiced. In 1858 he was elected president of the State Medical Society and in 1864 was made professor of obstetrics and the diseases of women in Charity Hospital College, at Cleveland, and held the same for many years. In 1870 this institution was constituted the medical department of the Wooster University, and he still held the same position as at Cleveland. June 24, 1874, he was made Doctor of Laws by the University of Ohio, at Athens. As a public lecturer the Doctor was eloquent and always popular, no matter what his theme. His descriptive powers were fine and interesting. He was an advanced thinker and a highly practical worker in the medical ranks. He held the position of superintendent of the Columbus (Ohio) Insane Asylum a number of years. Dr. W. W. Firestone, son of the celebrated Dr. Leander Firestone and his intelligent wife, adds another to the list of good medical practitioners of Wayne county. He was born in Congress, Wayne county, February 25, 1842. His parents, both highly educated, had their son also well schooled, he having the advantages of the Wooster city schools and select and graduated teachers, under whose tutelage he completed his desired course of study. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 331 For three years he attended Mount Union College, and in 1861 began reading medicine with his father. A term of four years was spent in study, in professional assistance to his father, and in attendance on lectures, at the expiration of which period he graduated from Charity Hospital College, Cleveland, Ohio, now the medical department of the University of Wooster. In 1865 he devoted himself entirely to his profession, and soon found himself a partner in the office of Leander Firestone, M. D. He made rapid strides in his calling. Constant and ever watchful and of good judgment, he could scarcely be expected to fail at any point and he never did. Dr. James D. Robison was born April 23, 1820, at the corner of Buckeye and North streets, Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio. His early years were spent with his father, Thomas Robison, Esq., during which time he spent much of his time attending the village schools, procuring such education as the limited opportunities of that day afforded. At the age of seventeen years he hired as a clerk to Robison & McCune, where he remained until he was twenty, at which time, and in accordance with an intention previously resolved upon, he commenced the study of medicine. He entered the office of Dr. Samuel Norton Bissell, in February, 1840, continuing with him until 1841, when, during the fall, he proceeded to Philadelphia, availing himself of a course of lectures at the Jefferson Medical College of that city, soon thereafter taking advantage of the clinical course of instruction at the Brooklyn Hospital. The summer of 1842 he spent in Cincinnati, in pursuit of his professional work in the office of Dr. William Wood, simultaneously attending lectures at the Medical College of Ohio and a clinical course at the Commercial Hospital of Cincinnati. In the autumn of 1842 he returned to Philadelphia, where he graduated and received his diploma in March, 1843. He then returned to Wooster, remained during the summer months, the following fall removing to Queen City, locating there and actively engaging in the practice of his chosen profession. Here he met with signal success, and continued until.. July 3, 1846, and until the breaking out of the war with Mexico. He was made surgeon of the Third Regiment Ohio Volunteers, leaving Cincinnati the same day for Old Mexico. Arriving at New Orleans on the 9th of July, he spent a few days in that city and proceeded to Brazos de Santiago, arriving August 6th at Camp Curtis, opposite the old city of Matamoras. December 9th he was assigned to the Third Illinois Regiment as surgeon and was ordered by Gen. Zac Taylor to Victoria and later joined Gen. Winfield Scott's command at Tampico, and in March they were sent to Vera Cruz, where seventeen days afterwards the Mexican forces surrendered, the United States taking 332 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO possession of the city. On April J0, 1847, on account of illness, Doctor Robison resigned his commission and returning to Wooster, Ohio, and in October of that year formed a partnership with J. P. Coulter, M. D., for the practice of medicine, which relation continued to the fall of 1853. The next year he spent in and about the New York hospitals and medical institutions, keeping abreast with the progress and discoveries of the profession. He again returned to Wooster in the autumn of 1854, opened an office and engaging in the practice until 1861, when the Civil war broke out. He immediately tendered his services to his government, which were promptly accepted, he being assigned to the Sixteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he was identified throughout the three-months service. He was engaged in the battle of Phillippi, one of the first engagements of that long-drawn-out war. He it was who had the honor of amputating the first leg during the war, that of a Confederate soldier. He was promoted to the rank of brigade surgeon in July, 1861, and assigned to the command of General Rosecrans. Later he organized hospitals along the Kenawha and assumed charge of the one situated at Gallipolis. After being with Generals Shields and Banks and with McClellan, and being inspecting surgeon, which position he retained until the battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, he was ordered to Washington to take charge of the Patent Office Hospital, where he remained until he was compelled to resign on account of his wife's illness. On his return home, he was appointed surgeon of the board of enrollment for this district, which place he held during the remainder of the Rebellion. From the very outset, in 1840, his was a well fought battle. Hence it will he seen by the foregoing that he acted well his part in two great wars. Had he ventured on the political field it is almost certain that he would have been elected to a seat in Congress. Dr. A. M. McMillen was a native of Jefferson county, Ohio, born at Steubenville, in 1816, the son of a millwright and farmer, with whom he remained during all of his earlier years. After educating himself, he taught school for eight years. He then read medicine in Canal Fulton with Doctor Howard, and graduated at the old Medical College of Cleveland. 'He began practice at West Lebanon in 1849, continuing there until his death, which occurred May 4, 1874. He was married in the spring of 1849 to Rebecca Neeper, of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and as a result became the father of eight children. He was a devout member of the Presbyterian church at Mount Eaton. Dr. D. H. McMillen, a nephew of Dr. A. M. McMillen, was born in Stark county, Ohio, October 13, 1848. He read medicine with his uncle and WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 333 graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medical Surgery in June, 1874. He began practice with his uncle in July, 1874, and was for years a well known physician and surgeon of West Lebanon. Dr. William B. Blachley was born in New Jersey, from which state he removed to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where he remained twenty years, when he emigrated to Plain township, Wayne county, in 1816. He was twice married, and was the father of nineteen children. He practiced medicine in Blachleyville nineteen years, when he removed to Valparaiso, Indiana, where he died at the age of seventy-four years. He was a graduate of Princeton College (now University) and a member of the Baptist church. The village of Blachleyville is named in honor of him. His son, William, also a doctor, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, November 27, 1799, and came to Plain township, this county, with his father, with whom he read medicine and commenced to practice. His eldest daughter married Doctor Hunt, of Shreve, Ohio, and the youngest became the wife of Capt. Benjamin, son of Constant Lake, of Wooster. Dr. D. L. Moncrief was a grandson of a Scotchman and the son of the Moncrief who settled at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, from where he removed to Canonsburg, Washington county. There the subject of this notice was born September 23, 1823, and resided on a farm until fifteen years of age. He attended Jefferson College, and at the age of twenty-two years commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Israel Moore, of Canonsburg, with whom he remained three years as a student, and then removed to western Ohio. In 1853 he concluded his medical course at Cincinnati. From Mercer county,. Ohio, he came to Wayne county, settling at Orrville in March, 1857, at once entering upon a successful practice and residing there many years. He was postmaster at Orrville in 1861, appointed by President Lincoln, and served eight years. In church relations he was a devout member of the United Presbyterian church. He carved out his own earthly destiny, acquired competence and wealth, and by his manly methods won the deserved confidence and respect of all worthy citizens of Wayne county. Dr. J. H. Stoll was born in Chippewa township, Wayne county, Ohio, May 2, 1849, his father being Christian Stoll, a wealthy and progressive farmer. He remained at home until he was sixteen years of age, when he attended the Smithville Academy, and from thence to Savannah, Ashland county, Ohio, where he remained two years. At the age of twenty he began reading medicine with L. Firestone, M. D., LL. D., of Wooster. After taking thorough courses in the best medical colleges in the land, he graduated in 1871, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession at Marshall- 334 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. ville, this county, where he continued for eighteen months, when he went to London, England, and there received lectures at Kings College, but on account of sickness was compelled to return home, when he located at Orrville. He was made surgeon of the C. Mt. & C. railroad company and also of the Ninth Ohio National Guards, all previous to 1878. Dr. W. B. Hyatt was born March 29, 1829. He studied medicine and practiced at Marshallville. He was in the Union army two and a half years, was wounded by a rebel shell and received other bodily injuries which produced atrophy of the muscles and anchylosis of the left shoulder joint. Dr. W. T. Barnes was born November 1o, 1843, and worked on the farm until seventeen years of age, when he entered the Union army, enlisting as a private in the Fifty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After his return from the army he attended school at Lexington, Ohio, and in 1866 began the study of medicine with John Russell, M. D., of Mt. Vernon, graduating from Charity Hospital College, Cleveland, in the spring of 1869, and the next year began the practice of medicine in Fredericksburg, where he was a successful doctor and surgeon many years. Dr. James Martin was born October 20, 1824, at the old Martin homestead, on Martin creek, Wayne county, and descended from an old and highly respectable Ohio family. He remained at home until twenty-two years of age. attending the• public schools about three months each winter after he was of school-going age. Later he attended a select school at Fredericksburg for a number of years, after which he began teaching school. He read medicine with Dr. T. B. Abbott, of Massillon, Ohio, and during the time availed himself of a course of medical lectures then being given by William Bowen, of Akron, Ohio, subsequently graduating at the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia. He commenced his practice in East Rochester, Columbiana county, in August, 1850, remained three years, then removed to Fredericksburg in 1854. He married, in 1851, Elizabeth Craig, by whom seven children were born. The Doctor was a thorough gentleman and had a large country practice for many years. Dr. William S. Battles, who for a long period was pronounced one of Wayne county's eminent and highly successful physicians, was born at White Hall Station, then a suburb of Philadelphia, May 12, 1827. On his paternal side he was half Scotch, his father being a descendant of an old Pittsfield family, of Berkshire county, Massachusetts. On the maternal side. old English blood coursed through his veins. His mother's maiden name was Susan Snowden, a native of Philadelphia, all of whose ancestors were Quakers for WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 335 more than two hundred years. Thomas S., father of Doctor Battles, removed from Philadelphia to Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, remained there less than three years and then went farther west, locating in September, 1833, a mile and a half north of the present village of Shreve, Wayne county, Ohio. His father was a farmer and young Battles was used to and liked the work usually practiced upon a farm. At the age of nineteen a change came over the spirit of his dreams. He then abandoned the farm and entered Haysville (Ashland county) Academy, where he put forth every effort in gaining useful knowledge from books and teachers. He taught his first school when he was twenty years old. In August, 1847, he entered the office of Dr. T. H. Baker, of Millbrook, with whom he remained a period of four years, teaching during the meantime, with the exception of six months, both summer and winter. He attended his first course of lectures at Starling Medical College during the winter of 1850-51 and then began to practice medicine with his preceptor, completing his course at Columbus, graduating February 22, 1852. On his return home he resumed practice with Doctor Baker, continuing with him until the winter of 1853, which he spent in Cleveland, Philadelphia and New York, in attendance upon the hospitals of those cities, at the termination of which time he once more renewed his professional labors with his old preceptor. In the spring of 1855 he went to Edinburg, in East Union township, where he stayed seven months, during which time he became a member of the American Medical Association. He was married, in November, 1855, to Mahala Keister, of Millbrook, daughter of J. A. Keister, Esq. In December of that year he proceeded to the village of Shreve, where he practiced until the spring of 1865, when, owing to lung trouble, with which he had suffered for a number of years, he abandoned medical practice and indulged in travel for one year. In 1866 he was one of the four men who organized the Ashland Citizens Bank, and he resided there a year. But becoming dissatisfied with commercial life, he sold his banking interest and, his health having been restored, he returned to Shreve, recommencing his practice there and ever after continued in the same. The Doctor was solely devoted to his chosen profession and loved it with the fondness seldom seen in physicians of today. While a student, he joined the Wayne County Medical Society, in 1851, and was also a member of the Ohio State Medical Society. He represented his home society at Chicago in 1863 and at St. Louis in 1873. He was vice-president of the Northern Ohio Medical Association. He was devoted to the. church of his choice, the Methodist Episcopal ; loved poetry and good literature, wrote both prose and poetry ; contributed to the University of Wooster; 336 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. aided the Shreve public schools, and, like Tennyson, always looked forward to the Golden Year. One of his gems of poetry of song has this for its first verse : "We love thee, Lord, we've long professed, But do we love our brother ? We love ourselves we fear too much, Oh, help us love each other." Dr. Charles J. Warner was born in Wayne township, Wayne county, Ohio, January 1, 1836, a son of Peter Warner, a farmer and a native of Sunbury, Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, and the son lived at home until eighteen years of age. The farm life, we are quite ready to believe, harmonized with the developing manhood of Doctor Warner, and enabled him to be:- come a splendid type of robust manhood. After availing himself of the common schools, he followed teaching school after nineteen years of age, first teaching in the Rumbaugh district, for which he was paid eighteen dollars a month and boarded himself. He attended school in the summer months and taught school in the winter time. He kept this up for five years in succession. During this time he became a proficient English scholar and acquired a valuable knowledge of the Latin language. From an early age, young Warner had conceived the idea of becoming a physician and, in furtherance of this purpose, in March, 1857, he entered the office of Dr. W. C. Moore, then practicing in the village of Congress, with whom he remained four years, three as a student and one in partnership with him. He then went to Homerville. Medina county, Ohio, where he spent two years, during the time attended a course of study at the Cleveland Medical College, from which he graduated in 1862. In the spring of the last named year he returned to Congress and there set up a medical practice which he held for many years. He married, September 15, 1859, Mary E. Pancoast, of Congress village. In stature it was written of him in the late seventies that he was "solid, Stands six feet high, weighs two hundred and seventeen pounds, is built of substantial material, has a bright, intellectual face, is a man of pleasing manner and affable disposition, of fair complexion, firm and erect in carriage. He is a self-made, self-taught man. He was of a wide range and was forceful as an educator and writer on educational topics. He delivered more than a score of excellent lectures and public addresses on schools and education in Wayne county, alone." Dr. Justin Georget, a native of France, born June 23, 1830, in Mountusaine, and with his father, in 1840, emigrated to America, removing to Can- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 337 ton, Ohio, where he died. He entered the United States army, remaining one year at Governor's Island, when he was transferred to West Point Military Academy and remained there four years. He read medicine with J. P. Bairick, of Massillon, Ohio, graduated and, after a series of removals, came to Congress village, Wayne county, and thence on to West Salem, in the winter of 1866 and there practiced medicine in a most successful manner. Dr. J. S. Cole was a native of Allegheny City (now Greater Pittsburg), Pennsylvania, where he was born February 19, 1836, and attended Vermillion Institute at Haysville, Ashland county, Ohio. He afterward read medicine with Doctor Glass, and graduated from Cleveland Medical College. He began practice in Reedsburg, Ashland county, Ohio, and moved to \Vest Salem in 1873. He married Ruth A. Smith, daughter of James B. Smith, of Ashland. Dr. L. G. Harley was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1811. His father was a farmer who moved to Ohio in 1830. In 1833 the son commenced reading medicine with Doctor Haddock; attended the course in Philadelphia, and graduated there in the spring of 1837. He then located in Dalton, where he soon built up a large and paying medical practice. In the autumn of 1839 he was married to Mary M. Fluke, of Dalton. His daughter, Virginia, became a member of the medical fraternity, graduating in the medical department of the University of Michigan. For a short time she practiced in Wooster with her father ; she later married and moved to New York city. Doctor Harley continued at Dalton thirty-one years and was the well-known physician in many a score of homes in that section of Wayne county. He removed to Wooster in 1868 and here continued his practice. Dr. T. M. Taggart, son of Samuel Taggart, was born in Baughman township, Wayne county, Ohio, September 22, 1822. He began the study of medicine with Doctor Bowen, of Massillon, afterwards graduating at the Cleveland Medical College. In 1848 he began the practice of medicine at Dalton. He was married in 1849 to Henrietta Slusser, of York county, Pennsylvania, by whom he had seven children. One was Dr. Hiram D. Taggart, of Akron, Ohio. The father died May 23, 1867, having been a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal church for seventeen years before his decease. Dr. Moses Shaffer was the son of Jacob Shaffer and Matilda, his wife, who lived for many years in Chippewa township, Wayne county, Ohio. The Doctor was born July 15, 1806, and when about the age of eighteen years commenced the study of medicine, and at twenty-one was admitted to prac- (22) 338 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. tice as a physician by a board of which Dr. James S. Irvine, of Millersburg, Ohio, was a member. Mt. Eaton, Wayne county, Ohio, was the first location of Doctor Shaffer's practice, and he was a successful physician. He removed to Wooster from there, and established a practice, continuing until he was twenty-seven years of age, when he was married to Margaret McClure, of a family of high standing at Wooster, and had a family of three sons and three daughters. The eldest daughter, Adelaide, was married to Hon. L. R. Critchfield, Sr., and Lyman R. Critchfield, Jr., now a resident lawyer of Wooster, is one of their sons. The family of the Doctor was one of high standing in Wooster, and he became one of the leading physicians of Wayne county. He was of medium size, compact of muscle and nerve, powerfully active, and was known as a man without fear. He was unusually reticent, sober, and attended to business ; courteous, but an unconqueable antagonist in a controversy. He was a hunter, and cultivated fine-bred dogs and horses, and many an anecdote of his nerve in controlling his blooded colts is related. Doctor Shaffer established his home and his offices on South Market street, in Wooster, and practiced his profession there for over fifty years. He died when eighty-three years of age. He 'was skillful in diagnosing diseases and prescribing remedies. He never failed to attend a call ; and his courageous temper defied storms, high waters, cold or any form of danger. He was modest in his uniform success, and was never known to boast of his skill or remarkable cures. His remedies were simple, and he deprived himself of many occasions for practice by generous advice as to homely methods. His fee was always reasonable, moderate, and he never would connect himself with medical societies or scale of prices. He was very conscientious in resorting to surgery, or what is known as "heroic treatment." He was a genuine man, a nobleman, without fear or reproach, and his long life of benevolence, self-sacrifice and professional honesty endeared him to the people. The mention of his name in most parts of Wayne county, where he was known, is greeted with expressions of esteem and eulogies upon his character. Dr. Hiram M. Shaffer was a son of Dr. Moses Shaffer, and under the tuition and example of his father and with the breeding of the Shaffers and the McClures, he became, after his services as a soldier in the Civil war, in a very brief time, one of the most noted surgeons and physicians in Wayne county. His death from pneumonia, in August, 1889, at the age of fifty-two years, induced by exposure in treating a patient, was very Widely regretted. 339 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. He had a wonderful genius for his profession. He followed it with ardor and gave frequent and careful attention to his patients, and deservedly had the reputation of almost infallible diagnosis and the cure of dangerous diseases. To detect disease, accurately and quickly, seemed an intuition ; and his knowledge of modern practice was large. In surgery his nerves were like iron and he was fearless in the most delicate operations. He was brave, generous, a fast friend, powerful as a lion, and was esteemed by everyone that knew him. It is a sad commentary on human life that an early death is the obituary of genius. PRESENT-DAY PHYSICIANS. The following is the list of physicians now engaged in the practice of the profession in Wayne county, the record giving the name, college from which graduated, year of graduation, and present location. Bashford, T. A., Ohio Medical University, 1897, Wooster. Braden, D. H., Cleveland Homeopathic College, 1895, Wooster. Beer, J. D., Starling Medical College, 1889, Wooster. Elder. T. A., Rush Medical College, 1868, Wooster. Graven, T. A., Jefferson Medical College, 1900, Wooster. Hart, H. A., University of City of New York, 1867, Wooster. Johnson, Kate M., University of Michigan, 1900, Wooster. Knestrick, A. C., Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, 1887, Wooster. Kinney. J. J., University of Wooster Medical Department, 1889, Wooster. Lerch. C. A., Cincinnati College of Medicine, 1877, Wooster. Lehr, J. W., University of Wooster, Medical Department, 1883, Wooster. Mowery, M. E., University of Wooster, Medical Department, 1896, Wooster. Mateer, H. N., University of Pennsylvania, 1883, Wooster. Ryall. G. W., Medical College of Cincinnati, 1888, Wooster. Stoll, J. H., Jefferson Medical College, 1871, Wooster. Stoll, Harry J., Rush Medical College, 1900, Wooster. Todd, J. H., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1865, Wooster. Welch, W. A., Western Reserve, 1884, Wooster. Warren, R. N., Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, 1868, Wooster. Yates, G. A., Omaha Medical College. 1889, Wooster. Yocum, L. A., Marion Sims Medical College, 1895, Wooster. 340 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. Blankenhorn, H., Western Reserve University, 1890, Orrville. Brooks, A. H., Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, 1882, Orrville. Campbell, A. B., University of Michigan, 1871, Orrville. Irvin, Geo., Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, 1903, Orrville. Shie, D. P., Kentucky School of Medicine, 1892, Orrville. Grady, 0. G., Starling Medical College, 1909, Orrville. Haney, J. C., Ohio Medical University, 1895, Dalton. Roebuck, D. Y., University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, 1867, Dalton. Jamison, J. R., Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia, 1894, Apple Creek. King, J. K., Wooster University, Medical Department, 1874, Apple Creek. Winkler, W. H., Wooster University, Medical Department, 1872, Apple Creek. Bertolette, H. B., University of Philadelphia, 1892, Shreve.. Funk, E. N., Starling Medical College, —, Shreve. Paul, R. C., Wooster University Medical Department, 1892, Shreve. Rhodes, O. A., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1882, Rittman. Sheldon, J. E., Ohio Medical University, 1902, Marshallville. Pfouts, T. M., Ohio Medical University, 1898, Marshallville. Long, L. F., Wooster University, Medical Department, 1893, Fredericksburg. Essick, a C., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1893, Congress, W. Salem R. D. Hanna, Chas. M., Kentucky School of Medicine, 1897, Canaan Center, Creston R. D. Weaver, Thos. A., Toledo Medical College, 1898, Blachleyville, Wooster R. D. Baird, Robert J., Western Reserve, 1896, Creston. Irvin, J. W., Jefferson Medical College, 1886, Creston. Allen, V. I., Eclectic Medical Institute, 1907, Creston. Schollenberger, H. A., National Normal University, 1892, Smithville. Yoder, Anna Blattenberg, Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1906, Smithville. Yoder, H. M., Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1906. Smithville. McKinney, E. H., Ohio Medical University, 1905. Doylestown. Spencer, E. R., University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, 1870, Doylestown. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 341 Fergeson, J. W., Wooster University, Medical Department, 1876, West Salem. Raudebaugh, E. C., Starling Medical College, 1896, West Salem. Smith, G. C., Western Medical College, London, Canada, 1907, West Salem. Brinkerhoff, J. H., Wooster University Medical Department, 1873, Burbank. Boor, H. C., Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1899, Burbank. Dawson, N. B., Cincinnati Medical College, 1878, Sterling. Toland, L. L., Cleveland College. of Physicians and Surgeons, 1899, Sterling. May, R. J., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cleveland, 1906, Lattasburg, West Salem R. D. Mowery, A. F., Wooster University Medical Department, 1886, Reeds-- burg, Wooster R. D. Clark. C. N., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cleveland, 1904, Mt. Eaton. Snively, J. H., Cincinnati Medical College, 1891, West Lebanon. Snively, Geo., Cincinnati Medical College, Tw0, West Lebanon, Justus R. D. CHAPTER XVIII. RAILROADS, CANALS AND TURNPIKES OF WAYNE COUNTY. At a session of the Ohio Legislature, in 1824, an act was passed on February 2d of that year providing for the incorporation of a company for the purpose of constructing a turnpike road from Wooster to Cleveland, Ohio. In the April numbers of the Wooster Spectator notice was given that "books will be opened at the house of Gaius Boughton, in Cleveland ; at the house of John Hickcox, in Medina ; at the house of John Hemperly, in Wooster, for the purpose of receiving subscriptions of stock" for the same. Rufus Ferris was president of the board of commissioners and John Freese was secretary. In a short time thereafter the "pike" was completed. Hon. Benjamin Jones was one of the directors. This turnpike served the people along its route very well, and carried out the notion that had been uppermost in the minds of the people regarding some better manner of transporting the commodities of their farms to the larger market centers of the state. A toll fee was charged, yet, the teamster being able to draw so much greater loads and in so much less time, the fee seemed but trivial. THE OHIO CANAL. As the state settled up and civilization advanced in its methods, the people clamored for still further internal improvements, and as the age of canals in the United States was then dawning, the subject of their construction agitated the minds of the more progressive portion of the settlements in the Buckeye state, as well as in Indiana and Illinois. In 1825 was commenced the construction of a canal from Cleveland to Portsmouth, on the Ohio river, a distance of three hundred and seven miles. It was completed in 1832, at a cost of five hundred thousand dollars. July 4, 1825, the sere, mony of breaking the first ground on the National road, west of the Ohio, was celebrated. On the same day ground was broken at Licking Summit for the construction of the Ohio canal. The immortal De Witt Clinton, of New WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 343 York, whose colossal mind projected the great Erie canal, threw out the first shovelful of earth on this occasion. Surveys were made by Gen. Alfred Kelly and M. T. Williams, the canal commissioners, through Wayne county as early as 1823, from the head of the Killbuck and on south through the county to Millersburg. A sale of lots was offered in May, 1824, in Millersburg, which read : "The situation is high, pleasant and healthy, on the navigable water and on the Killbuck line of the Ohio canal." It is said the route through Wayne county was defeated by a single vote. It is certain, however, that the Ohio canal furnished the farmers the old Fulton and Massillon markets,—gave them cash for their produce,—and the date of its completion defines the transition period of the early history of Wayne county. THE RAILROAD ERA. The first railroad agitation of much importance in Wayne county was with reference to the Cleveland & Columbus line in 1845. A meeting was held October 16, 1845, in pursuance to a call published by John P. Jeffries, Esq., and others, to take into consideration prompt action regarding securing this most vital link of rail communication between the East and West. This railroad mass-meeting was presided over by Hon. Cyrus Spink, E. Quinby, Jr., acting as secretary. It was resolved and determined upon this occasion to convene a county meeting November 1st of the same year. This call was responded to with promptness and general public interest, and measures were set on foot to raise sufficient funds for the execution of a complete survey of the proposed road. The survey was made, but excitement and interest arose in regard to a proposed road from Pittsburg to Chicago, Illinois, and which finally culminated in the building of the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne & Chicago railroad. Hon. John Larwill, Dr. S. F. Day, John McSweeney, Esq., David Robison, Sr., J. P. Jeffries, Jesse R. Straughan, E. Quinby, Jr., Eugene Pardee, Esq., and several others whose names are now forgotten, having long since died, immediately went to work, making speeches, canvassing town and county, and making every conceivable endeavor to procure subscriptions. Everybody went to work, unitedly, shoulder to shoulder, and the enterprise was pressed forward, until the great project was grandly and successfully consummated. 344 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. The two Wooster newspapers rivaled each other in setting forth the best of arguments possible to put in type for the people to read. The columns of these papers—the Republican and Democrat—contained page upon page of articles concerning the proposed highway from Pittsburg to the lake at Chicago. From a letter written by J. P. Jeffries, Esq., of Wooster, we quote the following : "That the stock will be profitable, there is not the possibility of a doubt —that it will net the stockholders over ten per cent per annum is in our opinion just as certain. * * * "Nearly every man in this county is able to take one share, and this he should do, particularly the owner of real estate, because he will be benefited just in proportion to his business, be it great or small. Should every man in this county, who subscribes a share of fifty dollars, lose it entirely, he will still be the gainer, from the fact that the value of his land, his labor, and the price of his produce will greatly enhance ; and the business of the merchant and mechanic will increase in proportion to that of the farmer, and thus the benefit of the road will be repaid." This road was the capital and emphatic enterprise of Wayne county. The solution and consummation of it is witnessed in the majestic line of steel rail that threads the country from Pittsburg to Chicago, now popularly styled the "Pennsylvania System." Let it be forever remembered that to Hon. John Larwill must be the honor of procuring this road's charter, as against wonderful opposition made at Pittsburg and Cleveland, as well as Steubenville and the roads centering in Indianapolis. The charter having finally been obtained, it became necessary for some one to follow up the work of soliciting subscriptions, completing the organization, and conducting the affairs to a successful issue. Except what was done at Salem, in Columbiana county, no general convention was had in behalf of the road until June, 1848, when a meeting was convened at Canton, and directors were elected, consisting of Messrs. Robinson and Bakewell, of Pittsburg ; Pinney, of Beaver ; Street, of Salem ; Wellman, of Massillon ; J. Larwill, of Wooster, and C. T. Sherman, of Mansfield. At this stage the possibility of making the ascent from the Ohio river up to the table lands of Columbiana county was doubted by the friends and stoutly denied by the enemies of the route. Nothing was done but to order surveys and explorations in that region, and to provide means to pay the expenses of the surveys. The first chain ever stretched over the line of the present Pittsburgh, WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 345 Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad was at Bowls Point, at the mouth of the Big Beaver, July 4, 1848, by Jesse R. Straughan, engineer, in pursuance of the orders of this board. By the next winter, lines had been run by all possible routes from the mouth of Big Beaver river, and that of the Little Beaver, and from the mouth of the Yellow creek, and from all this extended and exhaustive data the selection of the route was submitted to the decision of Col. W. Roberts, chief engineer, of Philadelphia, who was endorsed and recommended by the officers of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad Company, as possessing the confidence of themselves and the eastern capitalists. As the friends of the other routes considered that only one road westward from Pittsburg could ever be expected, their efforts were proportionately vigorous and unceasing. The condition of affairs and the opinions held by men of wisdom ( ?) at that day may best be inferred by quoting from a railroad pamphlet directed to the Board of Trade of Pittsburg, dated October, 1848, and signed, among many others, by him whom we now know as Lincoln's able secretary of war, Hon. Edward M. Stanton. It reads as follows : "Obstructions of Snow.—This is a consideration which you can not overlook. The point fixed in their charter, which they must reach before they assume their westward course, is North Georgetown, in Columbiana county. This point is but a few miles south of the south boundary of the Western Reserve. And no one who has paid the least attention to the subject will estimate the average duration of snow, one year with another, at a depth of from six inches to two feet, at less than thirty days longer in each year than you have at Pittsburg, or we at Steubenville. It traverses the state on very nearly the same parallel of latitude. It was with an air of triumph that Colonel Roberts exclaimed, 'and to Mansfield, one hundred and fifty-eight miles. without the obstruction of the 'Ohio !' But may we not add, one hundred and fifty-eight miles,. through frequent snowdrifts? What traveler on the route in the wintertime would not exclaim, with us, 'What folly!' " But upon this line the road was finally constructed. And as a basis upon which to establish a credit to warrant the beginning of the work, five thousand dollars a mile was to be subscribed in each of the counties in Ohio, and six hundred thousand dollars in Pittsburg and Allegheny City. This from Wayne county was allotted to Mr. Larwill, who was assisted by James Jacobs, Dr. S. F. Day, Samuel Knepper, John K. McBride, Smith 346 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. Orr, John P. Jeffries and J. R. Straughan. The whole of the winter of 1848-49 was occupied in making speeches and rousing the people to a sense of their duty, for the gross sum of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars looked as large as a half million dollars would to people today. Logic, entreaty and all else were employed to raise this sum of money in pledges, but with final success. Great as was the labor and consumption of time required in Ohio to secure this subscription, it was accomplished before that in Pittsburg and Allegheny City had begun. They were waiting for a better time in money matters, and listening to the snow-drift arguments of enemies. And certainly there were danger and doubt as to the subscription which could not be' cancelled from the masses. Friends wore anxious faces, enemies and croakers again came forth exultant, with their opposition. The board was called again to meet at Pittsburg, April 23, 1849, which was attended by the Ohio members with the avowed determination to have these cities come up to their subscription at once or they would return home and give up all further effort. To some of the Pittsburg people this seemed rash, but the circumstances demanded it, while the result vindicated the wisdom of wit. But this, like all vast projects, had to be overcome by the greater minds and more strenuous labor. The Pittsburg directors argued the inauspicious times, the collapse of their city scrip, the dull trade from down the rivers, and many of the prominent citizens were induced to confirm their arguments, they finally refusing their co-operation in an effort so useless, in their own judgment. Many narrow escapes did this company encounter. Men like General Moorehead, Joshua Hanna and the like, who were not friendly to Colonel Robinson, president of the company, becoming acquainted, through Mr. Larwill, with the views of the Ohio members and the opposition of Robinson and his friends warmly seconded Ohio and offered to assist in canvassing the city for stock, thus securing a large addition to the friends of the road. At an informal meeting in the parlors of Mr. Hanna, with Moorehead to represent Pittsburg, and only John Larwill and Jesse R. Straughan from Ohio, this plan was devised. To get the city council of Pittsburg to vote two hundred thousand dollars, provided Allegheny City would subscribe a like amount. Then to get the latter city to subscribe two hundred thousand dollars, provided the citizens of the place would subscribe two hundred thousand dollars. WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 347 To the first of these arose the united opposition of Steubenville and the Pittsburg and Cleveland lines, both before the Board of Trade and the two chambers of the council ; but the efforts of Mr. Larwill and his newly-found allies—Moorehead and others—not only surprised but defeated their well-drilled forces ; the subscription carried. It also carried in Allegheny City. The most doubtful part was yet to come,—that coming from individuals. The Ohio delegation had returned home, leaving only Mr. Larwill and Mr. Straughan to remain in fulfillment of the promise—or threat—not to return home until Pittsburg had made up its subscription. This was conducted as it had been in Ohio. The citizens of Pittsburg called a meeting of the Board of Trade, to hear the reports of a number of men from Ohio as to the progress of the undertaking. Among those present was the distinguished senator from Missouri, Col. Thomas H. Benton, who delivered, as the Pittsburg Chronicle said, "a beautiful address." Mr. Larwill from Wayne county took the lead and spoke in part as follows : "They had already gotten subscriptions and stock sufficient taken to justify them in going immediately to work. They of Ohio did not wish Pennsylvania to subscribe their money for the purpose of building the road in Ohio—all they asked was to build the road Which passed through their own state, and that being done, Ohio was ready to complete the whole of her share. Unless this was done, Ohio would be under the necessity of seeking some other outlet for her products and investments for her capital. In Wayne county alone they had gotten an individual subscription of over one hundred thousand dollars, and with these facts they were anxious to return home and tell their stockholders and subscribers that Pittsburg was ready. In Ohio the people were perfectly convinced, not only of the feasibility of this route, but also of its superior advantages over all other roads of conveyance, as well as its profitableness as an investment of capital. It was for Pittsburg to look to her own interests now. Ohio must move on, in one way or another, and if Pittsburg did not meet them, they would in all probability join with the Baltimore & Ohio line." Committees now began to canvass every ward in both cities and worked with a right good will for several days, reporting at headquarters every evening. The two hundred thousand dollars was reached, but the canvassing was 'continued until two hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars was obtained. This news was telegraphed to all points in Ohio, and general joy prevailed. It was the birthday of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago railway. 348 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. In both city and country the meed of praise was awarded Mr. Larwill. Colonel Sloane, Samuel Hemphill, Thomas Robinson, Doctor Day, James Jacobs, David Robinson, Judge Orr and many others energetically identified with the undertaking have long since gone the way of all the earth, but their united efforts in behalf of this great railway building enterprise through Wayne county and Ohio will not soon be forgotten by the men who live and move in the busy marts of trade and commerce, as well as the' tens of thousands of farmers whom it has benefited. The arrival of the first passenger train at Wooster, Tuesday afternoon, August 10, 1852, was an event not soon to pass from the minds of those who witnessed the scene. Wooster was all aglow and bestirred itself. A national salute was fired at sunrise. Four o'clock in the afternoon was the hour set for the arrival of the train. At two P. M. the surging multitude began to pour in and gather at the depot, and by three o'clock it was estimated that from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand persons were lined up along the grounds and track. At three o'clock a dispatch was received from Massillon assuring us that two trains were coming with six hundred passengers, five hundred of whom were invited guests from Pittsburg and Allegheny City. At ten minutes past four o'clock the train arrived. The scene. was magnificent; the people shouted, cannons boomed thunderingly, whirlwinds of gladness swept over acres of clapping hands, and on faces young and aged—it was the pentecost of gayety. The fire companies never looked or 'behaved better ; the martial music was inspiring and heroic, and the guests were happy, both by choice and compulsion. Processions were formed under direction of Col. R. K. Porter and J. H. Kauke, marshals of the day, and proceeded to the grove northeast of the depot, where a table had been spread by H. Howard, Esq., of the American House. The festal arrangements exhibited taste to perfection. The guests being seated, Judge Dean called for order, when they were welcomed by him, in an appropriate speech. General Robinson, president of the road, delivered an address, when they all sat down to a sumptuous dinner. The guests being entertained and supplied, the cloth was removed, and S. Hemphill, Esq., read a series of toasts, to which response was made. The fourth toast read as follows : "Hon. John Larwill, resident director of the Ohio & Pennsylvania railroad. The celebration today, and the repeated election to his present post, as director, are the best tributes that can be offered to his merits as an officer and a man." Mr. Larwill returned his thanks for the flattering expression of appro- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 349 bation by his fellow-townsmen and the gentlemen present. The opening of the road was to him a most gratifying event in his life. He had known Wooster from the day the first stick of timber was cut to that very hour. That had been to him a proud day and he was most happy to enjoy it and to meet his friends which he numbered by the one word—legion. At night the fire companies made a splendid parade, the engines drawn by evenly-matched horses, with flowers, plumes and floating banners. During that evening there was a gorgeous display of fireworks. George W. Kauffman sent up a balloon. The firemen of Pittsburg were the invited guests of the Wooster companies at an elegant repast, served in their honor at the United States Hall. The fact that Wooster had won and secured a railroad had been accomplished. OTHER RAILROADS OF WAYNE COUNTY. By 1878 the county had secured the following railroads : The Columbus, Mt. Vernon & Cleveland line ; the Atlantic & Great Western line and the Tuscarawas Valley line. In 1909 the names ( as now known) of the various railways that cross some part of Wayne county are as follows : The Pennsylvania (old Pittsburg & Ft. Wayne route), the Wheeling & Lake Erie route; the Baltimore & Ohio line; the Cleveland, Akron & Columbus line, and the one running from Ashland southeast, through the southeastern township of Wayne county. The interurban line, known as the Cleveland & Southwestern line, an electric railway running direct from Wooster to Cleveland, through Creston, in Canaan township, was built in 1901-02. With these various roads and systems of great transportation companies, the populace have but little to complain of in way of being able to get to and from almost any desired point. Passenger and freight rates are indeed reasonable. Train service is most excellent and the people have much to thank the founders of these various railways for. Still the croakers are not all dead yet! NAVIGATING THE KILLBUCK AND SALT CREEK. The subjoined was a reminiscence furnished by Nathan W. Smith, of Wooster, for Douglas' History of Wayne County (1878) : "In 1812 Philip Smith despatched a boat load of goods up these streams from the Ohio river, with his sons, George and Philip, and James McIntire