500 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. Barrett. The board of trustees, present at the dedication of Memorial chapel, passed the most appreciative resolutions, gratefully mentioning all classes of those who bad helped the great consummation. The exercises of dedication on December 11, 1902, though much was still unfinished, were accompanied with genuine enthusiasm. President Moffatt incited our zeal by the assertion that "Presbyterian institutions have allowed themselves to be crowded hack until today they occupy not the first but the fourth place in denominational schools. Presbyterians have not sustained what the fathers founded a century ago." Dr. S. S. Palmer, president of the board, in presenting the keys to the moderator of synod, reminded him of the increased responsibility which would devolve upon the synod in the maintenance of the larger university, as it accepted these buildings. That moderator (Dr. R. J. Thompson, of Lima, Ohio) emphasized the union of synod and university, and declared : "There is no stronger friend of education than the Presbyterian church," and the "Presbyterians of Ohio have finally realized what they have in the University of Wooster." The city was gay with decorations and full descriptions of the various buildings were published. The "white city on the bill" has attracted many descriptive pens, but none more intelligently appreciative than that of the Interior's editor—the well-known Christian layman, Nolan R. Best—in a sketch recently published in that widely-read journal : "Although people of a philosophic turn of mind are always ready to warn one against attributing perfection to anything mundane, it is impossible to suppress the instinct to call the Wooster college buildings perfect. What could be thought of that they want. The architecture is an example beyond criticism of that style which the world of art has agreed to set aside for the use of higher learning—the .English collegiate Gothic—expressed as purely in each unit as it is harmoniously in the group. The buildings have been planned with such foresight of the particular uses for which each is designed that no convenience is missed, no necessity left unprovided for. Heating, lighting, ventilating and water-supply are taken care of in the latest methods known to practical science and all are supplied from the university's own powerhouse, which alone would win the university the admiration of any observer who appreciates the mechanical beauties of high-class machinery. But to patrons and students far more important is the generous modern equipment of the buildings. * * * Nothing is extravagant or pretentious, but there is absolutely no stint of apparatus. Everything that a teacher of undergraduates can need is there. * * * To prepare young men for engineering there is a full working outfit of dynamos, motors, engines and electrical apparatus for the student's experi- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 501 mentation. So in the biological building, the young man preparing for medicine will find there the best microscopes and a vast variety of slides for advanced work in anatomy and physiology. The library, facilities are also of the most liberal. * * * In every way Wooster has put itself beyond the necessity of apologies for what it affords the young men and women under its care." But it must not be supposed that the new administration found it all plain sailing after the buildings were completed. Then, indeed, came the struggle to meet inevitable deficits which always follow such extensions. President Porter many years ago begged the alumni of Yale to remember that whoever gave a new building and did not provide for the care and expense it entailed laid a new burden upon the management. It was not an easy thing to convince even the newly aroused generosity of Wooster's friends that a much greater endowment was needed to meet the budget entailed by the multiform facilities and the increasing faculty. It had to be explained that even a larger enrollment of students meant a larger expenditure, instead of creating a fund for other expenses. More books in the library and more apparatus in the laboratories and more privileges of all sorts for the student-use of all the advantages offered meant more income, or larger deficits. The situation became accented when the president reported in February of 1903 that the deficits of two years would amount to nearly forty thousand dollars, all of which ought to be in hand,. if possible by the following June. Since the dedication in December, r902, only five thousand three hundred dollars had been raised to meet this sum and five thousand dollars of that had come from one ever-generous friend of the university. In May a special board meeting was held and more aggressive efforts and appeals resolved upon. In June an improved situation, but twenty thousand dollars still to be raised and that in short order to secure two conditional pledges of five thousand dollars each. Special appeal Was to be made to the synod in view of the. "quickened spirit of the Presbyterian church in behalf of her schools of higher learning which found, expression in the last general assembly." It was to be urged that the time had come "for binding this university more closely to the hearts and purse of the Presbyterians of Ohio." since "the university is the synod's educational creation, subject to its ownership and control and entitled to its abiding interest and its generous benefactions." The elaborate scheme resolved upon seems to have largely succeeded, and while there is some subsequent borrowing the effort was seriously considered early in 1904 to raise the endowment to one million dollars. President Holden thought it could be done, but would require many workers in the field and several years of labor. 502 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. During these current years and on there were the constant evidences of the highest success in the internal life of the university. Without important exception, the annual reports show increased enrollment, departments better manned, excellent steadiness in the student-body, an encouraging general religious life and constant annual quotas of those who were constrained by love of the Master to undertake his service at home and abroad. Library facilities were increased. Here and there a salary was raised, always within the sacred limit of one thousand five hundred dollars however, and the generous custom of the Sabbatic year was begun with the senior Prof. J. O. Notestein. In 1906 the often-mentioned additional accommodations for the young women of the university was taken up in earnest. The cost was to be fifty thousand dollars, but the investigating tours, in which Doctor Holden visited the leading women's colleges of the country, changed the estimates. In the end the palatial building cost one hundred and ten thousand dollars, something more than half of which was the contribution of Louis H. Severance, who insisted that it should be called Holden Hall. Thus another angle was reached and passed on the toilful acclivity of the university's upward movement. But the pressure for more endowment came now to be considered as imperative. The budget of 1906-7 had been put down as eighty-one thousand four hundred and ninety-six dollars. That of 1907-8 was to be seventy-eight thousand six hundred thirty-six dollars and seventy-two dollars plus the first installment of the paving assessment. Deficits up to June, 1907, amounted to eighteen thousand one hundred and sixty-eight dollars and forty-seven cents. Courageously this burden was shouldered by the indomitable president, aided and d abetted by faithful and laborious field-agents and stimulated by the good wishes of the growing multitude of Wooster's friends. The general education board, administering Mr. Rockefeller's bounty, thought it worth while to help an institution which had more than doubled its assets in five or six years—they had reached nearly one million and a quarter—and initiated the effort to raise five hundred thousand dollars by April I, 1908, by a subscription of one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars conditioned upon the whole amount by the date just mentioned and the extinguishment of all debt. Louis H. Severance added a like sum with similar conditions and Andrew Carnegie followed with fifty thousand dollars. Here then was an open. way to the half million of fresh endowment if the two hundred eighteen thousand one hundred and sixty-eight dollars and forty-seven cents could be brought together. And this must necessarily be a harder task than the four hundred and twenty thousand dollars of the rebuilding fund. There were no such commanding and WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 503 heart-reaching circumstances. It was no longer life and death, but only life and a larger life. Besides, everybody had given over and over again and many quite recently, and the close of 1907 was wintry in the financial skies. But there could be no postponement and no relaxation of conditions. Since, then, it must be done, ways and means were found to do it. Again there was division of labor and responses from many quarters. Such an opportunity could not be lost. With much painstaking the triumph of the first trial was repeated and the completion of the subscription announced. Then another jubilee and a red-letter day was added to the Wooster calendar—March 31, 1908. Throughout these recent efforts constant reference has been had to the "forward movement" of the synod of Ohio, responding to the enthusiastic call of the general assembly uttered in 1903. The objective point of that stirring summons was twelve million dollars to be raised by the entire denomination "for the purpose of endowment of our Presbyterian colleges in the several states." Of this movement the board's report to- synod in 1909 says : "Ohio's quota of that amount is one million two hundred thousand dollars. As goes Ohio so goes the country. The synod determined to do its full share —ten dollars per member. Thus far the effort has been a magnificent success. * * * It is with the deepest appreciation and gratitude that we acknowledge the earnest effort and large generosity of the entire Presbyterian church, and the friends of Christian education, to the extent of six hundred seventy-seven thousand five hundred and seven dollars and nineteen cents toward the million dollars of the new endowment, leaving but three hundred twenty-two thousand four hundred and two dollars and eighty-one cents to complete what you began in the synod of 1903." The forward sweep of the university's financial progress becomes brilliantly visible in the following luminous statement : The total assets of the University of Wooster May 31, 1899, were $452,551.87. Of this amount, $181,737.42 was credited to endowment. At the time of the fire December II, 1901, the total assets were reduced by the loss of the main building and its wings $184,174.00. The university received $60,000 insurance on its loss. Crediting this amount, the total assets would stand December 12, 1901, the day after the fire, as $328,377.87. This may rightfully be said to be the financial foundation on which the present administration had to build, although in this amount the first half of the Library and the new Chapel are included. At the close of business March 31, 1910, we had $755,368.52 in general 504 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. and special endowment ; also outstanding pledges and annuities, which when paid will be credited for endowment, amounting to $229,911. II. If all these prove to be good we might say that we have $985;279.63 in line for the endowment. We have in addition to this our present plant ; land, building and equipment, which amount on our books to $871,970.20, or total assets of $1,857,249.83. But, as Doctor Gause (first secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Aid for Colleges) was accustomed to say : "Nothing is so hungry as a college." When current income and current expenditure had been, for the first time in the university history, equalized, the need of further development in various directions was perceived to be imperative. The largest of all the plans was projected and an effort has been commenced to provide for a largely increased endowment and for at least two buildings—a dormitory for men and a much desired gymnasium with a possible chapel-extension, according to original plans, to make yet more attractive and effective the work of the Christian Associations of men and women. John R. Mott reports a friend ready to give two thousand dollars to commence this enterprise. No less an amount than six hundred thousand dollars is considered adequate to meet these needs. Of that sum the first three hundred thousand dollars has been subscribed—one-half by the general education board and the other by a friend of the university whose personality is as yet kept in reserve. The active canvass now in progress has secured up to this present writing (September 1st) three hundred and ninety-six thousand dollars—leaving two hundred and four thousand dollars to be sought for. The conditions are completion by the closing day of the current year (1910) and the extinguishment of all indebtedness. There will doubtless be another jubilee and another red-letter day in Wooster's calendar. Along with other enlargements, the university's campus has grown to dimensions which provide for the certain and undoubtedly rapid development of the future. From the original twenty acres the campus has now extended to a total area of sixty-three acres. Part of this is a recent addition separated by only a street's breadth from the main block—a most timely addendum as pre-empting what would have proven inaccessible within a very few years. The constant increase of students during the present administration has kept pace with other phases of progress. During 1907-'08 the total enrollment without the summer-school students was seven hundred and thirty-three ; with them, one thousand six hundred and twenty-one. For 1908-'09, the total reached eight hundred and twelve without the summer-school roll ; with it, WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 505 there were one thousand eight hundred and one. The largest freshman class in the university's experience—one hundred and sixty—came in the year just closed. This growth has been accompanied by a gradual increase of the faculty until it now numbers, counting instructors and adjunct-professors, thirty-eight. The new department of history, long desired, opens with the college year just before us ( 1910-11). An important change in the charter has been under consideration for more than a year. It contemplates the relinquishment by the synod of Ohio of the right to elect the trustees of the university, thus surrendering all control of the institution. The moving consideration for this change is the desire to acquire for the institution the benefits of the pension-fund of the Carnegie foundation. The matter was presented by the hoard of trustees to the synod at its meeting in October, 1909. A postponement until the meeting of 1910 was agreed upon. Meanwhile a careful study of the subject was to be made by a committee which will report at the approaching meeting. The remarkable success of Wooster's president for the decade past has drawn :upon him the atention of those who constitute the Board of Aid for Colleges in the denomination as a whole. Three or more times they have sought his services as secretary. 'The last attempt was but a few months ago, and the following resolution was unanimously passed by the board of trustees "The flattering offer * * * only accentuates the esteem and affection in which the board of trustees holds President Holden. It is the sense of this board that the services of President Holden for the present and for years to come are indispensable to the progress and development of the university of Wooster and that it would therefore be a calamity to the institution at this time to subtract froth it his forceful personality. In saying this we have all the while in mind President Holden's good, together with the prosperity and destiny of the university which must be forever associated with his name, and which will remain .a monument to his unselfish devotion and labor, for it is seldom gi ven to one man to accomplish so much in eleven short years as the noble work he has accomplished during his administration. "We are not unmindful that his services as associate-secretary would open great avenues for usefulness. Nevertheless the work to be done by Doctor Holden here must necessarily bring him in close and affectionate relations with young men and women which are in the highest sense personal and that personal relations and affectionate regard are the highest earthly rewards. “The hoard therefore respectfully asks President Holden to remain with 506 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. the University of Wooster and prays God that lie may be permitted to give many years to the work to which he seems to have been divinely called.** At the recent commencement the constant expressions of undisguised satisfaction on the part of all concerned for the welfare of the university—faculty, alumni, patrons, students and citizens—furnished ample evidence that the affectionate respect and devout wishes of the board of trustees awakened loyal echoes in all hearts. VI.-THE FACULTY. Now that the governing principles of the University have been discovered and described and the chronicle of events has been brought down to date, there remain many aspects of this multiform life which are best understood and estimated when treated separately. They vary, of course, in relative importance, but no one of them can be fairly omitted. And precisely for that reason each must be dealt with as briefly as may be at all consistent with the purposes of this historical sketch. Faculty changes have been many, naturally, and it is impossible, though the material is at hand, to give even the names, dates, antecedents and characteristics of so large a number. The inner history of the teaching body has been, what it might have been expected to be for a body of men gathered to practice such definite principles for so noble an end, one of great harmony. Personal animosities have been unknown. Differences in religious convictions have led to but one resignation. Changes for inadequacy have been very few. Those who have gone to other fields of usefulness have entered upon them with warm commendations from the body they left. Many names are starred thus in the records, of which mention can be made only of two, Dr. Edgar W. Work, of New York, and Prof. Dr. James Wallace, of Macalester College. Some have been added to the faculty in later years who have received the warmest and most appreciative welcome, but none have seemed more worthy or competent than Wooster's own product, such as Notestein, who is the glory of our teaching force,. and that ideal dean—Compton. Lecturers who gave their services gratuitously were Judge Welker (United States court), the Rev. Dr. Jeffers (while professor at Western Theological Seminary) and Prof. John De Witt (while at Lane Seminary). The first faculty has been frequently described and the pen of the present writer would be ready enough in linger ing over their gifts and graces, since it has been his privilege to have personally known them all in one or another relation of life. But space forbids except to mention the exceptional ability as teacher and author of Dr. C. S. Gregory, whose forcefulness and analytic talent can never be forgotten and whose bow WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 507 yet abides in strength as a brave defender of that faith in God's word, "once delivered to the saints." There must also be recorded the appreciative testimonial of the board of trustees as Dr. Willis Lord sundered his connection with that body : "We can never forget that he came to us at a critical period in our history,—when, in fact, our history was yet to be made. We were not insensible then, nor have we become so, to the risks attendant upon the assumption of the position to which we ventured to summon him. That the University has passed these perils so successfully we feel is largely due to the wisdom, skill and fidelity of its first president.. We would have been thankful if the students, so strongly and rightly attached to him, could have further ,enjoyed his counsels, sympathy and instruction. * * * Associated as his name must ever be with the infancy of the University, we know that Dr. Lord will always be interested in its prosperity." For those who have "fallen upon sleep" while still members of the faculty there must be reserved an assured place in the grateful memories of their successors. In every case they were held in highest esteem by the people of the city and county as well as by the University community. They had obtained this testimony, that they pleased most those who knew them best. The first of those whose "hands were laid to the plow, but, behold ! it was a palm," Was Miss Annie B. Irish, Ph. D. She possessed rare gifts and had enjoyed some unusual advantages. The board of trustees entered this record : "The death of Miss Annie B. Irish has touched our hearts with profound sorrow as a personal bereavement. By her lovely and symmetrical Christian character, her remarkably able management of her department and her faithful and efficient work as a Christian among the students, she had won our warmest admiration and love. Counting by years, her life was short ; counting by work done and results achieved, it was longer than that of many who have attained to threescore and ten years." Miss Irish died February 12, 1886. Her portrait was presented to Hoover Cottage, June 6. 1889, and memorials of her winning character and elevating influence were read by ladies representing the Woman's Advisory Board. The whole community shared in the grief of the University circle when Karl Merz, Mus. D., the founder of our musical department, was taken from us. His death occurred in January, 1890. The following testimonial was published soon after : "A man of remarkable abilities and diversified gifts. developed by unremitting application, he mastered and enriched the science and art of music in its composition and literature, and gained a more than national reputation. 508 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. "As exemplary and great-hearted as he was industrious and efficient, he had by eight years of unceasing kindness won an exceptional place in the confidence and warmest affections of the whole community. "He was attached to his associates in the faculty, invariably found on the side of just authority and thoroughly loyal to the ideal of the institution. "A fervent and intelligent religious faith both underlaid and crowned his life. It is hoped that the department he adorned and toiled for may ever bear testimony in its future development to the gifts and character and faith of its founder." The close of the same year (December 22, 189o) witnessed the removal of Dr. James Black, D.D., LL.D., from the Work to 'which a long and fruitful life had been devoted. The records of the board of trustees show how profoundly the fifteen years of his professorship (Greek and English) had wrought themselves into the University's life. The board emphasizes its estimate of "his superior intellectual capabilities, his high literary qualifications for the position he occupied and his unexcelled genius as a teacher. * * * Above all they would bear testimony to the unfaltering strength of his religious convictions, and the power of his spiritual life as displayed in the class-room * * * and in all social contact with his fellow men. The pervading presence of his gentle piety was like the sweet scent of a field the Lord hath blessed. He was loyal to duty in every thought, faithful in every service, exemplary in word and act, overflowing with loving kindness to every man and every creature. His Christian consistency was never questioned while the influence of his noble character impressed every soul that drew within the magic circle of his consecration." When this minute was read on the following Commencement Day "the whole audience reverently rose and remained standing in expression of their concurrence in the sentiments of the resolution." Dr. O. N. Stoddard, LL.D., was a member of the first faculty and already well known as a professor of natural science when Wooster's doors were opened. He became emeritus in 1883, though continuing lectures to the senior class, and died February 10, 1892. The board of trustees recorded that he "was a striking exemplification of the saying : 'To be is to teach.' He taught by 'what .he was as well as by spoken or written word. * * * He was a Christian man of science. To him the heavens and earth and all things therein declared the glory of God. * * * He had a high and chivalrous sense of honor—a Christian gentleman without fear and without reproach. * * * Hundreds of men and women in this and other lands hold him in grateful remembrance as a man and as a teacher and will perpetuate his influence in ever widening circles." WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 509 Another testimonial describes him thus : "A 'wise man and length of days were in wisdom's hand for him. A student of nature's mysteries and rewarded by her sympathy. An artificer in all substances to express all forces. A careful student of mind finding its impress and majesty everywhere superior to matter. A master in morals, public and private, teaching the noblest type of citizenship and illustrating it in a life devoted to a large and intelligent patriotism." Doctor Stoddard possessed mechanical genius and some apparatus made with his own hands is still in use in our laboratories. Nearly a decade passed before Prof. S. J. Kirkwood, Ph. D., LL. D. (mathematics and astronomy), passed away. He, too, had been a member of the original faculty and one of those 'who brought an already established reputation to the service of the institution. With one exception (Notestein), his life as a professor projects the longest line of active service. Coming in 1870, he gave up his work only with his life on June 24, 1901. The observatory is the 'monument of his extra-professorial industry. He delivered most of the lectures and solicited much of the funds which 'made such an equipment so early in the University's history possible. An admiring friend has provided ten thousand dollars as a partial endowment for a professorship of astronomy which shall perpetuate Doctor Kirkwood's name and memory in connection with that in which the Professor's preferences were pronounced and on which he had made great progress in preparing a text-book. Doctor Kirkwood's interests in students was such as to commend their entire confidence and attract their affectionate regard. He loved to teach the importance of character,— that sum of the moral attributes in which Kant found the value of human personality outweighing all the stars. He counseled everything which would satisfy the preferences of the student-body and be at the same time consistent with a conscientious regard to the sacred trust as to their welfare reposed in the University's governing body. He refused other positions of honor and profit to abide with the interests he had done so much to build up. The memory of his personal Christian influence will long be cherished by Wooster's alumni and alumnae, along with their sense of indebtedness for the mental vigor and positive knowledge his clear and skillful instruction in the mazes of mathematics brought them. Director Byron J. Oliver had taken charge of the department of music, in 1893, when his highly esteemed and most competent predecessor, D. F. Conrad (one of Karl Merz's pupils), had gone abroad for a second term of foreign study. Mr. Oliver soon proved himself thoroughly furnished for every good work in piano, organ and theory, as well as in the capacity of con- 510 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. ductor. In a continuous service of nearly twelve years (interrupted only by one year of organ-specializing in Berlin) he grew into a place of confidence and personal influence only second to that of the founder of the department, while probably excelling the latter in matters of teaching—technique. He died, after brief illness, January 29, 1905. Director Oliver began his life's work as a teacher under the admirable school-policy of Canada, his native land. Not until he had reached maturity. did he give himself to music and therein he profited above many who made an earlier consecration. He was a thorough teacher, an inspiring conductor, and an excellent manager. Very early in his youth he had professed his faith in Christ and made it evident always that Christian principle sustained every purpose he formed. He knew the best in sacred as well as in secular music and conducted every church-service with profound reverence and true feeling. He carried forward the 'work of the department in the spirit in which it was commenced. The memorial window in the chapel but faintly expresses the abiding esteem and affection of which lie is still the object in our entire community. The last of our co-laborers to fall beside his work was Prof. William H. Wilson (mathematics and astronomy). Wooster was his Alma Mater (class of '89) and never had she a more loyal son or one more thoroughly appreciative of her original ideals. He became at once a teacher in his chosen line of study and proved his competence from the beginning. Advanced to a professorship in that excellent institution, Geneva College, and supplementing his natural gifts by graduate study, and privileged to take part in observation of an eclipse, lie demonstrated originality in research as well as efficiency in teaching. By nature he was accurate. It was part of his remarkably symmetrical and steadfast character. If ever a fine life was indicated by a faultless youth, it was true in Professor Wilson's case. The boy was father to the man. The young man was the index of the maturity which had just been reached, in its fullest sense, when he was called away from earth. It was a great gratification to him to be selected to succeed his former instructor ; and he brought all his ingenuity and exact methods, as well as all his strong personal power as a manly Christian, to the service of the institution he loved. His life throughout was transparently sincere, and probably no member of the entire faculty ever obtained at as early a period of professional experience so wide and deep an influence among the students. He became specially effective in sustaining high ideals in athletics. While insisting upon ball-playing of a high grade he mightily convinced the players that the obligation to be Christian gentlemen in fair-play and courtesy was to be held as first and funda- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 511 mental in every arena. He died in June, 1907, and the wound in our hearts is still unhealed despite the comfort we have in a successor (Professor Gable) of like competence and character. Concerning the contemporary faculty, it must be recorded that they represent in more than thirty personalities many of the best educational centres of our own land and, by graduate study, of other lands. So many members have been connected with the university so long that unity of life and opinion and a continuity in development has been aided. Some of those longest here remain most effective in service. Others are bringing new contributions through experience of life in the later developed condition of the larger universities at home and abroad. In 1901 seven additions were made. The latest are Dr. Oscar F. Wisner (Wooster '81), formerly president of the Christian College in Canton, China, who has taken the chair of missions. Mr. Delbert G. Lean, who enters with great acceptance upon his work in the department of 'oratory; Robert Granville Caldwell (Wooster '04), who comes to the department of history after experience in India and in Huron College and Professor Meyer, who comes from Bethany College, West Virginia, to be assistant in Greek, Latin and German. Leave of absence had occasionally been granted for considerable periods of foreign study before 1906. But then the administration felt strong enough to provide the appropriation for a substitute, which permitted a professor to use his salary for a year in furthering his preparation for subsequent work. The custom is an expensive one, but marks a great step in advance by giving established men the coveted opportunity for wider observation and research. It began appropriately with the senior Professor—Notestein. The present writer followed in 1907-8. Dean Compton succeeded, then the privilege fell to Professor Bennett (chemistry) and just now Prof. John G. Black (mathematics and geology) is enjoying it. During all these years many assistants in various departments have been employed and this has proven to be an exceedingly helpful method of providing men trained for competence as professors in other institutions and for temporary assistance in the absence of members of our own faculty. The secretary of the faculty is designated from time to time and he is usually chosen from among the more recent additions to that body. This office was formerly accompanied by responsibility for the work of the registrar. But increasing members and the necessity for ascertaining the propriety of receiving certificates from schools of all grades, together with the demand for accuracy in the record of each student's work (and this accented by the fire-loss of previous records) have resulted in a. registrar (Lester H. 512 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. Wolfe) whose whole time is given to these varied uses. No office could have proved a greater convenience at many points in the university's life and no officer could have more speedily brought the entire force, educational and administrative, into obligation for his intelligent and ready aid. Professor Notestein bore the burden of most of these duties for many years and as usual "nec tetigit quid non ornavit." He devised the scheme used before the fire. Then came Professor Behoteguy's tenure of the office, but his careful work was reduced to ashes. Now thoroughly organized in a series of standing committees, with a system of careful observation of what transpires in our secondary schools and in our greater universities, and re-enforced by the observations of some member whose sabbatic year may be spent in educational centres of the old world, we may consider Wooster's enlarged and enlarging faculty as worthy the confidence of its constituency. VII.-THE TRUSTEES. It was the good fortune of the present writer in coming to Wooster (1883) to know some members of the original board of trustees. And in the study of the institution's life I have been additionally impressed with their supreme earnestness, their strong faith, their vision and their prevision. Many of them continued to bear the heat and burden of the day for many years after the doors were successfully opened in 1870. The first loans were made by the trustees themselves, in order to meet exigencies. They held many meetings and canvassed many plans. Two of them I had known during my boyhood in Indiana—the Rev. L. I. Drake and Dr. W. W. Colmery. They were all self-sacrificing and ingenious in devising methods to meet the demands of each year. Of the whole number but one survives—David Robison, Jr.. of Toledo. He represented the synod of Columbus from 1866 to 1877 and the synod of Toledo, from 1877 to. 1883. Long a resident of Wooster, he is still interested in the city and its welfare. The board was largely composed of ministers, as befitted the existing circumstances. It is now made up largely of laymen from the ranks of business and professional lift:. It is impossible, though it could not fail to be interesting, to print a full list with any such comments as the roster would deserve. A high degree of faithfulness to their trust, often at great personal inconvenience, was characteristic of them all. Lucas Flattery resigned in 1882 and a minute of appreciation and regret was entered. Peter Foust was elected in 1883 and died in June, 1901. The board recognized his seventeen years of service. "Quiet and unobtrusive in disposition, he yet exhibited an unflagging interest in the university by a uni- WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 513 formerly faithful attendance upon the meetings of the board and its executive committee. * * * We place on record our appreciation of the life and character of our departed brother." In 1886 Dr. James Eels, the well known professor of theology at Lane (member of the board since 1882), passed to his reward. "His lofty character and wide influence in the cause of Christ," as also his "interest in this institution and his wise counsels and efforts in its behalf" are gratefully acknowledged. Two years more and the one to whom all looked as Elisha to Elijah was translated. A great void was created for all friends of Wooster when John 'Robinson, D.D., LL.D., died June 15, 1888. It was touching a battery of reserved faith and courage to meet him. He had so long brooded over the university in its prenatal state that he could. not help hovering over it afterwards. He prepared the early reports to the synods and the earliest appeals to the churches. He was often on the executive committee (though not resident in Wooster) and on the examining committees. He may fairly be said to have done more for the university in the twenty-two years next after the granting of the charter and before it than any other man. The handsome bronze tablet, with its appropriate inscription, which used to stand on the main stairway of the old building should be restored in the new. In the catalogue of 1888-9, it is printed on a separate page that "for more than a quarter of a century no publication concerning the synodical university was issued which did not contain the name of this venerable man. He was its ardent advocate as a hope and as a plan. After its realization he was the first, and, until his death, the only president of its board of trustees. He gave it his energies, his prayers and his means. * * * It is the fervent desire of the board of trustees and of the faculty that his life-long views concerning the duty and the opportunity of the church in the higher education under denominational control, may be regarded as typical among the ministers and churches of Ohio, as it is their assured conviction that the memory of his high character and matured Christian graces and useful life will never perish from among us." It is added in the board's own minute that Doctor Robinson was never absent from a meeting except on one occasion and then he was "visiting in Scotland." "In every time of trial his wise counsel and courageous stand and loving adherence to the right made him the centre about which others might rally. * * * He was meek, pure and straightforward, as he was prudent, persistent and true. He presided with dignity and grace and cast over the meeting of the board the tender unction and hallowed expression of one who walked with God. His earnest and touching prayers lifted us to the very (33) 514 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. portals of the skies. * * * A touching expression of his love to Wooster University appears in the fact that, out of the scanty earnings of a long life he has devoted one thousand dollars to establish a scholarship in memory of his beloved wife. And we rejoice that the children of our honored friend have signified their determination to found a similar scholarship to his memory. No one of all the noble men who have stood by the University in its perplexities has been of more real service than the Honorable J. W. Robinson (of Marysville). Entering the board in 187I, he continued in deepest interest and activity until his death, in 1899. He was thus identified with the three decades of struggle and advance. The board records it "deep sense of the loss sustained in the death of one of the University's earliest and warmest friends. * * * 'He was in profoundest sympathy with the principles for the maintenance and propagation of which the University was founded. His counsels were characterized by eminent wisdom and in times of special difficulty were marked by sagacity, foresight and gentle moderation. He loved the University. In her prosperity he greatly rejoiced and when for any cause her welfare seemed in jeopardy his sorrow was sincere and deep, but not stronger than his patience and skill in helping to bring her out of trouble and into a 'large and wealthy place.' He was ever ready to lend a helping hand to the University in the way of financial aid and the supreme token of his fostering spirit in this respect was his legacy of ten thousand dollars which has so lightened our load and brightened our future today. "With thankfulness to God for giving the University such a friend, in loving memory of his virtues and with solemn purpose to emulate his devotion to the interest of our beloved institution, we inscribe this memorial upon our records." In June, 1900, we lost a friend, the Rev. Dr. John H. Pratt, whose membership in the board had been confined to the initial years from the charter in 1866, to the opening in 187o. During that period he took most effective part in aiding to construct the first curriculum and in fixing the conditions of entrance. His efficient friendship was not limited to that period, however. The board's minute says : "He was ever a devoted friend of the University and, during these years, contributed liberally to its support—his benefactions amounting to over twelve thousand dollars. He was a sincere, devout and earnest Christian, whose life was a consistent, lovely representation of the Christian character. In his various pastorates he proved a faithful minister of the Covenant and was universally honored and beloved by the entire community where he resided." WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 515 Dr. Charles S. Pomeroy, long pastor of the Second Presbyterian church of. Cleveland, became a member of the board of trustees in 1883. He succeeded Dr. John Robinson as president of the board in 1888. He represented the University, amid surroundings which were "strongly drawn in other directions, always with discretion but always with firm preference for the institution of church control and ownership. He died suddenly in September, 1894. "Doctor Pomeroy," says the record, "was a marked man, distinguished for his natural abilities, his scholarly attainments, his mechanical genius, his genial Christian character, his delightfully interesting public address, his evangelistic and spiritually helpful preaching and his wise counsels as a member of this body, and in the ecclesiastical bodies of our church. He was a thorough Presbyterian, a firm defender of our faith and was decided in his views of Presbyterian government. But his sympathies were as broad as the Christian church and his voice was heard in the support of whatever promised to be useful to men or for the enlargement of the Redeemer's Kingdom." In 1892, the resignation of John McClellan, as treasurer, was reluctantly accepted by the board of trustees, and a testimonial (by Doctor Taylor) was ordered to be read from the commencement platform, declaring that "among the early advocates of the establishment of the University none other aided with greater activity, zeal and liberality." His labors in connection with the erection of the main building were recognized as "indefatigable and conspicuous." His service as trustee and treasurer endured for more than twenty-five years and "he was present at every meeting of the board," besides proving an "energetic and self-sacrificing member of the executive committee." As treasurer his administration was marked by "wisdom, justice and kindness" and thus he "won the favor of the public, the gratitude of the board, and the universal friendship of the faculty and students." In 1900 (March 30), at nearly ninety years of age, Mr. McClellan died in faith. The board of trustees again expressed its sense of his early and abiding and effective interest in the University. He had executed his difficult duties "with conspicuous fidelity, skill and unusual knowledge of human nature." By his "devotion of extra labor and thought" and by his "hopefulness in dark days he stimulated others to loyalty and consecration in the work." "The simplicity, transparent honesty and sterling integrity of his character" are emphasized. While the trusteeship of Jacob Frick was comparatively brief, it was marked by deep interest and by generous and efficient aid in the financial dif- 516 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. ficulties then encountered. The board laments his loss ( he died November 17, 1901) : "His simplicity of manner, the honesty and integrity of his character, his manifest helpfulness and kindness to others stamped him a man of high Christian character." In June, 1898, the board of trustees, in accepting from J. H. Kauke the gift of the property now known as the conservatory, passed resolutions of heartfelt recognition of his "unselfish service" of many years in "advancing the work to which he has given so much of his time, his strength, his means and his prayers." He died suddenly on Sabbath morning, March 20, 1904. At its next meeting this minute was entered upon the record of the board, expressing its deep sense of the "loss which the institution has sustained. He was the oldest member of our board and the sole survivor (save one) of the original incorporators. "Pre-eminent among the men whose labors and liberality secured the location of the synodical college in this city, he gave to it an untiring devotion and for thirty-eight years sacrificed time, money and strength to its upbuilding, maintenance and enlargement. He had passed the 'dead line' of fifty years when the University was founded, .but for more than a third of a century he gave his unfailing and exuberant vitality to the care and nursing of the institution he loved. Day after day, usually before attending to his own business, he was on the hill, attending to the needs of professors and students with indefatigable zeal and patience. "And this was true not alone of one season but of all seasons. Summer and winter, day and night, he wrought and planned, meeting perplexities and bridging difficulties, unceasingly careful in the economical use of the University's funds and giving, especially in later years, a large part of his time gratuitously to the care of the building and grounds. "His interests in both teachers and scholars was unfailing. He was deeply interested in the struggles of the students while here and followed them in after years with sympathetic watchfulness, rejoicing in their suc cess and grieving over their failures and defects. His own life-battle, with his disadvantages and straitened circumstances in early life to the comfort and affluence of later years, fitted him to be a true friend and counsellor of those who in poverty were seeking to gain an education. After eighty-six years of busy and fruitful labors he entered into rest." It would be hard to find in any community a more remarkable history than the life-course of Captain Kauke. Some pains should be taken to present it to this community as a priceless inheritance, an asset of more than economic value, a perpetual stimulus to the nobler triumphs of character over WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 517 circumstance and a brilliant tribute to native intellect and to its power, under stimulus of high morality and a deep religious faith, to assimilate the most valuable results of culture without submission to its tedious processes. Two years later ( June, 1906) the board traces carefully the life history of the Rev. John C. Holliday, D.D., always useful and widely known—a trustee from 1888 to 1906. He died suddenly 'while pastor at Norwood, Ohio, on the 14th of February of the latter year. Absent in seventeen years but from one .meeting of the board and then far away in Palestine, he was a model of punctuality. He had been the Prohibition candidate for governor in 1897 and received the largest vote (7,558) ever given to a similar candidate. He was especially useful to the whole church (Presbyterian) in our state by the well-ordered scheme of home missions which he devised. "Fidelity, conscientiousness and efficiency characterized all his relations to the University." Dr. Holliday's solid acquirements, sustained convictions, and ready sympathies conspired to make him a man of mark in any line of duty for Christ and fellow men. The board expresses its "profound sense of the greatness of its bereavement." At the same meeting ( June, 1906) the death of Harry True (of Marion), which had occurred since the February meeting of that year, was recorded. He was a' "trustee by lineage. His father, Dr. H. A. True, was one of the original incorporators." * * * Despite large business interests he was a faithful member of the Board. He was "too genuine a man to herald his worth, but when put to the test he revealed his equipment and splendid character:" He had unusual literary taste, and was "a manly man, an upright citizen, a generous helper of a worthy cause, a friend worth having, always a gentleman and a devout and consistent Christian." Among the earlier trustees were two whose tenure of office was not long but their interest was deep and permanent. Of these, William D. Johnson (1873-5) endowed the chair of mathematics and astronomy in the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars. This gift was one of the most encouraging evidences of future success during the days of the early struggles. The board marks "the exemplary spirit and devoted piety" of the generous trustee and records its gratitude ,to God for the bequest in his will. It deserves to be entered here that Mrs. Johnson, when the railroad bonds in which the endowment was transferred were repudiated by the county which authorized them, paid the interest ($1,500) for many years until finally by legal process the county was compelled to make good the principal. It is hard to see how the institution could just then have gone forward without this singular act of generosity. 518 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. The trusteeship of the Rev. Dr. R. B. Moore was also brief (1871-74), but he held a life-interest in the university's Work and welfare. After other donations, he gave, in 1904, ten thousand dollars as a foundation for a professorship of astronomy and as a memorial to his life-long friend, Professor Kirkwood. But a few months before his death in May, 1906, he "gave utterance to the hope that the university would always remain true to the traditions and ideals of its founders." Brief mention, at least, should be made of many of these worthy men, who have served in the capacity of trustees during these forty years. The whole number is one hundred and forty-three. Of these, sixty-eight have died. The list includes men of mark in all the professions. Naturally the clergy were called upon first and seventy-six of the whole number have been in the ministry. Teachers, lawyers, business men and now and then a physician, make up the remainder. In the existing board, as by the catalogue of 1909-10, there appear twenty-five names (omitting the president. who is a member ex officio). Of these, only six are clergymen (with a seventh who is an honorary trustee), four are lawyers, one is an editor, one is an educator, and the remainder are business men. It would be but just to remember that the Rev. Dr. W. W. Colmery, one of the original board, is credited with having aided William D. Johnson to decide in favor of endowing his professorship. He also sent donations from his own slender resources when kept by increasing infirmity from attendance upon the meetings of the board. His tenure lasted from 1866 to 1895. As much might the said for Hugh Bell's long and faithful service from 1871 to 1898 for the short service of that estimable Christian lawyer of Cadiz, Josiah Estep (1885-'88). Dr. B. K. Ormond, once resident in our city, maintained an effective interest from 1893-1904. Dr. E. L. Raffensperger (of Marion) proposed the name which the institution now hears, at the close of a long committee discussion. He was instrumental in the proposed location at West Liberty. His term identified him with the period of inception (1866-70). The widely known attorney at law, William Rush Taggart (now of New York, then of Salem, Ohio), was a member of the board and an efficient aid from 1877 to 1889. J. G. Peebles came a long way from Portsmouth and at an advanced age for the years between 1883 and 1897. He gave freely of his own means and appropriated to the use of the university a bequest of two thousand dollars, the disposal of which had been left to his judgment by his sister, Mrs. Hamilton. Dr. George C. Heckman (1855-88). the Rev. Dr. David A. Wallace (1880-83), the Rev. Dr. Thomas A. McCurdy (1876-85), Dr. Willis Lord (1877-9), Dr. David A. Tappan (1897-9), Dr. J. B. Helwig (1894-98) and Dr. George P. Hays WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 519 (1887-8) were all college presidents and gave the values of their varied experiences to the counsels of the governing body. Dr. Abram D. Hawn of Delaware (1874-79) still survives to maintain a loyal interest in Wooster ; Dr. A. B. Marshall (1890 to '94), then of East Liverpool and now in transitu to the presidency of the theological seminary at Omaha, should be coupled with Dr. William McKibbin (1894-1902), now president of Lane Theological Seminary, in appreciative remembrances. The Hon. A. E. Jones, recently commissioner of education in Ohio and long superintendent at Massillon, gave us good counsel from 1893 to 1901. Judge William McSurely, since busied in important cases in Chicago, gave most efficient help during reconstruction after the fire (1901-4) having secured a most welcome donation of five thousand dollars from the authorities of the Pennsylvania Leased Lines. Myron Wick (of Youngstown), elected in 1901, generously aided in the rebuilding and then in completing the great effort to reach the five-hundred-thousand dollar point in 1908, on reaching which so much was conditioned. He resigned last year and this year has been called to higher service in the better land. Alva Agee, now of Pennsylvania State College, was with us heart and soul from 1905-8 during his residence in our city. Samuel J. McMahon (Cambridge banker) was generously efficient from 1888-1903. Taken all in all, this list of one hundred and forty-three trustees helps to prove that the synodical college has proved to be solidly imbedded in the best heart and mind of our church in this state. Wooster has been able to command those who were able to serve her interests intelligently as well as faithfully. During the third administration ( June, 1893) the proper steps were ordered for enlarging the number of the trustees by synod-election from nominations by the "alumni at the annual meeting of the Central Alumni Association." This action was carried out, involving the passing of a general law by the General Assembly of Ohio. It has proven a wise and satisfactory step. A number of those most interested and useful in the board have been added by this expedient ; and this result will be cumulative in the future. There have been five presidents of the board, Dr. John Robinson (18661888) ; Dr. Charles S. Pomeroy (1888-1894) ; Dr. A. A. E. Taylor (18951902) ; Dr. Samuel S. Palmer (1902-5) and Louis H. Severance, the present incumbent. Lucas Flattery was the first secretary, in office from 1866 to 1878. Dr. T. K. Davis succeeded in a service of thirty years from 1878 to 1908. Since then Jesse McClellan has held the office, as he has held that of treasurer from 1885, succeeding his father, John McClellan, whose tenure of that important office lasted from 1866 to 1885. 520 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. Among the fiscal secretaries mention must be made of Dr. George P. Hays' pioneering and organizing in 1868 and 1869, without which the raising of the two hundred fifty thousand dollars endowment deemed indispensable for setting the university in motion could not have been realized, and of Dr. T. K. Davis' continuous arid successful employment in this capacity from 1871 to 1875. The Rev. Robert M. Donaldson gave up choice pastorates for this difficult work from 1895 to 1898. Since 1904 the burden has rested upon those experienced workmen in this vineyard (in which there are grapes enough but not easily accessible) the Rev. Charles R. Compton, Ph. D., and the Rev. Samuel W. Douglas. One who knows something of their task heartily wishes them the faith and patience which alone can perpetually (to use a borrowed expression) "renew the solicitor's nerve." It is due the faithfulness and efficiency of Dr. T. K. Davis, connected with the university in one capacity or another from April 1, 1867—thus. reaching forty-three years and constituting a longer nexus than now exists with any other person living—to give place to an extract from his letter to the board when resigning the secretaryship in 1908: "The institution was founded on the Rock of Ages, by men of profound convictions in this central and influential state, at a time when the older and wealthier colleges of the country seemed to be losing their grip on the Christian faith. Merely as an additional college to the many in Ohio it was not needed. But as a college connected with and controlled by the Presbyterian church it was greatly needed. The Presbyterian church in Ohio was suffering and losing ground for want of a college of its own. I believed that it was needed by our country and the world as a college that would stand for Christ and the Bible as long as the Presbyterian church in Ohio would he faithful to her Lord and Master. My work as secretary has kept me in touch all these years with the internal life and work of the university and it has been a great joy to me that the trustees and faculty have never wavered from the position taken by the board of trustees at the first meeting in December, 1866." [See the resolutions quoted elsewhere in this sketch.] The most important section of the board of trustees is and always has been the executive committee. It is something of an equalizing consideration to remember that if our city receives some special advantages from the university it must always contribute the management through this committee—in close connection with the president as a member ex officio—of many most important concerns of the university-life. Questions of policy as well as of detail come before it for decision. Some are committed directly to it by the board, and others are urgent because the meetings of the board are infrequent. There WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 521 must be management of the investments also by a sub-committee (on finance). There is constant demand for time and judgment and sympathetic study of various situations on the part of the executive committee. Right nobly have our best citizens responded to these demands during these more than forty years. I may not dare to specialize beyond mentioning the extraordinary devotion of John H. Kauke—for many years the chairman—and the continuous and indispensable services of the Rev. Dr. O. A. Hills since 1885. Every crisis through which the university has passed has called for renewed devotion and activity on the part of this committee. Closely connected with the general work of the trustees, there has existed since 1892 an advisory board of women. The number was to be equal to that of the trustees and their names were to be reported to the synod for confirmation. It was a roving commission under which this advisory board was organized ; but its main design was always as clear as it was important. It was meant to bring together representative women from each presbytery who with womanly tact and intuition would find ways to increase the efficiency of the institution in all matters pertaining to the young women who came into residence in the university. In 1896 "the board, recognizing the zeal with which the advisory board have given themselves to the work of fostering the university, would suggest to them that they have a sub-committee who shall regularly visit the institution and report from time to time to the faculty or board what, in their judgment, would promote the efficiency of the university especially in the matter of securing to our young lady students accommodations and surroundings that will approximate their life in the university to that of a Christian home." The thanks of the board for continued aid along the lines in which so much has been done to increase the attractiveness of the institution to the mothers and daughters of our constituency, have been frequently expressed. As early as June, 1880, Doctor Taylor had suggested a "Woman's Association to aid in promoting the higher education of young women in the university." The usefulness of the advisory board is constantly increasing and their suggestions receive most respectful attention from the trustees. It was in connection with this organization that the efficient work of Mrs. Dr. J. H. W. Stuckenberg was done in forming Wooster leagues in several Ohio cities. These organizations quickened interest in certain circles to the point of valuable co-operation. Closely connected with the foregoing items must be mentioned the honor-roll of those who through the financial pilgrimage of the forty years past have been signal helpers. There heads the list, of course, the fine face and figure of Ephraim Quinby, Jr., whose gift of the campus undoubtedly secured the lo- 522 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. cation of the university at Wooster, and who gave, also, later a professorship. The pastor Reed gave encouragement and prevailing prayer. Capt. .john H. Kauke gave liberal donations at the beginning, a full professorship later, paid for the transfer of the conservatory property, and always an inexhaustible store of personal concern and superintendence. The Johnson professorship was a gleam of hope for the larger endowments so much needed. David Robison, Jr., gave means and time as a member of the original board of trustees and is now its sole survivor. Mr. Purdy, of Mansfield, and John Black, of Zanesville, added some of the larger sums of the early days. Mr. and Mrs. Boyd Mercer endowed the Biblical chair. Mrs. Mary Myers was one of the few who could add five thousand dollars to the original subscriptions for endowment. Early and middle and late, Dr. J. H. Pratt came to the institution's help. C. S. Bragg, of Cincinnati, planted the first library as a centre of intellectual stimulus with a gift of five thousand dollars. In the middle period there came to us William Thaw's repeated gifts, including the two thousand five hundred dollars which made certain the Hoge professorship of morals and sociology. And Mrs. William Thaw founded a memorial scholarship to that noble Christian gentleman (her father), Josiah Copley. Then came, from the same beneficent hand, the five thousand dollars and more, which realized that finely-conceived plan—the homes for the children of missionaries. Benjamin S. Brown, of Columbus, gladdened all hearts by a perpetual scholarship (one thousand dollars) and a professorship (twenty-five thousand dollars). Selah Chamberlain's ten-thousand-dollar bequest carried us over the construction exigencies of 1891-2, and literally gave us "wings." Henry Flagler, of New York, gave one thousand dollars. That veteran of Christian service, John Peebles, of Portsmouth, helped the work for himself and for his sister, Mrs. Hamilton. Judge J. W. Robinson's bequest of ten thousand dollars, with Dr. Pratt's five thousand dollar gift, prepared the way for the large things which were to come. And what an honor-roll is that of the past eleven years! H. C. Frick's library building was not only a promise of spring, but the "one swallow" which, contrary to the proverb, seemed enough to "make a summer.- Then came Mrs. Davidson and the Memorial Chapel with Mrs. Livingstone Taylor's five thousand dollar organ in it, and the five times greater, later gift in the stress of the effort for the five hundred thousand dollars ending with March 31, 1908. And how these larger givers have multiplied since the fiery ordeal! Here begin the astonishing gifts of Andrew Carnegie ; of the Rockefeller General Education Board ; and of the ever-generous patron-saint (shall I say) of the institution, Louis H. Severance. Along with these how wonderfully WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO - 523 sprang up from willing hearts and open hands the large gifts of John Converse (of Philadelphia), of Dr. R. B. Moore ; of Mrs. Darwin James and other "elect ladies" of New York ; of Mrs. Samuel Mather (of Cleveland) of Miss Denny and Miss Spring and Mrs. Curry, of Pittsburgh ; of Solon Severance, who took such effective pity on the condition of a library magnificently housed but helpless to fill its own shelves. There have kept coming from very many sources the scholarships (of one thousand dollars each) for payment of tuition for the children of missionaries. There have also been entered some large contributions on the annuity plan, which will prove no doubt, to be the forerunners of yet more numerous arrangements of this character—a plan so satisfactory to the annuitant and so certain ultimately to enrich the treasury of the university. All these things are recorded (and it is but a partial enumeration) that faith and hope may be animated by experience. In the crisis of rebuilding how plainly it was proven in some of the larger gifts, already recounted, and in the prompt and generous response of the city of Wooster through James Mullin's gift of five thousand dollars, with Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Frick's one thousand dollars and the similar sum from Walter Mullins and from Mr. and Mrs. John McSweeney, besides the self-denying smaller gifts from everywhere, that the high purpose of Wooster's founders would never lack friends and helpers. So it has been and so it will always be. True to her noble mission, help and deliverance will arise in every exigency. Patient waiting and working are the only conditions of prosperity for an institution devoted to the aims for which Wooster was founded. VIII. THE ALUMNI. Here is a most winning theme and one full of interest. Only the rigidities of time and space could compel a brief treatment. The number for the forty years compares strikingly well With the output of institutions which have ampler state foundations or are created by hitherto unprecedented private endowments. It is much beyond the record of any ecclesiastical college known to the writer. The grand total gives us collegiate alumni up to May, 1910, 1402. All departments carry the figure to 1705. The report to synod (October, 1909), is willing to test all college life by "the service it renders to the world through its alumni." A table is printed showing that of the 1393 graduates of the collegiate department. 378 (27.13 per cent) have gone into religious work ; 376 (26.99 per cent) into collegiate and secondary teaching; 142 (10.19 per cent) into law ; 91 (6.53 per cent) 524 - WAYNE COUNTY, OHIO. into medicine and 236 (16.94 per cent) into business. Wooster has furnished 11 college presidents and 54 college professors, of whom 44 are men and 10 are women—a contribution of 67 members to the faculties of institutions of full collegiate or university standing. "The quality of the scholarship product of Wooster is indicated by three facts ; first the large and growing demand for Wooster alumni as college professors and for important positions in normal schools, academies and high schools : second, the books of scholarly merit written by Wooster men ; third, the large number who pursue graduate courses in the large universities and the many fellowships and scholarships which they win in competitive theses or by their high grade of work during their first graduate year." Abundant details exist to make good these claims. Ten fellowships were won during 1903-4. Four of a then recent class took fellowships at Yale, Columbia, Chicago, and Wisconsin. A "Roll of Honor" has been voted for those who do such things. The distribution, of the alumni shows the Wooster preparation for a lifework is not limited to any environment. Out in the West, there are 24 in California, 20 in Colorado, 10 in North Dakota, in Oregon, 13; in Kansas, 28 : in Washington, 22. Coming Eastward, we find 62 in Illinois, 477 in Ohio, 125 in Pennsylvania. In Massachusetts there are Jo ; New York, 58. Going to the far East, there are 15 in India and 30 in China. Again we must regret the necessity of omitting most of the names of those referred to. Mere mention can be made of such men as Professor Hyslop, in moral and mental science ; Joseph Collins, in mathematics; William Henderson, in chemistry; Professor Culler (Miami), in physics; Dr. Edgar Work, in authorship; W. W. 'White, in the great Bible school of New York, and J. C. White, at the head of the laymen's missionary movement, and Professor Kingery (Wabash), with his editions of Latin texts, and many distinguished missionaries ; and ex-Governor Morrison and Professor Chadock of Pennsylvania University, and Professor Wallace Notestein (history) and ex-President James Wallace, whose heroic devotion saved Macalester College ; and of such women as Mrs. Ella Alexander Boole, Mrs. Mary Mills, Mrs. Hanna Cox and the Misses Popper. These names, taken almost at random, give evidence of real vitality in Wooster's work. Every year the bond strengthens as the number . increases. Organization is being perfected rapidly. The next decade will bring the fiftieth anniversary and observation convinces the writer that the semi-centennial is a point of new departure for the alumni of a great and growing institution. Wooster men and women have better means now of knowing what the other Woosterites are doing. The admirable Alumni Round Table in the Wooster Quarter-