J. N. Schoonmaker, Sterling  Jackson Mines Co., Jackson James Cochran, Fayette  Laughlin & Co., Tyrone  Sample Cochran, Sons A Co., Washington	Ovens. 159 64 100 130 32 485
MOUNT PLEASANT BRANCH. BALTIMORE AND OHIO
H. C. Frick Coke Co., Henry Clay H. C. Frick Coke Co., Frick H. C. Frick Coke Co., Morgan H. C. Frick Coke Co., White H. C. Frick Coke Co., Foundry H. C. Frick Coke Co., Eagle H. C. Frick Coke Co., Summit H. C. Erick Coke Co., Tip Top H. C. Frick Coke Co., Valley Mullen, Strickler & Co., Mullen Boyle & Rafferty, Boyle's J. M. Cochran's estate, Buckeye J. M. Cochran's estate, Star Jos. R. Stauffer & Co., Dexter J. D. Boyle, Fountain McClure A Co., Diamond	Ovens 100 106 164 148 74 80 142 56 152 82 252 116 20 40 50 66
COKE - 407
McClure & Co., Painter's Charlotte Furnace Co W. A. Keifer B. F. Keister & Co., Franklin A. A. Hutchinson & Bro., Standard James Cochran & Co, Clinton	228 60 40 50 360 44 2430
OTHER BALTIMORE AND OHIO BRANCHES
J. M. Schoonmaker, Jimtown Cochran & Koester, Spurggon John Newmyer, Cora W. J. Banney & Co., Fort Hill Dunbar Furnace Co., Hill Farm A. O. Tintsman, Mount Braddock Percy Mining Stuart Iron Co	Ovens 303 100 42 88 89 127 69 120 931
Total ovens shipping by Baltimore and Ohio	3846
SOUTHWESTERN RAILROAD.
Dillinger, Rafferty & Co., Enterprise Hurst, Stoner & Co., Union S. W. Coal and Coke Co Dillinger, Tarr & Co Joseph R. Stauffer, Home A. O. Tintsman & Co., Pennsville W. J. Rainey & Co., Eldorado Pittsburgh and Connellsville G. C. & C. Co Cambria Iron Co., Morrell Cambria Iron Co., Wheeler Dunbar Furnace Co., Furgeson  Mahoning Coke Co. (limited), Mahoning Morgan, Layng & Co., Anchor Reed & Bro., Uniondale Colvin & Co Youngstown Coke Co. (limited) Lemont Furnace Co , Lemont Chicago and Connellsville Coke Co. J. W. Moore & Co. Fairchance Iron Co Fayette Coke and Furnace Co.	Ovens. 50 70 138 66 20 70 225 295 400 100 70 100 100 76 80 240 150 170 170 38 130 2756
BRANCHES FROM THE SOUTHWEST.
Markle & Co., Rising Sun J. W. Overholt, Agent, Emma C. P. Markle & Sons, Bessemer Morewood Coke Co. (limited), Morewood J. M. Schoonmaker, Alice A. C. Overholt & Co , West Overton Connellsville Coke and Iron Co., C. C. & I. Co  Connellsville Gas-Coal Co., Trotter's	Ovens. 103 36 170 470 200 110 200 200
Ovens shipping by Pennsylvania Railroad Total ovens in the region	1489 4245 8091

In this table is included only the territory which the strict constructionists call " the Connellsville region." Besides these there are on the outskirts of the region, as bounded by the exclusive Connellsville people, the works at Smithton, Scott Haven, Shanor, Alpsville, and Saltsburg, aggregating 194 ovens, and the group of works at the northern end of the basin towards Latrobe. At the majority of these works the coal is crushed and washed, and the slack only is coked. Add these 1000 ovens, whose coal comes from the. same Connellsville vein, to those tabulated above and you have a grand total of 10,000 ovens. Each oven will produce eight and a half tons of coke per week. Quite a number of operators say nine, but this is probably too high. The 10,000 ovens, then, now burning in the region yield 85,000 tons of coke per week, or 4,420,000 tons a year, of fifty bushels to the ton, making a production for 1882 of 221,000,000 bushels. If this quantity of coke were to be loaded on one train of cars, it would require 250,000 cars of the ordinary railway size, and make a train almost two thousand miles long, enough to make six trains reaching from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia. And this upon the present basis; allowing nothing for the ovens which will be built before the first of January next. Contracts are now let for over eight hundred ovens to be built before the first of June, and it is a safe estimate that before the close of the current year there will be ten thousand ovens in the Connellsville coke regions proper, taking no account of the nine hundred scattered about the outskirts. The completion of the Youngwood Branch of the Southwest Railroad, which is now building, will develop a large part of the coal area which is still unworked. Coke-making is a young industry, and notably a work of young men. Beardless boys have responsible positions as book-keepers and managers in the company stores, that feed, clothe, and furnish, some of them 1000 persons. Young men who, according to Holy Writ, should still be tarrying at Jericho, in this country superintend the operations of works whose employes are numbered by the hundred, and whose market includes all the manufacturing belt of the United States. The owners of many of these extensive coke-yards are still in the early prime of life, and have earned fortunes almost before they have won wives. They are approachable people, and have not the hard-shell conservatism and secretiveness of older men in an industry of older growth. But the information they will furnish will only give him a superficial acquaintance of the country of to-day. MOUNT PLEASANT REGION. MOREWOOD MINES One can well spend a day in a tour of the Morewood Coke-Works alone, from the farthest underground room, where scores of little lamps twinkling on the foreheads of the swarthy miners look like an undersized torchlight procession that has been buried to await the resurrecting trumpet of the next campaign, from the dark passages where the smothered clink of the picks tells how the little atoms of humanity are scratching under the skin of the big round earth, up the shaft to where the fresh-dug coal is dumped into the " larry," the one-hundred-bushel car that a little locomotive hauls back and forth along the railroad upon the top of the row of ovens, from which the coal is dumped directly into the ovens, one hundred bushels to each oven, to be raked out silvery gray glistening coke twenty-four hours later and packed, still steaming, into the cars for shipment. Or a part of the time may be employed in a visit to the great company's store that supplies food, clothing, and furniture for one thousand people, the inhabitants of a town that has five hundred full-grown men, of whom scarcely half are American citizens, a condensation of Europe, with a strong extract from Asia and a faint flavor of Africa. 408 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. These works make and ship daily about one thousand tons of coke, averaging about sixty cars of about sixteen and a quarter tons each. Turning over less than half a dozen pages of their shipping book shows the initials of forty-seven different railroads, giving an index to the scope of their trade. The bare statement that one thousand tons of coke are manufactured at one place daily gives but an unsatisfactory notion of the output, but when that amount of inanimate energy is ciphered into human muscle the look of it is different and better understood. To make one ton of coke requires one and six-tenths tons of coal. The one thousand tons manufactured here daily mean, therefore, sixteen hundred tons of coal mined in the same time. Rogers estimates that one pound of coal applied to the production of mechanical power through the agency of steam will exert a power equal to that obtained from ten hours' continuous labor of a strong man on a tread-mill. A later writer, and one who has evidently given the subject much thought, holds that a ton and a half of coal, used to make steam, will produce a power equal to one man's work for a whole year. Taking this, the smaller estimate, then the sixteen hundred tons of coal dug daily at Morewood are equal to a year's labor of almost eleven hundred men. A thousand strong men dug out of their bed, where they went to sleep when the twilight was strangled in the swamp vapors of the carboniferous age, and have slumbered peacefully ever since with never a snore, although the coverlets became dirty and veins of rock took the place of layers of cotton in their quilts, to stir this idle host into industry with their sharp picks, to serve notice on all these idlers that they have had their " nooning," and that the nineteenth century is an age of labor, not loafing, looks like a pretty good day's work for the Morewood miners. The story of the dragon's teeth springing up armed men isn't worth mentioning in comparison. Eleven hundred men working one year will do as much as one man laboring eleven hundred years. If Adam had kept on spading, allowing no time for strikes, he would only have been getting along towards the evening of the fourth day's work, measured by the Morewood standard, when the dawn of the new dispensation broke on his bald head. Methusaleh could not have done one such day's work in his long lifetime, even if he had been born with a pick in his hands and dropped at the edge of the grave. This awakening process is daily going on, and the world moves, because modern mechanics are binding the strong shoulders of the long-sleeping giants to the yoke. On the Hungarian peasant's mental map of America " Morewood" is doubtless larger than all the Southern States together, better known than Pennsylvania. Here the first large colony of them was brought a couple of years ago, and hither hundreds have drifted since. Many of the early colonists have gone back to the old country, following the fashion of the Chinese, whose cousins they are. Others have floated out upon the prairies of the West, for they have a keen eye to their profit, and if they see a chance of making money are quick to go after it. Among the miners underground Hungarian men are plenty enough. Above surface their wives and daughters share their labor with the men. Broad-backed and brawny, the women 'handle the long, heavy iron scraper at the hot mouth of the oven, and their burly, dumpy figures are seen between the handles of the big wheelbarrows as they trot from the oven to the car with five or six bushels of coke, weighing from two hundred to two hundred and forty pounds. Their principal employment, however, is forking coke in the cars. They all wear boots ; that is, for a few months in the winter. In the summer they go barefoot, and even thus early are found the strong imprint of plenty of pink toes in the yellow mud. Their skirts are scant, and leave room for about two feet of sunburn below. A distinctive feature of their costume is their head-dress, which usually consists of a shawl, not wrapped turban fashion, but pinned under the 'chin. Men and women are alike short, almost squat in stature, but broad and strongly built. The thick-set, grimy coke-drawers do not remind one forcibly of the famous Magyar cavalrymen, but the grandfather of some of these laborers charged with Kosciusko at Raclawicek, and heard with,!his own ears the alleged shriek of Freedom when he fell. If he did, however, it is long odds that his grandmother attended to the stabling of his steed. The women are accustomed to hard work in their own country, and the men seem to be willing to let them do it. Col. Schoonmaker, the manager at Morewood, does all in his power to keep them out of the coke-yard, but nothing but a cordon of police could do it. Driven out of the yard repeatedly, they return whenever the yard-boss turns his back towards them. The company keeps no account with them, and their time is computed with that of their husbands, fathers, or brothers. Constant labor has developed their muscles, and a sculptor might find some of the finest model arms among the coke-forkers. Among the novel and curious industries developed in the coke region is that of " coke crushing," now in its infancy, and carried on by a company which has the exclusive monopoly. Their crusher is situated about a mile from the borough limits of Mount Pleasant. COKE CRUSHING. As you approach the crusher you are struck by the very odd shape of the building, with its tower one hundred feet high, and the many extensions and changes in the roof. Yet the peculiar structure is necessary for the machinery used in crushing the coke. The supply of coke is hauled on truck-wagons from the Standard Mine Coke-Works, located but a few yards distant. It is weighed and run on the cage. Then it is hoisted to COKE - 409 the top of the tower, while an empty one is lowered. The wagon is dumped by machinery, and the coke falls on metal bars below. All that is already fine enough falls between the bars, while the rest rolls over the bars into the first pair of rollers, where it is partially crushed, and then another set of bars separates the fine coke from the coarse, which passes between a second set of rollers. The crushed coke enters two large iron revolving screens. There the dust and dirt are first taken out, next the nut or smaller size of coke, next small stove size, next stove size, and lastly all that passes out at the end of the screen is called egg size. Thus four sizes of crushed coke are obtained. There are in all three screens, two for the crushed coke and one for the coke that is fine enough without passing through the crusher, and is separated by the iron bars spoken of before. This separation, if the coke already is fine enough, is to save waste from the coke being ground more or less into dust. After the coke passes through these screens it falls into huge basins below, from which shutes carry the coke into the cars ready for shipping. Every part of the machinery does its work well. The whole structure is on an entirely new plan. This is the only coke-crusher of the kind in the world. About fifteen cars of coke can be crushed daily, the product of about a hundred ovens. The crusher is owned and controlled by the Pennsylvania Crushed Coke Company. The officers and directors are all Pittsburgh men. There is quite a demand for crushed coke cleaned and divided into sizes as it is made at these works. This crushed coke, it is claimed, is as good if not better for domestic purposes, and even for manufacturing purposes, than the anthracite coal. STANDARD MINES adjoin the borough of Mount Pleasant, and were opened in 1879. They are owned by A. A. Hutchinson & Brother, of Pittsburgh. The superintendent is Charles Cunningham, who here and at other points has been connected with this firm since 1873. This company has five hundred and sixty-nine coke-ovens, and employs five hundred and fifty men. It carries on a large store, of which D. M. Pigman is foreman. It owns fifteen hundred acres of coal lands, of which two hundred is surface. It operates fifteen miles of railroad under ground and seven outside. Its daily production of coke is ten hundred and sixty-five tons, or seventy-one cars, at fifteen tons per car, and has connections with the Baltimore and Ohio and Southwestern Pennsylvania Railroads. The company has one hundred and fifty houses for its hands. There was erected in 1881, at its works, by the Pennsylvania Coal r. Ltd Coke Company, a coke-crusher, which is the pritt.'ir,R1 one in this region. Its superintendent is J. C. Dysatt. It makes five sizes of coke. Boyle & Rafferty's coke-ovens are located at Bridgeport, and number several hundred, giving employment to hundreds of hands. Mullin & Strickler have extensive coke ovens and mines near the above. The Cochran Heirs mines and ovens are situated at Bridgeport and near the others before mentioned. Rafferty's mines and ovens are at Painter's Station, and are very extensively carried on. Joseph R. Stauffer's ovens are located near West Overton. Morewood Mines are owned by Schoonmaker & H. Clay Frick, and are very extensive. Alice Mines is the property of the Schoonmakers. Hecla Coal Company has just been started. The United Coal and Coke Company was organized in 1882, and is now in operation. The Rising Sun and Bessemer Coke-Ovens are owned by C. P. Markle & Sons, of West Newton. F. M. McClain is superintendent of the Bessemer. EAST HUNTINGDON TOWNSHIP REGION. Since the building of the Southwestern Pennsylvania Railroad to Scottdale in 1872, the township of East Huntingdon has been revolutionized in its business, and where before were only the peaceful haunts of the tillers of the soil have become the marts of large manufacturing establishments, with coal-mines and coke-ovens scattered all over its limits, giving employment to thousands of hands. Where were only fields of grain now stand busy factories, and where the farmers' herds once graze in quiet, hundreds of miners are digging out coal or making coke. SCOTTDALE IRON-WORKS. Everson, Macrum & Co.'s rolling-mill was established in 1872, before the railroad was completed to Scottdale. The firm was then Everson, Graff & Co., who purchased of William A. Kifer the old " Fountain Mill" and distillery, on which site they erected their new rolling-mill. The firm is now Everson. Macrum & Co., composed of W. H. Everson, John Q. Everson, David S. Macrum, Christopher L. Graff, Walter T. Brown, and Edwin Miles. The first firm also bought of Col. Israel Painter a tract of land in Fayette County, on the other side of Jacobs Creek, the Frick farm below it, and some ten acres of Peter S. and Jacob S. Loucks, on this side of the creek. On the latter they made an addition to the town and erected thirty dwellings for their hands. The mill was started in operation May, 1873. It then made annually three thousand tons of sheet iron, which it now still manufactures, besides eight thousand tons of muck-bar. The foundry was added in 1875, and makes all kinds of castings for this min and the one in Pittsburgh, the latter established in 1842 by Everson, Preston & Co. William H. Everson has been the general manager since 1873,—the commencement.. The rolling-mill and foundry employ two hundred hands. The company's office stands where W. A. Kifer's residence was. The selection of its site for 410 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the rolling-mill made the town of Scottdale ; otherwise the town would have been at Everson, the centre of the coke-oven industries. The rolling-mill company started also an extensive store, which with the mill made the nucleus around which has arisen the flourishing borough. Everson, Macrum & Co.'s " Charlotte Furnace" was built in 1873, and blown October 14th of that year. The firm of the furnace was then Everson, Knap & Co. The first year its product was thirty-five tons daily, but is now between fifty-five and sixty tons. It employs seventy-five men. The furnace is considered one of the best in the country, and is under the efficient superintendency of Edwin Miles. The company has the " Greenlick Narrow Gauge Railroad" from its mines to the Mount Pleasant Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, from which it gets daily sixty tons of ore. In connection with the native ores mined on the company's property, ores from Lake Superior and Blair County, Pa., are also used. Hill & Kenney's foundry and machine-shop was erected in August, 1880, and has been in operation fifteen months. The partners are J. D. Hill and T. C. Kenney. The latter is a practical machinist, formerly employed by " Charlotte Furnace Company." They employ twenty men, and are doing a business of $40,000 per year. The firm purchased the land on which to erect their buildings of Everson, Macrum & Co., part of the old Loucks place. They are machinists and brass and iron founders, and make specialties of coke manufacturers' supplies, viz.: larries, pit and machine-bolts, coke-barrows, pit-wheels and axles, pit-wagons, frogs, turnouts, railroad frogs, etc., and keep a full line of brass and iron fittings, brass castings, and machinery supplies. Their shop is well equipped and with first-class workmen. SCOTTDALE COKE REGION. The coal-mines of Everson, Macrum & Co. are on the opposite side of Jacobs Creek, and comprises one hundred and twelve acres of land. Fifty miners are here employed, and fifty thousand tons of coal are annually produced for their rolling-mill and blast furnace. Several railroad tracks run from the mines over the creek to the mill and furnace. This firm has coke-ovens, of which fifty were started in 1873. They make nearly seven thousand bushels per day of coke. Stauffer's coke-ovens are situated northwest of Scottdale, towards Mount Pleasant, and immediately opposite are those of Blake & Co. Some four miles north of Scottdale are those of C. P. Markle & Sons, called the " Bessemer" and " Rising Sun," of which George A. Markle and Mr. McClain are superintendents. The Home coke-ovens are operated by Stauffer & Co. Frick & Co. operate the "Valley Works" and " Tip Top Coke-Mines." Tarr's Station. Here are the coke-works of Peter Tarr, embracing eighty-one ovens, and the South West Coal and Coke Company of Frick & Co., successors to Stoner, Hitchman & Co. The latter have eleven hundred acres of coal lands, and employ two hundred men, and have fifty dwellings for their men. It has another opening at Stonersville. Here, too, are sixty-four coke-ovens of Samuel Dillinger & Sons, erected in 1879. Hawkeye Station. At this point Samuel Dillinger & Sons have fifty-one coke-ovens, built in 1871-72. West Overton. Just north of this village are the one hundred and thirty coke-ovens of A. R. S. Overholt & Co., of which sixty-two were started in 1873. and the others in 1878. These give employment to over a hundred men, and produce one hundred and eighty tons of coke daily. AT STONERSVILLE. In 1872, Hurst, Stoner & Co. (Braden Hurst, B. B. Stoner, Mr. Shaw, and W. B. Neal) established their coke-works, and laid out thirty lots on which they built dwellings for their men. They now have seventy ovens. The firm-name is yet the same, but the partners are Braden Hurst and Messrs. Rafferty and McClure. In 1873, S. Warden opened their coke-works, and erected twenty company dwellings. This company (three-fourths of whose stock is owned by the Southwest Coal Company) has seventy-two coke-ovens in full operation. LATROBE REGION. The general business outlook in this neat little town, located on the Pennsylvania Central Railroad, forty miles east of Pittsburgh, never was so bright as at present. All the various industrial establishments and coke-works surrounding her are in full blast, with cheering prospects. The steadily-increasing demand for coke is causing capitalists to secure all the coal territory from which this valuable article can be manufactured. This is not only true of the Connellsville region, but for many miles surrounding it. Latrobe is coming in for a large share of this rapidly-increasing industry. Several large new coke-works and mines have been opened up during the year 1881, and are now in full blast, adding to their facilities as rapidly as circumstances will admit, while all the old works have made large additions and improvements. In addition to this a new branch has been surveyed and will be built from Latrobe, running through a large coal-field, striking the Southwestern road some miles back. Wealthy companies of business men have secured this coal, and as soon as the road is built it will be lined with coke-works. THE MONASTERY COKE-WORKS. A short distance west of town we find the large mines and coke-ovens of Carnegie Bros., 1 under the 1 This company has lately been reorganized, but Carnegie & Bros. still have a controlling interest. COKE - 411 general supervision of Mr. Robert Ramsey, formerly of Shafton. During the past year this company have made many improvements and additions to their works, among them the building of one hundred new coke-ovens, a new crusher and washer, besides extending the capacity of their mines. They have now two hundred and forty ovens. The mine is reached by a slope three hundred feet in length, in which about ninety miners are employed, getting pretty fair work, as the ovens will be kept steadily in blast supplying coke for the Lucy Furnace and the steel-works. The coal averages about six feet. The miners receive thirty-five cents per wagon for run of mine. About two hundred men are given steady employment in the mines and about the coke-ovens and crushers. THE LATROBE COAL AND COKE WORKS. This is a new work, or rather an old work opened previous to the panic, on the opposite side of the railroad from the Monastery Works, now being operated by this company under the general supervision of Mr. D. W. Jones. 'they have built new chutes, put up new machinery, and built sixteen coke-ovens, in which they coke all the slack and ship the coal, averaging at present about ten cars daily. The underground workings, in charge of Mr. Alexander Snedden, are reached by a slope one hundred and fifty feet in length. The coal runs from seven to eight feet. About fifty men are now employed, and more will be added as the trade increases. The miners receive thirty-five cents per wagon for run of mine. M. SOXMAN, JR, & CO'S WORKS About half a mile east of the town are located the coke-works and mines of this company, under the general supervision of Mr. Francis Kiernan. The mine at present has a drift entrance, and the coal is brought forward and hauled up quite a steep grade on to their chutes. The coal will average about seven feet. The miners receive forty cents per ton for run of mine. Last year they built and put in operation thirty coke-ovens, to which thirty more new ovens have recently been added, having now in blast sixty ovens. A large amount of coal is also shipped daily from the mine. A shaft is being sunk to the coal alongside of the ovens, from which the coal will be hoisted in the future. It will be seventy feet to the coal. Hoisting machinery, etc., will be erected as soon as the shaft is completed. They have a fine piece of coal, and will increase their shipping facilities. They employ at present forty miners, and thirty-five day men about the mine and ovens, giving them steady work. THE LOYALHANNA COAL AND COKE-WORKS. The extensive works of this company are located on the opposite side of the road, a short distance east of the Soxman works. Mr. Morris Ramsey, formerly of the Franklin mines, at Houtzdale, has charge of the works as general superintendent. They have also made many improvements during the year. One hundred additional ovens have been built, giving them a total of two hundred and forty ovens, one hundred and forty of which have been in blast. The new ovens are now being lit -up- The mine is entered by a shaft one hundred and. forty-six feet deep. The coal averages seven feet, the miners receiving thirty-eight cents per ton for run of mine coal. Besides manufacturing coke they have their chutes built for coaling engines on-the Pennsylvania road, and supply considerable coal for that purpose. About ninety miners, besides seventy-five other hands, are employed by the company. They own quite a number of houses, and are now erecting enough to accommodate thirty more families. RIDGEVIEW COAL AND COKE-WORKS This company, which is presided over by Mr. James P. Scott, son of the late Col. Thomas A. Scott, has opened a new works at St. Clair Station. Mr. D. C. George, of Latrobe, is the general superintendent. They have made a drift opening into a fine piece of coal, averaging from six and a half to eight feet in thickness. They are shipping and manufacturing coke, having now thirty ovens in blast, and are grading for a plant of eighty more. They are shipping about ten cars of coal daily to Philadelphia for steam purposes, and will increase the output as fast as openings are made. They employ about fifty-five men at present. The miners receive thirty-eight cents per ton for oven coal and forty cents per ton for shipping coal. THE ST. CLAIR COAL AND COKE-WORKS This is also a new opening, recently made by a Pittsburgh company, Preston, Davis & Co., with Mr. Matthew Preston in charge as superintendent. They have fifty coke ovens up, thirty of which are in blast, and Mr. J. C. Watt is working on a contract of twenty more. Their mine is entered by a slope, the coal averaging from six and a half to seven and a half feet. They will also ship coal. About twenty miners are at work, and others will be added as fast as room can be made. The coke will be shipped to the different works of the company. THE MILLWOOD COAL AND COKE COMPANY. The chutes of this company are at Millwood Station, seven miles east of Latrobe. The mine is located back about three miles from the road, and is reached by a tram-road over which a small locomotive brings the coal. Mr. Albert Ford has charge, and has made many improvements during the year, among which was a change in the mining cars. Formerly the large cars that were run to the chutes were sent down the shaft and to the rooms for loading. This he has changed by putting in the regular mine-wagon and dumping into the other cars at the top, enabling them to get the coal forward with more speed. New steel rails are also being laid on the tram-road. The un- 412 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. derground works, in charge of Mr. John E. Morrison, are reached by a shaft two hundred feet deep. They have experienced considerable trouble with water and faults, causing heavy expense, but they have now got them in good shape, being dry throughout the workings. A large pump is placed near the bottom of the shaft which will throw three hundred gallons of water per minute. The very best of machinery has been erected, and everything is working smoothly. The works are kept running steadily the year round, and just at present are well supplied with orders, shipping coal to Philadelphia. They also supply the locomotives on the Pennsylvania road, which requires a large amount of coal day and night. A number of comfortable houses have been built near the shaft for the accommodation of the employes. Several new blocks were built during the summer. About one hundred and twenty men are employed in and about the works. The miners receive forty cents per ton, for run of mine, the coal ranging from five to six feet in thickness. IRWIN REGION. The appearance of the coke region along the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad is thus described by a stranger : " Five miles west of Greensburg are the dominions of the Penn Gas-Coal Company, where the railway runs alongside another little stream. Here they get the gas-coals that are shipped over the mountains to supply the Eastern cities. The mining is done by shafting on an extensive scale, the coal being raised to the surface by steam-power and loaded in cars for shipment. Branch lines of railway extend through the hills in all directions to the mouths of the shafts, and from Penn they will ship a thousand tons a day. Thus we run through the gas-coal region, through Manor, which is located on one of Penn's original manor tracts, past Shafton and Irwin. Here are more lands of the Penn Company, and also mines of the Shafton and Westmoreland Coal Companies. The entire region is full of coal cars, mines, and shafts, while the little streams, in the yellow hue of their beds, show the presence of iron springs. Within a space of ten miles along this part of the railroad will be mined and sent to market probably a million and a half tons of gas-coal annually. Irwin is probably the chief village of this great settlement. The surface land is fertile, but the coal-mines do not permit a great amount of cultivation, though some good farming is done. As we run swiftly by these great coal measures there are also lines of smoking coke-ovens, and the railway occasionally darts through a short tunnel. There is a big nest of coke-ovens at Larimer, a mile beyond Irwin. " Running a few miles farther we come to Walls, where they make up the accommodation trains, for the suburbs of Pittsburgh, fifteen miles from that city. As at Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania Railroad here runs a great number of local trains for the accommodation of suburban residents, and the railway is dotted at every mile by pretty stations. The coal mines are thick, and at Turtle Creek we enter Allegheny County, the stream alongside the road zigzagging so that we have to frequently cross it. The characteristics of Pittsburgh are evident as we approach the city through the deep valleys in the evening, amid the overhanging clouds and smoke." WESTMORELAND COAL COMPANY. The first coal mined near Irwin was in 1840, on the Steele farm, just north of the present borough, which was sold for twenty-five dollars in fee. In 1852, Coleman, Haleson & Co. (William Coleman, Mr. Haleson, and Thomas A. Scott) began mining operations, after the Pennsylvania Railroad was finished to Pittsburgh. In 1855 this firm was succeeded by J. Edgar Thomson and Thomas A. Scott, who, in 1857, sold out to the Westmoreland Company then organized. The first superintendent was William F. Caruthers up to 1872, when he was succeeded by the present incumbent, F. C. Shallenbarger. The paymaster from 1872 to 1877 was William F. Caruthers, then followed by the present official, G. R. Scull. The president of the company is E. C. Biddle, of Philadelphia, and the book-keeper at the Irwin office, W. C. Richey. Its mines are : 1, the Foster mine at Penn, a slope not now in operation ; 2, Shafton, employing .120 men ; 3, Shaft No. 1, near Manor, employing 300 men ; 4, North Side mine, at Irwin drift, employing 150 men ; here a locomotive runs inside of the mine and hauls the coal 1t miles; 5, South Side mine, at Irwin drift, employing 300 men ; 6, Larimer No. 1, not in operation ; 7, Larimer No. 2, drift, and runs road to the railroad on a plane, employing 85 men ; 8, Larimer No. 3, at Stewartaville drift, employing 160 men, not now running; 9, Spring Hill drift, runs coal on plane to the railroad, employing 25 men. The company has in all about 1200 men in its various works, offices, etc. Its annual product of coal is 480,000 tons, mostly shipped eastward and for gas purposes. PENN GAS-COAL COMPANY was organized as a corporation in 1857, and its first mine opened at Penn Station. It was a slope mine, but is not now in operation. The company still keeps its shops at Penn Station for rebuilding and repairing its cars, etc. Its second mine is Coal Run, a drift in North Huntingdon township, in full running, with 250 men. It is located just north of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and is reached by a branch railroad. Its third mine is Shafton No. 1, three-eighths of a mile east of Irwin; and employs 250 .men. The fourth mine is Shaft No. 2, one mile south of Irwin, on the Youghiogheny Railroad, employing 250 men. This railroad from Irwin to intersect the Pittsburgh Division of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Sewickley was built in 1873 by this company, which still owns and operates it. The fifth, mine, Shaft No. 3, at Mar- COKE. - 413 chand's Station, on Youghiogheny Railroad, is not now in operation. The sixth mine, Youghiogheny, No. 4, is at the junction of the Youghiogheny and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, is a drift, and employs 250 men. The annual product of this company is over 500,000 tons of coal, chiefly shipped to the Eastern markets, and for gas-coal purposes exclusively, save what is used by its railroad. Its first superintendent was Emmett McGowan, but its present incumbent, William Wilson, has been in office since 1862, and has been connected with the company since its organization, twenty-five years ago. The president of the company is F. A. Dingee ; Secretary, S. T. Billmyer ; and its Board of Directors are F. A. Dingee, of Philadelphia ; Mr. Richey, Trenton, N. J. ; Dr. David Hostetter, of Pittsburgh ; H. Stiles, and Mr. Hooker. Its chief engineer is John F, Wolf. It pays for mining coal seventy cents per ton, save at Baltimore and Ohio Junction (Sewickley), where the miners rdceive three and a half cents per bushel. The company has erected at its mines substantial buildings and neat dwellings for all its employ& It employs between twelve and thirteen hundred men in various capacities, and with the Westmoreland Company form the two largest coal companies (bituminous coal) in the State. SEWICKLEY REGION. Probably one of the richest coal-fields in Pennsylvania, and consequently in the United States, is located in Sewickley and adjoining townships. In Sewickley township alone there are eight thousand acres of the Youghiogheny or Pittsburgh vein, or the six-foot vein, of coal for sale. The Youghiogheny vein of coil underlies the whole of Sewickley township. Underneath this vein lies another vein of varying thickness, from ten to thirteen feet. There are from three to four thousand acres of the six-foot vein already purchased by capitalists. Of the ten-foot vein there is yet none on the market, so that of this vein there are from eleven to twelve thousand acres awaiting the hand of capital to turn it into riches greater than the wealth of Cronus. Including these two veins this one township contains more than twenty thousand acres, all of which can be had for a reasonable price, and some of which can be had for a trifle. It is a noticeable fact, and one painfully felt by some of the large companies, that every attempt so far to strike the " drawing point" or basin of the coal hat been a failure. The Penn shaft is not far from one point of it, and another point is on the Yough River, above West Newton. A line from one of these points to the other it about on the plane of the coal basin. The point where it strikes the Little Sewickley Creek, being a little above the point where the Mount Pleasant and Pittsburgh pike crosses it, is the principal point. This point is likely crossed by another depression of the coal, running at right angles to the former. The Yough coal is known to be the best coal of its kind in the - 27 - market. Why companies will mine such coal as is mined in some of the northern counties of the State, and in some parts of adjoining States, while such vast quantities of the best are lying here, doing the country no more good than the millions of dollars of gold stored away in iron vaults, is not explainable. The first mine opened in this township was that owned by the late Charles Armstrong about thirty years ago. It was opened by the Fulton Brothers, now of Irwin. Then William Hays and Thomas Moore each opened works on the Yough. Then came the works along the Central Railroad, and on the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad. The Hempfield Railroad was projected and partly built in 1853 and 1854 This road would have tapped the centre of the entire field, running as far as Wheeling. That company, however, was unable to build the road. The Penn Gas-Coal Company attempted to get at the heart of this field by building the Youghiogheny Railroad, but only partially succeeded. A railroad constructed to the very centre of this coal-field would furnish tie means to almost double the coal production, and add immensely to the value of the State. COKEVILLE REGION. Concerning the extensive coke-works of the Issbella Iron Company at Cokeville, Westmoreland Co., the following appeared in Seward's Circular of a recent date : "The extensive coke-works belonging to this company are situated near the eastern terminus of the Western Pennsylvania Railroad, in Westmoreland County, just across the Conemaugh River from Blairsville, Indiana Co., at distance of sixty miles from the blast-furnaces. At this point over six hundred acres of coal have been purchased, and a considerable extent of surface property. The number of ovens at present built is two hundred, which are of the ordinary ' bee-hive' type, thirteen and one-half feet In diameter, and seven feet from hearth to crown, built of lire-brick laid in loam. One hundred and sixty of these are disposed in a line along the side of an ancient bank of the river, and are bound together in front by stone wall three feet thick, laid in mortar, with openings for the working doors, the sides of which are protected by iron frames. Ths upper surface of this wall is on ulevel with the top of the ovens. The side of the hill, which has been cut down vertically in order to prepare the foundation-bed for the ovens, forms this back wall, and all the space around and between them is filled with earth. When the ovens are working the door is closed with a temporary brick wall. "The yard in front of the ovens falls two feet in its width of forty feet. Its lower side is sustained by a retaining-wall two and one-half feet thick, in front of which, and eight feet below its upper surface, run the broad-gauge coke tracks, two in number, which connect with the main road. "An immense amount of excavation and embankment was required in constructing the oven-yard and the roadway for the coke tracks. It was endeavored, as far as possible, so to locate the line that the former should furnish sufficient material for the latter, and so successfully was this accomplished that no barrow-pits were found necessary. "Owing to the intersection of the side hill by a ravine it became necessary to separate the remaining forty ovens from the others. They were therefore placed In a line on the farther aide. The coke track being brought across the ravine upon trestle-work, was continued along in front of the ovens, and to some distance beyond them as ' spur' track. "On a terrace above the ovens, at nearly the summit of the bank, is a line of trestle-work, between the consecutive bents of which coal-bins are constructed capable of holding about one hundred and fifty bushels of coal. The coal is brought from the mines, about a mile distant, in small mine-cars, holding about thirty bushels apiece, hauled by a light locomotive over a narrow-gauge (thirty-six inches) track, which is continued out over the trestle-work. The cars discharge their load at the 414 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. bottom into the bins, which are provided with doors at the side opposite to the centre of the ovens, from which the coal is let into the opening at the top of the ovens as desired by means of iron chutes. In this way all unnecessary handling of material is avoided. The narrow-gauge railroad is model of neatness in construction, and on its way to the mines passes over a bridge and trestle-work nearly forty feet from the ground. " Upon the top of the hill, above the ovens, is a reservoir built of brick, forty-two feet in diameter and six feet deep, capable of holding sixty-two thousand gallons, which is filled with water from the river by a large Cameron pump. On the bottom land below the ovens a number of blocks of houses and a large store have been erected for the use of the miners and coke-burners, and already quite respectable village is springing up in the vicinity. "The coal seam now worked is the Pittsburgh or Connellsville, which is hers over six feet thick, quite pure, and exceedingly soft and bituminous in its nature, containing thirty per cent. of volatile matter and sixty per cent. of fixed carbon. It is intersected by two distinct planes of cleavage at right angles to each other, technically termed the line of butts' and the line of the face. The bearing of the latter is here N. 72̊ W., or nearly perpendicular to the line of upheaval of the Allegheny chain. It had the same bearing at Connellsville, end at Innis' Station, at the mines of the Pennsylvania Gas-Coal Company, bore N. 62̊ W. "Each oven is charged with one hundred and twenty-five bushels of coal, and yields one hundred and forty to one hundred and fifty bushels of ooks, the operation lasting thirty-six hours, one hundred ovens, or half the entire number, being discharged and recharged every day. The coke produced is very hardlind compact, and steel-gray in color, containing from ten to fifteen per cent. of ash, and very closely resembling the Connellsville coke, which has been proved to contain an equal amount of ash. "About fifteen thousand bnehels of coke can be produced per day. This is brought to the furnace in cars of plate iron and of wood, holding from six hundred to six hundred and fifty bushels apiece. "Car-loads of this Doke have been sent to Omaha and Salt Lake City for use in smelting-works." CHAPTER L. CIVIL HISTORY, STATISTICS, AND MISCELLANEOUS. Changes in the Territorial Limits of Westmoreland prior to the erection of Washington and Fayette Counties—Purchase of 1784, and changes in Township and County Lines subsequent thereto—Mississinawa Township—Election Districts, 1881—Tables of Population—List of Judges, Associates, Justices, and County Officers—County Expenses—Big Frost of 1859—Centennials of 1873 and 1875—Resolutions of 1875. WE shall now touch upon the changes which have been made in the civil and political history of our county since it embraced the whole of Western Pennsylvania claimed by the Penns. By the purchase of 1768, as we have seen, the line of the Allegheny Mountains, as it now divides Bedford from Somerset, Blair from Cambria, and thence runs in an irregular line through Centre County, and so on to the Susquehanna, was the line which marked the eastern side of the purchase. From that date, Nov. 5, 1768, those parts of Western Pennsylvania which acknowledged the authority of the Penns was under the civil jurisdiction of Cumberland County, that county being A that time the westernmost county of the Province, and on the frontiers in this direction. When the county of Bedford was created by act of Assembly, March 9, 1771, for erecting a part of the county of Cumberland into a separate county, the reason assigned was " the great hardships the inhabitants of the western parts of the county of Cumberland lie under from being so remote from the present seat of judicature and the public offices." The boundaries of Bedford embraced in turn the entire southwestern portion of the Province, from the West Branch of the Susquehanna and the Cove (or Tuscarora Mountains) westward to the Ohio or Virginia line. When Westmoreland was formed out of Bedford, Feb. 26, 1773, it was separated from Bedford by the line of the Laurel Hill and Allegheny Mountains. 1 These were its nominal boundaries, not increased or extended until in 1785, when part of the purchase of 1784 was added to the northern side, but against that time, as we shall see, some alteration had been made on its southern and southwestern boundary by the erection of new counties. After the southern line of Pennsylvania had been determined and designated, the Legislature proceeded to organize the country thus detached from Virginia into a new county. This county thus taken off Westmoreland was the county of Washington, and it was created by act of March 28, 1781. It was bounded by Virginia on the south and west, the Ohio River on the north, and the Monongahela River on the east. The severance of Washington County from the parent county was no loss. The region of country that was embraced within its limits was, as a matter of fact, never a part of Westmoreland. The Mason and Dixon line was not run farther west than Dunkard Creek till 1767, and this was the trivial and flimsy pretext for the lawless community gathered there to avoid civil and military obligation, the payment of taxes, the support of the Continental government, and the cause of independence, and it gave them time and prolonged the opportunity of making and hoarding the money they made by selling their whiskey and cattle to the half-clad militia under Brodhead, to erect school-house , attend church meetings, and murder Indians whom they beguiled into their cabins for the scalp bounty. The larger proportion of their early men distinguished for worth and humanity were of Virginia extraction, and were of a different race than the great majority of its inhabitants of that period. This region west of the Monongahela was for all general purposes, as we said, outside of Westmoreland. It might be thala few living near the borders of the rivers were amenable to the civil obligations resting upon them as citizens of Westmoreland. Some of them sat on the grand jury, but the most apparent evidence of their being a part and parcel of the political division of which they had legally been made a part, which is to be seen among the judicial records of the parent county, is in the list of slaves which 1 The commissioners appointed "to run, mark out, and designate the boundary lines between the said counties of Bedford and Westmoreland" were Abraham Keble, Thomas Smith, and Alexander McClean. CIVIL HISTORY, STATISTICS, AND MISCELLANEOUS - 415 their slave-holding inhabitants were obliged, by act of Assembly, to have filed in the Court of Sessions. But as a people or an integral part they were connected with the early county history of Westmoreland little more than the red men beyond the Allegheny.1 It must not be taken either that Westmoreland had an actual or even a territorial jurisdiction over that I part of Pennsylvania which was beyond the limits described in the terms of the purchase of 1768. Fayette County, by act of Assembly of September the 26th, 1783, was erected out of Westmoreland, with the Youghiogheny between as the division line, to which that part of the county now northeast of that river was added by the act of Feb. 17, 1784. The jurisdiction of Westmoreland over the southern part of Fayette County prior to the running of the Mason and Dixon line was merely nominal. The only territorial alteration made in the matter of townships within that part of Westmoreland which was now made Fayette County was in the erection of the two townships of Wharton and Franklin. At January sessions, 1781, the court erected Wharton township, and then also in 1783 at the July sessions. In these cases the boundaries are different, and it is probable that the first order was inefficacious and did not operate. The date of 1783 is the one Judge Veech, a very good authority, gives for its formation. Little mention is made in the court records of the townships of Wharton and Franklin further than the names given of the constables and overseers of the poor. The first notice of officers exercising their functions is at July sessions, 1780, when the constables' names are given for the townships before mention is made of their existence. Curiously, too, the word "Franklin" was first written " Frankland," then afterwards overlined and corrected. 2 1 The territory of that which by the act of its erection was made Washington County was, according to all evidence, a part of the district of West Augusta. In 1720 Spottsylvania County was taken from West Augusta, with Williamsburg as its county town. In 1734 Orange County was taken from Spottsylvania, and comprised what is now known as Western Virginia. When in 1738 Frederick and Augusta Counties were erected from Orange, Auguste County was to constitute all that portion of Virginia west of the Blue Ridge. Then in 1774, Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, organized a county at Fort Pitt, which was claimed by Virginia. On Nov. 8, 1776, West Augusta was divided into the three counties whose mune, are familiar to us,—Yohogania, Ohio, and Monongalia Yohogania County embraced tbe northern part of the Washington County oi 1781, Ohio County the southern part, and Monongalia a large part of Fayette. In 1778 the lines of these three counties were adjusted by committee of which William Crawford was one. 2 The office of sheriff was held by appointment until 1839, when it became elective. For more than three years after Fayette became a separate, county it remained under the jurisdiction of the sheriff of Westmoreland. Reference to this, as well sato the fact that the other county offices were at first held in common with Westmoreland, is found in the following extracts from letters written by Ephraim Douglass to President John Dickinson, of the Supreme Executive Council, viz: " UNIONTOWN, February 2, 1784. “. . . From an unhappy misconception of the law for dividing Westmoreland, this county has not an officer of any kind except each as were created or continued by the act or appointed by the Council. Denied a separate election of a member in Council and representative in Assembly Wheatfield township, erected in the northern part of Ligonier Valley, and subsequently stricken off when Indiana County was formed, is first named in October sessions of 1780. 2 till the general election of the present year, they unfortunately concluded that this inability extended to all the other elective officers of the county, and in consequence of this belief voted for them in conjunction with Westmoreland" " UNION TOWN, 11th July, 1784. "SIR,—In obedience to the commands of your honorable Board of the 5th of June last, I take this opportunity of informing Council thet there has yet been no sheriff for the county of Fayette separate from that of Westmoreland, the sheriff of that county continuing to do the duty of that office in this as before the division, and no bond has been taken for his performance of it in this county distinct from the other. . . ." At the time of the erection of Fayette County, Matthew Jack was sheriff of Westmoreland. On the 28th of October, 1783, Robert Orr was appointed by the Court deputy sheriff of Westmoreland, to act as sheriff of Fayette. He continued to act in that aspacity till the appointment of James Hammond as sheriff of Fayette. The following from the Fayette County records bears upon the first iron suspension bridge ever erected : March 12, 1801.--The commissioners addressed a letter to the commissioners of Westmoreland County on the subject of a proposed iron bridge across Jacobs Creek. April 9, 1801.—Letter received from the commissioners of Westmoreland, requesting a meeting of the two boards, with Col. Isaac Matson, on the bank of Jacobs Creek, on the next following Tuesday, " to consult and complete contract relative to James Tinley, Fag, undertaking to erect an Iron Bridge over Jacobs Creek, and it is agreed that John Fulton and Andrew Oliphant proceed to business." April 14, 1801.—The commissioners of Fayette and Westmoreland Counties met and completed contract with James Finley to build a bridge supported with iron at or near Isaac Meason's, over Jacobs Creek, for the sum of six hundred dollars one-half to be paid out of the treasury of Fayette, and one-half out of the treasury of Westmoreland. The bridge to be "a patent iron chain suspension" structure of seventy feet span, and to be completed ready for use on or before Dec. 15, 1801. This bridge over Jacobs Creek, on the turnpike road between Connellsville and Mount Pleasant, was the finst iron suspension bridge erected in the State of Pennsylvania. The plan on which it was built was invented and patented by Judge James Finley, of Fayette County. Another bridge of this kind was built a few years later over Dunlap's Creek at Bridgeport. The plan, however, proved defective and the bridges unsafe, the one last named falling under the weight of team and ordinary wagon-load, after having been in use less than ten years. Corroborating our statement is the following authority: JAMES FINLEY, THE INVENTOR OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES.—The American Railway Time contains the following bit of history: " In an old book occurs the following sentence. The invention of suspension bridges by Mr Samuel Brown sprung from the sight of spider's web banging across the path of the inventor, observed in a morning walk, when his mind was occupied with the idea of bridging the Tweed. The artifice of the web which really guided Sir Samuel Brown was the American engineer. James Finley, of Fayette County, Pa. He, in the year 1796, built the first regular suspension bridge acmes Jacobs Creek, on the turnpike from Uniontown to Greensburg, in this State. He obtained the first patent on this object from the government of the United State's, and the book, Treatise on Bridge Architecture, by Thomas Pope, published in New York in the year 1811, spread its ingenious invention all over the whole world. Some English and French authors, and even Pope, tried to diminish Finley's merits by attributing this invention to the Chinese and Indians, but these people used only ropes or common chains fastened to the trees, and the path W Ila directly on the catenary, without suspending floor." 3 At the January sessions, 1781," On motion the Court do hereby erect that part of West'd Co. Included within the following Boundaries into a Township, that is to say, Beginning at the west side of the Monongahela River, at the mouth of Peters Creek, thence up the said Creek to the Head thereof, !hence with a straight line to the Head of Saw-Mill Creek, thence down Saw-Mill Creek, thence up the Ohio River to the mouth of Monongahela, thence up this last River to the Place of beginning, and to hereby name the same Wharton.' Lodowick Louderback appointed 416 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. PURCHASE OF 1784. In October, 1784, after the close of the Revolutionary war, another great and now a final treaty was held between Pennsylvania and the natives. This was the treaty of Fort Stanwix. The commissioners at this treaty purchased the residue of the Indian lands within the limits of the State. The chiefs of the Six Nations put their marks to the deed Oct. 23, 1784 ; the Wyandots and Delawares confirmed the deed early the next year. The last accession of territory was called the "New Purchase," a designation used specifically to distinguish it, although the same designation had very generally been applied until this time to the purchase of 1768. Part of this purchase of 1784 was added to Westmoreland, for up unto this time the region north and west of the Allegheny River, and north of a straight line from Kittanning eastward, was never within or of Westmoreland. That part lying beyond those rivers to the north and west was then known, and long after continued to be known, as the " Indian Country." The region now known and included in the counties of Butler, part of Armstrong, Clarion, Jefferson, and half of Clearfield was not open to settlers until the date of this treaty, October, 1784. Therefore the jurisdiction of Westmoreland over those parts is not to be named. One incident of this treaty was the settlement of the northern part of the boundary line of the former treaty of 1768, which had been in doubt and mistake. These bounds between Northumberland and Westmoreland were ascertained April 8, 1785. This new region began to be speedily settled, but the settlers were much harassed and lived far away from law. In 1788, September the 24th, the county of Allegheny—in the act spelled Allegany—was erected out of portions of Westmoreland and Washington. The line dividing Allegheny from Westmoreland is this : " Beginning at the mouth of Becket's Mill Run, on the Monongahela River, in a straight line to opposite the mouth of Sewickley Creek, on the Youghiogheny River ; thence from the mouth of Crawford's Run, on constable and John McDermot and James Holliday, overseers of the poor for said township." At this court was Franklin township (in Fayette County) also organized. The record is as follows: "The Court, considering the large extent of the Township of Tyrone, do hereby erect that part of the said Township lying south of Yohogania River into a separate Township, hereafter to be called 'Franklin.' " Samuel Sword was nominated constable, and Matthew Wyley and James Patterson, overseers of the poor. July sessions, 1783. "The Court taking into consideration the extent of Springhill township, and finding it too large and inconvenient, proceeded to divide the same and to lay off a New Township, Beginning where Mason dr Dixon's Line intersects the top of the Laurel Hill, thence along the summit of said Hill to Yohogania River, thence along said River to the State Line, thence along said line to the place of Beginning, and call, and to be known.by the name of, Wharton Township. "Constable of said Twp., Andrew McCrary. "Supervisors " " James Dougherty, Moses Hall." said river, to the mouth of Brush Creek, on Turtle Creek ; thence up Turtle Creek to the main fork thereof; thence by a northerly line until it strikes Puckety Creek." The commissioners to run the boundary lines between the counties of Washington, Allegheny, and Westmoreland were Eli Coulter, Peter Kidd, and Benj. Lodge. The return as above given, signed by Eli Coulter and Benj. Lodge, is of record in the recorder's office of the county. It was certified Dec. 24, 1788. From Puckety Creek to the Kiskiminetas the Allegheny River divides the counties. Westmoreland still continued to have territorial jurisdiction over the region north of the Kiskimin- . etas, which is now embraced within the counties of Armstrong and Indiana, until those counties were erected, Armstrong by act of March 12, 1800, and Indiana by act of March 30, 1803. This region was largely colonized and populated by emigrants from Westmoreland. Colonies went out from here after the date of the New Purchase and settled throughout all the northern parts thereof, and particularly along the Allegheny River. By this severance the townships of Armstrong and Wheatfield were totally taken from the mother-county. This was not fully consummated till act of 30th of March, 1803, erecting Indiana County, when the Kiskiminetas was made the dividing line between those counties to the north and west and to the south. By this same act Indiana was annexed to Westmoreland for.j udicial purposes, and the courts of Westmoreland were to levy and collect the taxes. By act of 10th of April, 1806, it was declared a part of the Tenth Judicial District. 1 This was the last inroad made on the territory of the original Westmoreland. By the loss of these various portions of territory the county lost the whole of the townships of Springhill, Manallin, Tyrone, Wharton, Franklin (in Fayette), Armstrong, Wheatfield, and part of Pitt and Rostraver. The township of Wheatfield had been erected early in the history of the county. At a court held at Robert Hanna's on the second Tuesday of April, 1776, it was ordered that the line between Fairfield and Donegal should be the Laurel Run, the run next Ligonier, this side Robert Laughlin's plantation, and adjoining the same. The court also ordered that that part of Fairfield township, beginning at Galbraith's Run near his house, being the same house that John Hinkston formerly occupied, to the west side of Squirrel Hill, should be erected into a township and to be called Wheatfield, and the run should be the division line between the same township and Fairfield. 1 The counties forming the district were Somerset, Cambria, Indiana, Armstrong, and Westmoreland. The boundary line between Westmoreland and Somerset was ascertained March 29, 1798, and that between Weetmoreland and Fayette was accurately fixed March 1, 1806. CIVIL HISTORY, STATISTICS, AND MISCELLANEOUS - 417 The townships in the county after Fayette was erected, 1784, were Fairfield, Donegal, Huntingdon, Mount Pleasant, Hempfield, Rostraver, Armstrong, Derry, Wheatfield. In 1801, while yet Westmoreland extended beyond the Kiskiminetas, by its jurisdiction over Allegheny township, the court erected the township of Conemaugh, as will be seen by the record at June sessions, 1801, which is as follows : " On petition for. the division of Allegheny township.—On the petition of a number of the inhabitants of Allegheny township, in the county of Armstrong, within the jurisdiction of Westmoreland, praying for a division of said township, as the same in their opinions is too extensive for township officers to do their duty therein, and suggesting the following boundaries for a new township, viz.: Beginning at the Allegheny River, thence up the Kiskiminetas River, being the line of Armstrong County, to the corner of said county line, thence along the east line of Armstrong County to the old purchase line, thence along the old purchase line to the Allegheny River, thence down said river to the place of beginning. Which said petition being read and continued under advisement, September sessions continued, December sessions. 1801, the court confirms the aforesaid division, and direct that part adjoining to the Cone-=ugh River to be hereafter known by the name of Conemaugh township. The present townships in Westmoreland which by name were created at the organization of the county are Hempfield, Fairfield, Donegal, Rostraver, Mount Pleasant, and that part of Huntingdon which is now designated as North Huntingdon. The first township erected within the limits of the county as it is now—and henceforth in this chapter in speaking of the bounds of the county we have reference to its present bounds unless otherwise noted—the first township erected was Derry, in April, 1775; then follow in order Washington, in July, 1779; Franklin and Salem, some time between 1785 and 1790, the exact date being uncertain ; Unity, in January, 1789 ; South Huntingdon, 1790 ; Allegheny, June, 1795 ; East Huntingdon, 1798 ; Ligonier, 1822 ; Loyalhanna, 1833 ; Sewickley, 1835 ; Burrell, 1852; subdivided into Upper Burrell and Lower Burrell, 1879 ; Bell, 1853 ; Cook, 1855 ; Penn, 1855 ; and St. Clair, 1856. MISSISSINAWA TOWNSHIP. There was a township of short existence and of no history created by act of Assembly, which act was repealed within three years thereafter. This township —Mississinawa—was a separate election district in the election of 1847, and polled 175 votes, and by the census of 1850 it contained a population of 862. The following is its legal existence and boundaries : By the act of Assembly, 16th of March, 1847, the limits contained within the following boundaries were erected into a township, to be called MISS ISS INANA-WA, to wit: Beginning at the mouth of Myers' Run, on the Big Sewickley Creek ; thence embracing the farms of Adam Vandyke, Henry Dougal, Robert McGuffey, John J. Robertson, Adam Pose (formerly J. Robertson, Jr.), Robert Boyd, Thomas Hannah, Paul Warden, Henry Shupes, Wible farm, George Hough's property, Thomas Williams, Thompson lot, Charles Hewitt's property, Boy & Wallace's, McKey property, Smith's part of the Bennett farm, and Samuel Smith' property, on the Youghiogheny River ; thence down said river to the West Newton borough line; thence round said line to the river; and thence down said river to the mouth of the Big Sewickley Creek ; and thence .up the same to the place of beginning ; and the qualified voters therein were thereafter to hold their general and township elections at the house of William Miller, in said township ; that at the election to be held on the third Friday of March, 1847, William Plumer was to act as judge, and William Ross and John Frick as in. spectors. This act was repealed by act of 25th of February, 1850. ELECTION DISTRICTS. By act of Assembly of 13th of September, 1785, Westmoreland was divided into the following election districts, and the places of holding the elections were designated : "The elections for the county of Westmoreland, which for that purpose is divided into five districts, shall be holden at five places, to wit : "The freemen of the said county who reside on the north side of the Kiskiminetas and Connernauch, being the first district, shall hold their elections at the dwelling-house of Samuel Dixon. "The freemen of the said county bounded by the Laurel Hill, Coons-mach, the Chestnut-ridge, and Fayette County line, being the second district, shall hold their elections at the house occupied by William Jameson. " The freemen of the townships of Huntingdon and itastrover, being the third district, shall hold their elections at the dwelling-house of William Moore, in the township of Baatrover aforesaid. "The freemen of the township of Fort Pitt, being the fourth district, shall hold their elections at the dwelling-house of Devereux Smith, in the town of Fort Pitt. "And all the freemen residing in the said county who are not included in the aforementioned districts shall hold their elections at Hanna's Town." The act of 19th September, 1786, changed the place of holding the elections from Hanna's Town to Greensburg by the following enactment. "WHEREAS the commissioners who were appointed to ascertain and fix the proper place for holding the courts of justice, etc., etc., have fixed that the same courts be hereafter holden at Greensburgh, otherwise Newton : Be it enacted, etc., That Greensburg shall hereafter be the place of election of the Fifth district of Western County, and that at all future elections for the same county the electors residing within the same district shall attend and vote at the court-house in Greensburg aforesaid; and that the returns to be made of inspectors elect be made at the said court-house in Greensburg, and not at Hanna's Town." By act of 29th September, 1789, all that part of Rostraver township which remained within the county of Westmoreland was erected into a separate election district, known by the name of the Fourth District, and it was lawful for the freemen of the said district to meet at the house occupied by Samuel Wilson to vote. 418 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. By the same act the parts of Huntingdon and Franklin townships remaining within the county after the division line was run between Allegheny and Westmoreland were annexed to the Fifth District, and were to vote at Greensburg. By act of Assembly of 29th of September, 1779, it was said that, " Whereas the inhabitants of Derry township are subject to great difficulties in crossing waters, and attending the place of their election at so great a distance, and have expressed a desire of being erected into a separate district, therefore be it enacted that the said township of Derry is hereby erected into a separate election district, and that it shall and may be lawful for the freemen of said township to meet at the house now occupied by Moses Donald, and there give in their votes at the general election." In 1823, fifty years after the organization of the county, there were but seventeen election districts in it, and of these some three had been erected by the act of the Legislature preceding, namely, Youngstown, Ligonier, apd Salem. The election districts were the following : Greensburg, Hempfield, Unity, Mount Pleasant, Mount Pleasant District, Salem, Rostraver, Washington, South Huntingdon, Fairfield, Ligonier, Franklin, North Huntingdon, Donegal, Allegheny, Youngstown, and Derry. ELECTION DISTRICTS AND PLACES OF VOTING FOR THE FALL ELECTION OF 1881. For Adamsburg Election District and borough, at the public school-house in Adamsburg. For Alters District, at the house of the late Jacob Alters, in Derry township. For Allegheny township, at the house of William Yogle in Shearersburg. For Bolivar borough, at the house of D. Coulter, in said borough. For Burrell township, Lower Burrell District, at school-house No. 5. For Upper Burrell District, at the house of Jacob H. Byerly. For Bell township, at the carpenter-shop of Labana Carnahan, in the village of Perrysville. For Coketon Election District, at Coketon schoolhouse, Derry township. For Derry Election District, at the house of Frederick Wineman, in New Derry. For Derry Station Election District, at the public school-house at Derry Station. For Bradenville Election District, at the shoe-shop of David Braden, in St. Clair City. For Donegal borough and township, at the public school-house in said borough. For Cook township, at the house of George Campbell, in said township. For Fairfield township, at the house of John Graham, in West Fairfield. For Franklin township, as follows : In District No. 1, or " Sardis District," being all that part of Franklin township lying within the following boundaries, to wit : Commencing at the Allegheny County line on land of Peter Dice, near the tenant-house now occupied by John Beighley, Jr. ; thence by lands of said Peter Dice, Samuel Watt, Armstrong Wilson, Reuben Walp, William Morgan, John Remaley, Jr., and Jacob Dible, southeast course to bridge on lands of said Jacob Dible ; thence east through lands of William Morgan, Anthony Remaley, John W. Elwood, and David Steele to line of Washington township, on lands of James C. Christy ; thence by line of Washington township to Allegheny County line at Hamilton's mill ; thence south by line of Allegheny County to place of beginning. The place for voting will be at Sardis public school-house. In District No. 2, or " Murrysville District," being that part of Franklin township embraced within the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning on the Allegheny County line on lands of Peter Dice, near the tenant-house now occupied by John Beighley, Jr. ; thence southeast by lands of said Peter Dice, Samuel Watt, Armstrong Wilson, Reuben Walp, William Morgan, John Remaley, Jr., and Jacob Dible to bridge on Murrysville and Poke Run road ; thence south through lands of said Jacob Dible, Jacob Hall, Anderson's heirs to a post near barn of said Anderson's heirs ; thence southwest through lands of said Anderson's heirs, Josiah Glunt, George Hobaugh, Michael Haymaker, heirs of George Haymaker, Richard Coulter, David Keister, and Jackson Keister to the line of Franklin and Penn townships ; thence by said line and Lyon's Run to the mouth of Lyon's Run ; thence north by the line of Allegheny and Westmoreland Counties to the place of beginning. The place for voting will be the Murrysville schoolhouse. In District No. 3, or Manor Dale District, being all of Franklin township not included in the above-described districts, the place of voting will be at Remaley's mill. For Greensburg borough, at the court-house. For Hempfield Election District, at the courthouse in Greensburg. For Huntingdon East (which has been divided into the east and west election districts by the line of the Southwest Pennsylvania Railway), at the public school-house (No. 7) at Stonerville. For Huntingdon North (First District), at the school-house in the village of Jacksonville. For the Second District, called the Larimer's District, at the store-house of J. S. Thompson, at Larimer's station. For the Third District, called Shafton District, at the school-house at Shafton Station. For Huntingdon South, at school-house No. 10. For South Huntingdon township, Wayne District, at public school-house No. 2, in said township. For Irwin borough, at the public school-house. CIVIL HISTORY, STATISTICS, AND MISCELLANEOUS - 419 For Kuhn's Election District, at the house of Mathias Bridge. For Latrobe borough, at the public school-house in said borough. For Ligonier borough and township, at the public school-house in said borough. For Livermore borough, at the public schoolhouse. For Loyalhanna township, at public school-house No. 1 (Carson's). For Ludwick borough, at the new public schoolhouse now being constructed. For Madison borough, at public school-house in said borough. For Mount Pleasant borough, at the Church Street public school-house in said borough. For Mount Pleasant North Election District, at the Ridgeview school-house in said district. For Mount Pleasant South Election District, at the Texas public school-house. For New Stanton Election District, at the public school-house at New Stanton. For New Alexandria borough, at the public schoolhouse. For New Florence borough, at the public schoolhouse in said borough. For North Bellevernon borough, at the public schoolhouse in said borough. For Penn borough, at the public school-house. For Penn township, at the public school-house in Harrison City. For Parnassus borough, at the public school-house. For Rostraver township, as follows : In District No. 1, or " Cross-Roads District," at the public school-house at " Cross-Roads." In District No. 2, or " Concord District," at the Concord" public school-house. In District No. 3, or " Webster District," at the "North Webster" public school-house. In District No. 4, or " Lagrange District," at the "Lagrange" school-house. For Salem Election District, at the house of Robert Job, at Harvey's Five Points. For Salem borough, district, and balance of township, at the building owned by said borough, and known as the weighmaster's house in said borough. For Sewickley township as follows : The First District (called Sewickley), at the tenant-house belonging to the United Presbyterian Church. The Second District (called Youghiogheny), at school-house No. 1 in said district. The Third District (called Logan), at a tenant-house of Samuel Smith, in the occupancy (at present) of N. N. Fullerton. For St. Clair township, at the house of Widow O'Connor, in New Florence. For Scottdale borough, at the public school-house. For Pleasant Unity Election District, at the public school-house in Pleasant Unity. For Washington township, at the house of David Walters. For West Newton borough, at the West Newton council-rooms. For Youngstown Election District and borough, at the public school-house in said borough. POPULATION OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY. The following table exhibits the total population of each township and borough in Westmoreland County according to the census of 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850:

TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850
Adamsburg Borough Allegheny Derry Donegal Franklin Fairfield Greensburg Borough Hempfield Huntingdon East Huntingdon North Huntingdon South Ligonier Borough Ligonier Loyalhanna Mount Pleasant Borough Mount Pleasant Rostraver Salem Borough Salem Sewickley Unity Washington West Newton Borough. Mississinawa New Alexandria Borough	..... ..... 2380 2147 1542 1973 685 3444 1267 2345 1656 ..... ..... ..... ..... 1780 1786 ..... 1518 ..... 2174 1695 ..... ..... .....	..... 1388 2301 2564 1757 2685 770 3885 1383 2217 2004 ..... ..... ..... ..... 2060 1679 ..... 1965 ..... 2438 1478 ..... ..... .....	..... 2058 3890 2052 2168 2422 810 4565 1516 3170 2294 ..... 1916 ..... ..... 2381 1721 ..... 2294 ..... 2990 2153 ..... ..... .....	..... 2642 3722 2261 2320 2035 800 4772 1776 1878 2793 294 2204 1130 554 2123 1880 204 1892 1573 3003 2004 ..... ..... 427	263 3329 5567 2527 2560 3352 1051 5935 1873 2570 1470 378 2582 1258 534 2578 2087 299 2065 1689 4152 2076 771 862 .....

TABLE OF POPULATION IN 1860 AND 1870. As the enumeration districts were different at these censuses this table is given separate from the others :

	1860	1870
Allegheny Township Burrel Township Bell Township Cook Township Donegal Township Donegal Borough Derry Township New Alexandria Borough Franklin Township Bolivar Borough Fairfield Township Greensburg Borough Hempfield Township Adamsburg Borough Huntingdon East Huntingdon South Irwin Borough North Huntingdon Latrobe Borough Ligonier Township Ligonier Borough Livermore Borough Loyalhanna Ludwick Borough Mount Pleasant Borough Mount Pleasant Township Penn Township Penn Borough Rostraver Salem Borough Salem Township St. Clair Township New Florence Borough Sewickley Unity Township Youngstown Borough Washington West Newton Borough	1888 1779 901 1043 } }1389 } } 4703 1760 } } 2014 1388 } }5686 1915 2264 } }2798 758 } } 2730 165 867 299 } }2690 } }|2109 2450 } }2551 } }956 1936 } }3760 1389 949	1710 1819 810 878 {1122} {155} {4959} {305} 1797 {298} {1597} 1642 {5590} {229} 2134 2210 {833} {3493} 1127 {2434} {317} 211 814 533 {717} {2549} {2424} {820} 2786 {448} {2124} {777} {333} 2372 {3624} {301} 1416  819	178 dec. 40 inc. 91 inc. 163 dec. 112 dec. 561 inc. 37 inc. 119 inc. 252 inc. 134 inc. 182 inc. 54 dec. 1528 inc. 369 inc. 21 inc. 46 inc. 43 dec. 234 inc. 300 inc. 1145 inc. 336 inc. 21 inc. 154 inc. 436 inc. 165 inc. 27 inc. 42 inc.
Total Increase in 10 years	53,304	58,699 5,395

420 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The total population of the county in 1790 was 16,018 ; in 1800, 22,726 ; in 1810, 26,392 ; in 1820, 30,540 ; in 1830, 38,500 ; in 1840, 42,699 ; in 1850, 51,726. POPULATION OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY BY THE CENSUS OF 1880. TOWNSHIPS. There are twenty-three townships, with the following population, which includes all the villages that are located within the boundaries of each, viz. :

Derry North Huntingdon Hempfield East Huntingdon Mount Pleasant Unity Sewickley Roetraver South Huntingdon Penn Ligonier Allegheny Salem Franklin Fairfield Washington Cook Donegal Bell Lower Burrell St. Clair Upper Burrell Loyalhanna	6964 6341 6286 4404 4224 4079 3469 3231 3005 2809 2848 2060 1831 1704 1612 1604 1256 1242 1064 940 795 714 848
BOROUGHS
1. Greensburg 2. Latrobe. 3. West Newton 4. Irwin 5. Scottdale 6. Mount Pleasant 7. Ligonier 8. Penn 9. Ludwick 10. New Florence 11. Parnassus 12. Salem 13. Bolivar  14. New Alexandria 15. Youngstown 16. North Bellevernon 17. Adamsburg  18. Madison  19. Donegal 20. Livermore	2500 1813 1475 1444 1278 1197 635 604 603 532 520 460 378 335 294 208 199 190 183 164

From the foregoing it will be seen that Greensburg stands at the head of the list of boroughs in regard to population, and Latrobe stands second, and that Derry township stands at the head of the list of townships, North Huntingdon second, and Hempfield third. VILLAGES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR POPULATION

Derry Station 1 Bridgeport Webster Westmoreland City Suterville South Side Village Hahntown Texas Wardentown Shafton Bunker Hill Paintertown Pleasant Unity Harrison City St. Clair Gibsonton Salina West Latrobe Spring Garden Millwood Circleville Jacksonville Grimtown Fairfield New Stanton Paradise Lockport Kelleytown Grapeville Murrysville East Greensburg Stewartsville Ragentown Perryton

777 635 560 527 493 484 432 410 359 343 327 299 298 247 221 180 172 159 163 150 149 132 128 119 118 110 105 99 92 81 53 44 33 29

Thirty-six villages not named,—Stahlstown, Laughlinstown, Mechanicsburg, Waterford, Seward or Verona, Lucesco, North Washington, McLaughlinsville, Markle, Shearer's Cross-Roads, Mendon, Bethany, West Overton, Hannastown, Mansville, Bottsville, Hillside, Cokeville, Congruity, Newlensburg, Chartiers, Smithton, Middletown, Oak Grove, Jones' Mills, Laurelville, Stonerville, Tarr's Station, Bull's Head, Painterville,—the populations of which are not separately given, which makes sixty-six villages in this county. In the foregoing table the population of some of the townships is made up of villages and of the country, In order to show what villages are accounted to make 1 Incorporated a borough since census was taken. up the total, the following table with explanation is given : Names of villages are indented and placed under the township in which they are respectively situated, and the population of the township includes in every case that of all villages within it. The villages mailed with an asterisk (*) are unincorporated, and their population is given only approximately, as their limits cannot be sharply defined :

Adamsburg borough Allegheny township Bell township, including the following villages   * Grimtown village      Perrytown village   * Salina village Bolivar borough Cook township Derry township, including the following villages   * Derry Station village   * Millwood village   * St. Clair City village Donegal borough Donegal township East Huntingdon township, including village of Reagantown   * Reagantown village Fairfield township, including the following villages.   * Fairfield village   * Lockport village Franklin township, including village of Murrysville   * Murrysville village Greensburg borough Hempfield township, including the following villages   * East Greensburg village   * Grapeville village   * Paradise village   * Stanton village	128 29 172 777 150 221 33 119 105 81 53 92 110 118	199 2030 1064 378 1256 6964 183 1242 4404 1612 1704 2500 6286
Irwin borough Latrobe borough Ligonier borough Ligonier township Livermore borough Lower Burrell township Loyalhanna township Ludwick borough Madison borough Mount Pleasant borough Mount Pleasant township, including the following villages   * Bridgeport village   * Bunker Hill village   * Spring Garden village   * Texas village New Alexandria borough New Florence borough North Bellevernon borough North Huntingdon township, including the following village   * Circleville village   * Hahnstown village   * Jacksonville village   * Kelleytown village   * Paintertown village   * Shafton village   * Southold village   * Stewarteville village   * Wardentown village   * Westmoreland City village Parnassus borough Penn borough Penn township, including village of Harrison City   * Harrison City village Rostraver township, including the following villages   * Gibsonton village   * Webster village Salem borough, or New Salem Salem township Scottdale borough South Huntingdon township St. Clair township Sewickley township, including the village of Suterville   * Suterville village  Unity township, including the following villages   * Pleasant, Unity village   * West Latrobe village Upper Burrell township Washington township, including the village of Paulton   * Paulton village West Newton borough Youngstown borough	635 327 153 410 149 432 132 99 299 342 484 44 359 527 247 180 560 493 298 159 90	1444 1813 634 2646 164 940 848 603 190 1197 4224 335 532 208 6341 520 604 2809 3231 460 1831 1278 3005 795 3469 4079 714 1604 1475 294

Dr. To whole amount of money received from all sources CR. By amount paid on county orders By amount paid on poor-house orders Treasurer's commission Balance in treasury DR. To balance in treasury at last settlement To amount received from collectors for 1881 Pursuant to election laws, 1881 To outstanding taxes for years 1876, '78, '79, and' 80 Interest on same To amount pursuant to election laws, 1879 and '80 To unseated land sales " prior to sale To docket costs per John R. Bell, clerk of courts To office rent per J. H. McCullough “ ” A. M. Sloan, from Aug. 18, 1881 To jury fees per Jas. Wilson, clerk of courts To jury fees per John R. Bell, clerk of courts To jury fees per Henry Kettering, sheriff To costs in commonwealth case per Peyton Greenlow To costs in commonwealth case per Lewis Ross To costs in commonwealth case per Peyton Greenlow To gas for use of private individuals To Ligonier bridge for use of Ligonier borough per N. M. Marker To Nine-Mile Run bridge per M. Kuhns, supervisor To Stauffer's bridge, Fayette County Received of F. C. Gay as per statement To old lumber To fines per Henry Kettering	$71,755.96 62,216.79 3,463.02 15,322.48	$152,76825 $53.096.93 73,653.22 46.48  21,174.62 292.74 140.70 624.97 278.10 33.55 15.00 28.00 112.00 124.00 96.00 139.00 13.79 25.00  9.00 60.00 100.00 26.50 1,824.65 4.00 800.00
		$152,768.25
CR By amount paid Assessors and assistants Auditor of State account Auditors of county account Bridge-building and repairs Blank books and stationery Court Expenses: Boarding jurors Commonwealth costs Copying testimony and stenographing Constables' quarterly return District attorney's fees Pay of grand and travers jurors Jury commissioner, J. Long “ ” “ W. Chambers Clerk to jury commissioner, W Keener, 1876 Prothonotary's fees Clerk of courts Tipstaves and court-criers Sheriff's fees and boarding prisoners               Election Expenses : Ballot-boxes. Fuel and light for holding elections Pay of election officers Constables attending election Registry of voters Commissioners' Pay : Henry Keeley John H. Townsend William Taylor Commissioners' Clerk : D. Musick COMMISSIONERS' COUNSEL V. E. Williams Edgar Cowan (extra) A. M. Sloan County Engineer : W. F. Miller		$1,454.50 47.00 600.00 25,691.86 719.24 11.05 2,866.41 1,148.07 676.53 446.00 11,566.87 146.14 141.54 24.00 9.95 653.11 1,249.50 2,131.15 $9.00 210.00 2,305.76 417.20 1,375.33 780.00 755.00 760.00 800.00 232.71 50.00 59.71 167.00
Janitor : C. Wanamsker Commissioners' expenses Compensation of poor-house directors (extra) County Institute Court-House Expenses Court-house and jail repairs Coke and coal Gas for court-house and jail Architect for court-house and jail Prison Expenses : Guarding jail Medical attendance Shaving prisoners Inquest on dead bodies Horse and livery hire Judgment in Common Pleas, J. J. Wining vs Westmoreland County Merchandise, clothing, bedding, and medicines for prisoners, etc. Miscellaneous Road and bridge views Redemption money and tax refunded Road damages Rewards State tax (extra for 1879 and '80) Transcribing records (commissioners' office) Transcribing unseated land records as per act of 1869 (J. W. Wilson) Transcribing fees on unseated land sales Transcribing fees on widows' appraisement docket (J. W Wilson) Telegraphing Maintenance at Pennsylvania Reform School Western Pennsylvania Hospital Allegheny County work-house		450.00 81.10 300.00 200.00 1,590.15 509.86 99.05 1,076.00 268.50 85.00 16.90 88.18 35.00 521.92 349.79 21.96 708.48 200.31 153.60 106.24 562.67 417.00 542.00 238.87 320.00 15.43 1,019.00 433.51 867.85
Printing and Advertising Westmoreland Democrat Pennsylvania Argus Tribune and Herald J. J. Wirsing, for advertising lands in which sales were revoked Road and school-tax on unseated lands Refunding orders Fox-scalps Poor-house orders out of county fund as per poor-house statement Treasurer's commission on $75,000 at 3 per cent Treasurer's commission on $58,972.75 at 1½ per cent Extra commission on poor-house orders as treasurer of poor fund Extra commission on poor-house statement Balance in treasury		415.84 189.10 390.92 23.75 687.71 9570.64 219,20 62,216.79 2,250.00 884.58 311.08 27.36 15,322.48
		$152,768-25