500 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. on an uninclosed common, and where the graves were not inclosed by a durable wall or palings they were trodden upon by cattle or overrooted by the swine. The erection of the new Presbyterian Church on the ground of the congregation on South Main Street, and the bad condition of the burying-ground itself, led to the formation of the St. Clair Cemetery Association, from which enterprise we have the only public place of recreation and resort in the town, and the chief object of interest to point out to strangers. On the west side of the town, now its most populous suburb, there were but two or three log houses. Ludwick Ottoman, a man who lived and died a Dutchman, owned the Stokes farm and most of the land upon which Ludwick is built. His log house, which stood near the future site of the residence of the late William A. Stokes, Esq., was entered by a double door, hung the one above the other, like the doors a of stable. His Sunday dress was a red-flannel wambus, or roundabout, made out of a woolen blanket. There was, it is true, but somewhat later, a house of some repute on the summit of Bunker Hill along the turnpike. It was a wooden structure, lathed and plastered on the outside. It was later known as the Bushfield tavern, when it was to Greensburg what Belmont was to Venice. At Henry Barton's blacksmith-shop in East Greensburg the rough-visaged, brawny-armed men, like the Cyclops toiling at the forges, yelled like savages around a stack of heating tires, beat the horses with their rasps, and drew out of the white fire the seething plow-irons. From early in the morning till late at night the bellows were creaking, and it was a favorite place for countrymen to loiter and lazy men to gather to watch the sparks fly " like chaff from the thrashing-floor," and be in awe of the most extensive Manufacturing establishment in the town. Some of the old inhabitants, natives of the town, can go along and point out where was once the site of the house or the abode itself of her great burghers, whose reputation is as much identified with the town as the fame of Pericles is identified with Athens, or that of Lycurgus with Sparta. Thus on the site of the public hotel latterly well known as the " Richmond House," and now the property of Mr. Samuel Alwine, was the residence of John B. Alexander, Esq., whose monumental tablet in the St. Clair Cemetery epitomizes the history of his life. " He was a distinguished member of the bar, his knowledge and talents placing him among the first of his profession. He served his country as an officer in the late war with Great Britain." Judge Young lived in a long, low-fronted, white-colored house, whose floor in time had sunk below the level of the pavement, on the corner opposite on the north side of Main Street, the lower house on the square since known as the Burnt District, which is now covered with the gigantic piles of iron, stone and brick masonry which go to make up the Kuhns Block and Masonic Hall. Dr. Pos tlethwaite resided in a house opposite the Alwine Hotel and diagonal to Judge Young's house. Judge Coulter, then a practicing lawyer, lived in a house and had his office whose site is now covered by the building of the Greensburg Banking Company. THE PEOPLE AND THEIR OCCUPATIONS. We have halted midway in the chronological history of the county town merely to get a glimpse at the people who then did business in its shops and who walked about its streets. These memoranda are taken from the local notices or made up out of the advertisements which appeared in the county papers about the dates given. From a card in the Gazelle, Nov. 7, 1823, J. B. Alexander and Joseph H. Kuhns entered into a partnership as attorneys and counselors-at-law. It is also seen that James B. Oliver was established as a scrivener and conveyancer. In 1823, John Connell kept a store opposite " the market-house and stage-office." In the same year, M. P. Cassilly, Randal McLaughlin, and Henry Welty, Jr., were in partnership in the merchandising business. They dissolved their partnership in April, 1824, M. P. Cassilly continuing in business at the old place. H. Brown & Son and Mr. Mowry kept stores opposite the post-office. The Gazelle office was removed to a building between these in 1824. John Connell kept a store and advertised fancy goods. Other mercantile houses and firms then were Arthur Carr, James Brady & Co., who kept two doors north of the bank and one door south of the Westmoreland Republican, Henry Welty, Jr., and Randal McLaughlin, who continued each for himself after the dissolution of the partnership mentioned ; Edward N. Clop-per, who had just come from Baltimore, and who engaged in business in the room " below Horbach's tavern, and next door south of Simon Drum, Esq." Of other persons and trades we have these : Of hatters there were a Mr. Gallagher, John Isett, and William Findley. Hugh Stewart manufactured spinning-wheels and reels at his shop, " being the second house on the north side of the street, west of the residence of Mr. Henry Welty, Sr. James Armstrong did tailoring. George Singer was chair-maker, and also did gilding, sign-painting, and glazing. James Gemmill was a stone-cutter, and had his shop opposite the German Church. He kept grindstones on sale. Peter Fleeger kept a saddlery. Jehu Taylor had what he was pleased to call a furniture warehouse, in which he exposed to sale various articles of household convenience, in conjunction with his business of cabinet-making. In a current issue of one of these papers in 1825 there is a complaint of the scarcity of water in pumps in case of a fire. At that time they had an engine, but it was not kept in repair, and for practical purposes was regarded as useless. Samuel McCawley carded wool in an establishment GREENSBURG - 501 one door above the brick brewery, on the turnpike road. An article, a kind of political travesty, headed "Aid to the Greeks," appeared in the Gazette Feb. 13, 1824, which was signed " E. F. Pratt, Hair Dresser," and which had attached thereto the following : "Done et the Jackson Tonsorial Hall, two doors north of Mr. Edward Patchell's Jackson's Bullet-Proof and Element-Defying Hat Factory, few doors south of Beale's Arbitration and Delegation Hotel, and patent never-wearing-out brush manufactory, and in full view of the fish market. Thoee who cannot find the place will inquire at Alexander Smith's or Peter Shirai', Point Brewery. The 2d day of February, A.D. l824, and the year of the world 5824." A writer who signed himself " A Mechanick" sent a couple of articles to the Gazette in December, 1826, which were intended to start a movement in favor of a circulating library for the benefit of the laboring class. In the second article he says,—" “ In the present article I wish to imprees more fully upon the minds of our citizens the importance, nay, abeolute necessity, of entering upon some decisive measures to retain if not increase our population, and of rendering that population fit for the sphere in which circumstances have rendered it necessary for them to move. "A few weeks only have transpired since Maj. Coulter's steam-mill was put into operation, and already the increased hum of businees is apparent in the section in which the mill is located. To a casual observer this may be attributed to trivial or transient causes, which will only endure for a short semen ; but to the man of business and refection only are the true reasons and causes apparent. If, then, a steam grist-mill is materially reviving our business, snd is consequently productive of gain to a part of our population, in how much greater degree would not the establishment of different kinds of manufactories among us promote the pecuniary interests of our whole community?" .. . The writer says that Greensburg then was, and for the four years past had been, without that " useful mechanick, a nailor.'' INHABITED LIMITS OF THE TOWN. It is a singular observation, but the recollections of those older persons in the county whose attention has been directed to the Greensburg of the early times nearly all fix upon some certain date, and this date varies little from about the year 1830. The only way we can account for this is in the fact that about that time was hung Joseph Evans, an event that for many years was a subject-matter of conversation among country people, and one which had brought them to the county town perhaps for the first time in, their lives. In 1830 the population of the town was 810. The buildings for .the most part were frame or log, and the appearance of the town on the whole would bear little resemblance to it now. On the north the town extended to the house of Hon. John Latta and one• just opposite occupied by a chair-maker, Joseph Her-wig. On the south it was bounded b. the German Reformed parsonage and a house just opposite, where a tavern, not the most orderly in the world, was kept by one Mrs. Bignell. The house was called " The Sun, Moon, and Seven Stars." The sloping ground south of town was called the " Bullet Ground," because it was used, and had been so used long previously, for the manly exercise of " long bullets.' When log houses began to be erected along the road in that part of the town it received the name (about 1840) of " Kinderhook," in compliment to Martin Van Buren, whose birthplace had that old Dutch name. West Pittsburgh Street, then called " Dutchtown," was terminated by the blacksmith-shop of Tim Jennings, somewhere about the foot of the street, on the side opposite the residence of Mr. Cowan and some-, 'what below it. The hill west of it was then known as "Bunker Hill," probably in ridicule, for there was a riotous tavern on the top of the hill, where cocks, dogs, men, and other game animals fought, sometimes for money and sometimes for recreation. There were no houses on the hill but one, a frame/ house, opposite the house built by Judge Burrell, and now owned and occupied by Hilary Brunot, Esq. This house was occupied by John Williams, whose son, William Williams, was well known in his day as an efficient deputy and clerk in the public offices. East Greensburg, or " Irishtown," ended at the then new brick steam-mill of Eli Coulter, brother of Judge Richard Coulter. This mill was one of the first steam-mills in the county. It was nearly opposite the residence of William H. Hacke, Esq. West Ottoman street ended at the stone house which was burnt down a few years ago, and on the site of which has since been erected the United Brethren Church. This house was a very old one, having been used as a tavern in 1797. About the time of which we write it was kept by David Cook, once register and associate judge and the grandfather of William Cook, Esq., a gentleman in his day quite a politician in Westmoreland, and later a citizen of Washington City, where he has attained some reputation in a wider sphere as a politician and a lawyer. East Ottoman Street was ended by the brewery of John and Richard North, two Englishmen. This was at a point probably halfway between Main Street and the end of East Ottoman, at the foot of the hill. TAVERNS AND LANDLORDS. At that time the canal of the State and the National road from Wheeling to Baltimore had not been completed, and so a stream of travel—wagons, heavy and light, carriages and horsemen—passed through the town, and the taverns were well patronized. There were three principal taverns on Main Street,—the "Simon Drum House" (corner of Main and West Pittsburgh Streets, opposite the court-house), the " Horbach House" (corner of Main and East Pittsburgh Streets, and opposite the Baughman building), these two in the centre of the town, and the " Westmoreland Hotel," owned and then kept by Frederick A. Rohrer. The Horbach House was the house where the mail coaches stopped, Mr. Horbach being an extensive stage proprietor and mail contractor. The Rohrer House, best known by that name, was Democratic headquarters. 502 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Other houses there were, but none of so wide and extended reputation, nor of so long continuance. A house whose reputation was founded on the name of the landlord was an institution not of a day's growth. Among these the house opposite the store of Mr. Henry Welty (southest corner of Main and East Ottoman Street) was used a tavern, and kept by a man named Job Hornish. It was much frequented by drinking mechanics and working-men. On West Ottoman Street, on the corner of Depot Street (upon the site now occupied by the residence of W. H. Markle, Esq.), was a tavern. It was the only tavern in Greensburg at that time where broad-wheeled wagons stopped. These usually passed through to the " Eicher House," about a mile east of the town on the turnpike, or to Grapeville on the west side. This wagon-tavern had been kept by Griffith Clark, father of Capt. Samuel Clark, of Mount Pleasant. He died in 1829, and was buried with full Masonic honors. " The brethren of the mystic tie" attended the funeral in full dress, and at their head marched the Hon. John Young, president judge, with a book in his hands. The tavern was afterward kept by Brintnal Robbins, Peter Row, and Joseph Nicewonger. In " Dutchtown" there was an inn kept by John Kuhns. The citizens of German descent at that day were very clannish, and so the " Kuhns House" was a favorite stopping-place with the Dutch who held Democratic opinions. In " Irishtown" there was a good tavern, called " The Federal Springs," owned and kept oy Frederick Mechlin. The politics of the tavern were just the opposite to those of the Kuhns House, but in both the language spoken was mainly " Pennsylvania Dutch." We have spoken of the " Drum House," and we might further say that although the house went by that name, as it had for years before and as it did for years after, Mr. Drum was not at that time the innkeeper. This was a man named Ephraim Jordan. Simon Singer kept the " Greensburg and Pittsburgh Hotel." The " Dublin Hotel" was an Irish house, kept by a man named Thompson, and stood on " Green Lane," the street from Caleb Stark's towards the railroad. Snowden's printing-office was in an alley back of Baughman's building, and that of John W. Wise was on the corner of East. Ottoman Street going toward the cemetery on Maple Avenue. THE YOUNG "HOODLUMS" OF OLD TIMES. In those days some of the young men of the town were of wild habits. They much resembled the bloods of London, described by Liddell and Macaulay, who infested the streets of the metropolis during the shameless days of the Restoration. They had their secret societies, their cat-calls, and their signs. Every boy who came to study a profession, to learn a trade, or attend the academy was initiated by coal-housing. Any young man who kept the society of young ladies was tabooed by these old-time " hoodlums," as it was a sign of effeminacy. Temperance habits were with them an excluding sin. A young man was lampooned in the columns of the county papers, and jeered at on the streets, nicknamed and talked about, if he in the' least slighted these larks and habituated himself to quiet occupation, to temperance, and to close application to his studies. One of these young men, lampooned by the " hoodlums," became a celebrated physician by hewing his way up from a saddler's apprentice. He completed his studies under Dr. Postlethwaite, and located in South Carolina, where he achieved distinction in his profession. Another timid young man when he came to town to read law, was chased about all night to be coal-housed. He is now on the Supreme Bench of one of the Territories. Many of these roystering young men subsequently settled down into quiet habits, and became the leading men of their localities, while others became nobodies, and were glad in after-years to receive any kindness from those they had in years gone by insulted. SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL-HOUSES. In speaking with a gentleman familiar with the subject of schools in the early Greensburg, he said that the schools there, as he first knew them, about 1830 might be distinguished by the degrees of comparison, as much, more, most. Thus Miss Lydia Biddle taught much, Robert Nelson Somerville more, and Thomas Will most. In 1829, on the site where now stands the Methodist Church, on Main Street, there stood an old log house owned by Dr. Postlethwaite. In this house Lydia Biddle taught the rudiments of an English education. At Miss Biddre's school were taught the children of Dr. Postlethwaite, Rev. Michael Steck, Alexander Johnston, Michael P. Cassilly, and other citizens. After having been lugged, shaken, and cuffed by the tender hands of Miss Lydia Biddle, the children were presumed to be far enough advanced for the flagellation of Robert Nelson Somerville. On the public common, at a short distance north of the end of East Ottoman Street, and west of the Presbyterian Meeting-House, the citizens of Greensburg had at a very early time erected a low, one-story log house, wherein the ordinary branches of an English education should be taught. There is a diversity of opinion who the first schoolmaster was, and this in all probability will remain a question unsettled till the crack of doom, and be rated in the category of unanswerable queries, of which one of most universal is that one which is raised as -03 the identity of the individual who struck Billy Patterson. This first school-house was erected, as we have said, on the public common, and but a short distance from the elegant spring now within the inclosed limits of the St. Clair Cemetery. It was a cabin house of rude structure, about eighteen by twenty-four feet, one GREENSBURG - 503 story high, with shingle roof. The furniture consisted of wooden belches of oak plank, of lengths corresponding with the size of the room. The writing-desks were made of broad inch boards, which were fastened to the inside walls of the building, and extended around the room. The light and ventilation were admitted to the promiscuous crowd of girls and boys through several small eight-by-ten-light windows. Mr. Silliman, the county superintendent in 1876, who made up the local history of the common-school system for the report of that year, says that a man by the name of Roseberry began teaching a school in this building. This school was made up by subscription, and consisted of possibly above fifty scholars, of coarse varying in summer and winter. Among the other early teachers were James O'Harra and Robert Williams. Williams taught for a long period, and his labors extended possibly down to 1816 or 1817. After Williams came Gideon H. Tanner, a teacher of high qualifications and training. He introduced various improvements in the school and the branches taught, and brought the system of teaching nearer to that which is now maintained in the common schools of the county than any other. Among the first schoolmasters here was Samuel L. Carpenter, afterwards county surveyor, State senator, sheriff, and associate judge. In 1829, as we said, the schoolmaster was an Englishman named Somerville. The schools then were all maintained by subscription. On the supposition, we presume, that he had advanced to the second degree of comparison, our informant was removed from the school of Miss Biddle to that of Mr. Somerville. The dominie was a tall, straight, stern-looking man, with a thin, shallow face and overhanging black brows, under which gleamed two savage eyes. He dressed in taste and in first-class style,—black frock coat, cravat, and standing collar. His whole appearance and manner inspired awe and respect. After the scholars were seated, he passed around and inquired what books they had brought to school. These were indeed a queer collection, for they included all school books, such as Dilworth's and Murray's Readers, the Old and New Testaments, Plutarch's Lives, and Æsop's Fables. He evidenced great discretion in arranging his scholars into classes, and in making them conform to a regular system in classification. Somerville enforced strict discipline in his school. Every Saturday afternoon he brought in his bundle of rods. Somerville left Greensburg suddenly, and nothing was heard of his whereabouts afterwards. He, however, left the reputation of being a good scholar, and among the learned men of the town he was regarded as the best informed. He had evidently been the 1 graduate of a British University, and probably had been an usher in a High School. Such, as far as we have been able to learn, were the facilities for a rudimentary education prior to the efficient common-school system. For a more advanced education it was still customary to be a pupil of some educated clergyman, who found it expedient to teach private schools, until the establishment of the Greensburg Academy. THE GREENSBURG ACADEMY. At an early period of its municipal existence the education of the rising generation was regarded with deep interest by the citizens of Greensburg. At the beginning of the present century several schools of different grades imparted instruction to the youth of the town and neighborhood. There were schools opened on both Academy Hill and on Bunker Hill. The Bunker Hill school was under the charge of the Rev. Milligan, whose son, also Rev. Milligan, officiated so long for the Covenanters of Westmoreland. The Academy Hill school was taught by several persons, among whom was the Rev. Cannon, who was also a burning and shining light to those of the faith who still protested against prelacy and the custom of singing psalms to worldly tunes, and who still adhered to the letter of the Solemn League and Covenant. The ordinary schools created a desire for a higher 'institution, where striplings could be prepared for college and a knowledge of the humanities be acquired. Accordingly an act of incorporation was procured from the Legislature, and in 1810 an academy was built on the hill north of the town, on exactly the same site where the present edifice has been erected. The State gave a donation of two thousand dollars towards the foundation of the institution. In 1836-37 another donation was given to it by the Legislature, in common with all the academies and seminaries throughout the State. The old academic edifice was a plain two-story brick building, with four windows and a door in the first story and five windows in the second story, at both front and back sides. There were no windows in the gable ends. There were an entrance and four rooms below stairs, and a small and two large rooms above stairs that opened into one another. The rooms below were intended for a family, the small room above stairs for the private room or study of the preceptor. One large room above stairs was used for the school-room of the girls, and the other for that of the boys. In the old academy, although they had but one instructor, the boys and girls were kept carefully separated. They had not only different rooms, but different play-grounds and different times of intermission. The act of incorporation required the dead languages and the mathematics to be taught in the academy, in addition to the ordinary parts of an English education. To this course of instruction some of the preceptors added the French language. The classical books used were the same as now used 504 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. but the editors were different. Instead of Anthon's books they used Clarke's Cæsar and the in usum Delphini editions of the classics. The English books were altogether different from those now used. The present books are more diffuse and minute in imparting information. Their object is evidently to simplify the acquisition of knowledge. Among the first teachers in the academy were Jonathan Findlay, Charles Lucas, and Thomas Will. Findlay was a brother of William Findlay, once Governor of Pennsylvania, and an uncle of James Findlay, Esq., an able and learned lawyer of the Greensburg and Pittsburgh bars. These were succeeded by James Jones, Samuel Sherwell, Farnsworth, Lathrop, Ames, Woodend, and Moore. In July, 1850, the old academy was burned to the ground. It is not known whether it caught fire by accident, was set on fire by a barbarian incendiary, or was consumed by a kind of spontaneous combustion from the excessive heat of the flames in the lamp of science. Some of the instructors in the old academy were men of natural ability and good education. Thomas Will had graduated with honor at St. Andrew's in Scotland, and James Jones had done the same at St. Omer's in France. Sherwell was one of the best and most accurate English scholars in the United States. Azer Lathrop, Farnsworth, and Ames were natives of New England, and graduates of her best colleges. Ames afterwards became a bishop in the Methodist Church. He was a good scholar and a good teacher, although it must be confessed that there were some imputations against his morals, and he is yet remembered as leading in several disreputable marauding expeditions by night, and particularly on one occasion wherein the outsiders took possession of an old building in which was being held a negro revival. The alumni of the old Greensburg Academy reflect honor on their alma mater. Among those who received a great part or all of their education at the Greensburg Academy were Henry D. Foster, Thomas Williams, of Pittsburgh ; James Reed, of Gettysburg ; Edgar Cowan, Augustus Drum, J. M. Burrell, William F. Johnston, Albert G. Marchand, Capt. Alexander Montgomery, U.S.A., J. Herron Foster, Peter C. Shannon, all distinguished citizens, and many others who have gained fame and fortune at the press and the bar, in the pulpit and in the field, and in all the higher walks of professional or active life. After the burning of the old academic building there was no place for education at Greensburg, except the common schools, for more than ten years. In the spring of 1862 the directors of the public schools in Greensburg made a contract with the trustees of the burnt academy for the transfer of the ground and funds of the extinct institution to them. The transfer was made in accordance with the provisions of two acts of Assembly. The one was a general act, which provided for the transfer of public places of education on certain contingencies, and the other was a special act passed for this occasion and this object. The ground belonging to the old academy consisted of several acres, on which it had been situated, and the funds consisted of the principal and proceeds of the donations to it, which had been invested in bank stock. It was made an essential condition of the transfer that scholars resident outside of the district of Greensburg should be received into the schools about to be established on the site of the old academy on the payment of certain proportionate sums according to the grade of the schools. Another condition was that a place and facilities should be always afforded in the building about to be erected for an academic department. After the transfer had been completed, a contract was made, in June, 1862, with two skillful artists for the erection of a suitable edifice for both schools and academy. The building was finished in 1863, and four schools or departments were opened for the education of the youth of both sexes. In 1864 there were five schools opened, and 1865 saw six departments in full operation under the care of the same number of instructors. The new academic building stands on the site of the former house. It faces to the west. Its dimensions are large, and its appearance quite imposing. Its length is between eighty and ninety feet. Its width is about sixty feet. The edifice has a flight of stone steps and a handsome porch on the west side, leading to a pair of double doors with a small vestibule between them. These open into a wide and lofty entry, with two large rooms on each side. The four rooms in the first ,story are occupied by the first four departments. In the second story are two rooms as large as those below stairs, a small room over the porch at the entrance, and a capacious, well-lighted hall. The two rooms are occupied by two remaining departments. The small room contains the library and philosophical apparatus, and the hall is intended for examinations, exhibitions, and lectures. It is a fine room, being about sixty by thirty feet. The ceiling is lofty, and the room receives light from ten windows. The laws of phonetics have been carefully observed in its construction, and a sound not above a whisper is audible in every part of it. In regard to light and ventilation, the new building is said to be far superior to the old one, and inferior to no structure in the country. There are large double doors at the east and west entrances, with porch and steps, and a large door and entrance on the southern side with covered stoop and steps. There is a large and well-aired basement, one part of which is used for wood and coal, and the other is occupied by a family, whose duty it is to cleanse the rooms and outbuildings, and take care of the plot, the house, and its appurtenances. There is a comfortable and extensive attic, and the whole is surmounted by a turret, which overlooks the country for miles around, and in which is hung a splendid fine-toned bell, whose musi- GREENSBURG - 505 cal notes can be heard all over the built-up portion of the town and its suburbs. The situation of the building is as salubrious as it is delightful. It stands on the highest ground for miles around it, and so has the benefit of all the airs of heaven. On the western side it overlooks a scope of hilly but highly cultivated country, interspersed with handsome houses, gardens, groves, and orchards. On the south the view extends over Greensburg to a fine stretch of undulating corn and meadow land until it is obstructed by the hills rising at the distance of several miles below town, or the curling smoke that lies over the constantly glowing craters of coke ovens. On the east the prospect reaches to Chestnut Ridge and Whortleberry Hills. Just below the building it presents to the eye a most attractive and beautiful landscape. In the summer, when the air is mellowed with a delicate haze, it is a dreamy and delicious vision ; and it has been said by one who saw with the eye of a poet or landscape-painter that all that is wanting to make its beauty perfect is the sparkling flow of a lucid, silvery stream of water. The plot belonging to the academy is covered with grass and ornamented with shrubbery, and its borders are surrounded with silver-maples and horse-chestnuts. The outbuildings are large, clean, and convenient. There is a cistern of soft water, and also a well of excellent limestone water, within twenty paces of the house. The academy contains a small but well-selected library, intended for the use of the scholars, and a philosophical apparatus. This consists of an orrery, tellurium, globes, telescope, microscope, magnetic needle, magnet and wheel, pyrometer, kaleidoscope, and Claude Lorraine glass. For the use of the schools a variety of maps and charts is supplied for the purpose of teaching and illustrating painting, zoology, geography, anatomy, and astronomy. The rooms are furnished with all kinds of conveniences and facilities for study and learning, such as benches and desks, with places for books, blackboards, and maps along the walls, bells to summon the scholars, clocks to tell the hour, and thermometers to regulate the temperature. The original cost of the building was $11,500. The cost of the furniture was $1000. The cost of the philosophical apparatus has been upwards of $250. The shrubbery and other improvements of the ground cost more than $500. There is now a broad brick pavement from the town past the academy grounds, and from the gate to the front steps of the building. The board of directors has drawn up, adopted, and caused to be published in pamphlet for, a system of instruction and rules for the government of their public schools. The course of study is all laid down, and the duties of teachers and pupils are enjoined in a clear and forcible manner. Some of these rules deserve commendation for the good sense, respect for the community, and sound morality exhibited in them. By section eight of chapter three teachers are enjoined to use such corporeal punishment as would be exercised by a parent in his family. By section thirteenth teachers are required to prevent, both in school and out of school, all improper games, quarrels, vulgar and profane language, and all disrespect to citizens and strangers. By section twenty-sixth the morning duties of each department shall commence with reading a portion of the Holy Scriptures and repeating the Lord's Prayer. By section second of chapter fourth pupils are forbidden to throw stones, cut or chalk fences, or use obscene or profane language under penalty of suspension and expulsion. By section tenth pupils are forbidden to eat fruit or sweetmeats in the school-rooms, and the use of tobacco in any shape is prohibited, not only in the house but on the premises. By section fifteenth any pupil guilty of flagrant misconduct, or whose example is pernicious, can be suspended by the principal and expelled by the board. By one of the rules uniform report cards must be furnished to the teachers, and these cards must be filled by them every week, so as to indicate the attendance, recitations, and conduct of the pupils. These reports are taken home every Monday by the pupils, and if not returned the next day with the signature of the parents or guardians, the pupil who makes no proper return may be excluded from his place in the schools. THE GREAT FIRE OF 1858. About two o'clock in the afternoon of Tuesday, the 21st of September, 1858, a fire broke out in a stable of Jeremiah Gilchrist on a lot back of his residence, in the lower part of the square upon which is now the Masonic building, and before it could be checked or got under control destroyed that whole portion of the square and -the residence of John M. Loor, in which was the post-office, on the corner diagonally to the Kuhns Block. The loss was estimated at $30,000, which, considering the enhanced value of real estate in town now, was at that time regarded, as it really was, of great magnitude. Much personal property was either lost by the fire or was stolen. For a long time it was doubtful whether the town could be saved, but after three hours' hard work on the part of the firemen and the citizens generally the fire was checked. The ground remained long after vacant, and presented a desolate appearance with its debris exposed. At length the first building erected in the " burnt district" was a small building used for a tailoring-shop, and the next, Gen. Foster's law-office. At length the ground changed hands, and now the finest buildings and the most costly cover the site of that former eye-sore and add greatly to the wealth and architectural beauty of the town. FIRE AT ROBINSON CORNER. On Sunday morning, 10th of October,1875, the old Robinson Corner, as it was called,—that is, the corner 506 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. now occupied by the Baughman building,—took fire and in a short time was entirely consumed. At the time of its destruction it was occupied on the first floor by William Robinson & Co., dealers in general merchandise, and by his son, dealer in grocery and queensware. The second floor was divided into three apartments, occupied respectively by J. M. Carpenter as a law-office and Joseph Greer as a justice's office, by Robert Black as a tailor-shop, and by S. Weiner, dyer and scourer. The occupants lost everything they had in the building. The fire was combatted with great energy, the two fire companies being on the ground shortly after the first alarm. The fire was checked on reaching the Baughman brick store building, adjoining the burning buildings on the north side of Main Street. This building being much loftier than those burning, having a solid wall of brick, against which the flames were powerless, and protected by galvanized iron cornices, lintels, and roofing, the flames on reaching it were fortunately controlled. GROWTH AND PROSPERITY. But shortly after the close of the late war an unprecedented demand for houses and building lots sprang up in all the business towns of the country, and Greensburg shared in this. The causes for this demand appeared to be a ceaseless torrent of foreign immigration, a rapid increase of native population, and a much larger influx than theretofore of the inhabitants of the country into our cities and towns. The reasons that of late years so strongly impel the people of the rural districts to change their locations for the more crowded life of the towns are alleged to be the revolutions in trade and employment induced by railroads, the high price of mechanical and other labor, the money made during the war, the segregation of wealth, and the great temptation for men of substance to abandon agricultural toils, invest their property in the public funds, and live at more leisure, where they have more of the conveniences of civilization and greater opportunities for enjoying social life. The present want of tenement-houses began to be noticed about this time, and more than one article appeared in the town papers in which the demand for houses was set forth and the want of a due sense of public enterprise on the part of the property-holders of the town reprehended. In the spring of 1865 in one of these papers appears, in a lengthy and sensible article on this subject, the following extract : “While other towns endeavor to increase their wealth and numbers by all kind of inducements, Greensburg seems to be destitute of that specie. of public spirit which rejoices in the prosperity and takes pride in the growth of a community. “On nearly every street in town thepe are good vacant sites for houses, or old buildings that are melees, unsightly, and unprofitable. On these vacant spaces neat and comfortable buildings ought to be erected and the old rotten buildings should be replaced by others fit for the habitation of respectable people. On Main, Pittsburgh, and Ottoman Streets there are capital vacant sites for the erection of good houses. All the environs of the town abound with places so handsome, pleasant, and convenient for dwelling-houses that almost any other community would at once appreciate them and convert them into homes for happy families." MARKET-HOUSES. Of the public buildings of the early Greensburg not the least conspicuous was the market-house. A market-house was regarded as an indispensable public building in the old colonial towns, and a visible indication of a county town. The market-house stood on the corner of the public square and on part of the ground now occupied by the court-house. It was built of brick. In a manuscript book belonging to the burgesses and Council of the borough, which is called " Laws of Greensburg," and which, besides containing some of the early ordinances of the corporation, also contains the minutes of their proceedings, we find the following insertions about the beginning of the present century : “To amount of expenditures on the market-house, as par contract with Nathan Willies. (see his account), $324 "Oct. 30, 1801. To paving the market-house and gravalling in front with stone, as per order of the burgesses to Nath. Stewart for that service, $128.50. "To taking outing the stumps, steets, and alleys as per order of the Burgess in favour of Enos Gremneer, $111. “To taking cut stamps, streets and alley; as per order in Savour of James McLaughlin, $1.50" The new market-house was opened on Tuesday morning, April 3, 1860. Visitors were much gratified with the neatness, the cleanliness of its stalls, and the systematic order in which all the arrangements had been made. The stalls were occupied by Messrs. Bierer, Landis, and Shearer. On that occasion Mr. Landis made his first appearance as a butcher in the town, and his beef was the subject of commendation. It was, however, said that the first meat was sold by Frank Shearer, and that C. H. Stark, coach and carriage-maker, was the purchaser. William Cline was appointed market clerk. PUBLIC HALLS. Mrs. Armstrong was the proprietor of the Dublin Hotel, where were held the Fourth of July celebrations and dancing-schools, at about the date of 1812. In the Register of June 11, 1812, appears the following notice : LAST NIGHT BUT ONE. THEATRE At the Dublin Hotel, Greensburg, on Friday evening, June 12, 1812, will be presented a much admired comedy, called The Prize; or 2, 5, 3, 8 Between the comedy and farce recitation, "Mary, the Maid of the Inn," written by Southey, by Mrs. Turner Comic Song,—" Thimble's scolding wife lay dead," by Mr. Williams. To which will be added a celebrated Comic Opera, called " The Wag of Windsor ; or Man of All Trades." For particulars see bills. A more advanced step had been made in the histrionic profession, or rather in the appreciation of the legitimate drama, in 1824, as will be seen in the following announcement of May 7th of that year : GREENSBURG - 507 THEATRE. Messrs. Lucas, Davis & Smith will perform the tragedy of Richard III. and the false of "Sylvester Daggerwood, or the Mid Dunstable Actor," and sing several comic songs, at Mr. Singer's Hotel. This evening, to commence at 8 o'clock precisely. In the early part of 1870 the house which had been erected by the burgesses for a market-house was purchased from them by Maj. Israel Uncapher, and by him converted into a public hall adapted to the use of public meetings, concerts, dramatic entertainments, and so forth. The innovation was hailed with the liveliest expressions of satisfaction by the people of the town. In May it was ready for occupancy, and during the second week of that month a company of traveling artists, called the " France & Lanier Combination," played to crowded houses. They put upon the boards " Lucretia Borgia," " East Lynne," and " Under the Gaslight." In the alteration made in the building the interior arrangement had been entirely remodeled. A stage, with appropriate curtains, scenery, footlights, wings, and boxes, had been erected. The dressing-rooms were underneath the stage. The walls were papered, the ceilings painted, and three tasty chandeliers appended. The auditorium was capable of seating about four hundred people conveniently and comfortably, and the entire arrangement of the seats' was such that a good view of the stage could be had from every part of it. The opening of the hall was attended with success. Under the personal management and scrutiny of Maj. Uncapher, who regulated his conduct with military strictness, the best of order was preserved at all public entertainments given in the hall while he was manager. The pleasing feature of the good order maintained at the opening performances was publicly commented on. It was said that before that the public performances given in the town had been constantly annoyed and disturbed by the pack of unruly and unwashed urchins that nightly infested the streets from dark to bedtime, who set everybody at defiance, and yelled and whistled and howled unrestrained. Until that time it had scarcely been regarded possible to keep order at any stage performance. GAS-WORKS. A new era in the progress of the town was the erection of the gas-works, which were commenced in September, 1858, and completed about the last of the next December. The lot upon which they were erected was purchased from Henry Welty, and had a front of one hundred and twenty-five feet on the turnpike, running back about two hundred and twenty-five feet to the south of the railroad. The works consist of s building sixty feet by twenty-five- feet, built of brick with a slate roof, and divided into three rooms as distinctly separate as if they were three houses. The first contains the retorts,—two benches 1 Stood on the corner of Junction and Second Streets. of' five retorts each. The middle room contains the station meter, capable .of registering one hundred thousand feet of gas. The third room contains the purifying boxes. There are four courses of metal sieves in each box, upon which lime is placed and the gas made to percolate up through it, this completing the process of manufacturing. The gasholder is thirty feet in diameter; fourteen feet high, and of a capacity of ten thousand cubic feet of gas. CEMETERIES. The largest and most beautiful of the burial-grounds of Greensburg lies adjacent to the northeastern suburbs of the town, and is at present denominated the St. Clair Cemetery. In former times a portion of this cemetery was commonly called the Presbyterian graveyard, but was properly and legally known as the Borough burial-ground. The borough obtained its title to the ground by a deed of donation from William Jack (usually called old Judge Jack) " to The Burgesses and inhabitants" of Greensburg. The deed was dated 18th of April, 1803, and was entered on pages 107 and 108 of Deed Book No. 7 of the records of Westmoreland. After a description of the bounds and quantity of ground conveyed, being one hundred and thirty-one perches, the deed recites the object of the grant in the following words : "To have and to hold the said described lot to the Burgesses and inhabitants to and for the use of them and their successors forever, to erect thereon, as soon as convenient, a house for the public worship of Almighty God, the administration of the Sacrament. of the Christian religion, and preaching from the mound Scriptures of truth, not less than sixty feet square to be set apart ss smite on the Northwesterly part of the said lot for the said house of worship and ground adjoining, and the residue of the said lot for a place of burial of the dead." Another piece of ground adjacent was donated by Judge Jack to the borough to have and to hold for purposes of education. The Presbyterians, with the consent of the other inhabitants, erected upon the first-mentioned plot a meeting-house, and so the burial-ground received the name of the Presbyterian graveyard. The old burial-ground lay upon an open common, and where the graves were not inclosed by walls or railing, or where these had fallen or were broken down, they were trodden on by the cattle and swine of the town and neighborhood. The erection of a new Presbyterian meeting-house on ground belonging to that congregation south of the town, and the making of the Central Railroad just on the northern limit of the graveyard, caused it to fall into a very bad condition of decay, neglect, and detriment, and led to the formation of an association of citizens, who, with estimable sensibility and public spirit, desired to have such a cemetery near Greensburg as would evince a decent respect for the memory of the dead, and at the same time embellish the environs of the borough and gracefully as well as fully provide for the last sad necessities of an increasing population. A subscription for money to effect the purpose:, 508 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. contemplated by the association was proposed in August, 1855, and in a very short time the sum of two thousand and forty-five dollars was subscribed. The first meeting of the subscribers was held at the office of Richard Coulter, Esq., at which a bill for the incorporation of the association was submitted and approved. The bill was passed by the Legislature, and approved by Governor James Pollock, April 19, 1856, under the title of " An act to incorporate the St. Clair Cemetery Association of the borough of Greensburg, Westmoreland Co." The first section of the act incorporates into a body politic Richard Coulter, James C. Clarke, James F. Woods, Hugh Y. Brady, Jacob Welty, John Morrison, Thomas J. Barclay, Alexander McKinney, Henry Welty, John Armstrong, John Armstrong, Jr., Samuel P. Brown, Edgar Cowan, William Jack's executors, John Loor, Daniel Kistler, Jr., David W. Shryock, William H. Markle, Matthew J. Shields, David Fulwood, Israel Uncapher, Jacob Turney, James Todd, Will A. Stokes, John H. Lied, William A. Cook, Robert Graham, Harriet McClelland, Lewis Trauger, Andrew Graham, J. Heron Foster, and Philanthropy Lodge, No. 225, Ancient York Masons, together with all others who may become owners of burial-lots in the St. Clair Cemetery. The third section empowers the association by its directors to receive all gifts, devises, bequests, and donations of property for the use and benefit of the association, to purchase and hold real estate to the amount of twenty acres in connection with the burial-ground in which the remains of Gen. Arthur St. Clair are interred, to divide their ground into plots and lots, and sell to individuals, societies, or congregations. It also provides that lots granted by the association shall not be used for any other purpose than burial, and that they shall be forever exempt from seizure and sale by virtue of any execution, attachment, or other process against the grantees, their heirs or assigns. The sixth section empowers a majority of the burgesses and assistant burgesses of Greensburg to convey by deed of indenture in fee simple forever to the St. Clair Association for the use of the cemetery the ground conveyed to the borough of Greensburg for religious and burial purposes by William Jack, Esq. The seventh section declares that the real estate of the St. Clair Association shall be exempt from taxation, and that no street, lane, road, railroad, canal, or other highway shall ever be laid out through the grounds of the same, except by the authority or consent of the association. The other sections relate to election of directors and government of the association. After the organization, James F. Woods, acting under authority from the directors, obtained from the burgesses of Greensburg a conveyance of the old borough burial-ground, and of the abandoned borough school-house and lot adjacent to it, in accordance with the provi sions of the act of incorporation. The directors then purchased nine acres of ground on the south side of the Central Railroad, adjoining and surrounding the old borough burial-ground. They procured the services of John Chislett, Esq., under whose direction and according to whose plans the grounds were surveyed and laid out by J. Chislett, Jr., and J. Alexander Coulter. The directors then proceeded to grade, fence, build, and plant, on which operations from time to time they have expended some four thousand dollars. The grounds are divided into four sections, A, B, C, and D. In section A there are ninety-eight lots, in Section B, which includes the old burial-ground, there are seventy-four lots, in C there are one hundred and fifty-seven, and Section D is not yet subdivided, but is much larger than the other sections. The ground on which the old meeting-house stood is not divided into lots, but is reserved for the erection of a free chapel, according to the intention of the original deed of gift made by Judge Jack. The lots contain from one hundred and fifty to six hundred square feet, and are in price from twenty-five dollars to one hundred dollars. More than eighty lots have been already sold. There is a large lot intended as a place for general burial at a small price for each interment. There is a Potter's Field where strangers and others without means are buried, and also a free lot for the colored people. The directors have tecently bought fifteen acres on the north side of the railroad. A part of this is high ground. It ascends the Academy Hill to a point nearly opposite the Catholic graveyard, and overlooks the surrounding country. The directors have tendered a site on the grounds of the cemetery to the Westmoreland Soldiers' Association, who design erecting a monument to the memory of the soldiers from this county who fell in the recent civil war. In 1865, Joseph H. Kuhns, John Armstrong, Jr., James C. Clarke, Richard Coulter, Joseph Gross, and John Kuhns, Sr., formed the board of directors, and the organization of the association was the same as when the act of incorporation passed the Legislature. The ground of the St. Clair Cemetery declines with an easy descent from the north and south. From the entrance on the west the gradation eastward is moderately equal until a little distance past the middle part, when it descends with rapidity to the eastern limit. The view is confined on the west and north by the town and the Academy Hill, hut on the east and south it is pleasant and beautiful. The cemetery is surrounded with a fence of palings, with a double gate for carriages, and one gate on each side of it for persons on foot. A well-graded carriage-road winds between the different sections, with footwalks diverging from it between the subdivisions. The whole surface, except the spaces occupied by tombs and monuments, is verdant with grass or roseate with red clover. Along the southern limit of the grounds, near the road or street, are rows of half-grown and GREENSBURG - 509 full-grown silver-maple and silver-poplar trees, and interspersed over all the cemetery is a variety of trees, shrubs, and flowers, whose verdancy agreeably contrasts with the whiteness of the tombstones and monuments. A house built of brick, with a walled fountain of excellent water and a garden, stands in the southwest corner of the cemetery grounds, intended for the use of the sexton. There is a nursery of silver-maples belonging to the association, and intended for the use of the directors in planting and adorning the grounds, but the trees, shrubs, and flowers used to hedge and ornament lots and graves by private persons have been mainly furnished by Mr. Cline. The perennial plants within the inclosure of the cemetery are Norway spruces, Scotch firs, blue spruces, cedars, boxwood, and three kinds of arbor-vitæ,--Chinese, Siberian, and American. The deciduous trees are catalpas, larches, weeping-willows, silver-maples, silver-poplars, horse-chestnuts, mountain ashes, sugars, and Lombardy poplars. The hedging of the lots is all done with boxwood and Siberian and American arborvitae. The flowers and shrubs are roses of all varieties, rockets, magnolias, violets, verbenas, mignonettes, touch-me-nots, dahlias, pinks, pansies, creases or nasturtiums, myrtle, and thyme. Besides a number of very handsome gravestones, the St. Clair Cemetery contains twenty-three monuments. The material of the most of them appears to be fine and costly, and the cutters of the monuments are among the best in the country. Some are from the chisels of Struthers, of Philadelphia, and Colville and Anderson, of Pittsburgh ; but the stately and beautiful monuments over Capt. Ed. H. Gay, Priscilla Bierer, John Morrison, and Anne Brady were cut by Lewis M. Cline, of Greensburg. These are very well executed, and on comparison will be found fully equal to those cut in the two great cities of the State. Although the monument over St. Clair has often been described, and although it is of common stone, and not of marble, yet as he who lies beneath it was the first in birth, rank, and historical importance of all the dead in the burial-place, as his monument was first erected, and as he gave name to the cemetery, it is nothing but proper to describe it before giving imperfect delineations of some of the most remarkable stones in the graveyard. The monument of St. Clair stands in the southern part of the cemetery, near the main carriage-road, and about half-way from the eastern and western limits. It is on a plot hedged with arborvitae, except on the side that opens southward to the road. It is some twenty feet high, and is made of ordinary stone. It is composed of some three compartments, each one consisting of base, die, and cornice, rising above one another, and is surmounted by an urn. On the south side of the die of the second division of the monument is this inscription: " The earthly remains of - 33 - Maj.-Gen. Arthur St. Clair are deposited beneath this humble monument, which is erected to supply the place of a nobler one due from his country. He died August 31, 1818, in the 84th year of his age." On the opposite side is this inscription : " This stone is erected over the bones of their departed brother by the members of the Masonic Society resident in this vicinity." Other Monuments. —Not far from St. Clair's stands a monument over Maj. John B. Alexander. It consists of a common stone base, marble pedestal, and square pillar, with ornamented capital and urn on the top of it. To the top of the urn it is some eight feet from the ground. The inscription says that " be was a distinguished member of the bar, that his knowledge and talents placed him among the first of his profession, and that he served his country as an officer in the late war with Great Britain. Obiit 1840." A little to the eastward of St. Clair's monument lies the lot of the Coulter family of Greensburg. A tasteful monument of moderate size rests over the mother of the deceased Richard Coulter, Esq. The inscription on it is said to have been written by Judge Coulter himself. It is the best epitaph in the whole cemetery. On the south side are these words : " Here lie, awaiting the resurrection of those who die in the Lord, the earthly remains of Mrs. Priscilla Coulter, wife of Eli Coulter, Esq., who departed this life 15th of July, 1826, aged 75 years." On the north side is this inscription: " The tears which sorrow sheds, the flowers that affection plants, and the monument gratitude rears soon pass away, but the deep memory of maternal kindness, piety, and virtue survives over death and time and will last while the soul itself endures." A few paces from this place three graves lying closely together, marked by low marble head- and foot-stones, and covered with myrtle, show where sleep Eli Coulter and Rebecca, his wife, parents of Gen. Dick Coulter, and his uncle, Richard Coulter, Esq. On .the southeast corner of the lot stands a cenotaph or monument in memory of those who are buried near to it. It is stately and beautiful, formed of marble, and consists of lower base and tablet, pedestal, and fluted column, surrounded with an amulet, and finished with a capital. On the north side is this inscription : " Eli Coulter, died April, 1830, aged 39 years ;" on the west side, " Rebecca, wife of Eli Coulter, died August 7th, 1854, aged 66 years;" and on the south side, " Richard Coulter, late Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, died April 20th, 1852, aged 64 years." Above this last inscription, on the cornice of the pedestal, are sculptured a scroll, sword, and fasces without an axe. On the south side of the square capital is sculptured in relief the name " Coulter." One of the finest monuments in the cemetery has been erected over the father and mother of Dr. John Morrison and Mrs. Jane Graham, of Greensburg. It 510 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. is some fifteen feet in height, and consists of plain stone base and tablet and marble pedestal and square pillar with capital. On the west side of the shaft is the name " Morrison," encircled in a wreath cut in relief. On the same side on the die is this concise inscription : " John Morrison, died January 27, 1821, in the 71st year of his age." Below are the words : "Rebecca, relict of John Morrison, died July 14th, 1854, in the 87th year of her age." In a plot marked by low marble pillars at the corners and arborvitæ on the sides lies buried the old and well-known merchant, Jacob Welty. His place of interment is known by a plain head-stone, but a valuable monument to his memory rises in the centre of the allotment. The lower part is of coarse sandstone, and the upper part of fine marble. On the east side of the shaft is the name " Welty" in relief surrounded by a wreath. On the die is an inscription as plain and unostentatious as the person it commemorates: " Jacob Welty, died April 30th, 1864, in the 73d year of his age." A monument from the chisel of Struthers, of Philadelphia, is erected in memory of James Brady and Rachel, his wife, parents of Hugh Y. Brady. It consists of a sandstone bottom block, and base, die, cornice, and square pillar of marble. On the west side is the epitaph of Rachel Brady, and on the east is this inscription : " Filial affection-and gratitude have erected this tomb over the remains of James Brady, Esq., who departed this life on the 11th , 1839, aged seventy-nine years. He filled many offices of nigh trust, and having lived honored and respected, was, when full of years, called home by his Father and his God." One of the most handsome lots in the cemetery belongs to Dr. Frederick C, Bierer. It is bright green with grass and hedged with arbor-vitæ. In one corner a pair of stones shows where lies Priscilla, his wife, who died in January; 1864, and in the middle of the lot is a monument intended to commemorate the dead within the inclosure. It is from sixteen to twenty feet high, and consists of a plain stone foundation with pedestal and octagonal pillar of marble. A fine monument has been erected over the gallant Capt. Ed. H. Gay. It consists of plain stone base, and marble pedestal and square pillar, and is some fifteen feet in height. On the southern side of the shaft is a shield in relief, on which is sculptured in relief the name " Gay." On the southern face of the die of the pedestal is a Norman shield in relief, en-graven with the time of his birth and death. He was born October, 1842, and died March, 1864. On the western side of the die are the names of the fourteen battles in which he participated and the two battles in which he was wounded, to which is appended the following words, taken from the official order of Gen. Dick Coulter, wherein he announced his death and gave directions for his funeral : " His regimental record stands without a blemish." There is a handsome monument over James W. Goodlin (son of the old landlord, Goodlin), first lieutenant of Company I, Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, who fell pierced with seven balls, December 15, 1862, at the battle of Fredericksburg, while leading his men into action. It is some seven feet high, and consists of coarse stone base and marble pedestal and urn. On the southern side of the cap of the pedestal are sculptured in relief a drawn sword and scabbard lying across one another. Under this on the die is a Norman shield with the epitaph. On the north side of the die is an eloquent inscription commemorative of his deeds and virtues and death on the field of glory. Space will not permit a description of all the handsome monuments over distinguished persons who are buried in this cemetery, but it is due to the memory of the dead and to the feelings of the living to make some mention of the family to whose generosity and regard for the wants of the community Greensburg is indebted for this burial-place. At a short distance to the northeast of St. Clair's monument are four massive old-fashioned tombstones and three marble monuments, all lying closely together in a row. Two of these old tombstones rest over William Jack, who died in 1821, aged sixty-one years, and Margaret, his wife. One of the two remaining stones rests over their son, Samuel Jack, who died in 1814, and the other over John Cust, who died in 1823, in the sixty-first year of his age. John Cust fled from the rebellion in Ireland in 1798 to this country, married a daughter of Judge Jack, and was the father of Mrs. Shoenberger, of Pittsburgh. The three marble monuments alongside the tombstones were erected to the memories of three more sons of Judge Jack,—Harry Jack, who died in 1837, aged fifty-one ; Matthew Jack, who died in 1843, aged sixty-five; and Wilson Jack, who died in 1852, aged sixty-one years. The materials of the monuments are costly and the workmanship good; but the inscriptions are nothing but simple records of the names and times of births and deaths. Away from these family graves and in a separate lot surrounded by a strong iron railing is a marble monument to the memory of the late Judge William Jack, another son of him who donated the burial-ground to the borough. It is from sixteen to twenty feet high, and consists of base, pedestal, square pillar, and urn. On the eastern side of the die is a simple inscription, recording his name, the time of his birth, and his death in 1852. On the same side of the shaft is the name "Jack," partially inclosed in relief by a wreath of flowers. Among the many marble gravestones in the cemetery there are some worthy of especial note on account of their costliness, designs, and workmanship. Large, massive, and well-executed marbles with side inclosures shut in the grave of Andrew Lowry, the old Mount Pleasant and Greensburg landlord, who died in 1864. Fine marble stones, ornamented with leaves and roses, stand at.the graves of David Gil- GREENSBURG - 511 christ, Sr., and David Gilchrist, Jr. They are the work of Capt. Kistler, who fell mortally wounded at Antietam, and deserved a better monument than he ever sculptured. The burial-place of the deceased wife of John Armstrong, Jr., is mournfully pleasant. A neat marble tells who lies beneath the mound, a pine throws a gloomy shade around it, and the air is redolent of the odor of York roses and white rockets. Over some of the graves the willows droop until their leaves touch the ground, and appear, as the poets speak, like fond female friends weeping over the dead with long disheveled hair. Handsome stones mark the graves of John Clarke, the old prothonotary, and Dr. John W. Coulter, of Latrobe, whose head-stone is adorned with Masonic emblems. A beautiful part of the cemetery is the lot where lie Dr. Thompson Richardson and his adopted son. It is thickly hedged to the height of some four feet with arbor-vitæ ; four white marbles record their memories, and the grassy green of the inclosure is enameled with a diversity of flowers. Within the in-closure a place is reserved for a third person. A lot of about forty feet square, belonging to the Greensburg Lodge of Ancient York Masons, is hedged with arborvitæ, with square marble pillars at the corners of the quadrangle. The pillars are inscribed with the name of the lodge, the designation of the section, number of the lot, and Masonic emblems. There are three graves within it unmarked by any gravestones. A description of the cemetery would be entirely defective unless some mention was made of the fine lot of the Hon. Henry D. Foster. It is between thirty and forty feet square, and lies in the southern part of the cemetery, near the large. carriage-road. It is hedged with arborvitæ. Four paths lead from as many openings on the sides and concentre on a walk that surrounds a circular bed in the middle of the plot, thus parting it into five divisions. In the northwest section of the lot lies buried Miss Fannie Foster, the favorite and best beloved daughter of Foster and his lady. There is a low white stone at the head of the grave. On its top are the words, "Our Fannie." The grave is covered with myrtle. At the upper part is growing a bunch of white lilies, and near to it trembles an aspen-tree. A tulip-tree stands in one part of the plot, and the circular bed in its centre is covered with roses, mignonettes, cranes' bills, shrubs, pansies, violets, verbenas, and geraniums. It is a matter of surprise that no memorials mark the places where repose a number of persons, eminent in their lives for virtue, learning, official position, and fine social qualities. There are no stones to indicate the last earthly abodes of the old president judge, the Hon. John Young, Dr. James Postlethwaite, Dr. Alfred T. King, Rev. Henry (brother-in-law of James Buchanan), Edward N. Clopper, Dr. S. P. Brown, Judge Burrell, Alexander McKinney, and many others, whose memories are only preserved in the hearts of friends and acquaintances. It is very true that changes of place, time, and circumstances often invalidate good intentions and prevent a proper tribute of respect to memories that were once dear to those whose duty it is to pay to them the last mortuary honors. The St. Clair Cemetery is now a beautiful place, and will be much more so in a few years. It is creditable to the hearts and heads of those who conceived this plan and carried it into execution. Taste, morality, and religion are all promoted by the selection of pleasant places for the burial of the dead, and by their embellishment with the graceful arts of civilized life. The following early settlers are herein buried, and not heretofore specially mentioned : Adam McLaughlin, died Dec. 27, 184, aged 84. James Brady, died May 2, 1829, aged 76. James McFarland, died Jan. 14, 1860, aged 81. James Thompson, died June 25, 1859, aged 79; his wife, Eleanor, died Oct. 18, 18.53, aged 67. Hugh Lindsay, died May 3, 1879, aged 80; his wife, Jane, died Feb. 19, 1878, aged 63. George Patchell, died Dec. 29, 1863, aged 66; his wife, Sarah, died July 11, 1861, aged 74. William Morrison, died March 18, 187, aged 87; his wife, Elizabeth, died June 4, 1836, aged 42. Alexander Johnston, born July 10, 1793, died July 15, 1872 ; his wife, Freame, born Nov. 27, 1781, died March 22, 1863. Alexander Johnston, captain in United States army, died July 8, 1845, aged 39. Lieut. Richard H. L. Johnston, of United States army, killed at Molino del Rey, Mexico, Sept. 8, 1847, aged 21. Joseph Russell, died May 27, 1844, aged 41. John Y. Barclay, died Feb. 18, 184, aged 42 ;-his wife, Isabella., died Feb. A, 184, aged 41. James S. Burkhart, died Oct. 6, 1876, aged 73. James Craig, died April 26, 1860, aged 66. John G. Eicher, died Nov. 19, 1865, aged 57. James Miller, born May 19, 1793, died Jan. 29, 1859 ; his,wife, Agnes, born Feb. 26, 1795, died Nov. 25, 1862. Dr. T. Richardson, born April 18, 1806, died Nov. 23, 1862; his wife, Mary, died Oct. 27, 1872, aged 69. Capt. Daniel Kistler, Jr., died Sept. 2.5, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, aged 41. Margaret wife of Maj. James Smith, died August, 1825, aged 88. James Hunter, died Oct. 3, 1832, aged 55. William H. Richardson, died Dec. 25, 1859, aged 64. James Dobbin, died March 13, 1837, aged 83. Isabella A. Keenan, died Jan. 13, 1877, aged 82. Joseph Steel, died October, 1824, aged 39. Jane, wife of James Lowry, died March 22, 1846, aged 52. William Ramsay, died May 2, 1816, aged 60 ; his wife, Jane, died Oct. 15, 1849, aged 76. Alexander Storey, died June 1, 185, aged 85; his wife, Margaret, died Oct. 28, 1848, aged 83. Matthew Gemmell. died April 19, 1846, aged 80. Thomas Gemmell, died July 16, 1845, aged 72; his wife, Elizabeth, died Aug. 29, 185, aged 81. James Gemmell, died April 8, 1854, aged 53; his wife, Nancy, died April 12, 1867, aged 57. John K. Boyd, died May 5, 186, aged 45. John Walker, died June 3, 185, aged 30. Hugh Wilson, born March 1, 1788, dIed April 30, 1861. Robert Wark, died April 27, 1832, aged 80. Robert Hutchinson, died Sept. 17, 1879, aged 78. John Armstrong, died June 1, 1866, aged 77. Daniel Kistler, died Dec. 26, 1870, aged .76. 512 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Andrew Lowry, died April 7, 1864, aged 70; his wife, Margaret N., died June 7, 1887, aged 67. James Todd, born Dec. 25, 1786, died Sept. 3, 1863. Dr. John M. Huston, died Dec. , 1863, aged 24. Alsxander Roes, died May 3, 1873, aged 83; his wife, Elizabeth, died May 10, 1846, aged 54. John Clarke, died Sept. 13, 1842, aged 57. John Moore, died Aug. 5, 1873, aged 75. William Moore, died Feb. 22, 1846, aged 81 ; his wife, Agnes, died July 4, 1848, aged 70. James Harvey, died Dec. 29, 1842, aged 40. James B. Beckwith, died Jan. 1, 187, aged 81. Elisabeth Atkinson, diod Feb. 26, 1879, aged 70. John Gilchrist, died Sept. 16, 1870, aged 50. Francis Jamison, died April 18, 1846, aged 67. Henry Nett, died Dec. 3, 1818, aged 52; his wife, Frances, died April 9, 1839, aged 81. John Nicholls, Sr., died May 10, 1842, aged 79. William Haney, died March 17, 1805, aged 46. John Hill, died Dec. 9, 1822, aged 70; his wife, Ann, died July 27, 1823, aged 60. John McClelland, died Aug. 16, 1846, aged 92 ; his wife, Catherine, died Nov. 7, 1839, aged 62. William McGinley, died Aug. 2, 1873, aged 63. Hugh Brady, died Nov. 4, 1868, aged 88; his wife, Ann, died Oct. 25, 1861, sged 71. John Huff, born Nov. 23, 1793, died Nov. 16, 1847; his wife, Rebecca, born July 1, 1800, died Aug. 10, 1873. Rachel Green, died June 1, 1858, aged 83. Florinda W., wife of William Moore, died March 29, 1876, aged 55. Dr. Eli A. Fisher, died Nov. 18, 1874, aged 43. Rebecca, wife of John M. Laird, died July 5, 1875, aged 74. James G. Gilleland, died Oct. 16, 1875, aged 66. Samuel L. Carpenter, born June 10, 1795; died Nov. 9, 1876. Joseph Kunkle, died Jan. 23, 1879, aged 78. Jane Welty, died Dec. 26, 1873, aged 79 ; her husband, Jacob, died April 30, 1864, aged 73. Sarah A. Watt, wife of Daniel R. Killgore, died July 4, 1875, aged 67. Priscilla, wife of Dr. F. C. Bierer, born March 25, 1824 ; died Jan. 1, 1864. Martha, wife of James McFarland, died April 20, 1865, aged 70. John Loor, died May 28, 1866, aged 51. David Gilchrist, Sr., died MarCh 28, 1858, aged 75; his wife, Elizabeth, died March 10, 1872, aged 89. James Goodlin, died Aug. 15, 1850, aged 52; his wife, Jane, died March 14, 185, aged 48. Lieut. James W. Goodlin, 11th Pa. Vols., died Dec. 15, 1882, aged 30. J. Milton McGiven, Battery F, 1st Pa. Art., died Oct. 27, 1863, aged 19. Samuel Jack, died Oct. 16, 1814, aged 82. Margaret Jack, wife of Judge J., died May 3, 1818, aged 63. Wilson Jack, died Oct. 29, 1852, aged 61. Henry Jack, died Jan. 24, 1837, aged 51. Matthew Jack, died Nov. 20, 1843, aged 65. Judge William Jack, died Feb. 7, 1821, aged 69. Hon. William Jack, born July 29, 1788, died Feb. 28, 1852; his wife, Harriet, died Jan. 20, 1879. Lois Armstrong, wife of James Armstrong, died July 8, 1824, aged 39. Jemima, wife of James Stout, died Dec. 6, 1822, aged 34. Richard Jackson, died April 25, 1826, aged 53; his wife, Jane, died Feb. 22, 1875, aged 99. Elizabeth, wife of John Reed, died 1816. Margaret, wife of James Brown, Sr., died June 22, 183, aged 56. William Brown, died Feb. 6, 1853, aged 49. Robert Brown, born Dec. 5, 1763, died Nov. 17, 1849; his wife, Anna, died Aug. 3, 1840, aged 63. Lydia, wife of William Brown, died Oct. 2, 1829, aged 21. Dr. T. F. Campbell, died May 16, 1889, aged 29. John Kuhns, Sr., born Feb. 25, 1788, died June 8, 1868; his wife, Susanna, born July 25, 1798, died June , 1870. Hannah Welty, died April 4, 1878, aged 78. Mrs. Susan Clark, died Aug. 4, 1879, aged 76. Rev. Joseph Smith D.D., burn July 15, 1796, died Dec. 4, 1868. Ann, wife of Morrison Underwood, and daughter of Peter Gay, died Aug. 2, 1876, aged 76. Dr. John Hasson, born Feb. 2, 1806, died May 10, 1872. Maj. John B. Alexander, died 1840. Rev. Robert Henry, born 1801, died Nov. , 1838. Moees Craig, died Oct. 25, 1842, aged 44 ; his wife, Ann (McKinney), died April 26, 1871, aged 71. Alexander McKinney, died Oct. 14, 1827, aged 71; his wife, Mary, died Sept 22, 1828, aged 58. Elizabeth, wife of Henry Welty, Jr., died Dec. 26, 1825, aged 22. Joseph Herwicks, died June 15, 1832, aged 54. Agnes McKinney, born Aug. 5,•79, died Dec. 29, 1814. Jane, wife of William S. Graham, died Sept. 18, 1868, aged 81. Dr. John Morrison, born March 4, 1798, died Aug. 4, 1869. Mrs. Dr. John McDowell, died 1818. Mrs. Debora Mershon, died April 18,183, aged 56. Elizabeth McCullough, died July 12, 1876, aged 73. THE CATHOLIC GRAVEYARD lies just over the brow of the Academy Hill, north of the town, and within a hundred yards of the Central Railroad. It is small in size, and the graves are, comparatively with the other two burial-places, few in number. This is accounted for by the fact that the main body of the Catholics of Westmoreland have always resided in Derry and Unity townships, about Bairdstown, Derry, Latrobe, and Youngstown. Persons remember the time when there was not a single Catholic family in Greensburg. There is now a number of families of that creed who reside in this town, and a Catholic place of worship, called the Church of the Holy Sacrament, was erected in 1848, on Academy Hill, contiguous to the site of the graveyard. It has a small parsonage annexed to it with an incumbent, who officiates every Sunday, an on other days, with great regularity, calls the faithfull to prayers at matin, noon, and vesper tide. The Catholic graveyard is much older than the church. It is not known to the writer when it was consecrated, but it was a burial-place in the school-boy days of men now seventy years of age, and an old head-stone, marking the place where John Brannan lies interred, shows the time of his death and interment to have been in 1826. The date of its consecration could probably be found in the records of the bishopric of Pittsburgh. There are no monuments in it, but several of the graves are inclosed with substantial iron railings, and have marble head- and foot-stones. The most handsome and costly stones are those erected to mark the last resting-places of the Egans, ___ Sheridan, John Woods, and the Allwines. There are five graves of the Allwines, placed in an exact row, with exact intervals between them, with head- and foot-stones. Two of the graves have ordinary stones, and three, which are those of children, have marble head and foot and side pieces. They are remarkably well executed, and bear upon them simple but suitable inscriptions from Holy Writ. One bears the text, " Suffer little children to come unto me, for of such is the kingdom of God." Another bears the words, " Thy will be done," and the third a text from Job, in which he expressed his cheerful resignation under suffering, " The Lord gave and the Lord taketh away, blessed be the name of the Lord." Many if not a majority of those who are buried in the Catholic graveyard have been immigrants from Ireland and Germany. Here lie Kehoes, Dugans, McBrides, GREENSBURG - 513 McCarthys, Fitzpatricks, Hickeys, McCallums, McCabes,, and Sheridans, along with persons of undoubted German origin. The cross is sculptured on most of the headstones, and often it is accompanied with the I. H. S.,—Jesus Hominum Salvator. Some of the graves are marked with plain wooden crosses, intended, doubtless, to precede more solid mementoes in stone and marble. It was pleasing to note the evidences of humble affection over some of the graves that were without stones. These graves were cleared all around from weeds and high grass, were sodded on the sides, and planted in the middle with beautiful flowers. Planted by the hands, and watered with the tears of pious love and duty, their incense, borne on high by the gales of heaven, will be as grateful as the proud monument--monumentum are perennius - that rises and flouts the skies by mere human strength and skill. The site of the Catholic graveyard commands a fine prospect. It overlooks the whole town and country around it. If planted with trees and furnished with benches, it would be a pleasant place for the religious to elevate and purify their minds by meditations among the tombs, or by communion with the spirits of departed saints. THE GERMAN GRAVEYARD in former years lay southward or below the town, at the distance of a couple of hundred yards from the last house on Main Street, the mansion of the Rev. Nicholas P. Hacke. Now the town extends down to it, and the graveyard is adjoined by a plot, beautified with trees, shrubbery, grass, and flowers, on which stands the handsome and luxurious residence of James Woods, Esq. This graveyard was designed its the burial-place of the German and English Lutheran Churches, and the German and English Evangelical Reformed Churches, although some persons of other denominations are interred in it. The graveyard is large, nearly level, and is surrounded with a handsome fence of palings, with double gate for carriages and horses, and two gates for foot passengers. It contains between four and five acres, and is thickly covered with grass and other vegetation, except on and around newly-made graves. This ground was devoted to the custody of the dead before the present century commenced. In it are buried old citizens of the town and vicinity, whose names are as familiar as household words all over Westmoreland County. Here lie Drums, Marchands, Stecks, Horbachs, Mechlings; Turneys, Hackes, Wises, Kuhnses, Eisemans, and Bierers. Some of the stones at the graves are worthy of note on account of their gray and weather-beaten age, and others on account of the persons whose last mortal resting-place is marked by them. Two weather-stained head-stones inform the public that Col. Christ. Truby and John Houser are buried beneath them, the former having departed this life in 1802, and the latter in 1804. A heavy, substantial, old-fashioned tombstone bears an inscription which tells that beneath lie the remains of John Michael Steck, who was for fifty years a pastor of the Lutheran Evangelical Church, thirty-eight of which were passed in the charge of the German Lutheran congregation at Greensburg. He died in 11130, at the age of seventy-five years. Another tombstone near to it is placed over John Michael's son, Michael J. Steck, who died in 1848, having been for eighteen years the pastor of his father's German Lutheran congregation. The Rev. Michael Eyster, pastor 'f the English Lutheran Church in Greensburg, reposes under a stone near to his reverend German brethren. They have all gone to a place where there was no confusion of tongues, and where there are no different languages. Four plain but solid tombstones show where lie four Marchands,—Dr. David Marchand, a well-known physician, member of Congress and prothonotary of Westmoreland ; his son Lewis ; another son, Albert, twice member of Congress from this district, and one of the best lawyers at the Greensburg bar ; and a third son, Dr. Thomas, who was taken away in the first flower of manhood. Three headstones mark the spots where lie Augustus Drum, Esq., his father and grandfather. Augustus Drum was a good writer and speaker, and a highly respectable lawyer, who had represented with honesty and ability one of the western districts in the State Senate, and this district in Congress. His father, Simon Drum, was postmaster at Greensburg for nearly half a century, having been appointed by 'Thomas Jefferson, and removed by Zachary Taylor. His grandfather, Simon Drum, was one of the oldest residents of Greensburg, having kept a tavern on the corner of West Pittsburgh and Main Streets during the Whiskey Insurrection, years before the borough of Greensburg was incorporated. Here are stones that show where lie Jacob Turney, Esq., and John Kuhns, Sr., although Jacob 'urney, Esq., and John Kuhns, still walk in health the streets of Greensburg. The war has left its bloody footprints in this graveyard, for handsome stones are erected where each one of eight young men has found a soldier's sepulchre. Their names are Alexander Everett, Albert Kennedy, Jacob C. Porcher, Reuben Shrum, Henry G. Reamer, and three persons of the same name, Shuck. There are few monuments here. One to the Bierer family is about eight or nine feet high, and consists of base, pedestal, and a square pillar, which tapers towards the top. The pedestal and pillar are of marble. On one side of the shaft is the name Bierer, surrounded by a wreath of flowers. On one side of the square pedestal is the following epitaph : " Frederick Bierer, born at Winsheim, Kingdom of Wurtemberg, Germany, July 27th, 1791 ; died June 7th, 1854, aged 62 years, 10 months, and 21 days." It is worthy of notice in the German burial-ground that the stones, until of late years, are very plain and without eulogistic epitaphs. Although some of the 514 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. buried persons were men of wealth and distinction, the former is not shown on their graves in costly sculptures, or the latter announced in the inscriptions. There is some display of wealth and sculpture and some panegyric on the stones erected of late years, and especially on those of the soldiers' graves. This is pardonable and commendable, for meeting with an untimely death in the cause of their country, such posthumous honors assuage the grief of friends and incite to deeds of patriotism. The German graveyard is not laid out by visible divisions into separate allotments, and there are no walks or carriage-roads through it, and only a few shrubs and flowers in it. It was located and used at a time when the country was new, the people poor, and when they were forced to attend to the necessities of the living rather than the decorations of death. Yet it was the labor of these men that laid the foundations of our present wealth and prosperity. THE MASONIC ORDER. The first Masonic lodge was No. 64, chartered over half a century ago, but which finally surrendered its charter. Some of its members yet live in this neighborhood. KEDRON COMMANDERY, No. 18, KNIGHTS TEMPLARS, was instituted April 11, 1860. Its charter members were Zachariah P. Bierer, William S. Brown, Richard Coulter, James K. Hunter, William J. Long, William H. Locke, Arnold Lobaugh, Stephen F. Northam, B. F. Rose, Samuel Rock, William Robinson, Chauncey F. Sargent, David W. Shryock, William R. Terry, Robert W. Turney, Joseph R. Weldin, Daniel Welty, and Reuben Zimmerman. Its Past Commanders have been installed: 1860, Rickard Coulter ; 1861, Zechariah P. Bierer; 1863, William S. Brown ; 1884, George L. Potts ; 1866, D. W. Shryock ; 1867, Henry Kittering ; 1868, Samuel Rock ; 1869, W. W. Logan; 1870, George F. Huff; 1871, James A. Hunter ; 1872, John Lena; 1873, James W. Wilson ; 1874, Clarh F. Wardell; 1875, Joseph J. Johnston ; 1878, John H. Highberger; 1877, Robert W. Turney; 1878, John S. Welty ; 1879, William H. Klingensmith ; 1880, Fridolin Miller ; 1881, Henry J. Brunot. The officers in March, 1882, are : Com., H. J. Brunot; Gen., J. A. Marchand ; C. G., Cyrus N. Stark ; Tress., George F. Huff ; Recce Clark F. Warden. OLIVET COUNCIL, No. 13, R. S. E. AND S. MASTERS, was instituted Dec. 22, 1859. The charter members were Zachariah P. Bierer, William S. Brown, Richard Coulter, William J. Long, William R. Terry. Its Past Thrice Illustrious Grand Masters were installed as follows: 1860, Richard Coulter; 1861, W. R. Terry; 1882, W. 8. Brown ; 1863, Zachariah P. Bierer; 1864, W. S. Brown ; 1867, Samuel Rock ; 1868, William Robinson ; 1869, Daniel Welty ; 1870, W. W. Logan ; 1871, James A. Hunter ; 1872, John Latta; 1873, C. F. Warden ; 1874, James A. Wilson; 1875, Henry Kettering; 1876, John H. Highberger; 1877, Robert W. Turney; 1878, John S. Welty ; 1880, William H. Klingensmith ; 1881, H. J. Brunot. The officers in 1882 are : Thrice Ill. G. M., Fridolin Miller; Dep. Ill. G. M., Levi Porcher ; P.O. of W., James Hazlett ; Rec., David W. Shryock ; Treas., George F. Huff. URANIA CHAPTER., No. 192, H. R. A., was instituted June 14, 1859. The charter members were William S. Brown, Richard Coulter, John W. Coulter, Jesse Chambers, William J. Long, David L. McCullogh, David W. Shryock, Daniel Welty. Its Past High Priests were installed as follows : 1859, Richard Coulter ; 1860, William S. Brown ; 1861, Daniel Welty; 1862, Zechariah P. Bierer ; 1863, William Robinson ; 1865, D. W. Shryock ; 1866, Samuel Bock ; 1867, Henry Kettering; 1868, W. W. Logan ; 1869, Edward J. Keenan ; 1870, John Latta ; 1872, James A. Hunter; 1873, C. F. Warden ; 1374, J. W. Wilson, R. W. Turney; 1875, Joseph Penrod ; 1876, Samuel S. Turney ; 1877, John H. High. Berger; 1879, George F. Huff, Fridolin Miller ; 1880, H. J. Brunot. The officers for 1882 are : H. P., John A. Marchand ; H., Cyrus N. Stark ; Sec., William M. Siuger; C. of H., William H. Huff; P. S., Welty McCullough ; Tyler, Daniel Welty ; Sec., David W. Shryock ; Treas., Zechariah P. Bierer. PHILANTHROPY LODGE, No. 225, A. Y. M., was instituted Oct. 17, 1847. Its charter members were Lebbeus L. Bigelow, James Bell, Alexander Caldwell, David Cook, William A. Cook, William Jack, Abraham Klingensmith, Daniel Kistler, Sr., Frederick A. Rohrer, Joseph Stokely, Jacob M. Wise. Its Past Masters have been : 1849, Lebbeus L. Bigelow; 1850, John Jennings ; 1853, John Full wood ; 1854, L. L. Bigelow ; 1856, William S. Brown ; 1858, Richard Could ter ; 1859, Samuel S. Turney; 1860, David W. Shryock ; 1861, Daniel Welty ; 1862, Zachariah P. Bierer; 1863, William S. Brown ; 1865, Samuel Rock ; 1866, Jonathan X. Pease ; 1867, Henry Kettering; 1868, John Latta; 1869, Levi Porcher ; 1870, James A. Hunter; 1871, Clark Y. Warden ; 1873, Joeeph J. Johnston ; 1874, John H. Highberger ; 1875, Robert W. Turney ; 1876, William H. Klingensmith; 1877, Abial B. Brown ; 1878, Fridolin Miller ; 1879, Joseph Penrod; 1830, James Hazlett ; 1881, Wilson Baughman. The officers for the year 1881-82 are: W. M., Wilson Baughman; S. W., C. W. McGrew; J. W., George L Potts; Sec., D. W. Shryock ; Tress., Samuel S. Turney. WESTMORELAND LODGE, No. 518, A. Y. M., was instituted Dec. 27, 1872. The charter members were Zachariah P. Bierer, Robert G. Ford, George F. Huff, Alexander W. Killgore, William W. Logan, John Latta, Christian S. Overholt, Martin S. Overholt, Aaron S. R. Overholt, Samuel Rock, Daniel F. Steck, Jacob Turney. Its Past Masters have been: S. S. Turney, Z. P. Bierer, Samuel Rock, John Latta, George F. Huff, William W. Logan, George W. Good, William M. Singer, David S. Atkinson, Cyrus N. Stark, John A. Marchand, Welty McCullough. Its officers for 1881-82 are : W. M., E. A. Treanor; S. W., William A. Huff; J. W., John M. Peoples; Sec., John A. Marchand ; Treas., Zachariah P. Bierer, who has held this place since the institution of the lodge. MASONIC FUND AND MASONIC TEMPLE. The Greensburg Masonic Fund is controlled by five trustees, viz.: Zachariah P. Bierer, John H. Highberger, Richard Coulter, John S. Welty, and George F. Huff, who are respectively appointed by the five foregoing branches of the order. These trustees, as the representatives of the fund for the said different GREENSBURG - 515 branches, have charge of the "Masonic Temple," in which they all meet. The ceremonies of the laying of the corner-stone, which occurred July 6, 1871, are thus described in one of the borough newspapers : "The Cincinnati Express at 8.40 A.M. brought officers of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania and quite a number of members of the fraternity from Johnstown, Indiana, Ligonier, Blairsville, Latrobe, and elsewhere. "The Mail from the West had the Great Western Band (who were escorted to the ' Long House' as their headquarters) and a number of the fraternity from Pittsburgh and Irwin. "The Grand Lodge was represented by the following grand officers : "R. W. G. M., R. A. Lasiberton; R. W. Dep. G. Y., Samuel C. Perkins; R. W. Sen, G. W., Robert Clark ; R. W. Jun. G. W., Charles H. Kingdom; R. W. G. Trees., Richard Coulter; B. W. G. Sec., John Thompson; G. Chap, J. F. Jones; G. M., Charles Schnider ; G. S-B, S. Rock; G. P., W. S. Brown; Deacons, D. W. Shryock, J. A. Hunter; Stewards, W. Noble, W. J. Anderson ; G. T., J. L. McQuiston. "All of the members of the Masonic fraternity present rendezvoused at the present hall at eleven o'clock, and were formed into procession under the direction and guidance of E. H. Turner, Chief Marshal, with the following aides : Gen. R. C. Drum, Z. P. Bierer, G. F. Huff, C. F. Warden, W. W. Logan, Col. D. S. Porter, Capt. J. J. Bierer. "The whole procession then moved off, passing along some of the principal streets, and were countermarched by the Kettering House, where they received and escorted the Grand Lodge officers to the site of the new hall. " When order was obtained, prayer was made by the chaplain, J. F. Jones, and the purpose of the assemblage announced by the Deputy Grand Master, as follows : "'R. W. SIRS,—Our brethren of Greensburg having determined to erect upon this site their new Masonic Hall, and their desire having been duly made known that the corner-done thereof shall be laid according to the ancient customs and usages of Freemasons and not otherwise, we have come here to comply with that desire.' "The committee having sent a note of invitation, desiring the presence of the venerable Alexander Johnston, Esq., the oldest Mason known, they received his reply regretting his inability, from recent illness, to come. "The R. W. Grand Master made eloquent allusion to the fact, expressing the universal gratification it would have afforded every one to have had the venerable brother present, and then directed the R. W. Grand Secretary to read his letter, which is as follows: "' KINGSTON, July 3, 1871. "MEMBERS, HUNTER, COULTER, AND SHRYOCK. . "'MY DEAR BRETHREN,—Your letter of the 24th ult. received: At that time, and since, I have suffered a severe attack of sickness, which will deprive me of being present at the laying of the corner-done of the Masonic Hall, as also to meet the brethren of Lodge No. 64, over which I presided for many years. I presume I am the oldest living member of the Greensburg Lodge; not only Greensburg, but perhaps the United States. I was entered, passed, and raised in Lowtherstown Lodge, No. 674, County Fermanagh, Ireland. Pardon my egotism. "'I am yours fraternally, " A. JOHNSTON’ " The .R. W. Grand Master then directed the R. W. Grand Treasurer to place the articles prepared for deposit in the corner-stone, and the R. W. Grand Secretary to read a list of the articles deposited, viz. : " The Holy Bible. Ahiman Reson. Manning's (Pa.) Masonic Register, 1871. Certified list of the officers of the R. W. Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. List of Officers of the M. K. Grand H. R. A. Chapter of Pennsylvania. Act of incorporation, by-laws, and roll of officers and corporators of the Greensburg Masonic fund. By-laws and roll of officers and members of the different Masonic societies of Greensburg. Impressions of Greensburg Masonic seals. Impression of Westmoreland County seals. Impression of other Greensburg official seals. Certified list of State officers of Pennsylvania. Certified list of county officers of several counties of Pennsylvania. Certified list of county officers of Westmoreland. Certified list of Greensburg borough officers. Copy of fimull's Legislative Hand-Book. Copies of the following newspapers: Keystone, July 1, 1871. Wetmoreland Republican of July 25, 1825 Greensburg Herald, July 5, 1871. Republican and Democrat of Aug. 12, 1870. Republican and Democrat of July 5, 1871. Greensburg Trainee of July 6, 1871. Pennsylvania Argus of July 6, 1871. United States coins of coinage of 1871, viz.: Gold. $5, $2.50, $1; silver, 50 cts., 25 cts., 10 cts., 5 cts.; nickel, 5 cts, 3 cts., 2 cts., 1 cent. "The corner-stone was then laid to its place according to the `ancient usages, customs, and landmarks of Freemasonry.' "The address by the Grand Master, Robert A. Lamberton, was brief, eloquent, and appropriate. During the delivery the vast audience stood spell-bound in the glaring sun of the July day, and each one seemed to fear he might lose a word or fail to catch a sentence. There was but one regret, and that found vent when the address closed,—it was too short. "The audience was unusually large. The entire body of our citizens turned out, and many of the families of the farmers of the neighborhood were present, and to these were to be added a large number of visitors from a distance." The following history of the inception of the Greensburg Masonic Hall and description of the building (from architectural plans, which were strictly followed in its erection) are condensed from an article published in the Herald in July, 1871: About ten years since the four Masonic bodies of Greensburg, who had hitherto been compelled to rent as a ball for their use such building as best they could find, united in a purpose looking to securing a building of their own at some future day, and organized a board of trustees, to be elected from members in each, and by the several societies respectively, aggregating fire, and were denominated the trustees of "Greensburg Masonic Fund." This board was made the receiver, custodian, and disbursing agent of each respectively. As the receipts of the societies, from dues, fees, and life memberships, paid into the treasury of the board, began to accumulate, which was not till the close of the war, it was determined to procure an act of incorporation, that it might be known in law, and so held responsible., Accordingly the organization was 516 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. chartered by act of Assembly approved March 26, 1867. in which sixty persons were named as corporators, to which quite a number have been since added by election. Early in the year 1868 the lot opposite the Herald office, on Main Street, was put into market, and the trustees became the purchasers. At the close of the last fiscal year of this organization—third Monday in January—the statement of the financial condition of the "Greensburg Masonic Fund" presented the fact that the funds in the treasury and invested and bearing interest amounted to $11,618.86. That with an annual income from dues, fees, and life memberships which had averaged $3300.00 for the past three years, the trustees felt warranted in at once commencing the erection of a suitable hall, and in supplementing by a loan what additional funds might be necessary to meet the present original outlay in its erection. By act of Assembly they procured authority to borrow money at seven per cent. per annum, in avant not to exceed $15,000, to be secured by mortgage on the lot and building. Thus equipped with the necessary ways and means and perfected plans, early in May ground was broken, and the building is now in progress of erection, of which we give the following brief description : "It occupies the entire front of the lot, 34 1/3 feet, and extends 87 ½ feet in depth, and will be of iron and brick, three stories high above the pavement. The cellar and first floor are intended to be rented in connection as a business house. The store-room, on the first floor proper, will be twenty-two feet eight inches in width by eighty-four feet in depth inside, and fifteen feet high in the clear. A ball seven feet six inches, for stairways to the second and third stories, will run the entire length on the south side of the building, between which and the storeroom a thirteen-inch wall will be carried up to the floor of the third story. "The second and third stories will be occupied by the Masonic societies. In the second story, which is to be fourteen feet in the dear, there will be a front- or banqueting-room for state occasions, forty feet by twenty-three, and a rear reception-room forty-two by twenty-one feet, a hall and stairway, water-closets, etc. "The third story will have the Masonic Hall proper, sixty feet by thirty-one and a half and sixteen feet high, with ante-rooms, wardrobes, closets, etc., in the rear. "The entire front of the building will be iron, from the pavement to the top, with heavy ornamental columns and cornice-projections for each story, the whole surmounted by ornamental iron-work, reaching to a height of sixty-two feet above the pavement. The door and window openings in front (of which there will be four in each story) will be Inched at the top. The doors and sash will be solid walnut. The roof will be tin. The rear doors and windows will have iron shutters, and the whole made completely fire-proof from external contact. The entire structure will be most substantial, the walls having been sunk from two to three feet helot. the bottom of the cellar, and have a footing course on each side, and the rear end of thirty inches wide, large stone. The side cella; walls are carried up twenty-one inches thick, and the front wall thirty-six inches thick, the main brick walls being eighteen inches. The flooring joists are twelve inches by two and a half thick, reaching across the whole width, and are placed twelve inches apart from centres. The roof is sustained by seven trusses, constructed of eight- by ten-inch pine timber. "The second and third stories will be heated by steam, generated by a boiler and furnace in the basement below the ball, and supplied with water from an eighty-barrel tank, built above and immediately under the principal stairs, which tank will be filled from the roof. An excellent well of water in the basement, arched over, perfectly acme and clean, will supply drinking water by pumps to any part of the building. " When finished it will be the most beautiful edifice in town, and will be a credit to the place and to the projectors and the committee having its execution in charge. No pains will be spared to make it a substantial public structure that shall stand for centuries." INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD-FELLOWS. GREENSBURG LODGE, No. 50, was chartered April 16;1849. Its first officers were: N. G., Hugh Arleta; V. G., Lebbeus L. Bigelow; Sec., David Cook ; Amt. Sec., William Jack ; Tress., John Taylor. The secretary in 1882.is W. C. Loor. WESTMORELAND LODGE, No. 840, was chartered May 21, 1873. Its first officers were: N. G , F.M. Sarver; V. G., J. Arthur Ege; Sec., A. L. Waugaman ; Amt. Sec., Ezra M. Gross ; Treas, George F. Huff. The officers in October term of 1881-82 are: N. G., Joseph Taylor ; V. Q, John A. Blank ; Sec., Chris. Krebs ; Asst. Sec., W. F. Holtzer ; Treas., George W. Probst. It has thirty-five members, and meets every Tuesday evening at its hall on Main Street. GREENSBURG ENCAMPMENT, No. 143, was chartered May 14, 1866. Its charter members and first officers were: C. P., Henry Kettering; H. P., John M. Smith ; S. W., J. A. Marchand; J., Levi Cline; S., William W. Keenan ; Treas., Robert Brown; G, F. S. Bock. The officers in 1882 are: C. P., J. Y. Peifiy; H. P., Chris. Krebs; S. W., Henry S. Cushy; J. W., W. J. Row ; Scribe, Joseph Taylor. ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. ST. CLAIR LODGE, No. 53, was chartered June 21, 1873. The charter members were: Levi Cline, A. G. Marsh, Robert Brown, Eli A. Fisher, J. L. Thompson, J. R. Thompson, John N. Smith, H. C. Traeger, P. 8. Hoffman, J. W. Wilson, G...orge F. Huff, Robert Noz, Zechariah P. Bierer, C. H. Stark, Clark F. Warden, W. 8. Brown, John A. Theurer, Hiram A. Gilson. The first officers were: P. K., Caleb H. Stark ; H. W., Levi Cline; G. F., James W. Wilson; O., Robert Brown ; Rec., A. G. Marsh; Fin., A. C. Trimmer; G., Eli A. Fisher; Rec, Zechariah P. Bierer; O. W., John N. Smith. CENTENNIAL LODGE, No. 100, was chartered March 14, 1876. Its charter members and first officers were : P. M. W., J. A. Marchand; H. W., W. H. Klingensmith ; G. F., J. W. Kemerer; O., S. A. Kline; Rec., A. W. Eicher; Fin., A. B. Kuhns; Rec., George F. Huff; G., F. M. Sarver; L W., G. L. Clawson ; O. W., Amos Hawk. KNIGHTS OF HONOR. ENERGETIC LODGE, No. 76, was chartered Feb. 3, 1875. The charter members and first officers were: P. D., J. A. Marchand; D., J. Arthur Ege; V. D., F. M. Sarver; A. D., D. H. Rankin ; Rep., W. H. Klingensmith ; Asst. Rep., D. J. Kline; Treas., F. S. Huffman; G., John H. Smith ; 8., J. C. Biggert. Other charter members were: James A. Hunter, George L. Potts, James B. Robinson, B. Thomas, A. Armbrust, W. Sincely, H. Cope, J. A. Hawk, Jacob S. Turney, S.S. Rumbaugh, G. A. Hammer, J. J. Altman, D. F. Baer, George W. Crock, Rev. J. F. Core, J. W. Graff, Daniel Welty, Dr. A. Arters, J. B. Smith, C. R. Miller, A. B. Brown, W. Welty, Joseph Harden, J. P. Evans, J. C. Rohrbacher, A. G. Marsh. The officers in 1882 are: D., James B. Robinson; V. D., Amos Teel ; A. D., S. A. Kline; Rep, G. A. Ellison ; Treas., D. A. Denman; Fin. Rep., T. S. Huffman; Chap., A. P. Smith ; G., F. H. Sarver; G., J. A. Hawk; S., S. S. Fell. It has a membership of ninety-four, and meets every Friday evening in I. O. O. F. (Westmoreland) Hall. GREENSBURG - 517 NOBILITY LODGE, No. 2447, was chartered April 25, 1881. Its officers for 1882 are: P. D., Bev. C. B. Dieffenbacher ; D., J. J. Wirsing; V. D., F. M. Mechling ; Asst. D., J. A. Sampsel ; Treas., C. H. Stark ; Fin. Rep., J. P. Eicher; Rep., D. F. Killgore ; Chap., Freeman C. Gay ; Guide, Jeff. W. Taylor; Guardian, S. F. Baker; S., John H. Highberger; Trustees, Rev. C. R. Dieffenbacher, J. S. Moorhead, John H. Highberger. It has twenty-nine members, and meets every Tuesday evening. ROYAL ARCANUM. GREENSBURG COUNCIL, No. 44, was chartered May 3, 1880, but was instituted Jan. 14, 1878. The charter members were J. Arthur Ege, W. F. Holtzer, George W. Probst, Israel Glunt, S. P. Hill, Isaac P. Allshouse, Thomas H. Truxell, Irvin Walthour, D. H. Rankin, George F. Huff, Joseph S. Rees, F. M. Sarver, F. P. Goodlin, John C. Felger, John Porter, Lewis Walthour, Pearson Wendell, Bennett Rask, James B. Robinson, A. W. Jones, William J. Row, Jeremiah Gongware, John M. Peifly, D. A. Arters, Hezekiah Gongware. Its officers for 1882 are: Regent, J. J. Johnston ; V. B., Caleb H. Stark ; O., Bonnett Bask ; P. B., H. J. Brunot ; Sec., S. H. Ralston; Col., S. S. Fell ; Chap., F. P. Goodlin; Guard., Thomas A. Truxell ; Treas., D. N. Denman ; G., Herman Reamer. It has ninety-six members, and meets every Monday evening. CHOSEN FRIENDS. PROTECTION COUNCIL, No. 12, meets every Thursday evening. It has a membership of one hundred and twelve. Its officers for 1882 are : O. C., George W. Probst; V. C., E. F. Houseman ; Prel., W. H. Manning; P. C. C., A. W. Jones; C. M., John Eicher; W., S. S. Foster; Sec., J. S. Walthonr; Asst. Sec., W. C. Loor ; Trees., C. H. Stark ; I. S., Herman Hammil; O. S., William Gessler. A. O. K. OF M. C. WESTMORELAND CASTLE, No. 66, was chartered Oct. 16, 1873, and was in operation several years, but is now dormant. BANKING INSTITUTIONS. THE BARCLAY BANK was established in 1854, by Thomas J. Barclay. Its present proprietors are Wilson Baughman, president; John Barclay Keenan, cashier; and John Barclay. THE UNION DEPOSIT BANK was organized June, 1870, with David Teniman and John Walker, proprietors, the latter being cashier. Its first place of business was on Ottoman Street, and since then on Main. THE MERCHANTS' AND FARMERS' NATIONAL BANK was organized Sept. 7, 1881, and opened for business October 24th following. Its charter number is 2562. Its paid-up capital is $150,000, and authorized, $300,000. The directors are Lewis Trauger, president ; W. H. Markle, vice-president; H. C. Boyd, J. A. Marchand, M. G. Blank, J. D. Miller, W. Anderson, E. F. Houseman, Joseph W. Steel, T. H. Brinker, T. H. Irwin ; and Cashier, D. W. Shryock. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK was established in 1881, with a capital of $100,000. Its charter number is 2558. The directors are Richard Coulter, president ; John Zimmerman, cashier ; Henry Welty, James C. Clarke, George F. Huff, Robert Pitcairn, William A. Huff. THE GREENSBURG BANKING COMPANY has its place of business at No. 15 South Main Street. Its proprietors are James C. Clarke, Richard Coulter, and George F. Huff, the latter being cashier. CHURCHES. FIRST REFORMED CHURCH. Before there were any churches in Greensburg, or before the town itself was laid out or built, the German families in and around its site worshiped three miles southwest, at the old Harrold Church. But when a number of these people had found homes and built for themselves houses in the new town, a place for holding worship was also needed. This being determined upon, a piece of ground, a town lot and a half, situate on the main streets at the southerly part of the town, was purchased from Michael Truby and Peter Miller, as the site for a church, to be held in union between the Lutherans and Reformed. The consideration paid was £4, and for a like sum a parcel of ground farther down same street was bought for a graveyard.. Where now stands the parsonage was the original lot, on which, a large building of hewn logs, was erected the Union Church. On April 22, 1796, the first communion was held by its first pastor, Rev. John William Weber, when the following members partook of the sacrament : Simon Drum, John Turney, Jacob Barnhart, Jacob Buergy, William Barnhart, Daniel Turney, Michael Truby, Peter Barnhart, and Daniel Turney, Susanna Drum, Anna Barnhart, Magdalena Huber, Catherine Mechling, Maria Myers, Anna Maria. Walter, Catherine Silvis; Susanna Turney, Elizabeth Sourer, and Elizabeth Barnhart. Through the church-door at its gable end the devout worshipers used to enter, and then within devoutly sit on its rude benches or sing praises from the open front gallery, and hear the word read or expounded from the altar. There were no stoves or heaters, not even chimneys or flues,—not even a pulpit was there as yet. In cold weather worship was held in private dwellings or in the old court-house. Another lot and a half adjoining that on which the first church stood was bought May 15, 1815, from Mr..Ehrenfreidt for three hundred dollars, on which the present brick church was built. Its corner-stone was laid the same year, but the scarcity of brick prevented its walls being raised above the first windows. It was completed in the summer of 1819, when Rev. Henry Gerhart, of Bedford, preached the dedication sermon. The building committee were 518 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Henry Welty and Simon Drum, Reformed ; and Jacob Turney and Andrew Crissinger, Lutherans. Its cost was about six thousand dollars, a very large sum for those days, and it entailed a big debt. To relieve the congregation from the pressure of this burden the corner lot, with the building thereon, was sold in 1822, and was bought for a parsonage by the five Reformed congregations composing the Greensburg charge for four hundred and sixty-one dollars. In 1857 the ceiling was renewed, a new pulpit and altar-railing put up, the house repainted, and carpets and mats laid down. In 1873 a new roof and cornice were put on and the steeple repainted,- and through the liberality of Samuel B. Haines the church grounds neatly inclosed. The present iron fence was put up in 1861. In 1845 the pipe-organ was built by Stark & Minehart at a cost of nine hundred dollars. It was quite an event in those days for any Protestant Church of these parts to introduce an organ. Some opposition was at first made to the project even among the members of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches. They were surrounded by influences entirely hostile to such use of instruments, which, it was charged, worshiped God by machinery. In a Presbyterian Church where a bass viol had been smuggled or foisted into the choir, the old dominie startled the worshipers by calling upon them to " feddle and sing" the psalm. Some of the members, like the late Jacob Buerger, the Blancks, and others, helped to silence the opposition and overcome and subdue the prejudices against it. So that still by some derided and scouted as the "old Dutch organ," it was finally accepted by the majority, and proved itself a power for good in the services. John Springer was for twenty years the organist and German school-master, and was succeeded in playing the organ and training the choir in 1866 by Joseph Huber. The Germans at an early day owned in Greensburg a lot, on which a schoolhouse was built. In it an old Revolutionary soldier, the father of Frederick Scheibler, taught school. Jacob Buerger, one of the original members of the church, left by his will four thousand five hundred and sixty dollars, the interest on half of it to go for church purposes, and the other part towards the support of a German school. This trust was first administered by John Kuhns and Simon Drum, trustees, then principally by Jacob Kiehl for twenty-one years, and since by Josiah Mechling and Samuel Truxal. The original graveyard was enlarged by two acres purchased of the heirs of the late John Bierer for three hundred and forty-one dollars. Until about 1875 services were held exclusively in the German language, now they are mixed, thus providing for both tongues. Rev. John William Weber was succeeded as pastor by Rev. Henry Habliston in 1816, who was followed in 1819 by Rev. Nicholas P. Hacke, D.D. The latter's ministerial colleagues in Greensburg on the Lutheran side were Rev. John Michael Steck, who after serving his congregation thirty-eight years died at his post in 1830. He was followed by his son, Rev. Michael Steck, until his death in 1848. His successor was Rev. Jonas Mechling until his decease in 1868, who was followed by Revs. A. J. Brugle and Enoch Smith. The Reformed parsonage is on a part of the lot originally held by the two churches, and was specially purchased for a parsonage in 1822 as before detailed. This was the first Reformed parsonage in Western Pennsylvania. SECOND REFORMED CHURCH. Feeling the necessity for English services, a number of the members of the First Church petitioned the Synod of Ohio in 1844 to grant the organization of an English congregation, to be known as the Second Reformed Church. The request was allowed, and Rev. S. N. Callender, of the theological seminary at Mercersburg, Pa., was invited to become the pastor in 1845. On arriving here to accept the call he concluded the step premature and declined to remain. In 1848 another effort was made to obtain an English pastor by a meeting held at the house of Simon Cort, of which Daniel Kiehl was president and Reuben Shrum secretary. In January, 1849, the First Church gave consent for the organization of the second congregation, Classis having previously approved the movement, as the Ohio Synod had done nearly five years before. About the same time Rev.. Samuel H. Giesy, who a few months before had accepted a call to the St. James' Church, near Salina, consented to labor here and organize the new congregation. The organization was made Sept. 30, 1849, with the following members : Daniel Kiehl, Margaret Kiehl, Anna Maria Kiehl, Leonard Kunkle, Simon Cort, William J. Wells, Jacob Reamer, Jr., Reuben Shrum, Matilda Shrum, John Kiehl, Sophia Kiehl, David J. Wells, Christiana Wells, William Cort, Eli Kiehl, Maria Kiehl, Lucian Cort, Rebecca Wible, and Samuel Kelly. On Feb. 6, 1851, it was resolved to erect the present church edifice. It was completed in the fall of the same year, and dedicated Jan. 16, 1852, by the pastor, assisted by Rev. S. H. Reid, of Huntingdon County. The building committee consisted of John Barnhart (who with his family had by this time united with the congregation), Daniel Kiehl, and David J. Wells. The subscription-paper was headed by Daniel Kiehl with $400, followed by John Barnhart with $325, Simon Cort, $330, John Kiehl, $120, Joseph Cort, $80, and twenty on down to $5. Many of the citizens of the town gave in sums of $50 down to $5, among whom were Hon. Joseph A. Kuhns, Gen. H. D. Foster, Hon. Edgar Cowan, Henry Welty, Esq., and about fifty others. Rev. Mr. Giesy resigned July; 1855, to accept a call to Hagerstown, Md., and Jan. 1, 1856, was succeeded by Rev. T. G. Apple, then of Easton, Pa. He continued to April 1, 1857, and was followed the next month by Rev. L. H. Kefauver, of Adams County. GREENSBURG - 519 His pastorate continued three years and nine months. On April 1, 1862, Rev. H. W. Super became pastor, and this congregation, with those at Seanor Church and Irwin, was constituted one charge. He resigned in April, 1865, and was followed in January, 1866, by Rev. George H. Johnston, who served one year. His successor, Rev. T. J. Barkley, remained three years and four months, May 1, 1870, when he accepted a call to Grace Church, Pittsburgh. Rev. John W. Love's pastorate began Nov. 17, 1870. This congregation has furnished for the ranks of the active ministry three efficient and successful preachers, —Revs. Cyrus Cort, Henry F. Keener, and Henry D. Darbarker,—all of whom were confirmed here. Another one of its founders is Rev. Professor Lucian Cort, a distinguished laborer in the cause of Christian female education. ZION'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CONGREGATION. In the autumn of 1847, Rev. Michael J. Steck, pastor of the German Lutheran congregation of Greensburg, made arrangements for regular English services to be held for the time being in the German Church. In order to carry out the purpose of Rev. M. J. Steck an English Lutheran minister was called, in the person of Rev. John Rugan, to take charge of this new enterprise in Greensburg, and also to assist Rev. Steck in other parts of his extensive field. Services were held regularly every alternate Sabbath, with very fair prospects of soon organizing an English Lutheran congregation. These services were conducted for a short time in the German Church, but as soon as it became known that it was the purpose to organize an English congregation the use of the German Church was denied, on the plea that an English congregation could not be allowed to be formed in a German Church. When our German Lutheran fathers closed their church against their own children because they were English the use of the Episcopal Church was obtained for a short time, and when that could no longer be had, through the kindness of the commissioners the use of the court-house was granted. After all necessary preliminary arrangements had been made an English Lutheran congregation was organized on the 16th of January, 1848, under the title of Zion's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Greensburg, with forty members, Rev. John Rugan, pastor, and the church council was constituted as follows : Elders, Daniel Welty and Martin Hartzell ; Deacons, Daniel Kistler and Henry K. Welty ; Trustees, Samuel Hoffman and Peter Rummel. Rev. Rugan continued to serve this new congregation with fidelity and success till the autumn of 1848. On the 1st of October he resigned this congregation and accepted a call from St. James' and Salem, and the Rev. Michael Eyster., of Greencastle, Pa., became pastor of Zion's Church, Greensburg, and Trinity Church, Adamsburg. The services were held in the court-house till the fall of 1848, when the old Presbyterian Church was leased, in which services were held till the autumn of 1851, when the congregation completed and dedicated their own-house of worship. A movement to build a new church was commenced in the 'fall of 1850. Committees were appointed to secure a suitable lot and raise the necessary funds for this purpose. The committee on securing a lot reported that Mr. John Kuhns offered a lot on the corner of Junction and Second Streets, which was thankfully accepted. The committee on finance also made a favorable report, and measures were taken to proceed with the work of church building without delay. A plan was proposed and adopted, and the following-named persons were appointed as building committee, viz. : Messrs. John Kuhns, T. J. Cope, Lewis .Trauger, Daniel Kistler, and John Bortz. On the 1st of February, 1851, the contract for building the church was let to Mr. Philip Walthour, for the sum of $2800. The work of building, which was commenced early in the spring, was vigorously and successfully prosecuted during the summer until the fall of the same year, when the church was completed, and it was dedicated to the worship Of God on the 21st of November, 1851. Rev. Michael Eyster, the pastor, was assisted -on this occasion by Revs. W. A. Passavant and W. L. Emery. The dimensions of the church were forty-five by sixty-five feet, with basement and gallery, neatly finished and comfortably furnished. Under the faithful ministry of Rev. M. Eyster the congregation enjoyed an increasing measure of prosperity in their new church ; the membership was doubled in less than five years, but in August, 1853, the ministry of this devoted man was suddenly ended by death. His death fell like a great calamity on the congregation, and it suffered a vacancy of some months, as the minds .of the people could not at once unite on a successor to their lamented and highly-esteemed pastor. In April, 1854, Rev. Milton Valentine, now Dr. Valentine, of Pennsylvania College, became pastor of this congregation, and continued to labor in this field for one year. Though he was very faithful and diligent, he was not able during his short ministry to do more than repair the loss sustained by the vacancy that followed the death of Rev. Eyster. The resignation of Rev. M. Valentine was again followed by a vacancy of four months, during which the congregation was supplied by Rev. A. H. Waters. In August, 1855, Rev. W. F. Ulery became pastor of this congregation, and continued to labor with a good degree of success for eight years. During his ministry one hundred and seventy persons were added, to the membership ; loss by death and removal, sixty-five ; leaving the membership one hun- 520 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. dred and seventy, double what it was when his ministry commenced. Immediately after his resignation, Rev. Daniel Garver, of Canton, Ohio, was elected as his successor, who entered on his duties on the 1st of October, 1863. He labored faithfully and successfully at his calling until the 6th of September, 1865, when the Master called him home to his reward. During' his short ministry twenty-two persons were received into the fellowship of the congregation. After his death there was a vacancy of four months. On the 1st of January, 1866, Rev. J. K. Plitt became pastor of this church, and continued to labor faithfully in this field till July, 1873. During his ministry one hundred and nineteen persons were received into the communion of the congregation, leaving the communicant membership at his resignation two hundred and forty. After his removal there was a vacancy of ten months. On the 6th of May, 1874, Rev. A. H. Bartholomew commenced his ministry in this congregation, and continued until October, 1876. During his brief ministry forty persons were added to the membership of the congregation. After the resignation of Rev. Bartholomew there was a vacancy of nine months, when Rev. W. F. Ulery was called to be the pastor. On the 8th of March, 1877, a severe dispensation befell the congregation in the loss of their church by fire. A movement was inaugurated at once to build a new church. A committee was appointed to raise funds for this purpose, and on the 10th of May the following-named persons were appointed as a building committee : Messrs. Lewis Trauger, C. H. Stark, Jos. Bowman, George F. Huff, Z. P. Bierer, John Koser, and Lewis Walthour. On the 6th of June, Drum & Steen, architects, of Pittsburgh, were employed to prepare plans, which were submitted to the committee and unanimously adopted on the 17th of July. On the 6th of August work was commenced at the foundation, and by the 13th, Hammer & Kemp, contractors, commenced the stone-work. The work progressed very satisfactorily, and on the 24th of September, 1877, the stone- and brick-work of the basement was completed ; the corner-stone was also laid with appropriate services in the presence of a large congregation. The pastor, W. T. Ulery, was assisted by Revs. Samuel Laird, V. B. Christy, and J. S. Fink. The work progressed steadily, and by the middle of the following November the church was put under roof and the, tower completed. In the spring of 1878 the work was resumed, and by the 1st of September the lecture-room was completed suitable for a place of divine worship. It was used for this purpose until the auditorium was completed. On the 1st of August, 1879, when the entire church was finished in all its parts and handsomely furnished, it was solemnly set apart to the worship of God. This was an occasion of great interest to the congregation. The pastor was assisted by Revs. Jos. A. Seiss, D.D., and Samuel Laird, of Philadelphia. The entire cost of the church was thirteen thousand dollars, which has all been paid. The membership of the congregation is now three hundred and twenty. One hundred have been added under the present pastor, and the prospects of the congregation are very encouraging. GREENSBURG PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Greensburg asked supplies April 15, 1788, and was organized as a congregation May, 1789. On Oct. 23, 1800, it obtained as a stated supply Rev. John Black, and retained him until his death in April, 1802. Rev. William Speer was called as pastor April 19, 1803, for half-time, and was installed June 29th following. On April 7, 1829, he was released from Greensburg, as from Unity, on the ground of declining health, and on the 26th of the same died. Just a year after his resignation his successor, Rev. Robert Henry, was ordained and installed. During his pastorate he married an accomplished lady, sister of Hon. James Buchanan, afterwards President of the United States. Nine years and two days after his ordination, in the very prime of his life, ardor of his aspirations, and full flush of his hopes, he went up to dwell where youth never declines into age. After a protracted vacancy of two and a half years he was succeeded by Rev. James I. Brownson, who, at Mount Pleasant, was ordained and for half-time installed, Nov. 26, 1841, at Greensburg, where Revs. Samuel Wilson preached, W. H. Gillett charged the pastor, and A. McCandless the people. For more than seven years he filled the charge with acceptance, and resigned Jan. 16, 1849, to enter a still more distinguished career at Washington, Pa., partly as college president, but chiefly as pastor. In the whole charge he was succeeded by Rev. W. D. Moore, installed Oct. 2, 1849, when Revs. P. H. Jacobs preached, R. Stevenson charged the pastor, and J. B. McKee the people. Two years afterwards all his time was given to this congregation, and June 14, 1853, he resigned. He was an eminent scientist. He went to Mississippi, and was there at the outbreak of the civil war. Finding his way back to Pennsylvania, he exchanged the ministerial for the legal profession, and became a very popular and successful lawyer at the bar of Pittsburgh, his native place. April 9, 1854, he was briefly succeeded by Rev. David Kennedy, who was dismissed Aug. 1, 1855. Rev. Joseph Smith D.D., author of " Old Redstone" and Jefferson College," succeeded Rev. Mr. Kennedy. He was installed April 9, 1856, when Rev. Drs. A. G. Fairchilds preached and Samuel Wilson gave the charge. In his pastorate, at the request of himself and the church, they were trans! ferred from Redstone to. Blairsville Presbytery by GREENSBURG - 521 the Synod of Pittsburgh, October, 1858. Under the pressure of age and growing infirmity he resigned Oct. 3, 1865, and was gathered to his fathers Dec. 4, 1868. Rev. W. H. Gill was ordained and installed June 26, 1867, when Revs. S. J. Niccolls, of St. Louis, preached, J. R. Hughes charged the pastor, and D. Harbison the people. April 26, 1870, he resigned the charge, and after a brief pastorate at St. Joseph, Mo., became pastor of the Central Church of Allegheny. His successor here was Rev. W. Wallace Moorhead, installed May 13, 1871, when Dr. Hill preached, Revs. J. A. Marshall charged the pastor, and J. D. Mow. head the people. Among the veteran elders of this church were Randall McLaughlin and John Armstrong, Sr, It has had one stated supply and nine pastors, but has never raised a minister. its parsonage was completed in 1874. Dr. James Postlethwaite, an eminent physician, and in later life an eminent Christian, declined the eldership, but wrote largely and with great zest about the principles of the holy religion. In 1803, Judge William Jack gave one hundred and thirty perches for the erection of a house of worship. Sixty feet square of this ground was set apart for the building, and the remainder for a burial-ground. On this lot the old Presbyterian Church was built, and the new one was erected on South Main Street. CHRIST PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first Episcopalian services in Greensburg were held in 1818 by Rev. Taylor, rector of Round Church in Pittsburgh, in the old court-house, after which the congregation was organized; in 1821 incorporated. In 1823 a brick edifice was erected on Church Street (now Maple Avenue). The present church building was erected on a lot donated by Judge William Jack. Its corner-stone was laid by Bishop Potter Sept. 1, 1852, and it was consecrated May 3, 1854. Of the first class to whom the sacrament was administered by Bishop White in the old church there are but three survivors,-Hon. Joseph H. Kuhns, Mrs. Judge Carpenter, and Miss Hannah Fleeger. After services by Rev. Taylor, Bishop John H. Hopkins, then a rector in Pittsburgh, preached occasionally. Subsequently Rev. David C. Page, also of Pittsburgh, held services occasionally. The rectors have been in the following order: 1830, Lanson K. Brunot, J. L. Harrison, S. C. Freeman, J. J. Kerr; 1839-40, J. L. Harrison ; 1841-42, Joseph Adderly ; 1848, Bruce Batcheller ; 1850, William H. Paddock ; 1855, Fayette Derlin ; 1857, Henry C. Potter ; 1861, A. Flaridus Steele ; 1866, George Slattery ; 1Z;; C. C. Parker ; 1872, George C. Rafter : 1876, Rev. O'Connell ; 1877, J. Y. Protheroe ; 1881, Joseph Bernard Jennings. The last named served as rector from June 1. 1881 to April 1, 1882, when he accepted a call to New York City. During the rectorship of Rev. William H. Paddock two other congregations were organized, viz. : "St. John's," at Latrobe, Sept. 17, 1852, and "Christ," in Indiana County, May 6, 1853, both in this parish. In 1853 the vestrymen were Alexander Johnston, Henry Burns, William Johnston, Edward Smith, James J. Miley, Hugh Kells, and Samuel Eld- UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In response to a petition to the A. R. P. Presbytery of Blairsville, presented by H. M. Jamison, of Greensburg, Rev. Jonathan G. Fulton preached June 3, 1855. In 1857 an application was made to the Presbytery for an organization, which was granted, and Rev. Fullerton organized the congregation September 19th of that year. Twenty-six members were enrolled from the A. P., A. R. P., and R. P. (N. S.) Church. The following three elders were elected : William McCall, Joseph Greer, and H. M. Jamison. There are still three members in the congregation who assisted in its organization,-Elizabeth Greer, Elizabeth Welsh, and' Mary A. Lyon. In 1859 this church united with the congregation of New Alexandria in making a call for Rev. W. L. McConnell, but did not succeed in getting him as a pastor. It was then united with the Latrobe pastoral charge. In 1861 it was reorganized, and W. H. Barr and Gordon M. Lyon elected elders. Mr. Fulton preached here occasionally up to his death, April 17, 1870. Rev. John A. Nelson, in 1871, was the stated supply- for half-time for three months. On April 1, 1872, Rev. F. A, Hutchinson came to labor, and Continued till July. On Sept. 19, 1872, it was reorganized by the election of John Ludwick and John D. Gill as elders. Rev. J. Buff Jackson was installed pastor of this and Latrobe Church April 8, 1873. Up to this time its preaching had been held in various houses of worship. Mr. Jackson resigned his pastorate Dec. 21, 1875. The present pastor, Rev. Josiah Stevenson, began his labors Jan. 1, 1878. On Jan. 1, 1880, the following building committee were appointed to erect a church edifice: J. C. Clarke, J. D. Gill, J. M. Steele, H. Loughrey, and Rev. Josiah Stevenson. The building erected was a brick, sixty-six by thirty-nine feet, Gothic finish, which cost about $5000. It was dedicated June 20, 1881, with sermons and addresses, etc., by Revs. Kelso, of McKeesport ; McBride, of Laurel Hill ; R. B. Taggart, of Mount Pleasant ; A. G. Wallace, of New Brighton ; Jackson, of Elderton ; J. W. Love ; A. D. McCarrell. of Wilkinsburg ; and the pastor, Mr. Stevenson. It then had fifty-two members, and its Sunday-school roll showed sixty scholars and nine teachers. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST CHURCH. Before 1857 this denomination had occasional preaching in Greensburg, but in that year the congregation was organized. The original nine members were Joseph Gross and wife, Joseph Walters, Mrs. Daniel Reamer, John L. Holmes and wife, A. G. Marsh and wife, and Mr. Crooks. The first edifice 522 - HISTORY OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was erected that year on a lot nearly opposite the present building, and was a brick structure thirty-eight by fifty-two feet. The building committee were John L. Holmes, E. M. Gross, Rev. J. Metzgar, D. S. Atkinson, J. L. Davidson, Jacob Mensch, John Stough, Daniel Reamer, and Pearson Wendell. This was burned July 22, 1879, by Daniel Smithson, an incendiary, now in the penitentiary, to which he was committed for this crime. The second and present edifice was dedicated Oct. 10, 1881. It cost some twelve thousand dollars, while its predecessor was built for two thousand seven hundred dollars, exclusive of the lot. This church was organized under the auspices of Rev. J. B. Resler, who had preached here occasionally. The pastors have been Revs. Riley, William B. Dick, D. Speck, W. A. Keesley, L. B. Leassure, D. Speck (second time), W. B. Dick (second time), A. J. Hartsock, E. B. Kephart (now bishop), S. S. Kanaga, David Shearer, G. A. Funkhouser, George Keister, T. H. Kohr, W. A. Ramsey, James C. Shearer, F. Fisher, and R. L. Jones. At the dedication of the first church in October, 1857, Bishop Glossbrenner officiated. The present membership is one hundred and forty-two. The superintendent of the Sunday-school is Bennett Rask, whose predecessor for twelve years was D. S. Atkinson. The trustees are John L. Holmes, president; J. L. Davidson, secretary; Bennett Rask, treasurer; Samuel Fox, Daniel Reamer, stewards ; Daniel Reamer, J. L. Davidson, class-leaders; Samuel Fox, S. K. Henrie. The church is now erecting a neat parsonage. OTHER CHURCHES. For sketches of the Lutheran, the Methodist Episcopal, and the Roman Catholic Churches of Greensburg, see the chapter on the " Religious History," they being inserted there on account of their intimate connection with their denominational history in the county. INCORPORATION AND OFFICERS. Greensburg borough was incorporated Feb. 9, 1799, but the first ordinances were not passed until 1811. Up to the year 1853 the corporation minute-books are lost, and before that time we can give only partial lists of officers as gathered from the ordinance records.