HISTORY OF HARDIN COUNTY.

CHAPTER I.- Archaeology-Mound-Builders and Indians-Antiquities-The Different Classes of Mounds Effigies and Inclosures Sepulchral Mounds-sacrificial Mounds Temple Mounds- Mounds of Observation Memorial or Monumental Mounds-Effigies or Animal Mounds- Inclosures-Covered Ways-Sacred Inclosures-Lessons Taught by these Work-The Implements Used by the Mound-Builders and Indians-Mounds of Hardin County-Their location, Class and Size . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. .215

CHAPTER II .- The North American Indians Their Life, Language, Places of Abode and Character-The Medicine Man-The Indian Squaw - Marriage and Social Relations-Religious Belief-Original Ohio Tribes Miami Confederacy-Six Nations Location of Tribes and their Strength-Indian Wars and Expeditions-Sites of Villages-Victories and Defeats-Final Defeat of the Indians-Leading C Chiefs-Simon Girty-Peace of 1795-Tecumseh and the War of 1812 Subsequent Treaties-Indian Reservations Extinction of Indian Title in Ohio - Resume from 1754 to 1794-Hardin County as a Hunting Ground-Indian Camping Places -Shawnee Trace-Villages and Chiefs 233

CHAPTER III. - First White Men-Catholic Missionaries-French and English Trading Posts-Fort Laurens-Attempted Settlement at the Mouth of the Scioto-Salt Works - French and English Claims-English Agents -American Possession-Ohio Company's Purchase-Symmes' Purchase - Fort Harmar-Pioneer Settlements Along the Ohio -Fort Washington-First Settlement in the Virginia Military District-Nathaniel Massie-French Settlement at Gallipolis-Erection of Wayne County-Territorial Legislature-Ohio becomes a State-The Lands embraced in this County opened for Settlement-Division of the Indian Territory into Counties-Fur Traders-hull's Trail-First Settlers in Hardin County . . .259

CHAPTER IV - Pioneer History-Capture and Captivity of Simon Kenton-Capture and Escape of Dr. John Knight-Pioneers of Hardin County prior to 1828-Alfred Hale -The McArthur Family- Daniel Campbell -Samuel Tidd-James E. Hueston--Samuel and Andrew Richey and James Hill-Charles W. and Samuel Stevenson . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

CHAPTER V. - Principal Land Divisions of Ohio-The Virginia Military Lands-Congress Lands-Early Surveys-Pioneer Days and Trials - Pioneer Cabin - Furniture, Food and Medicine- Habits and Labor - Clothing and Books-Early Manners and Customs, etc. - Mills - Teamsters-Store Goods . . 298

CHAPTER VI - Hardin County Erected and Attached to Logan-Organization of Hardin County-Col. John Hardin - Elections and Electors of 1833-34-Public Buildings - Pioneer Jail-First Court House-Present Court House and Jail-County Infirmary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

CHAPTER VII. - Boundary Lines, Erection of Townships, Area and Location-Topography- Natural Drainage-Surface Features- Structure-The Niagara' Water lime, Lower Corniferous and Drift-Material Resources - Reclaiming Marsh Lands - Wild Animals and Reptiles - Timber and Sickness . 331

CHAPTER VIII - Public Officials-Members of Congress and Presidential Electors- Senators- Representatives - Judges of the Court of Common Pleas-Associate Judges -Probate Judges- Prosecuting Attorneys County Commissioners- Auditors-Treasurers-Recorder of Hardin County at Various Periods-Population and Other Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344

CHAPTER IX - Territorial Judiciary-State Judiciary Prior to 1851- Supreme Count-Court of Common Pleas - Justices of the Peace-Circuits-Judiciary since 1851 - Supreme Court-Court of Common Pleas and Judicial Districts-District Courts-Justices of the Peace-Pioneer Courts of Hardin County-Jurors, Tavern Keepers and School Examiners from 1833 to 1835 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

CHAPTER X - The Bar of Hardin County -Visiting Lawyers during the Pioneer days - Past and Present Resident Attorneys 372

CHAPTER XI - Pioneer Systems of Medical Practice-Hardin County Medical Society- Pioneer Association of Hardin County Roll of Membership .380

CHAPTER XII - Military History of Hardin County-War of 1812-Opening of Hull's Trail, and Erection of Fort McArthur-Incidents Connected with that Fort, and its subsequent abandonment- Gov. Shelby's March over the Shawnee Trace-Mexican War-Civil War-Patriotism of Hardin County-Roll of Honor-Return of Peace 391

CHAPTER XIII .- Education-School Lands - Pioneer Schools-Growth of Education - Schools for Colored Youth-Present Government of Schools 447

CHAPTER XIV - Agriculture During the Pioneer Days - Its growth and Progress-Buildings Implements and Crops of the Early Settlers- Pioneer Farming and Teaming-Laborers, Stock and Markets-Fine Stock - Hardin County Agricultural Society-Roads and Pikes-Railroads . 460

CHAPTER XV - Kenton-Location and Naming of the County Seat-Sketch of Simon Kenton- Original Town Plat and Subsequent Additions- Names of Original Lot Owners - First Settlers of the Town Site - Pioneers of Kenton-Post Office and Postmasters-Reminiscences of Kenton in 1857 . . ... 474

CHAPTER XVI .- Religious Organizations -Methodist Episcopal Church - Catholic Church- First Presbyterian Church-United Presbyterian Church-St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church - First Baptist Church -Church of Christ or Disciple Church-Reformed Church of the United States- St. Paul's Episcopal Church-First Universalist Church-African Methodist Episcopal Church-Second Baptist Church (Colored)-United Brethren Church-Public School . . . . . . . . . . 497

CHAPTER XVII .- The Press-Whig and Republican Papers-The Hardin Intelligencer- Weekly News and Hardin County Republican -Kenton Republicans -Democratic Papers-The Kenton Democrat-Kenton Herold - Democratic Expositor -Nor'western-Western Courier-Hardin County Democrat - Democratic Advocate -Kenton Democrat -Independent Papers- The Kenton News- Kenton Wochenblatt- Catholic Local News- The Medical Profession of Kenton-Secret Societies -City Officials-Fire Protection and City Buildings-Cemeteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

CHAPTER XVIII - The Leading Past and Present Manufacturing Interests of Kenton -Flour Mills-Kenton Foundry and Machine Works-Saw and Woolen Mills- Cooper Shop and Stave Factory-Breweries-Carriage arid Wagon Shops-Marble Works -Pork Packing House - Planing, Scroll Mills and Lumber Yards-Tanneries-Iron Fence Companies-Scioto Straw Board Company- Kenton Gas Company-Kenton Water Works Company -Dickson's Grand Opera House- Banks- Telegraph-Telephone and Express Offices-The Scioto Improvement- Hotels-Descriptive Review of Kenton in 1883-Conclusion . .. . . . . .542

PART IV.

TOWNSHIP HISTORIES.

ROUND HEAD TOWNSHIP . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .567

TAYLOR CREEK TOWNSHIP. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

BLANCHARD TOWNSHIP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

DUDLEY TOWNSHIP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599

GOSHEN TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613

CESSNA TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

PLEASANT TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

HALE TOWNSHIP . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

MARION TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

JACKSON TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687

MCDONALD TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

LIBERTY TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

BUCK TOWNSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

LYNN TOWNSHIP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748

PART V.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

Pleasant Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

Round Bead Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . 835

Taylor Creek Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854

Blanchard Township . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865

Dudley Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892

Goshen Township . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 908

Cessna Township . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 891

Hale Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930

Marion Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948

Jackson Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 956

Washington Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . 968

McDonald Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . ..... ... . . . . . . 975

Liberty Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .... ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 989

Buck Township . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1034

Lynn Township . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . 1054