(RETURN TO THE HENRY & FULTON COUNTY INDEX) 50 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. administration of the affairs of the county, there should be provided a courthouse, and this became one of the first duties devolving upon the commissioners. These officials made an agreement with George Stout that he should build an addition to his log tavern for the purpose indicated. This was done within a reasonable time, and a suitable room was thus provided in which justice was " meted out " until the county was sufficiently strong in point of population and wealth to afford a more pretentious building. The court-room proper was located upon the second floor of the log addition, while the other part was used by " mine host " Stout, for the purposes of trade. Courts at this time were held but twice each year, so the worthy landlord enjoyed undisputed possession most of the time. It-was the custom, too, upon the adjournment, for all to participate in a jolly, old-fashioned country dance, in which the officials, attendants, litigants, witnesses and general hangers-on should participate. This old log court-house answered the demands of the county for a number of years, but, as the town grew more populous, and the county became settled, a more adequate and attractive appearing building became necessary. In the year 1844, the first frame court-house building was erected. It stood near the corner of Perry and Washington streets, about on the site of the present building. It was a plain, two-story structure, with court-rooms on the upper floor, while the offices of the county officials were on the lower or ground floor. It was built by Michael Shuman, and cost about two thousand dollars. During these years the old jail continued in use as a place of confinement of prisoners and offenders. This log jail stood about south from the present jail, across and on the south side of the canal. This was used for all cases during the early days of the county, but as law-breakers became more frequent and desperate, the old building proved no longer secure, and until the first brick court-house was built with the jail in its basement, many of the more serious offenders were taken to Maumee City, and perhaps a few to other places. The most noted escapade from the old log jail was that of the murderers of the three unoffending Indians, an account of which will be found elsewhere in this volume. In the month of April, 1847, by an incendiary fire, the frame court-house was entirely destroyed, with it all records, books and valuable papers belonging to the several departments of county government, except a few of the tax duplicates, which were saved through the efforts of James G. Haly, then auditor of the county. This was a serious loss to the new and struggling county, and for a time each arm of the local government seemed paralyzed. The commissioners held a meeting to consider the misfortune, but with no unnecessary delay determined upon the erection of another and more substantial courthouse. But here another question was presented that for a time seriously threatened the removal of the county seat from Napoleon. HENRY COUNTY - 51 About this time there was some effort making looking toward the erection of another county, and for that purpose taking again of the lands of Henry county. But this project seemed not to have been popular and found not much determined support, but very much determined opposition. With the burning of the court-house an effort was made to have the county seat moved to Florida by the people on the west of the county, and to Damascus by those residing on the east. These movements were made most apparent in the nomination of candidates for the office of county commissioner, each locality using the greatest endeavor to nominate and elect a commissioner favorable to the particular locality he should represent. The commissioners then in office were under contract with the firm of James B. Steedman & Co. for the erection of a new county jail, and in fact the work was already commenced when the fire occurred. For a modest consideration the contractors were induced to stop work and surrender their contract. Following this, on the 7th of March, 1848, the commissioners adopted a resolution as follows: "Whereas, the subject of erecting public buildings for the county of Henry is being agitated in different parts of the county at this time ; and whereas, a majority of the people of the county are opposed to the erection of such buildings, or any contract for the same, until the subject of the removal of the county seat shall have been fairly and fully canvassed by the people at the next annual election, and their wishes acted upon by the Legislature at its next session ; therefore, "Resolved, that the subject of erecting, contracting for or constructing public buildings for Henry county, be postponed until after the rising of the next General Assembly." The result of this agitation and discussion was in the determination of the commissioners to erect new buildings on the site of the old. Two town lots were, in December, 1849, donated by the proprietors of the town for the additional grounds required for this purpose. It was provided that the courthouse and jail should be in one building, and that the county officials' quarters should be in another, separate from the first. The former to be two stories in height, and in dimensions, forty by sixty feet. The offices for county officials were to be in a building (fire-proof), twenty by sixty feet in size, and divided into four equal apartments. In January, 1850, the contract for these buildings was awarded to James Durbin, Achilles Smith and William Russell, at the price of $7,495.75. In due course of time these buildings were completed ; the combined courthouse and jail, a plain brick structure, two stories high, built with reference to convenience and practical utility rather than ornamentation. It was nevertheless a substantial and attractive appearing house of justice, and received much favorable commendation from visiting magistrates and layman of the legal fra- 52 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. ternity. The apartments for the incarceration of offenders occupied the lower portion, which was protected on the sides by heavy stone-walls, while the court-room occupied the second story. The rooms for the jury and such of the officers as were required to have offices in the building, were situated in convenient parts and well ordered. This building answered well the needs of the county for many years, butt like its predeoessor, was doomed to fall a victim to the ravages of the fiery fiend. On the night of the 8th of November, 1879, a fire broke out in what the residents were pleased to designate as "Dutch Row," which soon communicated to the adjoining buildings, and ended in a sweeping and disastrous conflagration. The court-house " caught fire " from the burning buildings and it was soon a mass of ruin and debris. Henry county was again without a court-house. Fortunately, none of the records of the county were destroyed, they being saved before fire could reach their place of keeping. On the 25th of March, 1880, the commissioners entered into a contract with Jacob Karst and William Woodruff for the erection of the new and elegant court-house, an ornament to the village of Napoleon and an honor to the county. The contract price for its construction was $79,825, and added to this the cost of furnishing, made its aggregate cost about $95,000, At the same time and in the same contract these parties were awarded the work of building the present jail and sheriff's residence, at the price of $20,000. The jail was completed during the latter part of the year 1880, but the court-house was not finished until the early months of the year 1882. During its building Beckmann Hall was used for county and court purposes. Fulton county undoubtedly has the finest court-house in northwestern Ohio. It stands on an elevated tract of land at the corner of Perry and Washington streets, from each of which avenues there is an entrance. The building is of brick with heavy and finely cut Berea sandstone trimmings. Its height, including basement and mansard roof, is four stories. In the central part and rising to a height of about one hundred and fifty feet from the ground, is a well built square tower, surmounted by a figure of justice. Beneath the figure and in the upper part of the tower is a four-dial clock. The interior of the building is admirably arranged, the main floor containing the most important of the county officers' apartments. The prosecuting attorney, sheriff and clerk have offices on the upper floor, on which, also, is the spacious and well arranged court-room, while the county surveyor, infirmary directors and janitor have offices in the basement. In rear of the court-house, and fronting on Washington street is the substantial and secure jail, connected with which is a comfortable sheriff's residence. These public buildings will stand a lasting monument to the generosity and public-spiritedness of the people of Henry county, and in this age of progress. and elaboration they can point with pardonable pride to this magnificent structure that bears favorable comparison with any in the State. HENRY COUNTY - 53 Having reviewed the leading events in connection with the erection of the county, and have furnished a record of its several public buildings, it is fully proper that this chapter should close with a roster of the persons who have been in charge of the several departments of its civil government ; but owing to the destruction of the records at the time of the first fire, in 1847, and the loss of many since, it is impossible to furnish a complete and civil list of the county from the date of its complete erection. In fact, the list here given from 1852 down to a very recent date, is taken from the files of the North-West, the leading newspaper of the county. To attempt to give a list of the officers prior to 1853, would involve the statistician in a mass of inaccuracies, as all information would necessarily be based upon the memory of man, which, at best is unreliable. The first officers of the county are mentioned in the early part of this chapter. The following record contains the names of county officers who were elected at the time indicated by the year given in each case, and will be found to be reliable. In the year 1852, those holding office under the county government were as follows : Probate judge, Harvey Allen ; clerk of the courts, A. H. Tyler ; auditor, William J. Jackson ; sheriff, Daniel Yarnell ; treasurer, George Stebbins ; prosecuting attorney, Edward Sheffield ; recorder, A. Craig ; county surveyor, Paul P. Doud ; county commissioners, David Harley, D. F. Welsted, Charles Hornung. Elected in 1852, sheriff, Henry N. Low; commissioner, Matthew Reid; coroner, David Leist. 1853. County auditor, Edward Sheffield ; treasurer, Daniel Yarnell ; recorder, Rensselaer Hudson; commissioner, John Hamler; prosecuting attorney, Justin H. Tyler ; coroner, Abel Montgomery. 1854. Probate judge, Harvey Allen ; clerk, Asa H. Tyler ; sheriff, Henry N. Low ; commissioner, Ward Woodward ; surveyor, W. H. Brownell. 1855. Auditor, Edward Sheffield; treasurer, Daniel Yarnell; commissioner, Matthew Reid ; prosecuting attorney, Justin H. Tyler. 1856. Sheriff, C. R. McWilliams ; reoorder, Rensselaer Hudson; commissioner, John Hamler. 1857. Probate judge, T. S. C. Morrison ; clerk, D. M. McCann ; auditor, J. E. Cowdrick; treasurer, H. D. Taylor ; prosecuting attorney, W. A. Choate; commissioner, George Crawford ; surveyor, Charles Hornung ; coroner, Michael Neff. 1858. Sheriff, C. R. McWilliams ; coroner, John Powell. 1859. Auditor, James E. Cowdrick ; treasurer, H. D. Taylor ; recorder, Thomas Yarnell ; prosecuting attorney, William A. Choate ; commissioner, Levi Spangler ; coroner, Reuben Reiter. 1860. Probate judge, T. S. C. Morrison; clerk, Thomas W. Durbin ; sheriff, John P. Rowan ; commissioner, George Crawford ; surveyor, Levi Coffman. 54 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. 1861. The records for this year are missing, yet James A. Parker was prosecuting attorney, and Augustin Pilloid treasurer. 1862. Sheriff, John P. Rowan ; recorder, William F. Daggett ; commissioner, Levi Spangler ; coroner, Edward Lingle ; surveyor, — Strong. 1863. Probate judge, T. S. C. Morrison; auditor, Rensselaer Hudson; treasurer, Augustin Pilloid ; clerk, Charles Reiter ; prosecuting attorney, James A. Parker ; commissioner, John C. McLain ; surveyor, Samuel L. Adams. 1864. Probate judge, John M. Haag ; sheriff, Oscar E. Barnes ; commissioner, Harrison Hudson ; coroner, Edward Lingle. 1865. Prosecuting attorney, James A. Parker ; auditor, B. F. Stout ; treasurer, C. R. McWilliams ; recorder, W. F. Daggett; commissioner, Henry Schall. 1866. Probate judge, John M. Haag ; clerk, Charles Reiter ; sheriff, Oscar E. Barnes ; commissioner, John C. McLain ; surveyor, James C. Crawford ; coroner, Jacob Diemer. 1867. Auditor, B. F. Stout ; treasurer, W. A. Tressler ; prosecuting attorney, J. L. Robertson ; commissioner, H. Hudson. 1868. Sheriff, John C. Jaqua ; recorder, J. F. Hoskinson ; commissioner, Henry Schall ; coroner, Jacob Diemer. 1869. Probate judge, James G. Haly ; clerk, Oscar E. Barnes ; auditor, Frederick Theek ; prosecuting attorney, J. L. Robertson ; treasurer, W. A. Tressler ; commissioner, Thomas W. Durbin ; surveyor, J. C. Crawford ; coroner, Henry Seeling. 1870. Sheriff, Charles Reiter ; commissioner, R. B. Calkins. 1871. Prosecuting attorney, J. L. Robertson ; treasurer, H. H. Van Fleet; recorder, R. P. Osborn; commissioner, A. J. Saygers; surveyor, Henry Kolbe; coroner, Henry Seeling. 1872. Probate judge, James G. Haly ; clerk, Oscar E. Barnes ; auditor, J. F. Theek ; sheriff, George Damn ; commissioner, Tighlman Miller. 1873. Treasurer, Henry H. Van Fleet ; prosecuting attorney, John L. Robertson ; commissioner, John Powell ; coroner, Henry Seeling. 1874. Auditor,, W. F. Daggett ; sheriff, George Daum; recorder, R. P. Osburn; prosecuting attorney, David Meekison ; commissioner, Charles Hornung; surveyor, Henry Kolbe. 1875, Probate judge, James G. Haly ; clerk, Oscar E. Barnes ; treasurer, John C. McLain ; commissioner, Daniel Yarnell ; coroner, Henry Seeling. 1876. Auditor, B. F. Stout ; sheriff, D. W. Spangler ; prosecuting attorney, David Meekison ; commissioner, Reuben Reiter. 1877. Treasurer, John C. McLain ; recorder, Daniel Hartnett ; commissioner, Charles Hornung ; surveyor, George Welsted ; coroner, Michael Neff. 1878. Probate judge, James G. Haly ; clerk, Oscar E. Barnes ; auditor, H, L. Ennes ; sheriff, George Daum ; prosecuting attorney, Martin Knupp; commissioner, Daniel Yarnell. HENRY COUNTY - 55 1879. Treasurer, Charles H. Gidley ; commissioner, Reuben Reiter ; coroner, Dr. Henry Woesterfeldt. 1880. Sheriff, George Daum ; prosecuting attorney, Martin Knupp ; recorder, Daniel Hartnett ; commissioner, W. H. Booher ; surveyor, D. P. Hudson. 1881, Probate judge, David Meekison ; clerk, Oscar E. Barnes ; auditor, Charles Evers ; treasurer, Charles Gidley ; commissioner, Henry Rohrs ; coroner, R. M. Cloud. 1882. Sheriff, Frederick Aller : prosecuting attorney, R. \V. Cahill ; commissioner, James Connelly. 1883. Treasurer, A. Pilliod ; recorder, Thomas W, Durbin ; commissioner, W. H. Booher ; surveyor, D. P. Hudson ; coroner, R. M. Cloud. 1884. Probate judge, David Meekison; clerk, James Donovan ; sheriff, Frederick Aller ; auditor, Charles Evers ; commissioner, Henry Rohrs. 1885. Treasurer, J. C. Waltemire ; prosecuting attorney, R. W. Cahill; commissioner, George Daum ; coroner, R. M. Cloud. 1886. Sheriff, E. T. Barnes ; recorder, Thomas W. Durbin ; commissioner, W. N. Zierolf ; surveyor, Charles N. Schwab. The present officers of Henry county are as follows : Probate judge, David Meekison ; treasurer, J. C. Waltemire ; auditor, Charles Evers ; clerk of the courts, James Donovan ; recorder, Thomas \V. Durbin ; sheriff, Elbert T. Barnes ; prosecuting attorney, R. W. Cahill ; surveyor, Charles N. Schwab ; coroner, Conrad Bitzer ; county commissioners, George Daum, Henry Rohrs, William N. Zierolf; infirmary directors, Henry Bostleman, Kimball Rakestraw and Peter Schall. CHAPTER VIII. Historical Incidents and Localities Connected with Henry County—Simon Girty—A Tale of the Early War—Logan's Frdelity Proved—The Black Swamp—Killing of Four Indians. THERE is, perhaps, no locality within the bounds of the State of Ohio that has been more rich with historic events, during the latter part of the past and the early part of the present century, than the valley of the Maumee River; and while the whole valley has been the scene of many a bloody tragedy, many a conflict at arms between contending hosts, there was enacted but comparatively few scenes of strife and bloodshed within the borders of that which now constitutes the county of Henry. The early chapters of this volume have recounted the various events and incidents of the valley, and it does not become this chapter to furnish more than to such incidents as can be located in their occurrence to this county. 56 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. From the village of Napoleon up the Maumee, a distance of about five miles, is located what have been termed " Girty's Point," and " Girty's Island," so named and called from the fact of its having been the residence and place of refuge of Simon Girty, the renegade white savage, who, in his desire to be like the Indians, by whom he was in boyhood adopted, and to imitate them in all their barbarous customs "out-Indianed" the savages themselves, and perpetrated acts of devilishness and inhuman cruelty upon white captives that would have brought a blush of shame upon the most depraved of the red men of the forest. The history of Simon Girty has been read by, and is familiar to every man, woman and child in the whole Maumee Valley, and all historians generally agree upon the facts of his life and deeds ; yet, of late years, in which there seems to be a general tendency to lessen the seriousness of past events, some writers have inclined to deal more moderately with Girty, and some have even gone so far as to intimate that he was "more sinned against than sinning," thus showing him and his character in the light of a martyr, rather than of the inhuman, rapacious, merciless, and devilish cut-throat and villain that he was. There seems to have been a strong vein of inhuman and unnatural inclination running throughout the whole Girty family ; the father was given to the excessive use of intoxicants, to obtain which he was restrained by no influence; he had no loftier ambition than to get drunk, and usually found means to gratify it. He was abusive and heartless, possessed of no sense of manliness or even decency. His wife, too, formed improper associates, but for her there is a sentiment of charity and forgiveness. They had four sons, Thomas, Simon George and James. All of these, except Thomas, were taken by the Indians in Braddock's unfortunate campaign on the Pennsylvania frontier. Each was adopted by an Indian tribe, Simon, the subject of this sketch, by the Senecas, the most fierce of the tribes forming the Iroquois confederacy. One act of honor, however, must be credited to Simon Girty. He and Simon Kenton were scouts together during what was known as Dunmore's war, serving faithfully and efficiently under command of Lord Dunmore. Some years after this war Kenton was captured by the Indians, subjected to the most cruel torture, and finally condemned to death at the stake. About this time Girty, who was known among the savages as "Katepacomen," appeared, recognized his friend and at once interceded in his behalf, but without avail ; for once the mighty influence of Katepacomen over his savage associates had no force. Kenton, however, was not burned, but through the power of " Logan," he was transferred to another quarter, and subsequently managed to escape. It is not the purpose of this sketch to furnish a detail of the life of Simon Girty, but only to describe briefly the renegade, who, without friends, having antagonized the Indians and outraged the whites in every possible manner, found a place of refuge and concealment within the bounds of what is now HENRY COUNTY - 57 Henry county. It was not that a price was set upon the head of the renegade that he was sought, but there were many hardy, determined men, sufferers through the loss of friends and relations, at the hands of Girty, who had determined upon vengeance. It was these men who wanted Simon Girty and made his later life one of misery and remorse, hunted hke a deer, yet he escaped them. Every part of the Northwest was well known to Girty, and in looking for a refuge of safety none more secure could be found than the famed " black swamp." It was in this, and opposite an island of some considerable extent, on the bank of the Maumee, that the renegade fixed his temporary abode. His cabin stood upon the bank of the river and here he lived, but in times of pursuit, for the scoundrel seemed to scent danger in the air, he would retire to the densely wooded island, where any attempt to find him was useless and only exposed the pursuers to the unerring aim of hi deadly rifle. How long Girty remained in this place is not known accurately. Authorities seem to disagree and but few furnish information that can be relied upon on this point, and on the finale of Girty's career as well. Some affirm that he died of the infirmities of age, while others assert that his end was tragic. It is of no great moment, however, as to what his lifels ending was, and the event did not occur here. The place of his habitation on the river is, of course, entirely obliterated, and the island, too, is, in part, cleared and in a state of cultivation ; a portion, however, remains something as it was in 'the days of Girty, densely wooded and covered with a thick and almost impenetrable undergrowth. The whole locality is so changed now by improvement and cultivation that were the renegade to return in person he would not recognize the place. A story is current that the ghost, or spirit, of Girty still haunts the island, and can be seen (but not interviewed) occasionally. Concerning this we may hope, charitably, that his spirit may find some respite from everlasting torment, and if it commits no greater offense than to occasionally visit the uncultivated part of the island, the quiet people of the vicinity will pardon such an intrusion. It is not thought, however, that any person will seriously maintain a belief that the redoubtable Simon still lingers about the place, even in spirit. It has been said that none of the tragic scenes of the war were enacted within the limits of Henry county, but rather that this country bordering on the river was only the thoroughfare of travel between more important points. The several Indian tribes living along the Maumee frequently passed up and down, as occasion prompted, either on errands of peace or war ; and it is true, too, that the army of General Wayne, and other forces of armed whites, passed through this locality. Wayne camped for a short time at the place formerly called " Prairie du Masque," but now known as " Damascus," yet there was no hostile meeting in these parts, unless verification be given the story as related and written by an old and respected resident of the country, whose annals this vol- 58 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. ume contains. The story, or legend, or tradition, whichever it may be, was written for one of the county papers, and from that it is wholly taken, except the name of the writer. The scene of the contest was on, or very near, the site of the village of Napoleon. It seems, as the story goes, that Logan's fidelity to the cause of the Americans was seriously doubted by many persons, and the suspicion coming to the ears of that famous warrior, seriously mortified him, whereupon he determined to prove anew his loyalty and honor. Accordingly, on the 22d of November, 1812, accompanied by Captains John and Brighthorn, he started the second time for the Rapids, resolved to bring in a prisoner or scalp, or lose his own. Having proceeded down the north side of the Maumee about ten miles, the present site of Florida, they met a British officer—the eldest son of Captain Elliott— accompanied by Winne- mac, the celebrated Pottawattamie chief, and five Indians, four of them being on horseback and too strong for Logan's force, there being seven of the enemy to only three of his party. Seeing no chance of escape, Logan at once determined to pass them under the pretense of friendship and a desire to communicate to the British certain information. With this determination he and his two men advanced to the party, and to the surprise of Logan he found one of them was his old enemy, Winnemac, who knew Logan well, and fully aware of his friendship for and adherence to the American cause. But nevertheless Logan still persisted in his first course, telling them he was on his way to communicate with the British. After a conversation with them for some time, they moved towards the British lines, whereupon Winnemac and his companions turned and followed them, desiring to accompany them thither. As they traveled on together, says McCaffee, Winnemac and his party closely watched them, and when they had proceeded seven or eight miles to the mouth of a creek, which would bring them to a point between Trowbridge's stave factory and the river, as the old trail run at this point between the canal and river, Winnemac at this point proposed to the British officer that they seize Logan and his party and tie them. The officer replied that they were completely within his power, and that if they attempted to run the horses could easily run them down, or they could be shot. This conversation was overheard by Logan. He previously intended to go on with them peaceably until night and then make his escape, but he now formed the bold design of extricating himself by a combat with more than double his number. Having signified this determination to his men, Logan commenced the attack by shooting down Winnemac himself. The action lasted until they had fired three rounds apiece, during which time Logan and his brave companions drove the enemy nearly two miles, and separated them from their horses. By the first fire both Winnemac and Elliot fell ; by the second a young Ottawa chief lost his life, and another of the enemy was mortally wounded. A bout HENRY COUNTY - 59 the conclusion of the combat, which must have been on or near the farm now owned by George Patrick, at which time Logan himself, while stooping down, received a ball just below the breast bone. It ranged downward and lodged under the skin on his back. In the mean time Brighthorn was also wounded by a ball that passed through his thigh. Another of the enemy also bit the dust at this time. As soon as Logan was wounded he ordered a retreat. Both he and Brighthorn jumped on horses of the enemy, and both rode to Winchester's camp at Defiance, a distance of about twenty miles, in five hours. Captain John, after taking the scalp of the Ottawa chief, also retreated in safety and arrived in Defiance the next morning. Logan had now vindicated his character as a brave and faithful soldier and friend to the American cause from the obloquy which had been unjustly thrown upon him ; but he preserved his honor at the expense of the next best gift of heaven—his life. His wound proved mortal. He lived days in agony, which he bore with uncommon fortitude, and died with the utmost composure and resignation. More firmness and consummate bravery has seldom appeared on the military theatre. Said Winchester in his letter to the commanding general: " He was buried with all the honor due to his rank, and with sorrow as sincerely displayed as I ever witnessed." Said Major Hardin in a letter to Governor Shelly : " His physiognomy was formed on the best model, and exhibited the strongest marks of courage, good humor and sincerity." It was said by the Indians that the British offered one hundred and fifty dollars for his scalp. He had been very serviceable to our cause by actin` as a guide and spy. He had gone with General Hull to Detroito and with the first Kentucky troops who marched to the relief of Fort Wayne. The foregoing story will not, in all respects, accord with the life and death of Logan, as it has been written by historians of recognized ability and research, nor will it fully harmonize, in sonic particulars, with statements made in this work relating to the Indian occupation and events of the territory under consideration; yet on the whole, the story is a good one and worthy of a place in these annals, and an earnest desire to portray the facts and incidents, and all of them, of the territory treated, impels its reproduction here. The Black Swamp.—Here was, many years ago, an extensive tract of land, lying in part within the county of Henry. It has its history, and like all other parts of this comparatively new country, that history has been made in its transformation from swamp lands into broad and well cultivated fields, no better than which lies within the State of Ohio. In the year 1846, when this county was in a comparatively unimproved condition, Henry Howe, with assistants, made a tour of the State, gathering data for his " Historical Collections" of Ohio. In his iourneyings Mr. Howe visited the famous "Black Swamp," and at a time when the same existed in its "full force and virtue." In describing it in his sketch of Henry county, he 60 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. says: "A greater part of this county is covered by the famous 'Black Swamp.' This tract reaches over an extent of country of one hundred and twenty miles in length, with an average breadth of forty miles, about equaling, in area, the State of Connecticut. It is, at present, thinly settled and has a population of about fifty thousand; but probably in less than a century, when it shall be cleared and drained, it will be the garden of Ohio, and support half a million of people. The surface is generally high and level, and sustains a dense growth of forest trees, among which beech, ash, elm and oak, cotton-wood, and poplar most abound. The branches and foliage of this magnificent forest are almost impenetrable to the rays of the sun, and its gloomy silence remained unbroken until disturbed by the restless emigrants of the west. It is an interesting country to travel through. The perfect uniformity of the soil, the level surface of the ground alike retaining and alike absorbing water, has given to the forest a homogeneous character; the trees are all generally of the same height, so that when viewed at a distance through the haze, the forests appear like an immense blue wall stretched across the horizon. It is yet the abode of wild animals: flocks of deer are occasionally seen bounding through its labyrinths, flowers and flowering shrubs bloom in its midst and beautiful birds make it vocal with melody. "Throughout the swamp, a mile or two apart, are slight ridges of limestone, from forty rods to a mile wide, running usually in a westerly direction, and covered with black walnut, butternut, red elm and maple. The top soil of the swamp is about a foot thick and composed of black, decayed, vegetable matter, extremely fertile. Beneath this and extending several feet, is a rich, yellow clay having large quantities of fertilizing substances of lime and silex. Lower still is a stratum of black clay of great depth. The water of the swamp is unpleasant to the taste from containing a large quantity of sulphur; it is, however, healthy and peculiarly beneficial to persons of a costive habit, or having diseases of the blood. The soil is excellent for grain and almost all productions." Such, then, was the " Black Swamp," forty and more years ago. It is true, as the historian states, that it covered a major portion of Henry county, but from its vast extent, this county lay on the margin of the swamp, the Maumee being practically its northern boundary. It is frequently understood that the swamp occupied the territory on both sides of the river, but this theory seems hardly well founded. The lands generally throughout the county were, before being drained, swampy or marshy, and the soil in many places partook of the peculiar distinguishing character of the swamp lands proper, but they formed no part of what has properly been termed the "Black Swamp." The speculations, too, of the worthy historian have proved true, wherein he says : "But probably in less than a century, when it shall be cleared and drained, it will be the garden of Ohio." There is to-day no more fertile land, or more HENRY COUNTY - 61 productive land within the State than can be found within the old "Black Swamp." While its fertility was quite well known during the early days of the county, there were but few of the pioneers that had the hardihood to attempt the development of it its locality was exceedingly unhealthy and it abounded in agues and fevers and other kindred diseases. For these reasons the development of this section was delayed and the struggling pioneer sought other lands which were less difficult of improvement, and wherein health and life were not endangered. It was in the year 1835, soon after the civil organization of the county was completed and its officers chosen, that one Brown was charged with having murdered an Indian. The culprit was arraigned before "Squire" Strong, but for a lack of evidence sufficient to hold him, he was discharged. He immediately left the vicinity, fearing that the companions of the Indian would enforce the law according to their own "primitive custom." It was but a short time after the event just narrated happened, that three ,Wyandot Indians were found murdered in the south part of the county, whither they had come to hunt and trap game. Two young men named Lyons and Anderson were arrested arid charged with the crime. They stoutly protested innocence, however, but were confined in the old log jail awaiting trial. They managed to escape and made themselves scarce in these parts. One was subsequently re-captured, tried and acquitted. The Indians were quite inoffensive creatures, named Summadewat, Canwaan and Nancy, the wife of Canwaan. One of them was a minister of the gospel among the Wyandot Indians. 62 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. CHAPTER IX. A GENERAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL VIEW OF HENRY COUNTY ; ITS CIVIL DIVISIONS. HENRY county occupies a position in that portion of the State of Ohio, that is generally termed the Northwest, and in northwestern Ohio its position is nearly central ; it is removed but the width of a single county, Ful-ton, from the Michigan State line on the north, and but a single tier of coun-ties intervene between its west boundary and the State of Indiana. It is bounded on the north by Fulton, east by Wood, south by Putnam, and west by Defiance county. The county seat, Napoleon, is of latitude north forty-one degrees and twenty-two minutes, and longitude west eighty-four degrees and seven minutes. The geographical location, in the county, of the county-seat is in the northwest part, perhaps some eight or ten miles from the central part of the county, and was established by the commissioners appointed by the Legislature, at variance with the usual custom of locating the seat of justice as near as possible to the geographical center of the county. But in justice to the worthy commissioners who fixed the county seat, it must be said that their duties were as faithfully and conscientiously performed as could be done. The county seat must be situate on the beautiful and historic Maumee, and no more avail-able, appropriate, or central location could be designated than the then little settlement in Napoleon township. The commissioners could not, of course, foresee the reduction of the countyls territory in the erection of Defiance and Fulton counties, but by these formations, and the surrender of Henry county's territory for them, the county seat was left in a position still further removed from the geographical center of the county, as now constituted. As originally laid out by the act of the Legislature creating it, the county was embraced in a substantially square, solid block of land, containing near five hundred and seventy-five square miles of territory ; but the erection of Defiance county took three townships from the west side, or some one hundred and eight square miles, leaving to the county its extreme northwest township, Ridgeville, projecting westward from this, between the counties of Defiance and Fulton. Again, in the erection of Fulton county, Henry was called upon to yield her land therefor, and, although no whole townships were taken, the townships of Ridgeville, Freedom, Liberty and Washington lost-each_aLleasteight. square miles, or a total of thirty. two." It is not deemed necessary for the pur- HENRY COUNTY - 63 poses of this chapter to .recite the erection of Lucas county, and a description of the lands of this county that were taken therefor. By far the most important of the natural characteristics, or features of Henry county, is the presence and existence of the Maumee River. This stream enters the county from the west, at a point abont two miles south of the boundary line, between the townships of Flatrock and Napoleon, thence it flows in a course generally east by north, until section two, of Flatrock town- ship is reached, at which point the course of the river bears north with a slight inclination west, and so holds for a distance of about three miles, when it bears to the northeast, and passes from Napoleon township into the northern part of Harrison, which it crosses in a generally east direction, until Damascus town- ship is reached. Its course across the latter is also about due east, with a slight bend in the vicinity of Texas ; and it leaves the county at the northeast part of the last named township, nearly between sections one and twelve. On the north side of the river and bearing substantially the same course, is the Miami and Erie Canal; and, while the latter is by no means one of the natural characteristics of the county, it is., nevertheless, an important factor in connec- tion with the drainage system of the county. This canal was projected dur- ing the "thirties ; " the contracts for construction, in this neighborhood, at least, were let in or about the year 1837, but the highway proper was not opened for traffic until the year 1843. Old settlers, who have watched the events of the past, will recall this memorable occasion, upon which Lewis Cass made the opening address. The event, however, did not take place within this county or State, but in the State of Indiana, on the west. In addition to the utility of the canal as a thoroughfare for boat navigation, and as a receptacle for drainage water in many parts of the county, its waters also are utilized as a source of powers for many mills and manufactories in the county that are situate between it and the river. That, by drawing off of this water for mill and factory purposes, the supply for regular navigation purposes may not be exhausted, the river has been dammed at convenient points, and its water used to replenish and keep up the canal supply, which process and erection necessary for the purpose are termed as "feeders." In the county, on the north side of the river, the canal receives nearly all of the drainage water, both natural and artificial, while on the south side the river alone carries off the surplus. None, however, of the streams of the county, except the river, is of any considerable magnitude, and few, if any, can be relied upon to furnish power at any time except during the winter and early spring ; for this reason, therefore, there are found no water-mills away from the channel of the Maumee. Another of the natural characteristics of Henry county (now a thing of the past) was the existence of the famous Black Swamp, which originally cov- 64 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. ered the larger part of the county's area, and struck terror to the heart of the early pioneer. The vast body of land that was formerly a part of this swamp, is now counted among the richest and most productive farming lands to be found within the borders of the county. Being the subject of special mention in another chapter of this work, no repetition of it is here needed. In the year 1820, by an act of the State Legislature, the county of Henry was given a life. At that time, and for several years afterward, there were but very few residents within its borders, as defined by the act. For the purpose of perfecting some system of organization, and exercising some sort of civil jurisdiction over it, it was, with other counties, consolidated, thereby including a sufficient population within the whole of them to warrant municipal control subordinate to the civil control of the State. In the year 1821 the county was surveyed and townshi s established, not however, estabhshed, or formed to the extent of having a local civil organization, but in accordance with the necessity and order for sub-division into convenient bodies of land for purposes of designation, and in contemplation of future settlement, growth, and development. In the year 1823 the county entire was organized into a township, or election district, and called Damascus. There has been, and still is, some speculation as to the origin, or derivation of the name Damascus, as applied in this connection. There did exist, at a point down the river some miles, many years ago, a trading post, or village, known by the French name of "Prairie du Mask," or " Prairie du Masque," and it is thought, and with much show of reason, that the prefix word "Prairie" had been dropped, and the remainder corrupted, or transformed into the name Damascus, changing its original character entirely and adding the last syllable to give euphony. However this may be, it is a question quite impossible to solve at this day, as difficult at least as it is to determine why the county seat was named " Napoleon." In regard to each of these, and the reason of it we must be content with the old and familiar saying : " It was done because it was done, and that's the end on't." In the year 1835, by virtue of an act of the Legislature, passed at the last preceding session civil organization of Henry county was erected, and from that time dates the separate organization o ter several townships, although they were not so organized at the same time. It seems, unfortunately, that in the disastrous fire of 1847, the court-house, together with all the county records, was destroyed, and with that loss was also destroyed the position and exact date of the formation of the several townships previously erected, leaving only the imperfect township records, and the " memory of man " to be relied upon. The former have, to say the least, been carelessly kept, in most instances, thus placing them on the same level with the memory of man, not confidently to be relied upon. Such records, however, as have been preserved HENRY COUNTY - 65 concerning the formation of the townships, and dates thereof, will be found in connection with the history of each, which appears elsewhere in this volume. There are, in Henry county, thirteen separate township organizations, each of which, with the exception of the four constituting the north tier, contains, or at their original survey did contain, thirty-six square miles (sections) of land. The four townships excepted from the above statement are Ridgeville, Freedom, Liberty and Washington. Liberty and Washington, however, since their original survey, have been extended so as to embrace all the land lying between their then south boundary and the Maumee River. For this extension the townships of Harrison and Damascus surrendered territory, the former to Liberty, and the latter to Washington. The several townships of the county, naming them promiscuously, are as follows: Ridgeville, Freedom, Liberty, Washington, Napoleon, Harrison, Damascus, Flat Rock, Monroe, Richfield, Pleasant, Marion and Bartlow, concerning each of which a detailed chapter will be found elsewhere in this work. CHAPTER X. GEOLOGY OF HENRY COUNTY. BEFORE speaking of the geology of Henry county, it will be well to give a short sketch of the general geological conditions of the Maumee Valley. Maumee Valley.—The latest open sea that covered the valley of the Maumee was that of the Devonian age, and the highest grade of fossils that were found in its rocks are those of fishes. The Carboniferous age being above the Devonian, it is then useless to look for coal in the valley. After the Devonian age came the Glacial epoch with its mighty glaciers, that extended from the pole to Southern Ohio, covering Northwestern Ohio many hundreds of feet deep in ice, which was not in a state of rest, but went plowing with resistless force across the country, scooping out the beds of the great lakes, grinding off the surface of the rocks, reducing them to powder and scattering the debris over the bare rocks, covering them up, and thus laying the foundation of soil upon which vegetation could grow, and air- breathing animals could live. The marks upon the rocks show that the general course of the glacial flow was up the valley in a general southwestern direction. There is a continuous ridge along the eastern banks of the St. Jo- 66 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. seph and St. Mary's rivers, which marks the point at which a change of climate took place. The glacial stream was arrested and a deposit of boulders, sand and gravel was made. During the melting of this large body of ice there were great floods of water, which could not be discharged in the direction of Lake Erie, as the space was covered with ice many hundreds of feet in thickness. This water was, therefore, discharged through what is now known as the Wabash Valley, into the Mississippi and the Gulf. This great flow of water dug out the present bed of the Wabash River, which is now an unimportant stream, yet the width and depth of the valley shows that it was once the bed of a mighty river. After the melting of the ice the Maumee Valley was covered with an immense lake, having its western shore at the ridge just mentioned. This lake remained for ages a quiet sea of fresh water, and with its deposits of fine clay covered up the scars left by the ice, and left a smooth plain covered with a material in itself rich in plant food, which, owing to its tenacity formed the best possible basis for the remarkably fertile soil which now covers it. After a long period of time another ridge was formed near to and parallel with the first ridge, which had a height of 20 feet above the present surface of the lake. This second ridge had an elevation of 195 feet. Again after a long lapse of time, the third ridge was formed, parallel with the two others, at an elevation above the lake of 170 feet. This ridge is known as the Belmore Ridge, and enters Henry county at Freedom Mills post-office, passing through Ridgeville Corners, and crossing the Maumee River at Independence, in Defiance county. This ridge, after crossing the river, passes through Pleasant township, and also Marion township, in Henry county, near the villages of New Bavaria and Richland. This is a low sandy ridge, generally but a few rods wide, and only four or five feet high. The fourth beach is marked by a sandy territory reaching from Sylvania, in Lucas county, to a point a few miles below Napoleon, and lies north of the Maumee River. This tract, though not remarkable for its fertility, contains a mine of wealth, inasmuch as it furnishes an inexhaustible supply of the best quality of glass sand. It is now being shipped in immense quantities from Sylvania and Monclova, in Lucas county, for that purpose. The shipping of the sand has received a great impetus since the discovery of natural gas. Large glass manufactories will soon be established on this beach and will be supplied with gas by piping, and the shipping of the sand saved. This beach has an elevation of from sixty to ninety feet. The fifth beach constitutes the present shore of the lake. If present conditions continue, it is only a question of time when Lake Erie will disappear, and in its valley there will flow an immense river, which will carry the waters of the Great Lakes, that now flow through and constitute Lake HENRY COUNTY - 67 Erie. Niagara Falls has already worn its way from Lewiston to its present location. This wearing away of the barrier will continue until Lake Erie is tapped at or near Buffalo, when Lake Erie will be a thing of the past, and the space now occupied by its shallow waters, will be a fertile plain, supporting an immense population. At no distant date northwestern Ohio (of which the Maumee Valley constitutes the greater portion), owing to its late discoveries of gas and oil, will be called upon to support a denser population than any other portion of the continent of equal area. The great agricultural resources of this region will enable it to comply with this demand of the future. Drainage.—The drainage of the Maumee Valley is towards the Maumee River and Lake Erie ; that on the north side of the river is southeast, while that on the south side is towards the northeast. A peculiar feature of the drainage of the valley is that the St. Joseph River, which, uniting with the Au Glaize at Defiance, forms the Maumee River, receives all its important tributaries from its right bank. This is also true of Bean Creek, the waters from the left bank flowing away from these streams. This is reversed on the south side of the Maumee, the Au Glaize receiving all its important tributaries from the left bank. The Wabash takes its rise near the edge of the Maumee Valley, and receives its tributaries from its left bank, the water from near the right bank flowing into the Au Glaize. Henry County. Henry County lies very near the center the famous Black Swamp. The Maumee River divides it very nearly in the center. Its area aggregates two hundred and sixty-two thousand one hundred and six acres of land. The average assessed value of this land in 1880 was $12.78. An assessment made at this time (1887) would place it at from sixteen to twenty dollars per acre. The general character of the drainage of the county is that of the Maumee Valley. Several small streams empty into the Maumee from its northern side, while but one of importance, the South Fork of Turkey Foot, flows into it from its southern side. The southeastern portion of the county is drained by the Portage River and Beaver Creek, which unite and empty into Lake Erie at Port Clinton, in Ottawa county, Ohio. The county is an even prairie, having few undulations, except those made by the washing of the streams. The amount of fall is from four to six feet to the mile, giving all the fall needed for effectual drainage, if done with a reasonable amount of engineering skill. The rock exposures of the county are confined to the bed and banks of the Maumee. Near Florida, in Flat Rock township, there are exposures of the Huron shales and the Hamilton Group. In the lower portion of the former there is a strata of black limestone, which is very hard, and makes a good 68 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. quality of water-lime. In the effort to find gas, a well was bored in 1886 in Napoleon. The following strata were passed through by the drill, viz. : Forty feet of clay, under which there was found eight feet of sand and gravel, which furnished an abundant supply of pure water, making forty-eight feet of drift. Then followed Huron shale, a portion of which was hard black limestone, sixty-five feet. Then followed the Upper Helderberg limestone, one hundred feet deep. Beneath this was six hundred feet of the Lower Helderberg limestones; Niagara limestone, two hundred and twelve feet ; Clinton limestone, ninety-five feet ; Medina and Hudson River shales, three hundred and sixty feet ; Utica shales, three hundred feet. Underneath this there lies an unknown depth of Trenton limestones. No strata of sandstone was found in the well. At a depth of seventy-five feet a strong stream of sulphur water was found, which rises to within a few feet of the top. Several other streams were found, the last at a depth of one thousand feet. The surface of the ground at the well is six hundred and sixty-seven feet above the level of the sea. Another well is being bored one-half mile north of well No. 1, which begins at six hundred and fifty-four feet above tide. The present depth (September 3, 1887) is one thousand, five hundred and eighty-two feet. The strata passed through are very similar to No. 1, meeting the different strata at somewhat less depth. In well No. 2 a very strong stream of sulphur water was found at a depth of two hundred and fifty feet, which flows with a powerful stream from the top of the well. Another well was bored in Napoleon some years ago, and also one in the village of Texas, about ten miles below, on the river. No record of the geology of these wells was kept. All of these wells furnish an abundant supply of valuable water for medicinal purposes, and are thronged with persons seeking their curative properties. Drainage.—The character of the drift in Henry county makes thorough and deep drainage an absolute necessity—without it, the best results in the production of crops cannot possibly be attained. The surface being very level, and the underlying clay very retentive of moisture, the natural condition of the soil in a wet season is wet and cold, producing poor crops. In a dry season the ground is hard and dry, so that the roots of crops cannot penetrate deeply enough to reach moisture, and again a short crop results. But this difficulty can be overcome through tile drainage to the average depth of four feet. The soil is warmed and pulverized to the depth of the tile, and is prepared for planting at least ten days earlier in the spring, and the soil is kept warm and free from frost, at least ten days longer in the fall, thus adding about three weeks to the growing season. This gives abundant time for any crop to mature that is suitable to this latitude. Deep drainage is at once a safeguard against too great an amount of rain, HENRY COUNTY - 69 and also against too little. This may appear strange, yet it is true. Air is admitted to the depth of the tile, and forms a constant circulation through the ground. If the tile is placed at the depth of four feet, it insures the cooling of the air below the dew point. The result of this is, that the moisture that it always in the air, even in the driest time, will be deposited in the soil that surrounds the tile. If you dig down to the tile, you will find the soil and tile moist and cool, and you will find that the roots of the clover, timothy, wheat or corn, have reached down to the moist earth, and their growth shows clearly that they have not suffered from drouth, while on undrained land the surface soil is entirely exhausted of moisture, and the underlying clay is baked so hard that the roots cannot penetrate it. A failure of the crop results. Suppose the tile is laid at a depth of thirty inches—this will insure a crop in a wet season. Let us see how it will work in a dry one. The air enters the tile just as freely when thirty inches deep as when four feet deep ; but in the former case the earth is warmed to a depth of thirty inches or more, and the air is not cooled below the dew-point, and consequently does not deposit its moisture, therefore no benefit results ; on the other hand it may be a damage, as the warm air in passing through the soil will carry along with it what little moisture there is in the soil. This is not mere theory, but has long been a demonstrated fact, and is thoroughly consistent with scientific principles. The difference then between a deeply drained soil and a shallow drained or an entirely undrained soil, is the exact difference between success and failure in a series of years. The latitude of Napoleon, the county seat, is N. 41 ̊ 22'. The longitude is W. 84̊ 7'. Areas of low barometer are mostly formed west of the Mississippi River ; are somewhat elliptical in shape and pass across the country in a direction somewhat north of east, passing out of the country, a majority of them, along the line of the St. Lawrence River. The centers of these low areas usually pass north of Toledo, but a small per cent. of them passing south of that point. Now it is a well established law of tornadoes, that they almost invariably occur in the southeastern quadrant of the storm or low areas. This accounts for the fact that we so seldom suffer from these terrible visitations, as we are too far north for this storm area ; while tornadoes are common, and very destructive to life and property, in Central and Southern Ohio, we are seldom seriously affected. The annual temperature of this county is between 50 and 52 degrees Fahrenheit, and the rainfall from thirty-six to thirty-eight inches, giving all the climatic conditions needed for the best results in agriculture. The extremes of temperature are about 100 degrees in summer, and 200̊ below zero in winter. The advantages of Henry county, are a remarkably fertile soil, a favorable climate, and freedom from epidemic diseases. Therefore, nothing but ignorance and want of enterprise can hinder her from taking her place as one of the most prosperous counties of the State. 70 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. Gas. —Up to this date (Sept. 5, 1887) no high pressure gas has been found in the county. The Huron shale is the surface rock in the northwestern portion of the county ; this disappears a short distance south of the Maumee River. When digging a well on the fair ground in the southern part of the corporate limits of Napoleon, low pressure gas was found near the surface of the Huron shale, sufficient in quantity to heat and light a large dwelling. In many places gas been found when searching for water ; sometimes in considerable quantities. In the northwestern part of the county, low pressure gas could be found in a great many places in sufficient quantities to warm and light one or more dwellings, and possibly furnish power for some light machinery. All that is required is a small amount of money, and some enterprise. If some enterprising farmer sets the example, others will soon follow. Owing to the fact that the gas is found in the surface rock, high pressure gas need not be looked for in that strata. In order to have high pressure gas, a solid cover of rock must overlie the stratum that contains the gas, to prevent its easy escape. Gas springs are very common in this part of the county. It is, therefore, believed by many that gas may be found at such places, by deep boring. This reasoning is fallacious. The gas from the gas springs escapes from the surface rock, because it has nothing to confine it. Gas is always found near the surface of the rock that contains it, and is no indication that deeper lying rocks also contain it. CHAPTER XI. The Titles to Lands of Ohio—Original Claimants--Extinguishment of Indian Titles—Surveys in this Region. THE territory that now constitutes the State of Ohio was first of all in the full possession of the race of Mound-builders; afterwards, but still in the pre-historic age, its sole occupants and owners for some centuries were unquestionably those Indian tribes who are found already mentioned in this volume. They, as well as the Mound-builders, held titles acquired by priority of discovery, by conquest, by occupancy or possession. Various historians of accredited veracity and research state that the adventurous La Salle, in 1670, accompanied by a few heroic followers, passed from Lake Erie south, over the Portage into the Allegheny River, perhaps by way of one of its numerous tributaries, and from thence down into the Ohio, which. they descended as far as the falls on that river (at Louisville), and that they were therefore the first of European birth to enter upon the soil of Ohio. HENRY COUNTY - 71 In 1679 the intrepid La Salle, with a party of some thirty or more Frenchmen sailed along the entire length of the southern shore of Lake Erie in the Griffin, a small vessel of about sixty tons burthen. Again, three years later, 1682, the same voyager descended the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, the latter to its mouth ; and in 1684 he sailed along the Gulf of Mexico, past the mouth of the Mississippi, to a point in Texas, and landing there became its discoverer. These facts are noted for the reason that upon these voyages of discovery, reinforced with the provisions of some European treaties, that France laid her claim of title to the whole territory north-west of the Ohio River. France not only asserted ownership an.] held possession of the territory that now constitutes Ohio, from the time of the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, until the treaty of Paris, in 1763, by which peace was established between France and England, but she also exercised authority and maintained control over it by military force, and this, too, in defiance of titles set up by Great Britain, one of which was based upon the treaties made with the Iroquois or Six Nation Indians, who claimed title to the whole country by conquest and subjugation. By conquest and treaty provisions, Great Britain came into possession in 1763, which possession she maintained substantially, until the close of the Revolution, when, by the treaty at Paris, in 1783, and ratified in the American Congress in January, 1784, ownership was vested in the United States. The latter, in October of the same year, extinguished the title of the Six Nations to the Ohio Valley. By the treaties at Forts McIntosh and Finney, held respectively in 1785 and 1786, all Indian titles to Ohio territory were extinguished, except that portion situate chiefly between the Cuyahoga and Maumee Rivers. By the terms of the treaty at Fort Stanwix, concluded with the Iroquois, or Six Nations, in October, 1784, the indefinite claim of the confederacy to the greater part of the Valley of the Ohio River was extinguished. The commissioners of Congress acting upon this occasion were Oliver Wolcott, Richard Butler and Arthur Lee. The chiefs Cornplanter and Red Jacket represented the Indians. The treaty at Fort McIntosh, in January, 1785, extinguished the title of the resident Indians to the Ohio Valley, and established the western boundary line of the lands confirmed to the United States at the Cuyahoga River and along the main branch of the Tuscarawas to its forks, near Fort Lawrence ; then westerly to the Portage between the headwaters of the Great Miami and the Maumee or Miami of the lakes ; thence down the river to the lake (Erie) and along the lake to the mouth of Cuyahoga. This treaty relinquished the rights of the Delawares, Wyandots, Ottawas and Chippewas. The subsequent treaty of Fort Finney, in January, 1786, extinguished the rights of the Shawnese in the territory bounded above. 72 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. The treaty made in January, 1795, and known as the treaty of Fort Harmer, was, in the main, confirmatory of treaties already made. So, also, was that made by Gen. Wayne at Greenville, in October of the same year. The lands to the northern and western boundaries of the State were acquired by purchase on the part of the State in the year 1818. The last possession of the Delawares was purchased in 1829. Virginia acquired title to the great northwest by its several charters,. granted by James I., bearing dates respectively, April J0, 1606; May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1611. The Colony of Virginia first attempted to exercise authority in, or jurisdiction over that portion of its extensive domain that was organized by the ordinance of '87 into "the territory northwest of the Ohio River," when in 1769, the House of Burgesses of said colony passed an act establishing the county of Botetourt, with the Mississippi River as its western boundary. It was provided by the act that, "whereas, the people situated on the Mississippi, in the said county of Botetourt, will be very remote from the court-house, and must necessarily become a separate county as soon as their numbers are sufficient, which probably will happen in a short time; be it therefore enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the inhabitants of that part of the said county of Botetourt which lies on the said waters shall be exempted from the payment of any levies to be laid by the said county court for the purpose of building a court-house and prison for said county." Civil government, however, between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers was more in name than reality until 1778, after the conquest of the country by General George Rogers Clark, when the Virginia Legislature organized the county of Illinois, embracing within its limits all the territory owned by Virginia west of the Ohio River. Under an appointment from the governor of Virginia, Colonel John Tod served as civil commandant and lieutenant of the county, until his death at the battle of Blue Licks, in 1782, less than two years before Virginia ceded the country in the United States. In the year 1783, however, the General Assembly of Virginia passed an act authorizing the conveyance of the great northwest to the general government. Having thus secured the absolute right of possession of this vast domain, the United States at once took measures for its civil conduct and government, the outcome of which was the act entitled, "An ordinance for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the river Ohio." This has generally and more popularly been known as " The Ordinance of '87," and otherwise as " The Ordinance of Freedom." This also was the fundamental law upon which has been based all the statutory enactments and subsequent laws for the government of this State. The Ohio Land Company was an organization formed in the State of Massachusetts, having for its object, the purchase and settlement of a large tract of land in the new territory. The purchase was effected October 27, HENRY COUNTY - 73 1787, and embraced a tract of something like a million and a half of acres without the present counties of Washington, Athens, Meigs and Gallia, subject to certain reservations. This was the second purchase and survey. The first survey of the public lands in Ohio was the seven ranges of Congress lands, and was made pursuant to an act of Congress, of May 20, 1785. The present counties of Jefferson, Columbiana, Carroll, Tuscarora, Harrison, Gurnsey, Bellmont, Noble, Monroe and Washington, are, in whole or in part, within this survey of seven ranges. The next survey was the " Symmes purchase," under a contract of purchase made with Judge Symmes in October, 1787, but subsequently. May, 1792, modified by an act of Congress. The Symmes purchase embraced the entire Ohio River front between the Big Miami and the Little Miami Rivers, a distance of twenty-seven miles, and reaching sufficiently northward to include an area of one million acres; but by the modification, the area was reduced only three hundred and eleven thousand six hundred and eighty-two acres, exclusive of certain reservations held by the government. The lands between the Little Miami and Sciota Rivers, known as the " Virginia military lands," was never regularly surveyed into townships. but patents were issued by the president to such persons, residents of Virginia, as had rendered service on the continental establishment of the army of the United States (hence the name), and in the quantities to which they were entitled under the act of Congress of August i0, 1790. These military lands embraced a body of some six thousand five hundred and seventy square miles, or four million two hundred and four thousand eight hundred acres of land. The Connecticut claim was ceded to the United States, excepting the western reserve, by deeds of cession, bearing date of September 14, 1786. When Ohio was admitted into the Federal Union as an independent State, one of the terms of admission .was, that the fee-simple to all the lands within its limits, excepting those previously granted or sold, should vest in the United States. Different portions of them, were, at different times, granted or sold to individuals, companies, and bodies pohtic. The following are the names by which the principal bodies of the land are designated, on account of these different forms of transfer, viz.: 1, Congress Lands; 2, United States Military ; 3, Virginia Military ; 4, Western Reserve ; 5, Fin Lands ; 6, Ohio Company's Purchase; 7, Donation Tract ; 8, Symmes Purchase ; 9, Refugee Tract ; 10, French Grant ; 11, Dohrman's Purchase ; 12, Zane's Purchase ; 13, Canal Lands; 14, Turnpike ; 15, Maumee Road Lands ; 16, School Lands ; 17, College lands; IS, Ministerial lands ; 19, Moravian Lands; 0, Salt Sections. It is thought that this will furnish a sufficient record of the various grants, without giving a detailed description of the tracts themselves. The System of Surveys. —Thu land surveys under the United States were uniform, and done under what was known as the " rectangular system." This to 74 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. system of surveys was reported from a committee of Congress, May 7, 1784. The committee consisted of Thomas Jefferson, chairman ; Messrs. Williamson, Howell, Gerry and Reas. This ordinance required the lands to be divided into "hundreds" of ten geographical miles, and those again to be subdivided into lots of one mile square each, to be numbered from one to one hundred, commencing in the northwestern corner, and counting from west to east and from east to west continuously ; and also that the lands thus subdivided, should be first offered at publio sale. This ordinance was considered, debated and amended ; and on the 3d of May, 1785, on motion of Mr. Grayson, of Virginia, seconded by Mr. Monroe, the size of the townships was reduced to six miles square. After further discussion the measure finally, May 0, 1785, passed. The origin of this system is not known beyond the report of the committee. There had been land surveys in the different colonies for more than a hundred years; still the method for granting land for settlements in vogue in all the colonies, was in irregular tracts, except in the colony of Georgia, where, after 1733, eleven townships of twenty thousand square acres each were divided into lots of fifty acres each. The act of cession of the State of Virginia of her western territory provided for the formation of States from the same, not less than one hundred, nor more than one hundred and fifty miles square. This square form of States may have influenced Mr. Jefferson in favor of a square form of survey, and besides the even surface of the country was known, the lack of mountains and the prevalence of trees for marking it, also favoring a latitudinal and longitudinal system. Certain east and west lines run with the parallels of latitude, and the north and south townships with the meridians. The system, as adopted, provided for sale in sections of six hundred and forty acres, one square mile. In 180 a quarter section, or one hundred and sixty acres could be purchased. In 1832 sub-divisions were ordered by law into forty-acre tracts or quarter-quarter sections to settlers, and in 1846 to all purchasers. On May 10, 1796, the ordinance of May 20, 1785, was amended; also on May 10, 1800, on the introduction of land offices and credit sales, and on February I I, 1805, April 14, 1820, April 5, 1832, and May 30, 1862. Since the adoption of the rectangular system of public surveys, May 20, 1785, twenty-four initial points, or the intersection of the principal bases with surveying meridians, have been brought into requisition to secure the certainty and brevity of description in the transfer of public lands to individuals. From the principal bases townships of six miles square are run out and established, with regular series of numbers counting north and south thereof, and from the surveying meridians a like series of ranges are numbered both east and west of the principal meridians. The first principal meridian divides the States of Ohio and Indiana, having HENRY COUNTY - 75 for its base the Ohio river, the meridian being coincident with 84̊ 51' of longitude west from Greenwich. This meridian governs the surveys of public lands in the State of Ohio. Execution of Surveys.—The principal meridian, base, standard, and guides having been first measured and marked, and the corner boundaries established thereon, the process of surveying and marking the exterior lines of townships, north and south of the base, and east and west of the meridian, within those standard lines, is commenced. The public lands are first surveyed into rectangular tracts, according to the true meridian, noting the variation of the magnetic needle. These tracts are called townships, each six miles square, having reference to an established principal base line on a true parallel of latitude, and to longitude styled principal meridian. Any series of contiguous townships, north and south of each other, constitutes a range, the townships counting from the base, either north or south, and the ranges from the principal meridian, either east or west. The first survey of Henry county lands was made in the year 1821, soon after the county was organized. In the work of making this survey the engineers, James Riley, P. F. Kellogg, Nathaniel Beastley, and James Heaton were engaged. The township of Ridgeville was surveyed by James Riley, and was township number six, north, range five, east. Pleasant township was surveyed by P. F. Kellogg, and was numbered three, north, range six, east. Flat Rock township, surveyed by P. F. Kellogg, and was number four, north, range six, east. Napoleon township, surveyed by P. F. Kellogg, and being township number five, north, range six, east. Freedom township, surveyed by P. F. Kellogg, and being township number six, north, range six, east. Marion, surveyed by Nathaniel Beastley, and being township number three, north, range seven, east. Monroe, surveyed by Nathaniel Beastley, township number four, north, range seven, east. Harrison, surveyed by Nathaniel Beastley, township number five, north, range seven, east. Liberty, surveyed by Nathaniel Beastley, township number six, north, range seven, east. Bartlow, surveyed by James Heaton, township number three, north. range eight, east. Richfield, surveyed by James Beaton, township number four, north, range eight, east. Damascus, surveved by James Heaton in 1821 ; re-surveyed by A. Rice in 1833 ; township number rive, north, range eight, east. 76 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. Washington, surveyed by James Heaton in 1821 ; re-surveyed by A. Rice in 1833 ; township number six, north, range eight, east. The above designates the surveys of the several townships, and their location in the county. The county was composed of township number six, of range five, east; also townships three, four, five, and six, of ranges six, seven, and eight, east. The reader must not be misled by the fact that the several townships being so surveyed at the time indicated above, are evidence that the special civil organization of them was made complete at that time. Such was not the case. The surveys were made then, it is true, and the territory embraced by each survey, substantially includes the townships as named and bounded, respectively. They were so surveyed in accordance with the system of surveys then adopted and hereinbefore fully set forth. The separation is made for the purpose of locating the survey in each case. CHAPTER XII. HENRY COUNTY IN THE WAR OF 1861-65. FOR several years prior to this great event in our national history, Henry county had no military organization of any kind. To be sure, there had been, many years before this time, a militia company in the county, an organization complete and well equipped for the time, but its deeds of valor were narrowed down to "general training" on muster day and the customary wrestling match, and eating of ginger-bread and doughnuts. But this old militia company had been broken up many years before that fateful day, early in April, 1861, when the words were written on our political horizon, "civil war," and the news spread instantly throughout the length and breadth of the land. At this time Henry county had not to exceed ten thousand population, but nobly did she respond to the president's call for seventy-five thousand volunteers to "put down the rebellion." In less than one week from that call, Company F, of the Fourteenth Regiment, was recruited and ready for duty with over one hundred men, and in just ten days the regiment left Toledo for Camp Taylor, near Cleveland. From that time to the close of the war, in 1865, Henry county was never behind her quota. In addition to the several separate organizations that left the county for the service, there were many men that went to other counties to enlist, for which the county did not receive credit. It is, therefore, safe to assume that in the service, Henry county contributed more than one per cent of her entire population. From the time of HENRY COUNTY - 77 the fall of Fort Sumter, until the final surrender in 1865, there went from Henry county between eleven and twelve hundred volunteers. Money was not lacking and contributions to the several relief funds were generous and prompt. Volunteers were ready, therefore but little money was needed to provide substitutes, and the volunteer had the fullest assurance that in his absence his family would be provided for. During the war Henry county, through her soldiers, made an excellent record, a record that has borne favorable comparison with the best and richest counties of the State. But turn to that record and let the deeds of her soldiers prove the statement. THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT-THREE MONTHS SERVICE. The records of the services of men and regiments of the three months service are decidedly incomplete. The Fourteenth was recruited very soon after President Lincoln's first call for troops, from the counties of Lucas, Fulton, Williams, Paulding, Wood and Henry. The latter contributed Company F to the formation of the regiment. The commission for the command of the company was issued to Andrew Crawford, who was afterward killed by accident at Phillipi, West Virginia. John D. Belknap was elected first lieutenant, and he, too, was accidentally killed at Cheat Mountain. Samuel Pomeroy was commissioned second lieutenant and subsequently became a veteran captain. The organization of the regiment was made complete at Toledo, during the latter part of April, 1861, by the election of field officers. They were as follows: colonel, James B. Steedman ; lieutenant colonel, George P. Este ; major, Paul Edwards ; surgeon, J. A. Coons ; assistant surgeon, W. C. Daniels. With nearly one thousand men in line, the Fourteenth left Toledo and went to Cleveland, arriving there on the 25th of April. Here they went into camp for drill and instruction in the duties of active field service. On the 22d of May the regiment left Camp Taylor and proceeded to Columbus, where they were fully equipped, and thence went forward to service in Virginia. On the 27th the regiment reached Parkersburg, Va., and for the first time unfurled and floated its flag on rebel soil. The enemy retreated at once from the place and commenced burning the bridges on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. A company was immediately double-quicked along the line of the road and the fires were extinguished, and several of the rebels were captured in the act of firing the bridges and some other property. For several days the regiment was engaged in repairing the bridges and preventing further destruction. On the 2d of June, a dark and dismal night, the command marched to Phillipi, and on the morning of the 3d drove out the rebel cavalry stationed there, taking a few prisoners and capturing the stores with five wagon loads of arms and ammunition. In this little affair the Fourteenth had four men wounded. On the 7th of 78 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. June the rebels appeared in force on Laurel Hill ; several cavalry charges were made by the enemy, and repulsed by the Union troops. On the 12th General Garnett began his retreat ; the Union forces, with the Fourteenth in the lead, pressed on after the retreating forces ; the rebel columns were so closely pressed that the road was littered with with trunks, boxes, tents, stalled baggage-wagons and tired out Confederates. At Carrick's Ford, the rebels made a stand in order to save their trains, and taking a strong position awaited the approach of the Union force. The advanced guard of the Fourteenth were soon under fire from the rebel guns, and they were greeted with a shower of rebel bullets. The Fourteenth immediately closed on its advance, and answered the rebels' first volley before they fired the second. In twenty minutes, and just as the main column came up, the enemy gave way, leaving everything behind, and "ran for dear life." The fruits of this victory were two hundred and fifty prisoners, three stand of colors, one battery, and thirty well laden baggage-wagons. The next morning the regiment returned to Phillipi with the prisoners and captured trains, but owing to the heavy rains, the rivers and creeks were swollen, and there being no bridges, they did not reach Phillipi until the 15th of July. On the 22d the Fourteenth started on its homeward trip, and arrived at Toledo, on the 25th of July, where after a few days it was mustered out and paid off. Whitelaw Reid, in his " Ohio in the War," says : " After partaking of a sumptuous feast, prepared by the citizens at the Oliver House, the regiment dispersed, and after a few days' rest at home, the men re-assembled, and again volunteered in a body, for three years, or during the war." In this statement, the worthy compiler is most certainly in error. But few, comparatively, of the men from this county re-entered the Fourteenth, for the three years service, although nearly all did re-enlist, but in different regiments then forming. Of the contingent from Henry county, some re-enlisted in the three years service in the Fourteenth (the regiment still retaining that number in the line), but a fair proportion of those who made up Company D, were recruits gathered and enlisted by Samuel Pomeroy and Wilham H. Brownell. But this company more properly forms the subject of a separate sketch and follows this. THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT-THREE YEARS SERVICE. Toward the original strength of this regiment, the county of Henry contributed one company, which in the completion of regimental organization was given the name of " D." This company as well as the regiment, was composed, in part, of men who had but recently returned from the three months service, but it is questionable whether or not a majority of the regiment were formerly of the Fourteenth, in the short term. However this may be, this regiment held the same number in the line of Ohio soldiery as when first organized. HENRY COUNTY - 79 The roster of Ohio soldiers, now being published by authority of the State Legislature, says : " This regiment was organized at Toledo, from August 14, to September 5, 1861, to serve three years. On the expiration of its term of service, the original members (except veterans) were mustered out, and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, retained in service until July 1, 1865, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders from the War Department." Company D was raised by Samuel Pomeroy and William H. Brownell, both of whom were veterans of the three months service. The former was commissioned captain, and the latter first lieutenant, upon the complete organization of the company. On the 23d day of August, 1861, the regiment left Toledo, and proceeded to Cincinnati, and after receiving its arms and equipments on the 25th, crossed the Ohio River to Covington, Ky., and took cars for Lexington and Frankfort. On this trip the train was assaulted by some of the Kentucky chivalry, with a volley of stones and other missiles, by which the windows of the officers' car were broken, and some slight injuries inflicted. The train was stopped and two of the assaulting party captured and taken to Frankfort. While marching up Main street, a citizen rushed through the ranks and drew a butcher's knife across the throat of one of the prisoners, severely wounding him. From Frankfort the regiment moved to Nicholsville, and from there about the 1st of October to Camp Dick Robinson. About this time news was received that a small garrison situate on Wild Cat Mountain, about sixty miles from Camp Dick Robinson, was being surrounded by the rebels. The Fourteenth, with the Thirty-eighth Ohio and Barnett’s Battery, immediately marched to their relief, and on the morning of the 21st of October, after a double-quick of three miles through mud and slush up the Wild Cat Hills, they found five companies of the Thirty-third Indiana Regiment nearly surrounded by rebel troops under General Zollicoffer. Barnett's Battery was immediately placed in position and commenced shelling the enemy, while two companies of the Fourteenth crawled through the brush, and with shovels and picks soon fortified the knob on the crest of the hill. The other troops now coming up, and the enemy meeting with so warm a reception, after twice charging the little fortified position abandoned the attack and retreated towards Loudon, leaving about thirty killed and wounded on the field. The Fourteenth and Thirth-eighth pursued the fleeing enemy as far as Loudon. Zollicoffer having already retreated from that place, the Union forces went into camp and threw up fortifications a short distance north of the town. The regiment remained here about two weeks, when they were ordered to march back towards Lancaster by the way of Crab Orchard and Mount Vernon. The march was made in the night, in a terrible storm of rain. Rock Castle River had to be forded, and the mud and slush being deep, on arriving at Crab. 80 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. Orchard next morning the men were completely exhausted, and unable tc march. After resting 'one day, the regiment marched to Lebanon and went into winter quarters. It remained at Lebanon until the latter part of December when it was ordered to join its brigade at Somerset, where it arrived January 1, 1862. It remained in camp at Somerset until the 19th of January, when the brigade to which the Fourteenth belonged was ordered out and marched rapidly towards Mill Springs, where Zollicoffer had been strongly intrenched during the winter. General Crittenden having recently assumed command of the rebel forces at that place, on that morning marched out of his fortifications to give battle before General Thomas could concentrate the Unior forces, hoping to whip them in detail. The rebels met the Union forces at Logan's Cross-roads, about six miles north of Mill Springs, and a lively little battle took place. The Fourteenth and Thirty-eighth Ohio coming up, the rebels gave way, and in confusion retreated to their fortifications at Mil Springs, closely pursued by the Union forces. Owing to the delay in fording Fishing Creek, the water being up to the arm-pits, and the current swift, a cable was stretched across the stream for the men to hold on while crossing, But one company of the Fourteenth— Company C—reached the field in time to take part in the action. On the arrival of the Union forces at the enemy's Fortifications, the batteries commenced shelling the works, and the Fourteenth ay on their arms all night in a driving rain, ready for the assault which was ordered for early dawn. The Fourteenth in advance carried the works, and found that the enemy had crossed the river during the night, except one regiment which was captured with twenty pieces of artillery, all their camp and garrison equipage, together with a large number of horses, mules, wagons, and Aher property. The Fourteenth did not arrive at Pittsburgh Landing in time to take part in the battle, but took part in the slow siege on Corinth. After the siege the regiment marched to Iuka, Miss ; thence to Tuscumbia, Ala , and from there to Nashville, Tenn., where it arrived on the 7th day of September, 1862 ; hence to Bowling Green, Ky., in pursuit of Bragg's army ; then moving on toward Louisville, which last named place was reached September 22. This vas a severe march on the men, the weather being intensely hot, roads dusty, and water scarce, and of poor quality. From Louisville the regiment marched to Perryville, but being detailed as guard to the ammunition train, did not take part in the battle. After the pursuit of Bragg was abandoned, the regiment marched to Gallatin, and on the 15th of November went into winter quarters, and during the winter was almost daily skirmishing with John Morgan's guerillas, and, at the Robling Fork, giving Morgan's entire command a severe (rubbing. The regiment left Gallatin June 13, 1863, and reached Nashville on he 15th ; from there to Laverque, and thence to Triune, Tenn., and was placed in the advance of Rosecrans's army on Tullahoma and Chattanooga. HENRY COUNTY - 81 On the 26th of June the Fourteenth with its brigade, had a sharp engagement with the enemy, and lost thirty men in killed and wounded. On June 28 Tullahoma was reached, and the Fourteenth drove in the enemy's pickets, and got near enough the town to see the enemy was evacuating the place. An advance was ordered early next morning, and on crossing Elk Run several men were drowned. On the last day of August, 1863, the National forces crossed the Tennessee river on rafts, the pontoons not having arrived, and on the 19th of September encountered the enemy at Chickamauga Creek. The Fourteenth, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Kingsbury, being in the advance, was deployed in line of battle. The regiment having been on the march for the previous twenty-four hours, were much fatigued ; but it became immediately hotly engaged with the enemy, and from nine o'clock in the morning until four o'clock P. was continually under fire, after which it was relieved for a short time to replenish its cartridge boxes, when it was again engaged and so remained until sundown. The next morning it had a desperate encounter with a part of Longstreet’s Division, after which the Union forces fell back to Rossville. In these several encounters the regiment lost two hundred and thirty-three men in killed, wounded and missing, out of a total of four hundred and forty-nine. Among the wounded were eight line officers. On the 21st of September the regiment was in line of battle all day, but was compelled to fall back into hastily constructed entrenchments near Chattanooga, closely pursued by the enemy. About the middle of November in the brilliant assault on Mission Ridge, the Fourteenth charged and took a battery of three guns, loosing in this encounter sixteen killed, ninety-one wounded and three missing. On the 17th of December, 1864, all but thirty men of the Fourteenth re- enlisted for another three years, and on Christmas day and night they were re-mustered into the United States service. They were then sent home on veteran furlough and arrived in Toledo on the 6th of January, 1864. On the 6th of February it again left Toledo for the front, and arrived at Chattanooga on the 25th, it having, in the mean time, while on veteran furlough, recruited its decimated ranks to a full regiment, many of whom came from Fulton and Henry counties During the months of March and April, 1864, the Fourteenth was engaged doing picket duty and building corduroy roads between Chattanooga and Ringgold. On the 5th of May it moved with its brigade on Dalton, driving in the enemy's videttes near Tunnell Hill, at which place commenced that long and terrible campaign for the possession of Atlanta, in which in all the marches, incessant skirmishing and fighting, the Fourteenth bore an honorable part and lost heavily in offrcers and men ; and while lying in front of Atlanta the regiment lost twenty men in killed and wounded. On the 26th of August, in a flanking movement towards Jonesboro, the Fourteenth and other regiments of its brigade captured two hundred prisoners. 11 82 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. On the 1st of September the division of the Fourteenth army corps, with which the Fourteenth was brigaded, marched towards Jonesboro, destroying the railroad as it marched, and at 4 o'clock that P. m., confronted the enemy's works surrounding that place. The third brigade, to which the Fourteenth belonged, commanded by Colonel Este, of Baird's Division, Fourteenth Corps, was in line of battle directly in the rear of General Carlin's Division, which had just made an unsuccessful charge on the rebel works, when Colonel Este, with the Fourteenth and Thirty-eighth Ohio, Tenth Kentucky and Seventy-fourth Indiana, being all ready for the fight, Colonel Este gave the command : Battalions, forward ! guide center ! His lines moved steadily forward amid a shower of balls. A battery was also opened with grape and canister, but the brigade moved steadily on; the edge of the abattis was gained, and with a yell and a charge the rebel works were gained and a hand to hand fight ensued. The rebels fought with desperation and not until many of them were killed did the remainder surrender, and were marched as prisoners to the rear. The Fourteenth took about three hundred prisoners and several stand of colors, but the cost was frightful, as fully one-third of the Fourteenth were killed or wounded. This was the last severe fight for the regiment, although it marched from Atlanta, with Sherman, to the sea and through the Carolinas to Goldsboro and Raleigh, thence to Washington, where it was reviewed by the president and his cabinet, and on the 13th of July, 1865, was mustered out of service and returned home, having spent four years in active military duty in the field. As has already been stated Company D of the Fourteenth was enlisted in Henry County and as a complete roster of its officers and men can be obtained, t is proper that they be mentioned in connection with this sketch. Field and Staff Officers. James B. Steedman, colonel ; promoted to brigadier general July 16, 1862. George P. Este, colonel; prom. from lieut. col., July 17, 1862 ; mustered out July 7, 1865. Paul Edwards, lieut. col.; prom. from major July 17, 1862; resigned Nov. 26, 1862. Henry D. Kingsbury, lieut. col.; prom. from capt., Company A, to major, July 17, 1862; lieut. col., Dec. 27, 1862; mustered out Nov. 8, 1864. Albert Moore, lieut. col. ; prom. from capt., Company A, to lieut. col. Nov. 10, 1864. John W. Wilson, major ; prom. from capt., Company E, Jan. 0, 1863 ; died Oct. 3, 1864, from wounds. Roster of Company D. Samuel Pomroy, capt., enl. Sept. 4, 1861 ; wd. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864, HENRY COUNTY - 83 Oscar N. Gunn, capt. enl. Sept. 5, 1861; prom. to second lieut., company I, Dec. 20, 1862 ; first lieut. Nov. 10, 1864, and to capt. Jan 6, 1865 ; must. out with company, July 11, 1865. William H. Brownell, first heut., enl. Sept. 4, 1861 ; resigned Sept. 10, 1864. John P. Crawford, first lieut. enl. Aug. 25, 1861; prom. sergt., company K,, Jan. 6, 1865; mustered out with company, July I I, 1865. Wm. B. Steedman, second lieut., Sept. 4, 1861; prom. to first lieut., Dec. 21, 1862, and assigned to company C. Joseph Reynolds, first sergt., Sept. 4. 1861 ; mustered out with company. Joseph B. Wilder, sergt. Sept. 4, 1861, mustered out with company. William Nanna, sergt. Sept. 4, 1861, prom. from corp.; mustered out with company. John Plegstone, sergt. Sept. 4, 1861, prom. from corp.; mustered out with company. John Heckler, sergt. Sept. 4, 1861, prom. from corp.; mustered out with company. . Andrew McConnell, sergt. Sept. 4, 1861, disch. for disability Aug. 8, 1862. James W. Barrett, sergt. Sept. 4, 1861, mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Smith Cadwalader, sergt. Sept. 4, 1861, prom. to q. m. sergt. Dec. 17, 1863, assigned to field and staff. James P. Stout, corp. Sept. 4, 1861, appt. Apr. 1. 1864, mustered out with company ; veteran. Joseph Snyder, corp. Sept. 4, 1861; appt. Apr. 1, 1864 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. William Hollis, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; appt. Apr. 20, 1864 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Henry Houston, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; appt. Apr. 0, 1864; mustered out with company ; veteran. George W. Williams, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; appt. Oct. 1, 1864 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Henry A. Anglemeyer, corp. Sept. 4, 1861; appt. Oct. t, 1864; mustered out with company ; veteran. Peter Storch, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; appt. Oct. 4, 1864; mustered out with company ; veteran. James Swanger, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; appt. June 5, 1865 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. George Zefange, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; died of wounds received at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. George B. Hartman, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. James Wells, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. 84 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. Andrew B. Clements, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; killed at Chickamauga Sept. 15, 1863. George W. Long, corp. Sept 4, 1861 : disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1862. Philip Hueston, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Lewis Kramer, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; died Sept. 23, 1863, from wounds. Harvey B. Bartell, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; died from wounds received at Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 10, 1864. John Zink, corp. Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. William F. Barret, musician, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. George M. D. Steadman, musician, Sept. 4, 1861; mustered out with company ; veteran. Philip Frankhouse, wagoner, Sept. 4, 1861 ; captured Feb. 28, 1865 ; no record. Henry Andrex, private, Oct. 5, 1862 ; wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Jasper Allen, Feb. 22, 1864; mustered out July 11, 1865. James H. Brown, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out July 11, 1865 ; veteran. David Burk, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out July I I, 1865 ; veteran. George Bruker, Sept. 4, 1861 ; died from wounds received Sept. 15, 1863, Thomas Burke, Sept. 4, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 15, 1863; mustered out Sept 12, 1864. Samuel R. Bottomfield, Sept. 4, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864, John Bottomfield, Sept. 4. 1861 ; disch. for disability July 3, 1862. Edmund Borden, Sept. 4, 1861 ; died Feb. 27, 1862, at Lebanon, Ky. Stephen H. Bates, Sept. 4, 1861 ; missing at Chickamauga Sept. 15, 1863. John Bowker, Sept. 4, 1861 ; captured at Chickamauga Sept. 15, 1863; mustered out Oct. 5, 1864. David K. Bowker, Sept. 4, 1861 ; prom. to corn. sergt. Dec. 15, 1863, and transferred to field and staff. Robert Bowen, Sept. 4, 1861 ; died Jan. 2, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Henry F. Benchie, Sept. 4, 1861 ; discharged. Martin W. Bowker, Feb. I I, 1864; disch. June 10, 1865, at Camp Chase, O., by order of War Department. Andrew Christy, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Daniel Cook, Feb. 11, 1864; mustered out with company July 11, 1865. Zachariah T. Cole, Jan. 15, 1864; mustered out with company. James Cunningham, Sept. 4, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1862, for disability. William Casteele, Sept. 4, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Joseph Click, Sept. 4, 1861 ; died Oct. 24, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Henry C. Clark, Sept. 4, 1861 ; killed at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. HENRY COUNTY - 85 John Deetrick, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Jacob Dixon, Sept. 4, 1861 ; disch. for disability at Louisville, Ky. Thomas Davis, Sept. 4, 1861 ; killed near Huntsville, Ala., Aug. 7, 1862. William Edsul, Sept. 4, 1861 ; died Oct. 18, 1863, from wounds received at battle of Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. James S. Ensminger, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company; veteran. William Foster, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company; veteran. Isaiah Fox, Sept. 4, 1861 ; died Sept. 8, 1862, at Tuscumbia, Ala. John Gewars, Sept. 4, 1867 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. William Gallagher, Sept. 15, 1863 ; absent; mustered out July 11, 1863. Hiram E. Gruber, Sept. 4, 1861 ; disch. for disabilities July 1, 1862. Benjamin Houk, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Philip Hollingshead, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Joseph F. Hill, Sept. 4, 1861; trans. to Vet. Res. Corps March 14, 1865 ; mustered out July 25, 1865 ; veteran. Stephen Hain, Jan. 22, 1864; mustered out with company. Henry Hain, Feb. 22, 1864; mustered out with company. Aaron Heaton, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Philemon Hendrix, Jan. 15, 1864; died Sept. 4, 1864, from wounds received at battle of Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. I, 1864. William Halter, Sept. 4, 1861; disch. Dec. 6, 1862, for disability. Alfred W. Hinds, August 28, 1861 ; trans. from Co. F March 24, 1864 ; mustered out with company, July 11, 1865; veteran. John Keller, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Robert Kelsey, September 4, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1863, for disability. Smith Knowles, Sept. 4, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 15, 1863; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Samuel Kilbourn, Sept. 4, 1861 ; trans. from Co. F, Mch. 14, 1864 ; mustered out Oct. 22, 1864. Frank Long, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Jacob Lohr, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company; veteran. John F. Luderman, Feb. 14, 1864 ; mustered out with company. Alonzo Lamphere, Aug. 18, 1861 ; died November 23, 1681, at Lexington, Ky. Ephraim Long, August 18, 1861 ; died Dec. 12, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Walter Linn, Aug. 18, 1861 ; discharged July 21, 1862, at Louisville, Ky. Jarvis Long, Feb. 11, 1864; absent, sick ; mustered out July 11, 1865. Joseph Long, Aug. 18, 1861 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Austin Leach, Feb. 11, 1864; disch. Oct. 10, 1864, for disability. Bass R. Myrice, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out July 11, 1865 ; veteran. Barney McGee, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out July 11, 1865 ; veteran. Samuel Myrice, Oct. 1, 1862 ; mustered out with company. 86 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. David Marsh, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Lee Morrow, Aug. 10, 1861 ; no record. Bruce D. McBane, Aug. 10, 1861 ; discharged Dec. 5, 1862, at Columbus, 0. William B. Morris, Aug. I8, 1861 ; died Oct. 16, 1863, at Chattanooga Hospital. Matthew Morrison, Aug. 10, 1861 ; left at Corinth Hosp., Miss.; died Sep. 17, 1862. James Mann, Aug. 10, 1861 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. John W. Miller, Aug. 1861 ; killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 15, 1863. George S. Myers, Oct. 15, 1862 ; discharged May 12, 1865. Daniel Marsh, Oct. 18, 1861 ; killed at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. Theron McMillen, Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans. from Co. F, March 15, 1864; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. David C. Meek, Sept. 4, 1861 ; trans. to Vet. Eng. Corps, Aug. 10, 1864; veteran. Noah J. Overmeyer, Oct. 15, 1862 ; mustered out with company. Samuel Overmeyer, Oct. 10, 1862 ; mustered out with company. James Ostrander, Aug. 10, 1861 ; trans. from Co. F, March 15, 1864; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Thomas Patton, Aug. 10, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 15, 1863; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. George Pretenious, Sept. 4, 1861 ; trans. to Vet. Eng. Corps, Aug. 26, 1864 ; veteran. Robert L. Roberts, Aug. 10, 1861 ; no record. Ahusiel Rhone, Aug. 10, 1861 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Granville Russell, Aug 10, 1861 ; died Feb. 24, 1862, at Lebanon, Ky. Allen Rich, Aug. 10, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 15, 1863; discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability. Converse P. Russell, Aug. 10, 1861 ; discharged Jan. , 1864, for wounds received at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 15, 1863. Jacob Richler, Aug. 10, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1863, at Louisville, Ky. Peter Shauteen, Aug. 10, 1861 ; died Sept. 27, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn., from wounds received at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 15, 1863. James W. Smith, Aug. 10, 1861 ; died March 14, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Orlando B. Stout, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company; veteran. Robert W. Showman, Aug. 10, 1861 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. Jacob Sill, Aug. 10, 1861 ; disch. Mch. 20, 1863, for disability. Frederick Speigle, Aug. 10, 1861 ; capt. at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863 ; died Aug. I I, 1864, at Andersonville Prison. James O. Smith, Aug. 10, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 12, 1862, for disability. Milo Smith, Aug. 28, 1861; trans. from Co. F; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. HENRY COUNTY - 87 Thomas Taylor, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. Allen F. Thatcher, Aug. 10, 1861 ; capt. at Chickamauga, Sept. 15, 1863 ; mustered out Sept. 12, 1864. George C. Westcott, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. John C. Williams, Dec. 17, 1863 ; mustered out with company, July 11, 1865. Martin Westcott, Sept. 4, 1861 ; mustered out with company ; veteran. William Weaver, Feb. 2, 1864 ; mustered out with company, July 11, 1865. John White, Dec. 29, 1863 ; mustered out with company. Isaac Wells, Aug. 10, 1861 ; disch. for disability Jan. 28, 1862, at Louisville, Ky. THE THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. The second regiment raised for the three years service to which Henry county contributed was the Thirty-eighth 0. V. Infantry, raised during the summer and fall of the year 1861, in answer to the call of President Lincoln for three hundred thousand men for three years. Company B of this regiment was recruited in this county, and there may have been other men in other companies, but they were scattering and went in singly and not as a regular organization as did Company B. The regiment was organized at Defiance, on the 1st of September. On the 22d of the same month it was transferred to Camp Dennison, where the men received their arms and field equipments, and were drilled preparatory to active service, after which they were ordered to proceed to Kentucky, where they arrived October 1. On the next day the regiment passed through and encamped near Nicholasville. About two weeks later it was ordered to the relief of the garrison at Wild Cat, Ky., and after a forced march of some sixty miles reached its destination on the 15th of October. Afterward it pursued the enemy to Loudon and Barboursville ; marched on all of the subsequent campaigns during the fall, and went into winter quarters about Christmas time near Somerset. During the winter months the men suffered severely, not being accustomed to the climate and the rough usages of camp life, so that in a short time less than three hundred in the entire regiment were fit for duty. The regiment participated in the campaign of Mill Springs, and marched to Louisville, arriving there on February 28, 1862. Early in March the regiment proceeded to Nashville where preparations were made for the spring campaign ; thence it proceeded with the army of the Ohio through Middle Tennessee, and encamped during the month of Aprii on the battle-field of Pittsburg Landing, and then again marched under General Hallet toward Corinth, Miss., and took an active part in the siege of that place. After the evacuation of Corinth, May 27, 1862, the Thirty-eighth marched with the army in pursuit of Beauregard as far as Boonville, and on returning encamped near Corinth until the 0th of June, when it marched with the army 88 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. to Tuscumbia, Ala., arriving there on the 28th. On the 28th the regiment proceeded to Winchester, Tenn., where it arrived on the 7th of August. From this point several reconnoitering parties were sent out, and among them none were more actively engaged than the Thirty-eighth. A party of eighty men from this regiment made a forced march upon Tracy Creek, which was captured and a large quantity of stores destroyed. For this event those engaged made the march and return, a total distance of seventy-two miles, in less than twenty-four hours. The regiment participated in the battle with the enemy at Chaplain Hill, and afterward in the campaign in Kentucky, and went into camp late in October, on Rolling Fork, near Lebanon. From here it soon proceeded toward Nashville, Tenn. During the months of November and December it was guarding railroads between Gallatin and Nashville, but in the latter part of the year it marched to Nashville and took a prominent part in the battle at Stone River, and fortunately met with but slight loss. After the battle the Thirty- eighth went into winter quarters near the city and remained until March 13, 1863, when it joined with the forces at Triune. Commencing in June, the year 1863 witnessed for the regiment these events : Marched with the Army of the Cumberland and took part in the Tullahoma campaign ; began the march to Chattanooga August 17 ; moved with the center corps, crossed the Cumberland mountains to the Tennessee River, which was crossed on log rafts on the night of September 2, and proceeded over Lookout and Raccoon Mountains and arrived in the Lookout Valley about the middle of September ; acted as guard for an immense wagon train to Chattanooga, by special order of General Thomas, and thus escaped the battle of Chickamauga, but successfully accomplished the task assigned it. On the 25th of November the division to which the regiment was attached assaulted the enemy's works at the foot of Mission Ridge and carried them, driving Bragg's forces. In this brief engagement the Thirty-eighth was on the extreme left, and was subjected to a terrible fire from the rebel infantry. In this charge the regiment lost seven killed, and forty-one wounded. After pursuing the enemy as far as Ringgold the Thirty-eighth returned to camp near Chattanooga, where on the 26th of December the men re-enlisted as a veteran organization, and was furloughed home. At the expiration of the furlough the regiment joined the army then at Ringgold, Ga. Recruits were sent forward and when Sherman started on the memorable Atlanta campaign the regiment numbered seven hundred and forty-one men. On May 5, 1864, the regiment broke camp and marched to Buzzard's Roost Gap, where it was brought into action. After skirmishing about for a few days, in which the Thirty-eighth took an active part, several men were killed and wounded. The regiment then participated in the campaign that followed; in the siege of Kenesaw and elsewhere, fortifying and skirmishing, and brought up HENRY COUNTY - 85 July 5, 1864, on the Chattahoochie River. On the 17th they advanced, crossed the river, and on the 22d had the honor of establishing the picket line of the Fourteenth Corps in front of Atlanta. On the 3d of August it moved to Utoy Creek, where two days later Companies A, C and K of the regiment charged the enemy's line successfully. By a series of movements the army arrived at Jonesboro, Ga., early in September, coming upon Hardee's pickets at four o'clock P. :NI. of the 1st. Este's brigade at once charged the works. The regiment lost here, in killed and wounded, one hundred and fifty men, nearly one-half its entire strength. Following the Jonesboro campaign came the campaign of Georgia. The army broke camp on October 3, 1864, and retraced its lines as far north as Dalton, Hood in the mean time having reached the rear of Sherman's army. The Thirty-eighth accompanied the expedition thus far, and moved thence via Gaylesville, Ala., to Rome, and reached Kingston, Ga., November 5. Arriving at Milledgeville on the 24th of November, the regiment was assigned to provost duty in the city. It was soon sent to destroy the bridge across the Big Ogeechee, which was done, the regiment marching on that day a distance of forty-four miles before reaching Louisville, to which place the army had gone. From Louisville the army went to Savannah, arriving there on the 21st of December, where the regiment went into camp. During their stay here the regiment received two hundred drafted men and substitutes. On the 30th of January, 1865, the Thirty- eighth left Savannah with the army, and participated in the " Campaign of the Carolinas," and after forty days came to Goldsboro, N. C. From there it went to Holly Springs, where it remained until after the surrender of Johnston's army. From Holly Springs the regiment marched to Raleigh, thence to Richmond, and finally to Alexandria, Va., where it remained until after the grand review at the capital, when it encamped near Washington. It remained there until June 15, and then proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it arrived on the 23d. On the I 2th of July the muster out was completed, and the regiment proceeded to Cleveland, where it was finally discharged on the 22d day of July, 1865. Thirty-Eighth Regiment—Field and Staff. Edwin D. Bradley, col. ; resigned Feb. 8, 1862. Edward H. Phelps, col. ; prom. from lieut. col. ; killed in action Nov. 25, 1863. William A. Choate, col. ; prom. from lieut. col. ; died of wounds. Charles Greenwood, maj. ; prom. to lieut. col. William Irving, maj. ; promoted to lieut-col. Andrew Newman, maj. ; mustered out with regiment. Epaphras L. Barber, maj. ; resigned Jan. 12, 1862. Moses R. Brailey, maj. ; resigned Feb. 5, 1862. 90 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. Israel Coons, surg. ; resigned July 13, 1863. James Haller, surg. ; mustered out Jan. 4, 1865. H. B. Powell, surg. ; prom. from asst. surg. ; mustered out with the regiment. Company Roster. The muster roll of Company B is hardly as complete as could be desired, but owing to the fact that the State roster is not yet published, the same cannot now,be given in full. The following roll is made from a company memorial, and shows the name of each officer and man, but its record is not full : William A. Choate. capt. ; prom. to col. Edmund Metz, first lieut. ; mustered out with regiment. William E. Kintigh, first lieut. ; prom. to capt.; resigned March 24, 1863. Benj. S. Pindar, second lieut. ; prom. to capt. ; resigned. William H. Ellis, sergt. ; prom. second lieut. March 6, 1862 ; first lieut. May 5, 1863 ; resigned September 15, 1864. Sergeants.—James E. Eidson, first serg't, veteran ; Edward T. Gray, wounded Aug. 4, 1864, veteran ; Jacob Altenberger, veteran ; Cornehus Nye, veteran ; George W. Ford, veteran ; Forman Evans, first serg't, prom. to second lieut., to first lieut., Co. K ; James M. Patterson, first serg't, prom. to second lieut. Co. C, to first lieut. Co. E ; Henry P. Urquhart, trans. to Vet. Res. Corps. Corporals.—John Babcock, disch. Dec. 13, 1862 ; Samuel M. Powell, disch. April 18, 1862 ; David Kilpatrick, disch. Dec. 25, 1862; William W. Wad- dams ; Daniel Hartley, disch. Sept. 13, 1864 ; Loyal L. Bly, disch. Sept. 13, 1864; James McEwen, veteran ; John Burnhour, wounded Sept. 1, 1864; William C. Eidson, captured Feb. 26, 1864, veteran ; Israel Weamer, veteran; David Bost, wounded Sept. 1, 1864, veteran ; Robert Babcock, wounded Sept. 1, 1864, veteran ; George Brown, veteran ; Wilson Quick, captured Feb. 26, 1864, veteran ; Jacob I Lifer, prom. to Com. serg't. Privates.—Cyrus Altman, vet. ; Samuel Bost, captured Feb. 26, 1865, vet.; Lemuel I inward, vet. ; William D. Hudson, vet. ; James M. Knox, wounded Sept. I, I 864, vet. ; George Lighthiser, vet. ; John McCracken, vet. ; Joseph Mares, vet. ; Leander Mares, wounded Sept. 1, 1864, vet. ; William Mares, vet. ; Edmund B. Magill, vet. ; Henry, C. McHenry, vet. ; William F. Reighard, vet. ; Hugh M. Reighard, vet. ; William H. Sprague, vet. ; Philip Wittmer, vet.; Valentine Zink, vet. ; Daniel Chiller, wounded July 21, 1864; Thomas Chambers, Levi Donnelly ; William H. Dennis, wounded Aug. 4, 1864 ; l Mille] W. Frease, Adam Lighthiser; George Myers, wounded August 5, 1864 ; Thomas Rose, Hiner Struble, Silas Wright, Joseph Wells, George AI. Zink, William H. Ellis, Frank Kitsmiller; John Babcock, wounded Sept. 1, 1 864 ; Patrick Cassidy, Levi Frysinger, David Kennedy, John Sim- HENRY COUNTY - 91 erly, William A. Babcock, Alva Spade, William H. Atherton, William H. Bestor, Cornelius Carder, Peter Doubenmyer, Dudley T. Fields, Henry Gearhart, James Garretson, Alexander Henry, Jasper L. Jones, David Nessley, George Ream, Andrew Barnhart, captured July 5, 1864. Members Discharged.-Philip B. Walterhouse April 18, 1862 ; Lulius Kelly, July 16, 1862 ; George B. Corbett, Aug. 18, 1862 ; Thomas Barrett, Dec. 11, 1862; Presley C. Durbin, Dec. 25, 1862 ; Robert McEwen, Jan. 26, 1863 ; Lawrence A. Durbin, date not given ; Joseph W. Davis, Dec. 27, 1862 ; D. H. Latta, July 27, 1862 ; Henry Shatzer, July 27, 1863 ; Frederick Sprow, July 27, 1863 ; Adam Bost, July 27, 1863 ; John Booher, July 27, 1863 ; Seth Kenter, July 28, 1863 ; John Sprague, Jan. 4, 1862 ; Smith Cowdrick, Jan. 4, 1862; George Smith, Jan. 4, 1862 ; Francis M. Bascom, Sept. 13, 1864; Charles Gillespie, Sept. 13, 1864; William H. Russell, Sept. 13, 1864; William Sands, September 13, 1864; Daniel W. Davis, September 13, 1864; Francis M. Kinney, Sept. 13, 1864 ; Perry S. C. Durbin, April 22, 1862. Company Death Roll.-Corp., Robt. Frees, March 6, 1864; corp., Henry Wittmer, July 26, 1864; corp., James Cowan, June 6, 1862 ; corp., Oscar P. Randall, killed Sept. 1, 1864; corp., George Struble, killed Sept. 1, 1864; Henry Ellis, date not given ; Perry S. Pinder, April 28, 1862 ; Henry Weaver, May 28, 1862; Benjamin F. Wright, Sept. 15, 1862; Joseph W. Britnell, Sept. 25, 1862; James M. Frederick, Oct. 22, 1862 ; Samuel Lorah, Dec. 15, 1862 ; John W. Carter, May, 1863 ; Philip Naugle, Feb. 15, 1863; Balser Borts, March 1, 1863 ; Lewis F. Frysinger, April, 8, 1863 ; Robert McCracken, Oct. 11, 1863; David McCracken, of wounds, Nov. 4, 1864; O. D. Riley, Dec. 28, 1863; James M. Green, March 20, 1864; William Richmond, March 12, 1864; Azariah Bast, March 22, 1864 ; Andrew Saltsman, April 5, 1864; Philo W. Amy, Dec. 27, 1861 ; Thomas J. Richmond, date not given ; Michael Hayes, date not given ; Samuel A. Palmer, Jan. 26, 1862 ; George Ceiling, Nov. 13, 1861 ; George Price, Sept. 13, 1861 ; William Manley, Nov. 24, 1861 ; Joseph Huston, June 1, 1864; Michael Bast, date not given ; William Parker, killed Aug. I I, 1864; Charles A. Alexander, killed Aug. 19, 1864; Bennett Ponteous, killed Sept. 1, 1864; Jacob Green, Feb. 5, 1864; S. L. F. Jones, Dec. 30, 1864; William Fellers, wounded Sept. 1, 1864; died Sept. 10, 1864. SIXTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. This regiment was composed mainly of young men of from seventeen to thirty years of age. Fulton, Williams, Paulding and Defiance counties, each furnished one company, and Henry county furnished the great majority of the men of the other companies. The regiment commenced to rendezvous at Camp Latty, Napoleon, O., November 21, 1861. Sibley tents, with stoves and plenty of straw, gave the boys sumptuous quarters. The rations furnished were of the best quality, and abundant, and the supplies of delicacies sent 92 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. them by their friends at home were frequent, and generous in quantity and variety. On the 5th of January, 1862, the regiment moved to Camp Chase, where it remained until February 7, when it moved to Fort Donelson, Tenn., arriving on the 14th. The regiment was assigned to General Charles F. Smith's division and occupied a very important position on the left of the lines during the two days' operations. After the surrender the regiment encamped near Dover until the 15th of March, when it moved to Metal Landing, on the Tennessee, and from there to Crump's Landing, and from there to Pittsburgh Landing. lip to this time the health of the men had been comparatively good ; but now bad water, bad weather and bad rations operated very seriously upon the boys, fresh from the comforts of home life, and the strength of the regiment was reduced by sickness from one thousand to less than three hundred men fit for duty. The regiment was assigned to General Lew Wallace's division, and during the battle of Pittsburgh Landing was engaged in guarding ordnance and supply trains. Lieutenant-Colonel Scott and Captain Richards went as volunteer aids to General Thayer, and were mentioned in his official report for gallant and efficient service. During the operations around Corinth the regiment was constantly on duty in building roads, bridges and entrenchments. After the evacuation the Sixty-eighth with the Twenty-third Indiana, was stationed at Bolivar, Tenn., where they rebuilt the bridge across the Hatchie, and formed the guards along the railroad for a number of miles. The first regular engagement participated in by the regiment was the battle of Metamora (or the Little Hatchie), and for gallantry in which the regiment was complimented in general orders. The regiment also participated in the battle of Iuka. It closed the campaign of 1862 by forming the advance of an expedition which attempted to get into the rear of Vicksburg by the way of Holly Springs and Granada, Miss. The design was frustrated by the surrender of Holly Springs, and the regiment returned to Memphis. During the campaign in Mississippi the regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, where it remained until the close of the war. In the spring of 1863 the regiment moved with its command to Lake Providence, La., on the Mississippi River, where it worked on the Lake Providence canal in the fruitless attempt to clear a passage for the river boats through Bayou Tensas. It engaged in similar work in the vicinity of Walnut 'Bayou in the vicinity of Eagle Bend. About the l0th of April, 1863, the regiment moved down to Milliken's Bend, where it was engaged in working on the military road toward Richmond, La. While here Lieutenant John C. Banks, of Company C, and privates John Snyder of Company A, Joseph Longbury and William Barnhart, of Company C, volunteered to take one of the transports, a common river steamer, past the Vicksburg batteries. They HENRY COUNTY - 93 succeeded in this undertaking on the night of April 21. On the 23d of April the regiment began its march for the rear of Vicksburg. It marched more than seventy miles over low bottom lands, still partly submerged. crossed innumerable bayous on bridges hastily constructed of timber from neighboring houses and cotton gins, and reached the Mississippi at Grand Gulf The regiment moved down to Bruinsburg, where it crossed the river, and by a forced march was able to participate in the battle of Thompson's Hill, May 1, 1863. The regiment pursued the retreating rebels and was engaged in the battles of Raymond, May 21 ; Jackson, May 14 ; Champion Hills, May 16, and Big Black. The regiment lost heavily in all these engagements, especially at Champion Hills, where Lieutenant-Colonel John S. Snook was killed. The regiment engaged in an attack on the rebel works in the rear of Vicksburg on May IS, and in the assault on Fort Hill on the 22d. During the early part of the siege the regiment was constantly in the trenches, and it also furnished large details of sharp-shooters ; but during the latter part of the siege it was placed in the army of observation, near Big Black. It was on the reconnoissance toward Yazoo city, in the latter part of June, and participated in the engagement at Jackson on the 12th of July. After the battle it guarded about six hundred prisoners into Vicksburg. The regiment was quartered comfortably in the suburbs at Vicksburg until the middle of August, when it moved on an expedition to Monroe, La., and returned with one-third of its men either in the hospital, or on the sick list. In October the regiment moved on a reconnaissance with the Seventeenth Corps, and was engaged in a skirmish at Bogue Chitta Creek, and on the 5th of February, 1864, it participated in the fight at Clinton and Jackson, Miss, while on the Meridian raid. This expedition prevented the regiment from going north on veteran furlough as promptly as it otherwise would have gone. It was one of the first regiments in the Seventeenth Corps to report three-fourths of its men re-enlisted, it having done so on the 15th of December, 1863. Upon its return from the Meridian raid the men were supplied with clothing, and the regiment embarked for the North, leaving one hundred and seventy recruits at Vicksburg, who arrived just as the regiment was moving down to the landing. The regiment arrived at Cairo on the 23d of March, and embarked on the cars, moved by way of Indianapolis, Bellefontaine and Columbus to Cleveland, where it arrived the 26th. Through Illinois and Indiana the regiment was welcomed everywhere with banners and flags. It was royally entertained at the Soldiers' Home in Indianapolis on the morning of the 24th, and was feasted bountifully by the citizens of Muncie, Ind., on the evening of the same day. The regiment was detained ten days at Cleveland before a paymaster could be obtained, and soon after payment the regiment started for Toledo, where it arrived at three o'clock P. M., on the 6th of April. It was met by a delegation of citizens, headed by the mayor of the city, with bands of music, and after marching 94 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. through the principal streets it was escorted to the Island House, where a splendid dinner was in waiting. This was the first welcome the regiment had received since entering the State. Special trains were made up on the different roads, and by night all the men were at home. On the 7th of May the regiment again took the cars at Cleveland, and proceeded to Cario by way of Cincinnati. At Cairo it was joined by the recruits left at Vicksburg, and these, with those obtained during furlough, numbered over three hundred, Here, too, the regiment turned over its old arms and drew new Springfield muskets. On the 12th of May the regiment, with more than seven hundred men for duty, embarked for Clifton, Tenn., and thence it marched by way of Huntsville, Decatur and Rome, to Acworth, Ga., where it joined the main army under Sherman on the 10th of June. During the remainder of the Atlanta campaign the Sixty-eighth was under fire almost constantly. It was on the advance line for sixty-five days and nights, and it was engaged at Kenesaw Mountain, Big Shanty, Nicojack, Atlanta, July 22d and 28th, Jonesborough and Lovejoy. On the 22d of July the regiment was engaged very heavily. It had been selected to go to the rear, and to picket the roads in the vicinity of army and corps headquarters ; but upon reaching its position it discovered in its front, instead of cavalry, a corps of rebel infantry ; while, at the same time, another line of rebel troops was forming across the road in its rear. Thus the Sixty-eighth was sandwiched between the enemy's advance and rear lines. The rebels were totally unaware of the position of this little Buckeye band. The commands of the rebel officers could be distinctly heard, and prisoners were captured almost from the rebel line of file closers. As the rebel line moved forward the Sixty-eighth advanced, cheering, on the double-quick, and dropping behind a fence, poured a volley into the rebels, who were in the open field. The batteries of Fuller's brigade, Sixteenth Corps, responded to the alarm thus given, and the fight opened in earnest. The Sixteenth Corps engaged the enemy so promptly that the regiment was enabled by a rapid movement by the flank, and a wide detour, to pass around the enemy's right, and to rejoin its brigade, which it found warmly engaged. The attack came from front and rear, and the men fought first on one side of the works and then on the other. At one time a portion of the brigade was on one side of the works, firing heavily in one direction, while a little way lower down the line the remainder of the brigade was on the other side of the works, firing heavily in the other direction. The left of the brigade swung back to the crest of a small hill, the right still resting on the old works, and a few rails were thrown together, forming a barricade, perhaps a foot high, when the last charge of the day was made by two rebel divisions. On they came in splendid style, not firing a shot, arms at " right shoulder shift," officers in front, lines well dressed, following each other in quick succession.. The brigade held firm until the first line had crossed a ravine in its front, and HENRY COUNTY - 95 the second line of reserves could be seen coming down the opposite slope. Then came a terrific crash of musketry, and then volley after volley. The rebels fell back, leaving the ground thickly strewn with the dead and dying. After the engagement at Lovejoy, September 2-6, the regiment was stationed on the Rough and Ready road, near East Point, for two weeks, when it moved in pursuit of Hood. The regiment advanced as far as Gaylesville, Ala., and here quite a number of men were mustered out by reason of expiration of term of service, The regiment commenced its return march about the 1st of November, and moved by way of Cave Springs and Lost Mountain to Smyrna camp-meeting ground, where the men were supplied with clothing, and everything was thoroughly overhauled. The railroad was destroyed, and on the 14th the regiment moved to Atlanta, and at daylight on the 15th commenced the march to the sea. With the exception of an engagement with the Georgia militia at the crossing of the Oconee, and the destruction of the railroad buildings at Millen, the regiment experienced no variation from the easy marches and pleasant bivouacs, which all enjoyed. On the l0th of December the regiment reached the works around Savannah. On the 12th the Seventeenth Corps moved well around to the right of the main road running from the city to King's Bridge. Here the regiment assisted in throwing up a heavy line of works, and furnished two companies daily as sharp-shooters. During the operations around Savannah the regiment subsisted almost entirely upon rice, which was found in large quantities near camp, and which the men hulled and ground in rude hand-mills. Upon the occupation of the city the regiment was ordered on guard duty in the town, and was quartered comfortably in Warren and Oglethorp parks. Here, too, the regiment lost some valuable men, who were mustered out by reason of expiration of term of service. A large number of commissions were received, and the regiment was supplied with a fine corps of young and enthusiastic officers, On the 5th of January, 1865, the regiment embarked at Thunderbolt Bay for Beaufort, and from there it formed the advance of the corps for most of the way to Pocotaligo. Here some heavy works were thrown up, and after resting about two weeks the troops moved on the campaign of the Carolinas. The regiment marched by way of Orangeburg, Columbia, Winnsboro and Cheraw, destroying property, both public and private ; but upon entering the State of North Carolina this destruction of property was forbidden by orders from superior headquarters. The march was continued through Fayetteville to Goldsboro ; where the regiment arrived ragged, bare-footed, and bareheaded, and blackened and begrimed with the smoke of pine knots. On the morning after its arrival the adjutant's report showed forty-two men barefooted, thirty-six bare-headed, and two hundred and sixty wearing some article of citizen's clothes. The regiment rested ten days and then moved out to Raleigh. 96 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. After the surrender of Johnson the regiment marched by way of Dinwiddie C. H., Petersburg, Richmond, Fredericksburg and Alexandria to Washington city, where it participated in the grand review on the 26th of May. After the review the Sixty-eighth camped at Tenallytown for a week, when it was ordered to Louisville, Ky. It went into camp about two miles from the city, and a regular system of drill and discipline was maintained until the l0th of July, when the muster out rolls were signed, and the regiment was ordered to report to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, for payment and discharge. Upon arriving at Cleveland the Sixty-eighth was met at the depot by a delegation of citizens, and was escorted to Monument Square, where a splendid breakfast was served. After this the regiment marched to camp, where it remained until the 18th of July, 1865, when it was paid and discharged. During its term of service the regiment was on the " sacred soil " of every rebel State except Florida and Texas. It marched over seven thousand miles, and traveled by railroad and steamboat over six thousand miles. Between nineteen hundred and two thousand men belonged to the regiment, and of these ninety per cent. were native Americans, the others being Germans, Irish, or Enghsh, the Germans predominating. Colonel R. K. Scott commanded the regiment in all its engagements except Metamora, when Lieutenant-Colonel J. S. Snook commanded until after the Vicksburg campaign, when the command devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel George E. Wells, and he continued to hold the command in all subsequent engagements, skirmishes and marches until the close of the war. The regiment was presented with a beautiful banner by the citizens of Henry county just before its muster out; it having been impracticable to send the flag to the regiment at Atlanta, as was intended, the flag was returned by Colonel Wells, on behalf of the regiment, to the citizens of Henry county. The regimental colors were turned over to the adjutant-general of the State, and were deposited in the archives. Upon these flags, by authority from corps and department headquarters, were inscribed the names of the following battles : Fort Donelson, Pittsburgh Landing, Siege of Corinth, Iuka, Metamora, Thompson’s Hill, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Big Black, Vicksburg, May 22, and siege ; Jackson, July 12; Monroe Raid, Bogue Chitta, Meridian Raid, Kenesaw, June 27, and siege ; Nicojack, Atlanta, July 21, 22 and 28, and siege ; Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Oconee, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Salkehatchie, Orangeburg, Columbia, Cheraw, Bentonville and Raleigh. This regiment was organized in the State of Ohio at large, in October, November and December, .1861, to serve three years. On the expiration of its term of service the original members (except veterans) were mustered out, and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, retained in service until July 10, 1865, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders from the war department. HENRY COUNTY - 97 The official list of battles, in which this regiment bore an honorable part, is not yet published by the war department, but the following list has been compiled, after careful research, during the preparation of this work : Thompson's Hill, Miss., May 1, 1863; Raymond, Miss., May, 12, 1863 ; Jackson, Miss., May 14, 1863 ; Champion Hills. Miss., May i6, 1863 ; siege of Vicksburg, Miss., May 18 to July 4, 1863 ; Clinton and Jackson, Miss., February 5, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 9 to 30, 1864; Big Shanty, Ga., June 15, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. (general assault), June 27, 1864 ; Atlanta, Ga. (Hood's first sortie), July 24, 1864; siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 28 to September 2, 1864 ; Jonesboro, Ga., August 31 to September I, [864 ; Lovejoy Station, Ga., September 2 to 6, 1864. ROSTER. Field and Staff-Mustered out July , 1865, at Louisville, Ky., by Cyrus M. Roberts, captain Seventy-eighth 0. V. Infantry. No record of muster in found. Company A.-Mustered in December 13, 1861, at Camp Latty, Napoleon, 0., by Lewis Y. Richards, captain Sixty-eighth 0. V. I. Mustered out July t0, 1865, at Louisville, Ky., by Cyrus M. Roberts, captain Seventy eighth 0. V. Infantry. Field and Staff-Samuel H. Steedman, colonel. October 1, 1861, three years. Promoted from lieut.-col. Nov. 29, 1861; disch. July 5, 1862. Robert K. Scott, col., Oct. I, 1861, 3 years ; prom. to lieut-col. from maj. Nov. 30, 1861 ; to col. July 5, 1862 ; brev. brig-general Jan. 25, 1865; brig.-general March 31, 1865 ; brev. maj.-general Dec. 5, 1865. John S. Snook, lieut.-col., Nov. 29, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from maj. July 5, 1862 ; killed May 16, 1863, in battle of Champion Hills, Miss. George E. Wells, lieut-col., Oct 29, 1861, 3 years ; prom. to maj. from adj. July 5, 1862 ; to lieut-col. May 16, 1863 ; to col. June i6, 1865; not must. ; must. out with reg. July , 1865. Arthur Crocker, maj., Nov. 2, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from capt. company D, Feb. 26, 1864, to lieut-col. June 16, 1865 ; not must.; must. out with reg. July 10, 1865. Eugene B. Harrison, surgeon, Nov. 6, 1861, 3 years ; resigned June 9, 1864. M. A. Brown, surgeon, Sept. 26, 1864, 3 years ; declined. John G. Brigham, surgeon, Dec. 7, 1864, 3 years ; must. out with refit. July , 1865. Benjamin F. Berkley, ass't-surgeon, Oct. 21, 1861, 3 years; resigned Dec. 31, 1862. S. C. Chase, ass't-surgeon, Aug. 19, 1862, 3 years ; resigned Oct. 31, 1862. David C. Rathburne, ass't-surgeon, Feb. 4, 1863, 3 years; declined. 98 - HISTORY OF HENRY AND FULTON COUNTIES. W. C. Catlin, ass't-surgeon, April 28, 1863, 3 years ; declined. William Massie, ass't-surg., July i0, 1863, 3 years; appt. July 0, 1863; prom. to surg. July 13, 1864 ; declined ; resigned Aug. 20, 1864. L. B. Vorhees, ass't-surg., July 13, 1864, 3 years; declined. E. C. De Forest, ass't-surg., Oct. 25, 1864, 3 years; dechned. Andrew Jackson, adjt , Oct. i0, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from second lieut, company F, July 5, 1862 ; resigned Feb. 24, 1863. Thomas T. Cowan, adjt., Oct. 4, 1861, 3 years; appt. from first lieut. company H, Feb. 28, 1863 ; prom. to capt. May 5, 1864 ; declined -,-; must. out Oct. 27, 1864, on the expiration of term of service. Henry Welty, adjt., Oct. i0, 1861, 3 years; appt. from first lieut. company A, Oct. 24, 1864; prom. to capt. Nov. 26, 1864; declined , ; must. out with reg. July 10, 1865. James G. Haley, quartermaster, Oct. 0, 1861, 3 years; appt. Oct. 26, 1861 ; resigned Oct. 26, 1862. Leverett G. Crandall, quartermaster, Nov. 2, 1861, 3 years; appt. from first lieut. company D, Oct. 26, 1862; detailed April 24, 1863, to command mortar boats which opened bombardment of Vicksburg May 0, 1863 ; returned to regiment May 25, 1863 ; prom. to cap. and ass't-adjt-gen'l on staff of Gen'l Robert K. Scott, 2d Brigade, 3d Div., 17th Army Corps Nov. 8, 1864; mustered out March 20, 1865. Charles Bates, quartermaster, Oct. 16, 1861, 3 years ; prom. to serg't-maj. from private, company K, Nov. 23, 1861 ; to second lieut. company B, April 1, 1862 ; first lieut. company B, May 16, 1864, but declined to accept ; must. out April 5, 1865, on expiration of term of service. Elmer Y. Smutz, quartermaster, Oct. 16, 1861, 3 years ; appt. from first lieut. company C, April 10, 1865; must. out with regiment July 10, 1865. Martin Perkey, chap., Dec. 24, 1861, 3 years ; resigned Sept. 17, 1862. Samuel R. Adams, serg't-maj., Oct. 17, 1861, 3 years ; prom. to quartermaster-sergeant from private company F, Nov. 20, 1861. Isaac McCoy, serg't-maj., Oct. 22, 1861, 3 years; prom. from first serg't company C, Oct. 26, 1862 ; to second lieut. company A, Nov. 10, 1863. Milton Stout, serg't-maj., Oct. 26, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from first serg't company F, April 30, 1864 ; to capt. company F, Jan. 11, 1865 ; veteran. Alfred M. Russel, serg't-maj., Dec. 3, 1863, 3 years ; prom. from private company C, Jan. 27, 1865; mustered out with regiment July 10, 1865. Jacob Bruner, quartermaster-sergeant, Nov. 23, 1861, 3 years; prom. from serg't company C, April 1, 1862 ; disch. April 5, 1863, to accept promotion in 5th Louisiana Volunteers, African descent; killed June 7, 1863, at action in Milliken's Bend, La. Charles E. Reynolds, quartermaster-sergeant, Jan. 5, 1862, 3 years; prom. from private company F, April 20, 1863 ; captured May, 1863, at Clinton, HENRY COUNTY - 99 Miss., while carrying dispatches; exchanged Aug., 1863 ; captured Feb. 10, 1864, at Morton, Miss. ; exchanged April 17, 1865 ; must. out June 16, 1865, at Camp Chase, O., by order of war department ; veteran. William G. Lamb, com.-serg't., Nov. 26, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from private company I, Nov. 27, 1861 ; disch. July 23, 1862, at Cincinnati, O., on surgeon's certificate of disability. Jacob A. Dorshimer, com.-serg't., Nov. 5, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from private company K, Feb. 14, 1863 ; to first lieut. company K, Nov. 26, 1864 ; veteran. Frank Flemmer, com.-serg't. Oct. 25, 1861, 3 years; prom. from private, company F, Dec. 25, 1864 ; must. out with regt. July , 1865 ; veteran. James M. McGriffin, hosp. steward, Oct. 0, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from private, company I, Nov. 26, 1861 ; disch. May 8, 1862, at Shiloh, Tenn., on surgeon's certificate of disability. John G. Parry, hosp. steward, Oct. 8, 1861, 3 years; prom. from private, company F, Oct. 23, 1863 ; wounded May 6, 1863, in battle of Champion Hills, Miss,; must. out Oct. 28, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., on expiration of term of service. Cary E. McCann, hosp. steward, Dec. 13, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from private, company I, Oct. 8, 1864 ; to second lieut. Jan. 11, 1865 ; not must.; must. out with regiment July 10, 1865 ; veteran. Larkin Linthicum, prin. mus., Oct. 15, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from private company A, March 12, 1862; mustered out with refit. July , 1865 ; veteran. Ithamer Culbertson, prin. mus., Dec. 5, 1861, 3 years ; prom. from private, company E, April 12, 1862; must. out with regiment July , 1865 ; veteran. Guy E. Eastman, drum-maj., Nov. 15, 1861, 3 years ; disch. April 5, 1862, by order of war department. John B. Mikesell, fife-maj., Dec. 5, 1861, 3 years ; died March I 1, 1862, at Fort Donelson, Tenn. Company A.-Lewis W. Richards, captain Oct. 3, 1861, 3 years ; app't Nov. 5, 1861 ; mus. out Oct. 26, 1864, on expiration of term of service. Isaac McCoy, captain, Oct. 22, 1861, 3 years; prom. to second lieut. from serg't-maj. Nov. 0, 1863 ; capt, Nov. 26, 1864 ; mus. out with company July 10, 1865. Abram C. Urquhart, first lieutenant, Oct. 28, 1861, 3 years ; appt. Nov. 21, 1861; prom. to captain Nov. 11, 1862, but declined to accept ; mus. out Dec. 19, 1864, near Savannah, Ga., on expiration of term of service. William F. Williams, first lieut., Oct. 12, 1861, 3 years ; appt. second lieut. Nov. 21, 1861 ; prom. to first lieut. Oct. 26, 1862 ; to rapt. company D, May 9, 1862. Henry Welty, first lieut., Oct. 7, 1861, 3 years; prom. to second lieut. company F, Feb. 26, 1864 ; appt. adj. Oct. 24, 1862. -Row 1, Cell 1-