(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 500 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO ber of years the company made sanitary enamel ware, house and farm pumps. In 1914, J. C. Gorman, now president and general manager of the company, designed a new power pump, now an important item of manufacture. Mr. Barnes is chairman of the board of directors of the company, which normally employs 250 men. Some months ago the company purchased a Cleveland concern merging it with the Mansfield plant, enabling it to manufacture a complete line of high quality plumbing supplies. The Sun Glow Industries, Inc., furniture manufacturing concern of Mansfield, is now a part of Domestic Industries, Inc., formed for the extensive manufacture and marketing of home and office furnishings and equipment. William Switzer is president of the company. F. B. Zeig, of Fredericktown, is president of the Sun Glow Co. Last fall the Sun Glow Co. began construction of indoor golf courses as an addition to its lines of manufacture. One of the most recent industries in Mansfield is the Memorial Tablet Co. for the manufacture of bronze and alum-ide grave markers, also tablets for office buildings. The present officers of the Mansfield Manufacturers' Club are : President, S. Glenn Vinson, president of the Ideal Electric & Manufacturing Co.; vice president, Cloyd A. Hines, vice president and treasurer of the Roderick Lean Co.; executive committee, Frank B. Mahoney, vice president of Humphryes Manufacturing Co.; Alan P. Tappan, superintendent of the Tappan Stove Company ; and Harold G. Balyeat, president of the Balyeat Manufacturing Co. ; treasurer, A. D. Cadell, secretary of the Chamber of Commerce. Wellington T. Leonard, whom Mr. Cadell succeeded as secretary of the Manufacturers' Club, is now chairman of the Ohio Industrial Commission. George C. Balliet is president of the Richland County Bankers' Association. Mansfield's postmaster, Harry E. Hawley, is a member of the executive committee of the National Association of postmasters. E. B. Kallmerten in president and Charles I. Kimmel, secretary of the Richland County Fish & Game Protective Association. A large insurance company of Mansfield is the Lumbermen's Mutual Insurance Co. and another is the Lincoln Mutual Indemnity Co. Frank H. Marquis, prominent Mansfield banker and past grand master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, F. & A. M., is grand treasurer of the Royal and Select Masters Council of Ohio. Mr. Marquis is one HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 501 of the originators of the present ritualistic work of Masonic Councils of Ohio. MAYORS OF MANSFIELD. The incorporation of Mansfield as a village was on Feb. 8, 1828, twenty years after the town was laid out. It was incorporated as a city Jan. 5, 1857, when its population was 5,121. The first mayor of Mansfield was Jacob Lindley but there seems to be no record of his immediate successors. Historian Graham starts the list with Joseph Lindley in 1846 and says that among the early mayors were Joseph Hildreth, Henry Huffman and Simeon Bowman. A newspaper clipping of a few years ago gives the following list of mayors from a Mansfield's pioneer's notes: 1835, J. G. Gilkison ; 1836, Joseph Berry ; 1837, B. W. Burr ; 1839, C. F. Sherman ; 1841, S. C. Coffinberry; 1843, Joe Hildredth ; 1845, Thomas H. Ford ; 1846, Joe Lindley; 1847, Fred Cook ; 1848, S. J. Kirkwood ; 1849, P. P. Hull ; 1850, H. Colby, 1851, N. D. McMullen ; 1853, Perkins Bigelow ; 1854, A. Poe ; 1855, I. Gass ; 1856, George F. Carpenter ; 1857, S. B. Sturges ; 1859, I. W. Littler ; 1860, W. A. Moore; 1861, B. S. Runyan ; 1862, I. Cobean ; 1864, Darius Dirlam; 1866, M. E. Douglas ; 1867, A. C. Slutz; 1869, Capt. A. C. Cummins ; 1871, J. B. Netscher ; 1875, I. Gass ; 1876, J. R. Richardson ; 1879, J. Craighead ; 1881, C. G. Stough ; 1885, George A. Clugston ; 1887, Robert B. McCrory; 1891, J. Newlon ; 1893, T. F. Black ; 1895, R. B. McCrory ; 1897, J. P. Henry; 1899, Huntington Brown ; 1901, T. R. Robison ; 1903, Huntington Brown ; 1905, Wm. F. Voegele, Jr.; 1909, Huntington Brown ; 1911, Wm. E. O'Donnell; 1913, Fred S. Marquis ; 1915, George H. Lowrey : 1917, H. G. Brunner ; 1923, C. H. Stander ; 1925, J. Earl Ports; and 1929 to ____ , Chas. S. Moore. BUILDING PROJECTS OF 1931. One of the landmarks of North Main Street disappeared during 1930 when the old Vonhof hotel building on the east side of the street between Third and Fourth streets was razed. First buildings on this site were a couple of frame houses, in one of which Samuel Bukias had his tin ship and in the other he lived. Historian Graham tells how, when these buildings burned down, Mrs. Bukias ran through the crowd to the Wiler House across the street, then remembering her baby "ran back, caught it up, wrapping it in her apron. 502 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO and again pushed her way through the crowd to the Wiler. Greatly excited, she had dropped the baby in the street and did not miss it until she came into the house. Almost frantic, she ran back again and found it in the street, unhurt among the tramping rush and confusion of the excited crowd." After her husband's death, Mrs. Bukias married Felix Leiter, who more than a century ago started the first hotel on this site. This also was burned and in 1844 there was erected on the site a small brick hotel, the Teegarden House, named for its builder. It afterwards became the Weldon House and as the St. James, was remodeled and enlarged from time to time. More than seventy years ago, Louis Vonhof, who died April 10, 1904, at the age of eighty-eight years, purchased the property and later the hostelry became the Hotel Vonhof. The site has been leased from grandchildren of Vonhof by Warner Bros. Theaters, Inc., which is to erect a $450,000 modern theater-mercantile building to be completed next autumn. The auditorium will have a seating capacity of 2,500, the largest auditorium in the city. In January, 1931, ground was broken for the new Madison Theatre, as part of the Madison Township soldiers' and sailors' memorial building. The theatre part of this building was burned Feb. 10, 1929. The building will cost $172,000. G. W. Benedict, commander of McLaughlin Post, G. A. R., was in charge of the ceremony of breaking ground. James H. Herring, Civil War veteran, member of the board of trustees, a member of the board at the time the original building was erected, turned the first shovel of earth. The Ohio Bell Telephone Co., in 1930, purchased property on West Second Street on which it will erect the plant previously referred to. The Isaly Dairy Co. is to reconstruct its building on North Franklin Avenue and there are quite a number of other building projects scheduled for the coming year. Repairs are to be made to the municipal airport on the North Main Street road. Among the prominent Mansfielders who died during 1930 were S. N. Ford, L. J. Bonar and George W. Blymyer. One of a score of passengers on the historic flight of the Graf Zeppelin with Dr. Hugo Eckener across the Atlantic in June, 1930, was Burton Preston, Sr., of Mansfield. Since the early days, Mansfield has had an annual agricultural fair. For the 1930 fair the Richland County Agricul- HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 503 tural Society adopted a new plan, the free gate, which proved quite successful, including in addition to races, various amusement attractions, saddle-horse show, county flower show, state fish and game exhibit and Richland County school exhibits. This first free fair, under the auspices of the county society, was held July 28th to 31st and August 1st and 2d. Richland County ranks first in Ohio in the number of forests and woodlot demonstrations. It has about 1,000 acres of forestry lands, made up of fifty woodlots receiving special forestry attention. MANSFIELD STATE REFORMATORY. The Mansfield State Reformatory is an important institution. Early in January of the present year the institution's population was near 3,200. Superintendent Jenkins says that if the present rate of increase is maintained, the reformatory will have a population of 5,000 by 1940. The new chaplain of the reformatory is the Rev. William K. Mackey, formerly pastor of Trinity M. E. Church at Mt. Gilead. This institution has made substantial progress during the years in the transformation of first offenders into useful, industrious citizens. And this in the face of the complicated conditions of our civilization today, the perplexing social problems that our rapidly growing cities and towns present, high-powered autos over paved roads in every direction facilitating the escape of criminals after the commission of a crime. Corrective institutions have vastly graver problems than they had a generation ago. Yet the visions of Ohio prison reformers, such as the late General Roeliff Brinkerhoff, of Mansfield, of an institution in which first offenders would be separated from hardened criminals and would find conditions helpful for them to make a new start, have been realized in a larger measure than many people realize who see so many pages of the daily papers filled with the disheartening details of terrible crimes. "Our failures are advertised ; our successes are not," that great humanitarian, the late Dr. James A. Leonard, for so many years superintendent of the Mansfield Reformatory, used to say. Crime is spectacular, whereas the useful routine of everyday life is not. A large per cent of the young men paroled from the reformatory fulfill the conditions on which they obtain their release, receive their final 504 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO discharge and make good. Their reclamation does not very often make a news story ; but the arrest of a parole violator and his return to prison are usually mentioned. In 1867 the Board of State Charities made its first recommendation for an intermediate penitentiary for men who desired to be better. It was called intermediate, as being between the Industrial School at Lancaster and the Penitentiary at Columbus. In the years that followed similar recommendations were made, a bill was introduced in the lower house of the General Assembly but at two sessions no action was taken. The Board of State Charities was abolished in 1871, but in 1876 as the result of the influence of Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, it was reorganized, the Governor being ex-officio president. It urged action for the erection of an intermediate penitentiary, but no action was taken then nor on Governor Bishop's recommendation two years later. Finally in April, 1884, legislation was enacted for the establishment of an intermediate penitentiary, the Board of Managers appointed consisted of John M. Pugh, Columbus; John Q. Smith, Clinton County ; and Francis M. Marriott, Delaware. How this institution, which later became the reformatory, was located at Mansfield was told one time by the late Samuel N. Ford of Mansfield, who died in August, 1930. When he and three other members of the Mansfield Board of Trade, Michael D. Harter, afterward Congressman ; B. F. Crawford and Martin B. Bushnell, were not at all sanguine of success when they went to Columbus to confer with the Board of Managers to whom had been left the selection of a site. "Where is Mansfield?" one of the managers, Mr. Smith, asked, after Mr. Harter had spoken. Mansfield's advantageous location was explained and later the board visited the city, was impressed with the site containing the Tingley springs northeast of Mansfield and certain conditions having been met, farm lands secured, the institution was located there. To the original farm hundreds of acres have since been added besides farm lands leased by the state. U. S. Senator John Sherman was president of the day when the cornerstone was laid Nov. 4, 1886, and among those who spoke were General Brinkerhoff, Mayor George Clugston of Mansfield ; John Q. Smith, member of the board ; Governor Foraker, S. S. Williams and General R. B. Hayes, former President of the United States. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 505 Levi T. Scofield was the architect and the estimated cost of the building was $1,326,769.95. Completion of the institution was delayed by reason of the Scott law, carrying appropriations for the reformatory, being declared unconstitutional, so that it was not until Sept. 17, 1896, one of the wings having been finished, that the reformatory was opened with 150 first term prisoners from the penitentiary. On September 30 the first prisoner by direct commitment was received. W. D. Patterson of Cleveland, for years at the head of the Cleveland workhouse, was the first superintendent. Following his resignation a year later, William E. Sefton of Mt. Vernon, who had served during the Civil War in President Hayes' regiment, the Twenty-third O. V. I., was promoted from assistant superintendent to succeed him. In 1901 Dr. James A. Leonard, educator, became superintendent of the reformatory and his correctional methods attracted attention of noted penologists of this and other lands, the Ohio institution becoming one of the best known of its kind in the world. After seventeen years as head of the institution Dr. Leonard resigned on account of ill health, his death following on Aug. 11, 1918. The present superintendent, T. C. Jenkins, succeeded him. In addition to being employed part time on the reformatory farms, the inmates are taught in the reformatory schools ; they receive manual training instruction, printing, tailoring, carpentry, furniture making and other lines of handicraft. The aptitudes of the young men are studied and every encouragement given to vocational guidance and especially to the development of character. Every incentive to good conduct, faithfulness, and laudable ambition is placed before them ; there are honors which they can earn that will help them in obtaining parole ; they are urged to develop the best that is in them so that they may become good citizens. SHELBY, SHARON TOWNSHIP. Steadily growing in importance industrially, and with that fine spirit of co-operation, characteristic of so many growing communities of North Central Ohio, much in evidence among its public-spirited citizens, the thriving little city of Shelby, twelve miles northwest of Mansfield, gives much promise of future advancement. By the 1930 census its population was 6,198 and that of Sharon Township, out- 506 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO side of Shelby, 826. It is on the B. & 0. and Big Four railroads, the Mansfield and Shelby interurban line and auto routes 61, 39, and 96. Through the city flows the Blackfork of the Mohican, which figures so prominently in pioneer annals. It has been well said that Shelby is a hustling manufacturing city. Its largest industry is the Ohio Seamless Tube Company, an account of which is given in this chapter. Among the other important industries are the Shelby Sales Book Company, Autocall Company, Shelby Spring Hinge Co., Shelby Metal Products Co., Chicago Handlebar Co., Shelby Paper Box Co., and Shelby Cycle Frame Co. It is a city of splendid churches, fine streets and public buildings and excellent schools. A few years ago Shelby completed a modern $350,000 high school building. R. I. Lewis is superintendent of schools and C. G. Tenor is principal of the high school. The enrollment in the schools at the close of 1930 was 1,190. The First Presbyterian Church of Shelby had its beginning in a meeting held in 1823 in a cabin at Taylor's Corners, with five people in attendance. The first church was erected in 1834, the second one in 1852, the third one forty years later being destroyed by fire three weeks after it had been enlarged and rededicated. The church edifice, erected in 1902, was burned three years later and the present church built to replace it was remodeled and rededicated in October, 1923, in connection with the centennial of this church. The Methodist Church in 1925 spent $50,000 in remodeling. St. Mary's is a splendid new church of recent years. Other churches are Christian, Baptist, Reformed, Lutheran and United Brethren. C. W. Sipe, who was eighty-one in November, 1930, has been director of the Shelby M. E. Church choir for more than fifty years. Two institutions of which Shelby is especially proud are the Shelby Memorial Hospital and the Marvin Memorial Library. Shelby has two banks, the First National and the Citizens, besides building and loan companies. Franz K. Hall, cashier of the First National Bank, was made a thirty-third degree Mason in September, 1930. C. C. Bloomfield, cashier of the Citizens Bank, was chairman for 1930 of group six, Ohio Bankers' Association. Raymond L. Castor, native of Ashland County, has been editor of the Daily Globe ever since it was founded nearly thirty-one years ago. The novelist, Dawn Powell, was at one time a reporter on this paper. Among the many other prominent former Shelbyites are Whiting Williams, noted economist, HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 507 writer on sociology of labor and social problems; his brother, Beatty B. Williams, president and general manager of the Cooper Bessemer Corp. of Mt. Vernon ; and John W. Love, business editor of the Cleveland Press. State Senator C. J. Anderson of the 27-29th senatorial district is a resident of Shelby. The late William W. Skiles, Shelby attorney, was at one time Congressman from the old fourteenth congressional district of Ohio. Shelby was not laid out until June, 1834, but as early as the fall of 1818, a few months before Sharon Township was organized, three men from near Norwalk, Conn., Stephen Marvin, Henry Whitney and Eli Wilson, came to the site of the future Shelby and raised cabins. At this point two Indian trails crossed, and these became roads over which the early settlers traveled. Here John Gamble from New York State erected a log mill operated by horse power. In 1821 Miss Deborah Moyer started a school, her wage being "nine shillings per week and board herself." At an election in April, 1823, fourteen men voted in choosing seventeen officers. Twelve of the voters were Federalists and two Republican, as the Democratic party was then called. Most of the voters lived in what is now Jackson Township, Sharon subsequently being cut to its present size, four by six miles. Early day annals tell of friendly visits of Indians from the Wyandot Reservation to the cabins of the settlers. John Kerr in 1826 opened the first blacksmith shop in the township and three years later built a grist mill. In 1828 when a postoffice was established at Gamble's Mills, John Gamble became postmaster. Six years later he laid out twenty-three lots, but until about 1840 the village continued to be called Gamble's Mills. Most accounts say it was named after Colonel George Shelby of Kentucky, but one mentions a tradition regarding a dispute in which the victors said "It shell be," this declaration becoming the name of the village. A frame schoolhouse, erected at North and Gamble streets in 1835, succeeded the old log schoolhouse. The construction of the Mansfield, Sandusky and Newark Railroad through Shelby in 1846 caused the village to grow. New schoolhouses were erected, one in 1849, two in 1855, a high school building in 1864, a new union school building finished at the beginning of 1876. Since that time the needs of the city have been met by adequate construction. Facts regarding the Shelby schools are given in another chapter. 508 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO The property valuation in Shelby in April, 1930, showed an increase of $275,000 over the previous year. Of this, $100,000 was for a factory building and $90,000 for a new office building. Famous fire fighters fifty-seven years ago were The Leiters, who at a hook and ladder tournament in Ashland in August, 1874, won the seniors' prize of $100 over Wooster, Alliance, Mansfield and the Red Rovers of Elyria. The survivors of this famous company had a reunion a few years ago and the rivalry of the volunteer fire companies of other days was recalled. A famous son of Shelby was Gaylord M. Saltzgaber of Van Wert, Civil War Veteran, who served as State Senator, United States Commissioner of Pensions in the Wilson administration and from 1922 to 1923, state commander, Department of Ohio, G. A. R. He practiced law in Van Wert nearly half a century and was mayor of that city. Mr. Saltzgaber was born in March, 1846, in Shelby, where, for more than thirty years, his father, Samuel Saltzgaber, kept hotel. The old gentleman was a strong Republican, a great friend of Senator John Sherman, who always stopped at Saltzgaber's hotel whenever he was in Shelby. The elder Saltzgaber, who died in February, 1903, at the home of his son, Gaylord, in Van Wert, quit smoking after he reached the century mark, having come to the conclusion that tobacco wasn't good for him, but he wore his plug hat and his Republicanism until he died. He never could understand how Gaylord, who had sat on Senator Sherman's lap, ever came to be a Democrat. He was very proud of the fact that six of his sons and two sons-in-law were Civil War soldiers and that twenty-nine of his grandsons fought for their country. The centenarian had a strong, vigorous body and mind and his last sickness was of only a few days' duration. LAST OF COMMODORE PERRY'S MEN. In Oakland Cemetery at Shelby is buried John F. Rice, last of Commodore Perry's men at the Battle of Lake Erie in 1813 and who also participated in the Battle of the Thames in Canada, Oct. 5, 1813. He told the late S. S. Bloom in 1875 all about his war experiences. According to Rice's recollections, the only men in the boat with Perry when the commodore was rowed from the Lawrence to the Niagara HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 509 were Jacob Tool and Alex Metlan. The famous painting in the rotunda of the State House at Columbus shows a number of people in the boat. He said that Capt. Elliott had not been able to bring the Niagara into action, the wind being against him, but that after Perry took command of the Niagara the tide of battle turned and the victory was soon gained. Rice said that at the Battle of the Thames he saw Tecumseh rush upon Colonel Richard M. Johnson with a tomahawk as the colonel, wounded, his horse shot from under him, was on the ground. Johnson raised up, pulled his pistol from his left holster and shot the famous Indian leader, who was dead as Rice passed by him. Rice died March 8, 1880, at the age of ninety years, five months and seventeen days. On Armistice Day, 1923, in Oakland Cemetery a monument to John F. Rice was dedicated under the auspices of Harker Post, G. A. R. ; George Broderick Post, V. F. W. ; and O'Brien Post, American Legion. Samuel F. Stambaugh, who had known Rice personally, delivered the principal address. The present Shelby officials are : Mayor, G. W. Marriott ; city clerk, Bert Fix ; members of council, D. M. Doty, F. J. Kots, M. O. Bushey, C. V. Kinsell and Guy McClain ; director of law, F. C. Long; city engineer, Boyd Wierman ; board of education, Mrs. Clara Dick, J. C. Morris, Fred H. Palmer, Charles W. Wilson and E. D. Dowds ; health officer, J. A. Sonnanstine. Franz K. Hall, Shelby banker, prominent in Masonry for many years, was honored last September by receiving the thirty-third degree. Few Masons of any generation receive this honor. Mansfield thirty-third degree Masons have been former Mayor Huntington Brown, the late Charles H. Voegele, Frank H. Marquis, Charles F. Ackerman and E. G. Robinson. Shelby is looking forward to having a new federal building. In March, 1931, a provision in the appropriation bill for federal buildings for a $105,000 appropriation for Shelby postoffice building was approved by the U. S. House and Senate. The U. S. Treasury Department has advertised for site proposals. Shelby's postmaster, A. H. Anderson, who received appointment in 1923 from President Harding, died March 17, 1931, at the age of sixty-eight years. Prior to becoming postmaster in 1923, Mr. Anderson was a dry goods merchant in Shelby for many years. 510 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO OHIO SEAMLESS TUBE CO., SHELBY. The following article regarding the Ohio Seamless Tube Company, of Shelby, is by John W. Love, business editor of the Cleveland Press, a former Shelbyite : "Shelby, the half-way stop between Cleveland and Columbus, is one of the score or more of small industrial cities of Northern Ohio which are known for three or four rather specialized products. Some of them are parts of much larger industrial districts, but the greater number are independent centers of production. Cities like Norwalk, Galion, Wooster, Mt. Vernon could prosper anywhere in Ohio, almost anywhere in the East, though they all relate in some degrees to the nearness of iron and steel supply and large consuming markets. "The sales books, builder's hardware, electric calling devices and steel tubing made in Shelby are known all over the northern and eastern parts of the country. It is with the tubing that this article is concerned. The industry which flourishes there is one of the industrial romances of the state. "The people who organized the Ohio Seamless Tube Co. twenty years ago now have $20 for every dollar they put in, provided they held their stock. In addition they have received $10 in dividends since the formation of the company. Only $350,000 was ever put into the business. Today its assets exceed $4,000,000. The stock was placed on the Cleveland Exchange less than two years ago and in that time has more than doubled in value. Its rise last year from the 40s to the 70s attracted the attention of investors to the company's interesting business. "Ohio Seamless was not the first tube company in Shelby. Nearly forty years ago, when the bicycle craze was sweeping the country, Henry A. Lozier, then a manufacturer of bicycles, and a group of Shelby people got together and built the first seamless steel tube works in America. The machinery came from Birmingham, England. The company bought its pierced billets in Sweden and drew them down into tubing of bicycle frame and handlebar sizes. After several consolidations the plant found itself in the United States Steel Corporation, and in 1908, after a fire that swept it clean, the site was abandoned. "Shelby, however, knew a little more than how to make tubes. The citizens got together and formed their own independent com- HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 511 pany, suspecting even then that a large business could be put together in the manufacture of material for the rapidly growing automobile industry. The company specialized from the start in the requirements of the factories in Detroit, and among its customers in 1909 were Ford, Maxwell, Packard and Cadillac. The leading spirit in the founding of the new company was John C. Fish, who was first president of National Lamp. "The automobile industry continued and remained the company's largest market, although during the war it made large quantities of boiler tubes for merchant and war vessels as the older company had for the battleships used in the Spanish-American War. Shortly after it was founded the company began to use alloy steel in tube making. It co-operated with the Central Steel Co. of Massillon, now Central Alloy, which was of about the same age, and it is probable that Ohio Seamless today turns out a larger amount of alloy tubing than any other establishment. It has been for many years the largest cold drawn seamless tube mill in the United States. "During the last ten years the officers have been watching the growth of a department of the business which the founders could hardly have imagined. This is airplane tubing. Beginning with insignificant but rather exacting orders, the airplane companies have been increasing their demand until it now forms a large tonnage. "After one or two airplane companies themselves and an aluminum plant, the Ohio Seamless Company perhaps has as large a business in the field of aircraft as any other concern in this territory. About seventy builders of aircraft are on its books. The requirements of airplane builders are so difficult that many manufacturers have not until recently cared to go after their business. The tube material is used both in the fuselage and the driving mechanism. "A small but interesting use for the company's product is in the manufacture of metal golf sticks. These are said to be taking the place of wooden sticks very rapidly. This winter the company has been drawing rather substantial tonnages of the small tubing used for this purpose. "The plant has been running at full capacity day and night for several months, with about 700 employes. Nearly all the workmen are from the town and farming community around about, as they always have been. A few have been employed in other steel plants but most of them have been trained by the men who worked out the 512 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO craft of seamless tube making when the mill at Shelby was the only one in the western hemisphere. "The company has five tube mills in the Shelby works, two of them the improved automatic. This year the company expects to spend $160,000 for improvements. Eventually it will have changed over the remaining mills to the automatic, and workmen operating the piercing machinery will merely push and pull levers. Mechanical handling has been installed throughout and the works put otherwise in shape to meet lowered prices and still make money. These economies in production have been accompanied by a slow increase in the number of men employed and a rapid increase in the amount of business done. The number of men employed increased eleven per cent, the tonnage increased twenty-four per cent, and the earnings increased eighty-five per cent. If other manufacturers were as fortunate there would be little concern over the effect of automatic machinery upon the labor displaced. "Net profits for 1928 were $612,365, equal to $6.48 a share on the common. They were $330,337 in 1927. The company regularly pays 50 cents a quarter but total dividends last year were $3.50 a share. A dividend of $1 a share was paid February 15th, and the buoyancy of the stock at that time indicated the belief on the part of the stockholders that this rate would become customary. President A. C. Morse recently announced the company's position and prospects were best in the company's twenty-year history. "Most of the stockholders live in Shelby, Cleveland and Detroit. Many of them have been in the company from the beginning, among them the president, Mr. Morse, and the chairman of the board, former Judge Edwin Mansfield of Mansfield. Directors are R. C. Skiles, G. G. Skiles and H. G. Hildebrant of Shelby ; H. H. Stoner of Cleveland ; F. G. Griffiths of Massillon, chairman of the board of Central Alloy ; and J. A. Anderson, the Detroit sales representative. "Morse's first connection with tube manufacture was as a laborer in the construction of the first mill in 1890. He was then a farmer boy, with many others who later worked in the tube works. On the formation of the present company he became superintendent, then general manager, then president. When Ohio Seamless was organized in 1908, the United States Steel Corporation had the patents on the piercing mill previously employed in Shelby, and the new company could not use it. But Morse invented a new mill and a plant HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 513 was built around it before anybody knew for a certainty that it would work. As soon as the power was applied the machine started off and successfully pierced billets. Shelby people did not know until some time afterward on how thin a margin its survival in the tube business had depended." Attorney E. K. Trauger of Plymouth gives the following sketch of his home town : VILLAGE OF PLYMOUTH. "The village of Plymouth, which is located in two counties, Richland and Huron, dates its origin back to the days of the War of 1812, or more particularly to the years immediately succeeding that war. The selection of the site of Plymouth was brought about by the camping on the present site of General Beall's army of 2,000 Pennsylvania militia who were enroute from Fort DuQuesne to Lower Sandusky, for the purpose of assisting Major Groghan defend the fort at that place. General Beall had with him an Indian guide, and coming to the place now occupied by Plymouth, a camp was made because of need of rest and the nearness to a fine spring on the bank of the branch of the Huron River. "With the army was a young man named Abram Trux, and after the close of the war he followed the Indian trail which was the road taken by the army and when he again arrived at the old camp site, he decided to start a homestead. This was in the year 1815. After working to clear a space, he returned to Pennsylvania for the winter and in the spring returned with his family and seven other families, for a permanent residence. "The village grew and in the year 1825 Mr. Trux laid out the place into lots, assisted in the work by John Barney and Lemuel Powers. In the meantime schools were established and churches were organized. The first church was the Presbyterian, which was soon followed by the Methodist. In the year 1834 the town was incorporated and the name of Paris given to it. However, it was found impossible to get a postoffice because of a previous postoffice in the state by that name and so the name Plymouth was selected. "The first settlers were of English, Scotch and Irish descent, the founder, Abram Trux, being an Irish Catholic. Soon afterwards immigrants from the New England States and New York came." 514 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO Plymouth is on the B. & 0. R. R., the A. C. & Y. (old Northern Ohio) and state auto routes 61, 98 and 178. When the Sandusky, Norwalk & Mansfield traction line was built in 1904, it was through Plymouth, which had electric line service until the road was discontinued some years ago. Of Plymouth's population of 1,339, 824 is in Plymouth Township, Richland County, and 515 in New Haven Township, Huron County. It is seven miles north of Shelby and four miles northwest of Shiloh. Three miles to the north is New Haven, which figured so prominently in early day narratives. The Huron River has its source south of Plymouth. "No place in Northern Ohio has a more colorful past than that of the village of Plymouth," said Mayor J. B. Derr in a radio talk over WJW, Mansfield, in 1930. He told of the Pennsylvania militiamen, who camped on what is now the Plymouth square, on their way to the defense of Lower Sandusky during the War of 1812, how a village grew up at the site of General Beall's old camp ground, the organization of the first church, the incorporation of the village in 1834 as Paris, the Plymouth of today and its industries, among which are the Root-Heath Manufacturing Co., established in Plymouth in 1905, manufacturing gasoline and oil burning locomotives ranging in size from two to sixty tons, also a fifty-ton gas-electric locomotive ; brick and tile machinery, lawn mower sharpeners and hardware specialties. John A. Root is president of the company ; Charles E. Heath, vice president and general manager ; Halsey S. Root, secretary ; Perry H. Root, treasurer ; and Earl W. Heath, sales manager. John Flemming's furniture factory was also mentioned. P. W. Thomas is editor of the Plymouth Advertiser ; Robert H. Nimmons is president and Eldon Nimmons cashier of the Peoples National Bank, organized in 1903. Don W. Einsel owns and operates one of the most modern elevators in any Northern Ohio town. William Johns is postmaster and the prosperity of the community is seen in the steadily increasing receipts of the office. A $25,000 school building was erected in Plymouth in 1875. This has since been improved and a fine new high school building erected. One of Plymouth's citizens of the long ago, Daniel Brewer, represented Richland County in the General Assembly from 1847 to 1849. Frank Tubbs, aged Plymouth man, had enough thrilling experiences as an Indian fighter in the far West to make at least a couple HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 515 of books. More than sixty-seven years ago he was transferred to the Eleventh Cavalry and now is the only one left of Company K. He tells of service at Fort Leavenworth and of crossing the plains in the dead of winter to Fort Laramie ; of exciting times in the Sioux country ; and of carrying dispatches across the plains. "Often I have been in the saddle fourteen hours at a stretch and more than once for twenty-four hours," said he. "Usually we had to lie low in the underbrush in the day time, but at night we rode hard. In the three years I was in the West I had six horses shot out from under me." He gave personal reminiscences of Col. Jim Bridger, Sitting Bull, Chief Spotted Tail, Old Man Afraid of His Horse and numerous other characters of the West. He told of skirmishes on the very ground where the Custer massacre occurred later. After he returned to Plymouth he worked as a carpenter and cabinet maker. He died Feb. 22, 1931. One of the distinctions of Plymouth is the number of aged people. Charles Taylor was ninety-three Feb. 13, 1931; Mrs. Hannah Bistline is eighty-nine ; Ezra Kochenderfer, eighty-eight ; Mrs. Eliza Sykes, Mrs. Augusta Spear and Mrs. Dolly Hannick, each eighty-six ; and seven other in the eighties, besides fifty who are at least seventy years of age. Rear Admiral B. F. Day, previously referred to as celebrating his ninetieth birthday anniversary, is a native of Plymouth. His brother, S. B. Day, who died in Mansfield a few years ago at the age of eighty-seven, is buried in the Plymouth cemetery. Admiral Day, during the Civil War, commanded the New London, which was wrecked by a Confederate artillery on the Mississippi, and the young officer, badly wounded, barely escaped with his life. He was in Ford's theatre on the night President Lincoln was assassinated, heard the shot and saw Booth leap from the presidential box to the stage. The old Day home in Plymouth is now occupied by the Curpen Jewelry Store. The old brick tavern on Sandusky Street, a landmark of Plymouth for many years, was torn down a few months ago. It was erected in 1850, by a man named Shepler. The tavern was well patronized by teamsters hauling grain to market at Milan. Churches of Plymouth are Methodist, Presbyterian and Lutheran. Miss Eleanor Searle, who sang in the Metropolitan Opera Co. in New York City, is a native of Plymouth. Mention has previously been made of Plymouth's oldest physician, Dr. Samuel Holtz, whose help- 516 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO fulness to needy and suffering families in the marsh district west of Plymouth has been the occasion of numerous newspaper articles. He is still vigorous and bids fair to continue his work for years to come. R. R. Miller is superintendent of the Plymouth village schools and the other teachers are T. S. Jenkins, James Derr, Naomi Young, Merle Wolfe, J. C. Murlin, Helen Pancoast, Lucile Fenner, Ruth McClellan, Harriett Farrar, Florence Danner, Mary Sheeley, Maxine Harsel and Stella Nye. Teachers of Plymouth Township rural schools are: Trauger, Mrs. Mae McCullough; North, Mrs. Amy E. McConnell; Kuhn, Mrs. Pearl Moore; Griffiths, Deryle Cramer ; Marsh Run, Greta Russell; Faulkner, Mrs. Thelma Brown ; A. E. Willet is teacher of music. Plymouth village officials are : Mayor, J. B. Derr ; clerk, E. K. Trauger ; treasurer, Alberta Hoffman ; marshal, David Burkett ; members of council, Morris Backrach, E. L. Earnest, Thurman R. Ford, Clay C. Hulbert, Joe Lash and Charles West. It was at Plymouth nearly eighty-seven years ago, when Henry Clay was a candidate for the presidency, that the future statesman John Sherman made his first political speech. When Joseph M. Root, Whig candidate for Congress, was delayed in reaching the meeting, young John was called on to speak. At Hamilton Hall, Plymouth, on the evening of Oct. 10, 1905, Myron T. Herrick, then candidate for re-election as Governor, and who later became United States Ambassador to France, gave a talk in which he recalled how as a boy he had driven cattle for a Plymouth man, Moses Billstein, who was present at the meeting. One of Plymouth's most prominent citizens, Clayton F. Root, seventy-eight, long identified with manufacturing and civic affairs, died Feb. 22, 1931. BELLVILLE, JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. Along the Clearfork, in picturesque Jefferson Township, is the village of Bellville on the B. & 0. R. R. and state auto route 13, ten miles south of Mansfield. To this site 123 years ago came a Virginian, James McCluer, accompanied by Jonathan Oldfield and Thomas McCluer of Pickaway County, opening a road from Fredericktown to the site of Bellville, where he decided to locate. Making his way to Canton, Thomas entered the land and while he was gone HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 517 the two young men started on the clearing of the land. McCluer's cabin was the second in what is now Richland County. In the following year he brought his family to their new abode in the forest and in the years that followed other settlers came. Robert Bell, Sr., having purchased the land from McCluer, laid out the town of Bellville in 1815. James McCluer was one of the first associate judges of Richland County. He moved to Mansfield where he lived for many years and subsequently lived at Leesville. The blockhouse, erected during the War of 1812, was on the site of the Gatton elevator. Isaac Hoy was the first postmaster in 1824. One of the settlers in the township in 1810 was John Leedy, who brought his family in the following year. Many of his descendants live in the southern part of the township. In 1836 he opened a hotel in Bellville, remained six years, then returned to his farm where he died Sept. 6, 1851. He owned 640 acres of land and was one of the first trustees of Jefferson Township when it included territory now embraced in three townships. Two of the sons of David L. Garber and Susan Leedy Garber are Aaron Leedy Garber, founder of the Garber Publishing Co. in Ashland, and Prof. Levi Leedy Garber of Ashland College. For several years, beginning in 1815, William Spears taught private school and in 1818 Timothy Evarts taught the first public school in the township. In the Evarts cemetery, a mile south of Bellville, is buried Samuel Poppleton, a color sergeant in the Revolutionary War, who tradition says, planted the American flag upon the walls of Fort Ticonderoga at its surrender. In the Bellville cemetery is buried Major William Gillespie, Revolutionary soldier, who at the age of 104 years died in February, 1841. In this cemetery also is buried Capt. Joseph Johnson, who served in the War of 1812. The American Legion post in Bellville is named for Irvin Hiskey, Bellville soldier, killed in the Argonne forest offensive Oct. 3, 1918. The first church in the village was the Methodist. The other churches are Universalist, Lutheran, Catholic, Christian and Presbyterian. The community house and library in Bellville resulted from a survey of the town in 1917. It is financed by the Cockley Club. The first secretary was Miss Amanda Lattimore. There is a rest room and the second floor of the building has been used for an open health 518 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO clinic from time to time. Bellville has Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, Garden Club and various other active community organizations. The population of Bellville in 1930 was 987. The present officials are: Mayor, E. 0. Kochheiser ; clerk, L. G. Jackson ; treasurer, John Russell ; marshal, Wm. L. Miller ; members of council, John Teeter, Frank Bridgeland, C. B. Stanley, Arch Spain, Wm. Sheriff and Fred Reynolds. The postmaster is Glenn L. Shaffer. Chamber of Commerce president, H. L. Bigbee ; secretary, W. L. Clever. Among those who have been mayor of Bellville have been Otis Howard, L. F. Harrington, F. M. Potts, L. W. Severns, M. Reid, William F. Madden, John Morrow, A. H. Redding, Simon Hathaway, John F. Green, J. M. Swonger, W. M. Glass, Andrew Stevenson, C. 0. Lafferty, John A. Stuff, Grant Aungst, 0. H. Gurney, M. H. Barrett, J. G. Strickenberg, Clark B. Hines, L. M. Garber, J. F. Dill, F. M. Hess and E. 0. Kochheiser. The president of the Farmers Bank is Eugene Kochheiser ; cashier, H. L. Bigbee. Isaac Gatton is president of the Bellville Savings Bank and Hoyt Ford of Mansfield is the cashier. John D. Shafer has an elevator and Isaac Gatton conducts the Farm Bureau elevator. Gregor Cherp is editor of the Bellville Star. Bellville has an excellent playground surrounding the Bellville school. Superintendent of the Bellville schools is R. M. Garrison and the other teachers are Bella J. Cherp, Mary B. Garber, Martha E. Cline, Harley Cloud, Elizabeth Cloud, Evelyn Garber, Grace A. Hall, J. W. Wendling, music. Teachers in Jefferson Township rural schools are Forest Hall, Harry P. Taylor ; Steele, Mrs. June Hively ; Pleasant Hill, Mrs. Bessie Kochheiser ; Honey Creek, Nellie Olin ; Red Brush, Mrs. Phyllis L. Keith; Center Grove, Howard Swank ; Walnut Hill, Mrs. Margaret Lyst ; South, Mrs. Eulala Woodward. Frank Walters, one of the first rural carriers out of Bellville, completed thirty years of service December 13, last. Dr. J. W. Russell, who began the practice of medicine at Johnsville in 1888 and in Bellville in 1906, died in Bellville Feb. 1, 1931, at the age of nearly seventy-two years. Mr. and Mrs. John L. Swank of Bellville celebrated last December the fifty-ninth anniversary of their wedding day. One of their daughters is the wife of Former Congressman William A. Ashbrook of Johnstown. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 519 LEXINGTON, TROY TOWNSHIP. On the B. & O. R. R. and state auto route 42, six miles southwest of Mansfield, is the village of Lexington, Troy Township, which has an interesting history going back to 1812, in the spring of which year Amariah Watson built a log cabin a few rods above the mill site and later fortified it with port holes for defense in case of attack by the Indians. The first whites who settled permanently in the township came at the close of 1811 when William Gass entered land for himself and Francis Mitchell, purchasing it for $2 an acre. The Watson, Robinson, Culver, Spratt and Mitchell families were first to settle on the site of Lexington, which is beautifully situated on the slope of a hill overlooking the Clearfork. Grist and sawmills were erected in 1812 and came to full capacity in 1814. A tannery was erected where the B. & O. depot now stands and soon a log schoolhouse was built. In the spring of 1814 the tide of immigration to Troy Township set in. "Uncle Noah" Cook called the first prayer meeting in the township. He was the only one there, but he sang, prayed and read a sermon and passersby, hearing him, were so impressed that a large company attended the next service. He was the father of thirteen children. When he first settled in the township, there were six or eight Indian camps within site of his cabin, and others in the township. But they were peaceable and friendly. In 1816 Rev. George VanEman, a Presbyterian minister, came to the community and remained for a while. About a century ago the first meeting house there was erected. A brick schoolhouse succeeded the log one and one of the teachers there was the future statesman, Columbus Delano. Recent attendance records of the Lexington schools and the splendid work that is being accomplished recalls that this village from the early days was a center of culture. To it was removed some seventy-one years ago what had been the Monroe Seminary, started in Monroe Township some years before this, and was conducted by the Rev. Richard Gailey. For the Lexington Seminary a substantial brick building was erected. To this institution came students from a number of communities, including Mansfield and Wooster. The enrollment in 1867 was 126 and it is presumed that the attendance in other years was at least that many. After having been connected with this school for twenty-four years, first in Monroe Township and 520 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO then at Lexington, Rev. Richard Gailey died in 1875. His daughter, Miss Jane Gailey, continued the school for five years more. In 1880 she married Rev. Mr. Dysart and the school closed. There have been a number of changes in Troy Township. Originally it was a part of Jefferson. Then in 1814 it was erected into a separate township. Two years later part of it was cut off in the erection of Washington Township. It was cut further in 1823 and 1848, leaving it in its present form, "the Panhandle." In the southwest part of the township is Steam Corners, where in 1849 a steam sawmill was erected and continued for a number of years. At one time it had a postoffice, dry goods store, two blacksmith shops, several carpenter shops and a shoe shop. Achievements of farmers in the vicinity of Lexington have brought much favorable notice to this region. A. L. Lockhart, manager of the Cockley farm of 640 acres on state auto route 42, has won a number of honors. In 1927 he first achieved membership in Ohio's 400 Bushel Potato Club by raising 460 bushels to the acre, increasing that record yearly since then, the yield in 1930 being 538 bushels per acre, second highest in the state. For three years the Holstein herd has been the high herd of over fifteen cows every month. This herd is in charge of C. L. Robinson. Lockhart was one of four farm managers chosen in 1930 as Master Farmers. He is a graduate of Ohio State University, president of the Mansfield Milk Producers' Association, president of the potato section of the Ohio Vegetable Growers' Association, vice president of the Ohio Certified Seed Potato Association, besides being identified with community enterprises including church and fraternal order. In the summer of 1930, close to 1,500 farmers from all parts of the state came to this farm for Potato Field Day. At that time there were forty acres in potatoes. Another Richland County farmer, Wallace Campbell, manager of the Maxwalton farms, achieved the state record for potato production in 1930, 634 bushels to the acre, surpassing the record of 606 bushels per acre a few years ago by A. C. Ramseyer of Wayne County. Mr. Campbell received a medal and is president of Ohio's 400 Bushel Potato Club, succeeding Lockhart, who had the highest yield the previous year. W. E. Stough and Lee Twitchell of Richland County and Raemelton farms also received membership in the club in 1930. The heaviest ton litter of Chester White pigs in the HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 521 state in 1930 was raised by another Richland County farmer, K. P. Morgan. Other members of the state's Ton Litter Club are Ralph Gramley, Carl Darling, G. B. Ray and Donald Hunt, all of Richland County. This county at 1931 Farmers' Week at Ohio State University received a total of twelve awards for crop and live stock skill. The Lexington high school has a Future Farmers of America Club. There is much interest among the young people in vocational agriculture. Lexington's splendid new school building was dedicated Sunday, Dec. 7, 1930, the dedicatory address being delivered by Ohio's Governor Myers Y. Cooper. In 1894 a five-room brick building was erected, in 1897 the high school was organized, in 1922 the enrollment had so increased that three temporary buildings were erected, in 1929 citizens of Lexington and surrounding school district authorized a bond issue and the new building connected with the old one by a hallway was erected. The old building was remodeled into a modern structure. There are seventeen classrooms in the new building and six in the old ; there is an auditorium-gymnasium seating 750, library study hall and complete athletic equipment, also well equipped home economics department. Total enrollment at the close of 1930 was 514, 226 in high school and 288 in the grades. G. S. Wright is superintendent and the other teachers are J. W. Nicholls, Irving H. Bruno, Marjorie Lovering, Amy Morris, Mrs. Ruth Robbins, Mary Morgan, B. H. Carmean, Kenneth Baker, Hennetta Haas, Evelyn Simmons, Helen E. Irwin, Mrs. Gay Snyder, Eleanor Stevens, Ruby Wolf, Nina Paxton and Mary Baird. Village officials are : Mayor, J. H. Wiles ; clerk, David Ireland ; treasurer, Frank McCoy ; marshal, J. Kochheiser ; members of council, Frank Culp, Scott Garver, Tod Heyser, Morris Ritchie, Thad Kell and B. R. Parker. With the death on March 9, 1931, of William H. Cover, ninety, of Lexington, this village has only one surviving Civil War veteran, C. C. Castor. The village has a population of 614. Lexington churches are Congregational, Presbyterian and Christian. BUTLER, WORTHINGTON TOWNSHIP. On the B. & 0. R. R. and state route 97, five miles east of Bellville, is the village of Butler (population 634), in Worthington Town- 522 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO ship, which abounds in beautiful natural scenery, attracting increasing numbers of auto tourists. Andrew's Run empties into the Clear-fork at Butler and Gold Run joins the Clearfork a short distance below the village. On route 97 northwest of Butler is the famous Gatton's Rocks region and northeast of Butler, near Newville, is Hemlock Falls with its massive rocks over which the little stream falls. In this region, once the paradise of the red men, are numerous other picturesque rock formations around which center numerous legends. The township was erected in 1815. In 1809 Samuel Lewis settled within the present limits of the township and there were some other settlers shortly thereafter who are spoken of in another chapter. In 1812 Lewis erected a blockhouse on his farm. The early settlers, mostly from the legioner valley, Pennsylvania, came in the township over the old Wyandot trail following up the Mohican, the Black-fork and the Clearfork. The second mill erected in the county was on the site of Newville. There were a number of early day mills on the streams of this township, so rich in historic interest. It was not until December, 1823, that Frederick Herring laid out Newville on the Clearfork, near the mill he had erected some time before. Abraham Nye had the first hotel and about 1826 a log schoolhouse was erected in which a future statesman, Samuel J. Kirkwood, taught. Mention has previously been made of the pioneer physician and archaeologist, Dr. J. P. Henderson, who had such a wonderful collection of relics and antiques. South of Newville, in 1845, Noble Calhoun laid out the village of Winchester along the Clearfork, a few houses were erected, but it was soon vacated after Independence, now Butler, was laid out Jan. 12, 1848, by Daniel Spohn. It is said that the village was given the name Independence in a spirit of defiance to Bellville, which was considered unfriendly to the new community. Thomas B. Andrews was the first postmaster. One of the postmasters in more recent years was Allen E. Bell, prominent historical writer and now farm editor of the Mansfield News. Mention has previously been made of the Indian village of Helltown, near Newville, which antedated the Indian village of Greentown, established about 1782. In 1877 Independence was incorporated, the first mayor being J. M. McLaughlin. With the coming of the railroad the village increased in importance. Butler's oldest merchant is J. B. Pearce, a HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 523 native of the village and connected with the grocery business since his boyhood, his father before him conducting a store. A mile south of Butler, along the Clearfork, is the old Rummel mill, erected in 1849 and still operated in recent years. Butler's only surviving Civil War veteran is Elah Secrist, aged eighty-six. His brother-in-law, B. F. Oberlin, Civil War veteran, died last December at the age of eighty-six. Mrs. Mary Wodham Plank, whose husband for many years operated the Plank flour mill a mile north of Butler, celebrated her eighty-eighth birthday anniversary in January, 1931. When at the age of eight years she came with her parents and seven brothers and sisters in a sailing vessel to America, the voyage lasting many weeks. When she resided at Galena, Ill., at the time of the Civil War, she stayed one time with Mrs. U. S. Grant while the great commander and future President of the nation was away for war service. In later years she visited the Grant family. She was united in marriage in 1871 with Elam Plank, who had been a Civil War soldier. Having bought the flour mill north of Butler, he brought his bride to the new home near Butler. After his death, nearly twenty-one years ago, she removed to Butler. The mayor of Butler is Dora Wilson ; clerk, Earl Heininger ; treasurer, Henry Eisenbach; marshal, Claudus Matthews ; members of council, Floyd Beal, John Brooks, Harry James, W. B. Morrison, Ed. Neer and John Statler. A new auditorium for the Butler schools was dedicated Feb. 22, 1931, the dedicatory address being delivered by Prof. Charles West of Denison College, Congressman-elect from the seventeenth congressional district. The auditorium is 60 by 66 feet, has a seating capacity of 500 and a stage 28 feet long and 15 feet deep. Superintendent of the Butler school is John E. Paynter ; high school principal, Miss Lenore Mills. The total enrollment in the schools is 235, 105 being enrolled in the high school and 130 in the grades. Other teachers in addition to superintendent and principal are Lucy Hanna, Cornelia Otto, F. L. Beal, Sylvia Leedy, Mabel Yarmon and Nelda Easterbrook. Teachers in Worthington Township rural schools are : Pleasant Hill, Irene Rose ; Newville, Wayne Werkman ; Oak Hall, Delbert Smith ; Center Hall, Walter McAuley ; White Hall, Mildred Hoyer ; Pleasant View, Althea Wilson ; Bellevue, Margaret White ; Pleasant Valley, Carrie Crone. 524 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO Butler business men in February, 1931, organized a Chamber of Commerce, W. F. Bone being elected president; Ira George, vice president ; Harley Ward, secretary ; and A. Hitchman, treasurer. Butler churches include Methodist and Evangelical. LUCAS, MONROE TOWNSHIP. Villages of Monroe Township, southeast of Mansfield, are Lucas and Hastings. The first cabin in the township was built near the site of Lucas by David Hill in 1809, eight years before the township was organized from the north half of Worthington. In the eastern part of the township the Rockyfork and Clearfork unite. In the southern part of the township is a romantic ledge of rocks called Pipe's Cliff, named after the old Indian chief. One rock in this vicinity has been called "Onalaska's Tower," a tradition declaring that Pipe's sister was slain there by soldiers. A number of families came into the township between 1811 and 1818. About 1820 Rev. Michael Schuh of Mt. Zion Church started a seminary of considerable education influence. The first road through the township was cut in 1812 when General Crooks and his troops were on their way to Mansfield. A clearing was made on the site of Lucas and the army camped there. Lucas was laid out in 1826 by John Tucker, the village being named for Governor Lucas. The Monroe House at the intersection of two roads in the village was the pioneer tavern. The Mt. Zion log church was erected in 1818 ; St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in 1838 and the Pleasant Valley Lutheran Church in 1863. Solomon Gladden, who came to the township in 1817 to locate, commanded a rifle company during the War of 1812. He was a justice of the peace for many years and served in the Legislature. The population of Lucas is 369. S. H. Leiter is mayor and Emma Chamberlain, clerk. C. W. Handley is superintendent of the Lucas schools and there are seven other teachers, also two rural schools, Hopewell and Hazel Dell. SHILOH, CASS TOWNSHIP. An early settlement in Cass Township in the north part of Richland County was Planktown. John Long and John McCart were the first settlers in the township at the headwaters of the Blackfork. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 525 From 1816 to 1825 a number of families settled near the site of the village of Shiloh, which drew from Planktown after the C. C. C. & I. R. R. was built through the town in 1850, a year after Cass Township was erected. C. D. Nelson is mayor of Shiloh (population 514) and W. W. Pittinger is clerk. Paul H. Weaver is superintendent of schools and there are ten other teachers. There is also the London rural school. OTHER VILLAGES. Ganges, Rome and Shenandoah are villages of Blooming Grove Township, which was organized in 1816. The first road through the township was cut by General Beall's army in 1812. Ganges once aspired to be county seat, but declined after the Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark R. R. was built. Rome was laid out in 1832 and Shenandoah in 1844. Teachers of the township are Margaret Harnley, Betty Kinsel, Mrs. Salome Oswalt, Charles Laser, Mary Downend and Dorothy Heifner. Otis Tucker teaches the Adario school and other Butler Township teachers are Golda Kelley, Lester Fair, Loumintha Stottsbury, C. 0. Rutherford, Chas. Kirkwood, Kathryn Van Horn. Franklin Township, erected in 1816, has the hamlet of Amoy. Jackson Township, taken from Sharon, was organized in 1847. Madison Township in 1807 included all the territory now in Richland County and much more. The city of Mansfield is in this township. F. Leroy Black is superintendent of Madison High School. Other schools include Yankeetown, Raemelton, Hickory Hall, Maple Grove, Terman, Beer, Woodville, Lincoln Heights, East Mansfield, Bridgeport and Center Hall. In Mifflin Township is old Windsor and near by is Flemmings Falls, now Boy Scout camp. Township schools besides Windsor include Buena Vista, Center Hall, Forest Hall and St. James. Perry Township schools are Sycamore Valley, Huntsman, Culp, Clay Hill and Rineharts. In this township is the village of Darlington. Col. Crawford and his men in 1782 are the first white men known to have been in what is now Sandusky Township, but not until 1817 did any permanent white settlers come, the first being Christian Snyder and Jacob Fisher. Rural school of the township is Beech Grove. 526 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO L. C. Stingel is superintendent of the Springfield Township schools at Ontario and there are twelve other teachers. Washington Township schools include Union Hall, Washington, White Hall, Pleasant Hall and Chestnut Chapel. Pearl Danback is principal of Weller Township high school and there are two other teachers. Miss Lonell Swineford teaches the Olivesburg school, Morris Zehner at Pavonia and there are three other rural schools. CHAPTER XXXVIII. WOOSTER, WAYNE COUNTY TOWNS. OHIO'S WEALTHIEST AGRICULTURAL CENTER-MASTER FARMERS, REMARKABLE ATTENDANCE AT INSTITUTES-FOUR-H CLUB ACHIEVEMENTS-STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION-APPLE CREEK INSTITUTION FOR FEEBLE-MINDED-WOOSTER AND ITS INSTITUTIONS-WOOSTER COLLEGE - MANUFACTURING PLANTS- DISTINGUISHED PEOPLE - ORRVILLE, SMITHVILLE AND OTHER TOWNS. Wayne County, of which the city of Wooster is county seat, is declared by agricultural writers to be Ohio's wealthiest agricultural center and the third richest in the entire nation, being exceeded only by Los Angeles County, Cal., and Lancaster County, Pa. Figures compiled in June, 1930, showed that Wayne County's gross income from its farms totaled about ten million dollars yearly, of which $1,250,000 was in poultry products. There were twenty-four hatcheries in the county with a capacity of half a million eggs. Fifty thousand acres of wheat were raised ; forty thousand acres of corn ; thirty thousand acres of oats and sixty thousand acres of hay. Over ninety per cent of the land area of Wayne was in farms, more than two-thirds of which were operated by their owners. Fourteen of the sixteen townships of the county showed population increase in 1930 over 1920. Of the sixty-six Master Farmers of Ohio chosen in the past five years ten were from North Central Ohio and five of the ten were from the county of Wayne. In 1930 when each township of the county had a Farmers' Institute with five sessions each, the attendance totaled nearly 20,000. L. L. Rummell, Ohio agricultural writer, says that this county has had greater attendance at Farmers' Institutes than any other county in the state. In these institutes the young people of the 4-H Clubs are taking an increasingly important part. Of the 1,004 country boys and girls enrolled in 4-H Clubs - 527 - 528 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO during 1930, 902 finished their projects and made exhibits at the county fair. This is the second largest enrollment in the state. A school dress made by a Saltcreek Township girl, Matilda Meier, after winning first prize at the Wayne County Fair, in 1930, won first prize at the State Fair in competition with more than 25,000 other frocks made by 4-H Clothing Club girls in the Buckeye State, after which it competed in the National 4-H Club Congress in Chicago. Wayne County's representative in the General Assembly, D. W. Galehouse, Master Farmer of Marshallville, is president of the Wayne County Farm Bureau. But Wayne County has a number of other distinctions. It has a history going back 135 years, when the original Wayne County, as proclaimed by Governor St. Clair of the Northwest Territory, embraced territory including about a third of the present State of Ohio, an eighth of Indiana, a portion of Illinois including the site of the city of Chicago, the whole of Michigan including Lake Michigan, half of Lakes Superior, Huron and St. Clair, a fifth of Wisconsin and the northwest part of Lake Erie. How it was reduced to its present area of 557 square miles is given elsewhere, and further in this chapter mention is made of some of the distinguished Wayne County people of the past. But Wayne County is also achieving in the living present. The city of Wooster, which grew from 8,204 in 1920 to 10,742 in 1930, is growing industrially besides being the seat of the famous Wooster College and of the State Agricultural Experiment Station, both of which institutions have steadily increased their influence, expanding to afford facilities for enlarged service. At Apple Creek, five miles southeast of Wooster, there was opened early in 1931 the new institution for the feeble-minded. The first buildings on the farm of about 2,000 acres have been completed and in March forty-six patients from the State Hospital at Massillon were received. More than twelve years ago the establishment of this institution was first contemplated. The first site selected, near Grafton, Lorain County, proved unsuitable and after many delays the Apple Creek site was chosen and finally after more delay construction went forward and the first buildings completed. Dr. L. W. Yule, for a number of years assistant superintendent of the Cleveland State Hospital and before that a member of the staff of the Massillon State Hospital, is the superintendent. Wooster is on the main line of the Pennsylvania R. R. and a HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 529 branch of the B. & 0. Until the line ceased operations at the end of January, 1931, the Cleveland & Southwestern Electric R. R. served Wooster. Wooster is on a number of auto routes, including U. S. route 250, state route 3 (CCC Highway), the Lincoln and Harding highways. A number of auto bus lines operate through Wooster. The founding of Wooster 123 years ago by Joseph Larwill, John Bever and William Henry, the latter an ancestor of the present Mistress of the White House ; the establishment of this settlement in 1811 as the seat of justice of Wayne County ; the building of Fort Stidger at the time of the War of 1812 ; the expeditions through Wooster for the protection of the frontier settlers and reinforcement to General Harrison at Fort Meigs during this conflict; the first school in Wooster at the blockhouse, taught by a young lawyer who had just graduated from Yale College ; the establishment of the first store by William Larwill ; the erection of the first brick home at the northeast corner of the square ; the beginnings of church organizations in the village ; the growth of the town ; the early industries ; the coming of the Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne, Chicago R. R. ; all these and many other interesting facts of the early history of Wooster have been told in other chapters. In this third decade of the twentieth century the city of Wooster has attracted atttention and commendation for its enviable trade situation, the way the independent merchants are holding the trade of Wooster and a very large area of trade territory in competition with chain stores, which in so many cities and towns have been such a problem to local dealers ; the enormous building and loan business that has been built up in recent decades. A Cleveland economist, John W. Love, devotes some recent articles to the methods which have been so successful that Wooster's trade tops every other in thirty Ohio cities of 10,000 to 50,000 population, distribution census figures showing that Wooster, with a population of 10,742 (1930), did more business in 1929 than any other community under 19,000. He mentions that Wooster is twenty miles from the nearest large town, that it is on some important auto routes, that it is still the eastern projection of the wheat belt, that its silt loam is easily worked, and early, that three stores in Wooster, to which he gives some space, are larger than any similar group in cities of the 10,000 class, he believes. Wooster's retail trade of $10,439,00 is $3,500,000 larger 530 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO than the average for cities of its type. Explaining the volume of business of these three stores, he mentions that in addition to the breadth of trade territory and the ability of these stores to buy through syndicates like stores in the larger cities and the reputation built up during the years, these proprietors stick close to business. Two hundred fifty employes of the State Agricultural Experiment Station live in Wooster and vicinity, the director of the station, Carlos G. Williams, is the new president of the Commercial Banking & Trust Co., succeeding in that position Wesley H. Zaugg, former treasurer of Wayne County and former postmaster of Wooster, who died very suddenly in January, 1931; Wooster College, with a faculty of seventy-five, has 900 students ; and the manufacturing industries of the city are well balanced. Speaking of the dominance of independent merchants in Wooster, it is mentioned that in 1929 national chain stores did only 6% of the business, Miss Harriet Shields, Business Men's Association secretary, says that the independent merchants and the chain store men have amicable relations, there being a cordial co-operation of all in the movements for community service and advancement. Service clubs in Wooster include Rotary, Kiwanis, and Lions. Mrs. Walter J. Buss is president of the Wooster Business and Professional Women's Club. Andrew L. Fabens is secretary of the Wooster Board of Trade and there is a flourishing auto club. There are in Wooster 203 retail stores with a yearly payroll of $991,215 and with full time employment of 686 men and women, according to U. S. Census Department figures published in March, 1931. There are 184 single-store independents, four units of two-store multiples, six units of local chains, two units of sectional chains and five units of national chains. The automotive group, with thirty-seven establishments, does a business of $2,973,464, or 28% of the total retail business. There are twelve motor vehicle establishments, seven accessory tire and battery stores, eleven filling stations, and gas, oil, tires and other accessories are also sold in five garages. Of the fifty-two food stores, thirty-four are grocery stores, seven are meat markets, in twelve of the grocery stores fresh meat departments are operated and several of the meat markets have groceries as a side line. There are eleven stores in the general merchandise group employing the full time services of 125 men and women. There are nineteen restaurants and other eating places in Wooster, HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 531 the lumber and building group have fifteen stores and yards with eighty-two full time employes. Statistics are also given of drug stores, furniture stores, feed stores, hotels, and all the other lines of business enterprise. Wooster's daily newspaper is the Record. Sketch of Wooster papers is given in another chapter. CITY AND COUNTY OFFICIALS. Jesse W. Ebert is mayor of Wooster and the other city officials are : City clerk and clerk of council, Chas. N. Holmes ; president of council, Orie D. Blough; members of council, C. J. King, A. E. Taylor, Jos. F. Kistler, Frank Glasgow, Floyd Shambaugh, C. 0. Williamson and Harry S. Elliott; auditor, Chas. N. Holmes ; treasurer, W. J. Bertolette; solicitor, Dean H. Weimer ; director of public service and public safety, H. U. Mowery ; chief of fire department, Herbert Young; chief of police, Henry Leiner ; city engineer, Arthur Wedge; clerk, water department, Gladys Marshall ; board of education, Chas. Correll, Mrs. Dr. Patterson and John McSweeney; clerk, board of education, Roy W. Miller ; board of health, Mrs. Rose Critchfield, Joseph Herple, Dr. Harry Reiman, Dr. E. W. Douglas, Dr. L. A. Yocum ; health commissioner, Dr. W. G. Rhoten; health nurse, Miss Carrie Crites. Mayors of Wooster beginning in 1869 have been: 1869, Chas. S. Frost; 1871, Chas. C. Plumer ; 1873, James Henry; 1875, Owen A. Wilhelm, 1877-1879, H. B. Swartz ; 1881-1885, Dennis W. Kimber ; 1885, Lemuel Jeffries ; 1887-1893, James R. Woodworth ; 1893-1899, Lemuel Jeffries ; 1899-1905, Robert J. Smith ; 1905-1911, M. M. Van Nest; 1909-1911, W. E. Feeman ; 1911-1913, F. M. Van Over ; 19131917, Forbes Alcock ; 1919-1921, George A. Fisher ; 1921-1925, M. R. Limb ; 1925-1927, W. H. Black ; 1927-1929, E. K. Geiselman, died Aug. 22, 1928 ; Clyde Miller finished the term of eight months ; 1929—, Jesse W. Ebert. Wooster's beautiful federal building was completed in 1914 and dedicated by Given Post, Grand Army of the Republic. The present postmaster is H. L. McClarran. Prof. George C. Maurer has been superintendent of the Wooster schools for the past nineteen years. In 1924 a new high school building, costing $700,000, was finished. Statistics of the Wooster schools are given elsewhere in this history. The city has its own water works and is in a region of natural 532 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO gas development. It has been well said that Wooster citizens are progressive and prosperous and though a college town of importance, is also developing steadily along the lines of manufacture. Some of the substantial industries have grown with the town. One of the growing industries is the Toycraft Co., the products of which delight the heart of childhood. Other products of Wooster plants include brushes, aluminum ware, brass and steel articles, paving brick, aprons, overalls, ladders and many other articles. There is also a preserving plant. Here are sketches of two representative Wooster plants : WOOSTER BRUSH COMPANY. In 1851 the market for paint brushes in Ohio was decidedly limited. The natives of the Buckeye State had never heard of a "Save the Surface" campaign, and the fact that a surface saved was protection to all that lay underneath it was as yet an unborn idea of the distant future. In those ante-bellum days paint was everywhere conspicuous for its rarity. Fences, such as a struggling young Illinois farmer by the name of Lincoln had but a few years before been hewing out of cedar logs, were never painted. Barns, outhouses and the homes of the poor disintegrated rapidly under the blistering summer sun and the disrupting cold of winter for lack of a protective covering. Only on public buildings, the homes of the wealthy and the infrequent railway station, was paint used to any extent. In the little village of Wooster, a young Ohio boy saw, in the general neglect of outward appearances, an opportunity which others, less practical and, paradoxically, less visionary, failed to grasp. A higher standard of living was manifesting itself in 1851, even in such "western" towns as Wooster, and Adam Foss, staking his all on an idea, started making paint brushes—brushes a little better than the crude, makeshift articles then in common use. Those early forerunners of the present Wooster Brush were very crude affairs indeed as judged by the modern Wooster Shasta, or Wooster Foss-Set, but they were very much better than any brush ever before seen in Wooster—or in the State of Ohio, for that matter. Adam Foss' little business grew, slowly at first and then more rapidly as, by word of mouth, the excellence of his brushes was passed around the community. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 533 Only the best of the rough materials available in those days were used by young Foss in the manufacture of his brushes. The handles were hand made and the bristles home grown. What he lacked in material Adam Foss more than made up in ability and imagination and soon he was buying better materials for his brushes from such distant points as Cincinnati and from that growing young city on Lake Erie, Cleveland. And the years slowly passed. The Civil War came and went and Adam Foss, though he did his quota toward the preservation of the Union, still managed to keep his little business going through all the long war years. The war ended, Adam Foss now wandered far afield for materials and ideas which would increase the excellence of his brushes and the reputation of his now flourishing concern. A chronological story of the improvement in the manufacture of Wooster Brushes would but be the story of good paint brushes in general except that, where others followed, Adam Foss led. Nevertheless, to show to what extent the present excellence of good paint brushes is due to Wooster ideas and developments, it is necessary to touch upon a few of the features inaugurated by Adam Foss and his descendants. The Wooster Brush Company was the first to do away with the ferrule-and-bar method of making brushes, thus increasing the bristle capacity of Wooster Brushes two fold. Other manufacturers were forced to follow suit. Wooster inaugurated the use of imported Chinese bristles which, by their length and general excellence, made painting, for the first time, a pleasure and not a work of labor. Wooster developed, successively, the stepped-butt method of securing the bristles, thus giving a natural "Chisel edge" to the brush without cutting off the valuable "Flag" ends of the bristles ; the "sweged" steel ferrule for greater compression ; the solid center stucco brush ; concave center for scientifically applying wall paints and finally, the Foss-Set, whose bristles, held permanently in an indestructible setting, cannot come out and can be used in applying lacquer and other paints whose solvents are so destructive to the ordinary brush setting. Mention might be made of the Wooster "Shasta," America's most popular and most imitated brush ; the "Ohio" and "Rist-Ez." The spirit of the founder of the business passed on to succeeding generations. His successors have carried on the ideals and aims of the business until, from a concern which was scarcely known outside 534 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO of the State of Ohio, the Wooster name is recognized and respected by painters everywhere. The third generation of the Foss family is now making Wooster Brushes. Still located in the town of its birth, the business has increased a thousandfold since 1851. Where, in the early days of the business, a dozen brushes were sent to such far away places as Dayton and Columbus, now brushes by the carload are daily despatched to all parts of the United States. Nationwide advertising blazons the name of Wooster from store windows, magazines, newspapers, etc. The Wooster Brush Company through its dealer helps sales promotion, works hand in hand with dealers everywhere. And yet, behind this highest product of the brushmaker's art, and responsible in large measure for its success and popularity is the simple old slogan initiated by Adam Foss, three quarters of a century ago : "One Idea—Better Brushes." BUCKEYE ALUMINUM COMPANY. The Buckeye Aluminum Company, of Wooster, like many industries in this section of Ohio, had its origin or at least the spirit of its beginning in New England. It so happens that this company, which is one of the oldest in its line, originated as the Bay State Aluminum Company at Quincy, Mass. The old Bay State Company was moved to Ohio, and the Buckeye Aluminum Company was incorporated in 1902 under the laws of Ohio, the same being located at Doylestown, Ohio, near Wooster. The company was then moved to its present location in 1911 and operations were put under way early in 1912. In the early days cooking utensils were made by hand, but slowly this was replaced and by the time the company was entrenched on its present site, quantity production methods were installed, replacing the old basis of operation. In its business of making alumium cooking utensils the company manufactures and markets Aluminex, a higher class product, and the Buckeye line, which is popular-priced. For both its merchandising calls attention to the fact that aluminum cooking utensils are better conductors of heat and therefore are superior for cooking because of the uniform flow of heat ; also there is the claim of economy through less fuel being used to cook. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 535 Progress in cooking utensils has been distinct, passing from the days of iron containers, to copper, to tin and to enamel and aluminum. But the claim made for aluminum by those responsible for the management of Buckeye is made only for the best grades of utensils, those which bear the name of the manufacturer. During the war the Buckeye Aluminum Company was called upon by the government to manufacture canteens and cups, which it did in large quantities. But after the war it was able to get back firmly onto a commercial basis, serving its old customers intensively. Its officers are : J. G. Hoffman, Third, of Wheeling, W. Va., president ; W. R. Curry, Wooster, vice president; R. S. Blake, Wooster, secretary and treasurer. Other directors are W. L. Gilleland, Wheeling, W. Va. ; J. L. Ellis, of Wheeling, W. Va. ; Charles Curry, Wooster, and A. R. Horr, Cleveland. COURTS OF THE COUNTY AND OFFICIALS. On Aug. 6, 1812, with Judge Benjamin Ruggles as president judge, and Christian Smith, David Kimpton and John Cisna as associate judges, the first session of the Wayne County Common Pleas Court was held. The prosecutor was Roswell M. Mason ; the court granted to Josiah Crawford, Ben Miller, and William Nailer licenses to keep public houses and Thomas G. Jones & Co. were licensed to sell foreign merchandise in Wooster. The first county officers were: Sheriff, Josiah Crawford ; county clerk and recorder, William Larwill ; treasurer, William Smith ; surveyor, Joseph H. Larwill ; prosecuting attorney, Roswell M. Mason ; county commissioners, James Morgan, John Carr and Jacob Foulkes ; county auditor (1820-22), Cyrus Spink. The first infirmary directors were Casper T. Richey, John Brinkerhoff and Thomas McKee. After the adoption of the constitution of 1851, Samuel L. Lorah, who had previously been county clerk, became the first probate judge of the county. An old log shanty on Fin Weed's livery stable grounds was the place of holding the first court. Later it was held at Josiah Crawford's house and afterwards at the Baptist Church. The first courthouse, a three-story brick building, with gallery, was started in 1819 by Larwill, Bever and Henry, on the present courthouse site. In January, 1823, a bell donated by John Bever was installed. This courthouse was burned in 1828 and the second courthouse was 536 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO finished in 1832 at a cost of $7,200. At the time it was erected it was said to have been the handsomest temple of justice in the state. County annals say that from the cupola was a fine view. On the spire were two balls, one of twenty-four gallons and three quarts capacity and the other of one and one-half gallons capacity. The second courthouse was condemned in 1877 and the present courthouse was erected in 1878 at a cost of $75,000. In 1852 a county infirmary building was erected two miles east of Wooster. The first superintendent was Cyrus Segner and the first physician, Dr. S. Risley. Later a new three-story infirmary building was erected. The first jail was constructed chiefly of timbers from Fort Stidger. A stone jail, built in 1839, was destroyed in 1863 and the third jail of brick, stone and iron, was erected on North Walnut and North streets prior to 1878. The present county officers are : Probate judge, U. S. Saunders ; clerk of courts, John H. Ferguson; sheriff, Clark Shearer; auditor, John C. Bartell ; county commissioners, Parvin F. Swinhart, 0. V. Gardner, W. F. Johnson ; treasurer, Daniel S. Yoder ; recorder, Otto S. Lehman ; surveyor, 0. F. Leapley; prosecuting attorney, Marion F. Graven ; coroner, J. B. Patterson ; county representative, D. W. Gala-house, of Marshallville. WOOSTER COLLEGE. In the north part of the city of Wooster is an educational institution which has had a remarkable history. It has splendid buildings with a campus of 100 acres or more. The buildings are large, beautiful of architecture and splendidly equipped. Among them are Kauke Hall, Memorial Chapel, Severence Science Hall, Scovel Hall, Holden Hall, Hoover Cottage, Kenarden Lodge, Douglass Hall, Severence Gymnasium and athletic field, an astronomical observatory, a new hospital building, opened a couple of years ago; and a very complete power plant. A project for 1931 is the construction of the new administration building, 108 by 48 feet, two stories high, of Gothic architecture and fireproof throughout. It will be constructed of white Kittanning brick and trimmed with Indiana limestone, the same materials used for Hygeia Hall, the college hospital, and Douglass Hall, the dormitory for Freshmen men. It will face on North Bever Street. The erection of this building is a part of Wooster's HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 537 fifty-year building program. The college architect is D. Everett Waid of New York City, who designed Douglass Hall. The institution has an endowment of $2,922,411 and seventy-five instructors. Nine hundred students are enrolled, of whom 592 are from Ohio, 146 from Pennsylvania, 40 from New York State, and 24 other states of the nation are represented. Most of the thirty students from foreign countries are the children of missionaries now in the foreign field. There are thirteen from China, two from Siam, two from Czechoslovakia, four from India, two from the Philippines, two from Korea, two from Mexico, two from Porto Rico and one from Canada. The college of Wooster was chartered in 1866, after a great many years of agitation and effort, the earliest action looking toward the founding of the college being taken in 1847 by the Presbyterian Synod of Ohio, a committee being appointed to study the proposition and report. In 1866 the Synods of Ohio, Sandusky and Cincinnati united in action to found what was first called the University of Wooster. The charter was dated December 18 of that year. In 1870 the then existing synods of both the old and new schools were consolidated into the four synods of Cincinnati, Columbus, Cleveland and Toledo. A Wooster man, Ephraim Quinby, Jr., gave the site with its majestic oak forest and citizens of the county raised over $100,000 toward the establishment of the school. Mr. Quinby, in addition to his gift of land, donated about $30,000 more as did also Capt. J. H. Kauke toward the "promotion of sound learning and education under religious influences." On June 30, 1868, the cornerstone was laid and on Sept. 7, 1870, the institution was formally opened and dedicated, addresses on the occasion being delivered by United States Senator John Sherman, of Mansfield, and the Rev. Dr. John Robinson, of Ashland, one of the original trustees. Other members of the board of trustees were the Rev. Dr. W. R. Marshall, Rev. H. M. Herby, Rev. J. H. Pratt, Dr. H. A. True, J. H. Kauke, David Robinson, Jr., Ephriam Quinby, Jr., John McClellan, R. B. Stibbs, Dr. Leander Firestone, Rev. J. A. Reed, Rev. J. B. Stewart, Rev. W. W. Colmery, Rev. H. W. Taylor, Lucas Flattery, Rev. J. M. Cross, Rev. E. B. Raffensperger and Dr. Edward Taylor. The Rev. Willis Lord was installed as president. The day after his installation the institution opened for instruction. The first faculty besides President Lord consisted of Dr. O. N. Stod- 538 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO dard, Rev. W. H. Jeffers, Rev. A. T. Fullerton, S. J. Kirkwood, R. C. Dalzell, Dr. Leander Firestone. During the first year there were sixty-one students and in 1871 a class of six was graduated. A medical department was opened in Cleveland in October, 1870, and continued until 1896. It is stated that in 1870, the seventh year of its existence, the University of Wooster graduated from its collegiate department the largest number of classical alumni in the state. A preparatory department was opened in 1872, a musical department, 1882 ; summer school, 1895 ; Bible and missionary training school, 1903 ; and commercial department in 1904. The summer school was discontinued in recent years. On Dec. 11, 1901—thirty years ago—the original main building was burned, but in exactly one year from the day of the great calamity, five new buildings had been completed, over $400,000 having been raised. The Memorial Chapel was dedicated March 5, 1902, the library was completed in November, 1906 ; Holden Hall was opened in the fall of 1907; Kenarden Lodge, dormitory for young men, was completed at the beginning of September, 1911; the L. H. Severence Gymnasium, April 1, 1912 ; and Severence Athletic Field was dedicated May 22, 1915. In 1873 Rev. Dr. A. A. E. Taylor succeeded Dr. Lord as president of the institution ; Rev. Dr. Sylvester F. Scovel served from 1883 to 1899; Rev. Dr. Louis E. Holden from 1899 to 1915; and Dr. J. Campbell White from 1915 to 1919, being succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Charles F. Wishart, who was born at Ontario, Richland County, and in his boyhood lived at Hayesville, Ashland County, where his father preached. Dr. Wishart was formerly moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. Dr. Jonas 0. Notestein, noted Latin scholar, who died at Wooster June 15, 1928, at the age of seventy-nine years, was a member of the Wooster College faculty for fifty-five years. When, in 1923, there was celebrated his completion of fifty years as a teacher in the institution, it was stated that fully two-thirds of the more than 4,000 alumni of the institution had studied Latin under him. He began his teaching career in 1873 following his graduation from Wooster College. Dr. Elias Compton, retired in 1928, after forty-five years of teaching in the institution. In the 1930 edition of Who's Who in America, are the names of 174 people who at one time were connected with Wooster College. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 539 The majority are graduates or professors in the institution, eighty are alumni, twenty-six former students, twenty-three graduate department members, and forty-five are holders of honorary degrees. Dr. Arthur Compton, world renowned scientist, who won the Nobel prize in physics in 1927, and is now professor of physics in the University of Chicago, is a graduate of Wooster College. One of the many Wooster alumni in missionary work in foreign lands is John L. Goheen, principal of the Sangli Industrial and Agricultural School of the Presbyterian Western Indian Mission. He has introduced modern agricultural methods into that section of India and recently was appointed an advisor of the native state of Ichalkaranji, Western India. The oldest living graduates of Wooster College found in search in January, 1931, were J. E. Kuhn, class of 1871, Pittsburgh ; Eugene P. Semple, of Poland, and Daniel Butterfield, both of the class of 1873. The May queen chosen for the twenty-seventh annual Color Day at the college May 16, 1931, is Miss Carolyn Gustafson, of Lakewood, a member of the Student Senate. She is to be crowned by Miss Eleanor Craft, of Waynesburg, Pa., preceding the pageant written by Miss Polly Post, of Wooster. Dr. John B. Kelso, professor of art at the College of Wooster. is to conduct this summer his twenty-eighth European tour and will lecture in more than a score of European art galleries. CHURCHES OF WOOSTER. Churches of Wooster have many splendid edifices. The religious societies include First Presbyterian, English Reformed, St. James' Protestant Episcopal, Zion Lutheran, Christ Evangelical, First Methodist, Church of Christ, Second Baptist, United Presbyterian, Bethany Baptist, First Church of God, Westminster Presbyterian, Church of the Nazarene, Immaculate Conception (Catholic), Church of the Foursquare Gospel and Christian Science. Wooster has two hospitals, the Kinney & Smith Hospital and the Wooster City Hospital, it has a park of more than forty acres, a country club, a very active Board of Trade, over forty miles of paved streets, forty-four miles of sewers, splendid banks and building and loan association. One writer states that the building and loan associa- 540 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO tions in Wooster have around $35,000,000 in assets and the Wooster banks about $5,000,000. THE KINNEY & SMITH HOSPITAL. The Kinney and Knestrick Hospital Company was founded by Dr. John J. Kinney and his wife, Mrs. Annabell Kinney, in 1903, at 320 West Liberty Street, Wooster. Dr. John J. Kinney, chief surgeon, and Mrs. Annabell Kinney, superintendent. Much credit is given to the efficient work in conducting the management of the hospital the first fifteen years on account of deficient accommodation and lack of space. The hospital, in 1905, moved to 248 East Liberty Street. Dr. Knestrick in 1911 became a partner and the name was changed to the Kinney and Knestrick Hospital. In 1914, Miss Florence Hanna Holmes, an English lady and a native of Wentenbery, Durham, England, a graduate and a registered nurse, took charge of the work, acted in the capacity of assistant superintendent, chief nurse and instructor. She founded the Kinney and Knestrick Training School for Nurses which is still functioning. During 1916, the new hospital was erected, located at 125 South Bever Street. In this same year the hospital was reorganized and incorporated with the following stockholders : Dr. John J. Kinney, Mrs. Annabell Kinney, Dr. A. C. Knestrick, Dr. R. C. Paul and Dr. A. C. Smith. After Miss Holmes resigned, Miss Isabel Flewelling, of Ontario, Canada, a graduate of Ann Arbor, Mich., took charge as assistant superintendent, chief nurse and instructor in training school. After Miss Flewelling resigned in 1922, Mary C. Zarlingo, a graduate nurse of Battle Creek Sanatorium and a member of the American Hospital Association, took charge as assistant superintendent, chief nurse and instructor in training school. In 1924, there was a reorganization of the institution as the Kinney & Smith Hospital Company with the following members : Dr. John J. Kinney, Mrs. Annabell Kinney, Dr. A. C. Smith, Dr. R. C. Paul, Dr. L. A. Adair, Dr. G. C. Essick, Dr. F. C. Ganyard, Dr. N. C. Mayer, Dr. S. C. Boor, Dr. Eva Cutright, and Mary C. Zarlingo. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 541 OHIO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Picturesquely situated on high land overlooking the city of Wooster is the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, which, in 1892, was removed from Columbus where it was established in 1882, the fifth institution of its kind to be established in the United States. Here are hundreds of acres of land on which scientific experiments are conducted under the direction of experts in a way that is of practical and of inestimable value to the farmers of Ohio. Its work has raised the standard of the agriculture industry and constantly leads the way in inspiring greater efficiency in agricultural operations. To its Field Days each summer, come many thousands of people from the rural districts of Ohio and obtain new ideas which are of great value to them. As some one has said : "To a greater extent than most states, Ohio has equipped her experiment station to cope with all the perplexing problems of grain farming, live stock production, dairying, orcharding, gardening and reclamation of waste lands through reforestation." Here are conducted feeding experiments and through publicity, practical suggestions are made to the end that flocks and herds may be raised more profitably. In the soil fertility plots is demonstrated what the soil needs in the way of drainage, lime, manure, fertilizers. Other plots demonstrate what varieties of the different crops are best suited to particular uses. There are splendid buildings on the experiment farm, the vine-covered administration building dating from 1894. Recognizing the need of additional land upon which to carry forward expansion of the station's research work, the state board of control in 1929 appropriated thirty-two thousand dollars for the purchase of 156 acres. The director of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station from 1887 to 1921 was Charles Embree Thorne, still living at Wooster. During Farmers Week at Ohio State University in 1928, Mr. Thorne was signally honored at a meeting in Pomerene Hall, Dr. George W. Rightmire, president of the university, presiding. Mr. Thorne was eulogized as : "Pioneer and leader in field experiments, as one who has enjoyed the uninterrupted confidence of Ohio farmers and the respect and admiration of fellow scientists throughout the nation. Steadfast, undaunted, you met and conquered trials that beset develop- 542 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO ment of research in Ohio agriculture. The Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station stands today a monument to your ideals ; to your intelligent devotion to experimental science ; to your leadership in the progress of Ohio agriculture ; to your loyalty to farms and farmers of Ohio. In recognition of your distinguished services and the high place you have continued to hold in the esteem and affection of all who have been privileged to know you, the faculty of the College of Agriculture and the farmers of Ohio assembled in the sixteenth annual Farmers Week at Ohio State University, extend hearty congratulations and present this tribute," said the speaker in closing. Mr. Thorne says that one of his earliest recollections was of his father leading a company of men who were reaping a field of tangled wheat with a sickle. This was within a year or two of the middle of the nineteenth century. The cradle had come into general use in harvesting standing grain but when wheat was badly lodged, a resort had to be taken to the primitive instrument with which wheat had been harvested since the earliest dawn of history. By the middle of the 50s the cradle had been forever driven from the field except as help around stumps which then and for some time later were characteristic of so many Ohio farms. He says that the advent of the reaper, mower, and thrasher was to agriculture what the invention of printing was to literature and that of the steam engine to commerce. It marked the separation between the reign of brawn and that of brain on the farm. Ohio's first century of agriculture, he says, was largely one of mechanical development ; agriculture of this century is one of intellectual progress. The present director of the Wooster Experiment Station is Carlos G. Williams, who succeeded Mr. Thorne. The chiefs of the various departments, each of whom has a force of assistants, are as follows : Agronomy, Robert M. Salter ; Animal Industry, Paul Gerlaugh; Botany and Plant Pathology, H. C. Young ; Dairy Industry, C. C. Hayden; Economics (rural), J. I. Falconer, Columbus ; Agricultural Engineering, G. W. McCuen, Columbus ; Entomology, J. S. Houser ; Home Economics, Faith R. Lanman, Columbus ; Forestry, Edmund Secrest, State Forester and associate director of station ; Horticulture, J. H. Gourley. District and county experiment farms under the supervision of the experiment station include the following : Trumbull County Experiment Farm, Courtland ; Belmont County Experiment Farm, St. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 543 Clairsville; Southeastern test and Washington County farms; Paulding County Experiment Farm; Madison and Miami County Experiment Farms ; Mahoning County Experiment Farm, Canfield ; Southwestern Test Farm, Germantown ; Clermont and Hamilton County Experiment Farms ; Northeastern Test Farm, Strongsville. Several years ago the aggregate area of state forests in Ohio was around 30,000 acres, to which have been added tracts of semi-wild Vx lands since then. These tracts, which will be of great value to the coming generations, have been secured at a cost not to exceed ten dollars an acre. In these forests methods of forest practice are developed, reforestation is carried on from time to time. They form the protective cover for the water sheds of streams, are utilized for game refuge purposes and in part for hunting. The recreational value of these forests is being recognized more and more. These include Waterloo Forest, 421 acres, Athens County ; Dean Forests, Lawrence County ; Shawnee State Forest, 16,876 acres, Scioto County ; Pike Forest, Pike County, 3,500 acres ; Scioto Trail Forest, 7,000 acres, Ross County. In the center of the Shawnee Forest is the Roosevelt Game Preserve of 8,000 acres. There are a number of state forest parks including the series in the Hocking County district : Bryan Park, Green County, 500 acres ; Nelson Ledges, Portage County, and the Mohican State Park in the region of the Clearfork in Hanover Township, Ashland County. The board of control of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station consists of the following: President, Julius F. Stone; vice president, Mrs. Robert G. Patterson, Columbus; Lawrence E. Laybourne, Springfield; Egbert H. Mack, Sandusky; H. S. Atkinson, Columbus ; Harry A. Caton, Coshocton ; John Kaiser, Marietta ; I. S. Guthery, state director of agriculture, Columbus; Carl E. Steeb, secretary, Columbus. At Wooster, Marietta, Rock House and Shawnee Forest are forest nurseries with about ten million trees. State Forester Secrest of Wooster mentions that there has been an increasing number of forest plantations started throughout the state in the past few years. The interest in treeplanting over the state is growing steadily. HISTORIC MANSION ONCE TAVERN. Reminiscent of Wooster stage coach days is the stately old Larwill mansion on South Market Street, on the CCC Highway route. This 544 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO three-story brick building, erected ninety-four years ago, is of such substantial construction that it bids fair to be serviceable for many decades yet to come. There are eighteen rooms in the old mansion, some of them with as much room as a cottage of today. When it was a tavern on the main highway of stage-coach travel between Cleveland and Columbus, before the Pennsylvania R. R. was put into operation in August, 1852—seventy-nine years ago—it was the old Ohio House where great numbers of celebrities were entertained down through the years. On East Liberty Street is a new hotel bearing the name of the old tavern, now a private residence. Wooster was one of the centers where stage-line horses were changed and the town was famous for its business in horses. During the Civil War many thousands of horses for government use were purchased in this region and horse-shipping has continued to recent years. Former Senator William A. Weygandt, of Cleveland, who contributes the following sketch on distinguished people of Wayne County, has been in newspaper work in North Central Ohio for forty years. From 1891 to March, 1901, he was editor of the Ashland Press, published the Lodi Review for a year, after which he joined the staff of the Akron Times. For over nine years he was in newspaper work in Akron, most of that time as city editor of the Akron Beacon-Journal. In March, 1911, he bought the Portage County Democrat at Ravenna and the following year was elected State Senator from the twenty-fourth-twenty-sixth district. In the spring of 1915, he purchased from E. S. Wertz a controlling interest in the Wayne County Democrat and Wooster Daily News, continuing as publisher until the fall of 1919. Since that time he has been in newspaper work in Cleveland. SOME DISTINGUISHED PEOPLE OF WAYNE COUNTY. (By William A. Weygandt.) Wayne County, the third formed in the Northwest Territory, has produced and tenanted, as it were, many men of wide prominence and high standing in diversified fields. Being the governmental center in its early history of a vast territory, Wooster became the headquarters of men connected with the land and war offices of the United States, and early attracted the attention of venturesome spirits. It was thus that John Sloane came HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 545 to Wooster from Canton in 1816 with Gen. Reasin Beall to act as receiver of public moneys for the United States. He was elected to Congress, serving from 1819 to 1829 ; beginning in 1841 he served as Ohio's Secretary of State for three years and became Treasurer of the United States early in the fifties by appointment of President Fillmore. He was a colonel in the War of 1812. General Beall also served in Congress, resigning in 1814 to become register of the land office at Wooster. Wayne County has been the home of many men active and prominent in the military, those of more recent years including Colonel C. V. Hard, who commanded the Eighth Regiment in the Spanish-American War, and Col. F. C. Gerlach. A man eminent in church who lived in Wooster in his early days was Bishop Edward Thomson of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He first practiced medicine in Wooster and Jeromesville, then entered the ministry. Among the most important positions which he held were the presidency of Ohio Wesleyan University and Bishop of the M. E. Church, being elected to the latter in 1864. He was also editor of the Christian Advocate, the church's leading publication, and was offered the Chancellorship of Michigan University. Bishop Thomson was the author of several outstanding works. His first wife was a daughter of Mordecai Bartley, Governor of Ohio, and his second wife was Annie E. Howe, poetess. It may be said that Wooster produced two famous writers, because Frances Fuller and her sister, Metta Fuller, received their education in the public schools there. The sisters, both of whom married, achieved their greatest success in writing poetry, Metta particularly under the non de plume "Singing Sybil." Both were highly praised by N. P. Willis. One of Wooster's famous men was Gen. Thomas T. Eckert, who in the eighties became vice president and general manager of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Near the close of the Civil War he was appointed Assistant Secretary of War and after being put in charge of the telegraph system of the Union Army and establishing military headquarters in the War Department buildings, Eckert was appointed postmaster of Wooster in 1849, and established the first telegraph line to the county seat. In politics and the law, Wooster also has had its distinguished men. The most prominent of these was John McSweeney the First. As a criminal lawyer and orator he had few equals in the United 546 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO States in his day. Probably his most notable case was in the Star Route trials, in which the Federal Government prosecuted prominent office holders in connection with the postoffice department. The last prominent trial in which he participated was as assistant prosecutor in the Chesrown murder cases in Ashland. John McSweeney II was also an able lawyer and orator, and served on the state library board for a number of years. John McSweeney III was appointed director of welfare of Ohio by Governor George White in January, 1931, after having served on the staff of Gen. Chas. S. Farnsworth in France and Belgium during the World War and later serving three terms in Congress. William B. Allison, who served successive terms as Congressman and as United States Senator from Iowa, was born in Perry Township, then Wayne County, and practiced law in Wooster. Members of the Wayne County Bar have generally always stood high in the profession. Two leading attorneys who were partners and were widely known as able advocates were A. S. McClure and M. L. Smyser, both of whom were elected to Congress as Republicans. Others of the large galaxy of prominent lawyers who either followed their profession in Wooster or claimed Wooster as their homes at one time or another were Hon. Martin Welker, once Lieutenant Governor of Ohio and United States district judge for a number of years ; Rush Taggart, who had a lucrative practice in New York City, principally as general counsel for the Western Union Telegraph Co., and his brother, Judge Frank Taggart, at one time insurance commissioner of Ohio ; Lyman R. Critchfield, who was Attorney-General of Ohio in 1863-65 and whose son, Lyman R., Jr., became Common Pleas judge ; W. E. Weygandt, former Common Pleas judge, whose son, Carl V. Weygandt, was elected to the Common Pleas and Appellate Courts in Cuyahoga County by the largest majorities ever given judicial candidates there. By reason of the location of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station and Wooster College at Wooster, this city has been the home of educators and scientists too numerous to name. Mention should be made, however, of C. E. Thorne, director of the Experiment Station for many years and a widely quoted authority on soils, and Prof. Arthur H. Compton, of the University of Chicago, member of a family of scholars and the only Wooster man to receive a Nobel prize, the award to him being for discoveries in the realm of light. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 547 Congressmen whose homes were in Wayne County who have not already been named are George Blake, Thirty-eighth Congress ; Ezra Dean, Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congress ; Benjamin Jones, Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congress ; Martin Welker, Thirty-ninth to Forty-first Congress. Edward Avery, of Wayne County, was a judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio under the constitution of 1802 and George Rex held the same office under the constitution of 1851. L. Firestone and John Larwill were the Wayne County members of the historic convention that framed the constitution of 1851. A character both unique and famous was Herr Driesbach, lion tamer, who traveled everywhere at home and abroad, and appeared before crowned heads of Europe. He lived in Wooster many years, and died in Apple Creek, Dec. 5, 1877, after retiring from his profession in 1854. Cleveland's famous railroad financiers, Oris P. and Mantis J. Van Sweringen, among the greatest in the nation in railroad control, were born on a farm north of Wooster, Oris P. Van Sweringen, April 24, 1879, and his brother, Mantis, July 8, 1881. About 1883 the family moved to Geneva where they resided until locating in Cleveland. Among their vast projects, in which they achieved millions, In addition to their railroad mergers, have been the Shaker Heights allotments and the new Cleveland Terminal. Dr. G. W. Crile, renowned surgeon and founder of Cleveland Clinic, is a graduate in medicine from Wooster University. In October, 1925, when Wooster had a big celebration which brought many thousands of people to the city, Judge Carl V. Weygandt, then a Common Pleas judge and now a judge of the Court of Appeals, impersonated Gen. David Wooster, Revolutionary hero, for whom the city is named. The "general" and his colonial escort on October 15, were met at the Pennsylvania station and escorted to the public square where they were welcomed and the "general" was given the key to the city by Mayor M. G. Limb, master of ceremonies. The "general" remarked that he was there in spite of "the infirmities of age and the warnings of his apothecary." He urged that the city government be kept clean and that every citizen use his privilege to vote. Gen. John R. McQuigg, of Cleveland, state commander of the American Legion and a native of Wooster, emphasized the need of more attention to Americanization, the necessity for better citizens and the importance of adequate national defense. A silver rifle was 548 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO presented to Col. L. S. Connelly, commander of the One Hundred Forty-fifth Ohio National Guard, who, in turn, presented it to Company K, of Wooster, which scored the highest number of points in the regimental rifle contest. Nearly 200 floats and four bands participated in the parade in the afternoon. Bands from Rittman, Dalton, and Orrville played in the evening on the public square, where there was street dancing. On the following day the "general" visited the College of Wooster and that evening there was a costume parade. When the Wayne County Centennial was held August 1145, 1896, the chairman was I. N. Kieffer ; Lemuel Jeffries, vice chairman; J. G. Sanborn, secretary ; Harry McClarran, treasurer ; and the other members of the executive board were Col. C. V. Hard, C. W. McClure and J. P. VanNest. To meet a need of the growing city, Wooster is now considering a zoning proposition. The president of the Wooster Board of Trade is F. E. Schultz ; Clyde M. Miller, secretary. Wooster's population of 10,742 is all in Wooster Township except 555 in Wayne Township. The total population of Wooster Township is 11,510 and that of Wayne Township, 2,038. Population of the other fourteen townships of Wayne County is as follows : Baughman Township, 3,040 ; Canaan Township, 2,339 ; Chester, 1,422 ; Chippewa Township, 3,162 ; Green, 5,256 ; Clinton, 1,790; Congress, 1,952 ; East Union, 1,806; Franklin, 1,109 ; Milton, 4,699; Paint, 1,246 ; Plain, 1,532 ; Salt Creek, 1,374 ; Sugar Creek Township, 2,569. There are in the county seventeen postoffices and forty-four rural routes, ten of which are out of Wooster, five from West Salem, four from Shreve, three from Apple Creek, four from Dalton, three from Orrville, three from Fredericksburg. The others are from Burbank, Creston, Doylestown, Marshallville, Rittman, Smithville and Sterling. ORRVILLE AND GREEN TOWNSHIP. The town of Orrville, at the junction of the main line of the Pennsylvania and the C. A. & C. Branch, also on the Wheeling & Lake Erie R. R., has long been an important railroad center. It is on state route 94, which joins route 36, southwest of Eaton and has its south terminus at the Lincoln Highway at Riceland. Its population in 1930 was 4,427, of which 3,199 was in Green Township and 1,228 in Baughman Township. Another thriving community of Green Township is HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 549 the village of Smithville, which has a population of 582, but a community spirit that gives promise of some very substantial results if maintained in the years to come. The Smithville Promoters' Club, of which A. C. Ramseyer, Master Farmer, is president, was organized more than two years ago. Enrolled in it are seventy-five business and professional men of Smithville and farmers of Green Township. About a mile south of Smithville is Weilersville. Green Township was organized Feb. 5, 1817. The first justices of the peace were David McConahay and George Boydston. The first trustees were Peter Flickinger, George Boydston and Thomas Hayse ; treasurer, Thomas Dawson ; clerk, David Boydston. Orrville, product of railroads, was laid out in 1852 on the lands of Robert Taggart, C. Brenneman and C. Horst and was named in honor of Smith Orr, who induced the railroad company to establish a water tank there and Taggart to lay off ten acres of his land into town lots. He then bought other lands and with William Gailey erected a sawmill. The first plat of the town was made by Jesse Straugham. The line between Baughman and Green townships is east of the center of Orrville, which was incorporated May 9, 1864. The first mayor was William M. Gailey ; recorder, D. G. Horst ; Dr. J. H. Stoll, who afterwards located in Ashland and for many years lived in Wooster, practiced medicine in Orrville at one time. He was the father of Dr. Harry Stoll, of Wooster, and of Prof. Elmer Edgar Stoll of the Department of English, University of Minnesota. The graded schools of Orrville were organized in 1872. The Orrville Crescent was established in 1870. It is now the Courier-Crescent, published semi-weekly. Years ago two journals were published in Orrville, Evening at Home and Words of Cheer. An Orrville auctioneer, C. A. Wyre, who died in July, 1926, made a world record in 1919 at Buffalo in selling 700 horses in 700 minutes. Orrville is proud of its new town building for the dedication of which on the night of Oct. 8, 1930, nearly two thousand people braved the drizzling rain. Former Senator Alton H. Etling, solicitor for the village and who for a number of years was superintendent of the Orrville schools, was in charge of the program. The high school and city bands rendered a musical program ; the invocation was by the Rev. W. H. Oswalt, of Canton, former pastor of the Orrville Methodist Church ; talks were given by Fire Chief William G. Heebsh, 550 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO editor of the Courier-Crescent, Mayor A. U. Weygandt and Isaac Pontius, eighty-six, Orrville's oldest active citizen. The cost of the building, which fronts on North Main Street, was about $25,000. On the main floor are offices of the mayor, board of public affairs, council chamber, municipal utilities cashier's office and city engineer's office. To the rear, fronting on West Water Street, is the fire department and in the basement, the jail, marshal's office, furnace room, safety deposit vault and lavatories. The Orrville clerk is A. Jenny ; treasurer, F. A. Arnold ; marshal, 0. C. Watts ; members of council, F. W. Kinney, J. A. Lacy, C. C. Yoder, F. L. Phillips, Paul Cabut and J. J. Schmidt. Service clubs of Orrville are Rotary and Exchange. One evening in September, 1930, Orrville Rotary entertained sixty aged people of the town and vincinity, the oldest of whom was Mrs. Ann Snavely, who, on Nov. 10, 1930, at her home west of Dalton, celebrated her one hundredth birthday anniversary. Jacob Neiswander, a Mennonite, aged ninety-one, was the oldest man present, prize for the oldest couple present went to Mr. and Mrs. John Griffith, aged, respectively, eighty-six and eighty-eight. Mrs. George Fortune, eighty-two, won the spelling bee after William Long, eighty-three, failed on the word "sturgeon." Mrs. Mary Seas, eighty-four, was one of the speakers and selections were read from McGuffy's Readers. The aged guests, who were welcomed by President William G. Heebsh, joined happily in the singing of old-time songs after dinner. Wooster Rotary had a similar party at the Methodist Church in that city Nov. 26, 1930, when there were entertained at luncheon, 150 octogenarians, nonagenarians and one who was a year beyond the century mark. The 101-year-old guest, William Dickerson, born at Rock Mountain, Va., spent the first thirty-five years of his life as a slave. He located in Wooster thirty-one years ago. The next oldest were Dr. Joseph H. Todd, oldest Wooster physician, and Fred Stair, retired farmer, each of whom was ninety-four. One of the enterprises of the Orrville Exchange Club has been the distribution of toys and various useful gifts to poor children of the community. One of the old landmarks of Orrville for many years was the National House, the site was purchased from the late William M. Orr by Peter Everly, who operated the hotel for many years. The HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 551 timbers were hewed from large oak trees from the J. B. Clapper farm, near Fox Lake, while the balance of the lumber was shipped from Cleveland over the Ohio Canal to Masillon and from there was brought over the Pennsylvania to Orrville. The growth of business made necessary two additions to the hotel and when Mr. Everly retired it had forty-four rooms. Among the noted guests entertained there were two Presidents of the nation, Hayes and McKinley, and United States Senator John Sherman. It was at this hotel in 1891 when the Sixteenth Congressional District Convention was held in Orrville that Major McKinley and his delegation had their headquarters, and here a few weeks later was held the Democratic convention, which, after a three-day battle, nominated John G. Warrick for Congress, opposing McKinley for re-election to Congress. The old building was torn down in 1914. The site of this building was along an old corduroy road of the early days. For many years Orrville was the largest horse market this side of Buffalo, it is said. In the three years prior to the closing of it at the beginning of 1917, 10,000 horses of the value of $2,000,000 were auctioned at the sale pavilion. C. A. Wyre, auctioneer previously spoken of, was the owner and manager of the horse mart. Bishop William Montgomery Brown of the Protestant Episcopal Church, who was tried by an ecclesiastical court at Cleveland in 1924 on charge of heresy, was a native of Orrville, where he spent his boyhood. Harry F. Flory, manager of the International News Service in London, England, who visited his mother in Orrville a few months ago, has interviewed many international celebrities. He began his newspaper career by carrying papers for the Wooster Daily News and when he spoke at Wooster during his visit home, he remarked that the greatest thrill he ever had as a newspaper man was when, as high school reporter he had a scoop in reporting the proposed resignation of one of the high school teachers. Another former Orrville man is Joseph M. Markley, manager of the Canton office of the R. G. Dun & Co. Mercantile Agency. Mr. Markley, who was formerly Twenty-first District Governor of Rotary International, is a descendant of Joseph Markley, who in 1814 purchased 320 acres of land, most of which is now in the residence section of Ashland. 552 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO Orrville has a number of thriving industries ; J. M. Horst is cashier of the Orrville Savings Bank and L. B. Webber, of the Orrville National Bank. I. H. Ellsworth is president of the Orrville Chamber of Commerce and Howard T. Pontius is secretary. F. E. Honnold has been superintendent of the schools for more than eight years and there is a corps of forty teachers. W. J. Moore is principal of the high school; Edith Kistler, principal of junior .high; Elsie Hauenstein, principal Walnut Street building ; Ethel Nussbaum, principal of Oak Street school, and Virginia Given, principal of the Maple Street school. SMITHVILLE. The village of Smithville, six miles northeast of Wooster on Route No. 36, is noted for the famous Smithville Academy, established some sixty-six years ago by Prof. J. B. Eberly. The school began in the old Presbyterian Church, and after two years the Academy Building and Boarding Halls, costing $20,000, were occupied and for many years the average attendance was 275 students of both sexes. There were seven teachers, and fifty years ago it was said that the majority of teachers in the Wayne County schools were educated there. The first settlement in Green Township was made in 1811 by Michael Thomas and family and the following years others from Pennsylvania came. Smithville was named for Thomas Smith, who, in 1880, located on the northwest side of the portage road, building the first house on the site of the future village. In the following year he erected a sawmill. In one end of Smith's cabin Gen. Resin Beall, in 1818, opened a store. Thomas Smith became the first postmaster. It was in this year, 1818, that the first school in Green Township was taught by Peter Kane, who is said to have been educated in Oxford University, England. In 1831, Thomas Smith had laid out a village, but later the site was vacated and on May 25, 1836, the village was founded by David Birney, Joseph Musser, John Shroll and others. Judge Smith Orr and Jonathan Casebier opened a store in the village in 1837. First church organizations in Green Township were : Methodist, in 1814 ; Amish, 1816 ; German Baptist, 1826 ; Winebrenarians, 1839 ; Brethren in Christ, 1843 ; Evangelical Lutherans, 1844 ; United Brethren, 1845. The first Sunday School was organized in the spring of 1828. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 553 Coming to the Smithville of today. The present village officers are : Mayor, J. G. Shellar ; clerk, V. O. Hutchinson ; treasurer, D. W. Sauder ; marshal, S. A. Sayre ; members of council, J. O. Dintaman, C. A. Gray, J. J. Buchwalter, J. B. Gilman, H. J. Amstutz and Ed Shisler. Superintendent of the Smithville schools is O. E. Sibert ; principal, Forest Burkholder, and there are six other high school teachers, and four grade teachers. Green Township rural teachers are: Mrs. Gladys Line, Lavina Amstutz, Elmer C. Hilty, Ruth Schrock, Anna R. Smucker, Erma Weimer, M. M. Scott, Roy Wenger, Mrs. Ella M. Manson and Bernice Gerig. The Smithville Promoters' Club, the slogan of which is : "Make Green Township Ohio's beauty spot," proclaims that this township is Wayne County's wealthiest agricultural district. It's agricultural wealth is given as $2,205,620. The campaign includes painting of telephone and electric light poles white; marking the roads with artistic markers identifying the district, landscaping of homes. The Green Township song, sung to the tune of "Flo Gently, Sweet Afton," was written by Roberta Moomaw. In the Township Farmers' Institute held at Smithville in January, 1931, a new attendance record for Wayne County institutes was set. The total attendance for the five sessions was 4,170. The president of the senior institute is David McFadden; secretary, Mrs. Grover Berkey ; Kenneth Conrad is president of the junior institute and Emma Berkey is secretary. The oldest persons attending the institute were Adam Brant, ninety-five ; Henry Keiffer, eighty-seven, both Civil War veterans ; Peter Conrad and Chris Brenner, each eighty-four. The township ranks high in boys and girls club enrollment. In this township are the biggest dairy farms and largest potato farms in the county. Ward Ramseyer, as well as A. C. Ramseyer, is a Master Farmer of the township. The total attendance at the sixteen Township Farmers' Institutes, held during the winter of 1930-31, was 29,321, an increase of nearly 4,000 over the previous year. DALTON AND SUGAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. Dalton, population 656, is on the Wheeling & Lake Erie R. R., and the Lincoln Highway (also the Harding Highway, United States route 30), thirteen miles east of Wooster. Near this village lives Mrs. Ann Snavely, now in her 101st year. Dalton is known for its pottery, and Sugar Creek Township for its brick plants, which in 554 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO January, 1931, received orders for nearly two million brick, in the transporting of which 125 freight cars were used. The Sugar Creek Clay Products Co. in one order shipped 1,200,000 face bricks for the new Lane Technical High School in Chicago and the Finzor Bros. Brick Co. shipped 600,000 ivory shale brick for the interior of the Northwestern Express Company's building in Chicago. It was in a slope mine in this township that three veteran coal miners were asphyxiated last October and a Canton undertaker, overcome by gas while heading a rescue squad into the mine, also perished. Raymond Boss is president of the Sugar Creek Township Farmers' Institute, which, in January, 1931, had an average attendance of 593 for the five sessions, an increase of 142 per session over the previous year. W. D. Zinn, lecturer, said that the crowd of 827 on Friday afternoon at the institute was the largest he had addressed in thirty-three years of farmers' institute work in nine states. Chris Tschantz, of Silver Hill, aged eighty-four, attended four sessions of the institute. James Goudy settled in 1809 near the site of Dalton. Sugar Creek Township was organized three years later. Goudy was in the battle with the Indians Nov. 4, 1791, when General St. Clair's forces sustained such a terrible defeat. In that battle Goudy was wounded, but in spite of disability managed to travel eighteen miles and before receiving help was so near starvation that he ate the flesh of a dead horse. Dalton was formed from three villages, Dover, surveyed Oct. 16, 1817; and Sharon and Middletown, both laid out in 1828. Two years before Dover was surveyed the village of Moscow was laid out, but the expectations of its founders were not realized. A postoffice was established at Dalton April 16, 1825. The village was incorporated Aug. 14, 1856. The first mayor was William Yergin. An early day physician of Dalton was Dr. L. G. Harley, who moved to Ohio 101 years ago, graduated from medical college in 1837 and located at Dalton, where he had a large practice for many years. In April, 1874, W. C. Scott established a printing office at Dalton and in August of the following year started the Dalton Banner, later changing the name of the newspaper to Gazette, which he published for many years. E. F. Scott is the present publisher of the Gazette. Born in Dalton in January, 1874, was Ermond Edson Cook, editor-in-chief of the Central Ohio group of Scripps-Howard newspapers. His father, William C. Cook, who, during the Civil War, HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 555 served in Company C, Forty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was a merchant in Dalton for many years, served as mayor of the village twenty-one years and for eight years was deputy revenue collector under appointment of President Harrison. Dr. L. L. DeArment was the owner of Dalton's wonder dog, "Queen," a Great Dane, whose intelligence was so remarkable that the animal attracted nation-wide attention. Albert Payson Terhune, famous authority on dogs, said of her in one of his articles that she was one of the wonder dogs of the age. She gave more than 100 entertainments in hospitals, orphans' homes, in churches and before service clubs and other organizations before her death in October, 1930. R. B. Snell is superintendent of the Dalton schools, Edgar R. Miller is principal of the high school ; the other high school teachers are Lucile Lawrence, Beatrice Barden, W. Glenn McFadden, Willard H. Wolf ; grade teachers, Josephine Edwards, Margery Zaugg, Carl B. Gift and Lee H. Douglas. Dalton village officials are: Mayor, W. A. Mumaw ; clerk, Ernest F. Scott ; treasurer, W. H. Scott ; marshal, Martin Tyrrell ; members of council, Fred Baumgartner, Ira Berg, W. B. Haverstock, J. W. Caldwell, Carl W. Lawrence and Jacob N. Moser. C. R. McDowell is president of the Dalton First National Bank and T. C. Hunsicker is cashier. KIDRON. The village of Kidron in Sugar Creek Township, with the Sonnenberg community, is noted for its community sales; one in late November, 1930, amounted to $13,253.70, articles being brought from various communities. The live stock consisted of 1,006 hogs, 72 dairy and 52 beef cows, 198 calves, 218 sheep, some goats, and about 1,200 chickens, besides some horses. In this region are a great many Amish, very thrifty, religious and exponents of plain living. Rural school teachers of the township are : R. W. Kurzen, M. D. Moser, Paul Badertscher, J. G. Kurzen, Ethel M. Douglas, Mrs. Martha C. Frazer, C. G. Sprunger, H. C. Amstutz, Carrie Lehman and Clair Kirchhofer. Daniel Barkman, who, at the age of eighty-nine, died in January, 1931, five weeks after his wife, aged eighty-four, died, served during the Civil War in the Nineteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 556 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO The chairman of the Sugar Creek Township Farm Bureau is A. W. Rudy ; Menno Zuercher, secretary and treasurer. FREDERICKSBURG, SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP. Potteries of Fredericksburg, Salt Creek Township, are the Sanitary Pottery Co. and the Mansfield Sanitary Pottery, Inc. The president of the latter is W. D. Leeper, of Fredericksburg ; L. F. Drouhard, of Massillon, is vice president ; J. C. Gorman, Mansfield, general manager; W. R. Hairer, Wooster, treasurer. The Fredericksburg Coal Company began production of coal from its mine one-quarter mile south of Fredericksburg following incorporation of the company last December, from twelve to twenty men being employed. The mine is on land formerly used for mining, the coal produced being used principally in the manufacture of brick at Fredericksburg. This company is developing a portion of the field previously untouched. Coal is mined from a stratum over three feet thick. The company's holdings also contain clay and limestone deposits. W. H. Lane is the manager and others interested in the company are J. G. Chapman, Fredericksburg; and W. S. Pealer, Columbus. Resumption of operations at the Mt. Cherry coal mine, purchased last November by Herman Snyder, of New Philadelphia, was gratifying to the community. A new coal tipple was erected at the mine. Fredericksburg, population (1930) 483, is on the Pennsylvania R. R. in the southwest corner of the township, near the Holmes County line. It was laid out Nov. 27, 1824, by Jacob Frederick, an early day associate judge of Wayne County. The township was organized March 5, 1816. One of the events in the annals of Fredericksburg was Gen. William Henry Harrison's visit to the community Aug. 24, 1840, when the hero of Tippecanoe was candidate for the Presidency. He had held a reception at Wooster August 23 and was in Fredericksburg the following day. The Whigs had a big ox roast in his honor, he held a reception on the old Fredericksburg porch east of the mill in the village and went that evening to Millersburg. That date was fixed on the mind of the late Capt. James B. Taylor, who at the time of his death in December, 1925, at the age of eighty-five years, was dean of the Wooster bar, because that was the day of his birth in Fredericksburg. "General Frederick gave a big reception in Harrison's honor at his home overlooking the old mill, then the HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 557 largest mill in this section," said Capt. Taylor years ago, "but my mother and I were not able to attend the reception." Mrs. Henry Langell, of Wooster, was also a babe at the time of General Harrison's campaign in 1840. Her people lived in Columbiana County at that time. She was one of twin babies and General Harrison, on seeing them, gave their mother two pocketpieces with his picture on them. Speaking of this, in 1917, Mrs. Lange11 said she still had the pocketpiece that was given to her. The present mayor of Fredericksburg is L. W. Leeper, and the other officers of the village are : Clerk, Anna Owings ; treasurer, R. W. Knappenberger ; marshal, John Strain, members of council, Tharen Wilson, R. C. Armstrong, M. F. McKelvey, W. R. Spencer, Henry Parker and Park Lytle. Superintendent of Salt Creek Township schools at Fredericksburg is R. A. Shearer ; L. A. Arrington is principal of the high school and the other teachers are Ruth Hensel and Anna E. Campbell. The grade teachers are Helen Graber, Reva Inks, R. C. Orr and W. R. Finley (principal). The Salt Creek Township rural school teachers are George C. Amstutz, Florence Harper, Thornton McCay, Ben F. Burry and L. Basil Chenevey. In a feature article a few years ago a Cleveland writer said : "Fredericksburg has a magnetic spring, bubbling up through an iron pipe in the back yard of H. C. Lytle's drug store, in the center of the town. Citizens say that if one places a tin cup in the vicinity of the pipe that spouts out the magnetic stream, the cup will move slowly across the space to the pipe. When it near the pipe it gives a sudden jump and hugs it for dear life. There is so much magnetism in the water that if one whets his knife on the stone covering the spring he can pick up pins and small nails with the blade." At the age of nearly ninety-four years, A. G. Barnes, formerly a farmer in Franklin Township, died in February, 1931, at his home in Fredericksburg. F. E. Boling, Fredericksburg, is president of the Wayne County Wool Growers' Association. George M. Thompson, Apple Creek, is secretary-treasurer. James McCoy, Seville, was delegate to the state meeting. At the association's annual meeting it was reported that 85% of the 1930 clip had been sold through the Ohio pool. The village has an organization of Camp Fire Girls, and a post of the American Legion. One of the 4-H Club winners at the Wayne 558 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO County Fair in 1930 was Ross Winner, of Fredericksburg. Earl V. Rice is master of Fredericksburg Grange and Mrs. Walter Grosjean is secretary. DOYLESTOWN, CHIPPEWA TOWNSHIP. Doylestown (1930 population 1,150) is on state auto route 36, eighteen miles northeast of Wooster and four miles southwest of the Barberton limits. It is east of Rittman and a few miles southeast of Wadsworth. The annals tell much of Thomas Frederick, first settler of Chippewa Township, who fought in the War of 1812 and built his cabin in the township in 1813. He was a great hunter and walker, planted great numbers of fruit trees and the village annals say that he was a kindly, generous, noble-hearted pioneer who lived to be ninety-three years old, had fourteen children and eighty-two grandchildren. Others of the earliest settlers were Michael Bay-singer, Stephen Ford, Michael Brouse, Henry Franks, Jacob Hamm, Daniel Huffman, Peter Waltz, Frederick Galehouse, Nicholas and Adam Helmick. The township was organized Sept. 4, 1815. Doylestown was laid out Dec. 9, 1827, and was named for William Doyle, a tall, redhaired man who, in 1826, came to the township, bought some land rich in forests and fine springs and later returned to Pennsylvania to persuade some of his friends to come to Wayne County. In the spring and summer of 1827 George and Jacob Whitman, Peter Marshall and some other people settled in the township, including Christian Shombel, a soldier of Napoleon in the Moscow campaign and at the Battle of Waterloo. In the fall of 1827, Doyle and his family, with seven other men and their families, came with ox carts and covered wagon. Charles Christmas, one of the settlers, surveyed the land Doyle had purchased the previous year, and on December 9, forty lots were laid out. Doyle's tavern, where the Doylestown bank now is, was the first building erected. Stephen Fisher was the first justice of the peace and William Forster, first postmaster of the village. The famous tree planter, John Chapman, frequently passed through the region. The first brick houses in the township were built by George Whitman and Frederick Galehouse. John Galehouse built the Union Hotel on the square where the Paridon House now stands and this was a stop on the Wooster-Youngstown stage coach line. The noon stop was at Doylestown, the passengers eating dinner there while the horses were changed. The HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 559 founding of SS. Peter and Paul Catholic Church in Doylestown in 1827, the same year the village was founded, has been given in another chapter. In the early days of the village the Methodists held services at the John Franks home, the Lutherans at Michael Brouse's home and the Catholics heard mass at George Whitman's. The first church built was the Catholic and the same year a brick school house was erected. Following the gift of an acre of land in September, 1838, by William and Maria Doyle, the Methodists erected a church. The German Lutheran and Reformed Church built a church about this time and in 1840 and 1841 the Presbyterian congregation, which had been organized in 1828, built a frame church across the street from the Lutheran Church. Four Revolutionary War soldiers are buried in and near Doylestown and soldiers of the War of 1812. Chippewa has been the richest coal township in Wayne County. In 1840 David Galehouse opened the first coal mine in the township and the following year the Old Chippewa mine was opened south of town. About this time a pottery was established and Reuben and Harvey Woods built a grist mill in Rogues Hollow. Near Easton, then called Slankerville, mills were erected by George Welhouse and Daniel Slanker. Local annals tell of when the statesman, Henry Clay, on his way from Kentucky to Washington, was entertained at the Union Hotel. For a number of years Archibald Fisher, of Doylestown, was the only undertaker between Wooster and Akron. Beginning in 1861 Peter Cline, John Seiberling and John Hower manufactured Excelsior mowers and droppers. The Civil War took heavy toll of Chippewa Township. The first man to enlist was Jackson Eaton, a great-grandson of William Doyle. Doylestown was incorporated Aug. 6, 1867. The first officers were : Mayor, A. H. Pursell ; recorder, William Reed ; treasurer, Samuel Miller ; councilman, Elias Galehouse, James H. Seiberling, Henry A. Soliday ; Jacob Shaffer and R. B. Wasson. The Doylestown Journal was founded July 11, 1874, by George W. Everts. It continued to be published for nearly forty-four years. Doylestown annals, compiled at the time of the Centennial celebration, July 28 to 30, 1927, when an historical pageant was given, 400 people participating, give a wealth of interesting facts regarding this town loftiest of location in the county and third highest town in the state. 560 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO Mention is made of the steam wagon that William Tagg invented. It used coal and wood for fuel, had a stovepipe, was steered with a wheel and was a fearsome sight as it careened about the streets, usually at night, that the horses might not be frightened. Its last trip was when it went through a fence and landed in a ditch. The Seiberling & Miller Company, beginning in 1887 the manufacture of Empire binders, enlarged their shops until they covered two acres of ground. In May, 1905, the same year that the present bank building was erected, an exciting event occurred. J. V. Hartel brought from Easton, where it had been shipped from Chicago, a Holzman automobile. The trip from Easton, five miles, was accomplished in a little less than five hours. Gas was piped through the town in 1906, the present parochial school was built in 1907. A new school building was erected in 1909. A new high school building was erected in 1923 and opened for classes early in the following year. The Methodist Church was rededicated in December, 1924. New allotments were opened during 1924, 1925 and 1926 and more new houses were built in five years than in the preceding thirty years. The three churches of the village are the Lutheran, the Catholic and the Methodist. Hazel Harvey is superintendent of the Doylestown schools ; Stanley C. Neal is principal of the high school and the other teachers are Bernice Althaus, Ruth Ogilivie, Lawrence Mann, Alice Hughes. Teachers of the grades are Mrs. Elsie Gantz, Edna Horn, Florence Shank, Mrs. Rosetta Galehouse, Minnie Troyer, Irene King, Mrs. Emma Myers and R. M. Sellers (principal). Chippewa Township rural teachers are Florence King, Newton Kerr, Meta Anne Stetler, Esther May Sulzbach, Herschel T. Winters, Donald E. Gilletly, Mrs. Helen Daniel, Elizabeth Burkholder, Lavinia Hilty and Elmer L. Dulabahn. The mayor of Doylestown is W. R. Hower ; clerk, Stanley Merkt ; treasurer, H. M. Dague ; marshal, R. E. Thomas ; members of council, C. 0. Deibel, Albert Flath, Thomas Lothier, W. C. McCartney, Paul Cline and Scott Galehouse. The village of Easton, southwest of Doylestown, is on the B. & 0. R. R. and state auto route 36. HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 561 RITTMAN, STERLING, MILTON TOWNSHIP. Rittman, progressive industrial community, population (1930) 2,785, started to grow more than thirty years ago when the Ohio Salt Company erected its plant shortly after the B. & O. R. R. was finished through the town. Another of Rittman's substantial industries is the Ohio Boxboard Co. and still another is the Ohio Chemical Co., which makes materials for matches and fireworks. Rittman, which is also on the Erie and state auto route 94, five miles southwest of Wadsworth and east of Creston, overlooks the valley of the River Styx. It is said that a great many of the workers in Rittman's industries own their own homes. A few years ago a new high school building was erected and sends many students to institutions of higher education. In the center of the town is Rittman Park, a beautiful spot with original forest trees. East of Rittman one orcharding company has 112 acres in orchards. Rittman churches include Presbyterian, United Brethren, Church of the Brethren, and St. Anne's Catholic. The financial institutions are the Rittman Savings Bank Co., the Citizens Savings & Loan Co., the Peoples Savings & Loan Co. and a branch of the Wayne Building & Loan Co. D. R. Lance is president of the Business Men's Association and W. W. Bodager is the secretary. The president of Rittman Rotary, which was organized in October, 1925, is. Charles A. Snyder and the secretary, Harry Hiers. John J. Wein of Rittman is deputy state fire marshal for the district, which includes four counties. In its community fund drive last November, Rittman over-subscribed the amount asked for by nearly 50%. The budget was placed at $2,500 and there was received $3,650.55. In the Wayne County oratorical contest held in February, 1931, at Mt. Eaton, a Rittman girl, Pauline Geiser, won first prize, a gold medal ; Emelie Seaver, Doylestown, second prize, a silver medal ; and Earl Hoisington, third prize, a bronze medal. Miss Geiser represents Wayne County in the North Eastern Ohio oratorical contest at Kent in April. In March, 1931, it was reported that industrial conditions in Rittman were especially gratifying, that the town did not suffer from the industrial depression to the extent that so many other communities throughout the country did ; in fact there was no indication that 562 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO it suffered at all. The salt works was operating full time, with about 900 employes; the boxboard company was operating with about 350 employes and other industries were in good shape. At the time the first settlers came there was a large swamp in the center of the township and a suggestion was made that it be called Center Swamp Township. Commissioner George Bair objected and the name Milton was given. As early as 1813 Isaac DeCourcey and family settled in the township. William Doyle, the first school teacher in the township, taught in a log shanty so cold that in the winter time the ink would sometimes freeze in the bottles while the pupils were trying to write. The founder of Doylestown, William Doyle, was the first justice of the peace and the second was John Dawson, both of whom received commissions in 1819. Elder Freeman, one of the pioneer preachers of the township, was a Revolutionary soldier. The first sawmill and grist mill on the Little Chippewa was built by Thomas Huffstetter, and Philip Fritz erected a mill on River Styx. Milton Township was organized Oct. 5, 1818, and at the first township election old man Trump had to be called to the polls to make enough voters to constitute a legal election. The first church in the township was the old Baptist at Lance-town. The first postoffice was at Krupp's, called New Prospect. Benjamin Cotton, who came to Milton Township in 1836 and died ten years later, was a soldier at the Battle of Bunker Hill and was in the fight when Burgoyne was captured. Milton Fritz was at the Battle of Brandywine. He came to the township in June, 1814. During the presidential campaign of 1860 Stephen A. Douglas spoke at Rittman. V. A. Garver is superintendent of the Rittman schools ; L. L. Haney, principal of the high school, and the other teachers are John Benek, E. 0. Hart, George Allarding, J. L. Maurer, Leah Jane Hart, Margaret Dill, Mildred Reelhorn, Eunice Bahs, Madeline M. Bixel. Teachers in the junior high are Willard Hauenstein, principal ; Mary Lee Britton, Millicent Jackson, Merle Garber ; fifth and sixth grades, Ruth Irvin, Alta Collier, Mary Orr ; First Street building, Myrtle Roose, Mary Firestone, Elsie Yoder, Ruth Henshaw ; primary building, Evelyn Harter, principal ; Ruth Augspurger, Mary Tustin, Kathryn Kinney ; rural, Grace Irvin. The mayor of Rittman is Frank B. Haines ; clerk, Glenn A. Zeigler; treasurer, Wm. Brenneman ; marshal, E. E. Mills; members of HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 563 council, J. H. Brown, John Branigan, H. S. Ruckel, Clyde Carson, John Wenger and E. G. Hamilton. The village of Sterling, west of Rittman, is at the crossing of the Erie and the B. & O. (C. L. & W.). It was originally called Milton. Robert M. Fosnight is superintendent of Milton Township schools and George H. Eastman, principal; Alice P. Torbet, Fannie Davidson, Annabel L. Sipes, Marie M. Bixel, Beaulah D. King, Lucille M. Jordan, Charles P. Lindecamp ; rural teachers, Roy Garver, Mrs. Belle E. Lyon, Elda Imhoff and Mary Zook. BURBANK, CRESTON, CANAAN TOWNSHIP. The village of Burbank, thirteen miles northwest of Wooster and west of Creston, is in the northwest part of Canaan Township. It is on the Erie R. R. and at one time was known as Bridgeport, the name being changed when the village was incorporated in 1868. Burbank Academy, organized in 1873, was an influential institution for many years. Creston, originally called Jackson, is on the Erie, and Wheeling & Lake Erie, also on the CCC Highway, near the Medina County line. W. H. Himes is superintendent of the Creston and Canaan Township consolidated schools, which have a $142,000 building, an addition being erected in 1923 to the building erected in 1915. There is a $15,000 equipment. The principal of the high school is G. W. Jeandrevin and there are fourteen other teachers employed in the schools. Enrollment in the schools, 417, 119 in high school, 298 in grades. J. B. Hickin is editor of the Creston Journal. Creston officials : Mayor, Carl Jordon ; clerk, W. K. Bechtel; treasurer, B. W. Romich ; marshal, Allen Baum ; members of council, F. A. Ritzi, Christ Schlegel, Ira Sonnedecker, C. L. Ault, J. W. Harmon, and W. E. Hatfield. Population of Creston is 1,029. Burbank's population is 299, of which 238 is in Canaan Township and sixty-one in Congress Township. A junior in the Burbank high school is Dean Lucas of Congress, winner of the national spelling contest in 1927. He plays on the basketball team. Superintendent of Burkbank schools is John R. Lea ; high school principal, Margaret C. Benek. There are six other teachers. Burbank, mayor, Harry Hanna; clerk, B. A. Wright; treasurer, Dora Gerberich ; marshal, R. F. Lewis. 564 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO Hamlets of Canaan Township are Canaan Center and Golden Corners. WEST SALEM, CONGRESS TOWNSHIP. Congress Township communities are West Salem on the Erie and U. S. auto route 42 ; Congress and Pleasant Home. The township was organized Oct. 5, 1818. Three years before that, Michael and Henry Totten, with George and Isaac Poe, cut a trail from Wooster through the forests to the site of the village of Congress. Wolves menaced their hogs and sheep. When they chased the wolves away the settlers found about fifty Indians camped near the Harrisville swamp. Congress, originally Waynesburg, was laid out March 6, 1827. Jacob Hare was the first postmaster ; Dr. Mills, first permanent physician ; and George Wicks kept the first hotel. At the village of Pleasant Home an Evangelical camp meeting was held for many years. West Salem, thirteen miles northeast of Ashland, was laid out June 14, 1834, incorporated in 1868 with D. H. Ambrose first mayor. George Poe, eldest son of the Indian fighter, Adam Poe, located in Congress Township with his family in 1815. Population of West Salem is 645. Gerald W. Talmadge publishes the West Salem News. West Salem officials : Mayor, W. B. Schott ; clerk, Maxine Mohr; treasurer, W. H. Hines ; marshal, Charles Finley ; members of council, T. B. Allison, J. J. Walker, Clarence Lee, A. J. Guderjahn, H. J. Read and W. Smith. W. L. Davis is superintendent of the West Salem schools ; Clair. Berkebile, principal, and there are five other teachers. Superintendent of the Congress Township high school is Wayne E. Essick and there are seven other teachers. Roy M. Ward is mayor of Congress; clerk, Isa E. Palmer ; treasurer, George C. Essick ; marshal, G. G. Garver. APPLE CREEK, EAST UNION TOWNSHIP. Apple Creek (population 459) is on the Pennsylvania (C. A. & C.) and U. S. auto route 250, five miles southeast of Wooster. Near this village is the state's new institution for the feeble-minded, of which Dr. L. W. Yule is superintendent and Arthur V. Marks, Wooster, is chief clerk. There are twenty-five people on the staff at present and HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO - 565 the first forty-six patients were received at the beginning of March, 1931. Apple Creek was the home of a World War hero, Clayton Welty, who though a victim of gas and shell, surmounted physical obstacles and graduated from Ohio State University in December, 1923. The first settlers came to East Union Township in 1809-10 and the township was formed in 1814. A brick house at Edinburg by Casper Langwell is said to have been the first hotel between Wooster and New Philadelphia. The postoffice was moved to Apple Creek after the coming of the C. A. & C. Herr Driesbach, who in 1854 wedded Sarah Walter of Wooster Township, and at the time of his death in December, 1877, was keeping hotel at Apple Creek, was a famous lion tamer whose life was full of thrilling adventure. Lee E. Messner is mayor of Apple Creek ; H. E. McCarthy, clerk. Superintendent of schools, East Union. Township, S. A. Stine ; principal, M. W. Hunter ; and there are eight other teachers at Apple Creek, also five teachers of rural schools in the township. Riceland, nine miles east of Wooster on the Lincoln Highway, and three miles south of Orrville, was founded after the World War by T. E. Rice, who established there a music store and various other lines of business. Here is an airport. Another village of the township is East Union. A quarter of a century ago there were seventeen flouring mills in Wayne County, but Studer Bros.' Apple Creek mill is now said to be the only flour mill in the county. SHREVE, CLINTON TOWNSHIP. On the Pennsylvania R. R. and state route 226, six and one-half miles southwest of Wooster, is the village of Shreve (population 1,103) . When, in 1811, Nathan G. Odell, farmer-miller, came to what in 1825 became Clinton Township, there was not a white inhabitant in the present township. He soon erected a grist mill. The first justice of the peace was James Priest. The first public road opened was one from Wooster to Loudonville. Near Craigton, on the CCC Highway, is the old Asa Eddy Inn, rich in history. Shreve was originally called Clinton Station. D. K. Jones was the first postmaster and Dr. W. Battles, the first physician. Shreve was incorporated in 1859 and V. D. Manson was the first mayor. 566 - HISTORY OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO Superintendent of Shreve schools, H. A. Fankhauser ; J. J. Weltmer, principal; and twelve other teachers are employed. There are four teachers of rural schools in the township. MT. EATON, PAINT TOWNSHIP. Mt. Eaton, Paint Township, in the southeast corner of Wayne County, now has a population of 171, but a century ago it was a flourishing community. It is on U. S. route 250, was laid out in 1813 as Paintville, its name changed in 1829 to Mt. Eaton. It had an iron foundry in 1827 and an Anti-Masonic paper was founded in 1827-28. It was hit by a disastrous epidemic of cholera in 1833, the same year that West Lebanon, three miles east of Mt. Eaton, was founded. The present mayor of Mt. Eaton is E. L. Graber. A. W. Ricksecker is superintendent of schools and there are six other teachers. Also, there are six rural teachers in the township. OTHER WAYNE COUNTY VILLAGES. Marshallville (population 324) is in Baughman and Chippewa townships. A. L. Reynolds is superintendent and Wilbur Erwin principal of the Baughman Township high school. There are two other teachers at Marshallville and ten rural schools in the township. The villages of New Pittsburg, Lattasburg, Overton and Cedar Valley are in Chester Township ; Moorland in Franklin Township; Blachleyville, Jefferson, Funk, Reedsburg, Millbrook, and Springville, in Plain Township ; and in Wayne Township, north of Wooster, is Madisonburg.