(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 84 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. CHAPTER XII. THE PRESS OF ROSS COUNTY. Nathaniel Willis One of the Adventurous Boston Tea Party, and Founder of The Scioto Gazette, in the First Year of the Century.— Judge Bailhache and other Editors of Early Times.—Robert Kercheral, John N. Pumroy, E. George Squier. the Poet, Otway Curry, Seneca W. Ely, and C. C. Allen.—The First Religious Journal in America.—The Rev. John Andrews.—History of The Advertiser and Predecessors. —The True Democrat and The Ancient Metropolis.— Ephemeral Publications.— The Jami-Jemshed. --An Agricultural Paper.—Temperance Journal—The Log Cabin Herald in the Harrison Campaign.—The Era of Dailies in Chillicothe.—Recent Newspapers.—The Register.—The Express.—History of the German Press.—Biographical Notes on Present Chillicothe Editors.—Bainbridge.—Adelphi. THE beginning of journalism in Chillicothe was made in the year 1800 by Nathaniel Willis, an old Boston printer, and the grandfather of the poet, N. P. Willis. He was born in Boston in 1755. It was among the memorabilia of his life that he was one of that adventurous tea party who in 1773 boarded the East India company's ship in Boston harbor, and threw overboard her cargo of tea to express their opinion of the tea tax. He was one of the proprietors of the Boston Independent Chronicle, a leading political paper, from 1776 to 1784. He removed from Boston to Virginia, where he established the Potomac Guardian, which he published several years at Martinsburg. Four years after the first settlement was made, Chillicothe contained the third paper pubhshed in the northwest territory, the first, The Sentinel having been established in Cincinnati, and the second in the same city. It is worthy of remark that Marietta which was settled in HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 85 1788, and by New England people, did not boast a newspaper until 1802. Frederic Hudson, in his article on Journalism, in Johnson's Encyclopedia, states that the Scioto Gazette was first published in 1796, doubtless obtaining his information from some early settlers' reminiscences. It is demonstrable that this was a mistake, for aside from the fact that it was in that year that the first few settlers arrived upon the site of Chillicothe, and that there existed no demand for a paper, and no means for the support of one, the files of the Gazette itself offer indisputable testimony that it was not started until 1800. In the Public library of Chillicothe is a bound file of Gazettes, once the property of Allen Latham, beginning with number one hundred and ten, and with the date Saturday, June 19, 1802, and extending to number one hundred and sixty-one, with the date of Saturday, June 25, 1803. At the foot of the middle column, right hand, inside page, date of April 23, 1803, is this item "This paper completes three years since the first publication." * * * * Volume IV was commenced April 3o, 1803, and hence volume I must have been started the last of April, or first of May, 1800. The old Gazette—of 18o2—which lies before the writer, is a four page, four column paper, bearing a German text heading, and printed with large type upon rough and heavy paper. Underneath the date is a line which reads, "NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY: Printed at the seat of government, CHILLICOTHE, by N. WILLIS, printer, to the honorable legislature." For the information of the people, whom the printer would have his patrons, it is stated that "The terms of subscription for this paper are two dollars and fifty cents per annum, one-half paid in advance, and the remainder at the end of six months." Upon the inside of the paper appears the stanza: "Here shall the press the people's rights maintain, Unaw'd by influence and unbrib'd by gain; Here patriot truth its glorious precepts draw, Pledg'd to religion, liberty and law." The different issues are largely occupied with long communications addressed to "Mr. Willis," "to the printer," or "to the electors of the Northwest Territory," and bearing the signatures of "Amicus Libertatis," "Philo Fair Play," "A Friend to Freedom," "Ulysses," "Old Settler and Plain Dealer," as well as the proper names of many of the prominent men in the west. All of the news matter from the east is several weeks old. The paper, of August 28, 1802, has news from Philadelphia, under date of July 3rd, and that of September 4th contains, as its latest piece of information, some maritime matter dated Boston, August 16th. The paper has a fair advertising patronage. The list of letters is much more voluminous than that which appears in the Chillicothe journals of 188o, for in it are advertised letters addressed to persons living anywhere within a hundred miles roundabout,—at Franklinton and the "mouth of the Scioto." When Ohio was constituted a State, the Gazette was filled with the legal and official documents of the time, the proceedings of the legislature and political communications. The early numbers of the paper contain but very little matter of a purely local interest, but, as was natural, considerable attention was paid to the publication of the news from Kentucky, from whence had emigrated a large proportion of the early settlers. Every page of the yellow and time-worn paper salutes the eye with the names of national and State dignitaries who have been dead for half a century, from Thomas Jefferson to the leading men of "old Ross." Following Willis, as editor of the Scioto Gazette, was one Richardson, who, after a short time, sold the paper to George Nashee and George Denny. P. Parcells and J. Barnes had also a short season of ownership, during the early years of the Gazette's history. Nashee, who was a native of Massachusetts, came to Ohio in 1807, and started, in company with Denny, in 1807, a Federalist paper, called The Supporter; a paper which was continued in Chillicothe until 182i, though by other parties. Nashee, after serving for some time in the mechanical department of the Gazette, was made State printer, and in 1825, he was one of the number who established, at Columbus, the State Journal. He died at the State capital, May 16, 1821, in his forty-first year. Joseph S. Collins, who subsequently removed to Washington, where he died, was the principal of this establishment when the war of 1812 began, and the leading writers (although annonymous) were James Foster and Carlos A. Norton. The chief executive officers of the State were believed at that time to lend their aid to the paper. Judge Bailhache (who was irreverently dubbed Mons. Belly-ache), a man of marked ability, became the owner and editor of the Gazette in 1815, buying it for the purpose of consolidating it with the .Eredonian, which he at that time owned, and had, doubtless, bought of Richardson. He remained at the head of the paper until February, 1828, a period of thirteen years, during which he exerted a large and good influence, and materially strengthened the Journal. He lived in the house now occupied by Samuel Pinto, upon the corner of Second and High streets. His writings had a peculiar flavor of originality, and were terse and vigorous. He was a man of good moral character, and of the strictest kind of professional conscientiousness. The motto which he placed at the head of the paper, was: "The time of life is short—to spend that shortness basely were too long." Judge Bailhache, upon removing from Chillicothe, turned his face to the then far west, and finally settled in Alton, Illinois, where, for many years he published a paper called the Telegraph. In this paper, and in the month of September, 1845, appeared a reminiscence of the Scioto Gazette, which was published in the latter paper. One passage in the article read as follows: “In its political course it (the Cazette) has been uniformly firm and consistent. Ushered into existence when the Federal and Democratic parties were fiercely contending for the supremacy, it unhesitatingly arrayed itself upon the .side of the latter, and gave a zealous and energetic support to the administration of Jefferson, Madison and Monroe, from 1801 to 1825, heartily advocated the election of Henry Clay to the presidency in 1824, 1832 and 1844, rigorously sustained the administration of John Quincy Adams, and contributed largely to give the electoral vote of Ohio to the lamented Harrison, in 1836 and 1840. In the same article the writer spoke of the Gazette as 86 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. being "the splendid example of sturdy growth from a small beginning," and gave, briefly, the facts concerning his own purchase of the property, and its ownership in 1812. Judge Bailhache died in Alton, Illinois, in 1857. He was a native of the Island of Jersey. Robert Kercheral succeeded Judge Bailhache as the proprietor of the paper, February 28, 1828, and conducted it for five years, very ably, and in a manner which brought no reproach upon the motto at the paper's bead: " Verite sans Peur"—Truth without Fear.—During his stay in Chillicothe he lived upon what has of late years been known as the Householder property, across the alley from the McClure house. He married a daughter of Governor McArthur. On the seventeenth of April, 1833, John N. Pumroy, a dapper, energetic and eccentric little Yankee (who had some time before cone from the east, and been placed in charge of the Female seminary), bought out Mr. Kercheval, and installed himself as editor of the Gazette. His name appeared in connection with that of J. L. Taylor, but for some, now unknown, reason, the partner soon relinguished his interest, and Pumroy managed the paper alone. He made an attack upon the late Governor Allen, when he was a candidate for a seat in congress, and applied to him the name of "Gong" which has frequently appeared in newspapers of a later day. Pumroy exhibited many fine traits of character and considerable ability, but certain very marked peculiarities foreshadowed his fate. Before he had severed his connection with the Gazette and Chillicothe, he became insane, and was taken to an asylum where he died not very long afterward. His successor was Dr. Benjamin 0. Carpenter, who took possession of the office and paper April 23, 1834, issuing the paper under his own name, and that of W. C. Howells, who was designated as "Printer." Dr. Carpenter has been described as "a man of considerable mind, but a wonderfully gassy fellow, and apparently of a rather wild and flighty disposition." On taking charge of the paper, he announced in his salutatory that " wishing the name to correspond with the character" he "had taken the liberty to add, and Independent Whig to the venerable cognomen The Scioto Gazette." Seneca W. Ely's connection with this journal began April 22, 1835, after Dr. Carpenter had been its editor for just one year. For about twenty years, though, with slight interruption, Mr. Ely was editor of the Gazette, and it was under his charge it obtained its first pronounced success and earliest condition of flourishing prosperity. It became known by cause of Mr. Ely's able editorship as one of the foremost papers of the State. It was announced in the issue of December 21, 1837, that C. A. B. Coffroth had entered into partnership with Mr. Ely, but that gentleman's connection with the paper seems- to have been brief and merely nominal. William C. Jones became a partner November t, 1839, and remained associated with Mr. Ely until December 17, 1840. C. C. Allen superceded Mr. Ely as owner of the Gazette December 21, 1843, the latter gentleman being in ill health and anxious to secure a partial release from the responsibility that devolved upon him. He retained his place, however, as editor of the sheet until January 23, 1845, when he withdrew from the establishment altogether. Mr. Allen still retained possession of the Gazette, with the talented E. George Squier as editor. He remained in connection with the paper only until December 16, 1846, being absorbed in the fascinating study of American antiquities, and especially the remains of the semi-civilization of the Mound Builders. The result of this study, the magnificent publication, under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institute, known as "The Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley," is familiar to cultured people in all parts of the country, and though more than thirty years have elapsed since its issue from the press, it is still the standard authority upon the branch of archaeology of which it treats. Mr. Squier was, conjointly with Dr. E. H. Davis, the author of this work, and many of the researches which contributed to its value were made by them in the immediate vicinity of Chillicothe. After leaving Chillicothe, Mr. Squier explored Central America, the. Andes and the Amazon, was a prolific writer for the press, and made many and valuable contributions to scientific knowledge. Later he became editor of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly. His wife obtained a divorce from him in order to wed her husband's employer, and Mr. Squier's splendid career came to a melancholy close in the mad house. Seneca W. Ely and C. C. Allen formed a partnership in January, 1847, and published the Gazette under their firm name October 31, 1849, when W. Rufus Looker was taken into the firm. He was not prominent in the management, and did not long remain in the partnership. As Mr. Ely and Mr. Allen were so long connected with the Gazette, and so extensively known in Ross county, it may not be out of place to give a few facts in regard to the life of each, and though a digression from the press history proper, we are sure that such notice cannot fail to be prized by all readers who were familiar with either of the men. Seneca W. Ely was a native of eastern Pennsylvania, of Quaker parentage and education. He learned the printer's trade in Rochester, New York. He was for a time in Philadelphia, and came from there to Chillicothe. He entered into his work upon the Gazette with great spirit, and although at first ignorant of the status of the local political parties, he soon became familiar with all the matters of which he had to deal, and he maintained the position of the paper as a leader of public opinion. During the long period, the Gazette, under Ely's guidance, was the advocate of all the important projects of local improvement, in which his town and county were concerned, including the system of turnpikes, which was inaugurated in Ross county soon after he became a citizen. In fact, when he began the publication, there was not even a turnpike in the county. His first issue of the paper contained an article urging the construction of the Milford and Chillicothe turnpike, written by the late Joesph Sill, esq., and editorially endorsed. Mr. Ely was an early and original advocate of the building of the HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 87 Marietta and Cincinnati railroad. He was one of twenty who subscribed one thousand dollars each, to make a reconnoissance of the line, in the first place, and, becoming secretary of the board of trustees, he risked a competency in the construction of the road, and involved himself in debts which consumed his earnings for several years after his disconnection with the work. As a contemporary of Madeira, Hegler, Cook, and other promoters of this great railway, the files of this paper bear abundant evidence of his participation in every improvement, and his aid in the establishment of every laudable institution proposed during his long term of service upon the paper—a term longer than of any other individual ever connected with it. Every public measure, designed to benefit the town or county of his residence, was supported with his best endeavors. Though solicited, on one occasion, by the Whigs of Scott and Lawrence counties, to stand for nomination to congress, in his district, and on another to represent his county in the State senate, he invariably declined a canvass, urging personal friends to accept the posts. Having been an original proponent of General Zachary Taylor for the presidency, on the election of that veteran soldier, Mr. Ely was proposed, by many of his friends, as United States charge to Sardinia; but, from business and domestic considerations, he accepted the office of receiver of public moneys at the Chillicothe land office, holding the place during Mr. Filmore's administration. One of the last acts of President Filmore, the day before retiring from office, was to nominate Mr. Ely to the senate, as purser in the navy, an honor which was gratefully declined, for reasons just mentioned. The place was accepted by Mr. T. H. Looker, who is now a veteran officer, residing in Baltimore. Mr. Ely served several terms in the city council of Chillicothe, being president of that body to the time of his removal from the city. When the Ohio poet, Otway Curry, purchased the Gazette establishment of Ely, Allen & Looker, the former, being detained some time at his old place of residence, secured Mr. Ely's services in the conduct of the paper (pro tempore), but on the advent of Messrs. Baker & Miller, he became finally disconnected with it, and, in July, 1859, he removed with his family to Cincinnati, and became custodian of the funds which a Philadelphia company had subscribed towards constructing the first two street railroads in that city. When the war broke out, Mr. Ely's feelings were strangely enlisted upon the side of the Union. Exempt from military service by age, and constrained from it by family duties, Mr. Ely, nevertheless, aided the country's cause by all means in his power. When Cincinnati was threatened, he entered, as a private, the First regiment of the Fourteenth ward of that city; and, after the retirement of Kirby Smith, he surrendered his civil duties to other hands, and served at the west, a long time, as an officer of the sanitary commission. For six months he was devoted to the work of the Mississippi Valley Sanitary fair, at St. Louis, in the capacity of secretary of the finance committee, and principal correspondent for that beneficent institution. Returning to Ohio, his services, as field geologist, were engaged by a mining and petroleum company in east Tennessee, and he accordingly spent some time on the Cumberland Mountain plateau. While thus employed, he co-operated with General John 'T. Wilder in making a reconnoissance of the line afterwards adopted for the Cincinnati Southern railroad, and made the first map of the route, as now followed. In the spring of 1866, Mr. Ely and immediate family removed to Baltimore, Maryland, where he remained three years in manufacturing operations, which were distasteful to him, and, consequently, unprofitable. Though an eastern man by nativity, his tastes and habits all prompted him to love the west, where he had been twice married, and where two of his children were buried. Therefore, in 1859, he again returned to Cincinnati. After a geological tour of eastern Missouri, Mr. Ely returned to Ohio, and soon after, at the instance of some enterprising citizens of Covington, Miami county, he founded the Stillwater Valley Gazette, as an independent local newspaper. It was his intention to tarry at Covington but a short space, but he became so engaged with the journal—which was liberally sustained, considering its narrow circulation—that he remained there fully four years. At the end of that period, he became connected with a friend from Cincinnati, and purchased the Circleville Union (originally Circleville Herald), the Republican paper of Pickaway county, which he had known and read when edited by his old co-laborer, William B. Thrall, one of Ohio's pioneer journalists. But the political influences of that locality were distasteful to the former Whig champion, and so the firm sold the Union, and the subject of our sketch at once entered the Cincinnati Gazette office, and, for more than two years, he has filled the part of agricultural editor of that widely- circulating journal. The late C. C. Allen, who was associated with Mr. Ely in the ownership of the Gazette, was, for many years, a resident of Chillicothe, and was known as one of its most worthy and exemplary citizens. He was born in Rhode Island in 1814, passed his youth in Batavia, New York, and there learned the trade of a practical printer. He came to Chillicothe in 184o, and took a situation "at the case " in the Gazette office, but soon after went to Columbus. After a short stay there, he returned to Chillicothe and started the Intelligencer, which he published for two years. In 1843 he united his interests with Mr. Ely, and became joint proprietor of the Gazette. He had charge of the mechanical department, but also wrote considerable matter for the paper. After dissolving his connection with this paper and the newspaper business, he was in the hardware business for a number of years. He took but little part in public affairs or politics, but was prominently mentioned for the office of State treasurer in 1857. Mr. Allen died, after a short illness, July r t, 1858. He was married in 1841 to Mary, daughter of James English, who survives her husband, and now lives at Mr. Allen's old home, on Second street. 88 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Ely & Allen remained in charge of the Gazette until March, 1853, when they sold out to one of the greatest geniuses and most famous men ever connected with Chillicothe journalism—the poet, Otway Curry. He remained in the position of editor and proprietor only one year, but during that short period conducted the paper with signal though peculiar ability. Mr. Curry's chief characteristics were earnestness, simplicity and a quality, both in habit and in writing, which appeared to all, except those who were intimate acquaintances, like austerity. To his close friends he was confiding, fervent, and at times even vehement, occasionally humorous, but always genial, always reverent. He was a man of unblemished moral character, and extremely conscientious in all of the affairs of life as well as in his journalistic capacity. Although several years an editor and figuring to some extent in State politics, and public life, being a member of the second constitutional convention, and twice elected to the legislature, Mr. Curry's fame rested principally upon his poetical productions, most of which first appeared in the Cincinnati press, and the best of which have been reproduced in William T. Coggeshall's "Poets and Poetry of the West," which contains also an extended biography of Mr. Curry by his friend, Edward Thompson. Otway Curry was born in Highland county, March 26, 1804, on the site of Greenfield, his father, James Curry, having been one of the early settlers of that part of the country. In 1811 the family removed to Darby creek, Union county, where the boyhood of Otway was passed. He first appeared in public life as a member of the legislature of 1836, and two years later, became associated with Mr. Gallagher in the editorship of the Hesperi an at Columbus. In 1842 he was again elected to the legislature, and upon the close of his services, he purchased the Green County Torchlight which he edited for two years. He then removed to Marysville, and entered upon the study and practice of law. He came from there to Chillicothe in 1853, and upon closing his connection with the Gazette, returned to Marysville. While editor of the Gazette, January, 1854, he was president of the Ohio Editorial convention at Cincinnati. He died February 17, 1855, —less than a year from the time he left Chillicothe. The Currys were of Scotch descent, and had a strain of the blood of Robert Burns. Mr. Curry's successors were J. H. Baker and A. P. Miller, who took charge of the paper March 27, 1854. Baker was the editor, and a very fair one. Miller wrote some matter, and had especial charge of the mechanical department. On the twentieth of July, 1858, Mr. Baker went out of the firm, and soon after went to the west, locating in Minnesota, where he entered public life and led quite a successful career, holding, among other prominent positions in the gift of the people, that of secretary of state. Miller conducted the paper alone until May 29, 1866, when he sold out to Captain Thomas D. Fitch, and went to Columbus, where he became connected with the State Journal. Captain Fitch, after a little more than three months' experience in the sole responsibility, took as a partner his brother, S. A. Fitch. These partners and brothers were known by the appellations of "Black Fitch" and "Red Fitch," one being very dark and the other—well—red. J. R. S. Bond succeeded the Fitches, and, later, the firm became Bond & Son. This firm gave place to H. R. W. Smith & Bond. Mr. Smith, at present the ingenious " head-liner," or "capper," of the Cincinnati Enquirer, did not long remain upon the paper, and it came again into the possession of Bond & Son, who retained control until August 12, 1874, when it was purchased by the present proprietors, John T. Raper and George L. Wolfe. This paper is in hands which will not allow it to sink from the high plane in which it has moved onward. It is published from one of the largest and best appointed offices in the State. Its Christmas issue for 1879, probably the largest single sheet newspaper ever published in the country, was largely filled with matter relating to the business interests of Chillicothe, and the inducements which she holds forth to capital and industry. Its press has always been warm, strong and unwavering in its championship of the interests of the city and county, and the immense issue of the paper was a fine example of that championship. The Weekly Record was one of the early publications in Chillicothe, and one to which a wide interest has attached, because it was the first religious newspaper in America. This may seem, at first thought, a strange and strong expression, but it is, nevertheless, one which is supported by the very best of authority. The late Frederic Hudson, for many years manager of the New York Herald, and, at his death, one of the ablest as well as the oldest newspaper man in the country—one who made an especial study of the history of the press, and wrote a large volume upon the subject, says, in an elaborate article in " Johnson's Encyclopedia :" "While party spirit prevailed in journalism, class papers began to make their appearance. The pioneers of these were the religious press, and the first made its appearance in 1814-16. The Rev. John Andrews established, in Chillicothe, Ohio, the first religious newspaper in America. It was entitled The Recorder, and its initial number was issued in 1814. Nathaniel Willis thought and talked much of such an enterprise in Portland, Maine, in 1808, but did not receive sufficient encouragement to carry out his plan, until 1816. On January 3d, of that year, he issued the first number of the Boston Recorder, and now the Nation is full of religious newspapers." Copies of this old paper, which were originally the property of Governor Worthington (and one of which still bears, in faded ink, his address), shows that the Weekly Recorder was first issued early in June, 1814. Its publication was continued until 1822. It was a small eight-page paper, the printed surface of each page being about eight by ten inches, and was printed every 'Thursday, the terms of subscription being two dollars per annum. It was devoted to the discrimination of local as well as general religious news, and aimed at the improvement of morals, by encouraging organized effort. Its motto was "Righteousness exalteth a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people." Dr. McAdow says of the editor: " He was a Presbyterian preacher, having a number of charges under his care, and a man of fine abilities. He derived little or no income from his ministerial duties, and must have made enough from his HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 89 paper to sustain his large family, and to build a brick house on Main street." The printing-office of this pioneer religious press in America, was a log building which stood where Judge McCoy's house now is, on Main street. That the first religious paper in the United States should have been established in a small and new village, of an undeveloped western State, instead of in some one of the old and large towns of the coast, improbable as it may seem at first thought, was, notwithstanding, the fact. In the early spring of 1824, the eccentric Caleb Atwater, of Circleville, came to Chillicothe and established a little paper, which he called the Friend of Freedom. Mr. Atwater was a man of culture and genius, with a strong taste for the study of history, antiquities, archaeology, natural history, and many other sciences, but he was not a suitable man to edit a newspaper, as was conclusively shown by the short life of the Friend of Freedom and the appearance of the few numbers that were issued. He filled the papers full of valuable information, but with matter that was not interesting to the great majority of the people, and the result was what might have been expected. Judge Bailhache, of the Gazette, made a fierce onslaught upon the new candidate for public favor, and accelerated its demise. Only four or five numbers were published. Immediately after the career of Caleb Atwater's little paper was closed, James Allen, a half brother of the late William Allen, started the Chillicothe Times, and supported John Quincy Adams for the presidency. William Allen, at that time, was an Adams man, or, if not unqualifiedly endorsing him, had at least a leaning that way. The first number of this paper was issued April 5, 1824. This paper had a life of about two years' duration, and one Scott was, during a portion of that time, associated with Allen in its ownership. Some time in 1826, Allen Latham bought the material with which the Times had been published and started the Chilli cothean, a Jackson paper, placing at its head as editor Major Amos Holton, a large, portly man and great gourmand, who from his inordinate admiration and keen appreciation of juicy steaks was called "the beef major." The paper, after about two years had passed, was suspended and the Ohioan came into being as its successor. Major Holton was its editor and proprietor. He had talents, but not dollars, and the result was that his enterprise did not prove a great success. It was only a few months before the Ohthan passed over to the "silent majority" of defunct newspapers, and its editor not long after removed to Missouri, where he died a number of years later. The Ohioan in June, 1829, bore as an addition to its original title, the words, and Chillicothe Advertiser probably the first appearance of that now well known name in Chillicothe journalism, Upon the discontinuance of the Ohioan, Wilson Cook, early in 183o, started the Chillicothe Evening Post. In the spring of 1831, J. C. Melcher became the editor, and Allen Latham was pecuniarily interested in the paper. Melcher, in the fall of 1833, while engaged in a political discussion with Jonathan F. Woodside, became greatly enraged, and drawing a knife, inflicted a severe wound upon the latter's wrist —a wound from which he never fully recovered. Melcher was arrested, tried, convicted, and sent to the State's prison for a term of three years. John Hough then became the owner of the paper, and issued it under the name of the Advertiser, as something of the odium associated with Melcher's crime was supposed to attach to the paper of which he had been the editor. Hough edited the paper alone and with much ability, and attendant pecuniary success, until 1840, when ne associated with himself Dr. Clement W. Pine, an Englishman, of wide information, and great force as a writer. The two remained in partnership for some time, and then Pine conducted the paper alone until Samuel W. Halsey (father of Calista Halsey, of Cincinnati), took charge of the office. Halsey was an able editor, but was lacking in business knowledge and tact. He retired, in 1852, and the business was managed, for a year or two, by his brother-in-law, Addison Buckwalter, until Eshelman & Ballmeyer bought the office. Ballmeyer, not long after, retired from the partnership and went to Dayton, where he became connected with the Empire. During a fierce political quarrel in that city, he was shot and killed. Eshelman edited the paper twelve years, leaving, in 1865, and going to Wooster, Ohio, where he has since had charge of the Wayne County Democrat, and from which place he was sent to the legislature. He exhibited finer qualities as editor than as business manager. After his departure, the Advertiser passed into the hands of the Honorable James Emmitt, of Waverly, and was published under the management of Wilkinson & Carrille, with Sam Pike as editor. This arrangement continued until Captain John Putnam, upon retiring from the legislature, took charge of the paper for Mr. Emmitt. He brought much ability to the sanctum of the Advertiser, and brought about a condition of prosperity greater than the paper had ever before enjoyed. Captain Putnam relinquished his position to enter the service of the State, as private secretay to Governor Allen, and the Advertiser passed into the hands of S. L. Everett, who, however, retained possession but a short time. The paper passed again into the hands of its former proprietor, and then, for a few months, was conducted by Kilvert & Mayo, the latter doing most of the editorial work. After this firm had found that they could not make a sufficient profit from the paper, they allowed it to revert again to Captain Putnam, who managed it until W. R. Brownlee came into possession. He was succeeded, October zo, 1877, by the present proprietor, John Wiseman. Several campaign papers have been published in Chillicothe, among them The Log Cabin Herald, printed at the Gazette office in 184o (during the Harrison campaign) under the patronage of a committee consisting of Daniel Ott, John McFarland, Alexander W. McCoy, Robert Bethel], Peter Douglas, John Madeira, John Liggett, James Ryan, and Seneca W. Ely. The Fountain, a small temperance paper, was published for a short time by Ely & Allen, of the Gazette. The Budget of Fun was printed at the Advertiser office for a few months, about 184o, its editor being James Laird. 12 90 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. The Chillicothe Intellzgencer was first issued December 6, 1842, by C. C. Allen. It was a five-column paper, of fine appearance, and was issued as a semi-weekly and a weekly, for just one year, being suspended after the issue of December 8, 1843, when its editor went into partnership with Mr. Ely, as publisher of the Gazette. The True Democrat was started August 2, 1843, with Charles 0. Joline as editor, George Armstrong as publisher, and Allen Latham as reserve power and man of influence. At that time the Democratic party was divided upon the currency question, and the Advertiser was strongly supporting the Jacksonian doctrine of hard money. The True Democrat took up the other side of the question, and very naturally the Advertiser editors (Hough and Pine) resenting the appearance of a new paper, in the interests of one faction of the party of which thier journal was the organ, assailed the True Democrat as soon as it came into existence, accusing it, among other things, of learning toward Whiggery and Tylerism. An orthodox newspaper war ensued, which like many of the later day controversies between rival papers was of comparatively little interest, except to the editors themselves. The editor whose name appeared at the head of the first number, and who was familiarly called "Little Joline," sank from his prominent position into comparative obscurity, so far as the publicity of his name was concerned, and the sixth number of the True Democrat bore the name of George Armstrong as editor and proprietor. The paper was suspended after two years' publication, and the Ancient Metropolis immediately took its place in Chillicothe journalism, appearing in August, 1845. The names at its column head were those of George Armstrong and P. W. Bates, but the latter had comparatively little to do with the new aspirant for public favor, and after a short period had elapsed, his name disappeared. The paper was conducted by Mr. Armstrong as a neutral sheet, was edited in an able and dignified, yet sprightly, manner, and drew to its support a large and very respectable element of society. A daily edition of this paper was put forth October 10, 1849, under the name of the Daily Evening Dispatch, which was changed a month later, when the experiment had been proved a success, to the more appropriate one of the Daily Ancient Metropolis. This little daily had four long three column pages, and received most of its news "By Lightning" from the Ohio State journal of Columbus. It was enlarged several times in 1849-50, and at the close of the latter year presented an appearance which indicated a fair degree of prosperity. The publication office was on the south side of Main street, near Paint. Colonel William E. Gilmore bought out Mr. Armstrong in 1854, and issued the Ancient Metropolis, until 1857, infusing much life into the sheet, and building up a larger patronage than it had ever before enjoyed. He published a weekly edition, a tri-weekly, and a daily, and the latter had a circulation of six hundred copies, while the subscription list to the weekly was much larger. Financially, however, the publishing business was not profitable to the lawyer-editor, and he discovered that with the then prevailing high price for material and work, and the low rates of subscription, the increase in circulation was an exact index of the amount of his loss. To use Colonel Gilmore's own language, he "entered the business by mistake, and went out by design." But though the paper proved unprofitable to its proprietor, he was valuable to the paper, because of bringing it into prominence, and giving it a stable, dignified position. Colonel Gilmore sold out in 1857, to John Hanna, who, in turn, sold the paper to Charles Wilkinson and L. E. Hitchcock, who, after publishing it for three months, turned it over to John Pepper. He was the last owner of the paper. Its decline becoming apparent, and its ultimate death being looked upon as only a matter of time, it was merged with the Gazette, or rather its material— there was nothing else was transferred to the office of that paper. Before the completion of the Marietta and Cincinnati railroad, the Scioto Gazette and the Chillicothe Advertiser, as well as the Ancient Metropolis, were published as dailies, and they were conducted with much ability and spirit, though never with immense profit. The completion of the railroad, however, opened this part of the country to powerful rivals the Cincinnati dailies—with which the publishers of the Gazette, Advertiser and Ancient Metropolis found they could not successfully compete, and hence, confined their efforts to the production of good weekly editions of their several papers. The oddest name which ever appeared at the head of a Chillicothe paper, was the jami-Jemshed. Such was the powerful and not inappropriate name of a small paper, of which a few numbers were issued, after the suspension of the Ancient Metropolis. The " Jami-Jemshed, in Oriental legend, was a magical stone or glass into which one might look and witness the occurrences in any part of the world. The Ross County Register was ushered into existence August 24, 1869, by Charles Wilkinson and Fletcher E. Armstrong. Although a comparatively young paper, the Register has filled an important place in the journalism of Ross county and southern Ohio. Its advent marked a new departure in the conduct of the Chillicothe press, and one which was a decided improvement—the more thorough and stirring treatment of matters of local importance. The paper was lively, entertaining and able. It arrived at popularity, not by slow, toilsome advance, but with a bound, and ever after steadily maintained the position which it so suddenly secured. Several very clever editorial devices aided in bringing the Register into prominence at the very start, among them the several series of very valuable papers on pioneer history, reminiscences of the early bar, of the old-time churches of Chillicothe, the beginning of mercantile business and manufacturing, with contributions from a dozen sources on other topics. This journal was, during Mr. Wilkinson's connection with it, an independent paper, but upon his retirement from the firm, Mr. Armstrong made the Register an out and out Republican newspaper, an important factor in the discipline of the party, and a strong factor in local politics. He was the sole editor of the Register until May r, 1876, when George H. Tyler be- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 91 came associated with him as a partner. By this firm the paper was owned and conducted until the sudden and untimely death of the senior proprietor, on the morning of January 21, 1880, The Rural Buckeye was an agricultural paper, published semi-monthly, in 1868, by Major Sam. L. Leffingwell. It was a class paper of much merit, and deserved a greater success and longer life than it secured, Its publication was suspended in the same year that it was first issued. The Weekly Sentinel was established in March, 1871, as an independent paper, and devoted principally to local affairs. Charles Wilkinson was the proprietor. Only a few numbers were issued. December 8, 1871, John P. Burns issued the first number of the Scioto Valley Post, continuing its publication until July 26, 1876, when he sold it to W. R. Brownlee, who merged it with the Advertiser. The Express was established September 6, 1878, by John P. Burns, as an organ of the National or " Greenback" party. On February 14, 1879, the paper passed into the hands of the National Express Publishing Company, and was, for a time, issued under the charge of Lieutenant Nicholas McGirr, Mr, Burns having withdrawn. On the Fourth of July, the Express passed into the ownership of another company, and was, from that time, managed by Major Sam. L, Leffingwell, who, on October 21, 1879, became "the sole and responsible editor," and made a change in the political complexion of the sheet, announcing in his first issue after assuming proprietorship, that "In principles, it will be earnestly, honestly, decidedly and emphatically Democratic." The German press was first represented at Chillicothe by The Ohio Correspondent, which was started in 1851 by William Raine. In 1854 this paper was discontinued, and, in the following year, George Feuchtinger, now of the Portsmouth Correspondent, published a paper by the name of The Chillicothe Anzeiger. In 1857 Richard Bauer succeeded to the proprietorship and changed the name of the paper to The Chillicothe Wochenblatt. He edited the paper until the breaking out of the war, when he sold out to Lieutenant Burkley, who again changed the name of the paper to The Anzeiger, Bauer went to Dayton and started a paper in that city, but subsequently enlisted in the army, and was killed in battle. Mr. Burkley conducted the paper from 1861 to 1864, when he sold out to Mr, Niesen. The paper continued in existence but a short time after that, passing from the last named gentleman to Mr. Arnold, and from him into the possession of Heinsinger & Musacus, who were its last owners, Chillicothe was then without a German newspaper until 187o, when B. Fromm came, up from Portsmouth and established The Unsere Zeit. This paper has ever since issued as an independent newspaper, devoted to the interests of Chillicothe and the surrounding country, It is ably edited, handsomely printed, and in a very prosperous condition. BAINBRIDGE. The Ohio Spectator and Paint Valley Register was first issued in Bainbridge on the third Saturday of January, 1846, by Samuel P. Drake, now of Portsmouth. It was of Whig proclivities, well edited and neatly printed for the time, seven columns in size. (In one of the early numbers of this paper was chronicled the interesting fact of the marriage of a man, ninety-one years of age, to a woman who was one hundred and one, after an engagement of sixty-five years). Mr. Drake removed his press and material ro Portsmouth in the fall of 1848, and there published for several years the Blade. Early in August, Mrs. M. J. Adams removed a printing office, of which she was owner, from Leesburg, Highland county, to Bainbridge, and on the twelfth of that month issued the first number of the Paint Valley Times, It was a six-column paper, printed entirely at home, and in a very creditable manner. Mrs. Adams was an able, industrious, energetic woman, who toiled hard to make a living for herself and family. Her paper met with success upon the start, but suffered through the general depression of business that followed the panic of 1873, and from that time until the publication was suspended, she had a hard time of it. She removed the office to Belpre, Ohio, in January, 1876, and there established the News, which she published until her death in 1878, which was, doubtless, hastened by want of the comforts of life. Mr. Adolph Voight, in August, 1878, moved his press and printing material from Mount Sterling to Bainbridge, and on the seventh of September, of the same year, issued the first number of the Bainbridge Chronicle, a seven-column weekly, which he has since edited with ability, and much to the advantage of the surrounding country, to the interests of which it has been earnestly devoted. It met with success from the first, and now has a circulation of six hundred. It is neutral in politics. ADELPHI. In the month of December, 1878, D. F. Shriner made the necessary arrangements to start a weekly local paper in Adelphi, and on the third of January, 1879, the first number of the Adelphi Border News made its appearance. About the last of the month Mr. Shriner took Irwin Haynes into partnership with him, as publisher, and about the first of May, Webster Thomas bought out the interest of Mr. Haynes, the firm then taking the name of "Shriner & Thomas, editors and publishers." This firm continued the publication of the paper up to the first of September, 1879, when Mr. Thomas bought the interest of Mr. Shriner, and took into partnership his son, William S. Thomas, under the firm name of Webster Thomas & Son. This firm is still publishing the Border News, and has given it a very fair circulation. BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CAPTAIN JOHN T. RAPER, of the firm of Raper & Wolfe, proprietors and editors of the Scioto Gazette, is a native of Chillicothe, and has been for quite a number of years connected with its interests. Ile went into the army as a private in company B, of the Twenty-sixth 0. V. I., (the company known as the "Fullerton Rifles ") and saw hard service with that organization through almost the whole duration of the dark days of the Rebellion. After the regiment was mustered out he was made an officer of the Freedmen's Bureau, and located in south- 92 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. western Texas, with headquarters at Columbus, in that State. After the war he accepted the position of local editor of the Gazette, under the Fitches,who were then its proprietors. After remaining for a time in that position, he bought the McArthur (Ohio) Record, which he conducted with marked ability and a fair degree of financial success, until 1874, when he became associated with Mr. Wolfe in the ownership of the Gazette. The Record, at the time Mr. Raper bought it, was a Democratic paper, but was converted by him into a Republican journal, as his sympathies were with that party. GEORGE L. WOLFE, of the Gazette, born in August, 1833, upon the Cob, in Chillicothe, where he now resides, was the son of Jacob and Caroline Wolfe, both old settlers. He was, in his early years, associated with his father in the grocery and pottery manufacturing business, and engaged in book-keeping. He was a member of the Ohio National guards when the war broke out, and when there was a call for the members of that organization to take the field, he went with the One Hundred and Forty-ninth regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, into the Shenandoah valley, and remained in the service four months. As is well known, many of the men who answered that call were put at the most dangerous posts, along side of old soldiers, and they were not found lacking in the elements that constituted the reliable soldiery. On his return from military service, Mr. Wolfe engaged in business in Chillicothe, and in 1874 became one of the proprietors of the Gazette, which paper Captain Raper and himself had endeavored to purchase two years before. In 1871 Mr. Wolfe had thrust upon him, by the Republicans, the nomination for city civil engineer, and entering, though reluctantly, upon a canvass in which he was personally almost entirely inactive, was elected by a majority of nearly four hundred votes. Hecarried every ward in the city, against a prominent Democratic nominee. His candidacy and election were the entering wedge of Republican success in municipal politics. He was re-elected to the office and held it when he began his newspaper career as joint owner of the Gazette. FLETCHER EDWARD ARMSTRONG, founder, and for nearly twelve years editor, of the Ross County Register, six years as sole conducter, and six as senior partner, died January 21, 188o, during the preparation of this work. It would be the sheerest ingratitude and impropriety for the writer (who knew him personally, and entertained toward him the warmest friendship and admiration) to fail in according to him the recognition that his long and arduous services as a journalist demand, and that his worth deserves. It is fitting, too, that something of his memory be preserved, and a tribute, poor though it is, paid to him in the pages of this book, in the inception of which he took so keen and kindly an interest. Captain Armstrong was a man of peculiar journalistic ability, and he did much to advance the condition of the Chillicothe press. He was a vigorous, incisive writer, who left no doubt as to the meaning of his editorials, facile and fluent in expression, and caustic wit, most commonly exhibited in epigramatical paragraphs of peculiar pungency and unmistakable point. His style was concise and clear, and yet did not lack ornament or grace. It had, in fact, a rich and racy picturesqueness that was unique and individual, expressive of the mentality of the man. With marked ability, as a writer and journalist, the subject of this sketch possessed the qualities of a radical independence of character, fearlessness and the desire for an intense and constant activity. With these characteristics it was only natural that his taste should have been as it was, for the open, direct and forcibly aggressive style in journalism. Such was the policy that he ever pursued, and with what success all Ross county people are well aware. It was a line of policy which could not fail to make for the editor enemies, but it is believed that toward the man, there was little else than kindly feeling entertained, even by those who had been the victims of his few thrusts. Personally, he was the genial gentleman, warm hearted and generous, the unostentatious doer of many good deeds, and the possessor of many worthy, manly qualities, which more than made amends for his follies, and will be remembered when they are forgotten. Follies he had--or call them faults, who will—hut they were follies of which he himself experienced nearly all of the resulting evil, while his virtues were those which redounded chiefly to the good of others. The last work that the late Mr. Armstrong performed upon the Register, was reading the outside of the sheet which came from the press on Tuesday afternoon. Little did he think that when the inside pages of that paper were printed they would bear the impress of the reversed column rules, in mourning for him. Yet such was the fact. He died the following morning, from an overdose of that treacherous drug, hydrate of chloral, and the same paper which sparkled with his last writings, contained his obituary. In that issue—January 24, 1880 —was given an outline of the deceased editor's life, from which we condense the following facts: Fletcher Edward Armstrong was born in Chillicothe January 8, 1840, being the eighth child of George and Malinda Armstrong. After closing his school days in his native place, he went to Burlington, Iowa, where he learned, at the Hawkeye, the printers' trade, soon winning promotion, however, to the editorial staff, upon which he served until 1859, when he came back home, and, for a short time, was engaged as a compositor on the Gazette. The next year he went to Cincinnati, and accepted a position as foreman of the daily Cincinnati Law Bulletin. The Bulletin failing to be a financial success, he again returned to the Gazette office in Chillicothe, and was working when Sumter was fired on. He immediately threw up his situation and enlisted in the first company organized here, under the command of Colonel William E. Gilmore. The company was assigned to the Twenty-second regiment Ohio volunteers, and was employed, during his three months of service, in guarding the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. In September, after his muster out of the three months' service, he started, in company with D. W. Montgomery of Chillicothe, to enlist in company B, Twenty-sixth Ohio infantry, then in the Kanawha valley. On the way to Cincinnati, they met and got acquainted with Lieutenant Frank C. Sands and Charles Rhodes, of Jackson, who induced them to change their minds and enlist in the Eleventh Ohio independent battery of flying artillery, then being recruited at St. Louis, and attached to General Fremont's body guard. The battery was in nineteen engagements during its term of service, in all of which Captain Armstrong took part, and bore himself with conspicuous bravery, and fairly and fearlessly won his several promotions. Enlisting as a private in September, he was selected as one of the non-commissioned officers, and served as such until November, 1862, when he was commissioned as second lieutenant. April to, 1863, he was promoted to first lieutenant, and July 12, 1864, to the captaincy. At the siege of Vicksburgh Captain Armstrong, then a lieutenant in command of the battery, had the distinguished honor of firing the first shot at the doomed city, one shot from his battery being the signal for the Union lines to close in from Yazoo above to Warrington below the city. At Iuka he was wounded three times—in the left hand, wrist, and groin. Interesting incidents of his army life might be related. That he was a brave, valiant, intelligent soldier, is unquestioned. It was no small achievement to have entered that battery a stranger, knowing but one man in it, the others being knit to each other by ties that were formed in childhood, and, in a short time, through his great, genial heart, winning their affection, waile by his soldierly qualities he became their trusted commander. No man in the battery had more warm personal friends than its commander, and the affection was heartily returned. Mustered out of service November 5, 1864, by reason of the expiration of his term of service, and having spent over three and a half years in active warfare, he returned home and went to work on the Gazette, going thence to Cincinnati, then to Kankakee, Indiana, and finally to Columbus, Ohio, where he engaged in the insurance business. October 24, 1866, he was married to Miss Eleanor J. McDougal, of this city, and again went to Burlington, where he was engaged on the Hawkeye until August, 1867, when he returned to this city, and took the position of local editor of the Gazette. August 24, 1868, he, in partnership with Charles Wilkinson, established the Register, purchasing his partner's interest at the end of a year or two. He hesitated some time before embarking in the enterprise, knowing that the history of new newspapers generally culminated in an early suspension, and that even when successful it was a hard, up-hill, unremunerative undertaking. But having once determined to make the venture there was no further hesitancy. He threw his whole soul into the enterprise, and achieved an acknowledged success. From that time his history is well known to every citizen of Ross county. In the pursuit of his business he was compelled to give and receive hard knocks, but he took them kindly, and personally admired many men as private citizens and felt kindly towards them, while he felt compelled to oppose them as public officials or seekers for official favor. Captain Armstrong's funeral was attended from his late residence, on Cottage avenue, Friday afternoon, January 23, 1880, by a large concourse of citizens, the Soldiers' Memorial association, the Sill guards, and the Madeira light guards. The latter (a colored organization), turning out almost to a man, to testify their regard for a man who had been the black man's friend, when he had need of it. The printers of the city marched to the cemetery in a body, under the leadership of Captain Raper, of the Gazette. GEORGE H. TYLER. Of the living, little can be said. The subject of this biographical note, for nearly four years associated with Mr. Armstrong, as editor of the Register, and now its sole editor, was born in Columbus, Ohio, October 25, 1841, He removed to Circlevile in 93 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. 1859. On the tenth of August, 1862, he enlisted in company A, of the One Hundred and Fourteenth regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, and was in the service until July 25, 1865. In September, 1873, he came to Chillicothe and took the position of local editor upon the Gazette, then under the management of J. R. S. Bond & Son. He remained in this position until May 1, 1876, when he purchased a half interest in the Register, which paper has since had the constant benefit of his best energies. JOHN WISEMAN, editor of the Advertiser, was born in Perry county, Ohio, March 20, 1838, and his youth was passed in the place of his nativity. Before the war he read law with Judge Van Trump, of Lancaster. On the breaking out of the war, he enlisted in the Seventeenth regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, and soon attained the rank of lieutenant, of company F. For the three years' service he raised a company himself, which was attached to the Forty-sixth Ohio volunteer infantry. He left the army late in the spring of 1864, and soon after went to St. Louis where he completed his law studies with J. R. Lewis, esq., now chief justice of Washington territory. He practiced law for a short period, and, in 1868, began the business of newspaper publishing, founding, in association with other parties, the Washington (Iowa) Gazette, a paper which he edited for nine years, and of which he finally became the sole owner. He removed to Chillicothe, in 1877, and became the owner and editor of the paper which he now conducts. MAJOR SAM. L. LEFFINGWELL, editor of the National Express, was born April 1, 1830, in Chillicothe. He first entered a printing office as "roller boy," in 1844, at the Scioto Gazette establishment. Two years later he entered the Advertiser office as an apprentice to learn the compositors' trade. In 1847 he went to work in the office of the Daily Atlas, in Cincinnati, and in the fall of the same year went from that city to Mexico with the Montgomery Guards. He returned at the close of the war, in 1848, and entered the Dispatch office at Cincinnati. He finished his apprenticeship as a job printer in the Commercial office in 1850, and in the following year started a paper in Cincinnati, which he called the Sunday Regalia. From early in 1852 until 1854 he was in the New York Tribune, and from thence, in the year last named, returned to Chillicothe, only to make another change, going again to Cincinnati. He was connected with the Enquirer, Columbian Press and other journals for several years, and started the Democrat at Nicholasville, Kentucky, in 1859. He returned to Chillicothe in 186o, and took the Gazette to print on contract. In 1861 he was commissioned by Governor Dennison as major of the Thirty-first regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, and afterward, by Governor Tod, as major of the Eighty-seventh regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry. In 1864 he entered the First Ohio cavalry, as a private, and served until the close of the war in 1865. In the same year he edited a short time the Greenfield (Highland county) Republican, and afterwards went to Dayton, where he acted as foreman and dramatic writer upon the Daily Empire. He returned to Chillicothe and took a position upon the Gazette, though he soon after became associated with the editor of the Advertiser. In 1868 he started a semi-monthly agricultural paper, which he called the Rural Buckeye. He returned to the Advertiser office in 1869. In the few years following, Major Leffingwell was connected editorially with the Ohio Statesman, at Columbus, and the Sentinel and other papers at Indianapolis. He started a Sunday paper at Columbus, called Capital Facts, in 1872. He returned to Chillicothe in 1876, and was in turn connected with each of the English papers. He went into the Express office in July, 1879, first to manage, and soon afterwards to purchase and assume control. B. FROMM, editor of the Unsere Zeit, was horn in Saxe Meinningen, Germany, in 1829, and came to America in 1851. He was at first located in Miamisburg, and then in Cincinnati, where he published the Ortennoarte. He afterwards went to Portsmouth, and there published the Unsere Zeit until his removal to Chillicothe.