(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) THE TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES OF ROSS COUNTY CHILLICOTHE AND SCIOTO TOWNSHIP. LOCATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE CITY. The history of nearly all great achievements begins with the record of failure; and to this general rule the location and settlement of Chillicothe was no exception. As early as the fall of 1793, General Nathaniel Massie had surveyed and entered large tracts of land at and near the junction of the Scioto river and Paint creek; but, owing to the hostile attitude of the Indians, no attempt was made to locate a permanent settlement in that most attractive and fertile region until the year 1795. The spirit of the Indians having been crushed by the decisive victory of Wayne, during the previous summer, General Massie determined, in the spring of 1795, to put into execution his long cherished plan of locating a town in this part of the Scioto valley. For the purpose of attracting settlers, he widely advertised his intention among his many acquaintances in Kentucky, and offered, as a donation to each of the first settlers, one in-lot and one out-lot, in the town about to be located, provided they would become permanent settlers in the town or its immediate vicinity. Among those whose attention was attracted by this notice were the Rev. Robert W. Finley, a very resolute character (of whom more anon), Captain Petty and a Mr. Fallenash—both the latter being experienced Indian fighters. A company of men was soon raised (some say forty and some sixty) to explore the country still further, and locate the new town. This was all they expected to accomplish this year the season being too far advanced to justify them in taking their families. And, besides, Wayne was at that very time negotiating a treaty with the Indians at Greenville; and, while it was hoped that the war was over, it was known that some of the tribes had sullenly refused to attend the conference. As bands of these disaffected warriors were believed to be roving through the unsettled portions of the territory, our company of explorers armed themselves, in order to be ready for any emergency, and proceeded with the utmost caution. (166) Setting out from Manchester, in about three days' time they arrived at Paint creek, near the falls. Here they found fresh signs of Indians, and had proceeded but a short distance further, when they heard their horses' bells. A council being called, it was voted too late to retreat, and they resolved, if possible, to take the enemy by surprise. This they had little difficulty in doing, as the Indians were encamped on the creek (at what was afterwards called Reeves' crossing), and entirely unaware of the approach of the whites. The attack was made with such vigor, notwithstanding the cowardly conduct of a portion of the company, that the Indians, after firing a few volleys, fled, leaving several dead and wounded, and everything in their camp, except their guns. One white man, by the name of Robinson, was killed, and one named Armstrong, who had been for some years held as a captive by the Indians, made his escape during this engagement, and was restored to his family. As our company of explorers had not intended to remain if they found this portion of the territory infested by hostile savages, they gathered up the horses and other plunder of the defeated enemy, and retreated toward Manchester. At nightfall they reached Brush creek, where they concluded to camp until morning. But, as they apprehended a pursuit, they slept on their arms, keeping some of their number on the watch to avoid a surprise. And, sure enough, a little before day-break, an attack was made with great vigor by the Indians, and so vigorously resisted by the whites that, after about an hour's fighting, the former retreated without recovering the booty, and taking their dead and wounded with them. Several of the horses were killed, and one of the men, by the name of Gilfillan, was shot through the thigh. After the fight was over, our party renewed their march and reached Manchester without further molestation. Thus ended Massie's attempt to establish a town on the Scioto river—an attempt which was signalized by the HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 167 last fight with the Indians, in the valley of that historic stream. But the failure of his first attempt did not deter the heroic Massie from making another. About the first of March, 1796 (as McDonald informs us in his sketch of Massie), a party was again collected at Manchester. Some of them went by water up the Ohio and Scioto, and others by land—both companies meeting near the mouth of Paint creek, at a place known afterwards as the "station prairie." The company who came by water brought in their boats, besides a few of the necessaries of life, farming utensils and other articles, suitable for making a permanent settlement. On the first day of April they landed their goods, commenced building cabins and making ready for planting corn. Thirty ploughs were set in motion, each of which had soon turned up the furrows on ten acres of as rich prairie as the sun ever smiled upon. The season proved to be propitious, and an abundant crop rewarded the labor of the pioneers. The Indians, many of whom remained in the vicinity, had become perfectly friendly, and were evidently disposed to carry out, in good faith, the terms of the Greenville treaty, which had been made the year before. While the settlers were thus employed in cultivating their corn, Massie and his men were engaged in selecting a site for the proposed town. They finally agreed upon a point on the Scioto river, about three miles above the mouth of Paint creek. Massie here owned a tract of nineteen hundred acres of excellent land. His formal survey, however (No, 2460), was not made until December 24, 1796; and the town was laid out in the previous August. By what sort of preemption he obtained possession previous to the survey, we are not informed. The town contained two hundred and eighty-seven in- lots ; and adjoining were one hundred and sixty-nine out- lots. The former were six rods in width and extended back twelve rods to the alleys except those on Market street and a portion on Water street, which ran back to the river, and were consequently of irregular length. The out-lots contained four acres, almost in the form of a square. The streets were of unusual width; two of them (Paint and Main) being six rods wide ; two (Water and Second) five; and the rest, four. The lots, streets and alleys were first designated by blazing the trees which, at that time, formed a thick forest over all this portion of the valley. One hundred in-lots and as many out-lots, according to Massie's original offer, were selected by lot as a donation to the first hundred settlers. Among the first to avail themselves of this offer were Duncan McArthur and his friend, Michael Thomas, whose chosen in-lots were situated contiguously on the south side of Water street. As this was the first real estate ever owned by either of them, they erected their tent (before cabins were built, the first settlers sheltered themselves in tents) across the dividing line between their lots, so that each might sleep on his own soil. Who can doubt their dreams were sweet? Besides the lots disposed of, as above stated, a good many were purchased, soon after the town was laid out, by those who wished to become settlers, but who were too late to be reckoned among the fortunate hundred. The in-lots first disposed of in this way brought the very moderate sum of ten dollars apiece. The growth of the new town was something quite unprecedented, if we may accept as true the picture drawn of it by McDonald, who uses this language: "The town increased rapidly, and before the winter of 1796, it had in it several stores, taverns, and shops for mechanics." Among the names of the first settlers, who came out in the spring of 1796, the following have been collected and preserved in the manuscript left by Judge Thomas Scott: Joseph McCoy, Benjamin and William Rodgers, David Shelby, James Harrod, Henry Bazil, Reuben Abrams, William Jamison, James Crawford, Samuel, Anthony and Robert Smith, Thomas Dick, William and James Kerr, George and James Kilgore, John Brown, Samuel and Robert Templeton, Ferguson Moore, William Nicholson, and J. B. Finley, afterwards a Methodist clergyman. The latter was the son the Rev. Robert W. Finley, one of the original proprietors of the enterprise, though he himself did not join the settlement till the spring of 1797. The son, James B., was born in July, 1781, and consequently was not quite fifteen when he joined the first colony. What proportion of this colony became residents of Chillicothe, we are not informed ; but probably all the adults became owners of lots, as the offer of donations was made to the first hundred settlers in the town or vicinity. We will conclude our sketch of the location and settlement of Chillicothe, with the enumeration of a few FIRST EVENTS which have been put on record, as connected with its early settlement. John McCoy, the pioneer merchant, cut down the first tree, and Benjamin Rodgers cut off the first log after the laying out of the town. An Irishman named James Kedior (or Keder) commenced the first cabin, but the John McCoy who afterward settled in Union township, finished his first, and so had the honor of building the first house in Chillicothe. A biographical sketch of the other Mr. McCoy, as one of the earliest merchants of this city, may be found in another part of this narrative. Thomas McCoy opened the first tavern in the latter part of 1796. The first marriage solemnized in this city, was that of George Kilgore and Elizabeth Cochran, in 1798. As this must have been nearly or quite two years after the town was laid out, we conclude that most of the young people got married before they came here. The parents of the first white child, born in Chillicothe, were Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox ; date of birth, about 1797. We regret that we cannot be a little more definite, but this is all that has come down to us. Thomas James, in 1798, brougbt the first load of bar iron to Chillicothe; some say, on horseback, which is absurd ; others, in a keel boat, which sounds a little more reasonable, 168 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. In 1799 the post-office was first established at Chillicothe, Joseph Tiffin (a brother of Governor Tiffin), being appointed postmaster, and holding the office over twenty years. In 1800 this city first became the capital of the North- Western Territory. In the month of May, of that year, Nathaniel Willis, father of the poet, N. P. Willis, established here the Scioto Gazette, which was the first newspaper published in the Scioto valley, and which has been issued here, by various individuals and firms, but without interruption, from that day to this. The first book store was established here by John Hellings in 1825. Evidently books, or at least, book stores are not the first want of a pioneer community. INCORPORATION AS TOWN AND CITY. The first act to incorporate the town of Chillicothe was passed by the legislature of the Northwestern Territory, under which jurisdiction Ohio continued till its erection into a State, in the fall of 1802. The act was signed by Edward Tiffin, speaker of the house of representatives, and Robert Oliver, president of the council, and approved, January 6, 1802, by Arthur St. Clair, governor of the territory. The twelfth section of the act appointed Samuel Finley, Edward Tiffin, James Ferguson, Alexander McLaughlin, Arthur Stewart and Reuben Abrams, members of the "select council"; Everard Harr, assessor; Isaac Brink, supervisor; William Wallace, collector, and Joseph Tiffin, town marshal—to hold their offices until the first election, which was appointed to be held on the first Monday of the following November. On the seventeenth of February, 1804, the State legislature passed a law to the same general effect as that of the preceding, assigning the same limits as the boundaries of the corporation, fixing the qualifications of voters, which the territorial law had left undefined, giving slightly different names to some of the town officers, and designating the style of the corporation as follows: "The president, recorder and trustees of the town of Chillicothe." The day for the election of officers was changed to the first Monday in March. The president, recorder and trustees, when convened for business, were to be known as "the select council of the town of Chillicothe." And among the other powers assigned to them, was that of imprisoning tax delinquents for a time not exceeding twenty-four hours. The first officers appointed under this act were elected by the people—those chosen under the former act, of course, holding their offices until their successors were qualified. This act was signed by Elias Langham, speaker of the house of representatives, and Nathaniel Massie, speaker of the senate. The boundaries affixed by both of these acts, as the limits of the new town, were as follows: "Beginning at the northeast corner of the out-lot number forty-seven, as numbered on the plat of the out-lots of Chillicothe, thence south, seventy-five degrees west, one hundred and five poles and three-tenth parts of a pole, to the northwest corner of out-lot number fifty-six; thence south, fifteen degrees east, three hundred fifty-five and seven-tenth parts of a pole, to the southwest corner of out- lot number one hundred and sixty-seven; thence north, seventy-five degrees east, seventy-seven and five-tenth parts of a pole, to the north-west corner of out-lot number one hundred thirty-one; thence south, fifteen degrees east, twenty-six poles and one tenth-part of a pole, to the southwest corner of out-lot number one hundred and thirty-one; thence north, seventy-five degrees east, one hundred and sixty-one poles, to the northwest corner of the out-lot number thirty-four; thence south, fifteen degrees east, twenty-six poles and one-tenth part of a pole, to the southwest corner of the out-lot number thirty-four; thence north, seventy-five degrees east, forty-nine poles, to the southeast corner of the out-lot number thirty-three; thence north, fifteen degrees west, one hundred seventy- eight poles and seven-tenth parts of a pole; thence north, seventy-five degrees east, one hundred sixty-nine poles and nine-tenth parts of a pole, to the southeast corner of the out-lot number ninety-eight; thence north, frfteen degrees west, two hundred and forty-one poles, to the Scioto river; thence up the said river, with its meanders, to the place of beginning." The State law was repealed December 28, 1813, and another enacted in its place, differing considerably from the former in some of its details. The boundaries of the town were enlarged by taking in "Massie's reserve," and the addition made by Benjamin Urmston. As in the other act, householders alone were declared to be electors; but the day of election was changed to the second day of January. Nine common councilmen were to be chosen by the people, and these officers were to choose, from their own number, a mayor, recorder and treasurer--the corporation to be styled the "mayor and commonalty of the town of Chillicothe." The common council, thus organized, were empowered to appoint an assessor, town marshal, clerk of the market, and any other necessary officers; to establish their fees, and impose such fines for refusing to accept such offices, as to them should appear proper and reasonable. They were authorized to pass all necessary laws, but were humanely forbidden to enact any ordinance "subjecting cattle, sheep, or hogs, not belonging to said town, to be abused or taken up and sold, for coming into the bounds of said corporation." This act was signed by John Pollock, speaker of the house of representatives, and Othniel Looker, speaker of the senate. On the fourth of February, 1825, an amendment to this act was passed by the general assembly, providing (among other changes), that the mayor, recorder, and treasurer, should be elected by the people instead of the common councilmen; to define more clearly the permissible amount of taxation; and to extend the powers of the common council—especially in the matter of laying out the town into wards. This amendment was signed by M. T. Williams, speaker of the house, and Allen Trimble, speaker of the senate. Another amendment was passed March 3, 1831, au- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 169 thorizing the common council "to grant licenses to grocers and retailers of spirituous liquors, porter, beer, ale, and cider, by the less quantity than one quart." By its grammatical construction (if we understand it) this would imply that the common council were permitted to grant licenses to parties named, "by the less quantity than one quart "—which some might regard as rather a small quantity of licenses. But we suppose the legislature really intended to say that the council might grant licenses to grocers and others to retail the liquors named "by the less quantity than one quart"—that is, they might grant or refuse license to saloon keepers. But the power to refuse license implies the power to prohibit it from an unlicensed traffic. Hence the legislature of Ohio committed itself to the legality of prohibition as early as the year 1831. The tax for the license was to be "not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty;" and the amendment was signed by James M. Bell, speaker of the house, and Samuel R. Miller, speaker of the senate. The act incorporating the town of Chillicothe as a city, was passed by the legislature March 14, 1838. Section first of this act describes the boundaries and powers of the corporation. Section third divides the city into four wards, by Paint street running north and south, and by the alley between Second and Main street running east and west. The southeast quarter of the city, thus divided, constitutes the first ward; the southwest, the second; the northwest, the third; and the northeast, the fourth. The mayor, two councilmen from each ward, also a treasurer, recorder, and assessor, were required to be elected on the second Monday of April following, by the qualified voters 0f the city; and the members of the council were to elect a city marshal. Whenever vacancies should occur in any of the city offices, they were to be filled by the council until the next regular election. The ordinances already passed by the town council were to continue in force until altered or repealed by the common council of the city, and the State legislature reserved to itself the power to change or amend the city ordinances as it might deem expedient, This act was signed by C. Anthony, speaker of the house, and George J. Smith, speaker of the senate. Several amendments to this act, or acts supplementary thereto, were afterwards passed by the general assembly, but it is hardly necessary to enumerate, them here. This act went into effect by the holding of an election, as ordered, on the second Monday (or ninth day) of April, 1838, at which the following officers were chosen: William H. Skerritt, mayor; Amasa D. Sproat, treasurer; Robert Adams, recorder; Jacob Wolfe, assessor; John Leggitt and J. A. Fulton, councilmen for the first ward; John Wood and William R. Drury, for the second ward; Thomas Orr and Levi Anderson, for the third ward; and James Howard and James S. McGinnis, for the fourth ward. Robert Adams declining to serve as recorder, the council elected Thomas Ghormley in his place. They also elected James McCollister, as city marshal; Ebenezer Tuttle, clerk of market; and John Carlisle, jr., weigh-master. Since that time several new officers have been added to the list, two or three have been dropped (at least from the list as published), and the name of recorder has been changed to that of clerk. The present officers are as follows: David Smart, mayor; James Conley, marshal; A. E. Wenis, clerk; St. Burkely, treasurer; R. R. Freeman, solicitor; Angus L. Fullerton, civil engineer; Peter Hoffman, street commissioner; Theodore Doty, president of council; Henry Beim, vice-president; George Stiles, G. W. A. Clough, Samuel Epstine, John C. Entrekin, Jacob Kaiser, and F. C. Washburn, the other councilmen; and Joseph Deuschler, chief of police. NAMES OF TOWNSHIP AND CITY. Scioto township takes its name from the river which passes for a short distance through it (where, in the northeast corner, the stream makes a large bend toward the west) but mostly constitutes its northeastern boundary. The name is, of course, of Indian origin, but we have never found any hint as to its signification. Colonel John Johnston, indeed, who is an authority in such matters, asserts that its meaning is unknown. The meaning of the name Chillicothe seems also to have been thus far enveloped in obscurity. Some authorities state that it means town. Colonel Johnston, however, (as quoted by Howe) makes the following statement: "Cbillicothe is the name of one of the principal tribes of the Shawnees. The Shawnees would say Chillicothe otany, that is, Chillicothe town. The Wyandots would say, for Chillicothe town, Tatarara dotia, or town at the leaning bank." Now, we have never heard of any Chillicothe tribe of Indians. But whether there ever was such a tribe or not, if the Indian phrases, given above, are correctly translated, we think the meaning of Chillicothe may be pretty clearly demonstrated. For the Shawnee, Chillicothe otany, means Chillicothe town—otany and town, of course, meaning the same thing. On the other hand, the Wyandot for Chillicothe otany, is Tatarara dotia, where dotia must mean the same as otany or town, and Tatarara must mean the same as Chillicothe. But Tatarara dotia means town at the leaning bank. Hence it would seem that this phrase, at the leaning bank, must mean the same as Chillicothe. At any rate, the name must have been a favorite one among the Shawnees, since no less than five Indian towns or villages of that name, in southwestern Ohio, were known to the early settlers: namely, one where Frankfort, in Concord township, is now situated; one on the site of Westfall, in Pickaway county; one about three miles north of Xenia, in Greene; one on the site of Piqua, in Miami county; and one on the Maumee. The fact that all these were situated on the banks of streams, affords some plausibility to the etymology we have suggested. If this explanation is correct, the name was evidently an adjective with the substantive, otany or town, always understood. The town to which the name was first given, doubtless stood near a precipitous, or "leaning" bank; but afterwards it may have been given to any village near the border of a stream. 170 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO It is however, a singular coincidence that our Chillicothe was located upon a bank which had such a "leaning" to the river that, before the old channel was abandoned, the stream had made a very dangerous encroachment upon Water street, and an artificial breakwater had to be constructed to prevent the buildings from being washed away. SCIOTO TOWNSHIP. The description of a gem would not be complete without some account of its setting. The township is to the city which it contains what the setting is to the gem. Having, therefore, given a preliminary history of the city of Chillicothe, we will proceed to give briefly that of its township, Scioto, under the four following headings: I. ORGANIZATION AND BOUNDARIES. On the sixteenth of April, 1803, the legislature passed "An act to regulate the election of justices of the peace, and for other purposes," the first section of which is as follows: "Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Ohio, That the associate judges of the court of common pleas, in each and every county within this State, shall meet on the tenth day of May next, at the places where courts are to be held, and shall proceed to lay out their counties respectively into a convenient number of townships." The second section provides "That the judges aforesaid shall, at the time and places aforesaid, appoint to each township a proper number of justices of the peace, who shall be elected on the twenty-first day of June, at such place in each township as the said judges may direct, agreeable to the provisions of an act entitled, 'An act directing the mode of conducling elections.' " We suppose that previous to this time justices of the peace had been appointed by the governor of the territory, and that if townships existed anywhere, at the time of the erection of the territory into a State, they were reorganized by the judges under this law. Whether any townships had been organized in Ross county before this time, we have not been able to ascertain, It has been stated that Scioto township is the oldest in the county. However this may be, we know from the record of the court that "Reuben Abrams, William Patton, and Felix Renick, esquires, associate judges for Ross county, met at the court house in Ross county, on Tuesday, the tenth day of May, 1803, agreeable to the law, and proceeded to regulate and establish the boundaries of the different townships in this county, and to apportion the justices of the peace to be elected in and for each." And, furthermore, we learn, from the same record, that eleven townships were then established for Ross, and that the boundaries then assigned to Scioto township were as follows: Beginning at the forks of the road above the house of Henry Massie, thence south twenty-frve degrees west to the road leading to Swearingen's mill; thence with said road to Paint creek; thence up Paint creek to the big narrows, below Vincent Hollers; thence south from the lower end of said narrows to the upper boundaries of Pepee township; thence with said boundary to the beginning." The qualified electors in this township were required to meet at the court house in Chillicothe, on the twenty-first day of the following June, then and there to elect four justices of the peace for the said township. Not long after this, the board of county commissioners was created, having jurisdiction in all matters pertaining to the erection of new townships, the change of township lines, etc. The territory of Ross county has been greatly curtailed since that time; some of the townships then established being comprised in the new counties, those that remained being diminished in size and new ones added. All the changes (a record of which we have been able to find) affecting the boundaries of Scioto township, are as follows: September 9, 1806, the south part of Scioto township and the north part of Peepee (now in Pike county) were united to form the present township of Franklin, August 13, 1807, the line dividing Scioto and Twin townships was established "by beginning at Paint creek, at the upper end of the narrows at the mouth of the Cattail run; thence a due south line to the dividing ridge between Sunfish and Paint creeks." August 23, 1809, it was "ordered that the line between Union and Scioto townships be run as follows: Beginning on the east bank of North Paint, on the line between James Porter and Robert McDill; thence a straight line to the junction of the Deer Creek and Limestone roads." June 20, 1810, a part of Union township was set off and attached to Scioto township, "by a line beginning at the fork of the Deer Creek and Limestone roads; thence a straight line to the southeast corner of Col- man's survey on main Paint; thence with the southwest line of said survey to the creek." March 5, 1811, a portion of Scioto township was taken from the southwest part, to form the township of Huntington. April 8, 1818, it was "ordered that Scioto township be extended from the mouth of the north fork of Paint creek; thence up main Paint, with the meanders thereof, to the mouth of the Cattail run; from thence a straight direction to the bridge on the north fork of Paint creek; thence down said creek to the intersection of a line run by Jeremiah McLene between Scioto and Union townships." The township lines, as these changes, and perhaps a few others, have left them, are exceedingly irregular, as are those of all the townships in the military district. The townships bounding Scioto (beginning at the north and passing around by the east) are Springfield, Liberty, Franklin, Huntington, Twin and Union, This township has a greater extent of water boundary than any other township in Koss county, the Scioto river forming its boundary for about eight miles on the northeast, and Paint creek for about five miles on the south. The township records, previous to the year 1852, having been destroyed in the fire which desolated Chillicothe during that year, we are unable to ascertain the names of the township officers chosen at the first election, in 1803. We must content ourselves, therefore, in concluding our notice of the township organization, with giving the names of the present officers, elected in 1879. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 171 They are as follows: Samuel Adams, Benedict Meyers and C. Shehan, trustees; Daniel Wilhelm, clerk; Augustus Miller, treasurer; J. W. Chapman and William Briggs, justices of the peace, and William Dovey and John M. Doty, constables. II. PHYSICAL FEATURES. A large portion of Scioto township is composed of the bottom lands lying along the river and Paint creek, and the tributaries of both. These lands are among the richest in the State, and served as the chief attraction to Massie and his men, when locating their land warrants in this district. Here, at the "station prairie," two or three miles below Chillicothe, in the spring of 1796, his colony of pioneers turned up the first furrows in this virgin soil, which, although it has yielded to the plough for nearly a hundred consecutive summers since that time, seems as yet to have lost nothing of its marvelous fertility. But outside of the immediate habitat of the streams above mentioned, the land rises into irregular, undulating hills, some of which reach the height of five or six hundred feet. All of these were originally covered with a fine growth of timber of the most valuable kinds, among which the beech and sugar maple were largely represented. Many of these original trees, of enormous size, are yet standing, but, for the most part, the first growth has been removed, and, where the surface is too steep for cultivation or pasturage, a second growth, already large enough for profitable use, has taken its place. On the summits of many of these hills, however (even some of the highest), there are broad tablelands of excellent soil, which produces good crops of Indian corn and other grain. It is the immediate neighborhood of these hills that gives to Chillicothe its far-famed picturesque beauty. There are, perhaps, a dozen summits in this immediate neighborhood (some of them, like Mount Logan, lying just across the eastern line, in the adjoining township of Springfield), from any one of which a charming view may be had of the city and surrounding country. But the finest outlook is from the top of Cemetery hill, just south of the city, which marks the angle between the Scioto and Paint valleys, commanding a view of both, and of their junction. It was this point which, in one of his journeys through the country, was visited by the great senator, Daniel Webster, and of which he afteward said, that he "had seldom seen a more magnificent landscape than the one there presented to the eye." On the southwestern boundary of the township, where Paint creek separates it from Huntington, occurs that remarkable geological formation caused, as President Orton, of the State university supposes, at the subsidence of the glacial period, by the waters of the main creek coming on from the southwest, and encountering the glacial drift bearing down through the valley of the north fork, from the northwest,—thus becoming dammed up, and at last breaking over their southeastern wall and forming for themselves a new channel, which is now a rocky gorge, often not more than two hundred feet wide, three hundred feet deep, and extending three or four miles in a southeasterly direction--the waters at length regaining their ancient channel near the point where the two forks of the Paint now unite; that is, about two miles west of the southern boundary of Chillicothe. A full account of this striking geological formation is given elsewhere in this volume, in the general chapter on the geology of the county. Some one, we cannot now recall who, has said that the hills which abound in this part of Ohio, are the final vertebrae of the great eastern backbone of the continent; viz, the Alleghany mountains. But, while it is true that, in spite of their 'unpretending height, there is something peculiarly mountainous in their general appearance and outline; yet, we feel constrained to say that, in our opinion, if they are really vertebrae, as aforesaid, they must have been snapped off from the tail of the great continental monster, in his dying contortions: and that must be the reason why they are lying about promiscuously, at points so remote, and in directions so out of line with the rest of the spinal column, which remains unbroken. III. SURVEYS AND SETTLEMENTS. General Massie's first surveys within the present limits of Scioto township, were made in 1793, but owing to hostile disposition of the Indians, no permanent settlements were made until the location of Chillicothe, as already related, in 1796. The first surveys were made along the Scioto river, Paint creek, and its two forks, where the richest lands are located. The less valuable lands, in the hilly regions remote from the streams, were entered and surveyed later, one survey being made by General Massie as late as 1847. The land warrants upon which the original surveys were made, were, of course, owned, for the most part, by Virginians, a large portion of whom never settled upon their lands, but held them for sale to actual settlers. Some of the earliest of these surveys were as follows: Survey 592, of eleven hundred acres, made for William Reynolds, October 5, 1793, Survey 1260, of one thousand acres, made for William Lawson, October 6, 1793. Survey 2216, of five hundred and thirty-four acres, made for Thomas Lewis, October 7, 1793. On the same date survey 562, of two thousand acres, was made for Francis Coleman. Survey 529, of twelve hundred acres, made for Mayo Carrington, November 3, 1793. Survey 2217, of fourteen hundred and ninety acres, made for Nicholas Talliafero, June 16, 1797. Survey 1418, of one thousand acres, made for John Harris, March 18, 1799. Survey 235, of twelve hundred acres, made for Charles Scott, September 10, 1800. Survey 4192, of sixty acres, made for Duncan McArthur, March 29, 1805. Survey 4294, of four hundred and fifty-five acres, made for Elias Longhorn, June 3, 1805. Survey 7861, of one hundred acres, made for Matthew Hobson, November 9, 1813. Survey 4727, of two hundred acres, made for John and William Messhimon, May 19, 1815. Survey 8506, of two hundred and fifty-five acres, made for Cadwallader Wallace, September 2, 1815. 172 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Survey 6729, of two hundred acres, made for Angus L. Langham April 30, 1817. Survey 9273, of two hundred acres, made for Cadwallader Wallace, June 18, 1818. Some of the later surveys, beginning with the last, were as follows: Survey 15,062 of nineteen acres, made for and by Nathaniel Massie, February 15, 1847. Survey 15,056, of eight hundred and eleven acres, made for Neacma Wallace, November 4, 1846. Same number, of one hundred and sixty acres, made for the same party, December I, 1846. Survey 14,940, of two hundred and eighty acres, made for Cadwallader Wallace, December 26, 1843. Survey 14,083, of eight hundred acres, made for Robert Harwood, September 11, 1840. Survey 8,403, of fifty-three acres, made for William Robinson, September 4, 1834. Survey 12,943, of one hundred and fifty-seven acres, made for William Withers, Peter D. Mayo and John Yarborough, November 30, 1829. Cadwallader Wallace, whose name appears so often in these surveys, came here in 1808, and engaged in the business of locating land, sometimes also dealing in flour and pork. Being a shrewd business man, he accumulated a large property. About the year 1817 he married Miss Ruth Bateman, of Chillicothe, of whom he had eleven children, five of them still living. He died in 1861, his widow surviving till 1879. Two sons, Sandusky and Neacma (the latter following his father's business of surveyor), and a daughter, Mrs. McGinnis, still reside in Chillicothe. The Reynolds survey, five hundred and ninety-two, the first made in the township, was purchased mostly, if not entirely, by two brothers, John and William Patton, from Kentucky. It lies just south of the town, across Paint creek. John Patton came on in 1796 and built a two- story log house, into which he moved his family the next year. In 1801 a stone addition, also of two stories, was made to this building, and is still standing. The log part stood sixty years, when it was torn down and replaced with brick. The house is now owned and occupied by James Patton, a grandson of John. William Patton moved to this township in 1799, and built a weather-boarded log house below that of his brother, and not far from the present Paint street bridge. 1)r. James I). Miller, of Chillicothe, is a grandson of William Patton. The original survey of eleven hundred acres is still owned wholly, or in a large part, by the heirs of the two brothers. John and Margaret Haynes came with their family, from Charlestown, Virginia, in 1808, and after living two years in Chillicothe settled on the Carrington survey, in the western part of the township. Their son, John S. Haynes, still lives on the old farm, where he has lived constantly since 1810, with the exception of fourteen years which he spent in Huntington township. On the twenty-first of June, 1827, he married Catharine Chamberlin, a native of New Jersey, with whom he still lives, both enjoying "a green old age." His father was a blacksmith by trade, and he also worked at the same business for some years. The father at one time owned three mills on Paint creek—one at "the narrows," one near the hydraulic dam, and one on the farm where the son now lives. Their "tic-tac, tic-tac" ceased many years ago; but some suggestive remains still point out their locality. In the same part of the township with Mr. Haynes, is still living (February, 1880) William B. McDill, who is one of the oldest residents in the Scioto valley--having lived here since 1796. Here also is Joseph H. Plyley, since 1808, and Thomas and James Steel, since 1820. John Kirkpatrick came from Caneridge, Kentucky, in the fall of 1797. He was the father of the present Dr. Samuel McAdow's wife, who was born in Chillicothe about the beginning of the present century. He came into possession of three hundred acres of land, three miles south of town, which had been purchased by his father-in-law, John Johnston. He died December 5, 1865, aged ninety-one. Samuel Ewing came from Pittsburgh in the year 1806, coming down the Ohio in a flat-boat. He was a saddle and harness maker, and set up for himself in that business soon after his arrival, and made it profitable. He often took flour and wheat for his work, and sent, or took them himself, to the New Orleans market. Exposure during these long river trips shortened his life. He died in 1857. Five of his children are still living, and all are here, except one in Colorado. John E. Ewing was with his father in business until his majority, when he carried on the business by himself. Alexander Ewing, brother of Samuel, came at the same time, and was in the same business. He died in 1860. James Ewing, his son, is now carrying on the livery business. Hugh Ghormley came from Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, with his family in 1806. His son Thomas was then six years old, having been born July 6, 1799. Mr. Ghormley bought one hundred acres of land, southeast of town, from the Watt tract, or adjoining it. He carried on the business of a carpet weaver here for several years, and then bought a farm near Paint creek, about four miles from town. He returned to the city to reside, a few years before his death, which occurred in 1848. Thomas Ghormley was married in 1835, to Miss Elizabeth Steele, of this city. They have three children hving. The youngest son, James, died as many another young hero died, a cruel death at Andersonville. One son is now in business in New York. Thomas Ghormley was for thirty years in the mercantile business in this city. Since 1851, he has served one term of four years as county treasurer, and two terms as sheriff. For several years his principal business has been the settling of estates, by appointment of the court. The following names of early settlers in west Scioto township, we find in Finley & Putnam's "Pioneer Record," and insert them here as a part of the early history of Ross county : William Rogers, Andrew and George Pontious, Peter Porter, James, Robert, Joseph, Jacob and William McDill, Michael, Thomas and Robert Adams, James McCrea, Joseph Clark, William Robinson, Enos and John Pursell, Jacob Grundy, Richard and John Acton, Thomas, Robert and William Brown, William Pool, James Dan- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 173 ans, John and George Ricups, Daniel Dixon, Robert Worthington, Thomas Shields, James Prior, Hugh and James Cochran, Samuel Smith, Daniel Augustus, James Carr, James Armstrong, Thomas Earl, Thomas Junk, and Thomas Arthur. The last named lived to be nearly an hundred years old. Nicholas Haynes, father of Henry and John Haynes, immigrated to west Scioto in 1808. The following items are from the same source: James Shane, a Dunkard preacher, who had two sons, Daniel and Abraham, occupied a part of the farm known as the Wood's tract. Hugh and Alonzo Carson, the Sullivan family and the Dunn family were also among the first settlers. E. Fullerton settled on the Zane tract east of the river. Isaac, Jacob, Andrew and Adam Creamer settled near the river. Adam was in the Revolutionary war under General Greene, and all of his boys were in the war of 1812 under General Harrison. There were several of them, and they were all large, strong, hearty men, well calculated to endure the hardships and privations of pioneer life. Many of their descendants now live in Fayette county. The following were among the colored pioneers of Scioto township : Thomas Watson in 1796; Henry Evens, 1798; Nelson Piles, 1800; Samuel Nichol, 1808; Abram Nichol, 1809; Peter James, 1812; Henry Hill, 1813; John Fidler and his son of the same name, in 1814. The colored people of Chillicothe and vicinity have, from those early times to the present, for the most part, been honest, industrious and useful citizens. IV. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. These are such as characterize nearly all the agricultural districts of southern Ohio. The principal cereals are, of course, wheat and corn, for the growth of which the soil is admirably adapted—producing abundant crops. Hogs are fattened by many of the farmers in large numbers, and sold to the packers in Chillicothe, or shipped to Cincinnati. Cattle, also, are fattened for market, to some extent, but in less numbers than formerly. There are not many manufacturing establishments in the township, outside of the city. In addition to those already noticed, we can mention only the following: Thomas England has a brick yard two and a half miles from town, from which he supplies many builders, both in city and country. H. Bell & Joseph Bonner have another, about a mile southwest of the city, where bricks are made by an improved process, and with appliances for manufacturing both winter and summer. They carry on an extensive business. Godfrey Fricks owns a flouring mill on Paint creek, about three miles southeast of Chillicothe. It was built by Mr. Lundbeck, about the year 1828. In 1840 it came into the possession of Isaac Lundbeck, nephew of the builder. He (as we understand) operated it for a good many years, and finally sold it to the present proprietor. It has three run of stone, and does both commercial and custom work. Within the past fifty years, great changes have taken place in this vicinity, both as to the kinds of industry pursued and the methods of pursuing them. These, however, have been noticed at sufficient length in another place. But their is one industrial pursuit which, although it began very early to be followed as a means of domestic comfort and convenience, yet, as a source of commercial profit dates back to a comparatively recent period. We refer to the business of fruit growing. Gen. S. H. Hurst, whose extensive orchards lie just beyond the Scioto line, in Union township, has kindly furnished us with the following facts in regard to the rise and progress of this industry in Ross county : “Some twenty years ago, the attention of a few men was called to the adaptation of the soil of our hill lands for fruit growing. Mr. Henry Bailey was one of the first large planters. From 1860 to 1870 a number of commercial orchards were planted, some of which proved paying investments. Mr. Joshua Seeley and Dr. D. H. Scott turned their attention to grape growing, with much Success. "I began planting in 1866, and in eight years had planted thirty-two thousand trees, covering two hundred acres. I planted twenty thousand peach trees, ten thousand damson and other plumb trees, and two thousand apple trees. The last five years have been very unfruitful, and fruit growers, generally, have been much discouraged. "Small fruits are grown by Mr. Monroe, Mr. Abernethy and others, and small commercial orchards have been planted by quite a number of our citizens. "Fruit growing in this latitude is very precarious, but there is no better locality in Ohio for growing fruit than the high hills overlooking the Scioto valley. Three times our county has taken the first premium at the State fair, showing that the quality of our fruit is second to none in the State. "I should estimate the area of commercial orchards in this county, at the present time, at six hundred acres, embracing one hundred thousand trees, with perhaps fifty acres of vines." The same gentleman, being applied to for some information a little more defrnite, especially as to Scioto township, replied as follows: "Not many of our horticulturists live in Scioto township. I give you, however, the following list of fruit growers residing there: "Dr. D. H. Scott makes a specialty of grapes; H. J. Bailey (now deceased) planted a large orchard with apples, peaches, grapes, berries, etc.; Paul Martzluff cultivates peaches; Joseph Plyley, the same; L. Meggenhofer, grapes; E. Lockwood, peaches and berries, and W. Brown, the same. "From adjoining townships take the following: "In Springfield, Joshua Seney cultivates grapes and peaches, and Judge Thomas Walke the same. "In Huntington, Mr. Monroe cultivates berries, and I. P. Struper, berries, peaches, and apples. "In Twin township, C. C. Plyley has a large orchard of peaches and plums. "In Union, John Abernethy raises berries and grapes; S. H. Hurd, peaches, plums, and apples; John R. Hurst, the same; and John N. Hurst, peaches. "There are many others scattered over the county, who grow more or less fruit; but I have given you the largest growers. In Scioto township alone I should say there have been planted, within twenty years, in commercial orchards and vineyards: of apples, sixty acres, and thirty- six hundred trees: of peaches, one hundred and forty acres, with thirty thousand trees; of grapes, twenty-five acres, and one hundred thousand vines; of berries, twenty acres. " Very truly yours, "S. H. HURST." The precariousness of fruit raising, to which General Hurst alludes, results principally from the liability to cold "snaps," or heavy frosts, after the fruit buds are partially developed, or fully blossomed. This is, indeed, a sad drawback to the satisfactory cultivation of fruit, anywhere 174 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. north of the "frost line," and one which human foresight and ingenuity seem powerless to guard against. There is probably no calling which demands a more constant exercise of the religious principles of patience, trust and snbmission, than fruit growing in the northern latitudes. CHURCHES OF CHILLICOTHE. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The history of this church dates back to the year 1797, one year after the location of Chillicothe. In the summer of that year the Rev. William Speer, a young Presbyterian minister, left his home in Chambersburgh, Pennsylvania, and traveled on horseback through the then almost unbroken wilderness of the Northwestern Territory, as far as this place, seeking employment in his chosen profession, Finding here a few Presbyterian families from Pennsylvania, who were anxious to enjoy the stated ministrations of their own church, he complied with their earnest request that he would remain and preach for them. During the summer of that year he organized a church which, on the third of the following October, was taken under the care of the presbytery of Transylvania, and known as New Hope church—a name which it bore until 1811, when the present name, "First Presbyterian Church of Chillicothe," was adopted. Of the original membership of this church, only two names have come down to us—one being that of John McCoy, the father of Samuel McCoy, one of the present ruling elders of the church, and also of Mrs. Dr. Foulke, and Mrs. Dr. Waddell ; the other was General Samuel Finley, an officer in the Revolutionary war, and probably the only ruling elder at the time the church was organized. Both these men have left upon the town the indelible impress of their business enterprise, energy, and integrity, and, upon the church, that of their piety, devotion, and unswerving christian principle. The congregation had, of course, no place of worship, nor had they the requisite means for building one. An unfinished log cabin, standing near the spot where now is the corner of Short Water and Bridge streets, was secured for their accommodation. No floor had been laid, and it was not in their power to purchase materials for one, but (we are informed), "such was their desire to enjoy the services of the sanctuary, that they made seats of the sleepers "—a somewhat novel- use, one might say, but, perhaps, not the most inappropriate to which church sleepers could be put. It was not until April 10, 1798, that Mr. Speer was regularly installed as pastor of the church. No record of his installation is now known to exist, but the record of his call and acceptance is contained in the minutes of the presbytery which met, in the year above named, in New Providence church, not far from Danville, Kentucky. The next year the presbytery of Transylvania was divided; and the new presbytery, named Washington, both from the principal county in Ohio, and from a town of that name in Kentucky, embraced a part of the last named State, as well as a large portion of what now constitutes Ohio and Indiana. In the records of the first meeting of the new presbytery, is found the name of Samuel Finley as the representative of the Chillicothe church. On the thirteenth of April, 1862, a Presbyterian church was organized in Union township, and shared with Chillicothe in the labors of Mr. Speer. But he continued in this joint pastorate only about six months—resigning the charge of both churches October 9, 1802, and returning to Pennsylvania, where he became pastor of the united congregations of Greensburg and Unity, in which relation he continued till near the close of his life, April 26, 1829. Mr. Speer was an earnest and eloquent preacher, and a diligent and faithful pastor. He entered upon his ministerial labors in Chillicothe when there was no church organization, and but very few members. After a ministry of four and a half years, he retired from the field, leaving two well established and prosperous churches, able to sustain all the means of grace without foreign aid. Surely this is a record, with which any ordinary ambition might well be satisfied. For about three years after Mr. Speers' resignation, the church seems to have depended on occasional supplies sent by the presbytery, and on transient ministers. But, in the fall of 1805, a call was extended to the Rev. Robert G. Wilson, of South Carolina, who had visited the place a month or two previous, having come like his predecessor, all the way from Philadelphia on horseback. The call was accepted, and Mr. Wilson entered upon his duties; although the presbytery, for more than a year, refused to install him as pastor, on account of the church's indebtedness to Mr. Speer, their former minister. But finally a settlement was effected, and. Mr. Wilson became pastor of the two churches, giving two- thirds of his services to Chillicothe, and one-third to Union. For some time the Chillicothe congregation worshipped in the old State house, the use of which was generously offered to them. There is no record as to the time when the first meeting house was erected; but it must have been commenced not long after Mr. Wilson's acceptance. In the then existing circumstances of the congregation, the building of a church was a work demanding great courage and self-denial. After commencing the building, they found themselves unable to finish it, and were in danger of losing all they had invested. In this emergency, Mr. John Carlisle, the father of the well known families of that name now in the church, came forward, and at his own expense finished the building and handed it over to the congregation free from debt. This deed of generosity will forever live in the memory of those who, for all coming time, will enjoy the privileges which it served to perpetuate. There is a tradition that the building was not occupied till 1809. In 1811, in the records of the board of trustees, mention is made of the assessment of rent on the pews. The building stood at the corner of Second street and the canal, the present site of the foundry and machine shops. It was torn down in 1852, and much of the material put into the new structure. It was a large brick building, about fifty-eight feet long by forty- two in width. The pulpit was elevated nearly to the HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. - 175 ceiling, with a lower desk just in front of it for the precentor. The aisles were paved with large square bricks. As it was thought too great conformity to the w0rld, and too much concession to the flesh, to worship God in comfort, the seats were made high from the floor, and the backs very straight and so elevated as completely to hide the children from view; and neither cushions nor stoves (in the earlier years) were allowed. And this, be it remembered, was a church edifice of more than ordinary pretensions for those times. While no christian people would think it incumbent upon them to reinstate the rude simplicity and discomfort of those early days, yet it may well be doubted if piety and christian zeal have kept pace, in the "march of modern improvement," with comfort and luxury in the surroundings of religious worship. In the year 1811, the congregation asked and obtained from the presbytery the whole of Dr. Wilson's services; and, in the same year, the name of the church was changed from New Hope to First Chillicothe. The first Sabbath school was organized in 1816; and, being an almost unheard of innovation, there were some, as usual, who regarded it as of doubtful propriety, if not absolutely unlawful. Then, as now, ladies were the principal teachers; and the following names have been recorded as those of pioneers in this pious work: Mrs. John McCoy, Mrs. Peebles and her two daughters, Mrs. Cook and daughter, Mrs. General Finley, Miss Margery Ferguson, Mrs. Dr. McDowell, Mrs. English, and Mrs. Hardy. Dr. Wilson's pastorate was of nearly nineteen years duration—the longest this church has ever enjoyed. Having been elected president of the Ohio university, at Athens, he asked for a dissolution of the pastoral relation, which the congregation reluctantly granted, and the presbytery effected, May 5, 1824. He remained at Athens for some years, and then returned to Chillicothe, to end his days among the people whom he had ardently loved, and who fully reciprocated his affection. He died at South Salem, April 17, 1851, and was buried (as were also his wife and two children) in the old graveyard, in the eastern part of the city. In 1877 they were removed to the beautiful cemetery on the hill; the old monument was remodeled to adapt it to its more tasteful surroundings, and a mural tablet, with an appropriate inscription to the memory of the sainted doctor, was placed in the church edifice, which he lived and "rejoiced to see," though built twenty-two years after his resignation of the pastorate. Dr. Wilson was a man of great intellectual ability and fine scholarship, a dignified and cultured gentleman of the old school. His sermons were eloquent and instructive; his style scriptural and doctrinal, practical and pointed, He had much to do in moulding public sentiment, taking an active interest in secular and educational, as well as religious affairs. He exerted a wide and beneficent influence in this community, and to this day his name is honored and revered by all. Following are the names of the elders who served the church before the termination of Dr. Wilson's pastorate : Samuel Finley, William McCoy, Isaac Cook, Joseph Miller, John F. Keyes, William Patton, John McClean and John Thompson. Of the date of their election and death we have no record. After Dr. Wilson's removal, there was a vacancy in the pastorate of about two years, at the end of which time, i. e. in the spring of 1826, the Rev. William Graham, of the Miami presbytery, became the pastor being regularly installed on the fourth Wednesday of June following, As the result of his ministry of nearly six years, one hundred and five communicants were added to the church on profession, and thirty-one on certificate. But, though his pastorate was thus blessed in the rapid growth of the church, yet it was a period of sore trials and dissensions. Theological controversies that disturbed the Presbyterian church throughout the country, aroused here a deep partisan feeling which was much intensified by local questions. The result of these divisions was the organization of a Second Presbyterian church, not very long after Mr. Graham's resignation, which was tendered and accepted early in the year 1832. In March, of that year, the Rev. Hugh S. Fullerton was invited to supply the pulpit for twelve months. At the expiration of that time he was installed—continuing pastor until October 17, 1836. After another vacancy of nearly a year, the Rev. Thomas Woodrow was called to the pastorate August 12, 1837. He accepted the call, but, having recently come to this country, he could not, under a rule of the presbytery, be installed until after a year's residence. Entering at once upon his labors, his installation took place on the first Friday of November, 1838. After a successful pastorate of ten years and nine months he resigned, April 5, 1848. During this period e. in the year 1846) the congregation entered on the possession of their present church edifice; and, about the same time, the parsonage property was presented to the church by Mrs. Eleanor Worthington. September 4, 1848, the Rev. Irwin Carson was invited to supply the pulpit for six months; but, before the expiration of that time, he was invited to become the settled pastor, and was installed as such May 9, 1849. His pastorate lasted five years and seven months, closing April 5, 1854. After several years of faithful and successful labor in other fields, he returned in feeble health (as he had left) to Chillicothe, where he died, May 31, 1875, and was buried in its beautiful cemetery on the hill. August 7, 1854, the congregation called the Rev. Dr. William C. Anderson, who declined the call, but consented to serve the church as stated supply—remaining thirteen months. The Rev. Dr. Robert L. Stanton was called to the pastorate in the latter part of 1855, and was installed the first Thursday of June, 1856. Dr. Stanton's labors were greatly blessed in building up the church, and to his zeal and perseverance the congregation is indebted for the fine organ that adds so much to the interest of its public worship. August 26, 1862, after a pastorate of nearly seven years, Dr. Stanton resigned, having accepted a professor- 176 - HISTORY OE ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. ship in the theological seminary at Danville, Kentucky. After serving in that capacity for several years, he was elected president of Miami university, where he also remained a number of years. He then became associate editor of the Independent, and afterwards accepted the same position on the Herald and Presbyter. All these varied and responsible positions, which he filled with marked ability and success, evince the high intellectual, moral, and religious character of the man. He is, at the present time, traveling in Europe. February 26, 1863, the Rev. William G. Hillman was invited to supply the pulpit temporarily, and remained fifteen months. Soon after this, August 18, 1864, the present pastor, the Rev. Dr. H. W. Biggs, entered upon his labors here, and was regularly installed on the twenty- first of the following month. Dr. Biggs was called to this place from Morgantown, West Virginia, where he had been pastor of the Presbyterian church for ten years. He was graduated, at sixteen years of age, from the Cincinnati college, in 1845, of which institution his father was president. His theoplogical training was received at Princeton, and he was made a doctor in divinity, by the faculty of Wooster college, in 1877. His pastorate has been the longest but one that this church has enjoyed, and by the far the most fruitful of all, in the number of members it has brought into the christian fold—there having been added to the church by profession, during his ministry, two hundred and seventeen, and, by certificate, one hundred and fifty-seven, making a total of three hundred and seventy-four. During the same period, the whole interior of the church has been changed and greatly improved, at an expense of several thousand dollars; and later (in 1875), the congregation had the old parsonage taken down and, at a cost of over four thousand dollars, built the present neat and comfortable house, which the ladies, with characteristic liberality and taste, have furnished in a handsome style. The present church membership is two hundred and eighty-six; and the Sabbath scholars (including those of the mission school) number five hundred and fifty. It cannot be hazardous to predict that the people will never willingly part with a pastor, whose ministry of a little more than fifteen years has left such a record as this. The elders who have been ordained and installed, during Dr. Biggs' pastorate, are Samuel F. McCoy, John R. Allston, Daniel Dustman, Hugh Bell, Albert S. Culter and Theodore Spetnagel. The first deacons in this church were ordained and installed December 31, 1866. Their names are Charles F. Dufen, Erskine Carson, J. M. Snyder and Theodore Spetnagel. Subsequently, W. C. Patterson and M. C. Hopewell were set apart to the same office. Thus imperfectly, and yet at a greater length than we could well afford, we have traced the history of the first of the Chillicothe churches, through a period of more than eighty-two years. It has had ten pastors, only two of whom survive; twenty-nine ruling elders—eight of them still living, and four yet in connection with the church; and six deacons, all of whom are living, and four connected with the church. Well may we add, with the author of the pamphlet from which we have taken the most of the facts, and a good deal of the language, of the foregoing sketch : "The record is full of instruction and encouragement." THIRD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church (first known as the Associate Reform, and afterward, as the United Presbyterian) was organized about the year 1806, under the care of the presbytery of Kentucky subordinate to the general synod of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian church. At its organization the session was composed of Messrs. James Taylor, Hugh Ghormley, and William Carson. The congregation maintained regular services, but remained without a pastor until January, 1811. At this time Rev. Samuel Crothers was ordained and installed as pastor of the united congregations of Chillicothe and Hop Run. Two years later, in April, 1813, the former congregation being able to sustain a pastor, Mr. Crothers gave his whole time to the latter. In 1814 Rev. John McFarland was ordained and installed over the church at Chillicothe. Messrs. Crothers and McFarland came from the Theological seminary in the city of New York, which was then under the care of the distinguished Dr. John M. Mason. Dr. Crothers died in 1856. Rev. McFarland continued as pastor until 1820, when he resigned his charge, and united with the General Assembly Presbyterian church. Immediately after the Rev. McFarland left the church, the presbyterial relation of this congregation was changed from that of Kentucky, to that of the First Ohio, a new presbytery under the jurisdiction of the Synod of the West. The church was without a pastor till the spring of 1825, when Rev. Joseph Claybaugh was ordained and installed over it. Dr; Claybaugh was a man of superior talents, and had a pleasant and successful pastorate. It was during his pastorate, and while the synod was in session in Chillicothe, in 1826, that the first memorial was presented on the subject of slavery, and in 1830, the first definite action was taken, whereby the "Associate Reformed Synod of the West" decidedly pron0unced against the " peculiar institution." In 1832 the congregation abandoned their former place of worship and entered their new edifice on Main street, the site of their present house of worship. In 1838, the territory of the first presbytery of Ohio was divided into three presbyteries, namely: First Ohio, Springfield, and Chillicothe. Differences had arisen concerning the locati0n of the theological seminary, then at Alleghany City, Pennsylvania. These were harmonized by the general synod of 1839, convened in Chillicothe, which divided the synod int0 two organizations, called the First and Second synods of the West, and granting a theological seminary to each ; the one to remain at Alleghany, and the other to be established at Oxford, Ohio. Dr. Claybaugh was elected by the synod, senior professor in the seminary at Oxford. In November, 1843, Rev. William T. Findley was installed pastor, and continued some HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 177 twelve years. In 1850, the congregation erected a hand_ some gothic edifice on the site of their former one In 1855, Dr. Findley resigned his charge and united with the "old school" Presbyterian Church. In November, 1856, Rev, William H, Prestley was installed pastor. On the first day of April, 1857, the church edifice was destroyed by fire. This was a severe blow to the congregation, they having but seven years before erected the building and freed it from debt. The Second Presbyterian church granted the congregation the privilege of worshiping in their church, on Sabbath afternoons. In the fall the new lecture room was finished, and regular Sabbath and weekly services were resumed; and in the spring of 1858, the present beautiful church building was completed, furnished, and occupied by the congregation. It was during 1858 that the union between the Associate and the Associate Reformed churches was consummated, on terms which were anything but agreeable to a large portion of this congregation, and from which their pastor, a delegate, at the time, to the general synod, dissented, The union of these bodies formed what has since been known as the United Presbyterian church, and their supreme judicatory has since been termed the "general assembly," instead of the "general synod." Through dissatisfaction with this union, the congregations again changed their relations, and united with the presbytery (0, S.), of Chillicothe, taking the name of the Third Presbyterian church. This change was entirely satisfactory. On the twenty-eighth day of March, 1875, the Rev. William H. Prestley resigned, after a pastorate of eighteen years, and removed to Decatur, Illinois. Under -his pastorate the membership never numbered over one hundred. The church remained vacant until the spring of 1877, when J. 0. Pierce, a student at Union seminary, New York city, was called to take charge of the church. J. 0. Pierce was ordained by the Chillicothe presbytery, at Salem, Ohio, in July, 1877, and in the same month was installed pastor of the Third Presbyterian church, and is the present pastor. The church now numbers one hundred and eighty members; the Sabbath-school, two hundred; church sittings, four hundred; church property, value, fifteen thousand dollars. It has a women's missionary society, and a biblical and historical society, for the young people. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Second Presbyterian church of Chillicothe was an offshoot of the First Presbyterian church, and was organized about the year 1837, in the old seminary, where services were held about one year. Before the close of the first year the Reverend George Beecher, of western New York, was called to the pastorate, and assumed the duties of that offrce in the newly organized society. During the following year a church costing about six thousand dollars was built on the northeast corner of Paint and Fifth streets, largely through the munificence of Mr. Richard Long. Among the early members of the society were Mr. and Mrs. William Silvey, Dr. and Mrs. William Fullerton, Mr. and Mrs. Loyal Wilcox, Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Reid, Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle, Dr. and Mrs, Williams, and others. Mr. Beecher, a man of great ability, and with the promise of great usefulness in the field upon which he had entered, had been but two years in the pastorate, when on the first day of July he accidentally shot himself in his own garden, whither he had gone with his gun to protect some rare fruit from the depredations of the birds. His death was a terrible shock to the whole community, as well as an irreparable loss to the church of which he was pastor. His successors were Rev. Messrs. Swift, F. S. How, William Beecher, Benjamin Mills, B. F. Stone, then a student and acting as temporary supply, and J. H. Moore. Among the elders were Richard Long, G. R. Wittemore, William Silvey, John Walker, Alexander Warner, Ebenezer Tuttle. Of the deacons, H. N. Reid is the only name obtained. Mr. Moore's pastorate terminated about 1862, and from that time the church building was used for various purposes, the auditorium at one time being used as an armory, and the basement being used for a mission Sunday-school. About 1875, there being a debt on the church of one thousand dollars, the building was sold to the First Presbyterian society for the amount of this debt. The trustees immediately transferred the property to Dr. Clough for three thousand dollars, and the building was by him converted into an opera house. The organization of the Second Presbyterian church was abandoned, and the proceeds of the sale devoted to the rebuilding of the parsonage of the First Presbyterian church. ST. PAUL'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, now located on the north side of Main street, east of Paint, was organized in 1821. Its first edifice, a small brick building on Walnut street, now occupied as a private residence, was the first Episcopal church consecrated west of the Alleghany mountains—having been consecrated by the pioneer bishop of the west, the late Rt. Rev. Philander Chase. It has a membership of a hundred communicants, and a Sunday-school of a hundred and sixty pupils. Its present rector is the Rev. C. L. Fischer; E. P. Kendrick is the senior warden; Albert Douglas, the junior warden, and Isham Randolph, clerk of the parish. Among its former rectors are the now venerable Dr. E. W. Peet, of New York city, and Dr. G. W. Du Bois, of Crosswicks, New Jersey. WALNUT STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.* The first Methodist church in this city stood on the north side of Second street, between Paint and Walnut streets. The place is now occupied by a livery stable, belonging to Mr. Pierson. The records show, that as far back as 1818, Chillicothe was in the bounds of Deer Creek circuit. In 1818 Chillicothe was made a station by the presid- * By R. W. Manly. 23 178 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. ing elder, Rev. John Collins. He appointed Rev. William Swayze to fill the station for that year. In the year 1819 the station built a new church in the rear of the old one on Second street. A fire occurred in the fall of that year, by which the old building was consumed, and the roof burned off the new one. For a time the society met and worshipped in what was known as "Wilson's factory," on Walnut street. At this time the church had among its membership many men of note. There were Rev. Judge Thomas Scott, Rev. Dr. Edward Tiffin, Rev. Dr. Samuel Monett, Rev. Dr. William McDowell, and Rev. Hector Sanford. Many of the preachers whose names are familiar to pioneer Methodism were stationed in Chillicothe, such as Coleman, Quinn, Collins, Springer, Wright, and Simmons. In 1828 Chillicothe was put back into a two weeks' circuit, and remained such until 1831, when it was again made a station, and the Rev. J. McD. Matthews was then sent as their pastor, In the year 1841 Chillicothe station had a great revival under the labors of Rev. John Miley, when between four and five hundred were added to the church. The society was so large that it was thought best to divide. This being done, one charge was called the eastern, and the other the western charge. What was then known as the western charge is now Walnut street charge, or station. The church building, occupied by the congregation, is on the west side of Walnut street, between Second and Main. It was dedicated by Bishop Janes, in the year 1850, the Rev. C. W. Sears being pastor that year. For the two years 1851-52, J. L. Grover was pastor; 1853-54, John W. Ross; 1855, Benjamin St. James Fry; 1856-57, G. W. Brush; 1858-59, C. E. Felton; 1860-61, C. A. Vananda; 1862, C. D. Batelle; 1863 to 1865, Joseph H. Creighton; 1866-67, W. T. Harvey; 1868 to 1870, R. W. Manly; 1871-72, W. H. Hughey; 1873-74, T. R. Taylor; 1875 to 1877, A. C. Hirst; 1878-79, R. W. Manly (the present pastor, February, 1880). Walnut Street church, by its present name, then, has been in existence thirty years, has a membership of four hundred, and has a Sunday-school that numbers three hundred and fifty enrolled officers, teachers, and scholars. It has comfortable sittings for six hundred people. It has within its organization a woman's foreign missionary society, a young men's association and aid society, and a Chautauqua literary and scientific circle. THE MAIN STREET (METHODIST EPISCOPAL) CHURCH, on the south side of Main, west of Mulberry street, was organized in 1842. It has two hundred and twenty members, and a Sunday-school of one hundred and seventy-five scholars. Its present pastor is the Rev. William P. McLaughlin; J. M. Davis is clerk of the society, and E. B. Miesse superintendent of the Sunday- school. ST. MARY's (CATHOLIC) CHURCH. Prior to 1836 there were but few Catholics in Chillicothe. Their spiritual wants were ministered to by Dominican priests, who visited the place occasionally, and said mass in the Washington hotel, kept by Martin Bowman, a good, practical Catholic. At long intervals other clergymen visited the small flock, among whom was Father Baden, the first priest ordained in the United States. In 1837, a small building on Walnut street was purchased from the Episcopalians, and used as a church for some years. Father Junker, afterwards bishop of Alton, Illinois, was the first resident past0r of Chillicothe. Among the members of the congregation at that time, we find the following names: Martin Bowman, Marshall Anderson, John McNally, Roger Cull, Charley Cull, Michael Rigney, and George Barman. The church on Walnut street known as St. Mary's, having in a few years become too small for the increasing congregation, it was determined to erect another building large enough for the wants of the Catholics, Accordingly a lot was procured on the corner of Water and Church streets, and in 1843 the cornerstone of St. Peter's church was laid by Father Junker, who was soon after called to a more extended field of labor. Father Rappe, afterwards bishop of Cleveland, was then for a short time in charge of the congregation, when he was succeeded by Father Borgess. By this time, 1845, St. Peter's church was ready for occupation. In a short time the Jesuits were placed in charge of the church, Fathers Koelcher, Dehofe, Tocheider, and Carroll, being among the members of that order who were pastors. St. Peter's church was large enough to accommodate all the Catholics in the city until 1849, when their number had increased to such a degree that it was deemed best to organize another congregation. This was done in December, of that year, under the direction of Father Carroll, afterwards bishop of Covington, Kentucky, in the building on Walnut street, which had been used before St. Peter's church was built. Among the first members, we find the names of the following as figuring prominently in aiding and promoting the welfare of the congregation : Marshall Anderson, Patrick Poland, John Poland, William Poland, Jacob Eichenlaub, Michael Scully, Roger and Charles Cull, Andrew Malone, Edward Carvell, Peter and James Carvell, and John Reily. In 1852, while Rev. Thomas J. Boulger, who succeeded Father Carroll, was pastor, a large building was purchased from the Methodists. This building, situated on Second street, was used as a church until the new building on Paint street was erected. Rev. T. J. Boulger acted as pastor, until called to Cincinnati to take charge of St. Augustine's church, in 1854. He was succeeded by Rev. M. Ford, who was pastor for a short time. Rev. J. N. Thesse succeeded Rev. Ford, and remained until 1860, when he left to take charge of St. Raphael's church, Springfield, Ohio. Rev. Michael Kennedy then became pastor, and remained until 1863, when faihng health compelled him to relinquish the charge. Rev. T. J. Tierney succeeded and remained until September 6, 1865, when he died. He was the only priest who died in Chillicothe, and his remains were buried in St. Mary's graveyard. On September 15, 1865, Rev. John B. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 179 Murray, the present pastor, arrived, and took charge of the congregation. A short time before the coming of Father Murray, the property on the corner of Paint and Fourth streets, was purchased from the Sisters of Notre Dame, who had used 'it as an academy for young ladies. The next year, the congregation, under the direction of their pastor, determined to erect a building, suitable not only for their present wants, but one that would accommodate their increasing numbers, for many years to come. Subscription lists were opened, and soon an amount sufficient to begin with was obtained. Excavation for the new building was begun July 31, 1866; the first stone laid September 6, 1866, and the corner-stone laid by Most Rev. J. B. Purcell, April 7, 1867. The work was pushed rapidly forward under the direct supervision of Rev. Father Murray, who spared no exertion to collect funds, raise farther subscriptions, and devise means to bring the great undertaking to a successful completion. In all his endeavors he was carefully assisted by the members of the congregation. In 1869 the church, finished inside and finely frescoed, was ready for permanent use, and on August 5, 1869, dedicated to the worship of the Most High, under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary, by the Most Rev. Archbishop of Cincinnati. At the time of the dedication, a considerable burden of debt rested on the church, but, by unceasing exertions, it is now nearly all liquidated. Attached to the church is a parochial school, taught by four Sisters of Mercy. The number of pupils attending, averages nearly two hundred. There are three societies of men in the congregation, and one of boys. Those of men are as follows; St. Patrick's, Ancient Order of Hibernians, and Knights of St. Joseph. St. Aloysius' Sodality is the name of the society for the boys. There are also sodalities for the married ladies, the young ladies, and the young girls. These ladies' sodalities are under the direction of the Sisters of Mercy. ST. PETER'S (CATHOLIC) CHURCH was organized in 1845. The church (a fine edifice of brick) stands on the northwest corner of Water and Church streets. It has a membership of a hundred and fifty, a Sunday-school numbering a hundred and eighty, and, of course, the usual parish school. In the tower of the church is an unusually fine toned bell, whose morning ascriptions to the Holy Trinity are heard far up and down the valley. The present pastor is the Rev. Edward Lieb. GERMAN EVANOELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH. This church was organized in 1837. The society worshipped for some months in the dwelling house of Mr. Pfleiderer, one of the members, living on Water street. In 1838, with commendable zeal and liberality, they purchased a lot on the north side of west Main street, between Walnut and High, on which stood a large, two story, frame dwelling house. The upper story was arranged as a place of worship, while the pastor resided in the lower part of the building; and it was thus occupied for several years. In 1846, the society having increased in strength, the frame building was removed to the rear of the lot and fitted up for a parsonage, and a fine brick church erected on the front of the lot, which is still standing and in good condition. The first settled pastor of the church was the Rev. Mr. Rosenfield. The ministers that have succeeded him as pastors are as follows: Rev. Mr. Resminsyder, Rev. Mr. Judt, Rev. F. C. Hoase, D. D., Rev. Mr. Zoble, Rev. Mr. Hienish, Rev. Mr. Polster, Rev. Mr. Strater, Rev. Mr. Blanc, Rev. Mr. Jansen, Rev. Mr. Wetterstroem, Rev. Gustav Knus. The last named took charge of the church in 1876. A portion of the society charged Mr. Knus with departing from the standards of the church, in the doctrines which he preached; and, the dissatisfaction increasing, a separation took place in January, 1877. Mr. Knus and his adherents maintained possession of the church, and a suit has been instituted by the party that felt compelled to leave to recover the property. In the meantime they have continued their public services, first occupying the court house, and in March, of the same year, removing to the church built in 1854, on east Main street, by the Protestant Methodists an organization now extinct. F. F. Herstan, their first minister, continued in charge of the church from May, 1877, to May, 1878. J. Koehler, the present minister, took charge of the church in August, of the same year. The present number of members is one hundred and eighty-six, and there are one hundred and sixty scholars in the Sunday- school. John Kunzelman, president of the board of trustees ; Henry Schenkel, clerk. The party remaining in the church on west Main street, are understood to have taken the name of the Free Evangelical Protestant church, Members, one hundred and sixty; Sunday-school pupils, one hundred and twenty. A. Sellenings, clerk; Martin Miller, treasurer. GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH. The first German Methodist Episcopal church of Chillicothe was organized in 1849, with about twenty members, by the Rev. Messrs. Baldof and Gahn. In the following year the present church edifice, located on Mulberry street, between Fourth and Fifth, was built and dedicated to the worship of God. The building and lot cost about six thousand dollars, and contains between three and four hundred sittings. The number of members at the present time is one hundred and seventy-five, and the Sunday-school numbers a hundred and fifty, including officers, teachers and scholars. The following is a list of the ministers that have served this church, in the order of their ministry, from the time of its organization to the present: J. Baldof, C. Helwig, Charles Vogel, J. Klein, Wm. Engle, E. Wunderlich, John Pfetzing, Charles Vogel (second time), H. D. Schmidt, C. G. Fritsche, G. Weidman, C. Helwig (second time), Charles Lurker, Edward Ulrich, B. Bozenhardt, John Schneider, William Richenmeier, Otto Wilke, Gustav Weiler, and H. Grentzenberg, who is the present incumbent. 180 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. GERMAN UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH. This denomination, which is sometimes called the Albright church, was organized in 1875. Their house of worship is located on the east side of High street, between Chestnut and Mill. The congregation numbers about thirty members. Fred. Rudy is clerk of the society, and Charles Ebert superintendent of the Sunday-school, which numbers sixty scholars. Preaching services are held only once in two weeks—the ministers giving half their time to Circleville, where their present pastor, the Rev. John Schab, resides, and where his immediate predecessor, the Rev. John Assel, also made his home. QUINN CHAPEL AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Until about the year 1821, as we learn from an article contributed to the Ross County Register, by the Rev. L. McAdow, M. D., the colored Methodists, of Chillicothe, worshiped with their white brethren—their place of worship being the small brick church, which is located on the north side of Second street, between Paint and Walnut, where now stands the livery stable of the late Mr. A. Fidler. The colored membership of this church was small, the following being the principal members: Peter James, Harry Hett, Edward Jackson, Thomas Woodson, Adam Brown, Perry Cowan, Burrell Curtland, Jacob Butcher, George Amos, Ira Ellis, Moses Freeman, Rodger Williams, Elisha Coleman, Edward Brown, and their wives; together with Fanny Diamet, James White, Willie Washington, and Elsey Brown. The desire for a separate organization began to be felt by the colored Methodists here at a very early day— stimulated, doubtless, by the example of their brethren in Philadelphia, and other eastern cities, who began the work of separation as early as 1787, and completed it in April, 1816, by the organization of a general conference, the adoption of the name, "African Methodist Episcopal Church," and the ordination of their first bishop, Richard Allen, who had long been their leading minister, and from whom they were at first called " Allenites." The complaint, here, as elsewhere, was that they were denied the enjoyment of equal rights and privileges, and subjected to many unchristian indignities in the house of God, notwithstanding the fact that they contributed their share in the support of the minister, and in defraying the incidental expenses of the church. Their dissatisfaction with the treatment they received from their white brethren finally resulted in the formation of an independent congregation, in the year 1821. The organization took place at the house of Peter James, one of the brethren named above, who served them a long time as one of therr local preachers. This was the first African Methodist Episcopal church organized west of the Alleghany mountains. Their first place of public worship was a one story frame building, on the south side of Main street, between Paint and Walnut, and one door east of the American house. This building is standing yet, with a second story added. During the time they continued to occupy this building, Adam Brown, another of the brethren enumerated above, obtained a license and became one of their local preachers. Dr. McAdow relates an incident which occurred during this time, and which, unsavory as it is, we will reproduce here for the sake of pointing a moral. One night, during the progress of a revival, while our colored friends were "in the height of their enjoyment," "certain lewd fellows of the baser sort," having trapped a skunk, killed it and then threw it, in all the freshness of its native aroma, in among the unsuspecting worshipers! The effect can be better imagined than described. There are differences of opinion as to the height of civilization indicated by the excitements which have sometimes characterized Methodist revivals; but surely there can be but one opinion as to the depth of barbarism indicated by the perpetration of such a diabolical trick as that. After worshiping in this building for some time, they purchased a one-story frame house on the south side of Main street, between Walnut and High. After continuing there for several years, till the building became too small for their increasing congregation, they purchased a piece of ground on the opposite side of the street, where they erected a large frame church, which they called Bethel. Here they continued to worship for many years.; and here Dr. McAdow says he "did some of his first preaching." But this building, in process of time, became very much dilapidated, and was considered unsafe. They then purchased of Isaac Turner the lot on which Quinn chapel is now located, giving in part pay the old Bethel church and the ground on which it stood. Their first annual conference convened in Chillicothe about the year 1825. They had then but sixteen preachers, all of whom came to the conference on horseback. The poverty of these self-denying men may be judged of, by the description Dr. McAdow gives of the animals on which they were mounted. "Of the sixteen horses, but one had two eyes, and that one was badly afflicted with string-halt." But they doubtless consoled themselves with the reflection that they were richer in this world's goods than the Master whose gospel they preached; for He "had not where to lay His head." And even at the time of His triumphal entry into Jerusalem He had only a borrowed animal on which to ride, and that of a much humbler species than theirs. Since that time our colored friends have not lagged behind in the march of improvement. Their conference now numbers eighty-two preachers, among whom the standard of education is vastly higher than that of forty years ago, and all of whom are living in comparative comfort and refinement. Quinn chapel, their present place of worship, was built in 1857, during the administration of the Rev. Samuel Watts. It stands near the site of the old Bethel church, and is a substantial brick building. The congregation deserve great credit for their enterprise in erecting so fine a house of worship, and for their untiring efforts in paying off the whole of their church debt. Since the organization of the church, the following itinerant ministers, in addition to the local preachers HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 181 already mentioned, have been appointed as regular pastors : the Rev. Messrs. Richard Charleston, George Broddy, Noah C. Cannon, Jeremiah Thomas, Thomas Lawrence, Lafayette Davis, Charles Cousins, Henry Atkinson, John Givens, Simon Ratliff, William Newman, Edward Davis, David Smith, Charles H. Peters, L P. Woodson, Edward Hart, Joseph McClellan, William Morgan, Samuel Watts, Solomon H. Thompson, R. A. Johnson, Turner W. Roberts, John W. Eades, John A. Franklin, L. W. Woodson, William B. Lewis, Philip Tolliver, George H. Shaffer, Hamilton, C. R, Green, and Jesse Henderson, the present worthy incumbent. The number of members, at this time, is one hundred and sixty; scholars in the Sunday-school, one hundred and forty; value of the church, three thousand dollars, and of the parsonage, five hundred dollars. A. S. (COLORED) BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized in 1824, under the Rev. David Nickens, who continued with the society until 1834. He was succeeded by the Rev. Messrs. Wallace Shelton, Nelson Sattywhite, David Lett, Samuel Fox, John Bolles, George Dortis, Jesse Meek, Isaiah Redman, H. H. Williams, William H. H. Butler, and then by the Rev. W. Shelton, again, who is the present pastor. The first place of worship was on Second street, east of the canal, in a log building. A frame church was erected on the same lot in 1869. Here the congregation continued to worship until, in 1850, they bought the brick church built by the Swedenborgians on Fourth street. The present membership is about one hundred and forty. There are from fifty to seventy-five pupils in the Sunday-school, and eight teachers, J. W. Hackley being. superintendent. The deacons are John Powell, Robert Richardson, James Jones, and J. W. Hackley. The church and lot are worth about four thousand dollars. No debt. THE BURIAL PLACES OF CHILLICOTHE. A reverent regard for the burial places of the dead characterizes all people, through all grades of civilization, and when, after long use, the "city of the dead" has gathered to its silent avenues all that was mortal of the loved of many households, the clustering memories of the strength and wisdom, the tenderness and grace, the beauty and innocence that have passed this way, to the waiting for that glorious change "when his mortal shall have put on immortality," make the place sacred beyond the power of language to express. And yet, it is the precious dust thus waiting, and not the casket, or earth, which has locked it in its peaceful chambers, that gives sacredness to the spot. The watchful mother places the cradle of her sleeping cherub where the jarring sounds of the outer world may not invade its smiling converse with the angels, that do always behold the face of our Father which is in heaven. So when the noisy wheels of trafic and the ponderous engines of production break the solemn quiet, which becomes the city of rest, it is but the instinct of love to bear the sleeping dust to new retreats, from which the sighing winds and tuneful birds shall banish all thoughts of the turmoil of human life, and whose sacred shades shall not tempt the foot of the ribald and profane. Thus would we justify the action of the city council of March, 1873, in reference to the old Presbyterian burying-ground, so called. The council, at a meeting of that date, passed a resolution, reciting that the burying- ground opposite the depot was too full of graves to be used longer as a place of interment, and that all further interments there be prohibited, and that the trustees of the First Presbyterian church be requested to take steps for the removal of those already buried there, that the ground, so unfavorably located, may be devoted to other purposes. To some, and more especially those at a distance, who could not realize the changes which time had brought, this seemed a sacrilegious invasion of sacred ground, But the sights and sounds and associations of a railroad depot are not in harmony with our highest ideas of the sacredness of a burial place. This ground was given to the trustees of said church, by the late Nathan Gregg, in 1810, for use as a graveyard, stipulating that their title should hold only so long as the ground was used for that purpose. About the year 1825, after a long law suit, which was carried through the supreme court, Dr. John Watt came into possession of most of that part of the city lying east of Hickory street, including the ground used as a graveyard. This ground was redeeded to the trustees of said church, for the consideration of one dollar, without any conditions whatever, and the title vested in the trustees of the church, in fee simple. Before the passage of the resolution by the city council, many bodies had been removed, in obedience to a natural instinct—that the place had ceased to be in any respect suitable for the burial of the dead. In accordance with the resolution of the city council, the removals continued, and the place once dedicated to silence is now the center of converging lines of railway. Subsequently, this land was sold by the church to the Scioto Valley Railway company; and, at this juncture, this unrestful soil was again thrown into litigation—the heirs of Robert and Nathan Gregg, and those of Dr. Watt, contesting the claim of the first Presbyterian church to the proceeds of the sale. A recent (1880) decision of the court of common pleas in favor of the church has been made, but an appeal was taken, and the case may yet emulate that of " Jarndice versus Jarndice." The burying-ground of the Associate Reform church lay on the opposite side of Main street from the old Presbyterian burying-ground, and one or two squares further west. It was used for many years, but was finally abandoned and the bodies removed, principally to the Chillicothe cemetery. The first burial place of the city was on the Scioto river, northeast of the town, and, when first set apart for that purpose, doubtless appeared so far removed from the business center of the new city, as to secure it from encroachments for an indefinite period. The point selected for the erection of the first bridge over the Scioto, which was built in 1816, was but a few rods below that portion of the grounds where the greatest number of interments had been made, and, after the 182 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. completion of the bridge, the streets in that direction not having been opened, a road direct from the bridge to Water street was used at once. A great many burials had been made, and some of them so near the river that graves had been washed away in times of high water. The first graveyard was, therefore, almost immediately abandoned, and, as very few monuments were used at that early day, in time all trace of its former use was lost. The Catholics, at quite an early date, secured a small lot to be used as a graveyard, lying on the Milford and Chillicothe pike, in the northwest part of the city, Objection being made by property holders in the vicinity, to enlarging the ground when it became necessary, lots for a new cemetery were procured on Limestone street, east of the Ross county fair grounds. The Methodist cemetery of Chillicothe lies in the northern part of the city, on Cherry street. It is of limited extent, and has been used for many years. A township burying-ground of considerable extent was established about the year 1865. It is located on Watt street, in the southeastern portion of the city. CHILLICOTHE CEMETERY. It is certainly a work of supererogation to say to the good people of Chillicothe, that the location of their cemetery is one of rare beauty, and that its capabilities (though as yet imperfectly developed, requiring the touch of the artist, Time, to bring into mellow harmony the fine conceptions that are now shaping themselves), are clearly under the direction of a true perception of the relation of decorative art, to that which is highest and holiest in man—his belief in, and aspiration for, immortality. Nothing puerile or trivial has been permitted to mingle with the conception of that holy rest in which the departed await the resurrection morn. Surely christian parents should shrink from the indulgence of that morbid sentiment which suggests the idea of a wish to win back the little children, so tenderly asked for by the loving Saviour, "Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not." Let heathen parents, in their hopeless grief, reach out rnto the darkness of the grave, and fondly dream that their love and care are still necessary to the happiness of the little ones they no more hope to meet ; but, in a christian burial place, the erection of play-houses, or the offering upon the graves of little ones, of the toys of their earthly home, seems a mockery of that triumphant faith, which trusts implicitly Him who said, "I will raise him up at the last day." The beauty of the site and of the scenery which it commands, having received their meed of admiration, a stranger is next impressed with that fine appreciation of the relation between objects and the emotions which they should excite, which marks the more striking features of the cemetery, as well as its more minute details. That noble granite shaft, erected in memory of the great pioneer of the Scioto valley, and the founder of the city spreading away from the foot of the summit on which it stands, is a most fitting recognition of the services and benefits conferred, and of the honor and gratitude offered. A less subtle perception might have planted the column in the center of the plateau, as the place of greatest honor; but the place chosen has much more of poetic justice. And the location near it of the monument to the martyrs of the Union cause, unites most appropriately the fame of those who stood forth as leaders in material progress, as well as defenders of the strength and perpetuity of our beneficent government. A purchase of ground for the establishment of this cemetery was made about the year 1841; but the first meeting of the board of trustees, of which a record has been preserved, was held on the thirteenth of November, 1845, at the office of James D. Caldwell, esq. At that time the board comprised the following gentlemen : Colonel James Swearingen, Colonel John Madeira, John Woodbridge, esq., E. P. Kendrick, esq., and James D. Caldwell, esq. The first purchase consisted of fifteen acres, and was from the estate of John McCoy. Dr. Foulke had purchased two and a half acres from the same estate, which, lying in a position to prevent the opening of a road from the cemetery grounds to Walnut street, he relinquished it to the board of trustees at the price he had paid, viz. two hundred and fifty dollars. The cost of this seventeen and a half acres Was about one thousand five hundred dollars. Only about one third of the area was available for burials, the remainder lying upon the steep but beautifully wooded acclivities. Nothing had been done to improve or decorate the grounds, and very few interments had been made. Like all new enterprises, it had its opposers. The ground was rough, and many thought it quite inaccessible. At the meeting, already mentioned, a resolution was passed to provide for the survey of lots, and for the rebuilding and repair of fences. Samuel Kendrick, civil engineer, laid out the road by which the summit is reached, and also surveyed the first lots. In 1864 additions were surveyed by J. Earnshaw, of Cincinnati, and the remaining sections were laid out under the supervision of Benjamin Grove, of Louisville, Kentucky. In 1878 the cemetery was enlarged by the purchase of twenty-eight acres from the heirs of George Renick. The directors, at the time of the last purchase, were Dr. L. W. Foulke, M. R. Bartlett, John Meisse, John H, Bennett, M. Lewis and R. H. Lansing, and the cost was four thousand four hundred dollars. Dr. Foulke was made president of the board in 1860, and the first well considered movement toward ornamenting the grounds was made, by appointing a standing committee on grounds, consisting of I)r. L. W. Foulke, Dr. Silvery and M. R. Bartlett. To this committee Chillicothe is greatly indebted for a cemetery, which, in beauty and chasteness of plan, promises not to be unworthy of its singularly noble location. In one thing only can they be charged with doing less than their position demanded of them. They have neglected to give to this sacred domain, from whose summit a panorama rarely equaled meets the gaze, a HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 183 name, at once descriptive and appropriate. Chillicothe is a necessary prefix to many of the commercial and manufacturing enterprises of the city, and for that reason is not appropriate as a part of the name by which her principal cemetery should be known. "Green Lawn" and "Wood Lawn," and Spring Grove and "Green Wood," and "Mount Hope," to say nothing of more pretentious, and therefore, less appropriate names, have been so often appropriated that some hesitation in making a selection is both natural and excusable. That a name entirely satisfactory is likely to be fixed upon, is perhaps, quite too much to expect ; and yet, a desire for something better than the present cognomen, must be universal. In the interval that is quite certain to occur before this really important matter is decided, permit this suggestion: To the question of strangers, who enquire the name of your beautiful cemetery (decked, as it is, with so many graceful evergreens), answer, "Green Mount." We greatly desire to speak more at large of some of the distinguished dead who repose in this beautiful spot, and of the noteworthy monuments which adorn it; but want of time and space forbids. We cannot, however, forbear to mention briefly one of the monuments—a perfect gem of art, which marks the last resting place of the brave Captain Henry J. McLandburgh, who was killed at Fredericksburgh, December 14, 1862. This monument is of white Italian marble, about seven feet in height, and consists of an urn, four feet high, standing on a pedestal of about three feet—the latter representing a graceful pile of rocks. The urn is surmounted by an eagle, holding in his beak a United States flag, which is gracefully draped over the urn. A laurel wreath is suspended from one of the handles of the urn, and on its base is the inscription: "He died for his country." Upon the pedestal lie a scroll and a sword, entwined with ivy. The design and execution of this beautiful monument, are alike appropriate and artistic. The first interment in the cemetery was that of Mr. Britton, father of the Rev. James Britton, about the year 1842. The following are the names of the present board of directors: Dr. L. W, Foulke, president; M. R. Bartlett, secretary; R. H. Lansing, treasurer; Austin P. Story, James McL. Welsh. Florian Hess, the present superintendent of the cemetery grounds, has held that position for eighteen years. JUDICIAL TRIALS AND PENALTIES IN THE OLDEN TIME. The administration of justice, in a community of pioneers, is necessarily characterized by a rude simplicity, in marked contrast with the prolix and complicated procedures of later times. The want of jails, guards and provisions, for the safe-keeping and maintenance of prisoners, necessitates summary trials and the infliction of penalties which shock the sensibilities of those living amid the refinements of older communities. But it may well be doubted whether the complex machinery of modern judicature is, on the whole, better adapted to secure the ends of justice and equity than the more expeditious processes of earlier times. The now obsolete penalties of whipping and branding were sanctioned, if not enjoined by the territorial and early State laws, and were doubtless adapted to the then existing state of society. But judges and justices of the peace often invented penalties unknown to the laws, and caused them to be inflicted upon offenders ; and sometimes allowed convicted persons a choice of penalties. We will give here a few anecdotes, which have been recorded or handed down by tradition, illustrative of the methods of administering justice in the olden time. Early in the year 1797 the governor of the Northwestern. Territory appointed Thomas Worthington, Hugh Cochran, and Samuel Smith, as justices of the peace f0r the settlement at Chillicothe. The last mentioned justice transacted the principal part of the judicial business. His prompt and decisive manner of doing things rendered him very popular. He always went straight to work, with very little regard to precedents or technicalities. No law book was of any authority with him. He had a way of his own, and was in the habit of justifying his peculiar proceedings by saying, " that all laws were intended to aid in the administration of justice ; that he, himself, knew what was right and what was wrong, as well as those who made the laws; and that, consequently, he stood in no need of laws to govern his actions." Whether in civil or criminal cases, he was always prompt in his decisions, and sometimes amusing in his mode of executing justice, as will be seen from the following case which was brought before him for adjudication: A man by the name of Adam McMurdy was cultivating some land on the station prairie, below Chillicothe. One morning, as he went to harness his team, the collar belonging to one of the horses proved to be missing. He quietly walked over to another part of the prairie where some ploughmen were at work, and, finding the missing collar in the possession 0f one of the men, boldly claimed it ashis own. The thief, as is very common in such cases, made a great show of virtuous indignation, used abusive language and threatened to whip McMurdy for charging him with the theft. McMurdy, not being a fighting character, withdrew from the field (which threatened to be one of blood), but came immediately to the village and made complaint to Squire Smith. The squire, having heard the story, dispatched a constable with instructions to bring both the thief and collar, forthwith, into court. That functionary soon returned, bringing the horse collar in one hand, and the culprit by his collar, with the other. The squire organized his court in the open air, on the bank of the Scioto, and, Laving duly arraigned the accused, called upon the accuser for the proof that the collar was his property. " If the collar is mine," said he, " Mr. Spear, the maker, who is present, can testify." Mr. Spear was then called, and, without being sworn, came forward and said : "If the collar is McMurdy's, I myself have written his name, according to my custom, on the inner side of the ear of the collar." The squire turned up the ear of the collar, and, sure enough, he there found the name of McMurdy, written in Spear's handwriting. "No better proof can be given," said the squire, 184 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. and immediately gave orders that the thief should be tied to a buckeye tree, standing near by, there to receive ten lashes, well laid on. This sentence was executed without delay, and the case ended to the satisfacton of all—with the possible exception of the culprit. The whole trial and execution did not last ten minutes, so summary was the squire's manner of dispensing justice. The chronicle from which we have derived these facts closes with the following epitome of the worthy magistrate's character: "Squire Smith was an honest and impartial man, with a vigorous and discriminating mind, always disposed to do justice in his own way." Before the appointment of judges and the regular establishment of courts, not only was the common law administered in a very simple and primitive manner, but extemporized village legislatures sometimes enacted laws to suit unforeseen emergencies. During those times, the promiscuous and unrestricted sale of whiskey often kept the town full of drunken Indians, to the great terror of the women of the place. At length, the patience of the community being exhausted, a meeting of the citizens was held at the lower end of Mulberry street, on the bank of the river, to take measures for the abatement of this growing nuisance. A resolution was passed that, if any trader or keeper of tavern or drinking shop, should sell whiskey to the Indians and get them intoxicated, he should either keep them in his shop or conduct them out of town to their camp, and see that they committed no disturbance of the peace. If any one should violate this resolutron, after having been reproved for the first offence, "then and in that case," all his kegs or barrels of whiskey should be taken out into the street and tomahawked. Would that Indian wars had always been waged only thus against "King Alcohol," and that the towahawk and scalping-knife had never been used upon more sensitive heads than those of whiskey barrels. We are informed that only one man had to suffer this spirituous penalty; and that was a Mr. Meeker, who kept a shop at the lower end of the town, near the river. Whether he was made meeker or more con tumacious by the infliction of the penalty, our informant does not state. Another case which came under the cognizance of Esquire Smith, mentioned above, is related by the late Judge Thomas Scott, of Chillicothe, and quoted by Mr. Howe in his "Historical Collections of Ohio." It seems that in the spring of 1797, a fellow by the name of Brannon, stole from one of the citizens a great-coat, handkerchief, and shirt. He and his wife (who was evidently an accomplice, either before or after the fact) absconded with the property, were pursued, brought back, and held for trial. Mr. Scott says that Samuel Smith was appointed judge for the occasion; which would seem to imply that the case occurred before his formal appointment, as justice of the peace, by Governor St. Clair. However this may be, he proceeded to organize a court in regular form, empannehng a jury, and appointing attorneys for prosecution and defence. "Witnesses were examined, the cause argued, and the evidence summed up by the judge." The jury, after being out a few minutes, brought in a verdict, the substance of which was, that the defendent was guilty, and that he should be punished, at the discretion of the court. The "court," with his usual promptness, decided that the culprit might take his choice of two penalties—either to receive ten lashes, well laid on, or to be mounted on his pony upon a bare pack-saddle, and be led through the village by his wife, who should proclaim, at the door of every cabin— "This is Brannon, who stole the great-coat, handkerchief, and shirt!" He chose the latter penalty, which was inflicted; Mr. J. B. Finley (afterward a Methodist minister and chaplain of the Ohio State penitentiary), being appointed the sheriff, to see that the sentence was strictly carried out, according to the decision of the judge. T his being done, the culprits were permitted to depart in peace. In the year 1801, as we learn- from the records in the clerk's office—Edward Tiffin, afterward first governor of the State, being clerk, and Henry Massie foreman of the grand jury—a trial was held in Chillicothe, before his honor, Joseph Gilman, judge, "to inquire by the oath of honest men of the county of Ross, by whom the truth of and concerning the murder said to have been committed in the county aforesaid, by a certain John Bowman upon John Betz; may be better known, and to hear and determine the same according to law, on the third Tuesday in July, in the year one thousand eight hundred and one." The grand jury having found "a true bill" against John Bowman for murder, his trial commenced the next day; and the third day thereafter the jury brought in the following verdict: "We, the jury, find the defendant guilty in the manner and form, as he stands indicted." As so often happens in these days, the counsel for the defence moved for a new trial--one of the arguments for the motion being that Ross county was not in the United States, but was simply a territorial county! The motion was granted by the judge (whether from the force of that ingenious argument, or not, we cannot say), and a new trial was ordered. The very next day (such was the judicial dispatch of those times) a new jury brought in their verdict, now changed to manslaughter ; and, in accordance with the law, the criminal was branded in the hand, in the presence of the court, by the sheriff. The following case, with which we close our list of causes celebres, occurred after the judicial machinery of the State had been put in operation, but while much of the old regime still characterized the administration of justice : About the year 1810, David Ogden, a land owner and renter, a lover of justice and good whiskey, and a practical economist, being one day in Chillicothe on horseback, met a stranger inquiring for a farm to rent. With an eye to business, Mr. Ogden invited the stranger to go out and look at his land. So, after sundry square drinks and other less important matters had been disposed of, the twain started for Mr. Ogden's home, both mounted upon his horse, and both aware that the loose change, left after the charges at the counter and bar had been HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 185 duly settled, was tied in one corner of Mr. Ogden's bandanna handkerchief and deposited in his coat pocket. Taking the old Portsmouth road over Patton's hill, they arrived home some time after dark. After supper Mr, Ogden, wishing to regale his little ones with the sight of some bright half-dollars, sought the bandanna purse, but lo! it was nowhere to be found. "Hold that door!" cried Mr. Ogden to his son-in-law who happened to be present, "for by the " (Mr. Ogden was evidently a Jacksonian Democrat), "this stranger has stolen my money." At the same time he seized the poker, and demanded of his new associate to shell out before he was thrashed. It is recorded, as one of the "remarkable coincidences," that the man who rode the crupper that night, tremblingly drew forth the same amount of change that Mr. Ogden started home with--no more, no less—the only item of deficit being the aforesaid bandanna. All Mr. Ogden's persuasive powers, emphasized by the uplifted poker, failed to call forth this flag of truce. The recovery of his money by no means satisfied our hero's love of justice. And so, with the heroic utterance, "the laws of old Ross must be enforced," the self- appointed sheriff and his submissive prisoner start out into the darkness, mounted as before (the silver being left safely locked up at home), and seek the residence of Squire C—, two miles down on Deer creek. The magistrate, being aroused from his slumbers, and learning what was wanted, proceeded at once with the case, which was much simplified and expedited by a confession of the prisoner. The Squire's sense of justice and of what was due to the offended majesty of the law, would not permit him to let the prisoner go unpunished, notwithstanding his confession and his forced restoration of the stolen money. On the other hand, his love of economy made him shrink from subjecting "old Ross" to the expense of keeping the prisoner in jail during the number of months which must elapse before the court would sit, as well as to the heavy and needless costs of a trial, in a case whose preliminary examination had really left nothing to try. After much cogitation, however, he concluded to let the culprit choose between going to jail and having fifteen lashes "well laid on," by the hands of the plaintiff. It did not take the prisoner long (for, like the rest of us, he loved liberty) to decide in favor of the latter penalty. Therefore, the rods being produced by the Squire's son, the hands of the prisoner tied to a small mulberry tree, and all things in readiness, Mr. Ogden proceeded to assert the supremacy of the law, and satisfy the demands of justice in accordance with "his honor's" instructions. But having inflicted one-third of the prescribed number of blows, which, though well laid on, were mere flea bites, in comparison with what his muscle was capable of, he happened to think of the missing bandanna, and paused to ask the culprit what he had done, with it. This the latter, whose obstinacy had been stung into new life by the blows, doggedly refused to tell; whereupon, the executioner coolly announced that from that point in the count each blow would double the vim of its predecessor, till the required confession had been made. In vain the victim writhed, and danced, and struggled. Mr. Ogden was as good (or as bad) as his word, and by the time the tenth blow had been whizzed through the air and lighted upon the quivering flesh of the culprit, he had confessed, in whimpering tones, that he had thrown away the missing article on Patton's hill, as a means of concealing his guilt. The remaining blows were, therefore, more lightly laid on. And, when all was done, the two, mounted on the same horse, as before, returned to Patton's hill, and there, having found the lost handkerchief, as the honest thief had said, they parted, the one a sadder man, and both, let us hope, wiser, as well as more sober than on the previous evening. Mr. Ogden arrived home about daylight, feeling that "old Ross " owed him a debt of gratitude (which she has perhaps never paid), as well as the usual sheriff's fees prescribed in such cases. Somewhat later, when a greater degree of order and system had been introduced into the juditure of the State, the public whipping-post became one of the institutions of the county, as much as the judge's seat or the jail. It stood in front of the old court house, on the left hand side of the walk leading from Paint street to the entrance of that building. Here petty offenders were often publicly whipped by the sheriff, and the commencement of such an executron never failed to fill the court house yard with a motley crowd of spectators. Many stories of the scenes enacted on such occasions, have been handed down—some orally, and some in print— but we have never heard or seen any which we think would add either to the interest or the dignity of these pages. CHILLICOTHE IN 1807. In the year above named, Mr. F. Cuming, setting out from Philadelphia on the eighth of January, made a tour through the western country, a history of which, together with some other matters, was published at Pittsburgh in 1810. The account of his visit to Chillicothe, August 13, 1807, contains, in spite of a few inaccurate statements and quaint expressions, a very enjoyable pen- picture of the town as it then was. In explanation of one of his statements, it may not be amiss to remind the modern reader that, at the time Mr. Cuming wrote, the confluence of the Scioto with the Ohio was, as he states, "between Portsmouth and Alexandria"—the latter place, which was just below the mouth of the Scioto, having been abandoned many years ago, on account of its low and exposed situation— although it had become a place of several hundred inhabitants and considerable business. It is said that the ruins of a solitary stone building, near the bank of the Ohio, constitute the 0nly existing relic of the deserted and well-nigh forgotten village. In correction of two of his mis-statements, we take the liberty of saying first, that a plain situated between high hills, and subject (in part) to occasional overflow, can hardly be called an "elevated plain ;" and, secondly, that we do not believe it was ever the fashion, in Chillicothe, to build houses, public or private, in the streets. 24 186 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. With these too obvious to be necessary suggestions, we proceed to give the article verbatim. "Chillicothe, which signifies town in most of the Indian dialect, is Most beautifully situated on the right bank of the Scioto, about forty- five miles by land, and nearly seventy, following its meanderings, from the confluence of that river with the Ohio, between Portsmouth and Alexandria. In all that distance the river has a gentle current, and unimpeded navigation for large keels and other craft for four feet draught of water. It continues navigable for smaller boats and batteaux upwards of one hundred miles above Chillicothe, towards its source to the northward, from whence it glides gently through a naturally rich, level and rapidly improving country. " The situation of the town, which is the capital of the State, is on an elevated and extensive plain, of nearly ten thousand acres of as fine a soil as.any in America, partly in cultivation and partly covered with its natural forests. This plain is nearly surrounded by the Scioto, which, turning suddenly to the northeast from its general southerly course, leaves the town to the southward of it, and then forms a great bend to the eastward and southward. " Water street, which runs about east by north, is half a mile long, and contains ninety houses. It is eighty-four feet wide, and would be a fine street had not the river floods caved in the bank in one place, near the middle, almost in the center of it. There is now a lottery on foot to raise money for securing the bank against any further encroachments of the river. "Main street, parallel to Water street, is one hundred feet wide, as is Market street, which crosses both at right angles, and in which is the market house, a neat brick building eighty feet long. The courthouse in the same street, is neatly built of freestone, on an area of forty- five by forty-two feet, with a semi-circular projection in the rear, in which is the bench for the judges. It has an octangular belfry rising from the roof, painted white, with green lattices, which is an ornament to the town ; as is the small, plain belfry of the Presbyterian meetinghouse, a handsome brick building on Main street, in which street, also, is a small brick Methodist meeting-house. These are the only places of public worship in the town, if I except the court house, which is occasionally used by the Episcopalians and other sects. "The whole number of dwelling houses in Chillicothe, as I counted them, is two hundred and two, besides four brick and a few frame ones, now building. I reckoned six taverns with signs, which small proportion of houses of that description speakes volumes in favor of the place. There are fourteen stores, a post-office, and two printing offices, which each issues a gazette weekly. "The site of the town being on a gravelly soil, the streets are generally clean. The houses are of freestone, brick, or timber clapboarded, the first of which is got in the neighborhood, is of a whitish brown color, and excellent for building. They are mostly very good, and are well painted. On the whole, I think Chillicothe is not exceeded in beauty of plan, situation, or appearance, by any town I have seen in the western part of the United States. "There is a remarkable Indian monument in Mr. Walchup's [Winsip's] garden, in the very heart of the town. Like that at Grave creek, it is circular at the base, about seventy or eighty feet in diameter, but differs from that by being round, instead of flat, on the top, which has an elevation of about thirty feet perpendicular from the level of the plain. It is formed of clay, and though it has been perforated by the proprietor, nothing has been found to justify the common opinion of these mounts having been burrows or cemeteries. They talk of having it leveled, as it projects a little into Market street; but I think it a pity to destroy any of the very few vestiges of aboriginal population, which this country presents to the curious and inquisitive traveler. "From a steep hill, about three hundred feet perpendicular height, just outside the western extremity of the town, is a most charming view of the streets immediately below, under the eye like a plan on paper. Then the Scioto, from one hundred to one hundred and fifty yards wide, winding on the left, and some low hills about two miles beyond it, terminating the view to the northeast—while to the eastward and westward, as far as the eye can reach both ways, is spread a country, partly flat and partly rising in gentle swells, which, if cultivation proceeds in equal proportion to what it has done since Chillicothe was laid out about ten years ago, must, in a very short time, present one of the finest landscapes imaginable. "Colonel McArthur, coming to town, was polite enough to invite me to take a bed at his house, which I had passed about two miles back, in the morning. I found the situation surpassed what I had thought of it then, when I only saw it from the road, it commanding a beautiful and extensive prospect, including the town of Chillicothe, which, however, is now seen rather indistinctly on account of the foliage of some trees, on the brow of a small projecting hill, which will probably soon he cut down. "Next morning, Friday, fourteenth August, I walked before breakfast half a mile through the woods to the northward, to an elegant seat belonging to Colonel Worthington. It will be finished in a few weeks, and will he one of the best and most tasty houses, not only of this State, but to to the westward of the Alleghany mountains. It is about sixty feet square, with a square roof, and two large receding wings. It has two lofty stories, with six rooms on each floor, and cellars and vaults beneath. The wings contain kitchen, scullery, apartments for servants, etc. "Like Colonel McArthur's, it is built of freestone ; but the stone of the front is all hewn and squared, like the generality of the houses in the new part of Glasgow, in Scotland--the stone being very similar, both in color and quality. The situation is like Colonel McArthur's, being on the brow of the same ridge of hills, and affording nearly the same prospects. Both houses were built by two young Virginians of the name of Morris, who are almost self-taught masons and architects, and whose work and style does them much credit. "I returned to town on Friday after breakfast, and dined, supped and slept at Muker's [Meeker's], which is a very good and well frequented inn ; and at five o'clock on Saturday, the fifteenth August, I left Chillicothe in the stage with a Mr. McCammon, of Charleston, and two other passengers." THE FIRST MILL ON THE SCIOTO—A "CORNER ON CORN" SPOILED BY COONS. The first mill built on the Scioto was located at the lower end of the little prairie opposite the mouth of Stony creek, and at the head of a small island. It was built by a Mr. Stanbury, and was called a floating mill, the simple machinery being supported by two large canoes anchored in the stream; and was nothing more than a corn cracker. The canoes were placed some distance apart, so as to leave a shoot between them where the wheel worked, and, beneath, smoothly hewed logs were placed to facilitate the flow of the water. An old settler speaks of seeing this "shoot," years after the mill was abandoned, when out gigging fish in the river. This famous floating mill must have been in use previous to the erection of Thomas Worthington's mill, which was built in 1798, and which is characterized by Howe, in his "Historical Collections," as the first "worthy of the name in the valley." An amusing story is told illustrating a pioneer "corner" in the grain business, of those early times. Corn being very cheap along the valley of the Scioto, a Mr. Gilmore, who had succeeded Stanbury in the floating mill, was seized with the desire of turning an honest penny by taking corn to Jackson Salt Works by water. The almost impassable roads between Chillicothe and that point had put up the price of corn to such an extent as to suggest g0lden visions in the way of profits. Loading a fleet of canoes with corn, he sailed out of port with what seemed a reasonable expectation that he was on the high road to fortune. It is not strange that the topography of the environs of the infant capital was not well understood at that time, and it was as true then as in the time of Scioto's bard, that "the best laid plans of mice and men gang aft agley." Descending the Scioto to the mouth of Salt creek, Mr. Gilmore commenced the ascent of that stream, taking the branch which led to Jackson. Though rather up-hill business, all obstacles were sur- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 187 mounted, until, one day, though quite out of the programme laid down in his sailing papers, he was compelled to acknowledge himself the discoverer of the falls, or rapids, of the Salt, where he had hoped to realize the rise in corn, and here the gallant fleet was compelled to strike its colors. But Admiral Gilmore's genius was not of the kind to desert him in the straits or rapids. Looking about him, he saw that this was the place for his mill, What a wealth of water-power was here, ready to be utilized ! So, putting his corn into cribs, and thus, like a true commander, creating a base of supplies, he left, with the determination of bringing the mill to the corn. Not returning as soon as he had intended, what was his amazement to find that the coons and squirrels had mistaken his magazine for an advanced depot of the sanitary commission, and had quietly divided the whole store among the most needy in the neighborhood. Thinking he read in this last repulse the fiat of fate, Mr. Gilmore decided to abandon the mill. Whether this experience of a pioneer financier gave rise to the expression so long used by politicians to indicate a defeat, namely: "Rowed up Salt river," we are not able to say. THE OLD BRIDOE OVER THE SCIOTO. If we should "speak well of a bridge that has carried us safe over," what should be the measure of our commendation for one that, for sixty-two years, has given safe transit to unnumbered wayfarers ? The old river bridge can hardly be said to be "a thing of beauty," though to the tax-payers of Ross county, in consideration of its long service, it has some claims to be considered "a joy forever." Already in the seventh decade of a century, it is still standing as firmly on its honest foundation as when, in 1817, its builders, sending home the last spike, pronounced it complete. Then, we are told, a dense forest stood on the east side of the river, but it stands there no longer; and no doubt, the now venerable bridge, in its youthful days, often trembled through every fiber of its frame, as the ancient monarchs of the wood came down with a crash, that startled the echoes along old Logan's sides. But it has stood firm under the shock of falling monarchs, against swollen waters and wrestling winds, and deserves not only a new covering and road-bed, but to be written up with other notables that span the chasm between the past and present. When, rn 1797, Zane, in compliance with his agreement with congress, cut a road through the wilderness from Wheeling, Virginia, to Limestone, Kentucky, and established a ferry on the Scioto, at the point where that road, or trace, crossed the river, it no doubt seemed to the embryo city a piece of good fortune for which to be devoutly thankful. From that date until 185, the ferry had sufficed for the business and travel of Chillicothe, and that, too, during the days 0f its most rapid growth, and also of its greatest exaltation. The "pleasure of congress," which was the limit of Zane's obligation to maintain ferries, had ceased long before this date to require it at his hands; and the ferry, for years, had been maintained as a private enterprise. A growing conviction that a bridge would add greatly to the business facilities of the city, culminated, in the last named year, in the formation of a company to erect the first bridge over the Scioto. The following, as near as can be ascertained, are the names of those belonging to the bridge company: John Waddle, John Carlisle, Humphrey Fullerton, Wm. McFarland, James S. Donohoo, John McLandburgh, and Joseph Miller. John McLandburgh was appointed treasurer, and elected in that capacity until his death, in 1821, after which event Mrs. Margaret McLandburgh, his widow, and a woman of. great business capacity, attended to the duties of that office for some time, until the appointment of Henry Johnston. A Mr. Fox, from Zanesville, was the architect, who also had the general supervision of the work. The bridge was commenced in 1816; the iron for its construction being brought from Pittsburgh, down the Ohio, and up the Scioto, in keel-boats. Delay in receiving the iron prevented the completion of the bridge the first year, and an unusual rise in the river in the spring of 1817 carried off a portion of the structure. Nothing daunted, however, the company resumed the work at the earliest possible moment; and during the fall of 1817, or early in the winter of 1818, the bridge was completed, and the ferry became at once a thing of the past. For twenty years the Scioto bridge was private property and, of course, a toll bridge; but in 1837 it was purchased by the county commissioners and declared free. While it was continued a toll bridge, Barney Lauman was for many years the toll gatherer. The ferry was about fifty yards below the bridge, and was first, for many years kept by Benjamin Urmston, who opened the second tavern in Chillicothe. Afterwards, and perhaps within the memory of persons now living (1880), the ferry was in charge of a colored man known as "Fullerton's Jack." Many showy and expensive structures, at home and abroad, have lived their short-lived span and gone down to silence, carrying with them the precious freightage that had been committed to their boasted strength (only yesterday the world's wonder, the bridge over the Tay, with an entire train, was buried in forty-five feet of water) since the old Scioto bridge was built; but still it stands, unpretending, ungraceful, if you will; but how fine a symbol of unswerving integrity, in an age given to reckless display, followed by ruinous collapse. FIRST FLAT-BOAT DOWN THE SCIOTO. A writer in one of the Columbus papers having made the claim that a citizen of that place, who came to Ohio in 1818, built the first flat-boat that ever went from the Scioto country to New Orleans, the following statement is made in the interest of historic accuracy: Mr. Samuel Scall, of Chillicothe, piloted a flat-boat from this vicinity to New Orleans, about the year 1804, and made forty-nine trips as pilot of flat-boats from here south, previous to the year 1822, An old citizen of this city hasalso collected the following additional statistics: "In 1804, or 1805, Messrs. McLaughlin and Carlisle ran 188 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. two flat-boats, loaded with corn and flour, out of the Scioto river, bound for New Orleans. John Waddle, then a youth of seventeen years of age, went as supercargo, and John Briney, sr., grandfather of Elias Briney (at present a resident of this city), and John Cryder, were the pilots." In 1807 James and McCoy started two boats, loaded with pork, for New Orleans, from thence to be reshipped to Havana, Mr. James being master and owner, John Cryder and John Renshaw being the pilots out of the Scioto, and this business was continued for several years. For many years afterwards quite a large number of these boats were built in Chillicothe, and the old boat-yard on the bank of the river, from Mulberry street to the bridge, presented a busy scene in the winter months. A large number of workmen were engaged on boats at this season, generally under the superintendence of James Finnemore, who was hastening the work in order to be in time for the annual spring rise of the river. The following is still a more recent discovery: Scioto Gazette, February 26, 1803: "Thursday a large Orleans boat, loaded with pork, for Messrs. James and McCoy, of this place, left for New Orleans. This is the first boat of the kind ever built upon the waters of the Scioto." A REMINISCENCE OF THE OLDEN TIME. SENATE CHAMBER, ZANESVILLE, February 7, 1812. DEAR SIR :—1 received yours of the fourth inst., but have not had time to answer it. We have just passed a resolution through both houses, directing that a joint committee be appointed to bring in a bill to fix the permanent seat of government at the high bank east of Franklinton, and the temporary seat at Chillicothe, by a majority of five in the house and one in the senate. I think the bill will pass, but you know as well as I the uncertainty of opinion. The last shock of the earthquake was terrible, but no damage was done here. I hope none has been done in Ross. DUNCAN MCARTHUR. To William Creighton, jr., Chillicothe. In connection with the above, taken from an old paper, the following extract from the autobiography of the Rev. James B. Finley, may be of interest: "This year (1812) will long be remembered as the one in which this whole region was shaken by a mighty earthquake. On the night of the twelfth of February, I was awakened by a rocking of the house in which I slept. It seemed as if my bedstead was on a rough sea, and the waves were rolling under it, so sensible were the undulations. The greatest shock was on the sixteenth day of that month. It commenced at ten o'clock, and lasted fifteen minutes. I was then in the town of Putnam, opposite to Zanesville, where the legislature was in session. It was reported that the steeple of the State house vibrated from five to six inches, like the pendulum of a clock. Slight shocks were felt almost every day and night for some time." REMINISCENCES OF AN OLD HOUSE. About the close of the last century Reuben Abrams, one of the Rev. Mr. Finley's colonists from Kentucky, built a large two-story, hewed-log house on the corner of Second and Walnut streets. The main building fronted on Second, but there was also a large two-story wing on Walnut street, and the size of the building as compared with others of the infant capital, is indicated by the sobriquet, "Abrams big house," by which it was long known. This building was designed as a hotel, and was long used for that purpose, but it was also destined to become historic in connection with the religious, political, legislative, judicial and military operations of the future State of Ohio. During the year 1798, Thomas Thompson who kept a "whiskey shop," got into a difficulty with an intoxicated Indian in the street. The Indian was on horseback, and Thompson struck him with a handspike, felling him to the ground, and badly fracturing his skull. He was immediately taken to Camp Bull, about a mile north of the town, where the Indians were quartered under the command of a Cherokee chief called Captain Johnny. Doctors Tiffin and McAdow were sent for, and upon examination, found trepanning was necessary. 'faking out their instruments, they at once set about the operation. The Indians who were watching the work of the doctors, soon became very angry, and with an expressive ugh! said, "One White man kill Indian, two come to scalp him." Captain Johnny tried to explain what was being done, and to quiet them, but it was contrary to their experience and observation that scalping tended to save life, and they continued to reiterate, "One white man kill Indian, and two come to scalp him," and each repetition increased their excitement. The old chief, finding they were getting beyond his control, went to the doctors, and advised them to leave, telling them that he could not prevent their murder if there should be an outbreak. The doctors did not stay upon ceremony, but gathering up their instruments, they took the Indian trail for town, and no doubt, felt much more comfortable, when they were beyond the reach of the scalping knives of the savages. The Indian died during the night, and so terribly enraged were the rest of the band, that they demanded that Thompson should be delivered up to them, and threatened the destruction of every man, woman, and child in Chillicothe, if their demand was not complied with. Some of the citizens advised his surrender; but the majority, though they must have looked upon him as a murderer, could not bring themselves to consent to the barbarities of an Indian execution. "Abrams' big house," being the largest in the town, was used as a place of safety for the women and children the rest of the night, and the streets were patrolled by armed men, in constant expectation of an attack. The Indians were more numerous than the whites, and who can say that the tragedy of Wyoming might not have been re-enacted, had not their rage been restrained. Negotiations with the Indians, resulted, finally, in pacifying them. Presents were made to the friends of the murdered Indian, and a promise given them to punish Thompson according to the laws of the United States. Thompson was arrested, and after being held in confinement for a time, was allowed to escape. When this was known, the Indians, according to their custom, felt called upon to avenge the murder, and a brother of the Indian who had been killed, known as Jack Hot, and another relative, killed two young men on Jonathan's creek, and escaped to Canada. This information was given by the Indians to the Rev. James B. Finley, who was a missionary among them. The first Methodist ministers that ever officiated in HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 189 Chillicothe, the Rev. Edward Tiffin and Rev. E. Harr, preached in Abrams' big house. There, also, the first constitutional convention met, in 18o2, and the first legislature of Ohio, in 1803.* The first courts, after the erection of Ross county, in 1798, were held in this same building. In 1812, the United States troops were quartered in this historical structure, and from that time it went by the name of the Chillicothe barracks. The recruiting officers stationed at the barracks during the war were Colonel Tod, Jack Longhorn, first lieutenant, and William Shogg, second lieutenant. The officers boarded at Baysey's and Phillips' taverns. During the same time, British prisoners of war were quartered at Camp Buil, and the British officers boarded at the taverns above named. Having thus set forth the claims of this building to rank among the most interesting of the olden time, it is necessary only to say that it stood until about the year 1845, when it was taken down, and the hewed logs, of which it was built, appropriated to other uses. A portion of the material, it is believed, still exists in an ice house, on the opposite side of Second street. It may be a long time before the people of this State will attach any sacredness to the material structure in which was framed the constitution of the great State of Ohio, but that time will doubtless come; and then a well certified relic of "Abrams' big house," though it may not make the fortune of its possessor, may still be a fortunate possession. FIRST SCHOOL-HOUSE, AND THE FIRST sCHOOLMASTER IN CHILLICOTHE. The first school-house in Chillicothe was a small log cabin, built in the last years of the last century, the precise date not known, on the northeast corner of Fourth and Paint streets, on the spot now occupied by the fine brick edifice of the late Joseph Sill, esq. The building was destitute of glass, a log cut out from the wall admitting the light thought to be necessary to insure the germination of the seed sown, or at least enough to enable the young idea, when ready, to shoot with good aim. The first teacher was Nathaniel Johnston, of Irish extraction, and regarded in his day as a good teacher. An anecdote, illustrating the honesty of this early educator of the youth of the youthful metropolis, may not be lost upon the present generation. At one of the quarterly settlements between Mr. Johnston and one of his patrons, a butcher by trade, and Daniel McCollister by name, it was found that Mr. Johnston had credited his patron with thirty dollars more for meat than the latter had him charged with. And here it is worthy of remark that two honest men were discoved by this mistake in figures. " Greek met Greek." *Howe, in his "Historical Collections of Ohio," states that the constitutional convention, and also the first session of the State legislature, were held in the old State house, which, according to him, was completed in 1801. But the venerable Dr, McAdow, relying upon the statements of men who were old when he was young, asserts that the facts, as we have given them above, are correct, "Howe's history to the contrary notwithstanding:' Mr. McCollister was not only willing to abide by his own book, but insisted upon it. Mr. Johnston was equally resolute, and ended the debate by saying: " On market mornings you are selling to A, B and C, and you are hurried and often, no doubt, you forget to charge the meat I get. I am careful to put down every pound I get, and I know I am right." If there were more neighborhood disputes of this kind, there would be fewer of a kind not necessary to describe here, but which are much less honorable to human nature. It is a positive pleasure to record the fact that a commodious frame building, with windows and a bell, was afterward built near the first structure, and that Mr. Johnston continued to teach in the new building for several years, The seats and desks in the second school-house of this city were arranged one above the other, so that the upper desk reached nearly to the ceiling. The preceptor's chair was on the floor and in the northwest corner of the room. A three-cornered space was partitioned off near his chair, which Mr. Johnston called the jail. Truants here were punished by solitary confinement in total darkness, and it is believed that the crime was not popular, and therefore not often repeated. An occurrence related by one of the pupils of that day may have had something to do with bringing truancy into disrepute. A number of the boys of this school, though not yet far advanced in the higher mathematics, had succeded in ciphering out to their own satisfaction, that change of scene and the music of the murmuring Paint were imperatively demanded. And so, on one fateful afternoon, instead of answering Mr. Johnston's bell, they hied to the thoroughfare, and, like all boys who run away from school, they went in swimming. While in the height of their enjoyment one of their number, Moses Scott, a nephew of the late Dr. McDowell, got beyond his depth and was seen to be drowning. He cried for help; but the boys, with white faces, ran away. One of them, however, the now venerable Dr. McAdow, having more presence of mind than his companions, seized a grapevine, and throwing it to the drowning boy succeded, with the help of others (who, encouraged by a good example, returned to the rescue), in drawing him upon the sand-bar. But their fright was not over; for he was found, as the youngsters afterward expressed it, "as near gone as neck is to no meat;" and it was only by dint of rolling and rubbing the half drowned subject that our embryo college of doctors for we are sure this transaction foreshadowed the future career of others beside the hero of the hour—now highly elated, had the satisfaction of delivering him into the hands of his friends at home in an advanced stage of convalesence. The youthful hero was greatly applauded by the friends of young Scott, and as all the participants had passed through a pretty severe experience, it was thought best by the proper authorities not to add to their punishment that of solitary confinement, and the jail was not brought into requisition. Nathaniel Johnston, the teacher mentioned in the foregoing sketch, was a paternal uncle of Mrs. James Mc- 190 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Landburgh. After teaching many years in Chillicothe, he retired to a farm in Springfield township, where he died about the year 1837. CHILLICOTHE ACADEMY. Among the many sources of growth and prosperity possessed by Chillicothe in the earlier days of her history, her academy must not be ranked as the least imp0rtant. If we remember the early pr0minence given to educational interests, by the founders of the city, we shall be less surprised by its almost magical development in wealth and importance, and by the prominence of so many of its citizens in all that concerned the welfare of the new State. The precise date of the founding of the academy seems to be lost in the primeval mists of the morning of Chillicothe history. But whatever may be said of the fact that all of the early records of an institution which enjoyed so wide a reputation should be lost, the fact itself confirms the claim to an early origin. The academy was built in the first years of the present century— probably 1808, or earlier, and notwithstanding the frontier position of the place, and the newness of its settlement, seems to have been singularly fortunate in the character of its instructors. Men of learning and character soon gave the academy a widespread reputation, and patronage was attracted from distant States. The location of the building, and the ample domain about it, are proofs of the liberal views of its founders, and the present condition of the building, after the lapse of three-quarters of a century, shows that in everything pertaining to this pioneer temple of learning, the best in their power to offer, was not withheld. An English school was first established in the front lower room of the building, the first teacher being Mr. Dunn, an Irishman. Mr. Dunn was succeeded in the English school by Peter Patterson. A Lancastrian school was also established in the largest second story room, the first teacher being Daniel W. Hearn. William D. Wesson was afterward at the head of this school, but no record exists as to the time of service of any of the teachers of the old academy. About the year 1813, a school of languages was opened in a smaller room on the second floor, on the west side of the building. These three schools were nut departments under a general head, but were entirely independent, The Rev. John McFarland was the first teacher of languages, and taught for many years. The Rev. Mr. McFarland was succeeded by Rev. Dr. Robert G. Wilson, a man of extensive learning and every way calculated to give character to the institution. The subsequent classical teachers were the Rev. Joseph Claybaugh, Mr. Kellogg, now living, and Rev. William T. Findley. Many of the students of the Chillicothe academy distinguished themselves in the various professions, while some occupied high stations in the State and National councils. Their regard for their alma matey, after years of separation from the scenes and companions associated with her palmy days, when she was the pride of the ancient capital, was often exemplified by pilgrimages made by her sons, for one more sight of her "classic shades," still dear, even though her glory had departed. And now, merged in a more comprehensive educational system, it becomes those who enjoy the enlarged privileges offered freely to all, to see to it that they fall behind in nothing, but maintain the high standing so long enjoyed by the alumni of the venerable predecessor of the public schools of Chillicothe. The Academy property has always been held by a board of trustees, composed of leading citizens of the place, and, in the near or far future, may emerge into an independent life, and become to the youth of the west a Phillips or a Rugby. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools of this city were organized about the year 1849, under what is known in school legislation as the "Akron law." During the first years after their organization the schools were imperfectly graded, and, in the absence of suitable buildings, occupied old churches and other rented tenements, ill adapted to school purposes. In the year 1850 two building sites were purchased by the board of education, one in they northwestern part of the city, now occupied by the western building, and one near the present railroad depot. By authority of a popular vote, b0nds were issued to provide funds for the erection of permanent and suitable school-houses. In the following year a part of the central school ground was leased from the trustees of the Chillicothe academy; and, before the close of the year, three buildings were in process of erection. By the great fire of April, 1852, the records and official papers of the board of education were destroyed, though, happily, the school buildings all escaped the conflagration, and two of them, the eastern and western, were completed in the fall of that year. The organization of the schools, previous to the completion of the new buildings, was as follows: Board of education, Allen G. Latham, president; Amasa D. Sproat, secretary; Jacob Wolfe, treasurer; Dr. Louis W. Foulke, Jacob May, and William McKell. Superintendent, Daniel W. Hearn. High school for boys, on Main street, Thomas C. Hearn, principal; William Baird, assistant. High schools for girls, on Main street, Sarah M. Burnside. Second grade school for girls, on High street. Catharine Adams, principal; Mary Bird, assistant. Primary school for boys, on High street, Sarah Pierson. Second grade school for boys, on Main street, Josiah L. Hearn. Primary school for both sexes, on Paint street, Caroline Stark. Two primary schools for both sexes, on Caldwell street, Misses Caruthers and Meech. William T. McClintock, Nathaniel Wilson, and Samuel F. McCoy, were the examiners. The total cost of tuition for the year 1851, was two thousand six hundred and ninety-three dollars and thirty-three cents. Total expenses of the schools, exclusive of building fund, three thousand and eighty-three dollars and thirty-one cents. Total enumeration of youth, two thousand one hundred and sixty-eight. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 191 In the fall of 1852, upon the occupancy of the new buildings, a more systematic grading was aimed at, and male principals were placed in charge of each building, who were to instruct the higher classes, while female teachers were employed for the lower grades. Mr. L. E. Warner was made general superintendent. In 1853 the central building was completed, and the high schools were transferred thither. During the same year the first provision was made for teaching the colored children of the city. John B. Bowls, Joseph D. Hackley, and Miss A. E. Chancellor, were the first teachers. In 1854 Mr. E. H. Allen was made principal of the high school, and the following year, superintendent, when, through his influence, the schools were reorganized under the following classifications: First, primary schools, a three years' course; second, secondary schools, a three years' course; third, grammar schools, a two years' course; fourth, a high school, covering four years of instruction; the boys and girls, throughout the course, mingling in the various classes. The general superintendent was dispensed with. The principals of the high and grammar schools constituted a board of superintendence, the principal of the high school being president of the board. This system continued in force, with a short interval, until 1874. In 1855 the school library was formed. The teachers, by personal contributions, and with the proceeds of a fair held for the purpose, raised sufficient funds to purchase about eight hundred volumes. The Alethean society and the Worthington literary society, local organizations, contributed their collections of books and cabinets. To these were added the books furnished by the State, under the law of 1853. For several years the teachers voluntarily contributed one per cent. of their salaries to the same object. In 1860 there were about one thousand seven hundred volumes in the library. In 1859 the first class which had completed the entire course of study, graduated from the high school. Their names were Maria McKell, Margaret McKell and Olivia Allston. In the fall of 1861, the whole male force, the general superintendent and two principals in the public schools of Chillicothe resigned to enlist in the war for the preservation of the republic; a record honorable alike to the men, the schools and the city. Their names are as follows : Edward H. Allen, general superintendent; Benjamin F. Stone and James A. Morgan, principals. For a portion of the following year the schools were officered and taught by ladies, and the official records of that date do not show that the instruction was less efficient, or the discipline less firm than in former years. In 1864, upon petition of a large number of citizens, instruction in German was provided for, and, about the same time, the high school course was reduced to three years. Two years later it became apparent that the existing school accommodations were insufficient, and additional school rooms were rented in the eastern and western subdistricts. As the location of the eastern building, adjacent to the railroad, had long been considered an evil, the board wisely determined to sell the premises and rebuild on a larger scale, in a safer location, and also, to make an addition to the western building. These works were begun in 1869, and completed in 1872. The result was the erection of the magnificent eastern building at a cost, including grounds, of about seventy-five thousand dollars. The addition to the western building cost ten thousand dollars. In 1874 a lot was purchased, and a building erected for the use of the colored schools, at an expense of about eleven thousand dollars. In 1875 the building known as as the "Old Academy," was completely refitted and modernized, thus adding four excellent school-rooms for the uses of the central subdistrict. In 1874 the board of education resolved upon a reorganization of the schools. The board of superintendence was abolished, and the plan of one general superintendent, with principals at each building, was restored. The schools were classified as primary, grammar, and high school; the first two with four grades and four year's instruction, and the high school with a course of four years. The special teachers of penmanship and music were also dispensed with, and those branches remanded to the care of the superintendent and subordinate teachers. The changes reduced, materially, the cost of tuition, and, as it was believed, increased the efficiency of the schools. Under the charge of the general superintendent and principals, are thirty-eight teachers, four of whom teach the colored youth, and three are teachers of German, exclusively. List of superintendents, with date of entrance upon office, since 1851: Daniel Hearn, 1851; L. E. W. Warner, 1852; James Long, 1854; Edward H. Allen, 1855; Horace F. Norton, 1861; William McKee, 1862; Edward H. Allen, 1863; John H. Brenneman, 1865; G. N. Carruthers, 1874; William Richardson, 1877-80. Principals of high school and grammar schools since 1852 : High school. O. T. Reeves, 1853; E. H. Allen, 1854; R. E. Beecher, 1860; H. F. Norton, 1861; William McKee, 1862; R. R. Brown, 1863; E. H. Allen, 1864; J. H. Brenneman, 1865; F. H. Geer, 1874; H. P. Ufford, 1876: Rose L. Gorsline, 1879-80. Grammar school, western building. R. W. McFarland, 1852; Enoch Blanchard, 1853; I. B. Chamberlain, 1854; W. J. Sage, 1855; A. T. Wiles, 1856; F. C. Smith, 186o; Maria Crane, 1861; J. W. Brenneman, 1862; William Taylor, 1865; C. W. Bright, 1868; J. W. Dowd, 1869; Louise Kopp, 1874. Grammar school, eastern building.—T. C. Hearn, 1852; T. A. Fullerton, 1853; G. H. Clark, 1854; D. C. McCloy, 1856; James A. Morgan, 1857 ; Lydia D. Adair, 1861; Hugh Boyd, 1862; W. F. Boyd, r866; J. H. Poe, 1867; Lydia D. Adair, 1874-80. The total valuation of all school property is one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The current expenses for 1879, were twenty-nine thousand eight hundred and 192 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO fourteen dollars and fifty-eight cents. The total enumeration of youth, for the same, three thousand four hundred and four. PRIVATE SCHOOLS. The history of the Chillicothe schools would be incomplete without a notice of two undenominational private schools now taught in the city. The first of these is the CHILLICOTHE SEMINARY, of which Miss Mary Douglas is the principal. This school is the successor to the Female seminary, which was established many years before the adoption of the public school system. It first occupied a frame building on the north side of Fifth street, east of Paint; and subsequently a two-story brick, on the south side of the same street, west of Paint, on ground which, as we are informed, belongs to the old academy corporation. This is the building now occupied by Miss Douglas, partly as a school for young girls, and partly as a residence for herself and mother. The second of the two schools that we desire to mention, is J. H. POE'S PRIVATE SCHOOL, located on the east side of Hickory street, south of Fourth. This school belongs to the class usually denominated select schools, and is designed for the accommodation of those students, of both sexes, who desire to prosecute some special studies, without entering upon the prescribed course in the graded schools. Mr. .Poe is well qualified for this work, having served several years acceptably as principal of the high school. The patronage of both these institutions is somewhat limited, owing to the popularity of the public schools; but we have the cheerfully given testimony of Superintendent Richardson, that they are both doing excellent service in the cause of education. AN EPISODE OF THE WAR OF 1812. Many of the present generation of this historic city, through the vivid impressions transmitted by those who were actors in the thrilling scenes which marked that season of terror, when the danger seemed imminent that the whole line of frontier settlements would be devastated by the merciless savages under Tecumseh and the Prophet, have doubtless a feeling of exclusive proprietorship in the exploits of the heroes of those stirring times. And though the fame of Harrison, of Croghan, and of countless other heroic men of that heroic period, comprising the settlement of Ohio, is indeed the heritage of the Nation, yet, in a peculiar sense does it belong to the descendants of those mot hers, whose homes were threatened with scenes of carnage which are known only in savage warfare, and froth which the stoutest heart shrinks, appalle d. To them the victories, of Fort Meigs and Fort Stephenson, of Lake Erie and the Thames, were not merely the triumph of American arms; they were deliverance, to them and their children, from the tomahawk and the scalping knife. And to the heroes through whom this deliverance had been wrought, the hearts of these happy mothers went out in warmest gratitude and admiration. A gentleman of culture, yet living, the son of a mother reared in a home which was itself the center of all the amenities and refinements which distinguished the "Old Dominion," still retains vague memories of that war, and of his "angel mother." The husband and father had joined the eager throng that pressed forward in response to the call from General McArthur, and so had nearly every male member of the settlements; thus leaving the women and children a prey to the most torturing fears of Indian attacks, and their attendant horrors. A noble dog, called Dragon, was the only protector of this mother, whose heroism enabled her to make home cheerful for the little ones she was powerless to defend. Wakened one night by the loud barking of their faithful sentinel, the boy of scarcely three summers was clasped in a close embrace, and these words, which he has never forgotten, were whispered by trembling lips ; "I am afraid old Dragon smells Indians." Another memory is that of seeing his mother weeping for joy over a paper announcing the raising of the siege of Fort Meigs. During the three months following the last of October, 1813, the combined forces, under the brutal Proctor, had been twice compelled to abandon the siege of Fort Meigs, though not without the price of much patriot blood. The praise of Harrison was on every lip, and in the army and out of it, he was hailed as the deliverer of the frontier settlements from that extermination which the British, with the aid of the Indians, had hoped to effect. With this refreshing of our memories, we are prepared to appreciate the enthusiasm which hailed the gallant achievement of Major Croghan and the band of young heroes who shared the dangers and the honors of his exploit. Fort Stephenson was a small stockade, capable of holding about two hundred men ; and, during the time that the troops under Harrison lay at Lower Sandusky, its defense had been committed to Major Croghan, Captain Hunter, Lieutenants Baylor, Johnson and Meeks, Ensigns Ship and Duncan, and one hundred and sixty privates, all young and intrepid men. Near the last of July, 1813, a large force of British and Indians left the Maumee, with the intention, as was soon discovered by our scouts, of attacking the forces rapidly concentrating under General Harrison on the Sandusky. On the approach of the enemy, a council of war declared the fort to be untenable. In pursuance of this decision, the commander-in-chief sent orders to Major Croghan to abandon the fort, destroy the public property, and retreat to Seneca, the position which had been chosen, some miles above Lower Sandusky, as the best about which to collect troops, then hastening forward from the Scioto valley, and also to protect the vast military stores at Upper Sandusky. The order to evacuate did not reach Croghan till the enemy was already in the vicinity, and he decided to hold his position. Harrison sent an escort to bring the subordinate who decided questions of such grave import for himself, to headquarters. The interview showed the great chieftain to be superior to all HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 193 considerations but those of the public good. Convinced that the delay of his orders, through an accident to the messengers, had compelled the holding of the post or the almost certain destruction of the Spartan band, he treated Croghan with the greatest kindness, and returned him, under an escort, to his command. This detachment met a company of twelve Indians, and in the fight which ensued, killed all but one. Captain Ryan, afterward a resident of Chillicothe, killed a savage with his sword, who had his tomahawk upraised for a death- dealing blow. The attack of the British, with a greatly superior force, aided by cannon and mortars, and the almost incredible defence of Fort Stephenson, are matters of household familiarity. The final assault, with its signal failure, and the disappearance of the fleet down the river and bay, hastened no doubt by the knowledge that Harrison would not fail soon to strike a blow, occurred on the second of August. On the thirteenth of the same month, the ladies of Chillicothe, then the capital of the State, presented to the youthful hero a sword, accompanied by an address, in public acknowledgment of his bravery and military skill. It seems most fitting that the documents and signatures embodying this interesting event, should find a place in the present volume. CHILLICOTIIE, August 13, 1813. SIR:—In consequence of the gallant defence, which under the influence of Divine Providence, was effected by you and the troops under your command, of Fort Stephenson, at Lower Sandusky, on the evening of the second instant, the ladies of the town of Chillicothe, whose names are undersigned, impressed with a high sense of your merit as a soldier and a gentleman, and with great confidence in your patriotism and valor, present you with a sword. To MAJOR GEORGE CROGHAN. Signed by MARY FINLEY, CATHARINE. FULLERTON, MARY STERISET, REBECCA M. ORR, ANN CREIGHTON, SUSAN WALKE, ELIZA CREIGIITON, ANN M. DUNN, ELEANOR LAMB, MARGARET KEYS, NANCY WADDLE, CHARLOTTE JAMES, ELIZA CARLISLE, ESTHER DOOLITTLE, Mary A. SOUTHARD, ELEANOR BUCHANNAN, SUSAN D. WHEATON, MARGARET MCFARLAND, RUHAMAH IRWIN, DEBORAH FERREE, JUDITH DELANO, JANE M. EVANS, MARGARET MCLANDBURCH, FRANCES BRUSH, MARGARET MILLER, MARY CURTIS, ELIZABETH MARTIN, MARY BROWN, NANCY MCARTHUR, JANE McCOY NANCY KER CATHARINE HOUGH, MARTHA SCOTT, SALLY MCLANE. ELEANOR WORTHINGTON, To this letter Major Croghan replied at Lower Sandusky, on the twenty-fifth of August : LADIES OE CHILLICOTHE :--I have received the sword which you have been pleased to present to me, as a testimonial of your approbation of my conduct on the second instant. A mark of distinction so flattering and unexpected, has excited feelings which I cannot express. Yet, while I return you thanks for the unmerited gift you have thus bestowed, I feel well aware that my good fortune, which was bought by the activity of the brave soldiers under my command, has raised in you expectations from my future efforts, which must, I fear, be sooner or later disappointed. Still, I pledge myself, even though fortune should not he again propitious, that my exertions shall he such as never to cause you in the least to regret the honors you have been pleased. to confer on your "youthful soldier." A FITTING FINALE. Seldom do the facts of history come into more perfect accord with our ideas of what has been called "poetic justice," than in the closing scene, (so far as the ancient metropolis is concerned,) of this most thrilling drama. Harrison, the hero of Tippecanoe, and of the Thames, the deliverer, under Providence, from an overwhelming calamity, retired with little remuneration, save the warmest gratitude and love of many hearts, to his farm at North Bend. Called almost immediately from this seclusion to the councils of the State, and soon to the Senate of the United States, after years of public service, he returned again, in 1829, not enriched with spoils, but without a stain upon his escutcheon, to the seclusion of his farm. Faithful as always, even in a "few things," he acted for the following twelve years in the capacity. of clerk of the Court of Hamilton county. In 1840, the people of the west rose up in their might, to honor the man to whom honor was due, and soon the wave of enthusiasm inundated the entire nation. In September a convention of three days continuance, attended by thousands from all parts of the State, was held in Chillicothe. On the second day of this convention, the i7th of September, 184o, _a triumphal procession, extending more than a league, composed of carriages in double file and sometimes three abreast, and of horsemen eight abreast, interspersed with hands of music and all the pomp and insigna that could 'give beauty and effectiveness to so grand a scene, received and escorted into the city General Harrison and his aids, Colonels Chambers and Todd. The enthusiasm was unbounded homages to the central figure in this vast concourse seemed to be the pervading impulse. But one only of the animating scenes of those days so full of dramatic situations and of eloquent words, stands related to the honor done in the same city, to the hero of Fort Stephenson. Ten ladies, survivors of the honored thirty-seven, who had presented the sword to Croghan in 1813, presented to General Harrison a historic cane. The following extracts must close our records of these inviting themes. John Carlisle, sr., esquire, one of the oldest and most respected inhabitants of the city, and one of the earliest settlers of the Scioto valley, was deputed by the ladies to make the presentation, and these arc the closing sentences of his very eloquent address to the grand old chieftain: “And, sir, when our political battle shall have been fought and won —when you enter the presidential mansion- --be pleased to take with you this staff, as a remembrance of those surviving ladies of Chillicothe, who have been charged with censuring your military character, as a mark of that high estimation in which they hold the important services you have rendered your country in war and in peace. It was cut from one of the fields of your glory--it grew on the battle-ground of Tippeeamie, and bears the mark of that battle --a ball in the head. As the honored agent of these ladies, I now present it to you.” General Harrison received the cane, and replied in a strain of simple pathos, which must have reached every heart. We are compelled to content ourselves with brief extracts: 25 194 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. "I receive, sir, the address you have been kind enough to present to me, in behalf of the ladies of Chillicothe, who are the survivors of those who were residents here during the latter war of independence, with feelings which I am unable to describe, This is by no means the first evidence of kindness which I have received from them. I recall with great pleasure the repeated instances of their kindness and hospitality, so gratifying to the soldier after great fatigues and deprivations—kindness which I never failed to experience upon my occasional visits to their then delightful village. * * * - The interesting present which I receive from your hands, in behaif of the ladies you represent, will be preserved amongst the most precious of relics of that kind in my possession. * * * We may indulge our imaginations in the belief that the ball, which forms its most interesting ornament, had, previously to its final lodgment in the wood, passed through the heart of some gallant youth, who had been prepared by a fond mother for the battle, and for whose safe return some lovely maid was pouring forth her orisons to heaven." The following was the inscription upon the cane: "Cut on the Tippecanoe battle-ground, May 29, 184o, by Jesse Walton, of Virginia ; presented by him to J. Madeira ; by him to Jane McCoy, Eleanor Worthington, Jane M. Evans, Margaret McLandburgh, Eliza Creighton, Eliza Carlisle, Nancy Waddle, Rebecca M. Orr, Ruhama Irwin, Ann Creighton, of Chillicothe—and by them to General William H. Harrison, as a mark of their respect for his military and civil character. Chillicothe, September 17, 1840." This most interesting ceremony took place at the grove east of the city, in the presence of a vast concourse, over fifty thousand being in the city during the last day of the convention. The ladies in whose behalf the presentation was made, occupied the platform, standing while the addresses were being delivered. At the conclusion of the touching ceremony, the air was rent with the loud acclaim of thousands of the most chivalric men of whom the Nation could boast. TECUMSEH'S VISIT TO CHILLICOTHE. If, as some one has claimed, Tecumseh was the Napoleon of the western hemisphere, Chillicothe can ill afford to lose the glory of having once been visited by this remarkable Indian, though for the nonce there seems to have existed some doubt as to the spirit in which he came; and the question addressed to Lochinvar by fair Ellen's father, might well have been put to him, "Now come ye in peace or come ye in war?" The incidents of this visit, which form the foundation of the following article, are drawn principally from one of a series, entitled, "Pioneer and Historical Papers, published in the Circleville Union and Herald of 1873, and written by Thomas Winship, esq. Mr. Winship, then a boy not yet in his teens, was present at this meeting of the representatives of the two races who were contending for the possession of this fruitful valley. His statement, that the gathering was unauthorized by the general government, and entirely unofficial, shows that he was not informed of the fact that Thomas Worthington, during the interval between his two senatorial terms, which occurred at this precise time, from 1808 to 1810, was employed by the government to treat with the Indians, and though this meeting did not rise to the dignity of a general council, called to consider the details of a formal treaty, it was, nevertheless, entirely in accordance with the provisions of the authorities at Washington. The Indian tribes belonging to Tecumseh's confederacy, and under the influence of British gold, maintained a sullen and hostile attitude toward the increasing settlements in the northeastern, as well as in the southern portion of the State, and a general feeling of insecurity prevailed. With a view to ascertaining definitely the feelings and intentions of the Indians, and, if possible, to bring them into more friendly relations with the American settlements, a commission composed of members of influential persons, prominent military men and others (among whom were General Duncan McArthur, Colonel Manary, and Thomas Worthington), advanced to the frontier and invited Tecumseh, and other chiefs, to a conference, which, if held at Chillicothe, it was thought, would indicate a disposition on the part of the Indians that would tend to allay apprehension. The party were absent so long that serious fears were felt that they had fallen victims to the treachery and ferocity of the savages, though the prominent men of the commission were known to be in high favor with Tecumseh, whose power over the red men was almost absolute. They returned, however, accompanied by this renowned chief, Blue Jacket, and others. A council was held in the court house, which was filled with citizens, old and young, among whom, to the great disgust of the Indian (who is your true Mahomedan), there were many ladies. Nothing could be more repugnant to the Indian idea of the superiority of the warrior over every other class of humanity whatsoever, than the admission of " squaws" (a term applied by them to males who would not fight, as embodying the utmost possible concentration of scorn) to a council of braves, met to consider questions of peace or war. Captain William Wells, who had been a captive among the Shawanese for many years in his early life, and who spoke their language well, accompanied them on this visit as interpreter, and occupied the clerk's desk. The Indians were ranged on the north, at right angles with the desk, and on the south, facing them, sat the white commissioners. Of the incidents and results of this somewhat informal " talk " very little seems to have been left on record, except in the memory of the oldest inhabitant. But though we know that their hostility was not abated, their quick perception of the indomitable force which, in a few short moons and as with a wizard's wand, had transformed their hunting grounds into. thriving settlements, showed them, doubtless, that the council fires must remove to the distant plains, toward the setting sun. And this was a conviction which filled their savage natures with added bitterness, but they were men accessible to motives of expediency, and what they saw and heard taught them to bide their time, which came indeed, in the war with the Indians in 1811, and with Great Britain in 1812, but was too late except to furnish more victims to their savage hate. Young Winship was evidently a wide-awake boy, and gives us the following memographs which, after the lapse of more than sixty years, he assures us are as fresh in his mind "as if only of yesterday's occurrence." The Indians did not appear superior to those ordinarily seen, and not as well dressed as many often seen in Chillicothe at that time. But one of them wore ornaments, and he only a band of silver around his head, from which HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 195 hung many pendants. The neglect of dress may be attributed to two causes—first, as they had not very recently been on the war path, their great father, over the water, could not be expected to be very profuse with his gold, or (to modernize it) they had not the wherewithal to pay the tailor; secondly, Tecumseh and his associate chiefs must have-outlived their Beau Brumrnel days, and as our young friend had not then reached his, he could not be expected to appreciate the splendid physical proportions and dignified, commanding presence, so universally attributed to this noted warrior. General McArthur, we are told, opened the talk through the interpreter; the Indians replying through the same medium, and dwelling with great vehemence upon the wrongs they had sustained at the hands of the whites. They claimed that they wished to live in peace, but could not restrain their young men from retaliating. The wily savage here shelters himself under the same plea that called forth his indignant scorn, when used afterwards by Proctor to excuse the massacre of prisoners at Fort Meigs. "Sir," said Proctor, "your Indians cannot be commanded." "Begone!" retorted Tecumseh, with the greatest disdain, "you are unfit to command; go and put on petticoats." His fearlessness, as well as his innocence of circumlocution, is strikingly shown by the following charge, which was made during his impassioned harangue, and which parliamentary etiquette did not forbid the interpreter to reproduce in all its savage terseness: "The white men are bad men. They are liars." In the same paper from which these incidents are derived, mention is made of Captain Johnnie, who often visited Chillicothe and was also, as it appears, at one time in command of an Indian force encamped at Fort Bull. He is described as being six feet four inches in height, straight "as a rush" (though we believe "arrow" has long been considered the orthodox parallel for an Indian's uprightness), and being dressed in blue cloth, with his arms and silver ornaments, he was regarded by our youthful critic as a model of manly beauty, and of a most commanding presence. But if he is the Captain John mentioned in "Howe's Historical Collections" (and as he is located in the Scioto valley, in the vicinity of Paint creek, there can be no doubt of his identity), he was, with all his manly beauty, a most unmitigated barbarian, settling a dispute between himself and wife about the disposition of a child, after a mutual agreement to separate, by cleaving the little one in twain, and casting a portion at the feet of the mother! Ugh! Tecumseh was essentially a savage, but, unlike Captain John, the elements that commingled with the savage in his nature, were among the noblest that have marked man in the higher stages of enlightenment; while in the other, the malignity of the demon is added to the ferocity of the tiger. SECRET BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. Of these there are in Chillicothe fifteen, only five of which were so kind as to furnish us with the means of writing such historical sketches as we were desirous of giving. We will first present these five in the order of their organization, beginning with CHILLICOTHE COMMANDERY NO. 8, KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. A dispensation was granted for organizing this cornmandery on the eighteenth day of November, 1847, by John L. Vattier, deputy grand master. James D. Caldwell was appointed first grand commander; Joseph A. Roof, generalissimo, and Hiram Beeson, captain general. The following are the names of the first officers : Jacob S. Atwood, E. C.; John Madeira, generalissimo ; Samuel Milligan, captain general; Thomas Orr, prelate; Robert W. Denning, senior warden; William Waddle, junior warden; E. P. Kendrick, treasurer; William H. Skerrett, recorder; John R. Anderson, warder ; A. C. Ireland, standard bearer; Nathaniel Massie, sword bearer; Edward F. Lewis, sentinel. The original charter was destroyed in the great fire of April I, 1852, and a new one was granted October 15, 1853. The present officers are as follows: F. H. Rehwinkel, eminent commander; E. P. Safford, generalissimo; C. H. Howard, captain general ; Eminent Sir Robert H. Lansing, prelate; James H. Moore, senior warden; Theodore Doty, junior warden; William A. Wayland, treasurer; J. N. Miller, recorder; John McPhail, warder; J. H. McCormick, standard bearer; J. C. Bliss, sword bearer; Philip Korst, sentinel. IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN. Logan Tribe of the Improved Order of Red Men is working under a charter of the Great Council of the State of Ohio, which council holds a charter from the Great Council of the United States. Logan Tribe, No. 9 Improved Order of Red Men, was started in Chillicothe, the eleventh Sleep of Warm Moon, Grant Sun 5613, Jewish method, or, in the Christian mode, March r 1, 1852. The first sachem of the tribe elected was Robert H. Lansing. The charter members were R. H. Lansing, Addison Pierson, Samuel D. Campbell, William Mills, E. P. Safford, A. B. Conner, James Sandford and James S. McGinnis. The tribe worked for some years in the English language, but, in the year 1857, the privilege was granted them of working in the German language, which language is used at the present time. The first sachem elected in the German language, was John G. Snyder. The present mode of reckoning commences with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, which is 387, instead of 1879. The present officers are as follows: John G. Snyder, D. D. G. sachem; Fred. Schew, sachem ; Philip Fuchs, S. sachem; Crist Schenkel, I. sagamore; George Stroekle, chief of records; George. C. Zimmerman, R. of Wampum; Fred. Heiss, prophet. The present membership is sixty-five. SISTERS OF REBECCA-I. O. O. F. Martha lodge, No. 22, was instituted January 5, I870, with thirty-eight charter members. The first officers were as follows: William Beidman, N. G.; Elizabeth Lawhead, V. G.; E. J. Dufen, R. Sec.; Eliza Ulenbuch, treasurer. 196 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO The present number of members is sixty-five, and the following are the present officers: Eleanor J. Dufen, N. G.; Mrs. F. Sackman, V. G,; M. E. Butler, secretary; Elizabeth Rupel, treasurer. IONIC LODGE, NO. 6, COLORED MASONS, was organized under a dispensation granted January 10, 1879. The three principle officers were J. W. Jackson, W. M.; George W. Beard, S. W.; J. F. James, J. W. It received its charter and was regularly constituted a lodge July 19, 1871, (A. L. 5871) by the M. G. M. of the State, W, T. Boyd, of Cleveland, assisted by his G. S. W., John W. Dickinson, of Circleville, The following officers were installed for the ensuing year; J. W. Jackson, W. M.; George W. Beard, S. W.; J. F. James, J. W.; George Ryan, treasurer; S. E. Butler, secretary; W. H. Starr, S. D.; F. S. Cox, J. D.; J. B. Dinwiddie, S. S.; W, Ware, J. S.; Jeff. Ryan, tyler. The lodge started out under very favorable auspices, and at the first meeting of the grand lodge, the following year, the grand master complimented it as being second to none in the jurisdiction. The officers for the present year are George W. Hackley, W. M.; H. Hedgepeth, S. W.; W. Ware, J. W.; Archie Logan, treasurer; W. H, Starr, secretary; Thomas Cousins, S. D.; George Cousins, J. D.; James Hill, tyler. The present master was initiated into the mysteries of masonry in St. Mark's lodge, No. 6, Columbus, Ohio, in 1867, affiliated with Ionic lodge in 1874, and by faithfulness in duty has risen from the lowest to the highest office in the lodge. The enrolled membership at the present time numbers fifty-seven. Lansing Chapter of Colored R. A. M., was organized in June, 1875, under dispensation, J. F. James being chosen H. P.; J. W. Jackson, K., and W. H. Starr, S. In 1875 it received its charter, and was duly constituted by the G. H. P., Samuel Clark, of Cincinnati. The present officers are William H. Starr, H. P.; William E. Hill, K.; George W. Hackley, S.; F. S, Cox, R, A. C.; George Beard, C. of H.; E, S. Gilmore, P. S.; W. Ware, Third V,; George Hill, Second V.; A. J. Nash, First V., and James Hill, guard. Of the remaining societies, we shall have to content ourselves with merely giving their names, and the list of officers as last published. We would gladly have given extended notices had the facts been furnished. Scioto Lodge No. 6, F. and A. Masons. M. H. Watt, W. M.; J. H. Fultz, S. W.; E. C. Bartlett, J. W.; Isaiah Lord, treasurer; George Elsass, secretary; G. M. Gould, S. D.; A. C. Kopp, J. D.; Philip Korst, tyler. Chillicothe Chapter No. 4., R, A. M. Isaiah Lord, H. P.; M. H. Watt, K.; I. N, Miller, C. of H., Wesley Hayes, S.; James Moore, P. S.; John McPhail, R. A. C,; George Elsass, treasurer; C. H. Howard, secretary; Philip Korst, guard. Chillicothe Council No. 4, R. and S, M. M. M. H. Watt, T. I. M.; Philip Klein, D. I. M.; E. P. Safford, P. C. W.; J. M. Woltz, C. G.; George Elsass, treasurer; James Moore, recorder; J. H. Moore, conductor; W. C. Rhinehart, steward; Philip Korst, sentinel. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. Chillicothe Lodge, No. 24. C. W. Swan, N. G.; John Reif, V. G.; James Taylor, S.; A. L. Brown, P. S,; R. H. Lansing, treasurer ; J. M. Ingham, John Meekle, John and C. F. Dufen, trustees. Tecumseh Lodge, No. 80. Benjamin Esker, N. G.; A. H. Reutinger, V. G.; W. A. Hall, S.; William Beideman, P. S.; S, Epstine, treasurer; William Reideman, Theodore Rupel, and John Ritter, trustees. Metropolis Lodge, No. 514 (German). Charles Zimmermann, N. G.; Mr. Kramer, V. G.; Philip Griesheimer, S.; Fred. Zimmermann, P. S.; Henry Keim, treasurer; H. A. Hecht, Philip Korst, and Louis Metrett, trustees. Valley Encampment, No. 2 I. William Kell, C. P.; C. F. Dufen, H. P.; James Taylor, S. W.; W. W. Fair, J. W,; W. D. Taylor, scribe; J. M. Ingham, treasurer; R. H. Lansing, W. W. Fair, and Israel Berdernan, trustees. KNIGHTS OF HONOR. Rufus Hosler, dictator ; John S. Anderson, vice-dictator; W. V. Lawrence, past dictator; John H. Miller, reporter; C. A. Beery, financial reporter; R. H. Patterson, treasurer; Theodore Spetnagel, chaplain. ROYAL ARCANUM. John S. Anderson, regent; J. H. Bennett, vice-regent; S. L. Fleming, orator; John P. Schaffer, secretary; C. A. Beery, collector; A. E. Culter, treasurer. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. J. P. Dieter, C. C.; Frank J. Esker, V. C.; J. M. Ingham, prelate; Charles Frey, K. of R. and S.; Israel Beideman, NI. of F.; Samuel Epstine, M. of Ex.; W. W. Fair, M. at A.; Thomas Brown, I. G.; W. D. Taylor, 0. G. * FIRE DEPARTMENT. In early times, the means for extinguishing fires in this city was very meager. Water could be obtained only from wells and private cisterns, or from the Scioto river. One small fire engine and leather buckets were about the only fire apparatus. Property holders were required by ordinance to supply themselves with buckets, in number according to the value of their property. These buckets were marked with the owner's name, and were required to be kept hung up in porches or other convenient places, ready for use. Fire wardens were appointed, whose duty it was to control and direct operations at fires, see that buckets and other apparatus were kept in repair and in proper place, and examine the construction of flues and the arrangement of stovepipes, with a view to guarding against danger. Colonel John Madeira and Mr. James Howard, two of the most respected citizens, acted for many years in that capacity, continuing their duties at fires, even after a volunteer department was well organized. In looking over the old records of the city council, we noticed where it was made the duty of the marshal, "on the breaking out of a frre, to unlock the engine house, * Condensed from an able and elaborate article prepared for this work by A. C. Ireland. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 197 ring the court house bell, and cause 'fire!" to be cried in the streets. The construction of the Ohio canal, and afterward the "Hydraulic," with its basin, gave additional advantages in the supply of water. These, and a large basin belonging to the Carson mill, on Fifth street, together with eight fire cisterns, ranging from five to eight hundred barrels each, form the present water supply, which will be augmented as occasion requires, either by the addition of other cisterns, or by water works. In 1845, the fire department consisted of three cornpanies, with two engines and a hook and ladder truck. The Citizen company, No. 1, was composed of the older citizens, their engine being a " Sellers & Pennock" of Philadelphia—a suction engine, with horizontal double-acting chamber, worked by end-levers operating the pump by a "bell-crank" connection. It was not a handy machine, but still did good service in its day. This company also had a two-wheeled tender and one thousand feet of good leather hose. The Rescue company, No. 2, comprised the younger part of the community. They had a small "Pat. Lyon" engine, of Philadelphia, worked by end-levers, chambers about four or five inches in diameter—not a suction engine, but supplied by buckets. The Hook and Ladder company had quite a large and able membership, but their apparatus was of primitive style, being home-made. Still it was of good service, and, in the day of old frame houses and stables, was frequently brought into requisition. About the year 1846, the city council purchased a new side-brake engine, eight-inch chamber, built by William Smith, of New York, and one thousand feet of leather hose. They had a two-wheeled tender built, and the new apparatus was given to the Rescue company. With this acquisition they increased in numbers and activity, and for many years, continued to perforffi valuable service. After the Rescue was supplied with its new engine, the little "Pat. Lyon" was turned over to a new company, the Relief, No. 3, which was organized on the twenty-third of February, 1847, by citizens of the Third ward. This engine the company used for some years, when it was sold, the city supplying them first with a large, side-brake "Button" machine, and afterward with a piston steam-engine which, on the organization of the paid department, was turned over again to the city. The following is a list of the charter members of this company: Edward Adams, William McCollister, John F. Waddle, William Cain, William H. Thompson, R. B. Veail, Thomas W. Summersett, James Miller, A. Nebergall, John R. Allston, E. G. Doan, John M. Doty, G. Gessler, Samuel Long, Nelson Hoadley, Abraham Doll, William L. Hiser, J. W. Weir, U. P. Wheaton, J. T. Robinson, William B. Flood, David Veail, jr., and Ferdinand Albright. The Phoenix company, No. 4, was next organized by a number of German citizens, who purchased an engine in Germany. It was rather an old-fashioned affair, as compared with those of American build. The brass work was handsomely finished, but the style of machinery was antiquated—chambers about seven inches— a forcing engine only, like the "Pat. Lyon," mentioned above. After using it for some years at a great disadvantage, they procured a suction engine, built by Shaw & West, machinists, of this city. But after running the two for some time, and finding it much more laborious, as it divided the effective force of the company, they disposed of both, and were supplied with a steam rotary engine, of Seneca Falls make, which has been in service thirteen years, and is a part of the present department. The Reliance company, No. 5, was founded on the ninth of January, 1851, and was, in its day, one of the prominent institutions of the city. Composed of men of respectability, of stout physique, in the prime of manhood, drawn from the industrious classes, the very bone and sinew of the community, no wonder the citizens of that day could place reliance on their services in time of fire. The old Reliance was second to none. As the company is now numbered among the things that were, and human muscle has, in the march of improvement, been compelled to succumb to steam, with its untiring iron arms, a short history of the company may not be uninteresting to the citizens generally, and, as some of the old "fire sharps" are still around, they will, no doubt, recall the days of the "red shirt" with pleasure. In the latter part of 1850, four of the then members of the "Rescue, No. 2," at that time one of the most active companies, and one to which our citizens owe much for its good service, were consulting together on the propriety of establishing a new fire company to be located in the fourth ward. The result of their deliberations was the founding of the Reliance company, as stated above. A large number of the members of the Rescue residing in the fourth ward were members of the new company. The city council made an appropriation for the purchase of a hose carriage, hose, and about seven hundred dollars for an engine, and Major Welsh was authorized, on the part of the city, to contract for same. The company proposed to the city to add a larger amount in order to get an engine of more capacity and better make, which the council acceded to, and money was raised by subscription, among the members and citizens generally, sufficient to get one of John Agnew's, of Philadelphia, best machines, at a cost of twelve hundred and seventy dollars. General James Ryan, councilman from the fourth ward, obtained an appropriation for a house, and Colonel Gilmore attended to legal business in obtaining a charter for the company ; both of these gentlemen were elected honorary members. On the arrival of the new engine and apparatus, the company could boast of a roll of one hundred able, uniformed men. This being the first company in the city to adopt a uniform, many a joke used to be told on the boys, by the citizens who were surprised to see them so quick at a fire, uniformed and equipped. Parties were almost willing to be qualified as to their carrying their red shirts in their hats, to be ready for any emergency, and also that a member leaving church at an alarm of fire had actually been seen taking his red shirt 198 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. out of his hat and hauling it over his head while yet in the sacred precincts of the sanctuary. At the great fire of April r, 1852, the water being out of the canal, the Reliance was stationed on the canal bank, where the mud had been deposited by the men engaged in cleaning the canal. The Rescue was supplying her from the old bed of the river. The fire at this time had caught in many places in the Fourth ward, where most of the members of the company resided, and many had left the engine to see to their families. Suddenly, from the large warehouse of Mr. John Marfield, filled with lard, pork, hams, etc., and only the width of the canal distant from the engine, burst out a sheet of flame with terrific roar, and, driven by the wind, which was blowing a gale at the time, directly across the engine, swept the men from the brakes. They tried to move her, but it was impossible, owing to the depth of the mud and fury of the fire, and had to leave her, but not until some of them had the clothes burnt off them. The engine burnt there as she stood, everything that was combustible being destroyed. Immediately after the fire, the remains of the machine were packed up and shipped to Mr. Agnew, and the engine was rebuilt in handsomer style than before, at a price of one thousand five hundred dollars, Mr. Agnew allowing the company five hundred dollars for the machinery, the pumping apparatus being uninjured. The money the company raised by subscription among themselves and citizens friendly to them. The engine was soon rebuilt, and has done valuable service; but, of late years, the 'company has dropped off, and since the advent of steam fire engines in the community, there is nothing to incite the esprit du corps of the old volunteer days, and so the company has been forced to disband. The founders of the company were A. C. Ireland, Abraham C. Connor, Washington Phillips; William Welsh, Andrew McDowell, Daniel Thompson, Elijah Stevenson, Michael Kirsch, E. P. Safford, 0. Harman, Henry Sulzbacher, John Howard and John Ewing. At the time of the great fire the engine of the Citizens corn pany was in the machine shop for repairs, The Phoenix, not having their suction engine built, was not of much service at such a fire. The Reliance was burnt about two o'clock P. M., which left the Rescue as the only available machine. After the fire had expended its fury, both the Rescue and the Phoenix were used in extinguishing the flames that still continued their ravages in the cellars of some of the large provision houses. The Citizens company, never having been supplied with new apparatus, and their numbers dwindling away, finally disbanded. The engine, being about worthless for fire purposes, was sold at auction, and purchased by Major William Welsh and broken up for old metal at his foundry and machine works. The Batton engine, formerly belonging to the Relief company, was next given to another new company, the Enterprise No. 6, organized by colored -citizens of the Second ward. They had a good company, were very active and enthusiastic, in the cause, and rendered efficient service for several years, up to the time of the disbanding of the volunteer department. The Paid Steam department was organized by the city in the spring of 1879, and is composed as follows: Jacob Warner, chief engineer; (company No. r has charge of steamer, hose reel, one thousand feet rubber and one thousand five hundred feet leather hose, and three horses); Gregory Studer, engineer; Jacob May, pipe- man; James Schafer, Arthur L. Hamilton, drivers. This company is located on Mulberry street, between Second and Main, in a good two-story brick engine house, with stabling for the horses, sleeping and wash rooms for the men, storeroons, etc. The house is built with hose tower, alarm bell cupola, all arranged in the best manner. The harness is of the latest improvements for celerity of operation. The house for hook and ladder truck is located directly opposite—has one horse at present, but stabling for two, with second story for storage of hay, feed, etc. Company No. 2 also has charge of steamer, hose reel, one thousand feet of rubber and fifteen hundred feet of leather hose, and is located in a house of the same plan as No. t, situated on High streeet, between Chestnut and Mill. This machine is not at present housed. A new steamer is contracted for with the Ahren's manufacturing company, of Cincinnati, and will be completed in a few weeks. About the same time a fire alarm telegraph will be put up. A new hose carriage, four wheeled, is about completed, capable of carrying sixteen hundred feet of hose. On the arrival and testing of the new engine, horses will be procured and the whole department put into complete order. In the meantime the city has good protection with the present company No. 1, the men and horses of which are well drilled, and exhibit a proficiency in the performance of their duties, that would not be expected from the length of time they have been in practice. They have already rendered valuable service on several occasions, and by the time this reaches the public eye, we shall have a fire department that will compare favorably, in equipment and efficiency,, with that of any city of its size in the country.* THE OLD BANK OF CHILLICOTHE.—AN INTERESTING RELIC. The Bank of Chillicothe was organized during the year 1808, and went into operation early in the following year. Its first place of business (erected and owned by the bank corporation) was situated on the north side of Second street, between Paint and Mulberry. It contained, besides the necessary rooms for the bank, the residence of the cashier, and the Masonic hall, in the second story. Here the bank continued till the new banking house, so called, a convenient brick structure, was erected in 1826, on the south side of Second street, between Paint and Walnut. The charter of the bank expired in 1844, by which the building was purchased by Mr. James McLandburgh, who, * Since the above was written, the steam fire engine, mentioned as having been contracted for, has been received and approved by the council, and all the other arrangements have been carried out. The new steamer cost forty-four hundred dollars, and is an unusually fine and effective machine. Mr. Ireland says : "At the trial had on its arrival here, February 5th, steam was raised from cold water, and a stream of water thrown, in four minutes and fifteen seconds from the time of lighting the fire." An extraordinary feat, surely HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 199 in 1848, remodeled it both inside and out, and changed it into a dwelling house. After occupying it several years he sold it to its present owner and occupant, Dr. Waddle. On removing the bank-vault, a sealed leaden box was discovered, which had been deposited in the wall, over the door, and which contained a variety of articles, together with a written list of the bank officers, and a memorandum of the contents of the box. The articles have been scattered and lost, but the memorandum has been preserved and placed in our hands. And as it seems to us a relic of unusual interest, we take it for granted that our readers will be glad to see it in print. It is as follows: "Memorandum of articles contained in a leaden box, which is deposited above the door of the vault in the New Banking house, September 8, 1826. "The following are the names of the president, directors and other officers of the Bank of Chillicothe, Ross county, Ohio, for the purposes of which bank this building is erected, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six, in the month of July of that year, being the fiftieth year of the independence of the United States of America: "Thomas James, president; James S. Swearingen, David Crouse, Edward Tiffin, James English, Francis Campbell, John Evans, William Key Bond, and Cadwallader Wallace, directors; John Woodbridge, cashier; and Henry Buchanan, clerk." The following is the list of articles: CHILLICOTHE, July 18, 1863. General Order No. 4 The troops now assembled in Chillicothe, except the Provost Guard, are hereby disbanded from further service, under the present call. The Provost Guard will remain, subject to the Ross county military committee, to whom all of the command, desiring transportation home, will apply. The temporary commandant, in the name of Chillicothe and vicinity, tenders thanks to the troops for their prompt and gallant response to the call of the governor. By order of GENERAL JAMES T. WORTHINGTON. N. G. FRANKLIN, captain and post adjutant. Though there were slight scares afterward, the Morgan campaign, in this part of the State, ended substantially with the above order. " One number of the Supporter and Scioto Gazette, dated July zo, 1826, in which is the account of the death of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. " One number of the Chillicothean, dated August 18, 1826. "One number of the Baltimore Patriot, dated August 22, 1826. "One copy of the by-laws of the Bank of Chillicothe. "One American dollar, coined in 1803. "One American half-dollar, coined in 1826 "One American quarter-dollar, coined in 1825. "One American dime, coined in 1825. "One sheet of bank paper, of the denominations of one, three, five and ten dollars, number two thousand one hundred and eighty-three, dated September t, 1826." THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK was successor to the "Valley bank," a private institution which, for many yeais previous to the organization of the national banks, did a very extensive business, was well known, and enjoyed the confidence of business men throughout southern Ohio. The First National, of Chillicothe, commenced business November r, 1863, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. The first president was Wm. McKell; first cashier, Wm. A. Cook; first directors, Wm. McKell, Francis Campbell, Alex. Renick, M. Scott Cook, and Othias Harmon. December 7, 1864, the capital stock was increased to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. August 1, 1866, Wm. A. Cook resigned his office as cashier, and John D. Madeira was appointed his successor. January 9, 1872, Wm. Cook was elected director to fill the vacancy caused by the death of O. Harmon. June 30, 1873, Sam'l D. Campbell was elected director to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Francis Campbell. October 19, 1875, Alex. Renick, jr., was elected director to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alex. Renick, sr. January i t, 1876, G. W. A. Clough was elected director to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel D. Campbell. August 6, 1879, the capital stock was increased to three hundred thousand dollars. January 13, 1886, Matthias Lewis was elected an additional director. The present organization, therefore, is as follows: Win. McKell, president; John D. Madeira, cashier; Wm. Mc- Kell, M. S. Cook, Wm. Cook, G. W. A. Clough, Alex. Renick, M. Lewis, directors; McClintick & Smith, attorneys. The First National and the Ross County National, mentioned above, are the only banks now doing business in Chillicothe; but these afford to the city and surrounding country, in the fullest extent, all the conveniences for which such institutions are designed. THE CHILLICOTHE BRANCH BANK OF OHIO. Two branches of the State bank of Ohio succeded the old Chillicothe bank, whose charter expired in 1844. The first of these, the one named above, was organized in June, 1845, with a capital of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. William H. Douglas was its first president, and J. S. Atwood its first cashier. The subsequent presidents were Henry Massie, elected January 3, 1855, and Albert Douglas, elected May 5, 1862. The subsequent cashiers were James B. Scott, elected January 31, 1853, T. S. Goodman, elected February 23, 1858, and J. M. Snyder, elected August 18, 1864. The charter of the State bank having expired, this branch was re-organized as the "Chillicothe National Bank," May 3o, 1865, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, Albert Douglas being chosen president, and J. M. Snyder, cashier. January 18, 1876, N. Wilson succeded as president, and D. C. Ruhrah as cashier. M. Lewis became president, January 19, 1877, and in April, of the same year the bank surrendered its charter and wound up its affairs. The second branch of the State bank of Ohio, organized here was known as THE ROSS COUNTY BANK IN CHILLICOTHE. This bank was incorporated October 29, 1846, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. The board of directors organized, November 2, 1846, by the election of Owen T. Reeves, president, and A. Spencer Nye, cashier. May 12, 1847, the capital was increased to one 200 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO hundred and fifty thousand dollars. February 3, 1857, Mr. Reeves declined a re-election to the presidency, and Noah L Wilson was elected in his place. March 30, 1857, Mr. Nye resigned the cashiership, and B. P. Kingsbury was elected as his successor. May 11, 1863, the stockholders resolved to reduce the capital again, to one hundred thousand dollars; and subsequently the entire capital was refunded to the shareholders, and the bank retired from business, September 5, 1865. In the meantime, steps had been taken to organize in its place THE ROSS COUNTY NATIONAL BANK. This was incorporated May 2, 1865, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Dr. L. W. Foulke was elected president, and Cyrus Hanby, cashier. Mr. Hanby resigned August 18, 1865, and B. P. Kingsbury was elected cashier. The bank commenced business September 5, 1865, by winding up the affairs of the Ross county branch bank. August 2, 1869, Dr. Foulke resigned the presidency, and Cary A. Trimble was elected president, and A. Pearson, vice-president. January 17, 1870, A. Pearson was advanced to the presidency, and A. P. Story was elected vice-president. March 1, 1872, the capital was increased to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. February 3, 1873, A. P. Story was advanced to the presidency, on the death of Mr. Pearson. B. P. Kingsbury resigned the cashier- ship, September 27, 1875, and John Tomlinson was elected to that office. The capital is now one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, with a surplus of forty-five thousand dollars. A. P. Story has now been president for more than seven years, and John Tomlinson has been cashier nearly five years. Under their efficient management the bank sustains its enviable reputation as one of the safest and most successful financial institutions it the country. UNITED STATES BRANCH BANK. A branch of the old United States bank was established in Chillicothe, about the year 1816. William Creighton, jr., was appointed president, and Abram Claypool cashier; and each of them retained his office as long as the bank continued in operation. It was discontinued in 1829 or '30, after the celebrated veto of President Jackson. The capital of the Chillicothe branch was five hundred thousand dollars. There are two other financial institutions here, which deserve a brief notice, in connection with that of the banks. The first of these is THE OHIO INSURANCE COMPANY OF CHILLICOTHE. This was organized in June, 1866, with a cash capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Dr. William Waddle is the president ; Wm. Poland, vice-president; E. P. Safford, secretary, and A. E. Wenis, assistant secretary. The second is THE MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION, which was organized in 1878, with a perpetual charter. The president is John Vanmeter; Benjamin F. Stone, vice-president; M. J. Killitts, secretary; Theodore Spet- nagel, treasurer; L. F. McCoy, auditor; W. M. Clark, manager; Dr. Wm. Waddle and Dr. J. B. Scearce, medical directors. CITY BUILDING AND LIBRARY. The spacious building on Paint street, which contains the various city offices, the city hall, and the public library cannot fail to attract the notice of every stranger that passes through this fine old town. The library is in the front part of the second story, and is a very attractive place. It contains several thousand judiciously selected volumes, and is well supplied with current literature, in the form of magazines and newspapers. The books are arranged in cosy alcoves, with a gallery, in imitation of the more imposing, but no more inviting, State library at Columbus. We regret our inability to give such a history of the library as it deserves; but shall have to content ourselves with simply inviting "everybody and his wife" to visit it for themselves—assuring them that they will find (as we did) its venerable and obliging librarian, Mr. Henry Watterson, ready and glad to show them its attractions, and to give them, gratis, all of its choice treasures which they can carry away—in their heads. THE MORGAN RAID. During the excitement caused throughout southern Ohio, by the foolhardy attempt of John Morgan, in the third year of the Rebellion, to carry the war out of Africa, Chillicothe was made the military headquarters for Ross, Pickaway, Muskingum, and Fayette counties. It was about the middle of July, 1863, when the alarm here was at its highest. By order of Governor Tod, the militia of the above-named counties were required to rendezvous • at once at Chillicothe, and Colonel B. P. Runkle was put in command of the forces to be concentrated there. On assuming command Colonel Runkle issued the following address: HEADQUARTERS OF MILITIA, CHILLICOTHE, July 13, 1863. Citizens of Ross County : The governor of Ohio has called upon you to defend your own houses and firesides. Need this call be repeated? Will you delay until the enemy at your door finds you defenceless and at his mercy? Let there be a prompt and willing response. Let no man fail to do his duty at this hour. If you are ready for the enemy, he may not came. If you are defenceless, he will surely come. The enemy is wily and active—you have no time to lose. Shut up your stores, suspend your business, and devote yourselves to the work, that I may not be compelled to call upon the commanding general to proclaim martial law, and force citizens to do their duty. BEN. P. RUNKLE. There was, however, no necessity for the proclamation of martial law. The colonel was evidently not an Ohio man, for had he been, he could not, even in the acme of his military frenzy, have dreamed that a call for volunteers in the Scioto valley, could result in anything but an outpouring, which, like that of 1813, would necessitate the cry of "Hold—enough !" Such was, indeed, the influx of Buckeye valor, from east, west, north, and south, that the gallant colonel, like the old woman who lived in her shoe, had so many—soldiers, he did not know what to do. But partly from the quartermaster's department, and partly from citizen hospitality, all (over HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 201 six thousand) were well fed and lodged. Many were entertained in private houses, but churches, halls and public buildings were subsidized for the use of those who flocked to the standard set up in the ancient capital. Arms there were not, for full one half that came. A requisition was made upon Governor Tod, and meantime all was excitement and expectation. The air was thick with rumors, and that the noted guerilla chief was in the immediate neighborhood, none doubted. On Thursday, the 16th, a great panic was occasioned by the announcement that Morgan had driven in our pickets, and was really about to enter the city. About six o'clock P. M., some of the scouts sent out to reconnoiter, came galloping up the pike south of town, when the men guarding Paint creek bridge, believing Morgan was upon them, set fire to the bridge and retired (it has been asserted), with unsoldierly precipitancy. But as the bridge was a fine structure, costing the county ten thousand dollars, it certainly is not a matter of surprise that they were unwilling to witness its destruction. The necessities of war compel many painful sacrifices. However, the exact reason why these practical economists failed to notice that the depth of water under the bridge did not exceed twelve inches, is one of those things posterity can never hope to understand. The burning of the bridge caused great consternation in the city, and such was the confusion for a brief space, that Morgan with five hundred men might have ridden in and captured the city and its defenders, both armed and unarmed. But after the first flash of alarm was over, the effect was doubtless to put the defences on a war basis; and had the guerillas at any time after, made good the cry "the wolf, the wolf !" they would no doubt have been handsomely handled. Morgan was, however, at that time, more anxious to escape from the snares into which he had ridden so defiantly, than to capture even defenceless cities. He crossed the Scioto at Jasper, robbed and burnt a flouring mill, and from thence took the road toward Jackson. Runkle, with twenty- five hundred men, started out to intercept the raiders, and the command of this post was transferred to General James T. Worthington. Colonel Runkle and his men went as far as Berlin, where they had a skirmish with the enemy, killing one it is said, and wounding three. "Nobody hurt," it is believed by some, might have headed the dispatch to the commanding general, after the engagement, without any hurt to the verities of history, and without the restrictive phrase, "on our side." The news having reached Chillicothe that the troops under Colonel Runkle were in the vicinity of the enemy, Colonel William E. Gilmore, of this city, was ordered on with the remaining men, who had succeeded in obtaining arms, about five hundred. Morgan, however, acting upon the assumption that "discretion is the better part of valor," did not afford our troops the coveted opportunity of winning military glory. But though not his captors, they may have turned his course toward the fate which was awaiting him elsewhere. Governor Tod, learning that all dangers of a raid upon Chillicothe was at an end, on the 17th, ordered the men assembled here to disband. In accordance with these instructions, General Worthington, on the eighteenth of July, issued the following order: THE PUBLIC SQUARE AND ITS BUILDINGS—HOW THEY LOOKED SEVENTY YEARS AGO. Seventy years—that would take us back to 1810, and that is so near the beginning, that we will take our first look at the public square before it was evolved; when this fair valley was an unbroken wilderness; when herds of deer browsed and gamboled through the leafy aisles of "cod's first temples;" when flocks of painted paraquets were garrulous in the tree-tops; and mayhap vast concourses of wild turkeys held their noisy congresses on the site of the future capital. Fourteen years only back from 181o, and we find things as they were in 1796. But lo, a change! A colony of emigrants, among them future legislators and governors, came in April of that year, and presto! the timid deer, and gay paroquets abdicate. They were a wise folk, and must have foreseen what was likely to happen. No more quiet forest glades, or idly tossing summer boughs. What of the wild turkeys? Conscientious scruples about Christmas observances and jealousy of legislative honors. In four short years a capital had invaded this heritage of nature's children, and a State house must be built. And this is the description of the public square, in 18 ro, as given by one whose memory loves to linger about those early days in the old capital. The public square was the same in location and extent then, as now, and like most of the private lots of that time, not enclosed. The State house was built on the south side of the square, and fronted on Main street. According to Howe's history, this building was commenced in 1800, and completed the next year, so that the last territorial legislature in 18o 1, was held in it, as well as the constitutional convention which met on the first Monday in November, 18oz. Opposed to this statement is the opinion of the venerable Dr. McAdow, who, though born in i8o6, is the son of the first physician in Chillicothe (who settled here in 1797), and was accustomed to hear these matters commented upon often, by his father and others among the first settlers. He is confident that the territorial legislatures of both 1800 and 1801, met in the "Abrams house," described at length in an article in this work, entitled "Reminiscences of an old house," and also that the constitutional convention met in the same place, and that the State house was occupied first, by the first State legislature. As Howe on the same page (436) of his Historical Collections, states that the last territorial legislature met in- two buildings, the preponderance of evidence, it would seem, lies on the side of tradition. The old State house was a two-story brick edifice, standing about twenty feet from the old stone court house which fronted east on Paint street. The two buildings were on a line north and south, and the upper stories were connected by a gang-way, connecting the senate chamber and the State house, with the house of representatives in the second story of the court house. The State 26 202 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. house was substantially built, the mason work being done by Major William Rutledge, a soldier of the Revolution, and the carpentering by William Guthrie. On the north side of the square stood a one-story brick building, which was first used by the clerk of the court of common pleas. The late John McDougal first occupied it, and afterward the late General Humphrey Fullerton. On the northwest corner of the square stood the engine house, in which was kept the first fire engine that was owned by the city. This building was erected soon after the destructive fire in 1820. On the southwest corner of the square stood the Ross county jail, a two story building which stood for many years. In front of the public square on Paint street, stood the market house, extending from Main street to McCoy's alley. According to concurrent testimony, the Chillicothe markets of those days were a sight to charm an epicure. Everything was there that could please the eye or satisfy the palate; and that, too, without the suggestion of a suspicion, that the cupidity of the race had reached this Arcadian retreat. In quality, excellent; in composition, above suspicion; (even the milkman was never suspected of watering anything but his horse), in price, never exhorbitant; that is hardly ever. We must confess, however,to a weakness for fine apples, and would almost take another score and a half of years, to have seen the ox-casts of two ex-governors standing at the north end of the market house, laden with bellflowers, ladyfingers, pippins and ad infinitum, through the appetizing catalogue; and of each variety, the choicest that ever gladdened the sight of the veriest amateur horticulturist. Oh! those were days in Chillicothe history, whose return is devoutly to be prayed for. That eccentric peripetetic, Lorenzo Dow, preached twice in front of the market house, while it stood in front of the square, using a butcher's block for a stand. At the close of his first address, he announced that he would preach from the same spot, in just one year from that day, and hour, and disappeared. Punctual to his appointment, he mounted the block when the year rolled around. When the seat of the government was moved to Columbus, the "old State house" served for many years as a town hall. Though the exterior of the court house was rough, it is said to have been a fine building for the time; but however that may be, the place was made fine by the eloquence of such men as Couch, Sill, Douglass, Brush, Scott, Baldwin, Sawyer, King, Creighton, Bond, Leonard, Murphy and Grimke. THE FIRST DRUG STORE, AND INCIDENTS CONNECTED WITH THE DRUG BUSINESS IN CHILLICOTHE. Dr. Amasa Delano started the first drug store in Chillicothe, about the year 1814. It was on the north side of Water street, a little east of the north end of Paint. Water street was the principal street at that time. A year or two afterwards, his younger brother, Ira, came to the city, and went into the store with him. Dr. Delano was a very energetic man. He came west from Wind sor, Vermont, in 1802; practiced medicine awhile in Kentucky, and tried Worthington and Lancaster in Ohio, before coming to Chillicothe. A. D. Sproat came in the fall of 1818, also from Windsor. Dr. Delano had then built a brick house in Columbus, on the west side of High street, a little south of where the Neil house now is, which, he said, cost him fifteen thousand dollars. He was living in it up stairs, and was part owner of the dry goods store of Delano & Fay in the same building. He owned a store in Kenhawa Salines; had owned one in Bainbridge, and was part owner of the drug store of Ira Delano & Co., and of the hat store of Williams & Delano in Chillicothe. He had brought out from Philadelphia ten or twelve journeymen hatters, and established a large hat manufactory next door to the drug store. After that went down, some of the journeymen set up for themselves: Potter & Swift, Eleazer W. Smith, Hawkes & Swift, Andrew Swift; then Swift & McGinnis followed. For many years there were three hat-making houses here; now there is not one. Dr. Delano owned a tract of more than a thousand acres on the west side of Scioto river, below Columbus; he owned a fine tract, which he called the Lawrenceville farm, near London, twenty miles west of Columbus; he had entered probably twenty quarter and half sections of land east and south of Columbus, at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, by paying one-fourth of the money down, which the law then allowed, to encourage immigration. If he could have completed payment for them, and kept them, they would have been, after a few years, immensely valuable. Yet, although he once owned all this property, Dr. Delano eventually went under. He, like most other merchants of Chillicothe, owed heavy debts in Philadelphia for goods bought dearly during the war with England, and, when peace was declared, the price of goods went down to half what they had been. From 1818 to '22 or '23, the sign over the drug store read, "Ira Delano & Co., druggists and apothecaries, wholesale and retail store." Ira Delano then moved it to one door north of the northwest corner of Paint and Second streets. Previous to this time, Samuel Elliott, of Pennsylvania, commenced a second drug store, in a small way, in a room on Water street, at the north end of Paint street, and, after going on a year or two, Dr. Sam. Atkinson, who had put up a one-story frame building on the ground where A. D. Sproat's drug store now is, took him into partnership. The firm was Atkinson & Elliott. Elliott went back to Pennsylvania. Atkinson sold to Dr. Mills, who had kept a soda fountain for several years. The drug store went into the hands of Thompson & Johnson, then to William C. Johnson, and then, in 1829, to Johnson & Sproat; a year after that, Johnson died, and Sproat assumed the store, which he still retains. In 185o he built a three-story brick drug store, which, on the first of April, 1852, at the great conflagration here, was destroyed, with nearly all the stock. It was soon rebuilt, and is now in operation. Ira Delano died in 1837, leaving his brother, the doctor, executor, who moved from Kentucky here, HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 203 and took charge. He died two years afterward. N. W. Thatcher went into partnership with one of the heirs, and the store was moved over the street on the Waddle lot, on the site where it is now carried on by Dr. R. H. Lansing, after having gone through several ownerships. Three or four times was the attempt made to start a third drug store here before one succeeded. There are now seven. The physicians practicing here in 1818 were Drs. Monett, Scott, McDowell, Hays, Edmiston, Coats, McAdow, Pinkerton, and probably two or three others. EARLY MANUFACTORIES. As early as 1816 there were two nail factories in Chillicothe; one on the north side of Water street, on the bank of the Scioto, when it flowed in its old channel, owned by Joseph Miller, and the other on the east side of Paint street, opposite the public square, of which Isaac Cook was proprietor. Nails were then made by hand, and there is reason to fear that the home product did not meet the home demand, in the time when every npv arrival necessitated the building of a new house. A cotton factory was built about 1820, on the northeast corner of Main and Hickory, by Hector Sanford. It was afterward owned by Ephraim Doolittle. The machinery was propelled by a tread-wheel horse-power, three horses being used at once. But, failing to become profitable, it was given up after a few years. The building is still standing, and is occupied as a double residence. The first wool carding machinery was brought here by Abram Thompson, about the year 1816, and was located on High street. It was also propelled by horse-power, and was run for a number of years. Then a factory for carding, spinning and weaving was established. It was owned by a local Methodist minister, Moses Trader, who lived where Dr. McAdow now lives. He carried on the business for several years, and sold to McKim, and he to Pleasant Thurman, father of Senator Thurman, who sold to John Wilson. The business was quite profitable, and was continued until about 1855. Blankets were made and flannels designed for fulling; but as no fulling mills were here, they were sent away for the completion of the process. Levi Anderson established a similar mill about the same time, located in the northwestern part of the city, above the old steam mill. It was also successful, and was given up about the same time as the first carding mill. William McCarroll established a sickle factory on the northwest corner of Water and Deer Creek streets, and made a great many sickles. But that was prior to McCormick's reaper, etc. Adjoining Kirkpatrick's farm, now the southern terminus of Mulberry street, there was, at a very early date, an oil mill, owned by Thomas Davidson, who carried it on for several years, and then sold to the merchant, William Ross. In his hands, it was for many years a profitable investment. There was also, in those days when enterprise was not considered a capital offence, on the corner of Main and Bridge streets, a rope-walk, owned by Johnson Lofland, and this was carried on for many. years. Flax and hemp were both used, and were raised in this vicinity. There were also several boot and shoe shops, where manufacturing was carried on in a small way. Some of these branches of business, no doubt, served their day and generation, and passed away with the era to which alone they were adapted; but can this be said of them all? This will be a suitable place for mentioning a work of great magnitude, which, at one time, promised to produce great results, but which, long ago, came to nothing. Though not itself a manufacture, it held out the fair but delusive hope of becoming the prolific parent of many factories. We refer to the attempt to utilize the hydraulic power of Paint creek, by a corporation known as the HYDRAULIC ASSOCIATION. This association, formed in 1835, was the result of a combined effort, on a large scale, to develop the industrial resources of Chillicothe. The stock subscribed amounted to about seventy thousand dollars—the list of subscribers comprising nearly all of the prominent business men of Chillicothe and vicinity. The following constituted the board of directors: George Renick, president; William Ross, treasurer; N. W. Thatcher, secretary; John Madeira, Joseph Miller, James T. Worthington, Nathaniel Sawyer, James McLandburgh, and William Carson. A. Bourne was chosen engineer, and D. Collins received the contract for the proposed work. A dam was built across Paint creek, about five miles west of the city, and a mill-race constructed from that point to the foot of Paint street, where the water was received into "a large basin, with a sufficient elevation for propelling the heaviest machinery. The race followed the south side of the creek for about two miles, where it crossed in an expensive aqueduct. By the time the race (or, as it was generally called, the "hydraulic canal") was completed—which was some time in 1837 or 1838—a large grist-mill was erected near Paint street, by William Silvey, who had made a contract with the company for water power. A few years later a paper-mill was erected by the Ingham Brothers, in the place where their present steam mill now stands— they also obtaining their power from the canal. These were the only mills ever constructed in connection with the hydraulic canal—and these, sad to say, found it a most unsatisfactory source for the supply of motive power. The dam and the aqueduct were swept away by a flood, in a year or two after their construction, but were soon rebuilt on a more substantial and costly plan. A second flood, however, higher and more irresistible, in 1847, again swept both away. A year or two before this second destruction of the dam and aqueduct, the stockholders sold out, at a nominal sum, their interest in the canal to William H. Douglas and William Silvey, who found (as the company had) that the rents fell short of the necessary expense for annual repairs. As the two mills required all the water (which was as much too low, at certain seasons, as it was too high at others), and there was, consequently, no prospect of an increase of profits, it would, of course, have been financial madness to rebuild the works, after their second destruction. 204 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Thus passed away an enterprise which brought to its originators no other return for their investment, than the consciousness of having shown a commendable degree of public spirit. With this hasty and imperfect notice of the ancient manufactures of Chillicothe, we will proceed to enumerate those which we find here at present, inserting our sketches without much attempt at chronological order. We begin with a business whose rise, progress and decline have been kindly sketched for our work by Mr. M. R. Bartlett, who, from his long connection with it, is best qualified to speak of PORK PACKING IN CHILLICOTHE. The slaughtering and packing business began to assume some importance in Chillicothe, about the year 1830; and from that time to 1840 a very considerable amount of business was done—principally by the old packing firm of John and George Wood, on the site now occupied by Taylor & Company, on the former bank of the Scioto river. Besides this firm, there were a few others engaged in a small way, among whom was John McCoy, an old time merchant of Chillicothe. The Woods retired from the provision business about the year 1840, and were succeeded by James P. Campbell. From this date to 1846, the business increased very rapidly. David Adams opened a house on High street, John Cowlson a small one on Church street, and Matthias Hufnagle a similar one between Second and Main streets. M. R. Bartlett also built a packing-house in 1842, on the Ryan property north of the canal, on Mulberry street. Abram and James Baker were also running a small house on Water, below Bridge street. About this date Sanders D. Wesson went into the business on an extensive scale, at the south end of Paint street. From this time till 1846, Chillicothe did her greatest amount of packing, and was, we believe, the second largest packing point in the United States, Cincinnati being the first. The number of hogs slaughtered here in the winter of 1843-4, was not far from ninety thousand. It may be worth while to state, as a matter of arch2eological curiosity, that the first mess pork sold here by M. R. Bartlett, in 1842, was sold for shipment to Milwaukee, now in the greatest pork-packing region of the United States. This pork was shipped by him via. the Ohio canal to Cleveland, thence by vessel to Milwaukee. Chicago, the great dictator and trade-disturber of the world (so far as the provision and grain trade are concerned) was but a small affair at that time. About 1845, Carlisle & Reed took the Adams house, on High street, and continued there for many years— the firm name being finally changed to that of Allston & Reed. J. & H. McLandburgh were also engaged in the business for many years; and Burbridge & Clempson were engaged in it from about 1851 to 1853. It was about this time that M. R. Bartlett purchased the old Hamilton property, on Market street, and built the packing-house now occupied by M. R. Bartlett & Son. Alexander Frazier also remodeled the Wilson pork house, at the south end of Paint street, and opened there an extensive business. Here was first introduced the English mode of singeing and boning meats for the English market. At that day John Bull had a strong prejudice against our manner of curing meats, but all that was soon overcome, and, for the last ten years, he has become our largest customer—in fact, our main dependence—in working off our immense surplus of provisions. James P. Campbell died about the year 1850, and his packing-house was run by M. R. Bartlett during the season of 1851-2—made memorable by the great fire, which devastated a large part of the business portion of the city. In 1852 John Marfield commenced his pork- packing career, in the Cowlson house, on Church street. He afterwards purchased the Campbell property, which he occupied till his death, in 1860, when it was bought by William Taylor & Co., who still occupy it for its original purpose. About 1859 Abram Baker built a packing-house on Market street, near the Scioto bridge, where he carried on business till 1871, when he died, and was succeeded by Henry Keim, who still occupies it. Since 1846 the packing business in Chillicothe has steadily declined, mainly from the increased facilities for carrying on the business at the great railroad centers. The number of hogs packed in 1879-80 will not vary much from eight thousand, all told—distributed among the following houses, now engaged in the business: M. R. Bartlett & Son, William Taylor & Co., and Henry Keim. THE TANNERIES. George Armstrong came to Chillicothe, from Keesport, Pennsylvania, about the year 1810. For the first three years he was in the employ of Thomas Jacobs, as tanner, and then was foreman for James Hill one year. About 1820, he established a tannery on the southwest corner of Main and Hickory streets, and continued there till 1856. In that year he sunk a tannery on New street, on the bank of the Paint, where the business has ever since been carried on. Mr. Armstrong died the same year at the age of sixty-one. His son, George L. Armstrong, continued the business alone for four or five years, when a partnership was entered into with Austin P. Story, and a new tannery built alongside of the old one, with steam power and all of the modern appliances. The capital invested is forty thousand dollars. The works were burnt out in 1873, when the loss over insurance was between six and seven thousand dollars. The firm are at present using seven hundred cords of chestnut-oak bark per year, and from six to eight thousand hides. They employ sixteen to twenty hands. The bark used is collected from the country lying between this locality and the Ohio river, about half of the quantity being received by canal. The converse of the adage, "The rolling stone gathers no moss," has been realized in the business experience of Armstrong & Story. It is proper to state here that George Armstrong, the father of George L. Armstrong, was the first Sabbath- school teacher in the Presbyterian church, and afterwards a local preacher with the Methodists. He rode, to reach GEORGE WASHINGTON RENICK. This gentleman, lately a much respected citizen of Scioto township, near Chillicothe, now deceased, was a member of the family bearing his name so largely and honorably represented in Ross and Pickaway counties. It is of German origin, the ancestry having migrated many years ago, in consequence of religious persecution, front Germany to Scotland, and subsequently, in part, at least, to Colerain county, Ireland, from which Colerain township, Ross county, is believed to be named. By successive changes, supposed to be made partly to suit the dialects of the countries to which they removed, the original name was transformed foul Riennich into Rennich, Rennick, and finally Renick. One of the Irish immigrants, or a descendant, was ennobled, and his purchase of the property of his two brothers ennabled them to start for America. They did not, however, take the purchase money with them, which was a fortunate circumstance, since the vessel upon which they embarked was captured and plundered by the celebrated pirate " Black- beard." They settled at first in eastern Pennsylvania, and then in hardy county, Virginia, in what is called the South Branch country, from the south branch of the Potomac, which skirts it, Here one of their descendants, William Renick, became a deputy under Lord Fairfax in the survey of the southern counties of Virginia. His oldest son, Felix Renick, heard from some of his neighbors who served in Lord Dunmore's campaign of 1774 against the Indians of this region, of the great beauty and fertility of the Scioto valley, and set out on horseback about October t, 5798, with two others, to make the journey thither. After an interestiUg and adventurous trip, which is narrated at length by Mr. Renick in the "American Pioneer," for February, 1842, they reached Chillicothe, thence explored the valley to the Ohio, and returned to Virginia. Their inquiries bore fruit, however, in the subsequent emigration, early in 1801, of Mr. Renick, with several of his kindred, to the west side of the Scioto, where they settled at the High bank, in Liberty township, Ross county, occupying a large tract, which they bought the following May, for two dollars and fifty cents per acre, at the sale of government lands in Chillicothe. Felix Renick became a very prominent and honored citizen of the valley, and was much lamented at his death, which occurred in 1848, when he was seventy- seven years of age, from the fall of a heavy timber upon him at the Paint creek ferry, near Chillicothe. He was the father of George W. Renick, who was horn in Hardy county, Virginia, August 15, 1;96, and was brought to the new home in the west on horseback behind his mother, who carried a babe in her arms. His mother's maiden name was Hannah Lee. He was educated in a private school, kept at the expense of his father and some neighbors in a little house upon the home farm, by a teacher named Wait. He acquired the rudiments of a good education, and evinced a special taste for mathematics. His father and grandfather having been surveyors before him, he easily took to the same study and practice, and early became a skilful surveyor. He was- always a diligent reader, and had repute as a very intelligent, well informed man. He remained on the farm until 1825, when he was married to Miss Eliza McClean, of Chillicothe. They had children, as follows: William, who died in young manhood; Henry Edwin, a farmer residing in Saline county, Missouri, and John McClean, who died of disease in the Federal army before Corinth, Mississippi, where he was serving as a lieutenant in the First Ohio cavalry. In 5835 Mr. Renick lost his wife by death, and was remarried three years afterwards, February 14, 1838, to Miss Harriet, daughter of Dennis McConnell, then a farmer on lhe Columbus turnpike, one mile north of Hopeton. She still survives him in a cheery and healthful old age, and resides at a comfortable house on Paint street, Chillicothe. By her he had issue: Dennis, head of the firm of Renick & Renick, boot and shoe dealers, Chillicothe; Felix, engaged in the business of a grocer at Massieville, six miles below that place; and George Joseph, a farmer in Scioto township. After his first marriage, Mr. Renick began the cultivation of a farm in Pickaway county, where he remained two or three years, and then purchased, with his brother Henry, a tract of a thousand acres, four miles from Chillicothe, on the west bank of the Scioto, where he thenceforth resided, tranquilly and successfully pursuing the vocation of the agriculturist. In 1852 he, with Dr. Watts, of Chillicothe, was appointed an agent of the Ross County Importing society, to proceed to England for the purchase of blooded stock for the association, a duty which he discharged with eminent fidelity and judgment, receiving the formal thanks of the society and a present of one of the cattle imported. He improved the opportunity given him abroad to visit London, Paris, and other noted cities of the old world. He seems to have been distinguished from other members of his large family, ancestral and recent, in his willingness to accept public duties, even at the hands of pJohtical parties. He served two terms as a county commissioner, being elected both times on the Republican ticket, and often as a school officer, and was tendered a nomination for representative in the State legislature, which leading men of both parties desired him to accept, but which he declined. A thorough patriot and sympathizer with the Union cause, he took active part in measures for the suppression of the Rebellion, personally enlisting many soldiers, and giving to the army two of his sons, one of whom died in service, as already noted, and the other was a member of company B, in the Twenty-sixth Ohio infantry. lie occasionally exercised his talents as a surveyor, and in 1870 laid out the Chillicothe & Portsmouth turnpike, along parts of whose route, when but a country road, he had in early life practiced with his instruments. He lived long and well, in the enjoyment of remarkable vigor of mind and body, dying at length at the age of nearly seventy-six, at his home upon the farm, on the third day of July, 1872, almost upon the eve of the birthday anniversary of the independence of the nation in which he had so long been an honored and faithful citizen, and whose integrity he had helped to save. He died .much lamented by the community in which he had so long lived, and left a name and a memory to be forever associated with what the poet has described as "the noblest work of God," an honest man. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 205 his appointments, from ten to twenty miles, and sometimes thirty miles of a Sunday, for twenty or twenty-five years. HARMAN'S TANNERY was established in 1855, by Otto Harman. In, or about the year 1858, Christian Elsass became a partner. Otto Harman died in 1874, his son Fletcher having been a partner since 1871. Fletcher Harman continued the business alone for three or four years, when his brother Howard became a partner. The partnership was dissolved early in 1879, and since that time H. Harman has been sole proprietor. The tannery turns out one hundred hides a week, and employs twelve men. Harness leather only, is manufactured. Formerly there were a score or more of small tanneries in the city, but the modern improvements in means and methods, make it easy for the two establishments herein mentioned, to do double the work done by a multitude of the "small fry" of the olden time. THE PAPER MILLS, at the foot of Paint street, were established in August 1847, by Entrekin, Green & Co. Water power, leased from the hydraulic company was used for the first ten years. In consequence of a break in the acqueduct, caused by high water in the spring of the following year, they did not get to work until October, 1848. Wm. Ingham became a member in 1849, and a new company was organized under the title of Crouse, Entrekin & Co., and the new company bought out the old at nine thousand dollars for mill and stock. This company continued the business until the first of March, 1852, when James M. Ingham became a partner, and the firm took the style of Ingham & Co. In 1858 the canal and dam were again washed away and the company decided to substitute steam for water power. The mills were idle for about a year in making the change, and the new work and machinery cost between six and seven thousand dollars. Since that time the business and facilities for work have been constantly increasing. The grounds cover about an acre, and the present value of the establishment is in the neighborhood of fifty thousand dollars. Six boilers are used both for propelling machinery and boiling material. The substances from which the paper is made are wood, straw and rags. Cottonwood is principally employed, of which fifteen hundred cords are used annually; of straw, six hundred tons are used, and over two hundred tons of rags. On an average sixty hands are employed, only eight of them being boys, and five women. Eighteen thousand dollars were paid out for labor last year. Printing paper is principally manufactured, though wrapping is also made. The average amount manufactured heretofore has been twelve thousand dollars worth per month, or six thousand pounds per day. It is expected to bring the daily product up to eight thousand pounds per day, by spring of 1880. This enterprising establishment, of which the city may well be proud, supplies the Cincinnati Enquirer, Volks Blatt and Volks Freund, daily and weekly, and Evening Star. Cincinnati and St. Louis are the principal markets for the products of these mills. The following items will serve to aid one in judging of the extent of the business here carried on. About twenty eight tons of coal are consumed each day; eighteen thousand bushels of common lime each year; two hundred and forty tons of soda ash; and one hundred and eighty tons of chloride of lime. The chloride of lime and soda ash are brought from England and Scotland. CLINTON MILLS. The Clinton flouring mills are situated just north of the city limits. They were built about 1832, by David Adams, and operated by him, partly as a custom, but mostly as a merchant mill, until about 1863, when they were purchased by Otho L. Marfield. The price paid was about fourteen thousand dollars. The mills have been rebuilt and improved several. times since then, and there have also been two or three changes of firm name in that time. The present proprietors are Marfield & Massie. When first built, water power was used, which was obtained from the canal. Steam was introduced in 1872, and is used when the water is insufficient. Wheat for these mills is obtained mostly from Ross county, and the flour sold in Chillicothe and the surrounding towns, averaging about one thousand barrels a month. The firm have also a storehouse on the north side of Water street, three stories high, having a front of forty feet and a depth of one hundred and fifty feet, with a capacity for twenty-five thousand bushels. This is used for storing grain for farmers; and, in connection, they bale hay, and sell all kinds of grain and feed. Their elevator, where grain is purchased, is on the canal, at the head of Paint street, having a capacity of forty thousand bushels. The corn shelling machinery in this building shells eighteen hundred bushels per hour. Five other elevators, at different places, are doing business for the Clinton mills. A cooper shop on Deer Creek street, turns out one hundred and twenty barrels per week, and many barrels are made for them at other places. Thirty-five is the average number of hands employed, and as many as twenty-two canal boats have been employed at one time in bringing in grain. EMMITT'S SCIOTO VALLEY MILLS. These important mills are located at the corner of Main and Mulberry streets, and were built in 1865-66, on the site of one of the first watehouses built in the city. A new brick warehouse, in the rear of the old frame, was built by the Messrs. Emmitt, about the year 1860. The buildings, as erected in I860-65, are a mill and warehouse of brick, three stories in height, forty-five feet wide by one hundred and ninety-eight in length, and are owned by the well known capitalist, James Emmitt, of Waverly, Ohio. These fine structures are situated on the Ohio canal. The flouring mill has a capacity of one hundred barrels of flour per day, and the warehouse, a substantial building, has room for nearly one hundred thousand bushels of grain. The warehouse was fitted up, in 1874, 206 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO with elevator and other works for handling both ear and shelled corn to the best advantage. The flouring mill was remodeled in 1879, and at present is in condition to do the best work, having many of the latest improvements in machinery. WHITE FAWN MILLS. These mills were built about 1850, by Taylor, as a grist- and saw-mill. About 186o they were purchased by Hechinger & Sulzer, and in 1864, by John Smith & Son. January r, 1866, William Miller bought a one-half interest, and the older Smith retired, the firm name being John Smith & Co. Smith died in 1868, and since that time the mills have been carried on by the surviving partner, William Miller, under his own name. The are now merchant flouring mills, manufacturing for the home market. There are four run of stone, and the wheat used is mostly from Ross county farms. THE MARIETTA AND CINCINNATI RAILROAD SHOPS were established in Chillicothe, soon after the completion of the road, in 1853. They are repair shops, and neither cars nor engines are manufactured. Twenty acres, given for that purpose by Arthur Watts, at the inception of the road, with the proviso that the shops of the road should be forever maintained upon the ground, give ample space for the various works. The round-house, with stalls for twelve locomotives; the long or erecting shops, seventy:five feet wide by one hundred and eighty feet long; the blacksmith shop, one hundred and fifty by fifty feet; and the turning shop, of the same dimensions, teeming with the processes and products of skilled labor, are a sight to scare the spectre, "hard times," from the fortunate community in which they are located. Two hundred and twenty-nine men are employed in these shops, and the monthly pay roll averages ten thousand dollars. Edward Bosley, master of machinery, has occupied that position for twelve years. Owen Diffey is the foreman of the shops. PLANING MILLS. William H. Reed & Company are the proprietors of the planing mill on Water street. The business was established in 1852, by Easton and Thornhill, and continued by the latter until 1867, when it was purchased by Wm. H. Reed. In 1873, two sons were admitted to a partnership, an example which should be followed more frequently in our country, and which could not fail to lead to permanency in business establishments. The Messrs. Reed have an extensive lumber yard in connection with their manufacturing establishment, and control several saw mills in different parts of the country. Doors, sash, blinds and stair materials, are the leading articles manufactured. They employ from fifteen to twenty men, and their goods are sold in Ross and surrounding counties. Hernstein Brothers established a lumber yard in 1868, on the corner of Deer Creek and Mill streets. In 1875, machinery for manufacturing, in a small way, was introduced. Encouraged by the success of their experiment, in 1877 a brick building was erected, with steam machin ery, at a cost of two thousand five hundred dollars. Doors, blinds and sash are manufactured. The average number of employes is eleven, besides the four brothers, who are partners, and who do not hesitate to put their own hands to the plow with which they expect to level the mountain Difficulty. A saw-mill is attached, where oak lumber, for building purposes, is made a specialty. They buy logs and also do custom work. Besides their stationary mill, they have a portable mill, now used in Vanceburgh, Lewis county, Kentucky, sawing lumber from lands owned by the company. MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS. Goehner's marble works, on Mulberry street, were established in 1866. Only monuments and tombstones are manufactured. Marble, mostly Italian, is obtained from Cleveland. Granite monuments are furnished, of both the New England and Scotch granite. From eight to ten thousand dollars' worth of material is used yearly. All varieties of work are done, except turned work. Mr. Goehner learned his trade in Germany, and his work shows both taste and skill. There are two other similar establishments in the city, doing about the same line of business, and both deserving of honorable mention. Their names and locations are as follows: James W. Harris, on east Main street; Vance & Gorsuch, Walnut street. CHILLICOTHE FOUNDRY AND MACHINE WORKS. This business was established in 1852, by William Welsh, who was sole proprietor until 1865, when he became associated with Robert Meiklejohn and A. C. Ireland, the joint capital amounting to about seventy-five thousand dollars. They manufactured engines, stoves, and mill machinery. From seventy-five to eighty men were employed. In 1872 the co-partnership ceased, and a joint stock company .was formed. Board of directors: William Ingham, president; Fred. Smith, secretary; William Mc- Kell, treasurer; Amos Smith, William Poland, B. B. Frost, David Smart, and E. P. Safford. The present capital is fifty thousand dollars. The business has not fully recovered from the hard times, but is beginning to feel the returning wave of prosperity, and well deserves it for so conducting its business as to be able to give employment to thirty laborers during the times that tried men's souls. 'The manufacturing now is confined to engines and mill machinery, little being done in stoves. ROUSER'S CARRIAGE FACTORY. D. Thompson was the first proprietor of this establishment, which was opened in May, 1837, and is located on east Second street. Buggies were the leading manufacture under the proprietorship of Mr. Thompson, which continued until 1846. William W. Welsh bought out the business at that time, and continued the same line of manufactUre until 185o, when work ceased and the factory was idle until 1854. The property then passed into the hands of Jackson Bouser, who carried on the same branch of business until 1879, and then rented to HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 207 Fox Brothers. These enterprising young men put three thousand dollars in the business, and manufacture buggies and carriages for the home market. They turn out forty vehicles per year, and employ six men. Having the best of business qualifications, they are likely to succeed. THE BRICK YARD on east Mulberry street, now owned and operated by G. G. Grabb and M. Hechinger, was established in 1866 by Jacob Grabb & Sons. Mr. Grabb, the father, died in 1877. Since that time it has been carried on by Grabb & Hechinger. Their yard comprises about eight acres of ground, which furnishes clay of an excellent quality in great abundance. They employ eighteen men, and turn out about one million eight hundred thousand bricks annually. There are two other brick makers within the city limits deserving of notice—James Boulger, in the northeast part of the city, and Hartman Griesheimer, on Mulberry street, south of Hydraulic. We shall have to content ourselves with a simple enumeration of the remaining manufacturers of Chillicothe, some of whom, doubtless, are as deserving of special mention as some of those mentioned above. Book binder: Adolph Stratemeyer, a skilled workman from Germany, has his shop in Odd Fellows' building. Stone dresser: Thomas J. Quin, has a yard on Water street, between Paint and Mulberry, where he keeps for sale prepared building stone—especially fine work for corners, window sills, caps, etc. Carpet weaver: Joseph Hadden, High street, between Grub and Limestone. Carriage manufacturers: Dump & Son, on Water street, between Paint and Mulberry; Limle & Neal, on Walnut street, south of Water; John Schwartzel, on Second street, east of Paint; and C. A. Shrader, on Walnut street, between Water and Second. The flouring mill, known as the "Frame Mills," Miles Ratclif, proprietor, is located on Fourth street, east of Mulberry. The foundry of Michael Foley is situated on the alley, south of Water street, between Hickory and the canal. The Chillicothe Gas Light and Coke company have their office and works on Deer Creek street, north of Water. William Poland, president; A. C. Kopp, secretary; William McKell, treasurer, and F. A. Stacey, superintendent. The gunsmith, A. W. West, has his shop on Main street, between Paint and Walnut. Mattress maker: Adam Wambaw, on High street, between Grub and Limestone. Pump manufacturers: Joshua Bennett, on Mill street; L. E. West & Brother, on the canal, between Fourth and Fifth streets. Saddle and harness makers : E. C. Lewis, on Main street, east of Paint; Jacob Krick, on Second street, between Paint and Mulberry; D. Oberer, 77 west Water street; Joseph Oberer, Second street, between Paint and Mulberry; and John Peregrine & Son, 43 Paint street. Wagon makers: G. F. Hiss, on Mulberry street, south of Second ; George Houser, corner of Fourth and Hickory streets; Peter Kramer, on Water street, east of High; Alexander McVicker, on Paint street, south of Franklin; James Rigney, on Fifth street, between Hickory and Mulberry; H. A. Ritter, on Main street, west of Hickory; James Schirmann, on Fourth street, between Hickory and Ewing; August Schmieder, on High street, between Vine and Church; John Schmitt, on Hickory street, between Fourth and Fifth; and John Wurster, on Water street. east of High. FIRST VELOCIPEDE SEEN IN CHILLICOTHE. Something more than sixty years ago there lived in the city of Chillicothe a blacksmith named George Scott. He had a litt16 shop on High street and was known as a very ingenious mechanic, and of an inventive turn of mind. About this time velocipedes began to be talked about, but it is believed none had been constructed in the United States; and the few that were then used at the east had been introduced from England. But our inventive friend George, believing that what man had done in England man could do in America, turned his thoughts and unoccupied time to solving the problem how he might emulate Mercury, the swift of foot. Working in secret, he was one day prepared to produce a sensation by dashing down Water street, then the center of busines in the city, at a slashing rate. The advent of a full-fledged velocipedist—not that we wish to be understood as actually vouching for the existence of wings it may well be believed took the town by storm; and it may be doubted if any similar performance, before or since, has been received with greater eclat. Crowds flocked to see the new wonder, and "Scott's machine," by being voted a wonderful horse, was duly lionized. This triumph of western push is described by a contemporary critic as quite similar to those imported from the East since that time. It differed from the more recent style in having no crank, and in being propelled by touching the toes to the ground, the steering aparatus being the same as at present. Velocipedism did not, however, become the rage at that time; and Scott had the satisfaction of riding a horse, the like of which was not to be seen in all this region. As to speed, an eye witness assures us that he "went at a powerful gait." MASSIEVII,LE. Waller Massie built a steam saw-mill on Indian creek, Scioto township, in the year 1852, about five miles below Chillicothe. A post-office called Waller, was soon after established at the same point, and the mill and post-office proved, as usual, the seed of one of those miscellaneous collections of churches, stores, dwellings, and a sprinkling of the trades, which generally mark the crossings of country roads, or the vicinity of small manufactories. The steam mill was carried on for about two years by the first proprietor, when it was bought by Ephraim Lockwood, the original owner of the most of the land occupied by the little town. Isaac Hare had also sold lots. The mill was again sold to Mr. Alexander Frazier, in 1856, and, not proving profitable, was given up in 1858. 208 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO There are at present in the hamlet, three organized churches, with places of worship. The Rev. Mr. Dunham is the settled pastor of the Presbyterian church. The Methodist society is at present supplied by two circuit preachers, Messrs. Mathena and Nichols. David Miscal is the minister of the colored Baptist church. The population of the place is something over two hundred. Mr. E. Lockwood settled here in 1840. He is a native of Fairfield county, Ohio, and has a valuable farm, twenty-five acres of which is in fruit. WANTED HIS "STIFICATE," AND DESERVED IT TOO. In April, 1870, the colored citizens of Chillicothe, exercised for the first time their right to the ballot. There was not wanting among the conservative citizens of the ancient capital, many who predicted disturbances at the polls, but the election passed without even an approach to an emeute. Large numbers were drawn to the vicinity of the polls by the novelty of the scene, and perhaps, too, in expectations of collisions; but nothing occurred to mark the day but the sound, good sense shown by the enfranchised race. Many came early to the polls, before the white voters had collected in any numbers, voted and went their way. Those who came later, or remained at the polls, avoided all demonstrations calculated to arouse the antipathy of their opponents. Among the humorous incidents of the day, the following related of an aged colored citizen, who presented himself at the east Sciota precinct, clothed with the new dignity, will, it is believed, carry off the palm for scenic and dramatic effect: Depositing his ballot with a solemnity of manner which clearly evinced his estimate of the act, and hesitating as if he did not consider the great transaction yet complete, he was told to give way for the next voter. Looking anxiously at the judges he inquired: "Whah's my 'stificate?" "What do you mean inquired the judges. "Why, I want my 'stificate to show de ole woman dat I done voted. She 'clars she won't bleeve me less I bring de receet." We set out to relate what seemed altogether laughter provoking; but just at the finale, we were left in doubt whether pathos had not got the better of the ludicrous. MIRACULOUS ESCAPE OF AN INFANT FROM DEATH. That "truth is stranger than fiction," is not often more startlingly emphasized than in the incidents attending this most wonderful deliverance of an infant of four months, exceedingly fragile from its birth, from a sudden and shocking death. It is true, the scene of the occurrence we are about to relate was beyond the borders of Ross county, but the family were then, and are still, residents of Chillicothe, and more, both grandparents are representatives of leading pioneers of the ancient capital. That the history may stand upon undoubted authority, being of universal acceptation during the life of all the actors in the short drama, it seems most fitting that it should make a part of the present collection, having special reference to that unfortunate class of persons who are so wanting in the quality of faith, or so fearful of being suspected of credulity, that they reject every thing that partakes in any degree of the marvelous. "Why will people print such unblushing fabrications? If only occasionally these wonders would happen a little nearer home!" has no doubt been ejaculated over the short history before us many times. But to our story, which is short and needs no embellishment. Mr. James McLandburgh and family, consisting of Mr. and Mrs. McLandburgh, Miss L. McLandburgh, and the infant heroine of our recital, the child of Mrs. Colonel Richard Long, deceased, and eldest daughter of Mr. McLandburgh, were at their summer residence, at Cincinnati Furnace, twenty miles east of Chillicothe. This most precious legacy, the child of a beloved daughter and sister, was the center of all household arrangements and activities. Just so much of air and sunshine as was judged good for this apparently frail infant life, sufficed for her watchful guardians, who, for the time, seemed to forget that life had any value, save as it ministered to her wants, real or fancied. "We felt that our presence was necessary to her existence, and never allowed her in the care of others, without one of us to stand on guard. I think God meant to show us that a higher power and love than ours, how- every watchful, was necessary to the safety of our darling." While being drawn in her little carriage, about the picturesque grounds surrounding the home of the grandparents, and, under the watchful eye of the aunt, there was a brief pause near a rocky ledge, from eighty to one hundred feet in height; and, in a moment, without a thought of danger on the part of her attendants, the carriage, with its unconscious occupant, disappeared over the precipice. How had it happened? The ground might have slightly inclined in that direction ; there might have been a gust. No one could say; but it is easy to imagine the agonized call that summoned the terror-stricken household. A messenger is sent to telegraph the family physician, Dr. Foulke, of Chillicothe. A servant descends the rocky steps, and Mrs. Landburgh attempts to follow him; but sinks down, compelled to await the return of what all who had gathered there, did not doubt would be the lifeless form of the little one, so suddenly snatched from their fond cares. We do not propose to attempt the vain task of depicting the revulsion of feeling that followed the reappearance of the servant, bearing in his arms the little one, to all appearance unharmed. Dr. Foulke, who taking the first train, was soon one of the excited group, announced, after careful examination, that with the exception of a slight abrasion of the scalp of the " wee bairn," there was no mark of injury from the perilous descent. For his own satisfaction, as well as that of all who might hear or read this story, he took the measurement of the cliff from the point of descent, and found it to be seventy-nine and a half feet. The cab alighted at the foot of a small tree, upon a projecting ledge fifteen feet from the ground. Apparently, the shock had thrown the child from the carriage, and she was found lying in a bed of brush and dried leaves which had accumulated in a depression of the ground, and which was surrounded by fragments of rock, as is usual in such localities. Her HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 209 face was covered by some portion of her wraps; and, from this annoyance or from the suddenness of the interruption of her nap, she was, on the tesitmony of her rescuer, very naturally, or perhaps we ought to say unnaturally, "indulging in a little cry." How was it possible, does some one ask? Who shall answer? Did the cab alight like a bird in the branches of the tree, after a sheer descent of from fifty to sixty feet, and then pass by easy stages through the branches to the ledge? and, if so, was it an interposition for which His word, spoken of these little ones, " Behold their angels do always see the face of my Father which is in heaven," are a pledge? It is easy to question; it ought to be easier to believe. In point of fact, no one knows but that the child was thrown from the cab at the moment of going over the cliff. But our humble duty ceases with the narrative. Our subject, who is still the light of the household, is now a bright school-girl in the East building; and, as we often observe her from our window caressing her kitten, we make no doubt she has a kindly heart, and will, in future years, return sevenfold the loving care bestowed by those who are now approaching that season of life when tenderness is a second time imperative, and yet, alas, so often denied. THE MERCHANTS OF CHILLICOTHE. The following biographical sketches, of some of the early merchants of this city, show that it has been from the first, exceedingly fortunate in the character of those to whose management its mercantile interests have been committed. The merchants of Chillicothe, with comparatively few exceptions, have been men not only of fine business capacity, but of sterling integrity and rare public spirit. To no class of men is it more indebted than to this, for the enviable reputation it has always borne for enterprise, intelligence, and morality. The following list of EARLY MERCHANTS, was prepared by the venerable Dr. S. McAdow, jr., for Finley & Putnam's "Pioneer Record." Deeming it worthy to be handed down to posterity in a more permanent form, we insert it here: John McDougal, George Renick, John McCoy, Thomas James, John Whitesides, John McLandburgh, John Woodbridge, Nathan Gregg, Thomas Gregg, McLaughlin & Kincaid, Robert Dunn, James McClintick, William McDowell, Samuel Tagart, Barr & Campbell, Isaac Evans, Lemuel Brown, George Brown, Ephraim Doolittle, William McFarland, Waddle & Davidson, W. R. Southard, William Ross, William Carson, Nimrod Hutt, William Irwin, William Miller, S. & F. Edwards, Craighead Ferguson, Benjamin Eaton, J. B. Andrews, Thomas Swearingen, Samuel Swearingen, O. T. Reeves, James Miller, John Wood, George Wood, James Culbertson, and Smith Culbertson. To these names we can only add the list of PRESENT MERCHANTS, under the five following heads: I. DRY GOODS. Joseph Stewart, John Bennett, Clough & Hopewell, J. W. McCague, Thomas Woodrow, jr., Wiedler, Klaus & Co., Bowdish & Pancake, Jacob Buchen, Charles Huffman, Mall & Elsass, McNeill & Mytinger, Thomas Murphy, Story & Smith, William A. Story, Wayland & VanMeter, Woods & Yeo. II. HARDWARE. John G. Snyder, Lewis, Klein & Co., Purdum & Reed. III. DRUGS. A. D. Sproat, R. H. Lansing, Allston & Davis, Walter H. Howson, John A. Nipgen, C. D. Swift, and C. H. Doyle. IV. CHINA, GLASS, ETC. McKell & Co., and George Tritscheller & Co. V. BOOKS, STATIONERY, ETC. Gould & Kello, and George Perkins & Co. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, JOHN McCOY, the subject of this sketch, who was prominent among the pioneer business men of the ancient capital, was horn in 1772, in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, which was then a frontier county of the United Colonies. His father had emigrated from the north of Ireland a few years before, and his grandfather was driven out of Scotland, "by fire and sword," for espousing the cause of the "Pretender." Having, in 1796, made the acquaintance of Thomas James, of Shepherdstown, Virginia, a contract was entered into, binding each party to the conditions specified in the subjoined extract: " We, John McCoy and Thomas James, agree to go to Chillicothe, in the Northwestern Territory, or that region northwest of the river of Ohio, known by that name, there to engage in the business of fur-trading, or otherwise, as pru dence may dictate; and at the same time to defend each other in our lawful calling as is usual in all cases of equal partners." Thus was inaugurated, if not the first mercantile enterprise, the first partnership in the infant city of the Scioto valley. This simple and straightforward document was made and signed at Antietam iron works, since become historic by one of the most sanguinary battles of the late war. True to their compact, we find the manly young adventureis, in 1798, already entered into business at the corner of Water and Mulberry streets, that being the center and circumference of business in the days of the ancient dominion. 'Their first location is still more particularly described as 'just where the canal bridge now crosses;" and here they opened with the somewhat explosive announcement of "James & McCoy, licensed dealers in gunpowder and other wares." If it should seem to the callow youth of modern Chillicothe, that the number of merchants, at the time of which we write, was somewhat disproportioned to the contemporary census, the commodities most prominent in the early advertisements, "furs and gunpowder," will solve the difficulty. An advertisement still extant, published two or three years later, informs their patrons, the settlers and "original proprietors," (and, at the same time, discloses a most amiable disposition on the part of the dealers), that they would be glad to exchange any goods they had on hand, for ginseng, dried skins, raccoon furs, or anything their customers had, at fair prices. It is inferred, also, from another advertisement following the above (at what interval we are sorry not to be able to state), that the partners in trade had an excellent business and made very good profits. "The subscribers, satisfied with their increasing business, have concluded to add another room to their establishment, where will be found India lawns, long cloth, and silks for the laidies of Chillicothe" (then, says the chronicler of "pioneer merchants," spelled for the first time in the present form, Chillicothea being the old style), "all of which will be sold at fair prices, or exchanged for the produce of the country, especially tobacco and ginseng, which we wish to send to China." In 1810, that is fourteen years after the compact signed at Antietam, and twelve after the opening of their depot of supplies for Indian 27 210 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO traders, settlers and Indians, the firm of James & McCoy was still selling goods and having the monopoly of the Scioto salt works. This branch of their business, at a time when a barrel of salt was worth four barrels of flour, must have been in itself a mine of wealth. Some time during this year, however, the business compact was dissolved by mutual consent, McCoy continuing the business on his own account. During the time of their connection they had embarked in the hazardous venture of packing pork for "Havana and other West India Isles," floating it out of the Scioto in flat boats, then down the Ohio and Mississippi, there to be reshipped to the point of destination. It is a curious and interesting fact, and one well worthy to be left on record, that when, fifty-two years afterward, the Scioto took advantage of an unusually high stage of water, to regain a habitat which it had occupied, it may be in prehistoric times, or possibly simply to gratify a natural desire for change (for the rivers also Virgil might have written "varium et mutabile semper,") it discovered itself to the wonder stricken Chillicotheans, as the waters subsided, in a new channel. -there was found in the old bed of the river, a barrel of pork marked 'James & McCoy," almost as fresh as when it was first packed. It is claimed that this firm was the first to pack pork in all this mighty pork packing region west of the Alleghany mountains. But while Chillicothe inaugurated this great business of the west, other cities have developed a mine which she simply opened. Cincinnati and Chicago have carried off all the honors and most of the profits of this unctuous business. John McCoy was eminently "a man of his times." Stern and strong in his self-will he seemed to men of less tenacious purpose; but in after days his name became the synonym of an honest merchant. Of him it might he said with truth, "his word is as good as hisbond;" and it was a reputation that led on to fortune. For in those, his prosperous days, it was a common saying, "to be as rich as John McCoy is all that a man need desire." After his separation from his partner, he was very successful in his business ventures, and this, with the increase in the value of real estate, made him, while yet in the meridian of life, one of the wealthiest men in southern Ohio. At the breaking out of the war of 1812 he was in Philadelphia purchasing goods. His old friend, Jacob Reese, an importer of that city, induced him to purchase a large amount of red flannel, which he sold at a handsome rate of advance to the Petersburgh Blues (?) and others then on their way to join the army of Harrison, at Fort Meigs. It will serve to give some idea of the extent of the trade of these regions at that early time, to state that one merchant disposed of fifty-five thousand dollars worth of flannel, and this was but one item in his sales. In 1818 Mr. McCoy advertises that he is engaged strictly in selling goods to the people of the Sandusky plains and surrrounding country, taking ginseng and cranberries in exchange from the Wyandot Indians and others. About this time the disastrous effects of a depreciated currency began to be felt. In 1820, Mr. James Culbertson, who had long been a confidential clerk, became a partner in the business; and owing to the unsettled state of the currency, successes and losses alternated. In 1825 or 1826, he took as a business partner, Mr. Adams Stewart, another chief clerk, after the old Scotch custom. Business was again reviving, and the new partnership was very prosperous; and, when at length it was dissolved, Mr. McCoy was again in possession of an ample fortune. But returning with the persistent energy which characterized him through life, to a favorite pursuit, speculation in pork and flour, his investments proved disastrous, and his property was, in consequence, mostly sacrificed. And at last, retiring from active business life, "he was gathered to his fathers" at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. He lies buried in the cemetery, the ground of which was once his own. And near the spot where he at one time intended to erect a dwelling, his monument has been erected by loving children, with the simple inscription "Our Father," together with his name and age. Mr. McCoy was one of the orignal members, and always a zealous and liberal supporter of the First Presbyterian church of Chillicothe. He was a man of earnest piety, and carried into the performance of his religious duties the same rigid adherence to a self-imposed order or system, that characterized his devotion to business. The Rev. Dr. Biggs, present pastor of the church above named, thus speaks of Mr. McCoy: " A friend who was often an inmate, for months at a time, of his household, tells of the order and discipline of the family. The children, the clerks in the store, and the servants in the house, were all required to be present at family worship; to commit scripture lessons and the catechism; to attend regularly public worship on the Sabbath, and the social meetings of the week. Would to God that the heads of families to-day felt like responsibility." His wife, whose religion was of the same practical and consistent type, and whose name heads the first list of teachers in the first Sunday-school organized in Chillicothe, having survived her husband several years, died and was buried at his side. Mr. and Mrs. McCoy left six surviving children, the eldest of whom has since joined them in the spirit land. Alexander, who wrote, for the Ross county Register, in 1868, over the corn de plume of "Mercator," a series of very readable sketches (which we have kindly been permitted to use) of some of the pioneer merchants of Chillicothe, died about the year 1876. William and John live at Independence, Missouri, where they are engaged in merchandize. Samuel F. (recently probate judge of Ross county) is now a practicing attorney in this city. Mrs. Dr. Foulke and Mrs. Dr. Waddle also reside in Chillicothe, where their husbands have for many years been prominent physicians. THOMAS JAMES. Almost immediately upon the dissolution of the business connection between Messrs. James and McCoy, the former gentleman returned to a business for which, by his early experience, he had been well qualified. In connection with Duncan McArthur, afterwards governor of Ohio, it is believed that he founded the first establishment, for the manufacture of iron in the State, in the vicinity of Chillicothe. After being for some years connected with iron furnaces in the Scioto valley, about the year 1820, he went to the recesses of the forests of southern Missouri, and in company with a Pensylvanian named Massey, built a furnace at the " Great Maramec Springs," and opened there ore banks, which, if not superior in quality, are only second to those of Iron Mountain. These great works were for many years in the possession of William James, a son of the founder, and in the year 1868, furnished employment to two hundred and fifty men. S. W. Ely, esq., who visited the Maramec iron works in that year, saw a trip-hammer that had been bobbing, up and down for eighteen years. A towU, called St. James, has sprung up in the immediate vicinity, where two other sons of Mr. James, Lewis and Anvil, are in business. Mr. Thomas James, though superintending the erection and opening of these works, continued a resident of Chillicothe, where he was proprietor of a large hardware and iron store, and where, for nearly half a century, he carried on an extensive. business. His fine brick mansion, now occupied by Scott Cook, esq., on Fifth street, was one of the best in the early days of the old capital. Mr. James was twice married; first, in 1806, to Miss Charlotte Massie, sister of the founder of Chillicothe; and, after her death, to Miss Claypool, a lineal descendant of the son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell, of that name. Of a large family of children, several are still living. Mr. James came to Chillicothe in the fall of 1798. Mr. McCoy, coming down the Ohio, had arrived several months previous, and had occupied the interval of waiting for the establishment of their business, in teaching school. Mr. James came by the way of Zane's trace, afterwards known as the National and Maysville road. Travelers, at that time, had to supply themselves with all needed supplies for the journey through the wilderness, at Red Stone Old Fort, now Brownsville, Pennsylvania. It was customary also to wait at Indian Chastier, now Wheeling, for company through the territory inhabited by the Wyandots and Shawnees, the most warlike and hostile of the northwestern tribes. It has been asserted that Mr. James was not only the first to manufacture iron in Ohio, but that he also brought, at this time, on pack-horses, the first iron offered in the Chillicothe market. Whether this was brought from the Antietam works, we are not told. It is a pleasure to learn that these two men, entering into a business parlnership, the first, perhaps, in Chillicothe, entertained for each other a life-long friendship. Of diametrically opposite educational bias, the one reared in the Scotch-Irish Presbyterian faith, and the other a descendant of the cavaliers of Virginia, a mutual esteem, which speaks volumes for both, survived their business connections and its dissolution, and continued through life. Both lived to an advanced age. Mr. James died in 1856, having been born in 1776, at Shepherdstown, Virginia. JOHN McLANDBURGH. John McLandburgh, another of the pioneer merchants of Chillicothe, was like a majority of the early traders, a native of Scotland. He was born in Kirkcudbright county, town of New Galloway, Oclober, 1767. After the close of the war of the Revolution, the old world, we may well believe, was filled with the fame of the rapidly opening avenues HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 211 to enterprise and wealth in the new, and John McLandburgh, like many more of his young countrymen, decided to join the tide setting so strongly toward the west. And well was it for them, and for the great west ; for many realized their dream of great achievment in new fields, and the influence of the sons of Scotia has been an important factor in her rapid progress toward greatness. Mr. McLandburgh arrived at Philadelphia in 1794, just at the time when Wayne's great victory, followed by the treaty of Greenville, was opening the Northwestern Territory to the thousands that, in less than eight years, converted the wilderness into a State, with its constitution, and a first magistrate selected from the pioneers of Chillicothe. Remaining in Pennsylvania until 1799, and doubtless with that thrift which is a national characteristic, adding to his means to enter upon a new career under the most favorable auspices, he, in that year, was ready to resume his progress toward the Eldorado of his hopes. In February of the same year, he was united in marriage with Margaret Young, who, though a native of Pennsylvania, was of Scottish parentage ; and, in the next autumn, after a journey of several weeks, performed partly on horseback and partly by flatboat, then the fashionable modes of transit, they arrived in Chillicothe. Here Mr. McLandburgh opened a stock of goods, and commenced a business which continued through half a century. His mercantile operations seem to have been prosperous in an unusual degree. Possessed of most unswerving integrity and kindness of heart, he secured the confidence of all with whom he dealt, and steady profits resulted from his varied business transactions. In 1814, his health failing, he was induced to visit the Blue Lick springs, Kentucky, for the benefit of the water. Extracts from letters written from that place and elsewhere, show the man, mentally and morally, and also the times in which they were written, with a vividness scarcely to be attained by many pages from the hand of another, and therefore their insertion is due to the memory of the writer of the letters, and to the readers of this sketch. The extracts let us somewhat into the manners of Kentucky watering places of the olden time, and also gives glimpses of business methods in Ohio, prior to canals and railroads. To his wife, then in Pennsylvania, he writes from Chillicothe, December 3, 1802. "The people in the country are not as sickly as last year; but in the town it is as bad as ever. Finley and wife have been very ill. Joseph Tiffin has lost his wife, and has been sick himself. Dr. Scott has been lying apparently at the point of death all the fall. Mrs. Kirkpatrick has lost two children: Mrs. Patton died a few weeks after her son. Rev. Mr. Steele arrived yesterday, having left Rev. Mr. Bishop and wife at old Mr. McCoy's. Mr. Steele will preach, on the Sabbath, on Kinnikinnick. Mr. Bishop is in town. Dr. Edmiston is married in Kentucky, and Mr. Dorcy expects him and lady in a few days." " December 27th.—There is little news since my last. Joseph Tiffin is still sick, and is thought dangerous. This is a very sickly country, and will continue so, let them say what they will. * * * The election will take place to-morrow two weeks. There are fifteen setting up for the house of representatives—but they will not all get it. Dr. Tiffin will be governor. * * * This has been as hard a winter as I have seen. Last Thursday the frost was so intense as to congeal wine. I saw it in Mr. McFarland's store." " McConnelsburgh, February 25, 1806.—MY. DEAR—This evening we arrived here in good health. I wrote you a hasty letter from Pittsburgh, informing you of our arrival there, and of the badness of the roads and the weather. We rested one day at Pittsburgh; and came on pretty well to Greensburgh; but, unfortunately, I got the old horse foundered. Yesterday morning he could scarce move. I pushed him on for about ten miles, until I came up with Mr. Carlisle and the rest of the party, and then I bid them adieu. Mr. Carlisle was not for leaving me, but I pressed him, as he could do me no good, and he was to hurry all he could. This was at Strattler's, on the top of the Alleghany mountains. Well, I was fixed in this manner, alone on the top of the mountain, with a horse that could not step two inches at once. But I did not lose heart. I stripped off my coat, overalls, etc., and drove him before me until I got over the mountain, when I met a man who took me out of the road three miles, where I swapped the horse for a little tacky of a mare, worth about thirty-five dollars. I was obliged to do it or lose time, which just now I prefer to money. About two hours before sundown, I started with the little mare, got to Bedford before supper, and overtook my company. I do not know how the mare will do, but there is one thing I know, I will never again start on an old wagon horse, if I can find a better. As for myself, I was never better on the journey, only my legs and feet are very sore with walking so far yesterday. Remember my love to my dear Jenny." "PHILADELPHIA, 21st April, 1809. " MY DEAR :—Yesterday afternoon I arrived in this place in good health, but very much fatigued by riding in the stage. It goes in two days from Chambers- burgh to this place—the first day, eighty-four miles; the next, sixty-two. I got a chance to send my horse back from Carlisle to my brother's, where it will be kept until my return. All things considered, I have made a good journey. We may say that it was only twelve days' traveling. We have just hit the time for coming to the city. Owing to news from England, goods have fallen very much in the past six days. India goods only are high. This city exceeds Baltimore in size and beauty. * * * My love to the children. If Jenny is a good girl, some time I may bring her to see this fine city. I will write to you before we leave, and hope to hear from you at Carlisle. I commit you to the providence of a good God." "PHILADELPHIA, 2d March, 1811. * * * I have nearly completed my purchases, but the goods are not yet packed. Indeed, I am not so pushing as I would be, had I not strong hope that carriage would soon fall. It is now six dollars (per hundred) but next week it is expected at five, or five and a half. Wool and cotton cards are not to be had in the city. I have procured a box of each from a gentleman who has been at New York. English goods very low in general. Of calicoes I have the best in market for twenty-five cents. I have this day insured our house at the high rate of one dollar and twenty-five cents per hundred. Indeed I could scarce get it done at all. They say we are as bad as a cask of powder. I also insured Mr. Fullerton's at two per cent., owing to the printing office being kept in it. I also insured the type for Nashee & Denny. I was stirred up to insure, as there was a very great fire last night in the city. There were three large brick houses and two frame, with one store-house, burned to the ground. When I inform you that three pocket-books have been lost since I came to this house, and money in them to the amount of two thousand dollars, you will rejoice with me that I have escaped. Indeed, this is getting to be a second London. Mr. McCracken was among the sufferers. The wagons take twenty-eight days at present. I expect the roads to be very bad. I have bought arms for your sons. As we are like to have war, it is fit we have soldiers." In the year 1814 Mr. McLandburgh, accompanied by his beautiful little daughter Jennie, born in 1800, afterward Mrs. Ramsey, visited the Blue Lick springs. The journey, like the wedding tour of the wee lady's mother, was made on horseback. " Upper Blue Lick, Monday morning, 20th July, 1814. We arrived here on Friday, about one o'clock. Our journey was as good as I could expect. I stood it pretty well and began to drink the water on the next morning. I cannot say how it may do, but have little hope that it will be of much advantage, with regard to my worst disorder, which affects my heart. It still continues, and does not appear to be affected by anything I take. What with the fatigue and weakening effects of the water, I am nothing increased in strength. The Springs is but little impregnated with salt. When it was wrought, it took nine hundred gallons for the bushel. It is very clear and pretty hot to the hand. The Springs is a fine place for the half-savage, whole-heathen Kentuckian, to spend the Sabbath. Hundreds of men, women, children, horses, and cows, gather here to drink the water, swim in the river, run races, get drunk and fight. This is the common report; and almost the whole of it was visible to me yesterday." "PHILADELPHIA, February 22, 1819. " DEAR J.: * * * For our part, we are just as much at our ease as is possible. We are in our ordinary health, and every night abroad among our friends, kindly entertained. Indeed, I am somewhat suspicious that from the high company a certain lady is keeping, a piece of vanity is likely to show itself. It would take you some time to count the plaits, the drawings, the fringes, the trimmings, of a fine black dress that I discovered in my room this evening, with a note pinned to it and addressed to Mrs. McL—. And that is not all; a cap —yes, a cap! whose crown would hold a peck of potatoes, and juts on the top like the knobs on the back of the sea serpent. And this is to adorn the head of your revered mother. But youth must be indulged. I intend filling this sheet myself, for if I was to show what I have written and leave any blank paper, I have little doubt you would get word of certain fine articles of dress not in my portmanteau when I left home, and particularly of a bell-crowned hat, just the dandy. But it would gratify revenge, and I canlt leave any space for it. But hush, you mother was at—no—yes, I will out with it; it's too good to keep—she was at the theatre and saw the play! I have a fine stick over her head now, when anything comes crossways, nothing to do but ask " How did you like the play?" But you must keep all secrets, " For it is hard to sit in Rome and strive with the Pope." [Is not this exquisite playfulness?] In 1821 Mr. Landburgh fell a victim to the malarial fever which prevailed for successive seasons throughout the Scioto valley. At the time of his death, his sons were too young to take charge of the business, and but for the remarkable degree of energy and self-reliance developed by the hardships and trials incident to pioneer life, by the wife who had not hesitated to make her home in the wilderness, the business must have been closed, and years of profitable trade foregone. But Mrs. McLandburgh was a woman of more than ordinary endowments, and her affairs were managed with great prudence and skill. In 0828, with the prospect of advantage to her family, she removed to Pittsburgh, and finally to Philadelphia, where her sons were completing their education. After an absence of five years, Mrs. McLandburgh returned to Chillicothe, in 1833, where she continued to reside until her death, in 0869. Her residence in this city extended over a period of seventy years. For more than seventy years she was a church member, and she was one of the founders of the Associate Reformed church, of Chillicothe, with which she remained until that body united with the Associate church. She then connected herself with the Old SChool Presbyterian church, in whose communion she died, a consistent member, with an unclouded faith. Her early life was identified with Chillicothe, through its rapid progress from the cluster of cabins which she found it in 1799, to the 212 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. thriving city and State capital, enjoying a preeminence in social culture and refinement, seldom secured in a single decade. NATHAN & THOMAS GREGG. Among the earliest, if not themselves the first, of the pioneer merchants of Chillicothe, must be ranked the brothers whose names are at the head of this brief sketch. Scarcely yet arrived at manhood, yet developed in energy and physical endurance by the vicissitudes of frontier life, they had asked and obtained their good mother's blessing, who prayed the "God of Jacob to bless her lads and keep them through dangers seen and unseen," and with stout hearts had left Fort DuQuesne (now Pittsburgh) to seek Massie's settlement on the Scioto. A bright autumnal sky, we are told, welcomed them to this spot near the old Shawnee town of Chillicothe, in the Northwestern Territory. We love to linger with our young adventurers in that bright morning sunshine. The keel-boat in which they had descended the upper Ohio, was moored on the western hank of the Scioto, a little above the old Mulberry ford, and the young strangers proceed to visit the hamlet, of whose existence they had been apprised by the smoke that so gracefully curled above the majestic forest trees ; and not by the rush of wheels, the lurid fires of the forge, or the spires of churches lifted into the golden sunbeams. The sunbeams were not more golden than were their dreams, and happily the future reveals. none of her secrets. A short tour among the cabins, for the first frame house had not then been built, sufficed to perfect their business arrangements, and their stock of goods, which, doubtless, had been carefully selected for the market, was removed to a small building on Water street. Here they announced that they were ready and willing to traffic and trade with the Shawnese and others, citizens of the town and country, to whom they offer good bargains, quite in the style of the moderns. They "desire especially to exchange goods for furs, peltry, &c. A prosperous trade soon followed, and in a year or two they were enabled to enlarge their business by adding the purchase and sale of real estate; town lots being at first a specialty. From records in the county offices, it appears that in 1801, Thomas Gregg deeds to Peter Heath, "lot one hundred and thirty-one, in Chillicothe, for the consideration of two hundred and fifty dollars, in current money of Kentucky." There is a little ambiguity as to the meaning of "current money of Kentucky. The author of the Register sketches, suggests that silver and gold may be intended; hut it is generally believed that these commodities were current, even then, Outside the boundaries of Kentucky. Soon after, says the same writer, the discovery seems to have been made that Chillicothe lay within the bounds of the United States; as, in another sale in the autumn of the same year, to Paul & McDonald, of Hamilton county, the stipulated price was to be paid "in the lawful money of the United States." About this time (but the exact date is not given) the brothers removed into a large frame building on the opposite side of Water street. The example of Thomas Worthington had, it is evident, been contagious, and the first two-story frame, built by him in 1797, was no longer a nine days' wonder. 'I'his building, occupied by the Gregg brothers, stood until 1852, when it was burned in the great fire of that year. In this improved location, when everything seemed auspicious, this harmonious and prosperous partnership was dissolved by the death of the younger brother, Thomas Gregg, in 1805. Nathan and an older brother, Robert, who had joined them the second year after their arrival in Chillicothe, continued the business, Nathan being the sole executor, "without bond or surety," of his brother Thomas' estate. Of the first years that followed this new partnership, nothing of special interest is recorded, if we except the fact that under the ministrations of that really great and good man, Rev. Robert G. Wilson, Mr. Nathan Gregg united with the Presbyterian church. Successes and losses alternated; his open, confiding disposition betraying him sometimes into the snares of the practiced sharper. That he was not impoverished by these reverses, appears from a gift made by him of the lot known as the Presbyterian graveyard. This donation was made to the Rev. Robert G. Wilson, Moses McClain, Hugh Cochran, Samuel Finley, Adam Turner, and Joseph Miller, trustees of the First Presbyterian church in Chillicothe, In the words of the deed, "The said Nathan Gregg, as well to evidence his love to God and the promotion of the cause of Christ Jesus generally, as for the advancement of the interests of said congregation particularly, and from no other cause him thereunto moving, bath granted, bargained, and by gift enfeoffed and confirmed this donation to the inhabitants of Chillicothe." Thus it is seen that the old graveyard is so deeded that it cannot be alienated from the purpose for which it was conveyed and given. But should the interest of the city ever demand its abandonment, the law provides a practical solution of all difficulties. On the 25th of June, 1811, Nathan Gregg was married to Miss Hannah Davis, the Rev. James Davisson being the officiating clergyman. The simple inscription upon the tombstone which serves for the graves of both, tells the mournful story of his short-lived domestic happiness: "Hannah, wife of Nathan Gregg, died 1812, aged twenty-eight years." The records of his business transactions still existing, show that from this time his only wish seems to have been to disentangle himself from business complications, under the impression that he should soon join the beloved wife so suddenly taken from him. In 1815 he was induced, in compliance with the urgent persuasion of friends, perhaps, to turn his mind from the contemplation of his bereavement, to become a candidate for the State legislature. One old friend and neighbor, John McCoy would fain have dissuaded him from entering the tumultuous arena, but other counsels prevailed, the venture was made and lost. There is no reason to believe that the result was felt as a shock. Rather is it probable that the evidence of confidence on the part of those who supported him was a source of consolation which far outweighed the loss of an honor he hardly coveted. A tombstone near his own shows that the aged father's last days must have been passed with his sons in Chillicothe, though the pious mother .whose hands were laid in blessing upon the heads of her departing sons, did not live to see the prosperity which we may reverently believe was given in answer to her prayer for her "lads." A strange anachronism exists between the records in the probate office and the inscription on the head-stone which marks his last resting place in that city of the dead which he himself had founded. The court records, signed by Isaac Cook, state that in the April term, 1816, Dayton M. Curtis, having given the requisite bond, was appointed administrator of the estate of Nathan Gregg, deceased. The inscription gives the date of his death as occurring in 1817. The court record may be an error; but it is more probable that the tombstone, not having been erected immediately after the death of Mr. Gregg, has the wrong date, and that he departed this life in 1816. JOHN McDOUGAL. The subject of this sketch, one of the earliest of the pioneer merchants of Chillicothe, was born on the east side of the Blue Ridge, in Virginia, about the year 1777, and emigrating to the Northwest Territory in 1796, settled in Chillicothe, then but just laid out, and the fifth in time of settlement after Marietta, which was the first permanent settlement within the boundaries of Ohio. Of his life, previous to his emigration, there seems to be no record, but the fact itself is an honorable one. A youth of nineteen starting out into a wilderness, " with a heart for any fate," challenges a respect and admiration which few can withhold. The first business announcement of this adventurous youth, places him before the Chillicothe public as a competitor for patronage, undo( the character of a "trapper and licensed trader." From some of his early advertisements, published at Wheeling, before Chillicothe could boast that modern enginery of universal enlightenment, a printing press, we learn that he was "prepared to furnish the very best whiskey, and other things required." It is to be hoped the stock in trade not enumerated, was of a description worthier to head the list. Justice require: us, however, to remark that eighty-three years ago, public sentiment did not prohibit the sale of whiskey and wholesome articles over the same counter. Still later, his place of business was above the corner 01 Mulberry and Water streets, in connection with Dr. Buell, where hr sold "goods;" which fact, as evidence of a radical reform, is very gratifying; as, in that case, the doctor dispensed medicines unadulterated by even the "very best whiskey." In another advertisement, severa years subsequent to the above, we discover still further evidence of z disposition to undo the evil of the past. Here he speaks of himself a: especially interested in the education of the young; "in which to assist them, he has a fine collection of school books." It may interest some to know that his list comprised Dilworth's spell ing-book, Murray's grammar, Pike's arithmetic, and the English reader Knowing that these books, with the addition of the Bible and Shakespeare, had made many finished English scholars, his Scotch-Irish wi never suggested to him the propriety of keeping any others; and the fathers of his time were spared the vexed and vexing questions attend - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. - 213 ing changes in school books. Wars there were, and geographical divisions, and boundary lines were often at the bottom of these contests; but an actual "war of geographies," like that recently waged at the State capital, which left the public schools for weeks without a textbook, simply because there were so many, was reserved for a later generation. The position occupied by Mr. McDougal, when years had matured the powers foreshadowed by his early enterprise, was such as to leave us in no doubt of the high esteem in which he was held. He was clerk of the Territorial court in the days of Worthington, McArthur and Finley. And when he had, like many of our pioneers, been made the victim of designing men, moved by the desire to warn others who might come after him, he published, at his own expense, a manual entitled "Every Man his Own Lawyer," designed " to protect his friends and the farming community of this and the surrounding counties, from the rapacity of land sharks, otherwise called lawyers." The honorable members of the profession, who have no higher opinion of shysters than Mr. McDougal had, will not, of course, consider themselves included in this somewhat bitter arraignment. And though they may consider the accusation too sweeping in its character, yet they will be able to pardon much in one who had doubtless suffered many provocations. Mr. McDougal's familiarity with judicial proceedings, derived from his position as clerk of the court, rendered him peculiarly competent to perform the task which he undertook. And since the precepts of the Territorial law, with very little variation, were embodied in the laws of the State, as afterward organized, this work may be as useful under the present organization as under the former. Mr. McDougal was the father of a most remarkable family. One son (David) has achieved distinction as an officer, high in rank in the United States navy. Another (Charles) as army surgeon, during the Florida war, became celebrated for the performance of a difficult surgical operation, never before (or since) successfully performed in this country.* Another ( John) was governor of California, when the gold fever was at its highest. Still another (George) a romantic adventurer, strayed down the coast from San Francisco, making himself very much at home among all the peoples on his way, and, finally, " turned up " as the chief of a Pa tagonian tribe. Robert D. McDougal, the well-kown lawyer of Chillicothe, is the son of Thomas McDougal, who was a half-brother of the merchant. The subject of this too brief and imperfect sketch died in 1821, and was buried in the graveyard donated to the public by his old friend, Nathan Gregg. About the year 1867 his remains were removed to the new cemetery, but no memorial stone yet marks the last resting place of this prominent pioneer merchant of Chillicothe. Would it not reflect credit upon those who now occupy the places won by the indomitable spirits of those rugged days, to raise a monument over the ashes of honest John McDougal? THE CARLISLES. The name of Carlisle has been identified with the mercantile interests of Chillicothe, for more than three-quarters of a century. JOHN CARLISLE, SR., settled in this town in 1798, and soon entered upon that distinguished mercantile career which, upon his retirement, about the year 1822, two of his sons took up and continued until their death—one of them dying in the summer of 1878, and the other in the spring of 1879. Mr. Carlisle was born in the north of Ireland, in 1771. His parents, Andrew and Eleanor Carlisle, (as we learn from a well authenticated testimonial which they brought with them to this country,) were born of honest dissenting Protestant parents, in the parish of Termon McGurk, county of Tyrone, and north of Ireland, always maintaining a regular, fair, moral, unblemished character, agreeable to their profession. They emigrated to America in 1789, and settled in Pennsylvania. Thence they removed Co Chillicothe, in 1798, and died there, both in the same year, 1821—having lived to see and enjoy their son John's distinguished success as a merchant. We regret that we are able to give so few incidents in the business career of John Carlisle. He was gifted with a liberal disposition, which his remarkable success enabled him to gratify on many well remembered occasions. In the history of the First Presbyterian church of Chillicothe, we have already recorded the fact that, about the year 1809, the society being in danger of losing their partly finished church edifice, through their inability to pay for or complete it, Mr. Carlisle "came forward, and, at his own expense, * He afterward became chief medical purveyor, and is now retired on half-pay. finished the building and handed it over to the congregation, free from debt." And his love for his adopted country was shown during the last war with England, when, as we learn from an obituary notice of him, "on more than one occasion, he made large advances to the government, both of goods and provisions, and thus contributed material aid to the country." The writer of the same notice thus sums up his business and official character: "In his mercantile transactions, he was distinguished for liberality to debtors, and promptitude to creditors ; and ever combined the character of a public-spirited citizen, high-minded gentleman, and enterprising merchant. For the last twenty-five years of his life, Mr. Carlisle devoted much of his atlention to the interests of this town and county. In an address published by the judges of the court of common pleas, at the time of his death, ample testimony is borne to his philanthropic and liberal course. His services as a commissioner of Ross county, continued tip to the time of his death, were of marked utility, and, in the discharge of the difficult duties of that office, he probably gave just offence to none." In 1801 he was married, in this city, to Miss Elizabeth Mann, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom he had eleven children, viz: Andrew, William Mann, John, James, Henry Nelson, Eleanor Ann, Elizabeth Mann, Lucy M., Nancy Julia, Meade Woodson, and Alexander —the latter dying in infancy. The rest all lived to maturity, but three only still survive: Elizabeth Ma nn (widow of the late Rev. Erwin Carson, sixth pastor of the First Presbyterian church, Chillicothe), Lucy M., and Meade Woodson. Mr. Carlisle died in Chillicothe, July, 1847, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. His widow, to whom he had been a faithful and loving husband, and who had been to him a faithful and loving wife, for nearly half a century, survived him until 1849, when she rejoined him in the spirit land. ANDREW CARLISLE, the eldest son of the above named children, was born in 1802, and, on reaching his majority, embarked in business for himserf ; first on Water street, in partnership with a gentleman by the name of Dimmitt, and afterwards with his brother Henry Nelson, in the well-known "Carlisle block," on the corner of Main and Paint streets. For more than fifty years they did here an honorable and prosperous business, which has made this corner one of the historic localities of the city. One who knew Andrew Carlisle well, thus speaks of him : "Few men in Chillicothe were better known than he, and none were more highly respected. He was a model of probity and honor ; and the handsome fortune that he accumulated, was gathered through close and careful attention to business and economical habits alone; and, among his fellow-men in this community, as well as in the great commercial reporters--which are no respecters of persons--the credit of no firm in Chillicothe stood higher than that of A. & H. N. Carlisle." Mr. Carlisle was never married, but made his home with his sisters, at whose residence on Caldwell street, he died, in the spring of 1879, aged seventy-seven years. HENRY NELSON CARLISLE died about six months before his partner and oldest brother, Andrew, in the fall of 1878, in his sixty-ninth year, having been born in this city November 24, 1809. On the 27th of October, 1841, he was married to Miss Elizabeth McLene, of Columbus, a daughter of General Jeremiah McLene, who was at one time secretary of Slate, and subsequently a member of congress from Columbus. His wife and two daughters survive him. From an obituary notice, published at the time of his death, we extract the following: "Mr. Carlisle was a member of the firm of A. & H. N. Carlisle, the oldest firm in the city, and has been connected with the business at the present stand, corner of Main and Paint streets, since 1826,—over fifty years. He was a successful business man, growing not only in wealth during all these years, but in reputation for honest upright dealings. He was a man whose word was as good as his bond. In private life he was an unassuming, genial gentleman, kind-hearted and charitable; giving not ostentatiously but liberally, but where his judgement taught him charity would not be mis-applied. No man had more friends among the older and substantial citizens of the county, and his death will be a cause of universal regret." The officiating clergyman at his funeral was the Rev. Dr. Biggs, of the First Presbyterian church, of which Mr. Carlisle had been for many years a member. 214 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO JOHN WADDLE, one of the early merchants of Chillicothe, was born at Belfast, Ireland, in 1783. His parents emigrated to America about 1787, bringing with them a daughter and three sons, and settled first in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on Chartier creek; afterward they removed to Brooke county, Virginia. When John, the second son, was fourteen years old, he was taken by his father to Pittsburgh, and there indentured for the term of five years to Alexander McLaughlin, to be taught mercantile affairs. Mr. McLaughlin was then a prosperous, leading merchant of Pittsburgh, an afterward removed to Chillicothe. The apprentice, when hut seventeen years old, was sent as supercargo of a flatboat laden with flour and pork, bound to New Orleans, which was then under the Spanish government. Notwithstanding his youthfulness, he successfully and satisfactorily discharged his duties. Having sold his cargo and boat, he took ship at New Orleans for Philadelphia, where the vessel, on its arrival, was placed in quarantine, on account of apprehension of yellow fever, but an opportunity was soon found for escaping to the shore and making his way to Pittsburgh. Mr. Waddle came to reside at Chillicothe about 1802. He served as a clerk in the store of Mr. John Carlisle until he attained the age of twenty- one years, and then, as a partner of Mr. Carlisle, started another store, under the firm name of John Waddle & Co. In a few years he was established in business for himself, and soon became a prominent and successful merchant. Besides dealing in the goods that, at that day, made up the stock of a western merchant, he engaged in pork packing, and in buying and shipping other products of the country by flatboats to New Orleans, and when the war of 1812 created a home market for such products, he became interested in contracts for army supplies, which yielded handsome profits. After the close of the war, the business of shipping to New Orleans was resumed, and, either by himself, or as a member of the firm of Worthington, Waddle & Davidson, or afterward, under the name of Waddle & Davidson, he continued in the trade until he retired from active businesss, about 1822. His capital, as it accumulated, was mostly invested in real estate, and when he retired, he was ranked among the wealthy citizens of Chillicothe, but the contraction in values of real estate throughout the west, which came on a few years after the close of the war of 1812, and the liberality of Mr. Waddle in endorsing the notes of his friends for discount at the branch of the United States bank, then located at Chillicothe, brought to him financial embarrassments, and in 1828, swept from him most of his fortune. The remnant was, however, sufficient, with industry and economy, to furnish a comfortable support for his family; and in 1830, he removed to a farm in Clark county, Ohio. In March, 1831, while on a visit to his old home at Chillicothe, he was taken sick, and died after a few days' illness. He was an intelligent and liberal man, energetic and public-spirited, with warm attachments to his family and friends, and creating warm attachments to himself. In 1806 he was married at Chillicothe to Nancy Mann. who, soon after his death, removed back to Chillicothe, where she resided until she died in 1874. Of the nine children horn to them, there yet survive, Alexander Waddle, of Clark county, Ohio; Mrs. William McCoy, of Independence, Missouri; and Dr. William Waddle, John Waddle, Lucy A. Waddle, and Angus L. Waddle, of Chillicothe. WILLIAM ROSS. William Ross, another of the early merchants of Chillicothe, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 5782. Like many another, he was furnished with the weapons wherewith to carve out his own destiny, and then given a wide field in which to do battle. He was graduated "with honor at Marshall college, Aberdeen, securing the "Bursary" prize against more than one hundred competitors. Sailing for America, he landed at Quebec, sometime in the year 1800, being then a youth of eighteen. But the new world had a place awaiting his arrival, as is evidenced by the fact that he was almost immediately employed as a private tutor in a Canadian family, where he remained nearly two years. Impelled, doubtless, by the desire to seek adventure, now that he had attained to man's estate, in this strange continent which had lured him from his Highland home (though "a true and cannie Scot," as one who knew him well affirms), he emigrated to Westmoreland county, western Pennsylvania. Here, by appointment, or chance, he met with John McLandburgh, and was induced by him to penetrate still further into the great west. Under an engagement to act as clerk for Mr. McLandburgh, he accompanied him to the town of Chillicothe, the capital of the recently admitted State of Ohio. After a few years apprenticeship in this new position, during which time his Scotch thrift stood him instead of a patrimony, he was in a position to go into business for himself. His first location was near the spot where Guin's stone saw-mill was afterwards built. His store was a small, one-story building, not unlike the business houses of many of his neighbors of that early time; but, by a union of fairness in dealing, with tact and judgment in the selection of his wares, he secured such a share of patronage as enabled him, when the business of the place tended toward the east, to settle himself in one of the most desirable business locations in the place, on the corner of Paint and Second streets. Here, says an early chronicler, "still in a one-story building, with the gable to the street, he sold goods and made his profits." Enjoying in an unusual degree the confidence of his country friends, who were wont to bring him their surplus funds for safe keeping or safe investment, he was never in want of means to avail himself of any favorable turn in the market, so that not many years of business life had elapsed before Mr. Ross was regarded as a successful merchant. This position, it is but just to say, was secured without compromising his reputation as an honest man. That he was capable of enterprises requiring a combination of faculties somewhat above the plodding routine of buying and selling, appears from the inauguration of a new branch of business in the pioneer city, by the establishment of an oil mill, about the year 1827 or '28. Of the financial success of this enterprise, the data furnished us afford little or no information. We know, however, that another mill was subsequently built by Mr. Ross, and are justified in the conclusion that his well known business ability did not err in seeking new channels for the investment of capital, and for the increase of the industries of the city. His first oil mill was located at the foot of Mulberry street, on what was known at that time as the "thoroughfare," and the second near the "old powder house," on Water street, and also near what was styled, in the old days, " Watt's race course." It may be that, in these enterprises, the wheels of fortune were not so lubricated as to roll the yellow gold into the coffers of the projector; but, if they furnished remunerative employment for labor, thereby increasing the sum of human happiness, we need not be surprised to learn that Mr. Ross "was honored in his day and generation." And when we learn, further, that not all the demands of business upon his time robbed him of the leisure necessary to make himself familiar with the best literature of the language, we can easily understand how it was that a contemporary speaks of the high social rank enjoyed by Mr. Ross and others of his class, at a time when Chillicothe was not only the seat of government, but also a center of intelligence and culture. Among other enterprises connected with the growth and business of the city, Mr. Ross comes down to us of the present day, as the first to erect a four story building. We are sorry not to be able to give the date of its erection, hut the fatal fire of 1852 swept away this relic of the past, and the first "four story" exists only in the one story of its humble chronicler. It is noteworthy also, as a proof that his mental faculties had not felt the approach of age, that though he had completed the full "three score years and ten," his first intention, upon the destruction of this building, was to rebuild it. From this purpose he was dissuaded by friends who thought the undertaking too great for his enfeebled state of health, and the lot occupied by this building was afterward sold to Messrs. John Marfield, McLandburgh, Wills and F. Campbell, owners and stockholders of the Valley bank. His intercourse with others was marked with that courtesy which was the 'natural outgrowth of a just appreciation of himself and of those with whom he was brought in contact. His benevolence was large, but in this, as in all else, he was without ostentation. Throughout his whole course of life he was distinguished by a marked degree of native energy, a determination to act out his own convictions of right, a fixedness of purpose which resulted in that rare combination of deliberative and executive talents, which marked him as no common man. Mr. Ross died at the age of seventy-seven, in December, 1859. He had married late in life, but having no children, the bulk of his large estate, after providing for his widow, was left by will to his nephew, Alexander Wilson, of this city. JOHN WOODBRIDGE was the youngest son of Hon. Dudley and Lucy (Backus) Woodbridge, of Norwich, Connecticut, where he was born, November 25, 1785. Though but three years old when taken to Marietta, Ohio, to which HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 215 place his father removed in 1788, he ever retained a vivid remembrance of the hardships and perils of pioneer life. While still young he was sent to Bethlehem, Connecticut, and there placed under the tuition of Azel Backus, his mother's kinsman, who afterward became the first president of Hamilton college, New York. Relurning to Marietta, he resided there with his father till after his majority; when, in September, 1806, he removed to Chillicothe, where, first as merchant, then as banker, he spent the remainder of his life. In January, 1809, he was elected cashier of "the old bank of Chillicothe," then newly organized,—a position which he held with distinguished honor till the expiration of its charter in 1844—a period of thirty-five years. A contemporary says: "Only those acquainted with the history of banking, and the great financial difficulties which, during the war of 1812, and at a subsequent period, obstructed or deranged business, can fully estimate the important and valuable services of Mr. Woodbridge as a financier. The bank of Chillicothe at times rendered great assistance to the government; and when most of the banking instilutions were crumbling around, maintained its credit with fidelity and honor." And another speaks thus: "In a great financial crisis in Ohio, many years ago, the credit of the State was saved by the financial skill of John Woodbridge." Collaterally he was engaged in the manufacture of iron, from 1819 to 1852. On the twenty-second of January, 1816, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry and Eleanor (Pleyel) Buchanan. In 1817 he united with William Key Bond, and a few other citizens, in the organization of St. Paul's church, Chillicothe; one of the earliest parishes in the diocese of the venerated Bishop Chase. It is now nearly a century since Mr. Woodbridge first trod the soil of the Northwest Territory. He was, perhaps, the last of the pioneers of '88, having witnessed the growth of Ohio from a savage wilderness, to one of the most populous, prosperous and enlightened States of the Union. After the constitution was formed Chillicothe remained the capital of the State, as it had been of the territory; and being one of the military headquarters during the war of 1812, not only were men of rank, in civil and military life attracted thither, but also many brilliant intellects and genial spirits, forming a society unsurpassed in the west for culture and refinement. Of this polished society Mr. and Mrs. Woodbridge were for many years among the acknowledged leaders. His closing years were spent in a chosen and congenial retirement, which enabled him to indulge his taste for literary and agricultural pursuits. He departed this life at his residence, Dun Glen, near Chillicothe, May 4, 1864, his amiable and accomplished wife, to whom he was devotedly attached, having preceded him by nearly three years. Mr. Woodbridge was noted for his firm principles, sterling integrity and rare business talents. His fine intellect was highly cultivated. He was a true patriot, a cheerful, consistent christian, a devoted husband and father, a gentleman of the old school, whose manners, courtesy and dignity were finely blended. Of a vigorous constitution, with simple tastes and habits, he lacked less than a year of attaining the almost invariable four score years of his ancestors. The foregoing sketch, with a few verbal changes and additions, is taken from "The New England Historical and Geneological Register." and kindly furnished for this volume by a daughter of Mr. Woodbridge.) THE MEDICAL PROFESSION—PAST AND PRESENT. Chillicothe has always been fortunate in the character and standing of its physicians. Elsewhere will be found separate biographies of Dr. Samuel McAdow, the first physician here; Dr. Edward Tiffin, the man of many titles and callings; Dr. William Fullerton, lately deceased; and Dr. L. A. Foulke, who still generously responds to the calls of some of his old-time patients, who refuse to give him up, although he has reached the ripe (but still green and vigorous) age of seventy-one years. In this chapter we shall give sketches, necessarily shorter, of a few of the other early physicians of the place, who have yielded to the fate which they so often averted from others; and finish with notices, still more brief, of all the regular practitioners who have taken their places. In neither class of sketches can we take the pains to follow a very exact chronological order. We commence our list of early practitioners with the distinguished name of DR. JOSEPH SCOTT, who was born in Shippensburgh, Pennsylvania, about the year 1779. He was a younger brother of Dr. John Scott, who was with Wayne at lhe battle of the Cross Timbers, and at the treaty of Greenville. Dr. Joseph Scott came here about the year 1804, having been educated at Cannonsburgh, Pennsylvania. He entered immediately upon a large and successful practice, and, in a few years, purchased the house of General Henry Massie, and thirty-two acres of ground in the northwestern part of the city, now called from him, "Scottls addition." Soon after settling here he married Miss Finley, who was then residing with her uncle, General Samuel Finley, at the place now owned by Dr. Albert Douglas. This lady died about the year 181o, soon after which event Dr. Scott removed to Frankfort, Kentucky, where he purchased property and practiced his profession for about twelve years. He there married Miss Lucy Webb, daughter of Captain Isaac Webb, an officer of the Revolutionary army, and father of Dr. James Webb, mentioned below. Dr. Scott returned to Chillicothe about 1822, and resumed practice, continuing until about 1827. He then removed to Lexington, Kentucky, where he died in 1848 or 1849. He was considered one of the most skilful practitioners that have ever distinguished the profession in Chillicothe, and was remarkable for his sound judgment in difficult cases. He also joined to his medical skill, an unusual degree of financial ability. And some may regard it as a significant coincidence, that he was an uncle of the well-known financiers, M. Scott Cook, and his brother William, now residing in Chillicothe. DR. JAMES WEBB was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, about the year 1797. He was educated in Transylvania university, and studied medicine with the eminent physician and surgeon, Dr. Dudley. He came to this place in 1825, and went rnto partnership with Dr. Joseph Scott, continuing with him about two years. In 1827, he married Miss Maria Cook, a sister of M. Scott Cook, of this city. He was a popular and successful practitioner, and a man of very exemplary character. In 1833 the cholera broke out in Kentucky with great virulence. His parents now becoming advanced in years, and several other members of the family still resided at the old home, toward which the fell disease was approaching. With an impulse of filial piety, creditable to his nature, Dr. Webb hastened to visit them. On his way he passed through Millersburgh, where the epidemic was raging. There he met a physician with whom he was acquainted, and went with him to visit some of his patients, and study the symptoms of the disease. His father's residence was only about twelve miles from this place. Resuming his journey, he had proceeded but a short distance when he was prostrated by the epidemic, near a place called Bryant's station. Getting a little better, he was taken from that place to his father's, where he found that his brother, and several of the negroes had already fallen victims to the disease. And soon after his arrival, both his parents and his sister, Mrs. Winnie Scott, were attacked and died. He recovered suffrciently to be taken to Lexington, where he died from the secondary effects of the disease (intensified; doubtless, by the mental suffering through which he had passed), in about a week after his arrival, and before his wife could reach him. He left three children, the youngest of whom, a daughler, named Lucy, was married, in 1852, to Rutherford B. Hayes, the present chief magistrate of the United States. DR. WILLIAM McDOWELL, a brother-in-law of Judge McClintick, came to this place early in the present century. He was at first a merchant, and was in the habit of attending medical lectures during his visits to Philadelphia for the purchase of goods. By this means, joined with private study, he became a "well-read " physician, and obtained a regular diploma. He gave up his store and commenced practice, about the year 1816. lie was regarded as a very skilful practitioner, obtained at once a lucrative practice, and accumulated a fine property—including a valuable farm in Deerfield township. Like so many other leading Chillicotheans, he added to his other vocations that of a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal church. 216 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Another Dr. McDowell came here about the year 1826, when quite a young man. He was here only a year or two, during which time he was a partner of Dr. Card. He afterward became noted as a professor in the St. Louis Medical college. DR. CYRUS TRIMBLE came here in 1819 or '20. He practiced only two or three years, dying in 1822 of malarial fever. He was a brother of Governor Trimble, and was noted for his skill in surgery. DR. ARTHUR WATT came in 1825 or '26, and entered at once upon a successful practice. Soon after settling here, he married a daughter of Governor Worthington. His father was an extensive land owner in this vicinity, having come into possession of a large tract east of town, and embracing a part of the corporation. DR. ISAAC HAYS settled here about the year 1815. He had been a surgeon in the war of 1812. He came from Carlisle, Pennsylvania, being a graduate of Dickinson college, of that place. His medical education was obtained in :he University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. After practicing here shout nine years he returned to Carlisle, but soon after settled in Pittsburgh. He died at Madison, Indiana, about the year 1850. DR. VETHAKE came to this place from New York city, about the year 1818. He married a sister of Colonel Brush, and practiced in this place for several years. He was a man of unusual culture, both in his profession and outside of it. His practice was not large, but he was patronized by some of the best families of the place. He returned to New York about the year 1826, and became (as we are informed) a professor in Columbia college of that city. DR. DAVID WILLS was a native of Pennsylvania, and removed to this place from near Shippensburgh in that State, about the year 1823. He immediately entered upon an extensive practice, both on account of his skill as a physician, and the unusual prevalence of malarial diseases in this part of the State at that time. In 1834 he formed a partnership with Dr. John K. Finley, a son of Gen. Samuel Finley. The two practiced together till 1836 or '37, when Dr. Finley removed to Pittsburgh. Dr. Wills continued here till 1862, when he went to Zanesville to live with a daughter. There he died, about the year 1874. DR. J. J. MOORE was born in Nelson county, Virginia, April 29, 1807. He commenced the practice of medicine in Huntsville, Alabama, but came to Chillicothe in 1833, and continued the practice of his profession to the time of his death, which occurred here in 1871. He was widely known as a physician of rare judgment. DR. SAMUEL McADOW, the first settled physician of Chillicothe, was born in Harford county, Maryland, September 23, 1772. His parents were natives of Scotland, and members of the Scottish Kirk, of which his father was a deacon. Samuel was the youngest of nine children, and being the smallest of the brothers, was called the " dwarf," though when in health his weight was seldom less than two hundred pounds. He had the advantage of careful, conscientious home training, and graduated from Cokesburgh college, in his native State, being a classmate of the distinguished Methodist minister, the Rev. Valentine Cooke. He was a fine classical scholar, continuing reading Greek amidst the arduous professional duties of an extensive practice. Dr. Samuel McAdow, jr., from whose sketch of his father, published in the Chillicothe Register in 1869, this article is prepared, tells us that the Greek lexcion used by his father, which is still in his possession, bears the price mark of one pound, two shillings and six pence. Let fathers o the present day take note for their comfort. One thing may be remarked, however, books in that ante-" young American" era, had a habit of passing down from one generation to another, and there is a legend that boys doted on text books used by their great-great-grandfathers. After his graduation, which from subsequent dates, we discover must have been at an early age, Samuel McAdow studied medicine under the celebrated Dr. Archer, of Maryland, completing his medical studies in Philadelphia, under Drs. Rush and Physic, whom it would be superfluous to distinguish as celebrated. In 1793, we find the subject of our sketch, just arrived at his majority and settled in Cambridge, Bourbon county, Kentucky. Here the young doctor was not long in securing an extensive practice and the hand of Polly Howe, to whom he was united in marriage, October 21, 1794. Mrs. McAdow was the sister of the Revs. Joseph and John Howe, well known in that part of Kentucky. A party of twelve persons from Bourbon county, one of whom was Dr. McAdow. "interviewed" the valley of Scioto in the fall of 1796; and arriving at the city of Chillicothe, whose street corners were then indicated by blazed trees, they pitched their tents on the ground where the court house now stands. A large Indian community occupied the land- in the vicinity of the mouth of Paint creek, three miles below the town just laid out in the dense forest by General Nathaniel Massie. The Bourbons, after viewing the prospective city from all points, and declaring, unanimously, that the site was one worthy to become the capital of the kingliest Bourbon that ever ruled, returned to Kentucky; and in the following spring Dr. McAdow removed here with his family, where he spent the remainder of his life. At the age of twenty-five, he commenced in Chillicothe, the practice of medicine—a practice which continued more than half a century. He is described as a man of fine physical proportions, and possessed of great powers of endurance. But the country was new and the first settlers suffered from the malarial fevers, common in the new settlements in the west. His practice was extensive, employing all of his time and taxing his strength to the utmost. Drug stores not having then become a drug in the market, about the year 1802 Dr. McAdow, Mr. George Renick, and Mr. Nathan Gregg, started on horseback from Chillicothe to the city of Baltimore. The object of this expedition was the purchase of a stock of medicines by Dr. McAdow, and dry goods by Messrs. Renick and Gregg. The purchases were sent by way of the Ohio river to Portsmouth, and from thence up the Scioto by keel-boats. The doctor was attacked with a fever in Baltimore, and his companions were compelled to leave him, bearing a message to his family that he would start for home as soon as he was able to ride. Think of this ! Two weeks must elapse before the message could reach the distant home, and then what possibilities of the events of that interval, and how many anxious, weary days, before some chance traveler might bring the hoped for, yet dreaded news. In this instance it is to be hoped that the message did not reach its destination until the fever had spent its fires, and the good doctor was himself en route with his ounce of "Peruvian bark and vial of p01t wine," his only consolers on his long ride over the mountains; unless we may except the hope of a speedy arrival at the haven where he would be. What do the physicians, and merchants, and wives of today think of such heroic endurance? Verily, there were giants in those days, and the "dwarf" was one of them. Dr. McAdow was also, we are told, a very successful amateur horticulturist, obtaining his fruits from the seeds and propagating fine varieties by budding and grafting, having always an abundance of the rare varieties and being the first man that inserted a bud into a tree in Chillicothe. Had this early example of scientific horticulture been generally followed, there is no doubt this vicinity would have been famed as the fruit garden of southern Ohio. Dr. McAdow, jr., speaks of having, in 1868, fruit trees bearing fruit abundantly, that were originated by his father sixty years before; and apple trees full of fruit grafted by him forty years before. A cherry, called the McAdow seedling, originated by Dr. McAdow, jr., is very popular in this part of Ohio, and an attempt has been made to acclimate it in Minnesota. During the war of 1812, Dr. McAdow was attached to General Duncan McArthur's regiment as surgeon, and he served in that capacity during the war. He was present when General Hull surrendered the American army, and saw the articles of capitulation signed. He was esteemed by all who knew him as a man faithful in all the relations of life, as well as devout and conscientious in his religious duties. He was, for more than thirty years, a faithful and consistent HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 217 member of the Methodist Episcopal church, in whose communion and fellowship he died, on the fifth of April, 1849. DR. WILLIAM FULLERTON. Dr. William. Fullerton was born near Chambersburgh, Pennsylvania, in November, 1802, and died on the nineteenth of July, 1875, at Chillicothe, Ohio. His father was a lineal descendant, in the third generation, of Major Humphrey Fullerton, who, under William, king of England, was conspicuous for gallant conduct at the battle of Boyne, and afterward was a man of wealth and position in this country, owning a large landed estate in the Cumberland valley, Maryland. His son, the father of the subject of this sketch, moved with his family to Chillicothe in 1804, engaging in business and investing largely in real estate. His investments proving fortunate, his means were greatly increased, but, being always generous to his friends, and sympathizing with those among them less fortunate than himself, he was, at the time of his death, involved in financial difficulties occasioned by endorsing for those friends. Having been offered lay the Mexican government large areas of land in Texas, on condition of settlement of the land by colonies, he visited Texas, and, on his return, the steamer on which he had embarked for home at New Orleans exploded her boiler, and, though not among the victims of the explosion, so great was the shock sustained, added to the sight of so much suffering, that he did not rally from its effects, but died in 183o. His son William, having entered Chillicothe academy, was there fitted for college. Entering the University of Ohio, he studied the full course, and, but for sickness, would have graduated in 1822. Recovering his health, he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Pinkerton, and, having attended the lectures of the professors of Transylvania university, in Lexington, Kentucky, graduated in 1825. Returning to Chillicothe, Dr. Fullerton began the practice of his profession, and at once arose in the estimation of those who engaged his services until, in the course of a few years, he stood among the first practitioners of his day; and, being endowed with strong mental powers, unusually fine appearance and address, and scholarly attainments, he inspired confidence in all to whom he ministered. Politically, the Fullerton family were Federalists; but sharing the sentiment of resentment entertained by his father toward the Federal leader, John Quincy Adams, for accepting office under President Jefferson; and, being of age when Mr. Adams opposed General Jackson for the presidency, in 1824, he voted for the general and acted with his party until the slavery question assumed prominence. An ardent lover of liberty and justice to the oppressed, Dr. Fullerton became an active abolitionist and assisted freely in those preparations for the freedom of the slave, which, to his intense satisfaction, culminated in the emancipation proclamation of the lamented President Lincoln, on the first of January, 1863; and from that time to the close, he felt that at last the proper object of the war was squarely announced to the whole world. In 1834, Dr. Fullerton married Miss Sophia Lyman, daughter of Elias Lyman, of Greenville, Massachusetts, whose father was an officer in the Revolutionary war. This lady survives him. Of their children, Lyman, born April, 1835, died in Kansas city, 1871: Sophia L. born 1844, died in 1867; Margaret is the wife of Thomas N. Marfield, of Chillicothe; William D., a commission merchant, resident in Baltimore; and Lucy H., a young lady living at the old home in Chillicothe. Dr. Fullerton was a man of very decided character, but never in haste in forming his opinions; and these; characteristics, in consequence, added weight to their expression. A loyal friend, a model husband and father, in the social circle he was genial and courteous, and he has left, as a sacred legacy to his family and the friends he loved, his virtues and honorable record. DR. L. W. FOULKE. The subject of this sketch was horn at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in August, 18(39. His father, George D. Foulke, a physician and surgeon, was a graduate of Dickinson college, Carlisle, and of the Medical University of Maryland, one of the leading institutions of its character in the United States. The son was reared with all the advantages superior social position could secure, and in 1825, was sent to Dickinson college, which was then extensively patronized, and from which he graduated in 1829. In 1832, after the usual course of attendance upon the lectures of the Medical University of Maryland, he graduated as a doctor of medicine, just thirty years after his father had done so from the same college, which still continued to maintain a high standing, having among its faculty some of the first men in their departments to be found in the country. Commencing the practice of his profession immediately after receiving his diploma, first in his native State, and afterward in Chillicothe, whither he removed in 1836, his personal demeanor and professional skill, soon won for him the esteem of the community. He rapidly acquired an extensive practice which embraced many of the influential families of the town and surrounding country. Ever attentive, patient and watchful in his practice, his presence in the sick chamber inspired hope in the patient ; while his self-reliance and assurance in his diagnosis precluded dissatisfaction. In his consultations and intercourse with his brother practitioners he was ever careful to maintain a strict regard for the ethics of the profession. In 1837 Dr. Foulke married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John McCoy, of Chillicothe. Their only child, a daughter, became the wife of Dr. G. S. Franklin, a gentleman of fine literary culture, genial manners and increasing influence, a graduate of Marietta college, and subsequently of the college of physicians and surgeons, of New York. For several years, and until his resignation in 1869, Dr. Franklin was an assistant, and when he resigned, a full surgeon, in the United States navy. He then located in Chillicothe as a practitioner. Having lately retired from the more active and laborious duties of his profession, Dr. Foulke is prominently identified with many of the most important public interests of the city. He took a prominent part in the organization of the present effective public school system, while to him, in chief degree, the Chillicothe cemetery owes it spaciousness, position and beauty of plan. He was president of its board of trustees from the organization of that board until 1879. Dr. Foulke was also the first president of the Ross County National bank, and held the same position in the Ohio Insurance company. In 1843, in acknowledgment of his professional status and literary attainments, he received from Dickinson college the degree of master of arts. During the war of the Rebellion he was loyal to the Federal government, and his influence was always exerted in favor of the Union cause. PRESENT PRACTITIONERS. Probably no town of its size can boast as many veteran medical practitioners as Chillicothe. These four, at least, may properly be reckoned in this category : Dr. Samuel McAdow, jr., aged seventy-four; Dr. Louis W. Foulke, seventy-one; Dr. William Waddle, sixty-nrne; and Dr. Jonathan Miesse, sixty-three. DR. SAMUEL McADOW, JR., was born in this city, August 4, 1806—the day of the great eclipse. His father was the first practicing physician here, and from him the son derived the most of his knowledge of the healing art. His " school learning " was all obtained in the old academy, and is sufficiently thorough and extensive to do credit to his alma inciter. He commenced practice in 1827, and still responds to the calls of some of the old families, who are loth to relinquish his services. His wife is a daughter of John Kirkpatrick, who came to this place from Caneridge, Kentucky, in the fall of 1797, being one of the emigrants that accompanied the Rev. Robert G. Finley from that place. Dr. McAdow is one of the Chillicothe physicians who have joined the two congenial professions of preaching as well as " practicing," having been licensed as an exhorter in the Methodist Episcopal church in 1840, and as a preacher in 1842. He never took a regular charge, bur was for many years in the habit of preaching wherever his services were needed, in the town and surrounding country. He was ordained a: deacon in 1846, and as elder in 1850- -both by Bishop Morris. DR. WILLIAM WADDLE was born in Chillicothe in 1811- --his father being one of the early anc successful merchants of the city. After leaving the academy he spent two years in the Ohio university, at Athens, but did not remain to graduate. He studied medicine at the Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, from which institution he received his diploma, in 1836. He then spent one year traveling in the south, and commenced practicing in this place in 1837. During all these forty-three years he has seldom been absent from his post, and never out of employment. There is 218 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. every prospect that his record of active professional work here will exceed the limits of a full half-century—a record which might well satisfy any ordinary ambition. During the years 1876 and ,'77, he was president of the Chillicothe Medical society. In 1845 he married Miss Jane S. McCoy—by which union two distinguished mercantile houses became intimately allied. They have had nine children, eight of whom are still living. DR. JONATHAN MIESSE Was born at Reading, Pennsylvania, February 15, 1817. He received his degree of doctor in medicine at the Pennsylvania Medical college, Philadelphia, in March, 1846. By private tuition, however, he had fitted himself for successful practice, and had actually entered upon the duties of his profession, eight years previous. He has practiced medicine in Ross county from the year 1838 to the present time—a period of forty-two years. DR. JEFFERSON B. SCEARCE was born in Woodford county, Kentucky, in 1837, and was educated in Bethany college, Virginia, from which institution he was graduated in 1855. He afterward attended medical lectures in Louisville for one year, and finished his medical education in Jefferson college, Philadelphia, in 1858. In the same year he commenced practice in Louisville, where he continued four years. He then practiced at Gold Hill, Nevada, for eight or nine months; and, returning east, settled in Chillicothe in 1864. In the spring of 1865, he formed a partnership with Dr. Waddle, with whom he continues to practice at the present time. In 1860 he married Mary Louise Bimont, during his residence in Louisville. DR. B. F. MIESSE, a nephew of Dr. Johnathan Miesse, was born in Delaware, Ohio, March 6, 1841. He pursued his literary studies at the Ohio university, Athens, from which institution he was graduated in June, 1861. He attended medical lectures at the Ohio Medical college, Cincinnati, and at Bellevue hospital Medical college, New York, receiving the degree of M. D. from the last-named institution, in March, 1865; since which time he has practiced his profession in Chillicothe. He was assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth regiment, Ohio National Guards, in the late Rebellion. DR. R. B. HALL was born in Aurelius Township, Washington county, Ohio., May 15, 1849, and was educated at Marietta, Ohio. He received his medical educalion at the Miami Medical college, Cincinnati, Ohio, graduating February 27, 1872. March 14, 1872, he was married to Mrs. Margaret Chandler, of Salem township, Washington county, Ohio. March 27, 1872, he located at New England, Athens county, Ohio, and practiced medicine there for two years. Seeking a change of climate for the benefit of his health, he went to Santa Barbara, California. An almost Immediate improvement in health enabled him to resume the practice of his profession, which he continued until April, 1875; when, with complete restoration of health, he returned to his native State, and located in Chillicothe, Ohio, July 26, 1875; where he has continued to practice medicine until the present time. DR. W. A. HALL was born on the tenth of September, 1851, in Aurelius township, Washington county, Ohio, and was educated in the Marietta schools, attending also the Normal school at Caldwell, Noble county, Ohio. He graduated from the Miami Medical college, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 1876, He practiced first at Bourneville, Ross county, and settled in Chillicothe, March 18, 1878. DR. J. M. HANLY was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, September 24, 1855. His literary education was received in the public schools of Chillicothe. After studying medicine with Drs, Waddle and Scearce, he attended medical lectures at the Ohio Medical college, Cincinnati, and also at the Columbus Medical college, Columbus, Ohio, and received his medical diploma from the last named college, February 28, 1877. In April, 1877, he was appointed assistant physician of the Athens asylum for the insane, Athens, Ohio, and served in that capacity until April 18, 1879. May r, 1879, he located in Chillicothe, Ohio, where he is practicing at the present time. DR. WILLIAM A. MOORE, a son of the late Dr. J. J. Moore, was born in Chillicothe, March 28, 1845. After obtaining his preparatory education, in the public and select schools of this city, he took the scientific course at Wittenberg college, Springfield, Ohio. Returning to. this place, he studied medicine with his father, and graduated from the Ohio Medical college, Cincinnati, in the year 1872. Returning again to Chillicothe, he commenced here the practice of medicine, in which he has continued to the present time. DR. G. S. FRANKLIN was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1837. He received his preparatory education at the Chillicothe academy and Union schools, and was graduated from Marietta college in 1859, and made master of arts in 1863. After pursuing his medical studies in this city with Drs. Wills and Scott, he completed his course, and graduated from the college of physicians and surgeons, New York city, in 1862. After some service in the Children's hospital, Randall's island, New York, he was commissioned as assistant surgeon United States navy, in October, 1862. He served in the navy until 1868, when, having been advanced to the position of full surgeon, he resigned, and settled in the practice of medicine at Chillicothe, 1le is at present a member of the Ohio State Medical society, and a fellow of the American academy of medicine. We regret not to be able to give sketches of the remaining regular practicing physicians of Chillicothe. It is, however, impossible; since, with a modesty rare even in the medical profession, they declined to furnish us with the necessary facts. Their names are as follows: 1)r. Gertrude Jones, Dr. J. W. Lash, Dr. James D. Miller, Dr. David H. Scott, and Dr. C. E. Wachenschwang. GENERAL NATHANIEL MASSIE. The founder of a town which has occupied a place as prominent as that of Chillicothe in the history of a great State, would be entitled, from the mere accident of his position, to a respectful historical mention, even though there were little or nothing in his character, attainments, or achievements, that could, of itself, distinguish him from the great mass of immigrants who settled in the town at the same time with him. But Nathaniel Massie would have been a man of mark in this town, even though, instead of being its founder, he had been attracted to it as a place of permanent residence, at any period subsequent to its original settlement. Having, therefore, given an account of the settlement and incorporation of Chillicothe, we feel ourselves under a double obligation to present to our readers as full a biography of its founder as our time and space will permit. The following notice is, in the main, a condensation from John Mc-Donald's "Sketches of Early Settlers in the Western Country;" the language of which, when it served our purpose, we have sometimes taken the liberty to preserve. General Nathaniel Massie was born in Goochland county, Virginia, December a, 1763. His father, who bore the same name, wilh the title of major, was a plain, industrious farmer, of good practical sense, who, acting rather contrary to the old Virginia system, thought it best for his sons that, at an early age, they should be placed in a situation to gain then own livelihood. So soon, therefore, as they had completed their education, he required them to select whatever employment they preferred. Nathaniel, the eldest son, chose surveying for his occupation, and determined to go to the western country, which, at that time, held out great inducements to enterprising young men. Previous to this, however, at the early of seventeen, in the year 1780, he was HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 219 permitted by his father to take the place, either of himself or of some relative of the family, as a substitute in the draft ordered about that time, to recruit the Revolutionary army. How long he continued in the servide, or at what posts he was stationed, we are not informed. But the fact above stated shows him to have been a young man of ardent patriotism, of unusual energy, and of a praiseworthy ambition. Returning from the army, he completed his study of surveying, becoming a thorough master of that intricate science. In the fall of 1783, being in his nineteenth year, he was prepared to set out in the world on his own account. One who knew him well, and saw him but a short time previous to his departure for the west says of him: "that he was an uncommonly fine looking young man; that his form was slender, but well made and muscular, and calculated, from his good constitution and uncommon activity, to endure fatigue, exposure, and privations in an eminent degree; that his countenance was open and expressive of great energy and good sense, and well suited to gain favor from men of enterprise," His father furnished him with a horse well equipped, and with all the necessary surveying instruments. A small amount of treasury warrants were also placed in his care, together wit', a letter of recommendation to General James Wilkinson, who was, at that time, a citizen of the Kentucky country, and a man of distinction. Young Massie continued in Kentucky five or six years, being a part of the time associated in business with General Wilkinson. He first devoted himself to surveying and locating land, and became, in a short time, very expert in this art. It was a matter of astonishment how soon he acquired the science and habits of the backwoodsmen. He could steer his course with great exactness in clear and cloudy weather, and compute distances more correctly than most of the old hunters. He could endure fatigue and hunger with more composure than many who were inured to want on the frontier. In all the perilous situations in which he was placed, he was conspicuous for his good feeling and the happy temperament of his mind. His courage was of a cool and dispassionate character, which, added to great circumspection in times of danger, gave him a complete ascendancy over his companions, who were always willing to follow when Massie led the way. But the field of his labor during this period was not confined to the business of locating and surveying lands. In the fall of 1786 we find him interested with General Wilkinson in speculations in salt, which, on account of its scarcity and the absolute necessity of the article, became very valuable. The principal manufactories in Kentucky were at Bullies and Mann's licks, near Louisville, from which the inhabitants of the west were scantily supplied at very high price, sometimes reaching five dollars per bushel. General Wilkinson, as the senior partner, had the principal direction of the affairs of the firm. But his letters to Massie, which have been preserved, show the high esteem in which the latter was held, and the implicit confidence which the former reposed in his judgment. The first excursion made by General Massie into the interior of the region northwest of the Ohio was in the year 1788. But no account of the particulars of this expedition or of his companions has been preserved. He was probably with Arthur Fox, who was at that time engaged in surveying lands in the Virginia military district, and was a particular friend and companion of Massie. The location of land warrants in this district prior to 1790 required great coolness and courage. Every creek explored, every line run, was at a risk of an attack from the savages, whose boldness, cunning and endurance had to be met by the same qualities in the hardy pioneers. To form a base for his surveying operations, and thus secure himself and his party as much as possible from exposure and danger, Massie determined, in the winter of 1790, to make a settlement within the district. To accomplish this, he gave general notice of his intention in Kentucky, and offered as a donation to each of the first twenty-five families that would join him, one in-lot, one out-lot, and one hundred acres of land besides, provided they would settle in the town he intended to lay off at his settlement. After various consultations with his friends the bottom land on the Ohio river, opposite the lower of the three islands was selected as the most eligible spot. Some thirty families accepting his terms, and holding themselves in readiness to join him, he fixed here his station and laid off into lots a town now called Manchester, about twelve miles above Maysville, formerly known as Limestone, Kentucky. This little confederacy, with Massie at the helm (who was the soul of it,) went to work with spirit. Cabins were raised, and, by the middle of March, 1791, the whole town was enclosed with strong pickets firmly fixed in the ground;- with block-houses at each angle for defence. Thus was effected the first settlement in the Virginia military district, and the fourth within the bounds of the State of Ohio. Massie, having permanently established his new station, continued to make locations and surveys of land in every direction. During this period, from 1790 to 1793, many interesting events occurred, in connection with the surveying parties, for which we regret the want of room in our history. In the fall of the last mentioned year, Massie determined to attempt a surveying tour on the Scioto river. The enterprise being considered very hazardous, lie took with him about thirty chosen men, three of whom (namely, John and Nathaniel Beasley and Peter Lee,) acted as assistant surveyors. It was in this expedition, also, that he employed for the first time, as chain bearer or marker, a young man by the name of Duncan McArthur, of whom the world has since heard ; and to whom, as one of the notable men of Chillicothe, we shall devote some of our space, a little further on. In the month of October, some canoes were procured, and Massie and his party set off by water. They proceeded up the Ohio to the mouth of the Scioto, thence up the Scioto to the mouth of Paint creek. Here the surveyors set themselves to work. Many surveys were made on the Scioto, as far as Westfall. Some were made on the main and others on the north fork of Paint creek ; and the most of that portion of the district contained in Ross and l'ickaway counties, was well explored and partly surveyed. The party finished the work they intended, without any disturbance from the Indians, and returned to Manchester, delighted with the rich country they had explored in this part of the Scioto valley. It was doubtless the impressions received during this expedition, that induced Massie and McArthur, and perhaps others of the party, to make for themselves permanent settlements in this region, not long after. The following winter (1793—'94) General Massie spent in making surveys to the west and north of the region just mentioned, chiefly along the tributaries of the Little Miami. The explorations and surveys of this winter are said to have been made " in the midst of the most appalling dangers." The winter following, although he and his party suffered no disturbances from the Indians, yet they were reduced to great extremities, at one time by the cold, the depth of the snow, and the consequent difficulty of procuring game, upon which they depended almost exclusively for food. Those were the times which tested the stuff of which the actors in them were made. But the hero, Massie, and his heroic companions, nobly stood the test, and doubtless came out all the stronger for the ordeal. The unsuccessful attempt made by General Massie, in 1795, to establish a town in the Scioto valley, and also the successful attempt of the year following, are described in our account of the location of Chillicothe, and therefore we pass over them here, and proceed with a very brief resume of his subsequent career. For several years after laying out and establishing the future capital, lie was busily occupied in bringing into market and disposing of his lands, and in managing his rapidly accumulating property. But his services began to be needed in affairs of State, and through him Governor St. ('lair transacted the most of his business with the settlements above the Little Miami. By him, also, acting under a commission as colonel, the militia of that part of the Northwestern Territory was first organized. In the year 1800 General Massie was married to a daughter of Colonel David Meade, of Kentucky, formerly of Virginia. In 1802 he was a very efficient member of the constitutional convention which met in Chillicothe in November of that year. He was also elected as a member of the senate, in the first general assembly that met under the State constitution, and was chos&I to act in the responsible office of speaker, which he filled with much dignity, and to the entire satisfaction of the body over which he presided. Under the constitution a new organization of the State military forces was made, and Massie was elected "the first major general of the second division of the militia of Ohio." General Massie was, at this time, one of the largest land owners in the State, and being now the head of a family, he began to think of se_ lecting a place for a residence. Around the falls of Paint creek, he had a large body of land, consisting of several thousand acres. Its fine water privileges and the excellent character and situation of the land for stock raising, induced him to choose this locality for a home; and here (in the present township of Paxton), he built a large and comfortable mansion. This part of Ohio was, at that time, much visited by the citizens of Virginia, who owned large quantities of land in the military district, and General Massie's residence was their place of resort, where they always met with a hearty welcome and were hospitably entertained. His hospitality is described as almost bordering on extravagance, especially when shown to any of his old companions. The finest entertainment which his elegant home afforded, was freely extended to those who had followed him in times of danger. His amiable wife, although 220 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. reared in polished and fashionable life, took great pleasure in rendering his awkward backwoods companions easy and at home. One of those companions, John McDonald, from whose narrative this sketch is mainly compiled, says: " I well remember it was in Mrs. Massie's room I first saw tea handed around for supper, which I then thought foolish business, and still remain of that opinion." This our author evidently means as a confession of the rude simplicity of his own taste, and not as an impeachment of that of his fair entertainer. In the year 1807, General Massie and Colonel Return J. Meigs were opposing candidates for the office of governor of Ohio. Colonel Meigs received a small majority; but the election was contested by Massie, on the ground that Colonel Meigs, having lost his citizenship in the State by protracted absence, had not since become a citizen, according to the requirements of the constitution, and was, therefore, ineligible to the office. The general assembly, before whom the case was tried, after hearing the evidence, gave the following decision: "That Colonel Meigs was ineligible to the office, and that General Massie was duly elected governor of the State of Ohio." But Massie was too magnanimous to accept the office to which he had not been called by a majority of the popular vote; and, after the decision in his favor had been rendered, he immediately resigned. Subsequently, he represented Ross county in the State legislature for several terms. In the year 181o, he resigned the office of major general in the Ohio militia. During the last war with Great Britain, in the spring of 1813, the news of the great danger to which General Harrison and his little army were exposed, by being besieged in Fort Meigs by the British and Indians, roused our hero from his retreat at the falls of Paint creek; and, by his own personal efforts, he raised a force of about five hundred men, who, having made him their leader by acclamation, and being mounted each on his 'own horse, and furnished with arms and equipments from the depot of public arms, at Franklinton, dashed forward for the relief of the imperiled army. But, before they reached the fort, the enemy, hearing doubtless of the popular uprising, and fearing destruction by an attack in the rear and a simultaneous sortie from the fort, raised the siege, of their own accord, and hastily retreated into Canada. Being informed of the fact by an express from General Harrison, Massie and his volunteers returned to Chillicothe, where they disbanded and each returned to his home. This was General Massie's last act in public life. He had erected a large furnace for the manufacture of iron, near his residence, at the falls of Paint creek. He had just commenced the business with every prospect of success, and was arranging for the gradual closing up of his widely extended transactions in land. His life had hitherto been one of toil, and largely passed in the midst of dangers and privations. But he had been highly blessed in his domestic relations, and he was preparing to spend the evening of his days in a quiet and happy retirement. Of a natural robust and vigorous constitution, which his earlier toils and struggles had only served to strengthen, he found himself, near fifty, in the enjoyment of perfect health, and with the flattering prospect that he would live to a good old age. But, alas! an inscrutable Providence had ordered otherwise. In the fall of the year, last above written, he was suddenly attacked by a disease which baffled the skill of his physicians, and which terminated his life November 3, 1813, in the fiftieth year of his age. His widow, three sons, and two daughters (a most estimable family) survived him; but these, with one exception, have all now joined the husband and father in the spirit land. The oldest son, who bears the christian name of his father, still lives, at an advanced age, at Hillsborough, in the adjoining county of Highland. A grandson (son of Henry), who is said to be a very promising young man, is now pursuing his studies at Princeton college, New Jersey. He bears the christian name of Meade Creighton. Mrs. Massie died in the year 1833, and was buried by the side of her husband, on their own grounds, at the falls of Paint creek. But on the sixth of June, 1870, the remains of both were removed and reentered, with Masonic honors, in the beautiful cemetery overlooking the city of Chillicothe, with which the name of Massie is more intimately associated than with any other. On this interesting occasion appropriate addresses were made by Gen. J. T. Worthington and Theodore Sherer, esq. THOMAS WORTHINGTON. Chillicothe was singularly fortunate in the character of her leading pioneers. When it is remembered that, but a few months prior to its formal founding, a large company of explorers, under the lead of General Massie, had been attacked by a band of Indians who refused to meet Wayne at Greenville, and compelled to retreat with the loss of one of their number, we of the present day cannot escape a degree of surprise that the settlement had not been left to Massie and McArthur, and kindred spirits, until the question of peaceable possession had been settled beyond a doubt. But it was not so to be. Worthington and Tiffin, and men like them accustomed to the security and culture of older communities, did not hesitate to cast in their lot with the eager throng that sought this enchanted valley. Thomas Worthington, of whom it is said that, for the foundation of that prosperity for which Ohio has become distinguished, the credit is due to no one in a higher degree than to him, was the youngest son of Robert Worthington, of Jefferson (then Berkeley) county, Virginia, and was born February ro, 1773. Losing his parents in early childhood, he nevertheless passed unscathed, but we are not permitted to believe without wise counsel and guidance, that period of early life most exposed to wayward influences. In his thirteenth year he chose as guardian General William Darke, a captain in the Virginia line during the Revolution, and afterwards a renowned Indian fighter, who was present at St. Clair's defeat in 1791. Through the influence of his guardian he was furnished the best educational advantages attainable at that time; but, indulging a strong inclination for the sea, and failing to secure a midshipman's warrant, though opposed by his guardian, he went to Georgetown and enlisted as a sailor, on board the Brittania, a British merchant vessel. After visiting the northern ports of the British islands, and of other northern European countries, the ship returned to Port Greenoch, Scotland, to which port the ship belonged. While lying here, the Brittania was visited by a press-gang, then the terror of American seamen. The lieutenant of this gang claimed young Worthington, a fine looking youth of nineteen, standing six feet in height, as a deserter from his majesty's service, and he narrowly escaped being taken on board a ship of war. From this much to be dreaded fate, a hopeless captivity, suffered by many of his countrymen during the years that intervened between the peace of Paris and the war of 1812, he was saved by the intervention of Captain James Taylor of the Brittania. Captain Taylor represented to the lieutenant, who had produced evidence of his claims, supposed to be incontestible (probably upon the assumption that all Americans came in the catalogue of deserters), that the relatives and guardian of the young man were persons of influence in Virginia, and would be certain to institute inquiries in regard to his fate, which would involve in serious difficulty any one who should violate his rights as an American citizen. The matter thus being placed before his majesty's most faithful servant, he concluded to reserve the convincing evidence in his hands for a subject of his majesty not so well backed. The friendship which had grown up between the worthy Englishman and himself, cemented by this last act of generosity, led to a correspondence which continued many years. The experience of his two years' cruise, and the added maturity of judgment which it induced, led him to embrace the earliest opportunity to return to Virginia. That this two yearsl service before the mast, which to a weaker character might have been the knell of doom, was to Thomas 'Worthington but a school in which great qualities of mind and heart were developed, and that the remnant of his adolescent years was given to a diligent preparation for an honorable career, his rapid advancement and the purity of his life, both private and public, fully demonstrate. In 1796, we find him, in company with Edward Tiffin, his brother- in-law, and others like minded, visiting the new settlements of the Northwest Territory. These high-minded gentlemen had carried their theory of universal liberty to its logical conclusion; and, manumitting their slaves, they were willing to make many material sacrifices to identify their future lives and the rearing of their families with a commonwealth untrammeled by slavery. Selecting the Scioto valley as his future home, Mr. Worthington visited Chillicothe again in 1797, and purchased from General Massie several in and out-lots of the newly platted town. On one of these in- lots he erected the first two-story frame house built in the city, and lhe first house with glazed windows. This house stood on the north side of Second street, and was afterward occupied by Mr. Campbell. Mr. Worthington married, in 1796, Eleanor Swearingen, who is described as a woman of fine intellectual endowment, improved by careful culture. Like many of the pioneer wives and mothers of Ohio, she had been delicately reared, but none the less heroic was the spirit with which she met the dangers and privations of a new settlement in the Northwest Territory. It will give some idea of the wilderness into which they penetrated to state that, debarking from the boats in which they had descended the Ohio, at the mouth of the Scioto, they were compelled to employ a HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 221 guide; there being not even a ''trace" to direct them through the remainder of their journey. So soon was Mr. Worthington's fitness for the duties and responsibilities of public life recognized in this new community, and so anxious was this delicately reared lady to remove all obstacles to a useful and honorable career for her husband, that she soon developed remarkable business capacity, and managed his property during his absence, both at the State and national capitals, with singular skill and judgement. When Ohio would make an estimate of her indebtedness to Thomas Worthington for her present splendid domain, through his unwearied opposition to the resolution which had passed both blanches of the legislature, making the Scioto one of her boundaries, for procuring the passage of a law fora more convenient division of public lands, and also for quieting land titles in the Virginia Millitary district; for laboring most faithfully and efficiently in laying the foundations of her present systems of public instruction and public improvements; for recognizing the wisdom of creating a nucleus for that collection of books which has grown with the State and become a source of pride to every citizen of the State; and finally for leaving as an example to all occupying places of trust and emolument, the stainless record of an incorruptible patriot—let it not be forgotten that the noble woman, who looked well to the ways Of her household, deserves equal honor for removing, by her own courageous industry, the obstacles to an almost continuous service in the interests of the infant State, of more than thirty years. Mr. Worthington settled in Chillicothe in 1798. Accompanied by his wife and infant daughter, and bringing with them many of her slaves and his own who, by mutual consent, had been liberated, his first enterprises were undertaken in their behalf. He built mills, the first that deserved the name in the Scioto valley, haying brought with him the proper artisans for the work. He cleared lands and planted orchards, whose fruits were for years the pride of the Chillicothe markets. Encouraging his freedmen to provide for their own, and placing the means to do so within their reach, he had soon the satisfaction of seeing them comfortably housed in tenements built from the products of his saw-mill, the first built in the vicinity of the city. Assigning to each a portion of land, he directed them all to go vigorously to work to cut down the trees and prepare the lands for the next year's crop. That his wishes were responded to, is apparent from the statement, that plenty soon crowned their well-directed industry. That a man thus placed before a community whose institutions, educational and political, were yet in embryo, should at once be recognized as a leader, was a result as inevitable as any other operation of natural law. From 1799 to 1801, Mr. Worthington was with Tiffin, Langham and Findley, a member of the Territorial legislature, as a representative from Ross county. The first session, that of 1799, was held at Cincinnati, and those of 1800 and 1801, in Chillicothe. In 1802 he was a member of the convention called to frame the constitution of the new State, and the good ship being now safely launched upon her prosperous voyage, he was sent, in 1803, to the senate of the United States, where his services were most valuable to Ohio, in procuring the passage of laws which gave a new impetus to the tide of immigration, already setting toward her fertile shores. In addition to those previously alluded to, was the introduction into the senate of a bill for laying out the Cumberland road, from tide water to the Ohio river. He was also the author of the clause in the State constitution prohibiting negro apprenticeships, a form of slavery which prevailed for many years in neighboring States In the interval between his two senatorial terms, he was of great service to the general government in treating with the Indians, by whom he was held in high esteem, Tecumseh, at his invitation, attending a council held at the old capital. Near the close of his second term in the United States senate in 1814, Mr. Worthington was elected the fourth governor of the State of Ohio, and resigned his seat in congress to enter upon the duties of chief magistrate of the State of his adoption. The benefits of his services in this high position Ohio is now enjoying, in her exalted rank in the family of States, as among the foremost in all the elements that go into the complete mechanism of advanced material prosperity, linked with a proud distinction in the higher departments of enlightenment and culture. The following anecdote, coming fron the late Dr. Lincoln Goodale, of Columbus, who witnessed the joint labor of the governor and convicts pro bono publico, is worthy to be transmitted to the later ages. Soon after the election of Mr. Worthington as governor, while on a visit to Columbus he saw that the public square, on which the old capitol buildings stood, and on which the magnificent capitol now stands, was not in a condition to suggest "clean" legislation, but was encumbered with unsightly log heaps, brush piles, etc. To satisfy the governor's sense of the fitness of things, something must be done. Finding, however, that the town authorities were not easily moved thereto, and quite unused to failure for lack of expedients, he applied to the warden of the penitentiary and secured the services of about thirty convicts with lhe necessary guards. After a brief talk to this annulated squad, he marched them to the public square, and setting the example himself by putting his own hands to the plow, or whatever implement was best suited to his purpose, in two days he had the ten acres of public domain entirely rid of its superincumbent rubbish, and the convicts and citizens had received a lesson and service which are not usually enumerated among the duties of the chief magistrate, and from which it is to he hoped that they and theirs profited, and will continue so to do to the latest posterity. So completely did he infuse his own cheerful energetic spirit into these men, that no attempt to escape was made, and all worked cheerfully and efficiently. Deeply interested in the construction of canals, as in all else that tended to develop the resources of the rising State, he was, as a member of the general assembly (after being governor,) also a member of the first board that reported in favor of their construction ; and it was while in New York, awaiting a meeting of such a board, that he died after a brief illness, on the twentieth of June, 1827. He served two consecutive terms as governor, being re-elected in 18x6. After his retirement from public life, he never ceased to manifest a most lively interest in all matters pertaining to public improvements ; and so prominent was his influence, that the American Intelligencer designated him as the father of the American system of public improvements. His stone mansion, which, at the time of its erection, was probably one of the finest west of the Alleghanies, still occupied by his descendants, overlooks the city with which so much of his active life was associated. Its highly cultivated orchards and gardens have lost something of their first productiveness ; but the memory of this true man and pure patriot will always be reverenced by the people of Ohio, and cherished with a peculiar pride and affection by the citizens of Chillicothe. DUNCAN McARTHUR. Among the remarkable men who are identified with the early history of Chillicothe, Duncan McArthur holds deservedly a high rank. If honor is due to those who, with all the aids that wealth, education and social position bring to their possessors, rise to high places, the !need of honor should not be stinted to one who, unaided by these accidents of birth, achieves greatness through the unconquerable force that lies in himself, and which creates circumstances; or better, perhaps, annihilates them. The subject of this sketch was born in Duchess county, New York, 1772. He was, as his name indicates, of Scotch parentage, his only heritage being those qualities of character which make up our ideal of a true Scot; viz: habits of self-reliance, honesty and persevering industry. His early school advantages sufficed only to give him the rudiments upon which he subsequently improved, by a necessity of that habit of thoroughness which characterized him in all departments of his active career. While yet a child, his patents emigrated from a country little advanced beyond a frontier settlement, to the wilderness of western Pennsylvania. Here, doing with his might whatever his hands found to do, he enlisted, in his eighteenth year, in the army of Harmar, for a campaign against the Indians north of the Ohio river. Passing through this perilous and disastrous campaign, he again enlisted in 1792, and, at the battle of Captina, behaved with so much bravery that he at once took rank as a leader among frontiersmen. Early in this action, the gallant captain, William Enoch, was killed, and McArthur, then only twenty years of age, and the youngest man in the company, was called upon to take command. He displayed so much coolness and military skill in the disposition of his slender force, and so many of the qualities of the heroic commander in his management of the retreat, when it became inevitable (placing the wounded in advance and defending them against the attacks of the wily foe, which outnumbered his retreating band two to one), that he called forth the most hearty applause of his companions. After his term of enlistment had expired, he was for some time employed at the salt works at Maysville, Kentucky; but that this engagement was brief is shown by the fact that, in 1793, he was associated with General Nathaniel Massie in an attempt to make surveys in the Scioto valley. A surveying expedition, at that time, was also a military expedition against the Indians, for only by thorough equipment for defence, and constant vigilance on the part of those thus engaged, was it possible to explore or survey any portion of the territory now forming 222 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. the State of Ohio. Having already shown those qualities so necessary to cope with the red men, a facility in adopting their modes of warfare, the only one practicable in forest fighting, he was employed during the summer of this year, with several others of like sagacity, coolness and bravery, to patrol the Kentucky side of the Ohio, and give the alarm to the scattered settlers, when the bands of the murderous foe were known to cross the river. In this manner, doubtless, he often averted from some pioneer cabins the tragic scenes which desolated many others. In the autumn he again joined Massie, and, having devoted some time to the study of surveying, he assumed that place in the general's corps due to his indomitable energy, and became assistant surveyor; a place which he held for several years. After the treaty of Greenville, in 1795, the Scioto valley became the scene of their operations, and, in the summer of 1796, Captain McArthur assisted General Massie in laying out the city of Chillicothe. The first colony, principally from Kentucky, had arrived in the spring of this year, and engaged at once in planting corn and building cabins. Just north of the town thus started in the forest, Duncan McArthur purchased and improved a large tract of land which became very valuable, and which is still in the possession of his descendants. His facilities for selecting desirable lands enabled him to make investments which were very profitable, and, with increasing wealth and influence, he was soon recognized as one of the leaders, in the planting of the prospective State, who deserved well at the hands of an increasingly prosperous community. In 1805, he was elected to the legislature; and it is not a matter to excite surprise that his standing in that body was altogether honorable to himself, and satisfactory to his friends. In the military organization of the State lie took a deep interest, and was an acknowledged authority. As a soldier of recognized reputation he was, on the resignation of General Massie, in 1808, elected by the legislature to the rank of major general of the State militia. At the breaking out of the war of 1812, he was commissioned colonel of Ohio volunteers, and accompanied General Hull to Detroit; becoming second in command in this unfortunate expedition. When Hull surrendered (which McDonald asserts would not have happened, had not Colonels McArthur and Cass been absent on an expedition to relieve Captain Brush), McArthur became a prisoner of war, and returned to Ohio, greatly exasperated by what he considered the incompetency of his commanding officer. Such was the alacrity he had displayed in coming forward to the defence of the country, and such the energy with which he had discharged the duties devolving upon him, that no taint of the odium of lhe failure attached to him. This was shown in a most emphatic manner by his election, in the autumn following, to a scat in congress by an overwhelming majority. In March following, he was commissioned by congress a brigadier general in the army; and, having been exchanged as a prisoner of war, he resigned his seat in that body to serve his country in the field. About this time the British forces were preparing to invest Forts Meigs and Stephenson, and the entire northen frontier was in danger. General Harrison, then in command of the forces in the northwest, sent an express requesting General McArthur to bring forward, with all possible dispatch, all the forces he could muster. He was then in Chillicothe negotiating sonrc money matters for the purchase of army supplies; and, not having resigned the office of major general of Ohio militia, ordered the second division of militia to march, en masse; and, going forward to the scene of action, the militia followed in thousands. So heartily, indeed, was the. call responded to, that nearly eight thousand troops, mostly from the Scioto valley, soon covered the Sandusky plains; and, under the command of Governor Meigs, was formed, at Upper Sandusky, the grand camp of the Ohio militia. General McArthur was assigned the command of Fort Meigs. The withdrawal of the enemy's forces from Fort Meigs, the attack on Fort Stephenson and its heroic defence, and Perry's victory on Lake Erie, followed in rapid succession, less than two months intervening between the raising of the siege and the crowning naval victory. The theater of the war was now transferred from the soil of Ohio. General McArthur, with most of the regular troops, was charged with the defence of Detroit and the northwestern frontier, it being the opinion of the inhabitants that more than a thousand warriors still lurked in the woods, between the rivers Rouge and Huron, of Lake St. Clair. In a few months, however, after the battle of the Thames, the enemy had retired from the western end of Lake Erie, and the Indians were suing for peace, so that most of the regular troops, under McArthur, were ordered by the secretary of war to the Niagara frontier. The main force left was kept at Detroit and Malden, while garrisons were maintained in a number of smaller forts. Amid the dull monotony of inspecting these posts, the active mind . of McArthur found more congenial employment in maturing the details of an expedition into the enemy's country, with the view of giving material aid to the operations of the army on the Niagara frontier. Submitting his proposed raid to the inspection of his old commander, Harrison, and securing his hearty approval, he proceeded to carry it into execution. The real object of the expedition which was to destroy valuable mills at the head of Lake Ontario, upon which the enemy depended largely for supplies, was masked under an apparent intention to attack the Indian town of Saguia. The mounted troops engaged in this expedition consisted of six hundred volunteers from Kentucky and Ohio, fifty United States rangers, and seventy Indians, left Detroit on the twenty-second of October, 1814. The following brief extract front General McArthur's official report of the expedition, a paper which does him great credit, is all for which we can find space: " In this excursion, the resources of the enemy have been essentially impaired; and the destruction of the valuable mills in the vicinity of Grand river, employed in the support of the army in the peninsula, together with the consumption of the forage and provisions necessary for the troops, has added to the barrier already interposed by an extensive and swampy frontier, against any attempts which may be made this winter in the direction of Detroit." In concert with the war department, the winter of 1814—'15 was spent in unremitting efforts to prepare a large force to be in readiness to take the field as early in the spring as military movements should be practicable. A portion of the contemplated campaign was an invasion of Canada by General McArthur, with a force of seven thousand men from Ohio and Kentucky. But, happily peace intervened—a peace to which, no doubt, the magnitude of these preparations had contributed. In the fall of 1815, General McArthur, then one of the most popular men in the Scioto valley, was again elected to the legislature. He was also one of the commissioners appointed by the war department in 1816, to negotiate treaties with the Indians, and acted in that capacity for three consecutive years; meeting the Indians in council, first at Springwell, near Detroit, in 1816, at Fort Meigs in 1817, and at St. Mary's in 1818. In 1817 he was not only re-elected to the legislature, but was chosen speaker of that body. In 1819, however, being again a candidate on the issue of the right of the United States bank to establish branches wherever it choose, he was defeated. In 182i he was again elected to the legislature; and in 1822, a second time chosen to a seat in Congress; in which body he was not only a firm supporter of what was then known as the American system, but was noted here, as elsewhere, for his energy, persevering industry, sound judgement, and systematic business habits, which rendered hint a very efficient and useful member. He would sometimes make short, pertinent remarks on the business of the house, but never was ambitious to indulge in flourishes of eloquence, which too often consume the time without enlightening the understandings of the legislators. Mr. McArthur declined a re-election, being determined to devote himself to the management and settlement of his own extensive business. He was then a man of large wealth, and his business in iron furnaces, mills, and real estate was very extensive. In 1830 he was elected governor of Ohio, an honor to which his long- extended, active and faithful service fully entitled him. The two years of his administration passed tranquilly in the ordinary routine of business; and then, weary of public life, he retired to his beautiful farm and home called "Fruit Hill," in the vicinity of Chillicothe, where he died in 1840. The record of such a life, while honoring the memory of one long since passed from the busy scenes of the present, should stimulate alike the youth who has all the aids to honorable achievement at his command, and him who stands as McArthur once stood, single-handed at the starting point of the race, with mountains of difficulties between him and the goal. WILLIAM ALLEN. William Allen, the twenty-fifth governor elected by the people of Ohio, was born at Edenton, Chowan county, North Carolina, in 1807. By the death of his parents within a few months of each other, he was left an orphan in infancy. The care of his childhood devolved upon his only sister, who, having married, removed to Lynchburgh, Virginia, taking her young brother with her. It is to this excellent woman, the mother of Hon. Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio, that Governor Allen was wont to ascribe the honor due to a faithful discharge of a sacred trust, in supplying the place of the parents he had lost, and in HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 223 Edward Tiffin the wise management of the small estate left him, which, through her, sufficed to give him the advantage of the best schools. In 1821, Mrs. Thurman, with her husband and family, removed to Chillicothe, leaving her brother to attend a private school in Lynch- burgh. The excellence of the Chillicothe academy, so widely recognized even at that early period, induced a relinquishment of his intention to complete his studies in Virginia, and two years later he joined his sister in Chillicothe, and continued his studies at the "old academy." If, as has been stated, he adopted the "knapsack and staff" mode of transit, in preference to stage coach over "corduroy" roads, or the not very attractive river boats of that time, it was doubtless because, with all a boyls impatience, added to his love of adventure, which is innate and not entirely the product of "Oliver Optic" literature, this mode suited his mood, which prompted him to start at once, and make the arrangements for the journey en route. It is safe to predict, however, that no future governor of this great commonwealth is likely to distinguish himself by walking from Lynchburgh to Chillicothe. The danger to be apprehended, on a repetition of the feat, would be an entire misapprehension of the aspiration of the candidate for honors ; and that, instead of being seated in the. gubernatorial chair, handbills would be out, and the best hall in. the city for an exhibition of pedestrianism, would be placed at his service. Having completed his preparatory studies, William Allen entered the law office of Edward King, the gifted son of Rufus King, of New York, of Revolutionary fame. Here, while making rapid progress in the acquisition of legal lore, he was assiduously cultivating a naturally effective forensic power, to which, more than to any other endowment, he was indebted to his rapid rise in the popular favor, and his early elevation to places, usually considered the reward of long service and matured experience. In this connection, it may be interesting to Chillicotheans to remember, that one of the lower rooms of the old State house is accredited as the first arena of young Allen's oratorical ability; where, in the. performance of his duties as a member of a debating club, he made his first speech. We are inclined to invest that journey over the mountains- with marvelous virtue. It must have been equivalent to a university course, or we should not be called upon to make so unusual a record, as that of the admission of a youth, not yet twenty year of age to the practice at the bar, where the brightest galaxy of legal talent in the State were wont to congregate. Admitted to practice in 1826, and to a partnership with Edward King, his preceptor, he soon distinguished himself by his peculiar facility in addressing a jury, a power which, though not necessarily associated with that strictly legal habit of thought and logical arrangement of matter, most certain to influence the court, seldom fails to give its possessor great influence in popular assemblies. Possessed of a tall, commanding figure, with a voice of marvelous magnitude and excellence, his appearance in public discussions attracted favorable comment, even when his argument failed to carry conviction. Before he had arrived at what is regarded as the congressional age, he was put in nomination as a candidate for a seat in the National legislature, and though in a Whig district, lie was elected as the Democratic nominee by a majority of one vote. Taking his seat in the Twenty- third congress, he bore a leading part in all important discussions, though in point of years he was the youngest man in it. In January, 1837, at a supper in Columbus, at which were present the candidates for the United States senate, lie electrified his audience, and to the surprise of those who did not hear him, was in that month nomminated and elected to the seat of Hon. Thomas Ewing. Before the close of his first term, he was re-elected, and remained in the senate until the fourth of March, 1849. During these twelve eventful years, he had attained the meridian of his powers. As evidence of the position he held in that body, it is well to state that for much of the time he was chairman of the committee on foreign relations, a position from which he voluntarily retired; and that, while occupying it, his vote and voice ever supported the advanced views of his constituents. In 1845 he married Mrs. Effie McArthur Coons, the beautiful and accomplished daughter of General Duncan McArthur, who, in 1830, was elected governor of Ohio. Mrs. Allen inherited the old homestead and large landed property of Governor McArthur, upon which Governor Allen spent the declining years of his life with his daughter, Mrs. Scott, her husband and children. Soon after the birth of their daughter, now Mrs. Scott, Mrs. Allen died in Washington city, and her husband rode on horseback beside her remains the whole distance to Chillicothe. Governor Allen was a man of sterling integrity and most polished manners, and, during his long career, never stooped to those doubtful expedients which have too often distinguished men in public life. In August, 1873, he was nominated for governor of Ohio, and was the only successful candidate on his ticket. True to his earnest regard for public integrity, which had, through the general demoralization of the war, come to be regarded as something old fashioned, he recommended the reduction of taxation, and the most rigid economy in all matters of State expenditure; and in this he did not mean, to use his own language, vague and merely verbal economy, which public men are so ready to favor, but rather that earnest and inexorable economy which proclaims its existence by accomplished facts. Though the first Democratic governor elected in many years, his administration gave general satisfaction. After a life of unusual activity and unusual success, he closed his earthly career within the circle of those who loved him best, at the beautiful homestead of Fruit Hill, in 1879. GENERAL JOSHUA W. SILL. General Joshua W. Sill was born at Chillicothe, Ohio, December 6, 1831. His father, a lawyer of distinction, was an early settler of that place, and died there some years after the war. His mother died while he was .very young, and he was reared and educated at home under the eye of his father. He had a taste for literature and science, which was :fostered and developed. In 185o he was appointed a cadet at West Point, graduating third in his class, in 1853, and being atonce appointed second lieutenant of ordnance at Watervliet arsenal. Ordered back to the academy as instructor, he remained there until the next year, when he was sent to Oregon to superintend the construction of magazines and fortifications.. During the Indian war in Oregon, he was chief of ordnance to General Harney, and performed his duties with energy and efficiency. Obtaining an exchange, in the fall of 1859, he was again at Watervleit. . Ordered from there to Fort Leavenworth, he remained at that point until the spring of 186o, when he resigned his commission to accept the professorship of mathematics and engineering in the Polytechnic college, at Brooklyn, New York. At the opening of the -war he was offered the colonelcy of several New York regiments, but 'chose to return to his native State, where he entered the adjutant generel's offide, and assisted in organizing and equipping Ohio regiments -Until the summer of 186r, when he took command of the Thirty-third -Ohio infantry, and accompanied McClellan to the Kanawha valley, in West Virginia. From- this time until his death in the field, he was constantly in--active service; under Nelson and Thomas, in eastern Kentucky; 'Mitchell, in Atabama; and Buell and Rosecrans, in Tennesseeand Kentucky. In every sphere of military duty lre proved himself •a skilful soldier and an honorable gentleman. Although but a colonel in rank, at the outset he commanded a brigade, and he was made a brigadier general in the winter of 186t. This promotion was for " gallant and meritorious conduct in the field." On the organization of Buell's army at Bardstown, he was placed in command of a division McCook's corps, which he held until death relieved him. He fell at the battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862, while leading a brilliant charge upon the enemy, under an order from General Sheridan. In appearance General Sill was of light build, with a mild and pleasing address. He was a man of scholarship and refinement, and of great simplicity and kindness of manner. Such was the charm and magnetism of his pure and spotless life, that he was loved by all who knew him, and especially was he idolized by his soldiers. The State of Ohio has been honored by men more known to fame, but she never sent forth a braver !flan to battle for his country. But his memory and his fame rest not alone in the hearts of those whose privilege it was to know and to love him, nor with the great State, to whose galaxy of heroes his name has added a new luster; but, in a peculiar sense, does all that is pure and lofty in the character of those she delights to call her sons, belong to the city of their birth. Chillicothe claims as a sacred heritage the name and fame of Joshua W. Sill; cut off, as he was, in his early manhood, that he might with the greater power teach the lesson which the young men of our times need so much to learn. [The above was taken mainly from an article in the " Biographical Encyclopedia of Ohio, of the Nineteenth Century."] GOVERNOR EDWARD TIFFIN. The story of Edward Tiffin claims priority in the annals of the gubernatorial chair in this State, and is otherwise in the front rank of Ohio's history. He was her first governor, and in all respects, in his day, one of her first citizens. He was one of the men who make great 224 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. E. P. Kendrick beginnings, who lay the foundations of states and empires, who led the march of civilization. To this day the now mighty Buckeye State feels the impress of his guiding and governing hand. It owes his memory a debt which can never be fully repaid. Edward Tiffin was a native of Carlisle, England, where he was born June 19, 1766. He received a liberal education by the benificence of an uncle, from whom he was named, and had partly. completed a medical course of study when his parents emigrated to America and settled in Charlestown, Berkeley county, Virginia, in t784. He completed his course at the University of Pennsylvania, and began practice at his home at the age of twenty. He was of happy temperament, buoyant spirit, and high professional and general culture. These, with his winning manners and superior conversation, soon made him a social favorite, and co-operated to give him rapid success as a practitioner. He was married in 1789, to Mary, daughter of Robert Worthington, of Charlestown, and sister of Thomas Worthington, also afterwards a governor of and United States senator from Ohio. She proved a worthy mate of the gifted young physician, and walked with him the paths of life for nearly a score of years. This union was childless. He was again married in 1809, this time to Miss Mary Porter, a native of Delaware, who had removed with her family to Ross county, and was, like his first wife, a woman of exceptional beauty and excellence of character. The children of this marriage were : Mary Porter, afterwards Mrs. Joseph A. Reynolds, of Urbana, O., and now deceased ; Diathea Madison, who resides with her sister, Mrs. Cook ; Eleanor Worthington, now Mrs. M. Scott Cook, of Chilicothe ; Rebecca Turner, wife of Dr. C. G. Comegys, of Cincinnati, formerly professor in the Ohio Medical college, in that city ; and Edward Parker, who was also educated as a physician, but was killed by a railway accident while returning from Europe in 1853. In 1798, Dr. Tiffin, with his wife, joined a company of emigrants from Virginia to the Scioto valley. In this party were three Ohio governors to be: himself, his brother-in-law, Mr. T. Worthington, and Mr. R. Lucas, afterwards General and Governor Lucas. They took with them their former slaves, now generously manumitted, and even more generously' taken with them, instead of being turned out to the cold charities of the world. The two first named, with most of their companions, settled in Chillicothe, Dr. Tiffin taking a five-acre lot in the northwest part of the infant town and building thereupon the first stone dwelling, it is believed, erected in the Northwest Territory. He recommenced practice, enduring the hardships incident to medical business in pioneer times and afterwards, with his brother Joseph, engaged in merchandizing, in a store then standing upon Bridge street, near the river. He also, some time after, bought and improved a farm upon Deer creek, but remained there only a year. From all other private employments he returned to his first love, the chosen profession in which he was as successful here as in the older country in Virginia, standing in both among the first practitioners of the time. Dr. Tiffin's chief name and fame, however, were to be won in a public career. • He brought with him to the wild west a cordial letter of recommendation to Governor St. Clair from General Washington, in which ;tre noted the fairness of his character in private and public life, together with a knowledge of law, resulting from close application for a considerable time," and "a knowledge of the gentleman's merits founded upon a long acquaintance." In accordance with this high testimonial, Dr. Tiffin was appointed prothonotary of Ross county during the first year of his residence therein, and appeals as such upon the records of the first territorial court of common pleas held in Chillicothe in December, 1798. He remained in this position until the January term, 1803, when he was succeeded by time late Thomas Scott. Meanwhile lie had been called to serve as a representative in the territorial legislature, which met in Cincinnati, September 18, 1799, when he was elected speaker of the house, retaining the post by successive elections until the organization of the constitutional convention at Chillicothe in November, 18o2, When he was chosen president of the convention. He served in this position with conspicuous ability, and so approved himself to his fellow members that at the close of the session he tins recommended to the people of the new State as a candidate for governor. No opposition to his election was developed at this or the subsequent gubernatorial poll, and he was twice chosen unanimously, receiving four thousand, five hundred and sixty-five votes in January, 1803, and four thousand, seven hundred and eighty-three in October, 1805. A third term was offered him, but was declined. The administration of Governor Tiffin had some marked characteristics and events. It was a transition period, and an important one. It called for no ordinary qualifications in the man who grasped the helm of State, but he proved equal to the occasion. A sketch of his career, prepared by his son-in-law, Dr. Comegys, includes the following notice: " His state papers are brief, but clear in their suggestions for the enactment of all those measures that would open roads, develop agricultural and mineral resources, advance education, protect the frontiers, and favor immigration. The highest proof of his qualifications and administrative power is seen in his repeated, unanimous election. The most notable feature ,of his gubernatorial career was the arrest of the Burr-Blennerhasset expedition. In the latter part of 1806, Burr collected numerous boats and quantities of stores in the neighborhood of Blennerhasset's Island, below Marietta. Governor Tiffin, learning that the expedition was ready to sail, dispatched a courier to the commandant at Marietta and directed him to occupy a position below the island, where, with a field battery, they could command the channel. Burr, seeing that his plans were discovered and the impossibility of running the blockade, abandoned the expedition and fled. The press of the eastern States lauded Governor Tiffin for his prompt and successful destruction of the nefarious scheme, and President Jefferson, in his letter to the Ohio legislature, February a, 1807 [also in his message to congress, twenty days thereafter], commends the governor for his promptness and enemy in destroying the expedition." Governor Tiffin left the executive chair, finally, in 1807, to take the seat in the United States senate, to which he had been elected by the last preceding legislature. He served only during the tenth congress, resigning at the close of the session, in 1809, from the overwhelming grief at the loss of his first wife, who died the previous year. He made his mark in the senate, however, serving on leading committees, by a special vote being added to the committee on fortifications and public defences—at that time an important one, in view of the preparations for war with Great Britain—and procuring the passage of several measures which greatly aided in the development of his new State. Returning home, Dr. Tiffin now devoted himself for a time to agriculture, but was called from the plow at the next fall election to represent his fellow-citizens in the State legislature, where he was again chosen speaker of the house, and by a unanimous vote. He was successively re-elected representative and speaker, until shortly after Madison's accession to the presidency in 1813, when he was tendered, wholly without solicitation or expectation on his part, the office of commissioner of the general land office, then just created by congress. He accepted the post, and organized and administered the affairs of the new bureau with great ability. His office is noted, in history, as the only one of the departments or bureaus of the government, all whose records and papers were saved when Washington was captured and destroyed by the British in a14--a fact which well exhibits the energy and promptitude of Governor Tiffin's action. After about three years' service, President Madison gratified Mr. Tiffin's desire by effecting an exchange of official positions between him and Mr. Josiah Meigs, surveyor general of the west. The office of the surveyor general was accordingly removed to Chillicothe, and Governor Tiffin entered upon its duties. His supervision and administration of the office, involving the handling of a large and complicated business and of many thousand dollars per year, was so satisfactory that he was continued in its charge by Presidents Monroe and Adams (John Quincy), until the accession of President Jackson, his entire term thus lasting fifteen years, and until within a few weeks of his death. This occurred at his pioneer home in Chillicothe, after an illness of nearly ten years, on Sabbath evening, August 9, 1829. He was aged sixty-three years, one month and twenty days. Governor Tiffin came to this country a member of the Church of England, in which he had been reared, and remained in its communion for some years after his arrival. In 179o, however, upon the formation of a Methodist church at Charleston, himself and wife united with it ; and, his gifts of speech and excellence of character presently attracting the notice of Bishop Asbury, he was consecrated by that great founder of American Methodism, as a lay or local preacher. In this capacity he never thereafter fully ceased to serve during his long private and public career. I lis fervent and able preaching is still a tradition in many of the settlements along the Scioto valley, and he often served the infant church in Chillicothe to acceptance. IIis religious sympathies were not altogether diverted front the old association ; and he also read the service and a selected sermon, at times, to the Episcopal society in the town, when it was without a rector. He was not a speculator, or specially eminent as a financier ; but managed his business affairs prudently, and flied possessed of a handsome property. A Plain marble monument, in the cemetery on the hill at Chillicothe, does honor to his memory. E. P. KENDRICK. Few more interesting subjects for biography are presented in the Scioto valley than he whose long and eventful life is outlined in this HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 225 Jame McClintick sketch. Now about to complete his ninth decade, he is one among the very oldest of the many aged residents of the valley, and yet survives in surprising vigor of mind and body, with full promise of rounding out at least his century. Though not among the original settlers of Chillicothe, he has resided here for a period almost compassing the ordinary limit of human life, as defined by the Psalmist, and has borne his full and honorable part in the development of the great northwest. Eleazer Porter Kendrick is a native of Hanover, New Hampshire, the seat of Dartmouth college, which was founded as a mission-school for Indians in the wilderness, about the time his paternal grandfather 'removed thither from Coventry, Connecticut. Here the ancestral Kendrick put up a cabin and prepared to make a home, when he was killed by the fall of a tree. He was the descendant of a distinguished English family, traditionally reputed to have included Richard Coeur de Lion and a Lord Mayor of London. It became a large family on both sides of the Atlantic. The coat of arms, bearing a lion rampant and the motto, "Dunn spire, spero," is still used by many of its branches, in the new as well as the old world. Dr. A. C. Kendrick, the eminent Greek scholar of Rochester university, is in it; and Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick, founder and long president of Hamilton college, New York, was a brother of the subject of this notice. Their parents were Samuel and Emma (Smith) Kendrick. The maternal grandfather was also among the first settlers of Hanover, emigrating from Hartford, Connecticut, to that region. He was a man of liberal education, for many years a school teacher, and derived much local repute from having served in a British expedition to quell an insurrection in the island of Cuba. Eleazer was the youngest of six brothers, born September 16, 1790. He was brought up on a farm, working hard the year round, but with the opportunity to attend school during winters and the advantage of generally good teachers. For a time he attended the Moore school at Hanover, at that period still an Indian school to some extent, and an excellent preparatory department to Dartmouth college. He likewise for some months enjoyed a residence with, and the private tuition in English grammar of, the Rev. Dr. Eden Burroughs, Congregational minister at ; Hanover, and father of the celebrated anti-slavery agitator, Stephen H. Burroughs. Dr. Burroughs thoroughly prepared many students for college. About the age of eighteen, young Kendrick, bearing a testimonial from his preceptor, which was then considered as valuable a certificate as a licence now granted by official authority, began himself to teach school. For some three winters he successfully conducted country schools, resuming his labors on the farm the rest of the year until, through the agency of his brother Samuel, a lawyer in Troy, he was, called to take charge of a large fee school in that city with several assistants. He remained in this place but a single year, and in 1819 emigrated to Ohio. This happened in consequence of a venture of his brother Thomas, then a resident of Thetford, Vermont, in the boot and shoe trade, at the persuasion of an old schoolmate, a graduate of Dartmouth, Allen Latham, surveyor general of the Virginia Military district, who had become a lawyer in Chillicothe, thought it offered an eligible opening for that line of business. A stock was accordingly purchased at Lynn, then as now, the centre of this trade, and young Kendrick was put in charge of it. The goods were shipped by sea to Philadelphia, wagoned to Pittsburgh, taken in flatboats to Portsmouth, and finally in wagons to their destination. A small store was opened in Chillicothe, but the poor quality of I.ynn work furnished was against its success. The business was closed up in 1821. Mr. Kendrick then began, with Latham, the purchase of lands in the Virginia Military district, going at one time a long journey on horseback to a remote part of Virginia to negotiate for a tract of one thousand acres in Fayette county. Having learned surveying he began to practice it in different parts of the district, acting as a deputy under Latham, who was its authorized surveyor. In this work he was sometimes associated with General McArthur, afterwards governor of the State. After two or three years service he was appointed by ex-Governor Tiffin, then surveyor general of the west, to survey a district in Indiana, but accepted, instead, a clerkship in the general office, located in Chillicothe. The duties of this position he discharged for six or seven years, until it was desired by his chief for a son-in-law, when he was detailed to run the boundary line between Indiana and Michigan. Proceeding on horseback to Fort Wayne, and thence through the wilderness of northern Indiana to his new field, six weeks sufficed for the completion of his work. This was in the fall of 1827. Returning to Chillicothe, he spent some years again with his friend Latham, in surveys of the Military district and in land transactions. In 1828 he was elected county surveyor upon the Demo cratic ticket, and the year following, upon the accession of President Jackson, he was appointed postmaster at Chillicothe, being brought forward as "a dark horse" by his friends, because of the multitude of other aspirants, and the fierceness of their strife. He administered the affairs of this office during the two administrations of President Jackson, and that of Van Buren, and until superseded by General Harrison's appointee. Some years afterwards he was appointed surveyor of the Virginia Military district, the place formerly held by Mr. Latham, and holds the office to this day, although its duties have, of late years, become almost nominal. His first commission bears date June 14, 1847, and is signed by James K. Polk, president, and James Buchanan, secretary of State. He also, by federal appointment, took the census of 1830 for the eastern part of Ross county. While serving as postmaster he was attracted by the intelligence and brightness of Allen G. Thurman, then a youth residing with his parents in Chillicothe, and made him a clerk in the office, and afterwards deputy surveyor. Judge Thurman has often, in later years, acknowledged his indebtedness to Mr. K.'s instructions in surveying, given in the back yard of the old post-office, for much of his success in understanding and trying land cases. Daniel Gregg, esq., now a wealthy and prominent citizen of Chillicothe, was also for a time a clerk in his office. In 1862 Mr. Kendrick was elected county auditor, and served one term, when he was succeeded by his son Samuel. He has been a lifelong Democrat, steady and sound in the faith, and all-his elections and public appointments have been under Democratic auspices. He has been for many years a communicant in the Protestant Episcopal church, and long senior warden of the church of that denomination in Chillicothe. He has served also as president of the Ohio Insurance company and director of the Ross county (now National) bank. He is one of the principal owners of the Milford and Chillicothe turnpike, and has been interested in several of the turnpike companies, in which he served as director. He is a Free and Accepted Mason, advanced to the degree of Knight Templar, but long demitted. For many years he has enjoyed the comparative replacement he so richly earned by a long period of .useful activity, and is peacefully spending the evening of his . days at the elegant country residence neat Chillicothe, on the Milford and Chillicothe turnpike, to which he removed upon the destruction of a new and costly dwelling in town, which was swept away in the great fire of April t, 1852. He here enjoys the consciousness of a life well spent, and the confidence of his fellow-citizens, which was so often attested by the.4usts comraitked to him during his public career. Mr. Kendrick was married in Chillicothe, March 20, 1821, to Miss Mary Cissna Beard, of that place. She died September 4, 1870. Their children were: Andrew Deemer, born December 31, 1821, died May 19, 1857; Anna, now wife of Major J. D. Moxley, of New York city; Jane Louise, now widow of the Hon. Matthew Gaston, of Cambridge, Ohio, and residing in Chillicothe; Samuel, a civil engineer and surveyor in the same place, Mary Ann, widow of John Van Norman Patton, of New York city, residing with her father; Maria Latham, wife of I. S. Christie, head of the firm of Christie & De Graff, engine builders in Detroit, Michigan; and Frank Latham, a physician in Bainbridge, Ross county. JUDGE JAMES McCLINTICK, SR. The memories of this gentleman are among the most interesting of the many which lend charm to the conversation of the old residents of Chillicothe. For nearly the space of two generations he walked and talked, lived and labored among them, and, at last, in the fulness of old age, passed peacefully away, leaving a name and fame which his fellow-townsmen will not willingly let die. His upright and useful character and record will long be an inspiration, wherever known, to better living and more hopeful dying. James ,MeClintick was born at Shippensburgh, Pennsylvania, on the twenty-fifth of October, 1785, the youngest son of and Mary (Davidson) McClintick. His father was of the superior Scotch-Irish stock, pious and pure in their blood even to Puritanism, and so strong in the courige of their convictions as to prefer self-exile to religious apostasy. From one of the families coming in this spirit to the new world, during the early years of the eighteenth century, James was descended. On his mother's side, he was related to the very eminent Dr. Hugh Williamson, one of the most distinguished literary and patriotic characters of the revolutionary and constitutional periods of our history, a member-of the Continental congress to which Washington surrendered his commission as commander-in-chief of the armies, and afterwards delegate to the convention which formed the Federal constitution. His mother was a sister of Dr. Williamson. His father died at Shippensburgh while he was yet a child, and the family re- 29 226 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO moved to Newtown-Stephensburgh, Virginia, to reside with Dr. William McDowell, who had married one of the daughters. During these early years, James received only such ffinited education as the facilities of the time and his local surroundings allowed. His reliance through life was more upon natural talents than upon formal or technical education for the success he achieved. It is worthy of note, however, that, although his own acquirements in the schools were limited, he did not underrate education, and was even solicitous to see that his children should enjoy the best advantages in this regard that he could afford them. In the year 1805, James removed with the family, including Dr. McDowell and wife, to the then hamlet of Chillicothe. He was now twenty years old, the mainstay and reliance for support of his mother, his brothers and sisters; and he proved equal to his trust. After some service in humbler capacities, he opened, in company with his brother-in-law, Dr. McDowell, a dry goods and general country store, occupying a Stand on the north side of Water street and east of Paint, where, and on the west side of Paint street,. the business quarter of Chillicothe then was. This was abandoned some years afterwards, for a new building erected by young McClintick, on the west side of Paint street. The firm was successful in business from the beginning, and James was soon able to purchase a farm for occupation and tillage by the family, a short distance southeast of Chillicothe, upon which his last remaining parent died, October to, 1815, in her seventy-second year. Business success co-operated with the impulses of affection, to suggest marriage to the thrifty young merchant. On the fourteenth of March, 1811, at the house of General Samuel Finley, in Chillicothe, where the young lady was residing while a pupil in one of the local academies, he was united to Miss Charity Trimble, of a noted Kentucky family. She was sister to Major David Trimble, an aide-de-camp on the staff of General Harrison during the war of 1812–14, afterwards a member of Congress, and otherwise a distinguished citizen ; also of John and William Trimble, eminent citizens of eastern Kentucky ; and of General Isaac R. Trimble, of Maryland, a Confederate leader of some renown during the late war of the Rebellion. The officiating minister was the Rev. Dr. Samuel Wilson, then pastor of the First Presbyterian church in Chillicothe, and afterwards president of the Ohio university. Mrs. McClintick resided with her husband in happy union during the more than golden term of fifty-one years, and survived him for nearly seven years longer, dying at the old home in Chillicothe, March 2, 1869, at the venerable age of seventy-seven years. Five children were born to them, namely : James, now and for many years a Chillicothe merchant ; William T., a lawyer residing in Chillicothe and mainly doing business in Cincinnati, the subject of another sketch in this volume; Martha Finley, wife of James II. Holcomb, of Urbana, Ohio ; Eliza Jane, wife of John H. Bennett, of Chillicothe ; and Anna Maria, wife of John E. Mackey, of the same place. Judge McClintick remained in active business for about thirty-eight years, retiring at last with a comfortable competency. Under the law of the State then prescribing such practice, he, though not a trained lawyer, was appointed, in 1824, an associate judge of the court of common pleas for Ross county, and by successive appointments was retained in office for the long term of twenty-five years, leaving the bench finally in 18.45. His administration of this office was characterized by great good sense and judicial fairness. High respect was paid to his opinions and judgments, and he was often called to act as presiding judge of the court, which position he filled with special address and dignity. After his retirement from mercantile business, he devoted his time mainly to reading, to the management of his estate, and the care of the church society with which he was connected. For more than half a century he was an active, efficient member of the Methodist Episcopal church in Chillicothe, most of the time filling at once the important stations of class-leader, steward and trustee. As a class-leader he is described as peculiarly faithful and energetic, rising often in his addresses to great power and even eloquence, notwithstanding his ordinary reticent and taciturn habit of speech. He was sometimes urgently requested to accept a license as exhorter, and thus occupy a wider field for his gifts, but invariably declined. The management of the financial affairs of the church to which he belonged fell always exclusively into his hands, and was characterized by his usual business ability and integrity. He personally "lifted the collection" at the Sabbath services and looked to all necessary contracts and disbursements. The following interesting reminiscences of his character as a religious, man and a merchant, are contributed to this sketch by one of his sons: "You ask me for the recollections of my father? My earlier remembrance of him is of a man diligent in business, fervent in spirit, and serving the Lord. In those days merchants made their trips to the seaboard, to purchase their supplies, on horseback, and the figure of my father on the back of ' Old Rock,' his favorite horse, with his well- filled saddle-bags thrown across, and his overcoat strapped behind the saddle, as he started upon or returned from these long and frequent journeys, is fresh upon my mind. Then, a few weeks after his return, would come the large, covered Pennsylvania wagons, drawn by three pairs of 'Conestoga' horses, with a curved standard of bells over the shoulders of each horse, except the saddle-horse, upon which the driver rode, with the long line to guide the leader in one hand, and a black leather whip in the other. The unloading, opening, and marking of the new goods, and the brisk sales which followed, seemed to my childish fancy the happiest time of all the glad new year. At these and at all times throughout the year, he gave the same unflagging attention to business, but with a cheerful, fervent spirit, and an entire subordination to his religious duties, both in the family and in the church. " One of his marked characteristics as a business man was truthfulness of representation and fairness of dealing, taking advantage of no one's weakness, ignorance or necessities. I have heard an anecdote related of him which illustrates this trait, as well as the reputation he had in that respect. There resided in Highland county an infirm and crippled man, with his wife and daughter. The father, on account of his condition, was able rarely to leave his home or to transact any business. He was a good and pious man, but ignorant of the world's ways, and simple as a child. The daughter usually made all bargains, the chief reliance for the support of the family being the exchange of the products of the household loom for such 'store goods as might be needed. When the time came for the exchange, the daughter was ill, and no one could make the annual visit to Chillicothe but the infirm and crippled father. After much persuasion he was induced to undertake the journey; the old horse was brought out, and the old man helped upon the saddle, to which the roll of 'linsey,' constituting the wealth of the family had been fastened; and so this trading expedition was commenced. His ignorance and inexperience troubled him greatly; his trepidation increased with every step of the journey, until at last the burden of his soul burst forth in prayer: '0, Lord, show me a man that will deal with a man as with a child;' which he continued to repeat with more and more earnestness as he approached his destination. As he entered the town he addressed the first person he met: '0, sir, can you show me a man that will deal with a man as with a child?' 'Yes,' said the man, 'go to James McClintick.' With patient inquiry he found his way to the store door, and was met at the edge of the sidewalk by the object of his inquiry. 'Are you James McClintick?' said he, 'and will you deal with a man as with a child?' Oh, yes,' was the reply; and with tender care the old man was helped to dismount and brought into the store, the roll of 'linsey' opened upon the counter, good measure allowed, and an ample supply of dry goods and groceries given in exchange—so much, indeed, beyond his expectations, that he broke forth in thanks to God that he had ' found a man who would deal with a man as with a child.' "Another characteristic was the purity and delicacy of his mind. During his long life I never heard him utter a profane or obscene word. The smutty story was an abomination to him, and his very presence was an admonition and reproof to those who were accustomed to take the name of God in vain. "Not less prominent was his habitual charity for people overtaken in a fault. His constant effort, accompanied by daily prayer to God for help was to put the best construction upon the actions of his fellow men; to hide from his own eyes, as well as from those of others, the multitude of sins lax which the gossip and slanderer delight, and to encourage the erring to return to ways of righteousness. "In my childhood I thought him sometimes austere and reticent; when I grew to manhood I found him full of sympathy, tenderness and gentleness. I have never heard him spoken of except in praise." Judge McClintick was for many years a director of the old bank of Chillicothe, one of the pioneer institutions of this kind in the State, and frequently served as president pro tempore. He was in politics a Whig of the Henry Clay school, but attempted no influence in caucusses, conventions, or canvasses, and was not in the least an office-seeker or trading politician. He was not lacking in public spirit, and in the earlier period of his residence in Chillicothe, served long and actively as a member of the volunteer fire department of that place ; but was never forward in pushing himself to the front of any enterprise or organization. Indeed, outside the class-room or family he was singularly quiet and unobtrusive, seeking no conspicuity or commanding influence of any kind. He was, however, easily approach- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 227 W. T. McClintick able, and thoroughly genial and cordial in his manners. When once engaged in conversation, he manifested clear command of his thoughts, and, notwithstanding early defects of education, an excellent acquaintance with the English language. In his class-room and prayer-meeting talks, he was not forever repeating him self, but furnished forth fresh and original material for meditation in almost every exercise. In prayer he was specially gifted, and always responded with promptness and ease to the calls made upon him to offer it. His family was brought up carefully in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and he seemed to recognize no higher duties on earth than those of husband and father. His business record was unimpeachable, his morals were of the truest and purest ; his ambitions of the quietest, yet of the noblest and best. On the 11th day of May, 1862, from inflammation of the brain, at his pleasant home in Chillicothe, at the ripe age of seventy-six years, six months and sixteen days, this good man changed time for eternity. Peace to his honored ashes ! Long life to his noble memory I HON. WILLIAM T. McCLINTICK. William T. McClintick, a gentleman well known in legal and railway circles, and one of the foremost citizens of Chillicothe, is a native of that place, born February 20, 181o, the second son of James and Charity' (Trimble) McClintick, both of whom receive due notice in the foregoing sketch. His education was received in the Chillicothe academy, the Ohio university, and Augusta college, Kentucky, of the second of which Dr. Wilson, the officiating minister at the marriage of his parents, was then president. He was graduated from the Augusta institution at the commencement of 1837. His father having a marked preference for the mathematical studies, young McClintick gave especial attention to them, and became so proficient in them as to receive encouragement from the professor of mathematics at the college, that he might become his successor. He declined the suggested honor, however, and in November of the same year entered upon the study of the law, in the office of Messrs. Creighton & Bond, old practitioners in Chillicothe. He was admitted to the honors and emoluments of the bar at a term of the State supreme court held in Portsmouth in 1840, after a searching examination, conducted by a committee, two of whose members were Hons. William Peck and John Welsh, afterward chief justices of the same court, under the constitution of 1851. The confidence reposed by members of the bar at his home in him and another from Chillicothe who was admitted at the same time, is evinced by the fact that, immediately upon their return, they were assigned, one each, to the opposing sides in a case then on trial, upon which were engaged as counsel respectively, Judge (now Senator) Thurman and General William S. Murphy, both of them among the leaders of the local bar. Mr. McClintick has since, during the long period of forty years, been in the active and full practice of his profession. In May, 1843, although still a very young practitioner, he was admitted to membership, upon the basis of an equal share of the profits, in the firm of Creighton & Green, the former being one of his old preceptors. The law business in southern Ohio was then led by this firm and that of Allen & Thurman, the latter being constituted by the late governor, William Allen, and the present senator, Thurman. By the close of 1844, however, he decided upon an independent business, and opened an office for practice in his own name alone. Five years thereafter he was elected prosecuting attorney of Ross county, upon the Whig ticket, by a majority of nine hundred and forty-two, which was nearly fifty-four per cent. of the total vote which his opponent received. In May, 1852, he admitted to partnership with him Amos Smith, esq., then of Lancaster, but since of Chillicothe, under the firm name of McClintick & Smith, which has been maintained prosperously and honorably to this day. Besides the pecuniary rewards attaching to success, Mr. McClintick has won many professional honors. He has been general counsel for the Marietta and Cincinnati railway for about twenty years, or since the reorganization of the company, in 1860. For some years he was also associate counsel for the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, and has been president of the Cincinnati and Baltimore Railway company since its organization in 1870, and president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railway company since October, 1879, He has been professionally associated with a large number of important suits involving principles of railway and commercial law. Upon the death of Judge Emmons, of the sixth United States judicial circuit, he was recommended by very many of his brethren of the Ohio bar and other influential gentlemen for the succession to the seat then made vacant. He was present at the formation of the American Bar association, at Saratoga, August, 1878, and was there chosen to represent Ohio in the general council of that guild. Many minor honors have fallen to his lot which need not here be recapitulated. An ardent, yet independent, Republican since the Whig party became extinct, he has, nevertheless, been in no way conspicuous as an office seeker, much less a trading politician. He was, of course, a thorough-going Union man upon the outbreak of the Rebellion, and became an ardent supporter of the war. As chairman of the Ross county military committee he rendered eminently efficient service to the cause of the Union, and participated in the pursuit of the rebel, John Morgan, on the occasion of his raid through southern Ohio, in July, 1863. Notwithstanding his long engrossment in legal, and of later years in railway, affairs, Mr. McClintick is, nevertheless, a many-sided man. His fine classical education has been supplemented by much reading and general study, and his mind has been broadened and enriched by communion with the great thinkers of all time. He has cultivated poetry to some extent, and has been often called upon to address literary societies, sometimes to speak at the laying of corner-stones of public edifices, and other important occasions, the most notable of which was the placing of the corner-stone of the present court house and county buildings in Chillicothe, which occurred in 1852. This was made a grand occasion. The old State house, in which the first constitution of Ohio was framed, had been removed, and the new building was to take the place of one about which clustered many pleasant memories and associations. It was an era in the history of Ross county, and induced many serious, yet pleasant reflections. Mr. McClintick, as the orator of the day, was equal to the occasion, and pronounced an address of great interest and merit.* His chosen life-work, however, has been in legal practice, which he considers the noblest of professions, and declares that if he had his life to live over again he would choose to walk in the old path. In forming his conclusions he is apt to be considered slow, from his habit of holding his opinion in abeyance until he feels pretty sure that he has in hand all the facts that he can obtain, that help to a conclusion. In addressing juries he was formerly accustomed to go into extreme and perhaps unnecessary detail in the discussion of a case; but this has been measurably modified and corrected in the light of experience. His examination of legal questions is invariably exhaustive, and takes into account all the considerations that bear upon either side of a case under investigation. On the moral side Mr. McClintick inherits the characteristics of his lamented father. As the latter was before him, the son is--an active, useful and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, ever faithful and punctual in the performance of his religious duties, and has a high character for integrity and fair dealing with his fellow men. On the first of October, 1845, Mr. McClintick was joined in matrimony to Miss Elizabeth M. Atwood, of Harrodsburgh, Kentucky. She is still living. They have had six children-Mary Petrea and Anna Porter residing at home; Elizabeth, wife of Charles L. Pruyn, esquire, of Albany, New York, and three who have gone to their long home. The family inhabit an elegant mansion in Chillicothe, on Fifth street, between Paint and Walnut streets; but Mr. McClintick's office for the transaction of his principal business is necessarily in Cincinnati. HON. JAMES EMMITT One of the most remarkable men whose residence or large property interests in Ross county entitle them to notice in this volume, is the Hon. James Emmitt, the famous Waverly banker, manufacturer, real estate owner, and capitalist. He is a distinguished example of successful use of the opportunities which the free life of our republic offers to business energy, integrity, and common sense—a prominent illustration of that class of our fellow citizens known eminently as self-made men. * Mr. McClintick had a singular personal experience connected with the old State house. At that time, his office was over the building in which the clerk's office was kept, and was reached by an outside flight of steps from the court house yard. He was passing through the yard to his office, when the auctioneer was offering the State house for sale by public outcry, for the petty suns of seventy-five dollars. He increased the bid to seventy-six dollars, and went on to his office, little thinking that the structure would be allowed to sell at such an insignificant sum. To his surprise, however, the auctioneer afterwards came in and informed him that he was the purchaser. He paid the price, and found himself with an "elephant" on his hands. He was about to dispose of it, by putting its material into buildings on vacant lots, when the great fire of April 1, 1852, came along, and the necessity for speedily rebuilding the "burnt district," created a demand for all the stone, bricks and lumber of which the building was composed, so that he could scarcely save for himself and friends enough of the lumber from the judge's bench, or other official places, for mementos of the pioneer period of the State. But he got a good return for his money. 228 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. James Emmitt From the very humblest beginnings he has made his way to fame and fortune, and still at the advanced age of seventy-three, remains in personal charge of the details of an immense business, the cares of which would break down almost any other man in the prime of his days. His career is one of the most interesting, in its lights and shades, its reverses and successes, that the business annals of the Buckeye State have to offer. James Emmitt had his nativity on the Licking creek, in Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, November 6, 1806. He is of Irish descent on the father's side, his people having emigrated to this country about a quarter of a century before his birth, and settled in the Kishacoquillas valley, in the State named, from which they removed sometime after the Revolutionary war. He was the first.child of George and Mary Addie (Stanford) Emmitt. His mother was of the well-known Pennsylvania German stock. In the spring of 1816,his parents, with their four children, including James, set their faces westward. At Steubenville their party found themselves unable to proceed further for want of means, and remained there all summer, while the men accepted such jobs as offered, to secure means with which to get on their journey. During this stay young Emmitt, then in his tenth year, marked himself for life by a severe cut in his little finger, received while trying to use a sickle after the manner of the grown men whom he saw handling it safely and skilfully. At last, the party of five families, all relatives, was enabled to move on; and, by the slow floatage of flat-boats down the Ohio, and the slower transit of heavy wagons up the Scioto, they finally reached, in the early fall, the spot where their first home in the west was to be made. His father settled here on an eighty-acre tract, crowding his family at first into a but at a sugar-camp, until a log habitation could be built. In May of the next year the faithful mother died, principally from the fatigues induced by incessant care of a younger son, who had been stricken down. In the summer of 1819, though not yet thirteen years old, he hired out with another farmer in the Scioto valley, at six dollars per month and board, all his cash wages going to the aid of his father in his struggle with the hardships of pioneer life.. He had at this time had a total of only three months' schooling, but after a while partially made up his deficiencies by going to school in the winter. The first winter of his life away from home, however;. found him a laborer for his board and clothes at a country tavern -north of Waverly. The following spring he started in to learn the blacksmith's trade with one Jacob Neighborgahl, who had a shop on the Portsmouth road, six miles south of Chillicothe. He remained here btit fine months, yet learned enough to find his knowledge of iron and the repair of wagons, etc., of much service during the rest of his life. Thereafter he engaged with one farmer and another until 1824, when he wah -employed as a wood-chopper at four dollars a month by Alex. ArmstrOng, then residing on Paint creek, near Chillicothe. The next summer he made an engagement as wagoner with Hugh Cook, who was running a six-horse conveyance for heavy transportation from Portsmouth to Chillicothe, and remained in his service until August, 1828. A hard service it was, too, involving many toils and dangers; and at one time he met with a severe accident, which gave loin another permanent scar. But the time had now come for the enterprising young Emmitt, although not twenty-two years of age, to embark in independent business. He left Mr. Cook's employment with a net saving of ten dollars, which sufficed, in the small business of that day, to enable him to take a partnership with Mr. Henry Jefferds, in the establishment of a humble dry goods store at Waverly. They opened in August, and were burned out the January following, but rebuilt and restocked at once, with the aid of sympathizing neighbors. They had a prosperous trade, and the thoughts of one of the partners presently turned to marriage. Mr. Emmitt was united, June 13, 1829, at Piketon, to Miss Louise Martin, only daughter of Joseph J. and Mary (Rogers) Martin, and a native of that place, who has been the partner of his joys and sorrows for now fifty- one years. They have had children as follows : Mary Adda, born May 26, 1830, died on Christmas of the same year ; Joseph John, born December 1, 1831 ; Elizabeth Ann, born May 10, 1833, died May 26, 1837 ; George Angus, born August 31, 1834 ; William Wyly, born November 23, 1836, died March 25, 1837 ; James Madison, born April 5,1838, died August 5, 1875 ; Floyd Robert, born August 6, 1841 ; David Martin, November. 10, 1843 ; and Henry Clay, July 27,1846, died January 2, 1872. All the children were born at the home of their parents in Waverly. The young couple began housekeeping at once in a small, urffinished dwelling, which, when presently completed by Mr. Emmitt, had the first brick chimney built in Waverly. Mr. Emmitt's long business career had now fairly begun. In 1831 he was appointed as the first postmaster at Waverly. During the autumn of the next year be bought a mill and a three hundred-acre tract on Pee Pee creek, four miles from that place. The building of the Ohio & Erie canal along the Scioto Valley, in 1831-2 virtually compelled him to convert his house into a hotel, which he enlarged in the latter year. Upon the completion of the canal to Waverly, he gave a grand dinner and festival, at which were present Governor McArthur, General Lucas, afterwards governor of the State, and other distinguished men. He was the first to take a canal boat to Portsmouth, which he did before the formal opening of the canal. He afterwards invested in a line of ten canal boats, running to Cleveland, which did not prove profitable, and was closed out at a sacrifice. The year 1837, one of disaster to the commercial interests of the country generally, proved extremely fortunate for him, as lie cleared ten thonsand dollars, a large sum at that time, in the purchase of corn, which was sold in Cleveland at a large profit. He was an active and influential agent in securing the construction of the Columbus and Portsmouth turnpike, to which he contributed one thousand dollars, and in which he afterwards became a large owner. The disasters of 1842-3 fell upon him heavily, and he weathered them with difficulty, but at last triumphantly. It is needless to follow in detail the expansion of the vast business of Mr. Emmitt during the last forty years. At present he is by far the largest operator in the Scioto valley, having.in Waverly alone a bank, saw- and grist-mills, a huge distillery, a furniture factory, lumber yard, numerous canal-boats, and an extensive store, the last being conducted by the firm of Emmitt, Myers & Co. The fine "Emmitt house " in Waverly, and the hotel of the same name in Chillicothe, are both his property. He has also large landed and other properties in or near Chillicothe, in Pickaway and other counties, and in Iowa and Missouri. About one-half the population of Waverly is employed in his various works. He pays one-third of the taxes of that place, and one-tenth of the entire taxes of Pike county. He has also been a benefactor to the county in the erection of a fine court house at Waverly, and its presentation to the public, upon the removal of the county-seat from Piketon to that place in 1861. He was the first president of the Springfield, Jackson & Pomeroy railroad (now the Springfield & Southern), which lie was largely instrumental in securing. Some of his other contributions to public improvement are named in the following extract from the Waverly Watchman of October 1, 1878 : " It is mainly due to Mr. Emmitt's enterprise and public-spiritedness that our county is as far advanced as it is. -It was his enterprise that built the first bridge across the Scioto river in this county. It was mainly due to his enterprise that we have forty miles of turnpike roads in our county. It is mainly due to his intelligence and liberality that inaugurated the enterprise which gave us two railroads, in one of which he invested one hundred and twenty-five thousand 'dollars. In fact, it is mainly due to Mr. Emmitt's untiring energy, perseverance, activity and liberality, that we have any public improvements in the county." In this connection we may well give some extracts from an article relating-to Mr. Emmitt, which appeared in the Ross county Register, -published at Chillicothe during the heat of the campaign of 1878, when be was the Democratic candidate for congress. It possesses the more interest and value, because coming from a political enemy, as the Register was and is : " If he lacks the finish of a course in college, he possesses what colleges cannot give, a mind of great natural grasp and force, and plenty of that wholesome quality known as hard, common sense.' In the course of his long and industrious life he has picked up a large amount of useful and practical in for.,ation, upon both public and private matters, which often stands one in greater stead than mere knowledge, without the ability to use it. It is not risking much to say that if one-half of the members of congress were called upon to manage the vast and complicated business interests of Mr. Emmitt, they would prove miserable failures. * * * Mr. Emmitt's long experience in, and intimate acquaintance with, agricultural, manufacturing and commercial interests, on an extended scale, at least entitle him to know something of value concerning the practical affairs of life. * * * If anybody labors under the impression that Mr. Emmitt is not a man of brains, possessing as much general knowledge of men and measures as the average of men, they should engage him in conversation a short time." In 1867-70 Mr. Emmitt, through the pressing solicitation of his fellow citizens, served two terms in the State senate, where he was influential in saving large sums to the State by defeating jobs, and was successful in getting through the legislature the bill for the payment of the Morgan raid claims, which was afterwards pronounced unconstitutional by the supreme court of the State, on the ground that suitable foundation was not laid for it in pre-existing law. In 1865-66 he, with his wife and two sons, took an extended tour of travel in Great Britain and on the continent, returning with many works of art to adorn his fine mansion and grounds in Waverly. He still, at his advanced age, gives promise of many years of vigorous health, and ability to manage, per- 228 A - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. WILLIAM EDWARD GILMORE. It is insisted upon by some for whose wishes I have great regard, that I shall furnish a sketch of my own life for publication and preservation in this volume; and although I am fully conscious that what may be written upon such a subject must be "commonplace," and void of any special interest, except such as kinship or intimate friendship may impart to it; nevertheless, partly because of such solicitation and partly because even the most humble of us all naturally desire to leave behind us some memorial of having lived in this world, I will draw upon my memory for so much of the events of my life as I may recall while writing this hastily prepared paper. I was born in Chillicothe, on the third day of November, 1824, the eldest of the eight children of William Young Gilmore and Mary Tiffin, his wife. My maternal grandparents were Joseph Tiffin, who is so frequently mentioned in this history of Ross county, and Nancy Wood, his wife, who was the sister of Judge Thomas Scott's wife. I beg indulgence here, to say that my father was a purely good, honest, industrious, moral, refined gentleman; who discharged every duty as husband, father, tailor, citizen and public officer in several places of trust, and never postponed or omitted any. He was polite and considerate towards every one, and most cordial and affectionate to his family and friends. The city of Chillicothe is indebted to him to a greater extent than many of its citizens are aware, for its present admirable common school establishment, and the existence of its public library. Almost his last injunction to me was that I should make the effort to recover certain valuable real estate in the city, diverted from its proper uses many years ago, and, when recovered, that it should be given to the board of education and library. I am not without hope of accomplishing this desired end. My mother, born here on the first day of January, 1806, was far above mediocrity in intellectual vigor and intelligence. Throughout her life she was a constant reader of sound literature, and she had an excellent memory. In affectionate devotion to her husband, children, and relatives, no woman ever excelled her, for that would be impossible. These are not merely the common and natural expressions of filial affection. That every word of these encomiums is emphatically true, everybody who knew my father and mother will be prompt to affirm. After celebrating their golden wedding, in 1873, my mother died of acute pneumonia, on February so, 1875; and my father died of sudden general paralysis, on the second of May, 1876, in his seventy-ninth year. And if the scriptural promise of prolonged life to children, proportionate to the love and honor they have rendered to their parents, was literally realized in this world, I, with my brothers and sisters, might confidently expect to live through a half dozen geological eras yet to come and go. Among my earliest recollections is the memory of a scene which made such impressions upon my mind and heart as were never dimmed by the lapse of time—impressions which largely controlled my whole after life. It was a long collie of negro slaves—men and women chained, two and two, together, with children of all ages of infancy following the gang— attended and guarded by ruffianly, brutal-looking white men, heavily armed, who were taking the human chattels through Portsmouth, from Virginia, and bound to some Kentucky or Tennessee auction block. From that day forward, and until the emancipation proclamation of President Lincoln was published to the world, I was ever an avowed and uncompromising abolitionist, and as active, zealous and efficient as such, as circumstances permitted me to be. Indeed, I have given the most of my life to the furtherance of anti-slavery sentiments and measures. Of course, as "brat, boy and youth "—as somebody has divided the period of male infancy—I had lots of fun, as most boys have had; and much of it would have been well worth narrating, too, if space permitted it here. I was instructed a little, studied some, and was threshed much, by Mrs. Wade and Miss Jane Luckett (with a slipper), Hiram McNemer (by boxing with the open hand), Roswell Hill (with a flat ruler), Daniel Hearn (with a hickory switch), John Garrett (with a cowhide), John Graham (with his tongue), and William B. Franklin (with a sole-leather strap), in the order named, and was so "prepared for college," and entered the freshmen class of the Ohio University at Athens in the spring of 1839. There were, at that time, a considerable number of students in the university, from Virginia, Kentucky, and other southern States; and, of course, the solitary avowed " d—d abolitionist" had to eat dirt or fight. I didn't eat the dirt; and consequently had a large number of battles forced upon me while at college. In one of these I got my right arm broken, and it has been somewhat weakened ever since by reason of that injury. I suppose no autobiographical record can be found in this world, wherein the writer admits he ever got licked in any one of his school-day fights; and I will not innovate in that regard here. But I will go so far as to admit I was sometimes worse hurt than my antagonist. Being full of life and animal spirits in those days, I entered with great zest into all the practical jokes and "devilment" of the students; and, although I protest now that I never did a mean or a malicious act, I nevertheless became a marked boy in the eyes of the faculty; and, in the early part of my junior year, I thought best to avoid threatened expulsion for playing a trick upon Professor Dan. Reid, by voluntarily quitting the university—and so I left Athens, in the summer of 1841. I then, young as I was, at my father's request, began to read law in the office of Creighton & Green. Creighton was always a practical joker, and Green, I think, never cared "a continental" for a student under him. So Mr. Creighton placed in my hands, as a beginning, the eight huge volumes of "Bacon's Abridgement of the Law." To say that I was soon disgusted with my father's choice of a profession for me, would be but a feeble expression of my mind upon that point. Although I remained for some months in the office, I read but little of Bacon. In 1842 there was a great "revival of religion" in the city, consequent, principally, upon a series of sermons by Professor Finney, of Oberlin college, delivered in the Second Presbyterian church, then in charge of Rev. George Beecher, and a systematic, combined effort by the elders and members of that church to get up excitement and feeling upon religious subjects. In common with a great many people, old and young, I became profoundly impressed with religious thoughts and feelings, and soon afterwards formally "joined the church." Thenceforth, for several years, I was as completely controlled and governed in all my thoughts, words and actions by religious feelings, as ever Jonathan Edwards or Edward Payson was; and it was not in consequence of any act or purpose of my own that I have not continued to be as devout and superstitious as any Puritan heretic-hater of them all. My affectionate parents acceded to my desire to study for the Presbyterian ministry, and I went to Lane Theological seminary in 1843, where, for the usual tern) of three years, I studied and worked with a zeal surpassed by none, to fit myself in heart and intellect for the life I expected to live. I graduated in due course with credit, and even marked prominence; and so became a bachelor of divinity, and very soon after, a licentiate of Cincinnati presbytery, with two or three "calls" already made to me. My graduating address upon the question, "Was Peter Ever Bishop of Rome?"--the point upon which all claims to supremacy of the Roman Catholic church rests—was republished by most of the Protestant religious publications of that day, and was honored by the special reply of the present archbishop of Ohio. By the time I graduated, I was engaged to be married, and therefore determined to make no permanent engagement until after that event. Therefore I accepted an invitation to fill the pulpit of the Coshocton Presbyterian church, only until November 3, 1846, the day appointed for my marriage. When I left Coshocton for Cincinnati to meet this engagement, I little dreamed of the storm which was impending over me. Upon my arrival at home here in Chillicothe, where I designed to spend one day, I was met by my parents in tears, and with a heart that felt like a lump of ice, I heard for the very first time that I had been charged with adultery with the wife of one Horace C. Grosvenor, of Cincinnati; and that upon this charge, heard in my absence, and without my knowledge, I had been already expelled from the Tabernacle Presbyterian church (of which Mrs. Grosvenor and myself were members), and my license to preach revoked by the presbytery. If l had heard that I had been indicted for murder in the first degree, I would not have been more astounded nor pained. Reader, this event occurred thirty-four years ago. Since then my experiences in the world have been such, that I would now simply despise, and probably, totally disregard such an accusation. But I desire to say here, invoking all the anathemas and curses that ever the church invented, upon my head and soul if I speak not the truth, that I was then, and have ever been, as guiltless of criminality with that lady, as you are, who never saw her. But my innocence availed nothing in a presbytery, then controlled by Lyman Beecher and his son-in-law, Calvin E. Stowe. The chalice from which I was compelled to drink has touched the lips of the Beecher family since then. Of course, upon hearing of this charge, I hurried on to Cincinnati. As my ill luck would have it, in going from the steamboat landing up into the city I came unexpectedly upon Grosvenor, and at once attacked and beat him badly. This injudicious act of passion added fresh fuel to flames of scandal already burning fiercely enough. 228 B - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. I made my appeal from the action of the session at once, but was refused a hearing on the ground that the appeal had not been made within ten days, as required by the discipline, although every one of my reverend judges well knew that I had made it within three hours of my advent to the city, and within forty-eight hours of my having the first knowledge of the charge. There was then no redress for me in any ecclesiastical court. But some months afterward, in the court of common pleas, upon the trial of the divorce ease which followed, I had a full and complete vindication. The treacherous and false Grosvenor was refused a divorce; and his slandered and innocent wife was, upon the cross petition, granted a decree of divorce from him (upon the ground of his extreme cruelty to her), with alimony in a sum as great as all he was worth. So, fully was his villainous attempt to get rid of a wife he had come to dislike, by fraud, intrigue and perjury, exposed, that Grosvenor left the court-room with a mob at his heels threatening him with tar and feathers. Grosvenor left the city immediately, and was afterward appointed superintendent of a silver mine in Arizona, for which position his fine attainments in geology, metallurgy and chemistry well qualified him. But within a few months after reaching the mine he was killed and scalped by the Apache Indians; and I confess I have had a friendly interest in the Apaches ever since. I ought to add that the church afterward kindly offered that if I would lie by pleading guilty of the charges, and pretending penitence for the sin I had not committed, I should be restored to my ecclesiastical position and license. Of course this offer was declined without thanks. Indeed, I am a little ashamed to say, it was declined in very natural, unstudied and forcible language, which closed all gates to negotiation thereafter. On December 10, 1846, the event having been delayed about five weeks by reason of the occurrence just narrated, I was married to Miss Amanda Betts, of Clinton street, Cincinnati, by Rev. N. L. Rice, D. D. Six children were born to us during this marriage, but my wife having inherited a frail and unhealthy constitution, our children were also frail, and all are now dead. With the exception of our oldest, Mary— who lived to be married to John A. Presnell, and have two children— all died in early infancy. My wife died in August, 1862. Immediately after my marriage I entered upon the study of the law, in earnest, in the office and under the kind auspices of Judge Oliver M. Spencer and Richard M. Corwin, of Cincinnati; and in the spring of 1848, having in the meantime graduated in the Cincinnati law college, I was admitted to the practice, by the supreme court, on the circuit. From my sixteenth year I wrote a good deal of what my friends were kind enough to call poetry, for various magazines and newspapers; and also frequent and much better prose articles. A few of these, both prose and verse, met with sufficient favor to cause them to have a considerable "run" by reprints. They were generally signed "Caryl," but for various reasons, I often used other ferns de plume. I have kept but very few of these productions of my youthful brain, but Mr. Coggeshall has preserved three or four of them in his " Poets and Poetry of the West." I am not at all proud of my poetic progeny. With my pencil I could achieve better things ; and I have had a world of fun, all through life, by the exercise of a considerable talent for drawing, and especially making caricatures. Although I never made serious and elaborate efforts in this field, yet very many of my sketches have attracted more than passing attention. Among these, "Noah L. Wilson removing Chillicothe to Zaleski ;" "Vanscoy's pennyroyal stock," "Patrick Henry's dream of Heaven," "John P. Ellis' promotion," "The twelve o'clock P. M. train going out (of Benny Thompson's saloon)," and many others, will be remembered with smiles by many of my readers, I am sure. In 1846 I first took a public part in the field of politics, by giving active and zealous support to Samuel Lewis, as the anti-slavery candidate for governor of Ohio, contra both the Whig and Democratic tickets. In 1848 I was "upon the stump-throughout the presidential campaign, in support of the Free Soil ticket, with Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams as the candidates for president and vice- president. This support I gave to the party principles and purposes, and certainly not to the men, especially the first, who were constituted the candidates of the Albany convention of 1848. Thenceforward I was always faithful and zealous in the use of what means and abilities I possessed, and without personal ambitions or demands for office, in support of the political ideas and policies which culminated in the formation of the Republican party, the election of Abraham Lincoln, the abolition of slavery, the suppression of the rebellion and the adoption of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to the National constitution. In the political campaign of 1860, the Democratic central committee challenged the Republican committee to public debate upon the questions involved in the contest. This challenge was accepted, and resulted in a series of discussions between Hon. Job E. Stevenson (then a radical Democrat), and myself. I can assert with entire modesty that the results of the meetings were greatly enjoyed by the Republicans, and not at all by the Democrats. In March, 1861, I was in Washington city, and while there became convinced by what I saw and heard that secession and civil war were fully determined upon by southern statesmen and leaders. I therefore made up my mind as to what my own personal course should be in that event; and arranged to be the first person in Chillicothe to hear of the expected commencement of hostilities. This news I received early on the morning of April 15, 1861; and I immediately transferred my business to my brother Charles, caused handbills to be printed and circulated, announcing the attack upon Fort Sumter, and calling for a meeting of citizens at the court house for the enlistment of volunteer soldiers. By the time of meeting (two o'clock P. M.), I had prepared a muster-roll to which my own name was signed first, and followed by the names of George F. Reed, William Watt and others; and by six o'clock of the same day I telegraphed Governor Dennison, offering to the Federal government a full company of one hundred as stalwart fellows as ever shouldered a gun, who were enlisted "for the whole war however long it shouldlast." But, as the president's proclamation had not yet been published, we were not accepted until the nineteenth, and left home for Camp Jackson, under orders, on Sunday, the twenty-first. In the meantime, with the aid of certain friends I had caused the company to be fully uniformed at a cost of one thousand eight hundred dollars. At Camp Jackson, after many orders and countermands as to the assignment of the companies there assembled, my company finally became Company A, of the Twenty-second Ohio volunteer infantry, and I was soon after commissioned colonel of the regiment. We were ordered into Virginia, by the way of Parkersburgh, late in May, and served in Wirt, Roan, Calhoun, Gilmer, and Braxton counties, until the middle of August, principally engaged in breaking up attempted rebel organizations in various places, and guarding important points on the railways, etc., by which service my regiment was much scattered during this term of service. Being so divided up, and being detained in Virginia a month beyond the three months term of the enlistment of the first seventy-five thousand volunteers, the reorganization of the Twenty- second was attended with great difficulties and embarrassments to me. There had been a good deal of intriguing for various purposes, even while in Virginia, in the parts of my regiment which were not with me, and by my own officers. The month of oitr detention, too, had been utilized all over the State, and especially in this part of the State, by a host of recruiting officers, "working like beavers" for prospective coin- missions, and several companies, recruited expressly for my regiment, were run off into Missouri, by the aid of General John C. Fremont (who was ambitious of collecting a large army to he under his command) and became part of the Thirteenth Missouri volunteer infantry. Beside all this, the military committee of Ross county, secure of me under all possible circumstances, and surprised and delighted by the acquisition to the war party of several prominent gentlemen who had hitherto been zealous pro-slavery Democrats, left me to take care of myself and regiment, while they gave all their assistance and favors to other organizations intended to furnish field commissions for these new converts. This injustice I have always keenly felt; for it resulted to me, not only the loss of my rank, but ultimately to my retirement from the army, very greatly to my chagrin. In October, 1861; after more than two months of most energetic recruiting, I had only six full companies; and the need of troops at various points in the field was great and pressing. As yet, none of these rival regiments were full, and what was true here, was also true over all the State of Ohio. I, therefore, from a sense of duty, requested the governor to consolidate my six companies with some other four so that we might get into service as soon as possible, and offered, at the same time, to yield the colonelcy to any other officer the governor might select. This proposition Governor Dennison accepted with thanks and compliments. But even then, such was the struggle and maneuvering for place, among the many to whom such commissions had been unwisely promised upon various contingencies, that it was not until February, 1862, that we were finally consolidated with the Sixty-third Ohio volunteer infantry, at Marietta, and moved, under orders to report, first to General Sherman, at Paducah, Kentucky, and thence on to General Pope's command, then organizing as the Army of the Mississippi, at Commerce, Missouri. 228 C - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Of course, I cannot here pursue the history of my regiment. The consolidation of these two commands made my position in the regiment almost intolerable from the beginning. My men were much attached to me, and murmured loudly that I was not retained in command. Nothing I could do or say could prevent this, and the result of it was that friendly relations with Colonel John W. Sprague—a jealous, selfish and passionate man—became absolutely impossible. After a year of the most unpleasant service that can be imagined, I resigned my commission as lieutenant colonel and returned home, where, in every possible way, I continued to aid the Union cause with hearty zeal. On the sixth day of October, 1863, I married again, my second wife being Ellen, daughter of Charles P. Brown and Angeline E. Crippen, his wife, of Athens, Ohio. This event was, and is, by all odds, the happiest and most fortunate one that ever occurred to me. Our three children— Charles P., Tiffin and Ella—are healthy and bright, and so far, at least, promise us every joy of parentage. In December, 1865, having determined upon going to the west, I visited Missouri; and the beauty and prospects of Springfield, fixed my choice of a location. In May, 1866, I removed my family to that city. I had now concluded that, with the abolition of slavery and the happy termination of the war, my active part in partisan politics should end. Up to this time I had, with each annual campaign except while in the army, done much the largest part of our county political work on the stump, and with my pen in our party newspapers. I had made my business success second in thought and effort to the success of the political creed I thoroughly believed in, and had never asked or gotten any " recognition" whatever. Yes, I was fixed in my purpose. In my new home I would leave politics to others, and devote myself, at last, to making money. I think we had been three days in our house, and were busy tacking down carpets yet, when our work was arrested by a visit from Judge Fyan, Colonel Boyd and Fletcher Mack, esq., who informed me that "Judge Nathan Bray was about to address a great meeting of Democrats in the public square; and as it was the custom in the southwest to have debate on such occasions, they were sent to me as a committee to request me to represent the Republican side." I was no little astonished at this call—indeed could not guess how my political creed was known to any of them, or that I had ever made a speech in my life. The result was that I consented, got my opponent's personal war and partisan record from Fyan while waiting for my time, and was enabled, beside making a pretty good argument in support of our cause, to "skin him alive" before an audience of more than a thousand people. Thenceforth I had debates without stink upon my hands in all the southwestern quarter of Missouri; and some of them were acrimonious and dangerous in the last degree, for the passions of the war were rampant yet, and southwestern Missourians were decidedly ready and handy with the knives and pistols, which every one of them constantly carried upon his person. In 1868 the nomination of the fourth district for congress was tendered to and urged upon me by a combination which had the power to give it, and there was then a Republican majority of more than five thousand in the district. But I thought that good faith required the renomination of Colonel Gravely (then serving in his first term), for whom seventeen of the the twenty-one counties composing the district had "instructed," and the remaining four would have done so, had it not been supposed that he would be the candidate, as a matter of course. And yet, I knew he would not be nominated; but I refused to be a party to, or the beneficiary of, an intrigue I condemned. The result was that Colonel Gravely was defeated, according to programme, and "Pony" Boyd nominated. Gravely, justly incensed, at once announced himself an independent candidate, and his many friends in the district rallied enthusiastically to his support. The probability was then very great that Mr. McAffee, the Democratic candidate would be successful. Gravely arranged and published a long list of appointments to speak throughout the campaign. Boyd did not dare to meet him, and the central committee was panic stricken. In this dilemma, I was appealed to for the sake of Republican success, to meet Gravely at all his appointments, and if possible, check the "bolt." Disagreeable as the duty was, I consented to perform it, and for that purpose followed up Gravely, and replied to his speeches in three or four counties (one of which was his own county, Cedar, in which he was very popular), with such effect, that Gravely saw the inevitable result would be ignominious defeat at the polls and political ruin to his future, and so he wisely abandoned his candidacy, and went into Burdett's district, where he could make atonement for his error by working vigorously for a regularly nominated Republican candidate. I filled the balance of his appointments for him, and although Hon. John R. Kelso (who had formerly represented the fourth district in congress) took Gravely's place as an independent Republican candidate, the result of the canvass was that Boyd was successful by nearly the usual majority. By this canvass I acquired the easy leadership in the fourth district, and, indeed, in the whole of southwest Missouri. Why I did not utilize my influence for my own benefit, will be seen in the sequel, and the facts will appear, I doubt not, much more creditable to my heart than to my head. The "Drake constitution" of Missouri, had been adopted while the war was in progress, and was most stern and radical in its proscriptions and disfranchisements. It was a war measure, and intended to aid in putting down the Rebellion. After the war had closed, and the fruits of the war had been safely garnered in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments to the National constitution, I thought that evenhanded justice required the removal of the disabilities imposed by the Drake constitution upon a large number of the people of the State. To this work I addressed myself, preparing the Republicans for it, by making many public speeches and newspaper arguments upon the subject. My own portion of the State had suffered greatly during the war, and the bitterness of feeling towards rebels was still intense. Nobody but Judge Fyan helped me in this work. But, nevertheless, by the time the amendments were afterwards submitted to the people, their better feelings had so far conquered hate, that they were carried in the State by about one hundred thousand majority. I was attacked by Havens, Baker, Ellis, and other leading demagogues of my own party, as one who favored and advocated " Rebel suffrage;" and although the nomination for congress was tendered me again, it was coupled with a resolution denouncing "Rebel suffrage," and the proposed amendments. Committed to the latter, as I was, I could not accept a candidacy on such terms. I demanded the recession of the resolution, and was refused, and I, therefore, declined the nomination of that convention, which was then conferred upon H. E. Havens. This convention, for reasons that governed Havens, Ellis & Co., had been called as early as June loth, and was, therefore, the first held in 1870. A considerable number of my friends withdrew; and counter organization began upon the basis of support to more liberal measures in Republican policy everywhere; and right there, in Marshfield (lately utterly destroyed by a terrible tornado), the Liberal'Republican party, which has since been so large a factor in national politics, was born. A month later a large and enthusiastic mass convention for the district was held at Springfield, and I was nominated as their candidate for congress by acclamation, Ind consented to make the race, although, by that time, the enfranchisement of the freedmen had made the radical majority in the district not less than seven thousand. What a red hot campaign I had of it! Ohio people who calmly acquire their political ideas and information from cold printed matter, can scarcely comprehend how exciting a close election contest comes to be in the south and southwest, where the stump orator is "Sir Oracle" to his party, and nearly every meeting is a debate with one's opponent. I did not hope for success, but I came near achieving it. In every county in which I was able to "get in my work" I caused vast defections from the ranks of the regulars. But in Douglass, Taney, and Ozark—isolated counties into which I had not time to go and work—I got scarcely any support whatever; the aggregate of my votes in these three, being only one hundred and eighty-seven. Yet Haven's majority was cut down from the expected seven thousand to a little less than one thousand, and as the centers of intelligence and commerce were first heard from, it was the belief for nearly a week that I was elected. In 1869, I had been offered, cordially and freely, the support of about twenty Republican members of the general assembly for United States senator. Several newspapers of influence urged my nomination, and I have much reason to believe that if my combined modesty and poverty had not induced me to decline the trial of a candidacy, I would have attained a very respectable " place'' in the race, at least. As it was, I defined to permit the use of my name, and urged my friends to support Carl Schurz, which they mostly did, and he was elected. For this efficient work in Schurz's behalf, Ben. Loan, the leading opponent of Schurz, afterward paid me, by preventing my promised and intended appointment to the position of United States marshal for the western district of Missouri. But Carl Schurz has, apparently, utterly forgotten that I had any part in the election of the senator from Missouri, in 1869. One can count much more certainly upon the survival of a politician's hatred than of his gratitude. Of course I adhered to and supported the Liberal party of 1870-72. I was a delegate from Missouri, to the convention that nominated Horace Greeley, and I worked and voted for the election of Greeley and Brown. What a Waterloo the combined army of Liberals and Dem- 228 D - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. ocrats met with in the November election following, has become historical. While in attendance upon the Cincinnati convention, I was appointed by the governor of Missouri, one of a board of commissioners to build an asylum for the insane, which we located and built near the city of St. Joseph. In 1872. I was nominated for lieutenant governor of Missouri ; and could I have held the office, would have been elected, as the whole ticket was, by some forty thousand majority. But I lacked a short time of having been seven years a citizen of the State, and was therefore not constitutionally eligible. I, of course, declined the candidacy. After Governor Silas Woodson's inauguration, he appointed me factor of the Missouri penitentiary, an office which is unknown to Ohio, but in which my predecessor had made, as he told me himself, about fifty thousand dollars per annum! After taking possession of this office I at once set about saving to the State of Missouri all the money I could. I soon found how much easier it is to feed wolves than to drive them from their prey. Finding all their outrageous swindling contracts rescinded, and that I intended buying all supplies for the prison, and selling all products of prison labor in open market, inviting competition of both sellers of the one and buyers of the other; at once a ring of the contractors was formed, in which I have never doubted that the governor and some other State officials were interested, and the Missouri penitentiary was leased for ten years, at ten dollars per year! My factorship lasted just six weeks. It would take a volume to tell of the monstrous iniquities that followed this change in prison management. It has cost Missouri a great deal of money, and produced unimaginable suffering among the convicts, the majority of whom are blacks. Not long afterwards, in 1873, the great business panic having caused me the loss of what means I then possessed, except some real estate, which became absolutely unsalable, and remains so yet, I became disgusted with western life and returned to Ohio, where I quietly sat down again in the same office, and same arm chair I had left in April, 1861, and resumed the practice of my profession. If this outline of my life is ever filled up with details; or is continued to include any part of the future, it must be by some other hand than my own. I will conclude it now, with so much of description of my personal appearance, not shown by the engraving, as that my hair, now very white, was originally very dark brown; my eyes dark gray, spotted with brown; my height is full five feet, eleven inches; and my weight to-day is two hundred and ten pounds. While in the army, I was attacked with rheumatic gout, from which I have suffered greatly at intervals ever since, and am stiffened somewhat in my joints in consequence. Otherwise, my health is, and always has been, nearly perfect. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 229 sonally, the large fortune, estimated at a million of dollars, which has been accumulated by a long life of industry and energy. DENNIS McCONNEL. It is not an easy nor is it a pleasant task to write the history of a simple life. Personal faults and weaknesses are much easier concealed in the life of a man of affairs, whose claim to notice is laid upon his connection with important and celebrated events, than in that of one whose reputation must stand or fall solely with his character as displayed in the every day actions of an uneventful life. The subject of this sketch presents, however, no necessity for concealment, evasion or palliation. If a life in all things, so far as humanly possible, consistent, a life in which the every action was squared with a stern sense of duty; then, if years of honest labor against the odds of natural forces and perplexing poverty; if this makes a man distinguished then Dennis McConnel's name belongs on the roll of honor. A glance at his early history may not be amiss, as showing in what school he was trained, and from what ancestry he came. He was born near the city of Belfast, county of Antrim, Ireland, during the year 1779. Of the position of the family in Ireland nothing is known, our first record telling us that D. McConnel, the father of Dennis, came to America in 1784, bringing with him his wife and family and settled in the Cumberland valley, in Pennsylvania. He was probably one of those whom the events of the war of independence induced to emigrate; and, as he at once sought for a farm in his new home, we are justified in supposing him to have been a farmer in the old. He cultivated a rented farm in the Cumberland valley, and after a stay of a few-probably not more than five-years in Pennsylvania, removed to Frederick county, Virginia, at a point in the Shenandoah valley about ten miles distant from Winchester, At this place his family was reared and educated and nearly all the remainder of his life was spent. He was a poor man, the demands of a large family for support making necessary the strictest economy, and called for the labor of every dine '"of his children. Under these circumstances, living at a day when the facilities for education in the country neighborhoods were very limited, it is not surprising that his sons and daughters acquired more knowledge of practical affairs than of books beyond the elementary branches. The history of our hero, from the time of beginning his school life in Virginia, to his manhood, is not essentially different from that of other farmers sons of that day. The year was a round of hard work-work to strengthen the muscles and develop the force and determination of a man by nature determined and forcible. In the year 1806, at the age of twenty seven years, Dennis came to Ross county, Ohio, in search of a livelihood. The village of Chillicothe was then but twelve years old, and, on every side were great tracts of unbroken forest. Truly a magnificent field for strength and energy ! In the outskirts of Chillicothe, lying partly within and part beyond its present corporate limits, was a farm owned by Joseph Carr, now known as the Dr. Arthur Watts farm. Dennis secured the position of manager of this property for Mr. Carr, who was a man of wealth and political prominence. Here he remained until 1808, when he resigned his position and returned to his father's home in Virginia. We have no record of his life there, until, in 1811, he married Elizabeth Blacker, a native of the Shenandoah valley. Miss Blacker was of German-Irish descent, her paternal grandfather having been a native German, -her mother's family Irish. Her father was overseer upon a large plantation and the intimate familiarity which she had gained with the slave system, had made her a strong abolitionist, when abolitionists were very rare. At about this date D. McConnell, who had reached the age of seventy years, and had long since lost his wife, married a young woman of Virginian birth. Having thus formed new associations, the need of having the care and companionship of his children no longer existed. One son, Henry, had been killed in boyhood by falling from a horse. The remaining brother and sisters accompanied Dennis, in 1813, to Ohio. Their father removed soon after to his old home, in Pennsylvania, and remained there until his death. Those who came with Dennis to Chillicothe, were Jeremiah, Jane, and Catharine. Jeremiah never married, and lived the remainder of his life in Ross county. Jane married in Virginia, and was accompanied by her husband, Jacob Blacker. Catharine married R. Williamson in Virginia, and was a widow when she came to Chillicothe; she afterward remarried. Dennis returned at once to his old position as superintendent of the Carr farm, and continued there for six years. He then removed to a farm belonging to John Waddle, situated on the Lancaster road, four miles north of Chillicothe. This farm consisted of seven hundred and eight acres of fine land, very heavily wooded, and, in consideration of clearing the land, it was agreed that he should have the privilege of raising upon it five crops in succession, rent free. These do not look like very liberal terms, but, from this contract, Mr. McConnell's prosperity may be traced. The only improvement which had been made upon the farm, consisted in the erection of a house-built by Jeremiah McConnel and William Waddle, carpenters. Attacking his task with characteristic determination, he soon had a portion of the farm in condition to be cultivated, and, by hard work, he managed to support his increasing family from the product of this portion, and at the same time constantly to increase the size of his clearing. So matters went on until the farm passed into the hands of the bank of the United States, and when that institution went into liquidation, was offered for sale. Dennis McConnel had put the labor of some of the best years of his life into the land, and was not the man to allow another to reap where he had sown. So, though worth but very little property, he bought the land and buildings, pledging himself to pay for them the sum of ten thousand dollars, within the time specified in the deed of trust given as security for that sum. This he could not have done but for the generous assistance of John and George Wood, who showed their confidence in his integrity by endorsing his paper. He had now found a task to test his mettle and he did it nobly. From that forest covered tract of land he cut and dug the ten thousand dollars and paid it, to the last cent, as agreed. This purchase was made in the year 1833, and the improving of the farm was his life work. There he lived, rearing and educating his family, until the year 1858, alien, on the tenth day of December, he died. On July 29, 1869, his wife followed him to the grave. Little more remains to be-said of Dennis McConnel. The story that his successful life conveys is fold. His iron will and indomitable energy, are proved by his work. From poverty he rose, by the unassisted work of his own hand, to wealth. Endowed with business ability, as well as physical strength, he directed his efforts with a view to permanent results and secured them. The penniless man of 1833, living with open-doored hospitality, yet died, twenty-five years later, worth not less than eighty thousand dollars. A fortune like this may be a mean thing wien won by penurious saving; it may be a badge of disgrace when gained by deception and fraud, bnt when earned by honest labor and used with considerable liberality, no more honorable .monument can survive. He had been for forty years addicted to the use of tobacco and to the moderate use of liquor. One day, meeting his physician, Dr. Webb, on the street, he complained of some illness and stated his symptoms to his adviser. " You use too much tobacco," said Dr. Webb. "What day of the month is this?" he asked. "The twenty-seventh of June," was the answer. "From this day," said lie, "I will never again taste tobacco." His hearers laughed incredulous.y, but he kept his word. Soon after he filled a bottle with whiskey and set it in a cupboard in his room, saying, " I am beginning to care too much for liquor,- and from that day the contents of the bottle remained untouched. The following is a record of his family and descendants. The names of his children are John, born in Virginia, who died at the age of two years ; Jeremiah, born at Chillicothe, died when fourteen months of age ; Harriet, born at Chillicothe, July 5, 1816 ; Joseph, born June 27, 1818 ; Jeremiah, born August 7, 1820 ; Eliza, born in September, 1822. Harriet married, February 14, 1838, George W. Renick, and now lives in Chillicothe. Mr. Renick died July 3, 1872, leaving the following children : Dennis McConnel, born December 18, 1838 ; Felix, burn February to, 1841 ; George J., born December 14, 1845. Of these, Dennis married Jane Claypool, January 3, 1865 ; George married Elizebeth Veail, in 1872. Joseph McConnel married, August 24, 1855, Rebecca Jane Mace, of Chillicothe. They have one child, Elizabeth, born November 15, 1862, and now live on a beautiful farm just outside the corporate limits of Chillicothe. Jeremiah married Keziah D. Mace, sister of Mrs. Joseph McConnel, May 28, 186o. He now lives at the old homestead and has the following children : Jacob Mace, born October 7, 1861 ; Annie Mace, November 17, 1865 ; Dennis, December, 1867 ; Eliza, March 17, 1869. Eliza married D. W. Lumbeck, February 28, 185o, and has been a widow since July 16, 186o. She now lives in Jefferson township, on the Scioto river, but expects soon to remove to Chillicothe. Her children are Dennis McConnel, horn March 25, 1851 ; Frank, December 3o, 1851 ; Lizzie McConnel, January 6, 1854 ; William Perry, May 13, 1857 ; Jeremiah McConnel, December 4, 1859.