(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 341 THE TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES OF HIGHLAND COUNTY HILLSBOROUGH AND LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. LOCATION AND NAMING OF HILLSBOROUGH. At the February term of the court of common pleas of Highland, 1807, was made the following entry: "Agreeably to an act of the legislature, entitled an act establishing the permanent seat of justice in the county of Highland, the court have elected David Hays as director." This appointment was made in pursuance of a statute passed March, 1803, which made it the duty of the commissioners appointed by the legislature, after the survey of the county, and fixing of the seat of justice, to report to the court of common pleas; on which report, the court were authorized to appoint a director, who, after giving sufficient security for his faithful performance of duty, shall be, in the language of the statute, fully authorized to purchase the land, "if the commissioners should select a site not already appropriated by a town," of the proprietor or proprietors, for the use and behoof of the county, and proceed to lay off said land into lots, streets and alleys, under such regulations as the court shall prescribe, and the said director is hereby authorized to dispose of said lots, either at public or private sale, as the court may think proper. This action of the court seems to have been regarded as finally settling the question in favor of removing the county seat from New Market. The point selected by the commissioners, after a careful and thorough survey of the county, was believed to be as near the center as practicable, though lying somewhat north of the actual center, which was then ascertained to be in a large bog near the Rocky Fork, southwest of the site selected, near two miles, on land afterward owned by J. M. Trimble. A strong inclination was manifested by the commis_ sioners to establish the county seat at what is now known as the Eagle Spring, as being near the center, and already somewhat improved by the residence, clearing and pottery of Mr. Iliff. But the ground was not thought to be as well adapted to the purpose as the beautiful ridge nearly northwest, which was at length wisely selected and reported. The site thus chosen for the future capital of Highland, lay on the trace from New Market to Clear creek. It was, therefore, well known to most of the citizens of the county, and regarded by the unbiased, as the most suitable place for the county town. The ridge was known as the highest point in the county, and the great number of springs of pure, cold water, which gushed from so many places in its surface, and which were held in almost superstitious regard by the early settlers, coupled with the pure air secured by its elevation, seemed to promise a healthfulness which the experience of over seventy-five years has fully realized. Other points set up claims, and quite a formidable rival was found on the north bank of Clear creek, some three miles distant from the chosen site. But the commissioners were forced from all local bias, and under oath; and, therefore, acted independently, and with sole reference to the future good of the entire county. From the journal of the court it appears that a special term was held on the first day of May, 1807, for the purpose of determining upon the course of policy to be embodied in the instructions of the court to the director. But the court being divided in opinion, adjourned without doing anything, and the director proceeded in his duties under the statute. He entered into negotiations with the owner of the land on which the commissioners located the future seat of justice. Having ascertained that the land could be purchased on favorable terms, and that a good title to the same could be obtained, he reported accordingly to the court, at the July term, 1807. No record of the court of this, or any subsequent term, shows that a set of instructions was agreed upon for the government of the director, and we are left to conclude that he was guided by his own judgment in the details of his subsequent transactions. On the twenty-eighth of August of that year, he made a survey and plat of the town, and the seventh of September following, he received a deed of two hundred acres of land from Benjamin Ellicott, through his attor- 342 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO ney, Phineas Hunt; the consideration for which was one hundred dollars. This two hundred acres, thus deeded to David Hays as director, was the land on which he laid off the town named Hillsborough. This name, it is said, was given to the place, by the court of the county, because of its elevated situation, and as appropriate to the name of the county. Of this, however, there is no record, and some of the men of that day, claim that the town was named for Captain William Hill, a well known and popular citizen of the vicinity, whose house was the rendezvous for the voters of Liberty township before Hillsborough was founded. Others assert that Hays named it himself; but the reason for his choice is not remembered. One thing is certain : Mr. Hays deserved the honor of naming the town, and we should be glad to assert positively that he did. Everything connected with his services as director, evidence not only a liberal, but an enlightened gentleman of excellent taste, and of a stern sense of justice. He was identified with the New Market party, and had he been an ordinary man, would have shared and manifested the hostility, inseparable from a like clashing of interests. But his fairness, and freedom from prejudice, are abundantly manifested in all the details of his transactions as director. In some of the results of an enlightened judgment, it is claimed that he was in advance of the times in which he lived, and of the community for which he was acting. Notably was this seen in the liberal plan upon which the town was laid out; a plan not only worthy of the intelligence and esthetic taste of the present day, but most appropriate to the beautiful and commanding site, whose rare capabilities seem to have inspired in him a prescience of what in the future would be acknowledged by all, as only worthy of the location. The sale of the lots, which the director was authorized to make, was at public auction on the ground, and took place about the first of October, 1807. The exact date of the sale cannot now be fixed, but it is known that it was within a few days of the date above named. On the day of sale a large concourse of people were present, chiefly from the northern and eastern portions of the county. The sale took place on Beech street, east of the Woodrow house. All the land appropiated for the town was a virgin forest of dense growth. The timber was oak, hickory, walnut, beech, etc., with dogwood, spice, hazel, etc., for undergrowth. Constable John Davidson, of New Market, was the auctioneer. A considerable number of lots were sold, at prices ranging from twenty to one hundred and fifty dollars. The Smith corner was purchased by Allen Trimble, at one hundred and fifty dollars, and the Johnson corner sold for the same. The Fallis corner was reserved. Other lots on Main and High streets, extending out from the center, varied in price from forty to seventy-five dollars; while on Beech and Walnut streets they brought from twenty to twenty-five dollars. Hays bid off the Mattil corner, and David Reece the lot on which Joseph I. Woodrow now resides. Allen Trimble bought the Joshua Woodrow corner also. The lots were sold on twelve months credit. The out-lots sold at about twenty to twenty-five dollars, and contained from three to five acres. Richard Evans bought the lot on which General Trimble lived in 1858, and sold it to the general for thirty dollars. Walnut street was so named by Hays, from a fine young walnut tree standing in the line of the street, near Hays' or Mattil's corner, and Beech street was named from a similar circumstance. Christian Bloom and wife, from New Market, supplied the crowd with gingerbread and whiskey, finding ready sale for their stock, from a little tent near the stand of the auctioneer. Considerable excitement was visible among the crowd during the day, provoked chiefly by the above-named whiskey, and other kindred spirits; and as the day declined Christian Bloom's beverage bore most unchristian fruit, and the antipathy of some of the New Market men to the soil of the rival county seat was so far overcome that most of the beds in the new hotels, in the vicinity of the tent near the auctioneer's stand, were taken for the night. The crowd assembled on that occasion was peculiar. There were representatives from Pennsylvania, Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland and New Jersey; and that cosmopolitan—the quaker—the same, whatever State he hail from, with his broad brim and plain coat, added picturesqueness to the many groups moving about under the spreading branches of the oaks and beeches that were throwing down their kindly shadows, all unconscious that these intruders were legislating their speedy downfall. INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN OF HILLSBOROUGH. The first act of the State legislature, incorporating the town of Hillsborough, was passed on the seventh of February, 1814. It declared that the officers should be "a president, recorder and five trustees; an assessor, treasurer, collector and town marshal," and that the name of the corporation should be, "The President, recorder and trustees, of the town of Hillsborough." The organization formed by this act was kept up for several years, and then allowed to go into disuse—no officers being elected, or other corporate acts performed, for a long time. At length, on the twenty-sixth of February, 1842, the act was repealed a provision being inserted in the repealing act, to the effect "that the repeal of said act shall not relieve the said corporation from any liabilities incurred, or divest any of the rights acquired under said act repealed." Just why this act was repealed we are not informed. But we know that subsequently, on the eighteenth of February, 1848, a second act of incorporation was passed, defining anew the boundaries, and declaring that the town of Hillsborough "shall in all respects be governed by the provisions of an act entitled 'an act for the regulation of incorporated towns,' passed February 16, 1839," There are no town records in existence, of an earlier date than 1848. During that year John Baskin was president of the council, and A. G. Matthews, recorder. It will be seen that the names of the officers have been somewhat changed since that time, though the town cor- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 343 porate has never aspired to the name and rank of a city. The following are the names of its present officers: B. F. Beeson, mayor; J. H. Hiestand, treasurer; N. H. Ayres, clerk; A. V. McConnaughey, marshal; Peter Brown, Allen Cooper, J. S. Ellifritz, W. H, Glenn and W. H. Gregg, members of the council. ORGANIZATION AND BOUNDARIES OF LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. Liberty is one of the four original townships into which Highland county was at first divided. As the county was organized in 1805, there can be no doubt that the township was organized during that or the following year, although no records exist, showing the precise time when the organization was effected. Neither is there any record of the boundaries of the four townships, as they originally existed, But during the next twenty years, four additional townships had been organized by the county commissioners, out of territory originally belonging to the first four. And in the record book of the commissioners, under date of April 14, 1825, the boundaries of all these eight townships were "collected into one view, by order of the commissioners." Since that time nine new townships have been created out of portions of the territory belonging to the eight then existing; and as records of all these changes have been carefully preserved, it is easy to trace, from these records, the boundary lines of all the seventeen townships as they now exist. We do not deem it important to describe here the present boundaries of Liberty township, but will content ourselves with giving the dates at which it has parted with portions of its territory to other townships, and the names of the townships to which it is now contiguous. On the fifteenth of January, 1844, a portion of Liberty, on the southeast, was taken to aid in forming the township of Marshall. June 6, 1850, a portion on the south was taken to assist in the formation of Washington township. March 2, 1852, a portion on the north was taken as a part of the new township of Penn. These various changes have left our township of Liberty in the center of the county (as it should be, to entitle it to the court house), surrounded by the following cordon of sister townships: Penn, on the north; Paint, and a small portion of Marshall, on the east; Washington and New Market, on the south, and New Market and Union, on the west. No record of the first election of township officers has been preserved; but the name of the first justice of the peace, and that of the frrst constable, have been handed down by tradition, and are mentioned in another place. The present officers are as follows: B. F. Beeson and H. R. Quinn, justices of the peace; M. R. Willetts and A. V. McConnaughey, constables; N. H. Ayres, clerk; J. H. Hiestand, treasurer; Benjamin Conard, H. S. Foraker, and D. C. Arthur, trustees. ORIGINAL SURVEYS. The first surveys of land now comprised in Liberty township, were made in 1795, ten years before the county and township were organized, and twelve before the laying out of the town of Hillsborough. Within the present township limits are embraced (wholly or in part) thirty- eight surveys—leaving out a few, of which only small fractions are included in the township. We will proceed to place these on record, giving the name of the person for whom each one was made, its number, date, and extent in acres, For Robert Ballard five surveys were made, as follows, each for one thousand acres: No, 2,351, dated April 29, 1795; Nos. 2,514, 2,353, 2,513, and 2,352, all dated April 27, 1795. For Temple Elliott, four were made : Nos. 2,482 and 2,52, both dated April 27, 1795; and Nos. 2,480 and 2,481, dated April 28, 1795,—each of these also for a thousand acres. Augustine Davis, one survey, No. 2,517, of seventeen hundred and fifty acres, dated April 28, 1795. Thomas Strechly, survey No. 2,508, dated April 27, 1795. Thomas Parker, one survey, No. 2,305, dated April 27, 1795. Severn Teagle, No. 2,306, and Peter Muhlenberg, No. 2,319 both of one thousand acres, and both dated April 27, 1795. John Moyland, three surveys: No. 2,503, of one thousand, three hundred and thirty-three acres, dated April 27, 1795; No. 2,504, of seven hundred and fifty acres, and No. 2,505, of sixteen hundred acres, both dated April 28, 1795. John Graham, three surveys: No. 2,486, of seventeen hundred and fifty acres; No. 2,568, of twelve hundred and ninety-six acres, both dated June 26, 1795 ; and No, 2,335, of one thousand acres, dated March 4, 1799. John Hays, survey No. 2,315, dated March 23, 1795. James Baytop, survey No. 2,325, of one thousand acres, dated March 24, 1795. John Hughs, survey No. 2,320, of two thousand acres, dated Aptil 27, 1795. Otway Byrd, two surveys: No, 2,515, of four thousand, two hundred and fifty-five acres, dated April 29, 1795 ; and No. 2,516, of seventeen hundred and forty-five acres, dated July 25, 1796. Hugh and Amos Evans, survey No. 2,414, of six hundred acres, dated March 18, 1797; Daniel Evans, survey No. 2,415, of four hundred acres, same date; and Samuel Evans, survey No. 2,416, of four hundred acres, dated March 19, 1797. Marquis Calmes, three surveys: No. 2,586, of one thousand acres, dated March t0, 1797; No. 3,029, of four hundred acres, dated June 20, 1797; and No. 3,034, of three hundred and forty acres, dated March 2, 1799. William Warsham, survey No. 741, of sixteen hundred and sixty-six acres, dated December t, 1800. Henry Massie, two surveys: No. 4,217, of twelve hundred acres, dated May 21, 1802; and No. 4,638, of thirteen hundred acres, dated February 2, 1805. Daniel Stull, survey No. 6,277, of eighty-eight acres, dated September 18, 1809. James Galloway, survey No. 7,408, of one hundred and thirty acres, dated April 7, 1815. James Wilson, survey No. 9,045, of fifty acres, dated December 6, 1822. Samuel K. Bradford, survey No. 0,483, of one thousand acres, dated November 15, 1823. None of the above-named persons, except the Evans, settled on their surveys in this township. Of these, brief notices will be found elsewhere in this narrative. Of the remaining persons named, there are only four 344 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO concerning whom we have been able to glean any information; and that is very meager, as follows : Peter Muhlenberg was a native of Germany, who settled in Pennsylvania, about the middle of the last century. He was a minister of the United Brethren denomination, and, on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, he became chaplain in a Virginia regiment. For his service in that capacity he obtained a grant of land in the Virginia Military district. He was the father of the late venerable Dr. Muhlenberg, of New York, a distinguished preacher of the Protestant Episcopal church, and the author of several celebrated hymns— among them the one beginning as follows: " Softly now the lrght of day, Fades upon my sight away. Henry Massie was a brother of General Nathaniel Massie, the founder of Chillicothe—having settled in Manchester, Ohio, previous to the laying out of the former town. About the year 1808 he removed to Chillicothe, remaining there three years, and then removing to Louisville, Kentucky, where he died, in 1830. James Galloway was an early locater of lands in southern Ohio, to which State, soon after it was opened to settlers, he removed from Kentucky. After a time he settled permanently at Xenia, where he died about 1855. Otway Byrd was a Virginia officer in the Revolutionary war, and doubtless a relative of the distinguished family of that name that settled in Brush Creek township at an early day—though we have not been able to discover the degree of relationship. ORIGINAL VOTERS. The following is a census of the male inhabitants of Liberty township, Highland county, twenty-one years old and over, taken in 1807: William Alexander, John Achere, Henry Ault, Alexander Beard, Jesse Baldwin, Enos Baldwin, Benjamin Brooks, sr., John Bryan, George Brooks, James Brooks, John Belzer, William Brooks, John Bowman, Adam Brouse, Henry Beeson, John Burris, Joseph Bloomer, Nehemiah Bloomer, Benj. Bloomer, William Bloomer, Enos Baldwin, Hezekiah Betts, Thomas Ballard, Benjamin Beeson, William Ballard, David Brown, Benjamin Brooks, jr., Jonathan Boyd, John Burris, jr., John Burris, sr., Miles Burris, Borter Burris, Moses Burris, Daniel Burris, Joel Brown, Robert Branson, Thomas Beatty, Robert Beatty, David Coffin, William Clevenger, sr., Reuben Crabb, William Clevenger, jr., Benjamin Claney, Evan Chaney, Edward Chaney, sr., Thomas Chaney, Edward Chaney, jr., John Cook, Joseph Chaney, Gabriel Chaney, Robert Carson, Jesse Chaney, Zur Combs, John Creek, Jacob Creek, Abijah Coffin, John Criger, Joseph Creek, Matthew Creed, sr., Matthew Creed, jr., Walter Craig, James Carlisle, Lewis Chaney, James Dean, Mark Donald, William Dougherty, John Ellis, Samuel Evans, Hugh Evans, Amos Evans, Andrew Edgar, Daniel Evans, Dickey Evans, Jacob Easter, John Easter, Mark Easter, Samuel Evans (of Rocky Fork), Adam Easter, William Ewbanks, David Evans, John Evans, Basil Foster, James Fenner, James Fenwick, James Frame, James Fitzpatrick, Thos, Fitzpatrick, Robert Fitzpatrick, Frederick Frailey, Daniel Frailey, Jesse George, Jacob Griffin, John Gray, Samuel Gibson, William Hill, sr., William Hill, jr., Asa Hunt, Jonathan Hunt, James Hadley, Christopher Hussey, Stephanes Hunt, Stephen Hussey, Samuel Harvey, Heth Hart, Thomas Hart, John Hart, Joel Hart, John Hanson, Jarvis Hyatt, James Hoge, Richard Hulett, Joseph Hyatt, John Hart, Runyon Hoffman, Jacob Houser, Stephen Hussey, sr., Joshua Hussey, Richard Iliff, Daniel Inskeep, Ebenezer John, Thomas John, William Johnson, Thomas Johnson, David Jolly, Joshua Kinsworthy, sr., David Kinsworthy, William Kinsworthy, Elisha Kinsworthy, Isaac Kinsworthy, Joshua Kinsworthy, jr., Joseph Knox, Samuel Keys, William Keys, Ezekiel Kelley, Jesse Lucas, Charles Lucas, Joshua Lucas, William Lucas, Marescah Llewellyn, Samuel McCulloch, John Matthews, sr., John Matthews, jr,, Joel Matthews, William Mason, Nathan Mills, William Morrow, Hugh McConnel, Rezin Moberly, Daniel McKeehan, Henry McCauley, Michael Medsker, George Nichols, Obediah Overman, Isaac Overman, Zebulon Overman, Demsey Overman, William Perkins, David Pierce, Joshua Pool, Abner Robinson, David Ross, Joseph Reader, Nicholas Robinson, Samuel Rees, John Rockhold, David Reece, David Rapp, John Richards, Augustus Richards, Edom Ratcliff, George Richards, Joseph Swearingen, Isaac Sharp, Robert Sharp, William Sharp, Henry Sharp, Gideon Stephens, Shadrach Stafford, Levin Stafford, Jervis Stafford, Borter Sumner, Anthony Stroup, Adam Steel, Alexander Starr, Enoch B. Smith, Job Smith, James Smith, Samuel Stitt, Lewis Sumner, Isaac Shelby, Jeremiah Smith, Gideon Small, Knight Small, Joseph Spargur, John Stokesberry, sr., John Stokesberry, jr., Adam Tedron, Salmon Templin, Terah Templin, Robert Templin, Allen Trimble, William Thompson, Josiah Tomlinson, Moses Tomlinson, John Troxel, Isaac Trath, James Underwood, Alexander Underwood, Peter Van Meter, Joseph Van Meter, Isaac Van Meter, Zachariah Walker, James Witty, Jacob Worley, Nathan Worley, George Wilson, William Wright, sr., William Wright, jr., James Wright. It must be remembered that, at the time the census was taken, Liberty included much of the territory now included in the townships of Marshall, Penn and Washington. EARLY TIMES IN HILLsBOROUGH, AND LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. As an appropriate introduction to this chapter, some extracts are given from a narrative which we find in the Highland Weekly News, and which was written by Colonel William Keys, who, says the editor of that paper, was one of the earliest settlers of the county, and passed nearly the whole of the remainder of his long and useful life in Hillsborough, honored and respected by all of his fellow citizens. His account of the journey of himself and family from Virginia, would answer, with little variation, for the experience of many of the other old settlers of the county. Colonel Keys says : "It seems to me, that in order to have a correct idea of the labors and extreme dangers we had to encounter in settling Highland counly, HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 345 and other parts of the State, we ought to take into consideration, frrst, the trouble, toil, and fatigue we had to undergo in moving to it. “When we take into account the then existing condition of the roads over the mountains and hills, and the absence of bridges and ferries over water courses, we can have some conception of the extreme difficulty of traveling over the almost impassable route from the old settlements to Ohio, at that early day. "Turnpikes, railroads, and steamboats, were not in existence, and the roads over the mountains were the most difficult wagon-ways conceivable. Without grading, full of ruts, gutters, and holes, and other obstacles; the country broken, hilly, mountainous; it will be seen that traveling was made toilsome in the extreme. "The descendants of the early settlers, and other present occupants of our well improved farms, our beautiful towns, our commodious churches, school-houses, court-houses, excellent flouring-mills, etc., will hardly turn a thought in the direction of the toil, drudgery, and hardships of those laborious men, who leveled the forests and opened up the farms. "I will, therefore, give a short sketch of the trials of our company in coming over the mountarns, believing that a correct account of our own travels will equally well describe the hardships of many others. "We took our journey from 'The Valley'* of the Old Dominion, in September, A. D. 1805, with a strong team, a large wagon, and a heavy load. We proceeded on our way over the Alleghany mountains, Green- briar hills, Sewell and Gauley mountains, Kanawha river, and backwater creeks, often impassable by the rising of the river, and arrived at Point Pleasant, where we crossed the Ohio river, aUd left the most of our troubles behind us. "Our company consisted of two family connections, each of which was divided into one or two smaller families; and, as a promise of a fair beginning, each of them had an infant specimen of Young America, to carry on the knee; lhe party numbering twenty-three persons in all, eight of whom were full grown men. We often had to exert all one united strength and skill to prevent our wagons from upsetting, and had often to double teams in order to ascend the steep mouUtain sides. None of our company met with any accident, but not so with all the emigrants who preceded us on the same route. We sometimes passed the fragments of broken wagon-beds; broken furniture, and other marks of damage by upsetting on the mountain sides, where the wagon, team and all, had rolled over and over down the steep declivity for some rods; until stopped by the intervention of some tree, too stout to be prostrated by the mass of broken fragments. By doubling teams, we could reach the mountain top, but to get safely down agaiU, called for other contrivances. One expedient frequently tried, was to fasten a pretty stout pine tree to the hind axle of the wagon with chains, so as to retard the downward course upon the horses. "At the foot of such hills and mountains, could be seen sundry such trees, that had been dragged down for the purpose above named. We arrived at our Highland home after about eight weeks' constant travel, Sundays excepted." But it is to be remembered that, at the time Colonel Keys and family made this toilsome, and even perilous journey, the great victory of Wayne over the Indians, and the treaty of Greenville which followed it, had neutralized the one element of terror which outweighed all others, with the earlier emigrants, the dread of Indian massacre. Previous to the above named treaty, few settlers ventured beyond the protection of military stations, as at Marietta and Cincinnati. Peace with the Indians being assured, the tide of emigration soon flowed over the fertile valleys of the Muskingum and Scioto, and was not long in reaching the healthful and picturesque region which separates the headwaters of the Scioto from those of the Miami. One of the first white men, if not the first, to visit this region, was James Trimble, a youthful scout in Governor Dunmore's expedition against the Indians, in 1774. * By the name, "The Valley," is designated that portion of the State of Virginia which is bounded on the east by the Blue Ridge, and on the west by a parallel ridge to which is given, throughout the most of its extent, the name of "the North Mountain." Thirty years afterward, in 1801, the same individual, then forty-eight, Captain James Trimble, of Kentucky, in company with his son, Allen Trimble, made his second visit to the territory of the present county of Highland; and, during that visit, purchased a tract of land on which his farnily settled subsequent to his death, which occurred in 1804. The Trimble family were thus among the first settlers in the township, in which the county seat was located in 1807. CLEAR CREEK SETTLEMENT. The first settlement within the present limits of Liberty township, however, was that of Clear creek, made by Hugh Evans, and his sons Richard, Samuel, Daniel, and Amos. Mr. Evans originally emigrated from George's Creek settlement, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, to Kentucky, in 1788, and settled in Bourbon county, near Paris. Here he remained until after Wayne's treaty with the Indians, in 1795. Not liking to live in a slave State he then determined to remove to Ohio, and, after making several trips to look at the country, he finally settled on a fine three thousand acre tract of land on Clear creek, which was entered and surveyed for him by General Massie. In the fall of 1799 Mr. Evans, with his sons and sons-in-law, came over from Kentucky and built their cabins, and the next spring moved their families. They followed the trace from Manchester to New Market, from which place to their land they had to steer their way through an unbroken forest, by aid of a compass. Hugh Evans, the father, built his cabin on the farm afterward owned by Daniel Duckwall. William Hill settled next below, on the creek; then Amos, Daniel, Samuel, Joseph Swearingen, George Wilson, and Richard Evans. Swearingen, Wilson, and Amos Evans, did not, however, move out for some time after; but, when they had mustered in full force, it is easy to see that they had little occasion to be either ashamed or afraid when they spoke "with their enemies," under any circumstances. At that time this settlement formed the extreme frontier, their being no white man's house to the north, with the exception, perhaps, of a small settlement at Franklinton, on the Scioto, opposite the present capital of Ohio, Richard Evans started with his family from Kentucky in March, 1800, There being snow on the ground, they traveled in a large sled, drawn by two horses and two oxen, leaving a part of their goods to be sent by wagon, when the ground got firm. As soon as they arrived, they went to work to make a supply of sugar. This done, they cleared out the ground, and by the last of May, had eight or ten acres fenced in and ready to plant. By that time the wagon had arrived, bringing a supply of seed corn, potatoes, and a little flour, which was a great rarity, and came mostly down the river from Pennsylvania. The first corn planted on the farm of the late Richard Evans, was planted on the last day of May and first day of June. Abundant crops, however, were raised the first year. Corn, potatoes, pumpkins, and turnips grew in large quantities. When the corn began to ripen, 346 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO which was none too soon, as the supplies which were brought from Kentucky were nearly exhausted, the great question to be decided, was how to reduce it to hominy.. A tin grater answered the purpose at first, but the corn soon got too hard for this method, Mr. Evans showed himself, however, to be fully equal to the emergency. This was proven by the construction of a "sweat-mill," which fully supplied their wants for a time. The Indians were very numerous in the neighborhood at that time, and visited the cabins of the Clearr Ceek settlement almost every day, perfectly friendly and harmless, but generally hungry. SETTLEMENTS ON THE ROCKY FORK. Ezekiel Kelley, a native of Maryland, moved into Highland from near Chillicothe, in the year 1803, and settled on Little Rocky fork, three miles south of Hillsborough, and he helped raise the first cabin built in Hillsborough, in 1807. Samuel Gibson moved from Mason county, Kentucky, in 1803, and settled with his family three miles southeast of Hillsborough, on Rocky fork, near the present site of Bishir's mill. The next year he built a small tub-mill, which was the first on the creek. This mill was washed away several years 'afterward by a flood, and he then put up a better structure; but, owing to defects in the dam, the mill was frequently out of order, and therefore not reliable; but at that day any mill that would save the settlers the labor of grinding their corn by hand or horse-power, was very valuable. Mr. Gibson had been a Revolutionary soldier, and his land had been entered on warrants for military services in the Continental line. There was some defect in the entry, and in his old age he was worried with lawsuits in regard to his title, and finally had to buy the land over again, in order to close his days in peace at his own hearth-stone. THE CHANEYS. In 1797 Rev. Edward Chaney and family moved to the Hockhocking valley, from Bedford county, Pennsylvania, and, several years later, removed to Highland county and settled on Clear creek, above the Evans settlement. They had few white neighbors, but there was a large body of Wyandot Indians in the vicinity, who were, however, peaceable and harmless. Mr. Chaney invited them to his house to hear him preach, and though, of course, they could understand little of what was said, they paid the most respectful attention, and seemed to enter into the spirit of the occasion completely. They kept profound silence until the sermon closed, when they would rise in silence, and walk off in single file to their camp near by. Jesse Chaney, son of the Rev. Edward Chaney, was then a young man, and assisted in making many of the early improvements of this part of the county. Mr. Chaney speaks of having met Captain James Trimble at one of those gatherings which drew together all the able- bodied men within a radius of eight or ten miles, to raise a cabin or a barn. He describes him as a tall, slender man, of fine appearance and of most pleasant and gentlemanly address. Mr. Chaney claims to have made the first hundred rails made on the ground where Hillsborough now stands. They were made near the corner of Main and West streets. He also built the first stable ever put up in the place. It was built of saplings or poles, and stood near the present srte of the Ellicott house. In 1804 Joel Brown, from Culpepper county, Virginia, settled on Rocky fork, about four miles southeast of Hillsborough, and was the pioneer settler on that portion of the creek. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and during his long life was highly esteemed by his neighbors. Like all of that provident people, he planted orchards, and cultivated "good apples." ANECDOTES OF THE INDIANS. As an example of the friendly intercourse between the two races, which succeeded the era of the tomahawk and scalping-knife, we give the following pleasant narrative: Some months after Samuel Evans moved his family out, and when he was away from home, a company of more than thirty Indians went t0 his house and asked for something to eat. Mrs. Evans went to work to prepare the best the house afforded, although her guests had set at naught a fundamental enactment of Caucasian etiquette in not waiting to be invited. Her table was set as it would have been, had this slight omission not occurred. When, however, the old chief came in to inspect the well advanced preparations, he shook his head in disapproval of this feature of the entertainment, and made Mrs. Evans understand by the most emphatic pantomime, that such was not the custom among his people; no, not even in the court circle, and that, in the true Turkish style, the feast must be served upon the floor. As a true hostess should be, Mrs. Evans was anxious to entertain her guests in the style most acceptable to them, and down upon the floor went plates, knives and forks; and, when the repast was ready, thirty odd dusky visitors made a circle about it, and utterly ignoring the presence of plates, knives and forks, helped themselves, as do some of the highest Asiatic potentates of the present day, with their fingers. When their hunger was appeased, they expressed their thanks in a manner not altogether devoid of a certain native grace, whereupon they quietly withdrew. As proof that, by their own standards, there were still among them some who could hardly claim admittance to the happy hunting grounds awaiting the true " braves" in the sunset land, the following will be considered conclusive: At one time 'a small party went to Samuel Evans' house to buy corn, which they often did, and generally showed themselves honorable dealers. On this occasion, however, one of the Indians, while his companions were getting their corn measured by Mrs. Evans, stole a quantity by pulling it through the crack in the rear of the bin. Mrs. Evans saw him and charged him with the theft, which he did not deny, but seemed entirely indifferent to it. Thinking to scare him, she told him the next time he stole her corn she would have him put in jail. At this he raised his gun, and retorted, "me shoot." Not wishing to inflame the rising anger of the treacherous HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 347 savage, she did not press her claim, but was glad to get rid of him. The fact that so few outrages were committed, with such ample opportunities on the part of the conquered race, shows some regard for the sacredness of treaties, but more, perhaps, for the superior skill and power of the race which was displacing them in their ancient hunting grounds. Mr. Noah Evans relates some of his personal recollections of the Indians, which are worth preserving. They frequently came to the neighborhood of the settlement in parties of fifteen, twenty, fifty, and sometimes as many as a hundred; men, women, and children, horses and dogs. The men and squaws both rode in the same position. The "pappooses" were carried, one in each end of a leather sack, something like saddlebags, thrown across the horses back. Sometimes it would happen that there was an odd number of "pappooses," and then a dog would occupy the opposite end of the sack as a make weight. These parties would camp by' the creek and hunt, or trap, or make sugar for some time, and then away to some other place. Mr. Evans speaks of once seeing a party of Indians seated at his father's table. They are, says Mr. Evans, characteristically dignified, courteous and ceremonious. They have a great deal of self respect, and as a consequence never fail, when the recipients of hospitality, to treat with great deference both their host and his peculiar manners and customs. In this instance, they sat gravely at the table for some moments, then took up the knife and fork placed for each and looked at them curiously, then at each other inquiringly, but without speaking. Finally their appetites, overcome by the odor of the savory dishes before them, dispelled their native desire to adopt new customs out of respect for their entertainers, and they simultaneously dropped the knives and forks and laid hold of the meat with their fingers. If white persons happened to be at their camp while they were eating, they would not only invite them very cordially to partake, but press them to do so, and seem half offended if the invitation were declined. MORE SETTLEMENTS. Daniel Inskeep emigrated from Culpepper county, Virginia, in 1804, and came to this county in the spring of 1805. He settled on the Rocky fork, two miles west of the present county seat, where he resided for more than forty years. He was a saddletree maker by trade, and was probably the first who pursued that calling in this county. Mr. Inskeep was also a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was in every respect an estimable citizen. In the spring of the same year, James Johnson came from North Carolina, and settled in what is now in the township of Penn. In coming out they were compelled to cut a way for their wagon from New Market through the dense woods which covered the site of the present town of Hillsborough. At a meeting of the board of commissioners, September 30, 1805, it was ordered that Nathaniel Pope receive an order on the treasurer for six dollars and fifty cents, for service as lister of Liberty township; and this is the earliest record of the name of the township, except as one of the four into which the county was first divided. On the second Tuesday of October, 1805, the first county election of ,Highland was held in the several townships. William Hill's, on Clear creek, was the place appointed for voting in Liberty township. In April, 1803, the associate judges of each county had been empowered to establish townships and assign them a suitable number of justices of the peace, who were to be elected on the twenty-first day of June following, at such place as the judges should direct. No record of this first township election is in existence, but it is certain that Samuel Evans was the first justice of Liberty township, and it is supposed that he was elected in accordance with this law. In June, 1805, David and James Jolly, with their families, moved from Chillicothe and settled on Rocky Fork, southeast of the present town of Hillsborough. William Jolly and his brother-in-law and sister, William and Mary Ann Warwick, came at the same time. Mr. Warwick died the next fall. James Jolly was a tanner, and established a small tan-yard on a farm owned by Judge Delaplane, on the road from Hillsborough to Marshall. He afterward removed to Hillsborough, and sunk a tannery near the present site of the Walnut street school-house. David Jolly, jr., was one of the first members of the Presbyterian church in this county, and assisted in establishing the first church in the neighborhood of Hillsborough. He was, throughout his life, a consistent and devoted christian. He died at his home near this town, on the farm he first improved, in the winter of 1843. BEGINNINGS IN HILLSBOROUGH. The removal of the county seat began to be talked of in 1806. It appears, from the journals of the commissioners for that year, that Peter Light, George Denny and Nathaniel Beasly, were allowed six dollars each, for fixing the permanent seat of justice in the county of Highland. Squire George Caley, who came from Virginia to New Market in 1801, and removed to the farm, on which he lived fifty-three years, in 1805, was present at the laying out of Hillsborough, and had witnessed its growth from that date to the time of his death, which occurred in 1858. Almost immediately after the sale, preparations were made for the improvement and occupation of the new town. To John Compton belongs the honor of becoming the first citizen of Hillsborough, which event took place within ten days from the public sale of lots, on the first day of October, 1807. He was a tanner by trade, and had for some time been looking for a site for a tan-yard. Previous to the day of the sale he had discovered a spring on one of the lots, and had covered it with brush to prevent a competition in bidding, which might have prevented him from inaugurating an important branch of business at the new seat of justice. The little shanty which he put up near the spring, was the first building of any description erected on the town 348 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND, COUNTIES, OHIO plat. The tannery was afterwards owned and carried on for many years by Allen Trimble. The second building erected was a rough log cabin, with clap-board door and roof, built by Jo. Knox, on the ground now occupied by the frame part of the Ellicott house. This was completed by the first of November, and opened as a tavern; the first one in town. By this time much of the timber in the streets had been cut down and logged off, for building purposes, and, to some extent, the outlines of the two principal streets were defined by the fallen timber. The timber standing in the streets was considered public property, and, therefore, fell first. But this was all that had been done. The ground of the streets was blocked up with logs and brush, and, to pass on horseback, it was necessary to take to the woods. A PERIOD OF RAPID GROWTH. As soon as the weather would permit, in the spring of 1808, the work of building up the town of Hillsborough . commenced with great vigor. During the bright, pleasant days of the latter part of March and the first of April, the sound of the axe, saw and hammer, mingled with the crash of falling trees, was heard on all sides. Men were busy with timber already down; hewing, logging off, cutting board timber, and making boards and shingles; and this without the aid .of saw-mills. Houses were much in demand, which was a favorable indication for the rapid growth of the town. Those who came from a distance had to accommodate themselves in tents until houses could be built. A number of persons in the vicinity, who had purchased lots at the sale, with the intention of improving them, soon hurried up small buildings to meet the demand of newcomers. Among the first dwellings erected that spring was that of Allen Trimble. He had purchased the out-lot on which he resided the remainder of his life; but his first house did not occupy the spot he had designed for his future home, but was built of logs and placed a few rods from the corner of High and North streets. It was a comfortable house for that time, covered with lap shingles, and stood, perhaps, twenty-five years. Two years before, Mr. Trimble, in view of the great want of a blacksmith in the neighborhood, had induced John Belzer to move out from Kentucky. He hired him by the year for fifty pounds sterling (the currency then being in pounds, shillings and pence), built him a shop on Clear creek, and set him to work. Belzer was the first blacksmith in the Clear Creek settlement, as also in Hillsborough ; for Trimble built a shop of split logs, split sides in, covered with clapboards, near the corner where the gate to his later residence opened into the grounds. The shop was also built in the spring of 1808, previous to his own cabin, and was for some time the only shop of the kind in the place. And here, in times of a great "press of business," which then more often occurred in the shop than in the court room, Mr. Trimble often assisted Belzer, who was a first-rate workman, as blower and striker. Here the various edge tools, in such constant demand among the forest slayers, were forged, and business was lively, Torn Trimble, one of Captain Trimble's manumitted slaves, and the first black man who settled permanently in Highland county, worked in this shop as an apprentice; but not making satisfactory progress in the trade his former master had wished him to learn, he was sent back to Kentucky for an apprenticeship, from which he returned, not only an adept at the bellows and anvil, but an extra fiddler. Historical accuracy compels the admission, that Tom's tastes lay in the line of "high art," and whatever legends may have been transmitted to the present generation, of "uncle Tom" and his doings, will be more apt to celebrate him as a pupil of Paganini, than as a performer in the "Anvil Chorus." John Shields, an Irishman and a Methodist preacher, as well as a brickmason and contractor on the new court house, came to Hillsborough from Chillicothe early in the spring of this year (1808). His brother-in-law, Thomas Pye, a partner in business, and two apprentices, John Harvey, for many years afterward, and to the day of his death in 1832, an industrious and useful citizen of the town, and Caleb Runnels, came at the same time. Shields had purchased the entire square north of the public square, lying between High and West streets, and south of Beech street. Shields and two brothers-in-law, John Tucker and Thomas Pye, made a settlement on the south side of Beech street. They all had families, and occupied small log houses on the line of the street, while the back part of their lots was cleared and converted into a brick-yard, where, during the summer, the brick for the court house was made. Benjamin Golliday came this spring, and erected a little house of logs on the lot where the residence of Samuel E. Hibben now stands. He was a wheelwright by trade, but could also turn his hand to the business of house-carpenter and joiner, and such a man was certain to be warmly welcomed in the new community. David Bruce became a resident about the same time, and assisted in building many of the first houses. John Hutsinpiller, a Virginian, Levi Warner, James Hays, William Barnett and Charles Lang came in the spring of this year from Chillicothe. Hays had purchased the northwest corner of High and Walnut streets, and erected there the first two-story log house in the town, which is still standing. Lang built a funny looking little frame, the first of the kind built, on the south side of Beech street, on the corner of the alley, below the garden of the late Samuel Bell. It was very small, the corners stood on stories, and it was weather-boarded, and covered with lap shingles. The chimney was "cat and clay," but the walls were neither filled in, plastered, nor ceiled, arid though a "frame," it could not assume to look down upon its log neighbors. In this Lang opened the first tailor shop in town. During the course of the summer, Shields, who was an energetic, pushing fellow (as who can doubt), put up a two-story log house on the southwest corner of Beech and High streets, on the lot afterward owned by Dr. Sams, He also erected a two-story log house of good HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 349 size on Beech street, nearly opposrte the later residence of General Waddel. The latter was opened as a tavern, late in the fall, by William Barnett. Shields seemed determined that Beech street should go ahead of all the others; and, before winter, there were six houses on it west of High. He donated a part of his square to the Methodist church. This was the corner on the alley opposite the old jail, and a part of the lot afterward occupied by the residence of J. M. Trimble. On that ground was built the first church in Hillsborough, a very neat frame building, which was erected in 1810. A large two-story, hewed-log house was put up on the corner opposite the Ellicott house, on the ground afterward occupied by Dr. Joseph Hibben's store-house. Mr. John Carlisle, of Chillicothe, had purchased, at the sale of lots, the corner of High and Main, known as the Johnson corner, and, early in the summer of 1808, a large two-story log house was built some rods south of the corner. In this Carlisle opened a dry goods store, the first in town, and Benjamin H. Johnson and Samuel Swearingen, his clerks, kept it. During the fall of this year, Joseph Wright opened a small store opposite the public square on High street. On the south side of Main, west of High and below, or west of, Knox's tavern, a small log house was built early in the summer, and occupied as a kind of tavern, by James H. Scott. This list closes up the building operations in Hillsborough, for the year 1808, with the exception of the court house, which, though commenced this year, was not completed until the following summer, HIGH STREET IN ITS LOW CONDITION. Ponds and mud holes disfigured the surface of the ridge on which the new county seat was situated, and there were many formidable "sinks," particularly on the outer slopes of the hill. There was a large pond of water, standing the greater part of the year, on and around the corner now known as Trimble's corner. This pond Was such an obstruction, that the. Clear Creek road, from New Market, for some time after that of which we speak, passed to the east of it. The largest pond on the town plat was around the ground afterward occupied by the residence of Mr. Howell, on High street. It covered nearly an acre of ground, and was full of water most of the year. 'There was an abundance of water-grass, flags, and other aquatic plants, and the place was the favorite home of a very large community of frogs, of all grades of size, and, from the variety of effects produced, one might say of all degrees of vocal power and culture. It is among the early recollections of the "oldest inhabitant" that, during the "Spring Festival," spring concerts were almost continuous. Uncle Tom's fiddle was the only other musical institution of the times, and that never ventured into competition with the full orchestra, which, under competent leadership, piped unweariedly from this centrally located conservatory. Before Knox's tavern and down at the corner of Main and West streets there was deep black mud, that almost amounted to a swamp, and had there been a respectable public sentiment at that time in regard to drunkenness, no doubt the livery worn by those picked up in the gutter, when brought before his honor, the mayor, would have been most valuable and conclusive evidence on the now so much vexed question, "Where did he get his liquor?" Items from his honor's decisions would have read after this style: "Black mud, Knox; yellow clay, Barnett." The streets during that year, and perhaps still later, were literally barricaded with fallen trees, logs, and brush from Trimble's blacksmith shop, southwest over the town plat. And when the streets were at length extricated from the superincumbent mass, partly by burning and partly by rolling the heavier timber to the sides of the streets, it was a favorite amusement with the children, as Aunt Polly Woodrow remembers now, in her ninety-fifth year, and in the year of our Lord 1880, to go the whole length of High street without touching the ground, by stepping and jumping, if necessary, from log to log. It is related, also, that in wet seasons, to' avoid the ponds and standing water, grave and reverend seniors often availed themselves of this "corduroy" highway, even sometimes making a sort of Nicholson pavement of the stumps that studded the ground as thick as pegs in a solitaire board. And all this, let it be remembered, after each man had taken, of that which stood in the streets, as much wood as he would for building purposes. Whatever privations were suffered by the pioneers of Hillsborough, the lack of timber was not one of them. We almost imagine we hear Mrs. Partington, or some other of the simple wise ones ask why, when the material was so abundant, they did not build a larger city. And let one of the great-great-granddaughters of those light-hearted girls, who skipped from log to log through the length of the town and back again, in 1809, thus acquiring the healthful development for which the pioneer women were ,distinguished, shed any tears at the recollection of the sore dearth of amusements for children in that far distant time. It is true there were no hoops to trundle then, and no pavements on which to trundle them; but the dear little ones had sources of delight which they would have been reluctant to exchange for any modern substitutes. The first preaching in Hillsborough was held in the early spring of 1808. John Shields, the Methodist local preacher already mentioned, preached regularly every Sunday during the spring and summer of that year, preaching principally in his own cabin, or in the adjoining grove. The winter previous to this (and following the laying out of the new town) was memorable for its severity and deep snows, which destroyed nearly all the birds and small animals. The snows were so deep that choppers and hewers could not work, and the winter at the new seat of justice was one of almost unbroken silence ; insomuch that the deer returned to their former haunts, and were almost daily seen about the public square, that was to be. Joel Brown killed and hung up a large doe during February, on a beech tree which stood near the center of the town plat. Bears tracks were often 350 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. seen in the hollow near the site of the present railroad depot. It is noticed also, that the courts and board of commissioners made short sessions during the winter of 1807-8. Inducements to loiter were not irresistible in a town of two cabins, and a half-finished log jail, woods and brush, fallen trees and the crookedest kind of cow- paths for streets. But a new era had dawned, and Hillsborough henceforth had a local habitation and a name. MANY EVENTS AND INCIDENTS OF PIONEER DAYS. The first school taught in Liberty township, was in a little log school-house on the land of Samuel Evans, in the winter of 1805-6, and the teacher was John Mathews. The schoolmaster seems to have been abroad in Liberty township at a very early day. During the winter of 1807-8, the little log cabin school-house on Clear creek was again occupied by a mixed school, of which James Daniels, a young Virginian of good family and liberal education, was the teacher. Young Daniels was at that time a student of law, and was soon after admitted to the bar. The small school-room was crowded with the youth of both sexes, some coming a distance of four or five miles. The stalwart young man in heavy brogans, buckskin breeches, hunting shirt and wool hat, took lessons in spelling and reading, while the younger ones differed only in having the good fortune to commence their journey up the hill of science at an earlier age than had been the privilege of the old ones. The younger boys were dressed usually in linsey or tow linen pants, supported by deerskin suspenders, attached to one large brass waistband-button conspicuous at the front. No vest or coat was used by them in the summer. In winter, however, they usually enjoyed the addition of linsey round-about, and the more carefully provided for, hunting shirts of blue linsey, fringed with red or yellow. The girls, from eighteen to six or seven, appeared in linsey dresses, with no extra fixings of stays or hoops to impede their locomotion; and, in sports at noon, of prisoners' base or other lively games, were as fleet of foot as the wild doe. Schools were kept up every winter in this humble building for many years, and more than one of the hardy, rough looking boys who attended it at the early day of which we speak, became distinguished in after life, and held positions of honor, with credit to themselves and to the community in which they were reared. This pioneer temple of learning is described by one of those who received the rudiments of education there, as wild and in the winter dreary, though not wanting in the picturesque. "The pathways through the snow, to the various dwellings of the scholars, diverged from the classic opening in the woods, where we were liable to encounter bear, panther, or wolf in our way homeward. On one occasion, a bear saluted us within a few feet of our path, as we passed through the woods between Joseph Swearingen's and home. The eldest of the party, a girl of twelve years of age, covered our retreat." And this, we take it, means that she placed herself the last, in that line of wild flight from this monster, which has been the grim embodiment of the terror of millions of nurseries, from away in the dim past down to the present. Some might say that here is the stuff of which heroism is born, but if it lie not heroism of the highest type, the language furnishes us with no word by which to characterize it. He who, with undimmed vision, can call up the childish figure, marshalling the little ones, and urging their flight, is not worthy to read this humble tribute to one, who, even at that tender age, was superior in her self-forgetful courage, to Joan of Arc. It is not the fault of her admiring eulogist that the name of the youthful heroine is not coupled with the record of her shining deed. But Bruin, it proved, was enjoying a full and free repast on one of neighbor Swearingen's hogs, and not in a mood to give chase. He merely raised up his fore-paws on a log, and snuffing the evening breeze, resumed his feast. But one look was enough to strike terror to the hearts of that little band, who knew that armed hunters consrdered his bearship an ugly customer. The alarm was soon given, and John and Duke Swearingen, with dogs and guns, soon overhauled bruin, and the children next day had a choice and juicy piece of their shaggy enemy. And as there can scarcely be two opinions in regard to which is the more christian nutriment, this opportunity cannot be better improved, perhaps, than by a suggestion that the oleaginous plower of the gutter be hereafter raised for the sole purpose of fattening bear's meat. A story is told by one of the Trimbles, who was a boy in the Clear creek settlement in that early time, which conveys so forcibly the wild and still dangerous character of the forest, that it seems properly a part of the history of the time. He says that they were going, one cold autumn evening, in the wagon from their cabin up the creek to Captain Billy Hill's, for their winter supply of pork, and that Uncle Tom. Trimble, who had been liberated by Captain James Trimble, and had followed his widow and her family to the wilds of Highland county, in 1805, was driving the team of two oxen at the wheels, and a steady old horse, imported from Kentucky, and of the Patton stock, at the lead. Three of the Trimble boys—William, Carey and John were in the wagon, while Tom. rode, side ways, on the saddle-horse. (We cannot help wishing the narrator of this story had told us, if this was the horse that had borne the wife of Captain Trimble over so many miles of mountain and moor, and the one that bore her and her two children when chased by the wolf " snapping at her side.") It was getting quite dark, and the woods were known to be infested with bears, wolves, and panthers, but if Tom. thought of danger, he was too much of a man to hint his fears to the occupants of the wagon, and so in order to keep up his own courage and theirs, as well as in obedience to that instinct of his race to liberate the music that is pent up within them, he was whistling and singing, as they threaded their way through the narrow tract, that left barely space for the cart, between two dense walls of undergrowth. Suddenly they were startled by the wild, shrill, half human cry of the HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 351 panther, apparently very near them. Tom. did not wait for a second signal, but leaped into the wagon, and the oxen and the old horse, instinctly aware of their danger, started off on a lope through the woods, keeping the track in the dark, with more than human skill. And thus they soon arrived, without accident, to Captain Hill's. Captain Billy Hill, jr., and William Trimble immediately collected the dogs on the place, and with rifles in hand, set off in pursuit; but, after some hours of diligent search, failed in striking the trail of the "varmint." It was strongly suspected afterward, by every one but Uncle Tom., that Jim Felix, a daring hunter, and an inimitable mimic of the cry of that particular animal, was the panther. Jim was known to have been returning that evening from Hillsborough, where he was employed in cutting timber, hewing logs, and making clap-boards for the new town. But whether a real panther or not, there was no doubt about the genuineness of the "scare." Another story from the same source, for which we have not room, establishes the effectiveness of Jim's panther cry. It sent Belzer, Allen Trimble's blacksmith, a would- be disciple of Nimrod, down from his perch at the lick, and tearing through the brush into town, to give a most sensational account of a tooth and nail encounter with that terrible animal; in witness whereof, he exhibited his badly dilapidated garments, and the finding of his rifle on the field of battle, where it had been used, he asserted, in clubbing the ferocious animal, must, he thought, dispel all doubts as to his desperate fight. EXTRACTS FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, AND ORDERS OF THE COURTS. The board of commissioners for Highland county, G. W. Barrere, Nathaniel Pope, and Jonathan Boyd, at a meeting in New Market, on the fifth of January, 1807, ordered that Joseph Swearingen receive twenty dollars and forty-nine cents for collecting the State and county levies for Liberty township. The amount of the levies for that year, we are not able to give, but in 1809, the State levy of the township was two hundred and twenty dollars, and the county levy was one hundred and seventy-four dollars. At a session held on the second of March, which continued two days, the embryo town seems to have occupied a considerable share of its deliberations. Though Hillsborough had not been laid out, had not been named, and it had not been ascertained whether the land designated by the State commissioners, could be purchased, steps were taken by the board for the location of public highways from the future county seat, in different directions. William Reed, William Hill, and Samuel Evans, were ordered to view a route for a road from the point now known as Hillsborough to the mouth of the Rocky fork,' and Allen Trimble was ordered to survey the same. The opening of this road placed the new county seat in direct communication with Chillicothe, then the capital of the State. The viewers reported favorably, and the road was opened on the route now occupied by the pike. At the same time a road leading to Greenville, was ordered to be viewed by Evan Evans, William Williams, and John Matthews, sr.; said road to lead by Samuel Evans', Joseph Swearingen's, Phineas Hunt's, and Uriah Panlin's; and to be surveyed by Thomas Sanders. Another road was ordered to be viewed by Joseph Swearingen, Daniel Beals and William Pope, and surveyed by James Johnson, in a northely course from the newly located seat of justice, passing the houses of William Hill and James Johnson, to Intersect a road leading from Urbana to the county line. This road was opened, and is now known as the old Urbana road. At the next session of the board, on the first of May following, the same viewers were ordered to search out another road to Greenfield, "the nearest and best way," and to report the first day of June following, whether the new route or the one already reported, was most likely, in their judgment, to be beneficial to the public. The later survey is the road now known as the Greenfield road. At the June term of the board of this year, the road formerly known as the Stroup road, now vacated, by the pike west, was established, starting from the county seat and intersecting the Anderson State road at Joseph Vanmeter's. At the same session it was ordered that Mark Donald be paid seventeen dollars as lister, and that Joseph Knox be appointed collector, for Liberty township. The board of commissioners met pursuant to adjournment, on the twentieth of June. Ordered, that the public buildings be advertised, the twentieth of June, to be let on the twenty-seventh of July next at Hillsborough. On the 27th, the board met pursuant to adjournment. Ordered, that the jail of the county be sold to the lowest bidder, the sale to be at half after two o'clock of the same day. It was "sold" (that is to say, the building of it) at two hundred dollars, to Samuel Williamson, of Adams county. Ordered, also, that the court house of this county, at Hillsborough be sold to the highest bidder; which was done, and sold to John Shields, of Chillicothe, at three thousand, two hundred and fifty dollars. The commissioners received the bonds of the town ship collectors, also the bond of Williamson for building the jail, and the bond of Shields, seven thousand five hundred dollars, for building the court house, agreeably to the directions and plans given by the commissioners on the day of sale. Constable John Davidson was the crier of the sale of the public buildings, on the twenty- seventh of July, 1807, for which service the commissioners ordered that he receive five dollars. Job Smith, who was house appraiser this year in Liberty township, received as compensation one dollar. At the commencement of the work on the jail, in October, 1807, Hillsborough contained but one building, and that the little cabin of John Compton. At the January meeting of the board, 1808, several orders were made for the payment of bounty for wolf scalps, and one for the payment of one dollar and seventy-five cents, to Constable John Davidson for crying the iron work of the jail. An order was issued to Nathaniel Pope for thirty-four dollars for two locks for the jail and carriage on the same. John Carlisle was ordered to receive four dollars and six and a fourth cents for nails for the jail. At another meeting of the commissioners, at the cabin 352 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. of John Compton, Hillsborough, March 7, 1808, orders were made to pay for wolf scalps, and also to pay Williamson fifty-eight dollars and sixty-two cents, in part pay for the work on the jail; and on the next day an order for one hundred and twenty-one dollars and thirty-seven cents, for the balance of the work on the jail. As Mr. Williamson's contract entitled him to receive two hundreed dollars for building the first jail in Highland county, it is reasonable to conclude that the order for twenty dollars and one cent, has been lost from the archives of the county, At the same session of the board, Solomon Lupton received an order for seventy- four dollars and ninety-two cents, for the iron work of the jail, which weighed five hundred and fifty-five pounds. The spring term of Highland common pleas was held the same year, at Knox's tavern, in Hillsborough. Allen Trimble was appointed by the court, clerk and recorder. After accomplishing an amount of work quite phenomenal,_ the court adjourned in time for a roast venison dinner. The court kitchen, on this occasion, we are told, was improvised in the open air; and the same might be said of the grand jury room, which was a fallen tree under the spreading branches of the standing oaks. But whether the delicate aroma of the above named viand invaded this primitive seat of justice, thus betraying the secrets of the cuisine, and accelerating the administration of justice between man and man, it is impossible at this date to decide. The facts are before an impartial posterity—viz: a clean docket, and a barbecued doe. This doe, which furnished the piece de resistance of the feast, was, we are informed by an early chronicler, in some sort a peace offering to the august bench, having been brought in to Compton, the improvised " Blot" of the occasion, by Joe Hart, who was under recognizance for assault and battery. When the court adjourned for the night, those who were near enough to do so, went home, and took to their cabins, in true Highland hospitality, those who were from a distance. Judge Belt, Henry Brush, and Williams the prosecutor, accompanied Allen Trimble to his primitive home on Clear creek, while Judges Berryman and Davidson went out with their associate, Richard Evans, to his comfortable cabin, also on Clear creek. As the party accompanying Trimble approached his house, Williams' horse scared, and came near throwing him, at sight of a curious hominy pounder, the result of the yankee inventiveness of the host, and so constructed as to work night and day—the power being the run which carried the waste water from their spring. As has been already mentioned, the road from Clear creek to New Market was so completely closed that a circuitous route had to be made around the town. This road passed east of the clearings, and, circling around the hill, struck the road on the southwest. From Trimble's smith-shop branched another road to the Fitzpatrick settlement. This road passed out southeast of the town, and over the ridge, avoiding the Rocky Fork hills. The old road from New Market to Clear creek, passed down over the hills in nearly a straight line, a few rods east of where Fred Glasscock aferward lived, and on over the hill, by the old Chaney place, to the Rocky fork, at Joel Brown's, where it crossed the creek, Thence it passed direct to the Eagle spring, and from there, in almost a direct line, to the branch which crosses the south end of West street, and then over the hill a little west of the Walnut street school, After it passed the Academy hill north, it forked, and one prong led to Captain William Hill's, and the other to the Evans settlement lower down the creek. These were the only roads opened through the town. Others were cut out to the vicinity of the town limits, but the obstructions caused by the clearings and cutting of timber, forced all into the tracks, which were barely wide enough to admit a wagon. At the April election of this year, 1808, Enoch Smith, a carpenter, was elected an additional justice of the peace for Liberty township, and at the May session of the board it was ordered that the east part of Liberty should be included in the new town of Paint. The specifications for the court house foundations were also settled. The builders were required to make the same three feet thick. FIRST MILITIA MUSTER. In September of this year, the first general muster of the organized militia of the county, was held at Captain Billy Hill's, on Clear creek. Hillsborough was not yet adapted to the evolutions of the military, for the reason that its streets were barricaded in a manner to suggest to a Parisian, who might have found himself among its heavy timbers, that he was under the old regime, and the town was passing through a lively revolution, or in a state of siege. Captain Hill's meadow was therefore selected as the most suitable place for the drill. Six companies had already been formed, notwithstanding the fact that the county had been so recently organized, and that there had been so many foes to combat, in savage nature, animate and inanimate. The Liberty township men were commanded by Captain Samuel Evans, with Allen Trimble as lieutenant. G. W. Barrere, being the oldest captain and a military man, acted as adjutant for the time, and formed all of the companies into column, and when thus arranged they presented a fine appearance. They were mostly men in the prime of life, inured to hardship, toil, and privation, and the whole line of over five hundred exhibited a picture of manly vigor and humor rarely excelled. They were, in truth, a fine specimen of citizen soldiers in a new country. When assembled on the muster ground, falling short of the required number for a regiment, they were organized into a battalion under command of a major. When all was ready, a flourish of drums at one end of the line announced the approach of the commander, Major Anthony Franklin, He rode into the field on a handsome bay, well caparisoned, and, says a contemporary, apparently fully conscious of the importance of the position which he occupied. He was splendidly uniformed, and the only officer of the battalion who was in a blue coat of the Revolutionary style, turned up with buff, leather breeches and top boots, long sword, and cocked hat, adorned with a magnificent black ostrich feather. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 353 The whole uniform, including the sword, was that which his father had worn at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, and, as a matter of course, struck the "ranks" with amazement, and awed them into the most profound silence. It is worthy of record, also, that most of the rifles shouldered that day, had been either in the battles of the Revolution, and were the only bequests of dying heroes to their sons, or had been used still later in the many border frays with the Indians. They were therefore borne with just pride on this occasion. One rifle, that of James Trimble, carried on that drill, and still in the family, was that used by his father, Captain Trimble, at the memorable and bloody battle of "the Point," which was fiercely fought by the gallant Virginians from daylight to dark. The companies, with the exception of Barrere's riflemen, were uniformed. The riflemen wore white hunting shirts, and presented a fine appearance. Every man wore his best, however, as the occasion was looked upon as one of marked interest and importance, The officers were distinguished by their swords, the old long, broad swords of the Revolution, and many of them had seen service in that glorious conflict. In the same company were to be seen men in the full uniform of the revolutionary era, except the hat, and men in the peculiar costume of the pioneer of that day —the shad-bellied coat, knee-breeches and long stockings, and the leather breeches and hunting-shirt, at the side of which hung the otter and wolf-skin shot pouch. And that these men were worthy sons of noble sires, was shown by the part borne by Highland county in the war of 182, which came to test their patriotism and bravery, sooner it may be than any thought, on that pleasant September day, that witnessed the first militia muster in the county of Highland. For the benefit of that much wronged class called in these degenerate days "Young America," it must be left on record that, on this great occasion, the boy population, very properly, was well represented, some coming from a distance of ten or fifteen miles to witness the display. The small boys, still in the gingerbread-eating age, who were so unhappy as to arrive after all the seats on the upper rail of Billy Hill's fence were taken, occupied the fence corners, as there must be no risk of getting in the way of the wheeling columns. But their older brothers, who had listened to the stories of the heroic deeds of their fathers and grandfathers, and had read, it may be, Caesar's campaigns, formed a mounted body-guard, by appropriating some of the many horses that had been ridden to town, and attended the resplendent commanding officer, at a respectful distance, during the continuance of the manceuvers, rising in their stirrups in the intensity of their admiration of the major's sonorous, "Attention, battalion !" As it is constantly asserted that "boys will be boys," it must be safe to predicate that boys were boys, and this being admitted, there is little reason to doubt that after that day's experience, they felt quite competent to command an army made up of the fathers, and considered themselves adepts in the drill of the Baron de Steuben, MORE ABOUT EARLY SETTLERS. Early in March, 1806, James Fitzpatrick moved from Chillicothe to this county, and settled on the farm after. wards owned by Andrew Hatt, southwest of Hillsborough. Mr. Fitzpatrick had emigrated from Monroe county, Virginia. He had been a soldier in the Revolution, and was induced to remove to the rich lands of the Scioto in his sixtieth year, to gratify the wishes of a large family of children. Sickness in Chillicothe induced him to change to Highland county. The family was among the earliest Methodists in the county, and their house, which was superior to most of the frontier cabins, was for more than twenty years the preaching place of Peter Cartwright and James Quinn. He soon had the best peach orchard in the county, and an abundance of honey. His house was always a favorite stopping place for the self-sacrificing pioneer Methodist circuit rider, and perhaps no place at that day in southern Ohio offered more attractions than the hospitable and unpretending home of the Fitzpatricks. Two unmarried sisters of this family, Esther and Betsey, lived together more than sixty years. Betsey lived to a great age. The six sisters, as was not unusual in that early time, walked from Virginia to Ohio. In the autumn of 1806, Matthew Creed, a brother-in- law of James Fitzpatrick, also a Revolutionary soldier, and a near neighbor in Virginia, settled within a half a mile of him in Highland county. His family was large and mostly grown, and, as they were Methodists, this acquisition added much to the strength of that church. A year or two after Mr. Creed settled, he erected a horsepower mill, which was much needed, as the settlers in the vicinity had to carry their grain to Porter's mill, beyond New Market, Creed's mill stood for twenty years, and was resorted to for miles around. It sometimes happened that men from ten to twelve miles had to wait three or four days, in a thronged time, before their turn came. At such times, late in the fall, it was no uncommon thing to see half a dozen persons sitting by a log fire out of , doors, the teams hitched near by with their gears on, and the men cracking jokes and patiently waiting their turn to grind. And, when the time came, each man furnished his own motive power, and, hitching his horses to the sweep, they traveled in a circuit until the corn was crushed, Then, finally, he was ready to pack, and turning his horses' heads homeward, he was soon lost in the solitudes of the far-stretching forests. The first wheat ground on the Upper Rocky fork, was ground at Creed's mill. He had no bolting apparatus, and the flour had to be sifted by hand, But then the wheat was reaped with a sickle, threshed on the ground with a flail, and winnowed by means of a sheet, swung by two stout persons. Who doubts that the bread made from that flour had a sweetness which their descendants fail to find in that made from the latest improved process? Old Mr. Creed was a great hunter, but he learned to economize time and ammunition by trapping turkeys in a pen, and was so successful that he often had twenty or thirty in his pen at one time. In the spring of 1806, Frederick Fraley moved with his family from the Scioto valley, and settled on-the farm 45 554 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. afterward settled by Adam Miller, about four miles southeast from Hillsborough. He was originally from Pennsylvania, and was a very skilful blacksmith, his smith shop being the first on the Rocky fork, He was particularly noted for the excellence of his axes, for which there was a great demand. Matthew Creed, jr., and Jeremiah Smith came from Virginia two years previous to the removal of the Creed and Kirkpatrick families. They worked wherever they could find work to do, and, soon after the Fitzpatricks came, Smith married Sally Fitzpatrick and settled down near his father-in-law. He died about the year 1857, and was esteemed a worthy and useful citizen. Mr. Daniel Scott, from whose series of papers we are gleaning, says that the first coffin made on the Rocky fork was made for George Weaver, in 1806, by Jeremiah Smith. As there was no saw-mills, no sawed plank was to be had, and the material was obtained by splitting the lumber out of a walnut log. Esther and Nancy Fitzpatrick assisted their brother-in-law in the spirit which characterized pioneer women, and they worked nearly all night, in order to have it ready by the hour appointed for the funeral. In the spring of this year, Joseph Hart settled on the Rocky fork, with a family of two grown sons and two daughters. They were from North Carolina, and packed out all the way on horseback, the men and girls walking. The men were hunters, and relied mostly upon the woods for subsistence. Our readers will not fail to recognize the caterer of the grand jury in the spring of 1808. During the year 1808, Joel Patterson settled permanently on the farm which he bought three years before, and which was afterward owned by J. M. Trimble. Mr. Patterson built a mill, and, in connection with it, carried on a distillery. His house was built on the southeast side of one of those converging hill-points which approach the present Ripley pike, south of the old tollgate. All in the rear of his house was thick woods. The house was partly of hewed logs, and in part a frame, It was large for the time, having several rooms, and a porch in front gave it an air of comfort not common at that day. Mr. Patterson had a large and interesting family of sons and daughters, and for many years he maintained a high reputation for the old-fashioned genuine hospitality which was characteristic of the county in the first half of the century. That oddly fashioned, hospitable old house of the Pattersons, which was known for miles around as a pleasant place to visit, was especially pleasant to the mill-boy, who, having left his father's cabin at daylight many miles off, with his bag of corn on his horse, and having often to wait hours for his "turn," was certain to be invited to the house, to be warmed and refreshed with food. But it would now be difficult to point out the precise location on which stood the house, the old mill and everything else pertaining to the improvements made by this worthy family. In November of this year (1808), a bear was killed on the Rocky fork, and the meat distributed through the whole neighborhood, so soon had bear's meat become a rarity, Mr. Patterson first got upon the trail, but before it was captured a large number of the pioneer hunters, with their dogs, had joined the hunt, and were in at the death. During the year 1809, John Smith removed from New Market to Hillsborough, and there opening a store, became (as is elsewhere related) one of the prominent merchants of the new town. It was in October, 1808, that the Woodrow family arrived in Hillsborough, and took quarters in Lang's tailor shop on Beech street. The family consisted of ten persons, all adults, Joshua Woodrow, sr., was a Quaker, and, of course, most of his family were of the same faith. Joshua Woodrow, jr., on his arrival, hired all the carpenters and hands he could, and quite late in the fall erected quite a comfortable hewed log house, into which he moved before Christmas. The house stood some rods north of the corner, on which the Woodrow house now stands. William Joslin, a Jerseyman, moved into Hillsborough from New Market in 1808, and continued a citizen for more than twenty-five years. His house stood on the lot afterward owned by Dr. E. Holmes, on Main street. He served as constable for many years, and was a model officer of his class, always maintaining the dignity of the office and of the law, with commendable zeal. Joslin was also keeper of the jail for many years, and while principal constable of Liberty township, he inspired not a little terror among delinquent debtors, as he cantered through the country on his grey pony, with large pocketbook in the side-pocket of his jeans frock coat, heavy riding whip in hand, and full of official importance. COURT RECORDS AND MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS. A true bill of indictment was found against Squire Hinkson, of Richland township, for retailing spirituous liquors contrary to law. This was done at the October term of the court of common pleas of Highland county, held at the tavern of William Barnett, in the town of Hillsborough, October 24, 1808. It being the first case of the kind in the county, and as all classes, even preachers, then drank whiskey, and kept it in their houses, considerable interest was felt in the result. From the records of the court it appears that the attorneys for the commonwealth, and the said Thomas Hinkson, in his own person, appeared, and 'say he is not guilty of the charge alleged against him in the indictment," whereupon, the attorney NI the commonwealth enter a nolle prosequi, and the said defendant was discharged without day. The only law in force against the sale of intoxicating drinks, was one making it penal to sell to Indians; and it was doubtless under this statute that Hinkson was indicted. Richland township, in which Thomas Hinkson was a justice of the peace, has shared the fate of the kingdom of Poland, and has been partitioned out among her neighbors. The annual election for State and county officers was held on the eleventh of October, 1808, and the election for Liberty township was held for the first time in Hillsborough, at the tavern of William Barnett, on Beech street. At the session of the county commissioners, in HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 355 1809, the principal business transacted was paying for killing wolves, settling with township collectors, and ordering the opening of roads. Samuel Harvey, collector of Liberty township, at the first meeting, was ordered to he credited with sixty-seven and a half cents, delinquencies in his township, and to be paid thirty-five dollars and seventy-four cents for his services as said collector. At the second term of the supreme court for the county of Highland, which was held in October, 1808 (the first term having been held in 1806), the clerk of both courts, David Hays having died, Allen Trimble was appointed in his place. At this term of the court James Daniels, one of the first school-masters of Liberty township, was admitted to the bar, as an attorney and counselor at law, and solicitor in chancery. At the same session the first divorce case in Highland came up for hearing. This was the petition of Simon Shoemaker against his wife, Elizabeth. After hearing the testimony, the court dismissed the bill at the plaintiff's cost. On the fourth of November, 1809, occurred the first presidential election after the organization of Highland county. The second term of Thomas Jefferson expired on the fourth of March, 1810, and his successor, James Madison, took his seat at that time, but not through the votes of the Highland yeomanry, as, for some reason not now easily explained, the election was not participated in by the people of Highland county. The fact which has been stated on reliable authority, that in 1809, only two newspapers were regularly received in Highland county, and those by two brothers, Jonathan and Joel Berryman, of New Market, may throw some light on the matter. And when it is further known that but one post- office existed in the county, that at New Market, and that papers and letters from the old States were often three or four months in reaching the pioneer cabin for which they were designed, it will be seen that had such a thing as a "daily" been published in that era of Highland history, there would have been small inducement even for "clubs" among the early pioneers. For though they might have been equal to the management of a weekly, delivered once a month, a daily, accumulating for three months, dumped into one of those little cabins of which we have been reading, might have proved a plague almost equal to the squirrel visitation of 1807. And yet, with the facility exhibited by these admirable people for utilizing everything that came in their way, we can imagine the speedily illuminated cabin walls, that would have followed such an inundation. And sorry we are, that the good housewives of that day were deprived of the comfort of a daily newspaper. No fear of rattlesnakes entering between the chinks and ensconsing themselves under the children's pillows, if she had been thus armed. And that, surely, was of more practical importance to them than the presidential election from which we have wandered. It may be of interest to some, to know that the two papers that found their way into Highland in 1809, were the Scioto Gazette, and the Weekly Recorder, both published at Chillicothe. It has been claimed that the latter was the first religious paper published in the United States. It doubtless was the first published in the west. ORGANIZATION OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterians (as related in the history of the Hillsborough churches) organized a church on Clear creek, in 1806, which was served by Rev. Robert Dobbins part of one year. This organization, after several removals, settled in Hillsborough, and was the nucleus of the present flourishing church of this town. The first place of preaching was at a cabin-built house on the land of Samuel Evans. The Rev. Mr. Dobbins officiated at the organization. The church at this time consisted of five members, three of whom were women. The Rev. James Hoge, of Columbus, preached occasionally for them without charge. While located in the country, the congregation was called the Nazareth church, and belonged to Washington presbytery. The first church built was a hewed log house, and stood on a plat of ground owned by Richard Evans. The building was standing in 1858, and was occupied as a dwelling house. The first Presbytery held in Highland county was appointed to meet in Nazareth church. The Rev. Joshua L. Wilson, of Cincinnati, had recently moved to that place, and wanted to attach himself to the presbytery about to meet at Nazareth. He came on the road recently cut through Williamsburgh, inquiring at every clearing he passed for Nazareth church; but none of the new settlers had ever heard of such a place, this side of the land of Israel, and he began to think that sure enough he would never find it this side of Jordan. He found it, however, at a school-house where they met, previous to the building of the church. At that day, owing more to the smallness of the houses than to the largeness of the congregations, the meetings, in pleasant weather, were often held in the open air, in some pleasant grove adjacent to the church. The preachers occupied a tent made of planks or slabs, and the seats were of split logs, flat rails, or round logs. The canopy above was the blue sky and green foliage, and the carpet beneath, the fallen leaves and the green sward. And yet the people counted these meetings precious seasons. SOME OF THE FIRST MILLS AND CLOCKS. In 1806 or 1807, Asa Hunt, a Quaker, who came out from North Carolina a year before, erected a small water- mill at the falls of Swearingen's branch, where he lived. This mill was a great convenience to the settlers. Shortly after this Amos Evans erected a small tub-mill on Clear creek, near his house, where the barefooted boys from all quarters were almost always to be seen, waiting the slow process of cracking the corn into hominy or meal, as was required, Old Edward Chaney, the preacher mentioned above, was the miller, who always had a kind or cheerful word for the boys, frequently entertaining them with a game of fox and geese with grains of corn, while their grist was lazily passing out of the hopper. Hominy in the winter, in the early days on Clear creek, was almost indispensable; and to prepare it in good style, by pounding in the usual way, in a mortar, with an iron wedge fastened to a pestle, was a most laborious process. At the springs at which the Trimbles settled, there was 356 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO quite a fall in the branch. This suggested to Allen Trimble the idea of a hominy-mill by water, and he went to work and constructed one which, though rough and simple, was efficient, and as constant in its work as the flow of water from the spring. By this means he not only liberated his own household from the bondage of pounding, but many of his neighbors enjoyed the benefits of Trimble's hominy-mill. The first brass clock known to have been brought to the county, was brought by Mrs, Jane Trimble, in the fall of 1805. The second was brought from Virginia by Joshua Woodrow, sr., in 1808. It swung its long pendulum in a heavy black walnut case, eight feet high, and of Virginia manufacture. For many years this was not only the only clock in town, but the regulator of all the bulls-eye watches in the place. THE FIRST COURT-HOUSE. The foundation of the court-house, which was commenced the first of August, 1808, progressed rapidly, and was completed in a few days. Much of the stone used in laying it was very worthless; but the opinion then prevailed that good building stone was not to be found in the vicinity, and the commissioners thought, doubtless, that the material was all that could be expected. The brick for the structure had first been made by Shields and Pye, and while it was cooling the foundation had been laid, so that by the middle of the month the brick work was commenced and pushed with the energy characteristic of the contractor. No ceremonies, usual at this day when a great public building is commenced, marked the beginning of the erection of the first court-house in Highland. It was, however, a large building for that day; and, as it was the frrst brick burlding in the county, it attracted much attention, far and near. This building was about forty feet square, but no plans or specifications can be found other than those already given, It stood thirty-three feet from both High and Main streets, and had a large door fronting each of these streets. The sills of these doors, which were nearly level with the ground, were of sandstone, and brought from near Sinking Springs. :The window sills were of the same material. The house was square, except a recess in the western wall, occupied by the judges' seats. Two large, old-fashioned fire-places, in which burned immense woodpiles in cold weather, were on opposite sides of the bench. The bar was partitioned off between these, and immediately in front of the court, The floor, outside of the bar, was paved with brick, and on either side of the east door were raised seats for spectators. A profusion of large windows gave an abundance of light and air. The 'upper story was supported by large fluted wooden pillars, and the whole inside wood work was painted brown, The upper ceiling was divided into four rooms. The brick work was completed late in the fall, and the building partly enclosed before winter, but the carpenter work was not finished until the following summer. We have given enough of the items at command, to show that this first court house of Highland county was, considering all the circumstances of its erection, very much more than simply a respectable structure. Built in a dense forest, only ten years after the first settlement within the boundaries of the county, and while every one of the pioneers was living in log cabins, the erection of such a building was a fair exponent of the character of many of the men who were heroically undergoing all the privations of pioneer life, because they could see in the near future advantages secured to themselves and their children, which outweighed present privations and inconveniences. MISCELLANEOUS SETTLEMENTS. Christopher Arthur was born in Lynchburgh, Virginia, December 15, 1798, and came to Highland county in the winter of 1809. He spent the first winter in Fairfield township, where Leesburgh now is, with John Walters, and attended school. He was the youngest of seven brothers, and his mother having died when he was but two years old, his home was with his uncles, who lived in Fairfield. Afterward he lived with his older brother, Pleasant Arthur, and, still later, was associated with him in business. This brother lived five miles from Hillsborough, and in 182 both moved to town. Pleasant Arthur was a skilled master carpenter, and of him Christopher learned the trade of carpenter and cabinet maker, and continued with him until he was twenty-one. The brothers were among the principal builders in the town, during the time that a better class of dwellings was taking the place of the first log cabins. Christopher continued in Hillsborough, working at his trade, until 1851. He was one of the contractors in building Governor Trimble's place and the court house, and his last job was on Colonel William H, Trimble's residence. In 1851 he removed to the farm of two hundred acres on Clear creek, which he had purchased twenty-five years before, and where he now resides. In March, 1820, he was married to Nancy Rhoades. They have had twelve children, eleven arriving at maturity. Eight sons and two daughters are still living. William R. has lived for several years in Chicago, and was, for some years, superintendent of the Illinois Central railroad. Samuel, the second son, lives in southern Illinois, and is a farmer. The third son, Thomas, died in infancy. Pleasant Arthur, the fourth son, lives in Champaign, Illinois, formerly a carpenter, but now a farmer. Margaret, Mrs. Evans, died in 1854. John R. lives in Kansas—also a farmer. Mary Elizabeth, Mrs. Glenn, a widow, lives with her father. Sarah Jane, Mrs. Hill, resides on Clear creek. Charles B. lives in Burlington, Iowa, and is second foreman in a machine shop. Joseph Henry lives in Council Bluffs, and is agent for the Blue Line Transportation company. John William lives at home, unmarried. Dudley C. lives on a part of the home farm. Captain Benjamin Arthur, the father of Christopher Arthur, served in the war of the Revolution, and came to Ohio to join his sons in 1818, and died in March, 1820, eighty- three years of age, at the home of his son, Pleasant Arthur. Mrs, Christopher Arthur died May 27, 1874. Richard Evans, one of the earliest associate judges of Highland county, was born June 6, 1764, in Pennsylva- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 357 nia. He had married Mary Pierce, born in 1774, August 17, before removing to Kentucky, in 1788. They had fifteen children, ten sons and five daughters, twelve living to mature age. The third son, Noah, born in Kentucky, in 1795, married Elizabeth Robinson, of Chillicothe, October 21, 1819. They resided near Bloomingburgh, Fayette county, until 1836, when he bought his father's farm, and returned to the old home on Clear creek. Of the ten children born to them, (four sons and six daughters) eight are still living. Mrs. Elizabeth (Evans) Linn and John L. Evans are still living on the north part of the old farm, which was purchased by Robert A. Linn, in the spring of 1866. Mr. R. A. Linn was married to Elizabeth Evans; daughter of Noah Evans, in 1857. In 1858 the farm was divided, James R. Evans taking charge of the homestead and that part lying south of the Chillicothe pike, until the fall of 1864, when it was purchased by Jacob Pennington, who at once took possession, James R, Evans removing to Tuscola, Douglass county, Illinois. Noah Evans removed to Hillsborough in 1858, and returned in the spring of 1860, to the north portion of the old farm, and built the brick house in the valley, opposite the old homestead, Here he resided until the autumn of 1865, when he again returned to Hillsborough, where he made his home until his death in 1871. He died while on a visit to two of his daughters, in western Missouri. His first wife died March 1864. He was subsequently married to Harriet H. Hop-' kins, of Ripley, who died September 22, 1873. R. A. Linn and wife have six children, two sons and four daughters. The old brick house, built by Judge Evans about the year 1809, and believed to be the first brick dwelling in the county (the old court house, built in 1808, being the first brick building), is still standing, and is likely to weather the storms of another half century. The venerable structure is known familiarly in the family, as the "Ark," but whether the reference is to its great age, or to its shape, or to the scripture and christian name of its last proprietor, in the Evans line, the writer is not informed. This branch of, the Evans family, represented by Samuel Evans and sons, came from Wales about 1720 or 1730, and settled in Maryland. Hugh, the father of the family which came to Highland county, removed to Pennsylvania in 1785. William Ambrose, jr., was born in Berkeley county, Virginia, in 1805, and came to Highland county with his parents in 1814. His father settled in New Market township, and purchased six 'hundred and twenty acres of land, for which he paid eleven hundred dollars. Although he never owned slaves himself, he left Virginia principally on account of his strong objection to slavery. He was a local preacher, first among the Methodists, and afterward among the United Brethren, leaving the Methodists partly for the same reason for which he emigrated from Virginia, viz: his dislike of slavery and disapproval of secret societies. William Ambrose, sr., had ten children—seven boys and three girls. One died in infancy in Virginia, and one was born here. Three sons and a daughter are still living. Mathias Ambrose is liv ing in Illinois, and Lewis in Missouri, and both are United Brethren preachers. William Ambrose, jr., removed from New Market to Liberty township in 1868, and is now living on the Danville pike, a little west of the town of Hillsborough. James S. Ervin was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, January 12, 1804. Jared and Sally Ervin, the parents of James S., had nine children five sons and four daughters, James being the oldest. One died in infancy, and the remaining eight are all living at the present time, 1880. The family removed from Virginia to Hillsborough in 1814. In 1835 Mr. Ervin was hurried to Jane C. Dunkan from Pennsylvania. They have had two daughters, only one of whom is now living. George Rhoads was born in Virginia in 1791, and came to Ohio about 1815. He settled at first in Paint township, but after a year or two came to Liberty township, and bought a farm of one hundred acres on Byrd's survey. He had ten children, eight of whom are now living. One of these, Isaac Rhoads, the tanner and business man of Hillsborough, has two brothers working with him, and one brother is in business in Columbus. Jacob Duckwall was born on the twenty-fifth of February, 1795, at Warm Springs, Berkeley county, Virginia. He came to Liberty township with his parents, Lewis D. and Susanna Duckwall, in 1810. Mr. Duckwall and John Fenner bought together in the Temple Elhott survey, eleven hundred acres of land, at two dollars and twenty-five cents per acre, which is now worth nearly one hundred dollars per acre. L. D. Duckwall had seven sons and three daughters, all of whom came with him to Highland county, and all of whom are still living. Jacob Duckwall has been thrice married, the first time to Margaret Manly in 1816; the second time to Delilah Manker about 1830, and the third time to Sarah E. Akens in 1862. He has had five children—four sons and one daughter. The daughter has been dead many years, but the sons are all living, the youngest, Jacob, jr., being now (1880) but eight years old. Henry Hiestand was born in Liberty township in 1824. His parents, John and Sarah (Sprinkle) Hiestand, came from Pennsylvania in 1805. His grandparents, Jacob and Mary Hiestand, settled in Brush Creek township, and died there. Jacob Hiestand removed to Liberty township in 1823, and bought over one hundred acres of land in Byrd's survey. Henry Hiestand owns the old homestead, and has added to it several hundred acres. He was married in 1853, to Ellen Moberly. They have two children—Orissa Belle, married to Elisha S. Ervin, and residing on a part of the estate; and John Henry, still on the old homestead with his parents. Samuel Lysle was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, in 1815, His parents, Samuel and Eleanor (Finley) Lysle, came first to Concord and purchased a farm there, of over four hundred acres. About five years after, this farm was divided between his two oldest sons, Finley and William, and two hundred acres were purchased in Liberty township, about five miles east of Hillsborough, on the Rocky Fork, to which he removed, with his parents, in childhood. Here his mother died in 1835, and his 358 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. father in 1842. There were three daughters—Sally, who married James Glasgow, and died in 1875; Jane, who married Reuben Ervin, and is now a widow; and Nancy, who remarned unmarried, and lives with her brother, Samuel. Finley and William died in Concord township. Samuel, jr., was married in 1841, to Mary Black, of Virginia, and has seven children—Margaret Ann, Sarah E., Robert M., Mary E., Alice J., Charles A., and Hettie E. Joseph Glascock was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, in 1808, and came to Liberty towship, Highland county, Ohio, in 1829. His parents, Eli and Susanna Glascock, came at the same time. He purchased land in the east part of the township, on which he settled and remained ten or twelve years, and then went into the mercantile business in New Boston. After several years he removed to Hillsborough, and opened a store there about 1852. Afterward bought a farm two and a half miles west of town, where he resided several years, and then returned to town, where he died in 1874. His father died in 1844, and his mother ten years later. He was married in 1843, to Alcinda Stone, who is still living. They had four children, one daughter and three sons, viz: Jennie, Henry, Albert, and Frank. J. Branson Worley, son of Andrew Worley, was born on Clear creek, in 1856. Andrew Worley was born in Highland county, near Petersburgh, in 1826, and was the son of one of the earliest settlers in the county. His grandfather, Jacob Worley, came from North Carolina early in the century and settled in Highland county. Andrew Worley married Mary Cunningham in 1845. Her father, Andrew Cunningham, came from Pennsylvania, about 1816. Andrew Worley died in June, 1862, leaving two children--J. Branson Worley, a successful teacher, and Mary, who resides with her mother, on Clear creek. G. W. Boatman was born in Concord township in 1814, His father, Elias Boatman, was in the war of 182, at Detroit with Hull. He was born in Kentucky, from which State he came with his father, William Boatman, among the earliest settlers in New Market, where he died about 1840, aged ninety-six years. He was in the Revolutionary war, and was a pensioner. G, W. Boatman married Nancy Cunningham in 1837. They have had eleven children, six of whom are still living. Isaac Larkin was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in 1833. His parents, John S. and Sarah (Yost) Larkin, came to Samantha about 1836, the grandparents, Joseph and Rachel (Reese)' Larkin, coming at the same time. Their ancestry were members of the Society of Friends. The grandmother died near Samantha, at the age of ninety-one. In 1865 Isaac Larkin was married to Sarah Baskin, whose father was a prominent man in the county. Her father and grandparents were among the earliest settlers in the county. They have two children, both living. Robert Rogers was born in Virginia in 1794. He came with his parents, early in the century, first to Adams county, where he lived until he arrived at his majority, when he removed to Clear Creek settlement, Liberty township. Here he purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres of the Baytop survey, and lived there until his death, in 1858. He married Nancy McFarland, daughter of Arthur McFarland, in 1815. They have had twelve children, five of whom, three sons and two daughters, are still living. Robert Wilson Rogers, the eleventh child, now fifty years old, lives on the Hillsborough and Vienna pike, five miles from Hillsborough. Ezekiel Kelley came from Maryland to Ross county in 1797, and settled at the "high bank" on the Scioto. He remained five years, when he removed to Liberty township, purchasing one hundred acres in the Ballard surveys, the same in which lay the Ellicott purchase, which furnished the original plat of Hillsborough. At the time of his removal, his family consisted of himself, wife (Catharine Speak), and four sons—Nicholas, Michael, James, and Ezekiel. Ten children were born on the farm in Liberty township, two of them being daughters, who are still living. Mrs. Hott lives near the old homestead, and her sister, Mrs. Courtney, lives in Iowa. Two 0nly of the twelve sons are living, James in Washington township, and Aaron on the old place, three miles southeast of town. Aaron Kelley was married, in February, 1845, to Lydia Cravens, of Marshall township. They have had eleven children, of whom seven are still living. Ezekiel Kelley died in March, 1858, and his wife, in December, 1857. The farm consists now of two hundred and five acres. There was a deer-lick near his father's house, where, 'being an excellent shot, he was in the habit of killing many deer. Tuesdays and Fridays were the days on which he regularly apprised his neighbors that they could be supplied with what venison they wanted, gratis. Aaron Kelley's wife died March 27, 1878. Stephen Willet was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, in 1789, and came to Liberty township in 1814. He worked by the month on farms about three years, and purchased a farm on the Chillicothe pike, three miles from Hillsborough. This farm was sold and one bought between the Rocky fork and Clear creek, on which he lived until 1836, when he purchased a farm of one hundred and thirty acres located on the Belfast pike, adjoining the town, where he has ever since resided. He was married in 1819, to Sarah Chaney, of Liberty township. They had eight children, and all of them are living in the vicinity of Hillsborough, except James, who has settled in Iowa. Their names, in the order of their ages, are as follows : Samuel, James, Moses, Thomas, Mary, John, Nathan, and Gabriel. John Miller was born in Green county, Pennsylvania, in September, 1809. His parents were Henry and Jane (John) Miller; he a native of Pennsylvania and she of Virginia. He came with his parents to Concord township in 1818, where his father had purchased a farm. He had four brothers and five sisters, of whom three brothers and two sisters are still living. John, the seventh child of Henry Miller, married, in 1834, Rhesa Wright, of Concord township. They have had three children, all of whom are now living. Both of Mr. Miller's parents died in Concord township. John removed to Liberty township, in 1877, and still owns a part of the old farm in Concord township. He owns sixteen acres where he HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 359 now lives, near Hillsborough. His son, F. M, Miller, is engaged in the grocery business in Hillsborough. F. M. is the oldest of the children, and the only son. The daughters are Louisa Jane, and Sarah E., and all are married. J, N. Hogsett was born in Liberty township, in 1832. His parents, Thomas and Hannah (Ervin) Hogsett, came from Augusta county, Virginia, about lap. Mr. Thomas Hogsett died in 1840, and his wife in 1870. J. N. was the eldest of four children, and after the death of his father, the whole family lived five years with R. B. Ervin, and then returned to the homestead, which is still in possession of the heirs. Mr. Hogsett was married in April, 1857, to Hannah Ellen Hughes, daughter of Hon. John L. Hughes, of Marshall township. They have seven children, four sons and three daughters. In March, 1879, Mr. Hogsett was appointed superintendent of the Highland county infirmary; a difficult position for both himself and wife, but one, it is believed, they are filling to the great advantage of the unfortunate class committed to their charge. At the recent annual meeting of the board of commissioners (March, 1880) Mr. Hogsett was reappointed to this most responsible position. He also holds the office of statistical correspondent of the department of agriculture, Washington, having been appointed in 1878. Dempsey Garrett emigrated from Cabell county, Virginia, to Ohio, in 1809, and settled in Madison township, Highland county, where he remained seven years. He then removed to his present residence, in the southeast corner of Liberty township, on the "pigeon roost" road. His family consisted of eight children, all now living. One in Missouri, one in Indiana, five in this State, and one in the west. One son, M. A. Garrett, lives in the north part of Jackson township, where he is engaged in farming and stock raising. Joel Brown was an enterprising and industrious settler near Hillsborough, as early as 1805. He came from Culpeper county, Virginia, with his family, in company with two sisters—the widow Pusey and three sons, George, Joel and William, and another sister, the wife of Daniel Inskeep, a local Methodist preacher. These families all settled southeast of Hillsborough, on the Rocky fork, and were considered an acquisition by the early settlers in Highland, in point of morals, industry and refinement, The young Puseys opened a farm and supported their mother, but, leaving one after another and returning east, they became wealthy merchants of Baltimore, Leesburgh, and Pittsburgh. The youngest son, William, remained until the death of his mother, and returned to his brother in Pittsburgh, about 1821. Both the Browns and Puseys were Quakers, or Friends. Joel Pusey was about eighteen years old at the beginning of the war of 1812; and, being in Hillsborough when a general muster was held for raising volunteers, his patriotism was so aroused by an appeal from the patriot orator, William Trimble, that he joined the ranks, laying aside the Quaker garb to assume that of the soldier. He was in doubt, however, about the propriety of leaving his widowed mother, and, advising with his friends, reluctantly abandoned the march to Detroit. Afterward he removed to Indiana, and became a merchant. Mrs. Daniel Inskeep was a lady of rare excellence, possessing all the virtues of an industrious and devoted matr0n, and was of a character well adapted to a pioneer civilization. Her house was always the hospitable home of all strangers, where comfort, neatness, and industry pervaded every department. The practical quality of her mind was shown by the invention and introduction of a pioneer article of usefulness, peculiarly adapted to the times, when closed carriages were almost unknown, and horseback riding was the common mode of traveling for both sexes, and for long as well as shorter journeys. The finer fur hats were costly, and liable to injury from exposure; and the invention was a fine tissue silk oilcloth, prepared in flax-seed oil, cut to fit the hat loosely, and secured under the brim by a silken cord, displaced in later times by the elastic rubber cord. This protector was in general use by elderly men, and especially by the itinerant preachers. The large silk and fur bonnets, worn by the women of that time, were protected in a similar manner. The colors worn were drab and green, and the price paid for one, from a dollar to a dollar and fifty cents. Mrs. Inskeep furnished these hat and bonnet protectors to the stores in Hillsborough and other cities, and from their sale derived quite a revenue. The writer, whose early life was spent in central New York, can testify that this fashion was very general in that State, thirty and forty years since, and does not doubt that in the band-boxes of many careful old ladies of the present day the "oil-silk protector" may be found, in close proximity to the best bonnet. Few inventors have had a more numerous following than Mrs. Inskeep. One son, Daniel Inskeep, became a successful merchant of Hillsborough, but most of the family moved west. The descendants of Joel Brown are still citizens of Highland county. General John W. Pope, the youngest son of Nathaniel Pope, who settled in Highland in 1803, six miles north of Hillsborough, went into the mercantile business in this town in 1815. Nathaniel Pope erected one of the first brick houses in the place, on the site of the Masonic building, in 1811. It was afterward occupied by Dr. Boyd as a residence, and by E. P. Bently as a tavern. John Pope was well known in society, as he was a frne specimen of the generous and hospitable owner of a large estate, and made many friends through Ohio and Kentucky. He married a lady of Winchester, Virginia, Miss Ridgway, and reared a large family of sons, and two daughters. Two of the sons, Leroy and Algernon, were lawyers, one was a judge of Clinton county, and the youngest, Carey Trimble Pope, was elected sheriff of the county, and colonel in the service of the United States, in 186z. A son-in-law, Thomas M. Sanders, was a man of fine character and of great worth, and was for Many years county surveyor. John Matthews was an early emigrant from North Carolina, who settled on Clear creek, three miles north- 360 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. east of Hillsborough, in 1805, making his tent in the woods, and suspending his provisions for safety from the beech limbs near his camp. His cabin was soon built, and the clearing commenced on the farm now owned by Coleman Selph. This farm contained about two hundred acres, and was in Baytop's survey, number two thousand three hundred and twenty-five, Mr. Matthews proved a most valuable citizen. He taught the first school at the Sam Evans school-house, two and a half miles east of the present town of Hillsborough, in the winter of 1806, a year and a half before the town was laid out. In 1807 he was elected the first magistrate in Liberty township, over James Daniels, a young lawyer and school-teacher of Hillsborough. Mr. Matthews pursued the even tenor of his way as a magistrate, teacher and farmer, and reached the position of associate judge of Highland county, which he held for many years, with honor to himself and with the cordial respect of the public. He was married in 1824 to Mary Hussey, and had a family of twelve children, nine of whom are still living. One of the older sons, Christopher Matthews, now of Hillsborough, studied medicine, and was for many years a successful practitioner, and represented the county in the Ohio legislature. Another son, Albert G. Matthews studied law, was a probate judge of Highland, and is now in successful practice in Hillsborough. A third son, John Matthews, of Wilmington, was a probate judge of Clinton county. Albert G. Matthews was married on the eighth of January, 1846, to Margaret J. McDowell. They have four children living. Carey A. Matthews, a grandson of John Matthews, sr., is a young lawyer, practicing at the Highland county bar. Another grandson, also, of General J. McDowell, is a captain in the Thirteenth regiment, Ohio national guard, of the Hillsborough infantry, and a merchant of Hillsborough, Pleasant Arthur came to Hillsborough in 1806, from Campbell county, Virginia, with his father-in-law, John Timberlake, a Quaker gentleman of wealth, who purchased land five miles north of Hillsb0rough, near Samantha. There were several brothers—Samuel and Charles, who went to Green county; and Christopher, the youngest, who is still living near the town. They were sons of Captain Samuel Arthur, of the Revolution. Pleasant Arthur was a skilled master-carpenter, and a man of great activity and usefulness among the pioneers. He and his brother, Christopher Arthur, were the builders of nearly all the best houses in Hillsborough, during the period which marked the first advance beyond the log cabin homes. His home, for many years, was a large two-story frame building on High street, corner of North. He was an agent for the sale of lands owned in Ohio, by Colonel John Watts, of Campbell county, Virginia, and proprietor of part of the plat of Chillicothe. Pleasant Arthur's eldest son was a skilful civil engineer of Zanesville, and was a major in the Mexican war. He married the daughter of Rev. Isaac Quinn, physician and popular Methodist preacher, who came early to Highland. W. R. Arthur, a son of Christopher Arthur, is a successful railroad engineer of Chicago. Edward Arthur, another son of Pleasant Arthur, was auditor of Highland county, and is now a preacher in Vienna, Clinton county. Andrew Barry was an early settler of Ohio, but returned to Staunton, Virginia, and came to Highland in 1825, with his family of three sons—Thomas, John, and William—and one daughter, Elizabeth, who married the late Professor J. McD, Matthews, and died young. Andrew Barry's first wife was the daughter of Governor Matthews of Georgia, and died young. His second wife was Miss McCue, of Virginia, sister of Mrs. General McDowell, late of Hillsborough. Mr. Barry was a native of Ireland, was well educated, and was, early in life, a merchant in Staunton, Virginia. He came to Highland with ample means, which he invested in lands near Hillsborough. He was an elder in the Presbyterian church, both in Virginia and in Hillsborough. Many of his Virginia friends and neighbors followed him to Highland—the Hogsetts, Erwins, Lynns, Michaels, Blacks, Joneses, and others. He left his farm and removed to Hillsborough, where his useful life was closed, and where his memory and worth are revered. William Otway Byrd, of Hillsborough, was the son of Colonel Otway Byrd, of the Revolutionary war. Colonel Byrd owned a survey 0f two thousand acres of land adjoining the Ellicott survey, upon which a part of Hillsborough is situated. The son came to Hillsborough, and erected, on the present site of the Lilley farm, a log cabin, and commenced leasing his lands, and making and renting improvements. Gladly would we excuse ourselves from recording the statement, that to increase the commercial value of corn, a "still-house" was erected by this scion of an honorable, aristocratic and wealthy family of the Old Dominion, and that bread was converted into that which debases and impoverishes. Who can tell how many of the early pioneers of Highland, commencing with bright hopes of future competence and ease in old age, were driven from what should have been the inheritance of their children, a home of wealth and 'comfort, by the fiend evoked from that "still-house," whose mission it was to change the cheerful hum of contented, hopeful labor, to the wailing of disappointed hope, and finally to the stillness of despair. Mr. Byrd was an intimate friend of B. H. Johnson, an early and leading merchant of Hillsborough, with whom he lived as a brother bachelor and friend for many years. His health was impaired by exposure in "roughing it," and he died early in Hillsborough, leaving a large landed estate to his sisters in Virginia, for whom Governor Allen Trimble became agent. These lands comprise some of the finest farms in Liberty township. James Carlisle emigrated from Loudoun county, Virginia, in 1800, and settled first in Chillicothe. In 1805 he removed to Highland county, and settled on the farm afterward owned and occupied for many years by his son, Beatty Carlisle. Mr. Carlisle was the first settler who raised tobacco. One day, about a year after his arrival in the county, the family left home with the exception of his two boys, James and John, aged, one about eight years, and the other six, who were sent into the tobacco patch to "sucker" the plants. While thus engaged, the elder, James, was bitten on his fore-finger by HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 361 a rattlesnake which was coiled up under the leaves. There was no one near to help them, and the boys, well knowing the fatal effects of the poison, were greatly alarmed. But James, with the courage of a true backwoodsman, was not long in settling in his own mind, the course to be pursued. They had taken an old dull tomahawk out with them, for some purpose, and James peremptorily ordered his little brother to cut off his hand, at the same time laying it on a stump, and pointing to the place where it was to be cut, at the wrist. This, John positively refused to do, giving as his reason, that the tomahawk was too dull. Finally they compromised on the wounded finger, which the young surgeon consented to cut off. It had already turned black, and was much swollen. John made several ineffectual attempts to cut it off, but only hacked and bruised it, James, however, held it stoutly, encouraging his brother to proceed, and saying it must come off, or he should soon die. It was finally hacked off, but most pitiful to relate, in their fright, anxiety, and lack of strength and skill, the thumb was cut off also. This was replaced by a neighbor, Gus. Richards, who was somewhat of a surgeon, and finally grew on again. Nannie Carlisle, a girl of twelve or thirteen, a sister of these pioneer experimenters in surgery, had a narrow escape from being bitten by a rattlesnake. The snake got into the cabin in the daytime, and ensconsed itself under the pillows of the bed. Nannie was the last to go to bed that night, and fancied she felt something under the pillow. Her mother, who slept with her, told her she was mistaken, but Nannie persisted that there was either a snake or a rat in the bed, and was in the act of getting up, when something struck her on the neck. Crying out that she was bitten she jumped out upon the floor. The snake then rattled, and the consternation of the household can be imagined more easily than described. Fortunately, it became apparent, upon examination, that the reptile had only struck her with its tail in its efforts to get out from under the pillow. The snake made its way out of the cabin as it had come in, through the chinks between the logs, but was followed into the yard, where it was killed. George and Gus. Richards had settled in the same neighborhood, a short time before Mr. Carlisle. Three brothers named Creek came from Virginia in 1802, and settled in the neighborhood of Richard Evans. John Creek was one of the first jurors in Highland. John Jones, a carpenter by trade, came in 1809, and was a prominent citizen until his death, in 1833. He accumulated quite a fortune. John Wasson was also a carpenter, highly respected, and successful in business, and was, for many years, county commissioner. Rezin Moberly, one of the first trustees of Liberty township, elected in 1806, came from Maryland with his family in the fall of 1805, or the spring following, and settled on Clear creek. He was an honest, industrious citizen, many of whose descendants still live in the county. The older members of the board elected at that first township election, were: Edward Chaney, Amos Evans, and Robert Fitzpatrick. Clerks, Samuel Evans and Rezin Moberly. Samuel Keys came from Rockbridge county, Virginia, in 1801, or earlier, and settled on Fall creek, in Liberty township, northeast from Hillsborough, where he cleared a farm on which he passed the remainder of his life. His family of eight children settled near him for a time, but afterwards removed to other townships, counties, and States. HISTORICAL GLEANINGS. The first brick dwelling erected in the county, that of the late Richard Evans, of Clear creek, was commenced by making the brick on the place in 1809. Richard Lucas was the contractor for the brick work, and he was assisted in laying the bricks by Samuel and Robert Wasson, who came from Fleming county, Kentucky. Daniel Wier contracted for the carpenter work, and was assisted by David Reece. The first well dug in Hillsborough, was dug by James Hays, on the lot on the northwest corner of High and Walnut streets. It was dug in the summer of 1808, and is still considered one of the best wells in town. The first couple married in Hillsborough, was Amariah Gossett and Lydia Evans, daughter of Evan Evans, a Virginia Quaker. The marriage was solemnized by Squire Enoch B. Smith, on the afternoon of August 4, 1808, in a little log cabin occupying the present site of the Ellicott house. At a meeting of the board of commissioners, held on the fifth of January, 1809, an order was made out for the payment of David Terrill, for killing ten wolves, the largest order on record for wolf scalps. The first prisoner committed to the new jail in Hillsborough, in 1808, with its iron door weighing five hundred pounds, was one Thomas Tong, for horse stealing. He broke out the second night, by sawing out, after getting off his hand-cuffs. He was caught and returned to the jail, and until he could be sent to Chillicothe under a strong escort, the jail was guarded by the principal citizens, rifle in hand. Among others called out by the sheriff were, John Davidson, John Moore, George M. Barrere, Levi Warner, William Barnett, James D. Scott, Allen Trimble, B. H. Johnson, Augustus Richards, John Belzer, Enoch B. Smith, James McConnell, and John Rickman. Frederick, Fraley was called upon to appraise the repairs on the jail, and Allen Trimble's account for blacksmith work was audited, at nineteen dollars and sixty-two and a-half cents. At the spring term of the court of common pleas, for 1810, an examination of the account of George Richards, director of the town of Hillsborough, showed that his receipts for the sale of lots had been three thousand and forty-five dollars and eighty-two cents. Pearson Starr's death, which occurred in Hillsborough, in 1809, has been erroneously spoken of as the first in Hillsborough. That of Andrew Edgar took place in the previous July, 1808, from the bite of a rattlesnake. Mr. Starr was the father-in-law of Joshua Woodrow, and had been but a few days in town. 46 362 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Miss Rebecca Ross, the first white woman that came to this part of Highland, coming to New Market in 1797, married George Parkinson in 1803. Eagle spring was so named from the circumstance of a tree in its vicinity being the resort of a pair of bald eagles. The eagles had built a nest after Iliff established his pottery at the spring, and "Jimmy Smith," fearing they might disturb his lambs, watched his opportunity and shot the female bird, when the male disappeared. The noted Indian chief, "Captain John," who was one of the party of Shawnees by whom Captain James Trimble was captured in Augusta county, Virginia, when a boy of ten, after the lapse of over thirty years, recognized him, upon being introduced by Captain William Hill. The old savage related circumstances connected with the attack, capture, and reprisal with such exactness as convinced both gentlemen that, with wonderful tenacity, he had retained the features of his young captive. His apology was laconic and characteristic— "Much fight white man then, make friends now." MERCANTILE INTERESTS-THE EARLY MERCHANTS OF HILLSBOROUGH. One of the first men that attained prominence as a merchant in the town of Hillsborough was John Smith, who came to Highland county from Pennsylvania, about the year 1800, and settled in New Market while that was regarded as the most promising locality for business. After the county seat was removed to Hillsborough, and it became obvious that this was to be the principal center of trade, Mr. Smith determined to link his fortunes with the new town. Accordingly, in 1808 he left the town of New Market for one newer, but more inviting, as a field of mercantile enterprise. He had been present at a public sale soon after the town was laid out, the previous year, and had purchased the lot which has never gone out of the possession of the family, and on which now stands the residence of his son, the Hon. John A. Smith. Here he erected a building which Mr. Scott describes as a pretty good one-story hewed log house, and opened a dry goods store. He also established a hatter's shop, in which he employed Henry Anderson, John Mitchell, and other skilled journeymen, to make hats for his store. A few years afterward he purchased, of Allen Trimble, the lot on the southwest corner of High and Main streets, which has ever since been called the Smith corner, where he carried on the dry goods trade for more than thirty years, and became, in his day, the leading merchant of the place. The building which he occupied so long stood until recently, when it was destroyed by fire. It has since been replaced by a substantial and attractive brick block, erected in 1876. Mr. Smith is described as industrious, honest, kindhearted and generous, never permitting an opportunity to pass to do a kindness to any of his neighbors who were worthy. He was treasurer of the county for more than twenty years, during much of which time it was next to impossible for a large portion of the farmers of the county to pay their taxes, owing to the fact that none of the products of the soil, at that day, with the single exception, perhaps, of ginseng, would sell for money. In those tight times, rather than return the little homes of our hones( Highland farmers as delinquent, Smith hardly ever failed, on application by the owner, to write him a receipt and charge the tax on his store account. Some of this money, of course (partly on account of the inability of those for whom it was advanced, and partly on account of their meanness and ingratitude), was never returned. Smith, however, never felt the loss, for he lived in the midst of abundance to a good old age, happy in the consciousness of having done quite as much for others as for himself, and died in 1845, deeply regretted by the entire community. About the time of his settlement in Hillsborough, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Sarah Wadman, a daughter of George Wadman, an Englishman, and a cabinet maker by trade, who came to Highland county, as early as 1804, and settled in New Market, She is described as every way worthy of her noble hearted husband, whom she preceded, by many years, in her departure to the spirit land. Beautiful in person, but still more beautiful in character, she carried with her, through life and in death, the love and admiration of many who had been the recipients of her kindness, and of a large circle of devoted friends. She was a consistent and conscientious christian, and a devoted member of the Methodist church. Two surviving children of this estimable pair still reside in Hillsborough—the Hon. John A. Smith, already mentioned, who represented this district in congress since the war, and a sister, Mary Ann, now the widow of J. Madison Trimble, deceased, son of the late Governor Allen Trimble. Mrs. Trimble is the mother of Mrs. Frank W. Armstrong, of this place. Having given this sketch of the pioneer merchant, John Smith, and his descendants, we shall have to pass more hastily over the names of the subsequent early merchants of Hillsborough. The same year in which Mr. Smith commenced business here, Mr. John Carlisle, an enterprising merchant of Chillicothe, opened a store here, which he placed in charge of two of his clerks, B. H. Johnson and Samuel Swearingen. Two years previous, however, this enterprise had been successfully inaugurated in the neighborhood of Captain William Hill, on Clear creek. Next we hear of the brothers Woodrow, Joshua and Joseph, who came in 1811; then 0f Allen Trimble and D. R. Ferguson, in 1814. In 1815 James A. and C. A. Trimble opened an extensive store, for the period, at the present northwest corner of High and Court streets. Next year came William Morrow and W. Wright; Samuel Welsh, in 1818; Henry Davis, in 1819; S. E. Hibben, in 1825; and James and John Dill, in 1826. Henry Turner came about the same time; and afterward, George McDowell and Caleb Matthews. The mercantile firm of Trimble Brothers, into which the youngest, John A. Trimble, was admitted in 1826, continued from 1814 to 1855, and conducted an active and energetic business in the purchase and shipment of HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 363 the staple products of the county; forwarding horses, hogs and cattle, either in droves to Virginia and Baltimore, or shipping them to New Orleans, in flat-boats and barges, until steamboats appeared, in 1828. Contracts were made for supplying military posts at Baton Rouge and New Orleans, for several years, and a warehouse was established at Ripley for packing provisions for the southern market. After completing their sales at New Orleans, they were accustomed to make a sea voyage thence to New York, Boston or Philadelphia, for the purchase of goods, returning by stage to Pittsburgh, and by the river to Ripley or Maysville. They were contractors for the construction of the Ohio canal, and for the building of turnpikes. They also took the contract for a stage route of four-horse coaches from Chillicothe to Cincinnati in 1827, twelve years before there was a turnpike in this part of the country. The first goods received from New Orleans, such as coffee, sugar, queensware, etc., were consigned to the firm of Trimble Brothers, requiring a voyage of three months by Captain Payne's Maysville barges, propelled by cordelling ; the charges being four dollars per hundred pounds, when five or six dollars was paid from Philadelphia. Captain C, A. Trimble, a retired young officer of the war of 182, who was the pioneer in this enterprise, was cut off early, in the midst of his usefulness, in 1821, aged twenty-six. Since the introduction of railroads, the method of transacting mercantile business has been radically changed—the trip of ten or fourteen days, over the mountains on horseback (the merchant packing his specie in saddle-bags,) being changed to one of about as many hours in a Pullman palace coach, with eastern exchange at par, or a small margin by way of commission. And, besides, the practice now adopted by nearly all the eastern wholesale merchants, of sending out "commercial travelers," otherwise called "runners," or "drummers," enables the western dealer to purchase his goods by sample, without going outside of his own store. The old-time merchant of the "model town," having retired years ago from the toils and excitements of business; having made his last journey, but one, and awaiting with composure the time when he shall set out upon that, looks back with a sort of bewildered gaze upon the rapid changes that have taken place, and is never happier than when pointing out the contrast between the present and the past, and relating to "the boys" the incidents of pioneer days. Those were rude days, it is true; but their very rudeness gave to those who were actors in them, a strength of character which the present generation will do well to emulate, but which they will not be likely to surpass. We will conclude our account of the mercantile interests of Hillsborough, with an enumeration of the present mercantile firms, and the dates of their establishment. In the line of DRY GOODS, the house of S. E. Hibben & Son is the pioneer, as it is in the general mercantile business of the place—having been established in 1826. The founder of the house, now at the ripe age of seventy-six, has retired from active business, and his son, Joseph H. Hibben, is the present proprietor and manager. The house of B. Chaney & Son was also established almost in pioneer times—as early as 1844; that of Richards & Brother, in 1858; A. Haynes & Co., 1864; Spargur & Quinn, 1865 ; Lytle & Son, 1868; N. Calvert, 1876; and W. H. Glenn & Co., 1877. HARDWARE. Glasscock & Quinn, 1862; N. Rockhold & Son, 1870; Kibler & Herron, 1871. GROCERIES. J. Miller & Son, 1855; H. Strain & Co., 1856; Amen, Gregg & Co., 1869; Scott & Roads, 1871; R. S. Quinn, 1874; R. S. Evans & Co., 1879. DRUGS. W. R. Smith, 1847; Seybert & Co., 1871; G. W. Barrere, 1876; John W. Quinn, 1878. THE BOOK TRADE has had few dealers, and has seen comparatively few changes. John Bowles has been engaged in this business since 1849, and Jacob Sayler since 1850. There are other branches of trade which we should be glad to notice, but want of space forbids, The notices, however, that we have given above, furnish a comprehensive view of the mercantile business of the place. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. Mainly through the kindness of Mr. John A. Trimble, brother of the late Governor Allen Trimble, and one of the oldest residents of Hillsborough, we have been put in possesion of the following interesting facts concerning its OLD TIME MANUFACTURES. At the close of the war of 1812—early in 1814—Allen Trimble and John M. Nelson purchased a cotton carding and spinning machine, which was brought by wagon from North Carolina to Hillsborough. It was erected on the south side of Beech street, east of High, and was driven by horse-power—the horses being attached to levers turning a large horizontal wheel, twenty feet in diameter. It employed three or four operatives—men and boys and supplied a limited amount of spun yarn for the family looms of the country—a loom being indispensable in every pioneer homestead. The price of yarn was forty or fifty cents per pound. Raw cotton was then purchased at Maysville, Kentucky, where it was brought from Tennessee in wagons, which took back goods for Nashville and other points, brought from Philadelphia, by the way of Pittsburgh and the Ohio river. Spun cotton thread was used principally as a mixture with flax, in the manufacture of a "chambray" cloth for summer suits, for both sexes; while for winter wear, "linsey-woolsey" and leather (that is, buckskin) was the usual style. It is, perhaps, out of compliment to their pioneer forefathers, that the more luxurious young Buckeyes, of the present day, call their fine cassimere pants doeskin. In the year 1819 or 1820, Mr. Henry Davis, a graduate, it is believed, of Dartmouth college, came to Hillsborough and established a primitive 364 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. NAIL FACTORY, in a log house, then one of two buildings on High street, opposite the court house. His rolled iron was prepared in Pittsburgh for the various sizes of nails; which, after being cut by heavy shears, one by one, were headed in a clamp, by a blow with a heavy sledge hammer, This was the Novelty Iron Works of the model town of that era. By this slow process Mr. Davis secured a lucrative business, from the avails of which he educated four sons at Kenyon college—all of whom became reputable men in their chosen professions of law, medicine and theology. About the same time a WOOL CARDING MACHINE was started by George and Jacob Shafer, on West street. And, a few years earlier, John Hutsinpiller operated one on Main street, where now stands the Kramer house. The business here was carried on by John Baskin, who connected with it the manufacture of linseed oil. As a good deal of flax was at that time raised by the farmers, for the sake of the fibre, a plenty of seed was easily procured to be worked up in this mill, and the oil and oil-cake were disposed of at paying prices. Almost every farmer in those days raised, every year, a patch of flax, seldom exceeding an acre of ground, and often not more than a quarter of an acre. When the flax was ripe it was pulled, for the most part by young women, who used to assemble in companies for that purpose. Of course the young men were nothing loth to help them, and it can easily be understood how the term " flax-pulling " came to be wellnigh synonymous with " merry-making." The flax, after being rotted and dried, was broken, swingled, or scutched, and patched, for the sake of removing the woody portions of the stalk, and the coarser parts of the fibre. These operations were mostly performed by the men, although the women sometimes assisted. The fibre was then spun and woven by the women. The tow, also, was made into a coarse cloth. Thus family linen of all sorts was manufactured. This will be as suitable a place as any for describing a peculiar kind of cloth, which (to a limited extent, of course,) was manufactured by the Buckeye women of those days. It was made by taking old silk dresses, satin vests, and other fabrics of silk, carefully picking them to pieces, and separating the fibre. This was then mixed with cotton by hand-cards, spun and woven into a cloth, said to be very comely and durable. It was made into summer suits for both sexes. THE FIRST BLACKSMITH SHOP was on the lot now occupied by St. Mary's Episcopal church, and was worked by a German named Belzer, and a negro man by the name of Tom Trimble—the first of his race who came to Hillsborough from Kentucky, having been liberated, with several others, by Captain James Trimble. Prominent among the useful arts, carried on here at an early day, was the MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE. The first pottery in the county was established in 1806, by Richard Iliff, at what is now known as the Eagle spring, a mile southwest of the court house. After Hillsborough was laid out, and a goodly number of cabins built, he moved to town and established his pottery on the ground now occupied by the railroad depot. Iliff is described as "an odd-looking man, though esteemed a clever, worthy citizen; being six feet four inches in his socks, very red haired, and as gaunt and slender as a fence rail." He was followed by Messrs. Fisher & McClain, both of whom became permanent and useful citizens. Joseph McClain was an officer in the Twenty-sixth United States infantry, in 1812, and John Fisher became a magistrate, and, afterwards, a member of the Ohio legislature from Adams county. Amariah Gossett who, until within a few years, carried on the same business a few miles south of Hillsborough, learned his trade of Iliff, while he carried it on at the spring. In his hands it became a very extensive and profitable business. During the war of 1812, and for several years later, his wares were used as substitutes for queensware—tea-sets, dishes, and plates being made both plain and ornamental, to supply the demand. Previous to learning the potter's trade, Mr. Gossett had assisted in running a primitive kind of PORTABLE SAW-MILL, which consisted simply of what was known as whip-saws, operated by two men in the sawing of plank. This was the first mode of sawing lumber introduced into the county, no saw-mills having as yet been erected. Gossett was then comparatively a boy, but had assisted an Irishman named McCauley, to saw the plank for his father's mill. Afterward, he and McCauley formed a partnership, and went over the country with their whip saw, sawing lumber wherever their services were required. They were able, by hard and steady work, to cut about four hundred feet a day, for which they received two dollars per hundred. They sawed two thousand feet of cherry boards for Hector Murphy, on Smoky run, and about the same quantity for David Jolly, on Rocky fork. They also sawed for Moses Patterson, and others. About this time the above named, and some of the other settlers, were erecting a better style of houses than the first rude cabins in which they had lived. Mr. Scott thus describes these improved dwellings, some of which, doubtless still remain: "These houses were built of heavy, well-hewed logs, notched down pretty close, corners sawed off square and neat, chinked with stone, and daubed with pure white lime, inside and out. The exterior of one of these houses, after the logs had been blackened with the weather, presented quite a pretty and novel appearance, as it stood in all its great strength, promising much comfort and good cheer. They were usually situated on the brow of a hill, near a spring, half concealed from the road by the graceful forms of the native sugar-tree, elm, and ash, with a background of young apple trees, and rugged fields full of stumps and dead timber." About 1820 Nathan Baker and Llewellyn Griffith, from New Jersey, came to Hillsborough, and opened up an extensive business in blacksmithing and WAGON-MAKING, and were useful and enterprising citizens. Manker and Fidler succeeded them in business. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 365 John Fidler, about the year 1828, established a wagon shop on High street, which he carried on till 1847, when he died. He made only the wood-work of farm wagons, and his customers got the iron work done at the shops. Everything was heavy hand-work. He employed three or four men, and turned out about fifty jobs a year. Samuel Horton did the same kind of work at the north end of High street, but did not have as much custom. He began nearly the same time with Fidler, and moved to Indiana about the year 1843. Jerry Fidler, a son of John, still works in town, but only at repairing. WHEELWRIGHTS (i.e. makers of spinning wheels) were among the early. settlers in Hillsborough, and were actively employed ; since almost every family required two of these indispensable and useful articles—the "big wheel" for wool, and the "little wheel" for flax. And these were the only musical instruments upon which the Buckeye girl of that period was expected to become a skilful performer. Knox, Hobson, McCluer, Golliday and Horton were the earliest makers. THE LEATHER AND HARNESS TRADE was an important branch of business here at an early day. John Campton (who was afterwards killed at Brownstown, the first battle-field of the war of 1812) estabhshed THE FIRST TANYARD in Hillsborough, at a spring near East and Beech streets. It was purchased by Mr. James A. Trimble in 1810, who carried it on extensively for twenty years. George Shinn, from Virginia, next sunk a tanyard on High street, on the lot now occupied by Kibler & Herron's hardware store, in the year 1809. This was carried on by Joseph Woodrow for many years. Afterward Daniels and Grantham opened a yard on West street in 1823. John White established a HARNESS AND SADDLER SHOP as early as 1816. In 1818 he was succeeded by Robert Stewart, an active, enterprising man and useful citizen, who had a large and successful trade. Armstead Doggett came to Hillsborough in 1828, and, as a skilful workman, established himself in a large and profitable business, manufacturing saddles for men and women. In those early times, previous to the age of turnpikes, saddles supplied the place of carriages and buggies. The latter were not used here till after 1825. At that period there were probably but two in the county, and those made at the east. Journeys were always made on horseback, by persons visiting their relatives in the old States; and merchants made their trips to Philadelphia and Baltimore, in the same way, as late as 1830. A stage line of four-horse coaches was started from Chillicothe to Cincinnati, via Hillsborough, in 1828, and was considered a great enterprise at that time. No turnpikes were built before 1840, Stock of all kinds— horses, cattle and hogs—were driven across the moun tains to Baltimore or New York, or sent by flat-boats to New Orleans. But to return.  THE COOPER TRADE was also carried on by Jacob Butcher, William Doggett, and Jacob Byshir, and pork barrels were sent to Ripley and Cincinnati in large numbers, in prices from one dollar and twenty-five cents to one dollar and fifty cents each. Joseph Dryden, from Rockbridge county, Virginia, came to Hillsborough in 181o, and started a blacksmith shop on Main street, near High. He was a genial and clever citizen, and was early made a magistrate—thus dispensing law and administering justice, while his stalwart arms were mostly employed in tempering iron and steel, and in making the pioneer axe and plow. Thus, also, while working in this coarser metal, he learned To forge the links of Hymen's golden chain-- being frequently called upon to lay aside the leather badge of his trade to receive the marriage fee of fifty cents from some ardent and impatient swain, who blushingly led his blushing charmer to the altar, rudely symbolized by the blacksmith's anvil. Replacing the apron, the good squire would resume his handicraft at the forge, as if nothing had happened. Colonel William Keys deserves a special notice as an early and useful citizen and mechanic of Hillsborough. He came from Lexington, Virginia, to Ohio, in 1805, and settled in Hillsborough in 1808. Here he built a CABINET-MAKING SHOP, on the east side of Main street, where the residence of Mrs, Hart now stands. He connected with his trade chair-making and painting, and like Burns and Pindar, had a genius for poetry and severe satire. He was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church, a man of much learning and culture in English literature. He was an ardent patriot during the war of 182, and commanded a regiment that went from Highland county to the frontier on Lake Erie. He was appointed the first auditor of the county, and for many pears was a magistrate of much respectability. He became an Abolitionist of the ultra "Birney school," and by his intemperate zeal (as many thought) lost a part of his usefulness in a district always conservative, as to the mingling of moral questions with politics. He removed to Indiana, and died at the advanced age of eighty-four. Newton Doggett was also one of the earliest cabinetmakers here—beginning as early as 180, and carrying it on successfully for many years. He educated many young men in the trade; and his own sons all became skilled workmen. One of these, Washington Doggett, conducted the business largely until his recent death. He was a very worthy and valuable citizen, and a magistrate whose sterling integrity, in the administration of justice, was above reproach. His son, Henry Doggett, who was thoroughly educated for the legal profession, edited the Hillsborough Gazette for a short period, and is now the able and popular superintendent of the union schools of the town, 366 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. P. and C. C. Arthur were among the first to connect THE CARPENTER'S TRADE with cabinet-making, and were employed in finishing all the early brick buildings erected here; and C. C. Arthur was the architect of the present court-house. He is still living, at the age of eighty-two, and is the father of W. K. Arthur, of Chicago, a prominent civil engineer for many years, in the construction of western railroads. HAT-MAKING was one of the early industries of Hillsborough. The first shop was opened as early as 1808, by Mr. John Smith, who soon connected with it the first store, which thus proved a paying business. He became a wealthy merchant, and was, for twenty years, the county treasurer. Wool and "Roman" hats were the common wear for men and boys; while the young men would occasionally don their beaver, or other fine fur, at the cost of five to ten dollars. Wool hats cost from one dollar to a dollar and a half. Furs of all kinds were abundant; and fine otter skins, at two dollars and a half or three dollars, or beaver, worth from five to eight dollars, were a sort of circulating medium, as good as gold all furs and pelts being everywhere taken in exchange for goods. At the crossing of Clear creek, three miles east of town, was an extensive beaver-dam, well known to the early settlers, from 1800 to 1810. But the dam, as well as the ingenious rodents that built it, have long since disappeared from this locality. Joshua Woodrow settled here in 1808, and soon after erected a hatter's shop, and employed a number of hands at the trade. He also connected with it a store, in partnership with his brother, Joseph Woodrow, a prominent and valuable citizen, a magistrate and auditor of the county. The Woodrow hats were much sought after, and were sold in all the neighboring towns. Afterward, about 1820, Francis Shinn did a large business in this line. In 1825 or '26 John Hibben and Philip Stone carried it on. Many young men of the county became apprentices to the trade, serving five years, and afterward finding lucrative employment as traveling, or journeymen hatters. Among these enterprising adventurers were such men as William Russel, afterward member of congress from Adams county, who served with Mr. Smith and Oliver P. Morton, the senator of recent political fame. SHOEMAKING gave employment to a number of workmen. Jacob Baker and Isaac Van Pelt were among the first who carried on this business. THE FIRST TAILORS were Lang, Hodson and Buntain, followed by Michael Haller, G. W. Tucker and Isaac Crosby, who were skilled workmen, and had a large and lucrative trade. Later (between 1825 and '30), John C. Hubbard came from New England, and opened up an extensive business • in the same branch of industry. TINNER'S SHOP William C. Scott opened the first Tinner’s Shop in Hillsborough, in 1820. His son, Daniel Scott, learned the trade, and worked at it for several years. He afterward studied law, and entered on the practice here in 1854. At the same time he was editor of the American Citizen, a paper of extensive circulation, replete with local and historical incidents of the county, and ably supporting the presidential ticket of Bell and Everett. He removed to Missouri in 1856, and engaged in the practice of law. Joseph Kibler next opened a tin and copper manufactory on East street in 1834, making it profitable, and the foundation of the well-known hardware house of Kibler & Herron. John. Timberlake established the first. BUGGY AND CARRIAGE FACTORY in Hillsborough, about the year 1840, on east Main street. The building is now used as a dwelling house. His work was rather coarse and heavy, but very substantial. He did both the wood and the iron work. Mr. Timberlake was a Quaker, with very little means, and almost always hard pressed for money, which he sometimes raised by pawning his work. The pawned carriages, however, were seldom redeemed. He studied law and removed to Bellefontaine, where he is still living and practicing his profession. LIME BURNING has been, from early times, a prominent branch of industry in Hillsborough and Liberty township, there being an abundance of material for the production of this necessary article in the limestone which underlies the soil almost everywhere in Highland county. The primitive method of burning lime while timber was so plenty that the great question was how to get rid of it, and not how to preserve it, was to pile the rocks upon huge log-heaps, and by the conflagration of the latter, to expel from the former the carbonic acid. In a few years, however, this method gave place to the construction of regular kilns, the stone being deposited in there, over vaults or ovens, in which fuel is burnt until the whole superincumbent mass is reduced to lime. Among the more recent kilns are two, constructed by Colonel William H. Trimble, about the year 1868, a short distance east of town. They are very elaborate and expensive, but have not been used for several years. In 1863 a MACHINE SHOP was established by J. F. Bell, on the alley between Main and Beech streets. He carried it on until 1869, then sold out to J. Milton Boyd, who operated it until 1877. It was then given up—the steam-power by which its machinery was propelled being diverted to a flouring-mill, built along side of it. We will mention one more defunct manufactory, and that of a very modern date. We mean the ORGAN FACTORY of Messrs, Murphy & Cluxton, established in the year 1874. The partnership continued only about a year, when Murphy withdrew, and Cluxton carried on the bus- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 367 iness alone, for about two years longer, They manufactured quite a number of excellent instruments—reed organs or melodeons, only but, the business not proving profitable, it was abandoned. EXISTING MANUFACTURES. Having given, at as great a length as our space would permit, an account of the early manufactures of Hillsborough, we proceed to enumerate, with a brief notice of each, the principal manufacturing establishments that now exist in the town. In this enumeration we shall not attempt to follow the order of the dates on which they were founded. We begin with the IRON FOUNDRY of C. S. Bell, now located on the northeast corner of West and Main streets. It was first established 1855, by Mr. Bittler, on Beech street, below the present site of the railroad depot. It was operated by him, and subsequently by the Messrs. Clayton, for about three years, when it was purchased by Mr. Bell. He carried it on there eight years, and then removed the machinery, with many enlargements and improvements, to the present location. The new building of brick was erected in 1866, at an expense (including the land) of ten thousand eight hundred dollars. It is a large structure, having a front of seventy-five feet on Main street, and two hundred on West. Sorghum mills and amalgam iron bells are the articles almost exclusively manufactured at present; although, at first, plows and cooking stoves were made. From 1860 to 1865 the demand for mills was at the greatest. After that, for about ten years, it materially diminished, owing to the failure of methods which at one time promised great improvement in the syrup produced from the cane. For the last ten years, however, the cultivation of sorgum has revived, especially in the northwest, and the demand for mills has consequently been on the increase. This owing largely to the production of a new variety of cane, to which the name of " Fally Amber" has been given—being a hybrid between the Honduras and Chinese varieties, which has been found peculiarly adapted to the climate of Minnesota. The average number of mills now turned out annually from this establishment is about six hundred ; the most of which are sent west of the Mississippi. The mills are composed entirely of cast iron. Bell founding was carried on here, in a small way, from the first; but, about 1870, the business in that line began to increase, and the average number now cast, every year, is about five thousand mostly for farms and schools. The amount of capital invested is over thirty thousand dollars; and the annual product of the business is between forty and fifty thousand dollars. Mr. Bell employs in this establisment about twenty hands. THE HIGHLAND FLOURING MILLS are now owned by J. Milton Boyd & Son, having been established by J. F. Bell in 1866, and purchased by the Boyds in 1879. The location of this oneine establishment is on the alley between Main and Beech streets. It has four run of stone, propelled by steam power, and manufactures flour, meal, and feed. The proprietors purchase all their grain in this county—fifteen thousand bushels being bought last year. They do both merchant and custom work, and the mill has a capacity for turning out one hundred barrels of flour every twenty-four hours. Their principal market is in this and the surrounding towns, though they have shipped flour to Baltimore and New York. They have sixteen thousand dollars invested in the business. The mill has all the late improvements in the way of purifiers, etc., and gives employment to ten men. Across the alley from this establishment is THE PLANING-MILL, started by Joseph H. Bradley in 1870. In about a year C. Utman became associated with Bradley. In 1872 John F. Nelson purchased Bradley's interest, and the firm was known as Nelson & Utman. In 1873 P. G. Jeans became interested in the business, and the present firm name was adopted, viz.: Utman, Jeans & Co. Their capital, in manufactured and raw material, amounts to eight thousand dollars, in real estate and machinery to two thousand two hundred dollars. They employ, on an average, fifteen hands, manufacturing sash, doors, blinds, and furniture, and also taking contracts for the erection of all kinds of buildings. They also buy and sell ready-made furniture at their store on Main street. They use up about five hundred thousand feet of lumber per year. MESSRS. SHINN AND MARTIN established a planing-mill at the southwest corner of Walnut and West streets, about the year 1855. They carried it on till 1876, when Mr. Martin was accidentally killed by falling from a door in the upper story. It then stood idle about two years, when it was purchased by the present proprietor, J. W. Pence, for three thousand dollars, including the building and lot and a portion of the machinery. The same line of work is done here as in the other planing-mills in town. The value of the property, at present, is about four thousand dollars. The trade in every line for the past year amounted to fifteen thousand dollars. The establishment employs about seven hands. THE ENTERPRISE PLANING MILL, on north West street, was established by V. B. Custer & Co., in 1875. They carried it on about two years and sold out to Austin & Kibler, and of them it was purchased by the present proprietors, Simonson & Co., March 8, 1878. About a dozen men were employed here in 1879. Sash, doors, blinds, frames, and stair- work are manufactured, and buildings of all kinds are erected. THE HILLSBOROUGH WOOLEN MILLS were established by Thomas Patterson, on the Ripley pike, two miles from town, as long ago (at least) as 1835. It was frrst established as a grist-mill, and was propelled by horse-power. In a few years machinery was introduced for the manufacture of woolen goods in the way of -custom work, and steam was substituted for horsepower. On the death of Mr. Patterson, his son, John A. Patterson, came into possession of the mill and car_ 368 - HISTORY OP ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. ried it on until 1866, when it was purchased by Robinson and Ellitritz, and the machinery was removed to town—a fine brick building being erected for its reception, on South street, between West and Elm. Two years later Robinson retired, and from that time it has been carried on by Frederick and J. S. Ellifritz, under the firm name of Ellifritz & Son. They manufacture blankets, cassimeres and cassinettes, and do a general custom work. They have a wholesale and retail store on High street, and their goods are sold widely in this and the neighboring counties. The mill property is considered worth sixteen thousand dollars, and the annual product of the business is between twenty and twenty- five thousand. In the production of this very creditable amount, sixteen hands are employed. THE MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS, situated on High street, were established by Paul Harsha, in 1854. His son, Charles M., was admitted to a partnership in the business in 1874. They deal in American and foreign marble and granite, and execute all kinds of tombstones and monuments—doing all kinds of work, except turned work and the polishing of granite. They employ from seven to thirteen hands, and the annual product of their work amounts to about fourteen thousand dollars—being largely found in the cemeteries of this and adjoining counties. HANLON AND LEMON, on West street, corner of Main, carry on the same kind of work, though on a less extensive scale. Their business was established in 1879, and gives employment to four men, TANNERIES. Of these there are two, immediately connected with the town. FREDERIC ZANE established a tannery, in 1863, between south High and West streets, where a potash factory had been carried on for ten or fifteen years. He has forty-five vats. He tans by the old process, using chestnut-oak bark; employs nine hands, and turns out, on an average, about two thousand five hundred hides annually. He makes all kinds of leather, but harness leather is a specialty. He has a finishing shop and store, on Main street, where he keeps a general supply of leather and findings, and buys and sells furs and skins. A great many muskrats are still trapped in this and adjoining counties. In 1863, he bought between seven and eight thousand dollars worth of furs—mostly mink and coon. A mink skin then sold for five dollars—now for fifty cents. Coon skins then brought about two dollars apiece now from fifty to seventy-five cents. Tempora mutantur et coon skins mutantur in illis. The tannery now owned by ISAAC RHOADES, and situated about a mile east of town, on the Chillicothe pike, was established by R. D. Lilly, about the year 1834, and was purchased by its present proprietor in 1839. He has thirty vats, employs five hands, and turns out about eleven hundred hides annually. In 1864, he established a store and finishing shop in town, on Main street, where he buys and sells sole leather and findings. He has about five thousand dollars invested in the business, the annual product of which is about ten thousand dollars. J. S. BLACK's CARRIAGE FACTORY was first established in 1840, by L. L. Daniels, who carried it on till 1863, when it was purchased by Mr. Black. In some of the more prosperous years since that time, he has manufactured about a hundred fine buggies and carriages a year. The trade, however, has since fallen off, on account of the cheaper work from the large cities. But there are indications of revival in the business. This will be a proper place to state that Benjamin Southard, now of Hillsborough, constructed the first spring carriage ever made in Highland county. It was a double carriage, with top; was manufactured entirely by hand, and was a very substantial and well-made vehicle. It was completed in 1830, and came into possession of Mr. J. S. Black in 1864. The carriage factory of CARROLL AND DOWNHAMS was established in 1874 by Carroll & Wright, who carried it on four years, when Mr. Wright was succeeded by Mr. Downhams. It was first located on south Main street, but, in 1879, it was transferred to its present location on the corner of Court and Short streets. Fine carriages and buggies are made a specialty, of which they have hitherto turned out about fifty per year —sold in this and adjoining counties. The proprietors have about ten thousand dollars invested in the business, and employ from twelve to fifteen hands. The business is increasing, and they expect to make from seventy-five to a hundred carriages during the present year (1880). BRICK-MAKING. Lewis Ambrose has a brick yard in the western part of the town, near the Danville pike. He commenced the business in 1857, a little south of his present location. He continued there about nine years, when Colonel W. H. Glenn became associated with him in partnership, and they established a yard north of the present one, on the Cincinnati pike, where they continued three years, and then dissolved partnership. Since that time Mr. Ambrose has carried on the business alone at his present location. Until 1879, in connection with the business of brick- making, he took contracts for the erection of buildings, public and private. Several of the finest residences, business blocks, public buildings, churches, etc., in town, were erected by him. He has employed, on an average, from fifteen to twenty men. In connection with brick-making and building, he has also carried on farming, though not, of course, very extensively—owning a farm of about forty-five acres near town. His property has mostly been made in the brick business. In 1840 he came to Hillsborough from New Market, with his father, George Ambrose, who was also a brick- maker, and with whom the son continued to work till HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 369 1857. The father purchased a farm of a hundred acres, just west of the city, where he died in February, 1880, aged seventy-six. THE HILLSBOROUGH GAS-LIGHT COMPANY was incorporated March, 0, 1875. The first board of directors were James Brown, E. L. Ferris, H, S. Fullerton, C. M. Overman, A. S. Glasscock, J. M. Hibben, and F, J. Picard. The first officers were: James Brown, president; John Matthews, treasurer; F. J. Picard, secretary. Hillsborough was lighted with gas September 27,1875, with fifty street lamps and fifty private consumers. The present number of street lamps is one hundred—of private consumers, one hundred and five. The price of gas to private consumers is three dollars per thousand cubic feet—to the city council, thirty-one dollars and fifty cents per post each year. The candle power of the gas is from sixteen to eighteen. The present directors are James Brown, E. L. Ferris, Benjamin Conard, C. M. Overman, J. M. Hibben, 0. S. Price, and F. J. Picard. The officers are: James Brown, president; E. L. Ferris, vice-president; 0. S. Price, treasurer; F. J. Picard, secretary. The capital stock of the company is forty thousand dollars; and the cost of the gas works thirty thousand dollars. Three hands are employed in the works, and ten thousand bushels of Yohoghany coal are consumed every year. THE SADDLE AND HARNESS SHOP of Maddox Brothers was established in 1862. They make saddles and all kinds of harness, and also purchase both for sale. They manufacture five or six thousand dollars' worth of goods a year, employing two hands. We shall have to content ourselves with a simple enumeration of the remaining manufacuring establishments of Hillsborough : Barney Hammill, wagon-maker and repairer, High street. W. T. Bowers, confectioner and baker, Main street. Adam King, saddler, corner of High and Short streets. Thomas McGuire, cigar maker, Main street. John Beckley, manufacturer of tin-ware, High street. John C. Rittenhouse, boots and shoes, High street. Thomas Rogers, baker, High street. Jacob Schilly, boots and shoes, corner of High and Short streets. Stevenson & Young, tailors, High street. Copes & Williams, pork packers, corner of West and Main streets. They pack about a thousand hogs a year. For a town of four thousand people, we consider the above a very creditable showing in the way of the mechanical and industrial arts. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. There is not much in the industrial pursuits of Liberty township, that distinguishes it from the other portions of Highland county. Wheat and corn are, of course, the principal cereals, of both of which large crops are produced, except upon the worn out lands. The past exceptionally mild winter (1879-80). has been exceedingly favorable to wheat, and the prospect is fair for a very heavy yield. Immense crops of potatoes have sometimes been raised, and have been shipped to other parts of the country with profit. But the heavy freights usually eat up the profits. Many kinds of fruit (especially apples and peaches) are extensively cultivated— Mrs. Thompson, wife of the Hon. James H. Thompson, of Hillsborough, having on her farm, three miles north of that place, a peach orchard covering about forty acres. Here, however, as in other portions of Ohio, fruit has a mortal foe, against whose attacks no foresight or industry can guard. His name is Frost. Intense cold, even in winter, often destroys the germs, blighting, at the same time, the fondest hopes of the fruit grower. But the time of greatest peril, and, consequently, of greatest anxiety, is after the buds have opened in spring. The fatal degree of temperature is not fixed and definite; since the buds, when the atmosphere is dry, will resist a greater degree of cold than when it is humid. As we write (April 2, 1880), the peach trees all about Hillsborough are fairly loaded with blossoms; some of them fully, and others only partially, opened. But it is extremely doubtful if any of them will ever mature into fruit. For several nights the mercury has been below the freezing point; and the only hope for the beleaguered and imperiled blossoms is in the condition of the atmosphere, which has been unusually dry. The mechanical industries usually carried on in well- settled rural districts are well represented in Liberty township. Among these we can specify only the following: William C. Barry has a grist-mill on Clear creek, four miles east of Hillsborough. Cyrus Patterson owns a mill on Rocky fork, about two miles south of town, built by his grandfather, and at one time owned by Madison Trimble. David Taylor has a tile factory three miles from town, on the Danville pike, where large quantities of drain tile are manufactured. About two and a half miles west of town, on the same pike, Jacob Houp has a lime-kiln; and on the Chillicothe pike, a mile east of town, Abnum Bonum has another, where he has burnt lime for more than thirty years. We cannot vouch for the correctness of the last two names; but we give them to the reader as they were given to us. PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. The surface of this township, like that of the rest of the county, is broken and hilly. -While this adds much to the picturesque effect of the scenery it detracts from the general productiveness of the soil. The township is well watered by Clear creek and the Rocky fork of Paint creek, with their many small tributaries. The first-named passes through the township in a southeasterly direction; the second, through the southern part, flowing almost due east, and receiving the former just beyond the eastern boundary. The first settlements were made along these streams, where the soil is of wonderful fertility, even now, after 47 370 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. more than three-quarters of a century of cultivation, without the use of fertilizers. The uplands were settled later; and though originally, for the most part, very productive, yet, being of thinner soil, and exposed to the constant washing of heavy rains, and kept under the plow for many years, with little rest and no fertilizer, many of these lands have been reduced almost to barrenness. Judicious cultivation, with the free use of manures, would doubtless restore them; but the owners will have to look to the not very near future for their profits in any such attempt at restoration. The original strength of the soil, all over this township, may be judged of by the magnificent forests which sprang from it, remnants of which still cover many of the hills, being composed of the finest conceivable growth of beech, oak, sugar tree, elm, soft maple, walnut and hickory, Among these trees we have observed individuals of the white oak species that we judged to be five feet in diameter, and fully a hundred and thirty feet high. A striking feature of this region is the great number of excellent springs, which were by no means the least of its attractions to the early settlers. From each issues a streamlet which unites with others, thus forming brooks, by whose confluence the larger forks and creeks are produced. And it is these almost numberless streams which, flowing through geologic ages, have gradually scooped out the charming valleys and left standing, in an endless variety of forms, the verdant hills that now so beautifully diversify the surface of Liberty township. The soil, being mostly of clay, is the worst conceivable for roads; and these, when constructed in the ordinary fashion, become, during the rainy season, almost— and frequently quite—impassable. Probably in no part of the country has the provincial term, "mud road," a more appropriate or opprobrious significance than here. But the spirit of improvement, here as elsewhere, is working wonderful changes in this respect. The science of road-building has been brought well nigh to perfection. The materials for the best of roads, in the out-cropping limestone and the exhaustless deposits of gravel, are abundant and accessible. And the growing disposition to use these in the construction of free turnpikes will, in the next fifty years, make of southern Ohio the paradise of travel. HILLSBOROUGH CHURCHES. The material for the following church histories is derived from articles in the Highland Weekly News, of January 29, and February 5, 1880. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In preparing a summary of historical facts of this important society, we are saved the fear of being charged with not beginning with the beginning. We are able to state that the first sermon preached by a Methodist minister in Highland county was preached at the house of Mrs. Jane Trimble, mother of ex-Governor Trimble, in the year 1805, by the Rev. James Quinn. Mrs. Trimble resided at that time about three miles north of Hillsborough. If it should be claimed that this was no part of the history of the present Methodist Episcopal church of Hillsborough, we can only say that had the first sermon never been preached, the church would never have been founded. The first class in Hillsborough was formed in 1810, of which Mr. Joslin was made leader, In the following year a church was built on a lot then owned by John Hibben, on Court street. This first building was a very small, plain structure, and the church belonged to the Scioto circuit. Rev. Messrs. Hinkle and S. Timmons were the pastors, and the membership of the church was fifty-five. The church soon became too small for the rapidly increasing congregation, and in 1814 or '15, a large church was erected on the present site of the parsonage, on east Walnut street. It was built of hewed logs, thirty by thirty-six feet; had an octagon front, and was no doubt considered a fine building. The trustees were: William Joslin, Gustavus Rhodes, and George Shinn. Revs. Moses Trader and Alexander Cummins were the pastors, In 1822, a one-story brick church was erected on the site of the present building, to meet the wants of the constantly increasing numbers. The dimensions of the first brick church do not appear in the News, but we are told that it had a gallery on three sides, and was dedicated the year it was built, by Bishop McKendree. The trustees were: William Joslin, George Shinn, Newton Doggett, Adam Brouse, William Ambrose, Alexander Buntain, Amos Evans, and C. Crum. The pastors were W. J. Thompson and Z. Connell. Among the contributors to the building-fund were John Smith, C. Crum, A. Bunton, one hundred dollars each; Samuel Evans, sixty dollars; Adam Brouse and William Ambrose, each fifty dollars. The building cost one thousand eight hundred dollars, and at the time of its erection there were eighty members. The present building was erected in 1853, At that time there were four hundred and fifty-six members, and the Rev. William I. Fee was pastor. The church was received into the Chillicothe district in 1833. At the present time the membership of the church numbers six hundred and seven, the average Sunday attendance being about five hundred. The Rev. James Kendall is pastor. The church is one of the largest in the Cincinnati conference. The following are the names of the pastors who have been in charge of this church since its organization, in the order of their first service, beginning with 1805: Rev. Messrs. Luther Taylor, C. Cloud, James Quinn, Peter Cartwright [the celebrated], William Houston, M. Ladd, A. Goddard, G. Askins, Alexander Cummins, S. Hinkle, S. Timmons, Ralph Lotspeich, Walter Griffith, Moses Trader, Samuel West, Eli Truitt, Thomas Sewell, R. W. Finley [author of "Autobiography "], W. P. Finley, William Westlake, Job Baker, T. Leary, G. R. Jones, Moses Hinkle, Robert Delap, W. Page, H. S. Fernandes, W. J. Thompson, Z. Connell, James Havens, William Simmons, A. S. McClain, John Jones, A. M. Loraine, A. D. Fox, Frank Wilson, A. Sellers, John Ferree, James Quinn, Joseph M. Gatch, James I. Hill, G. W. Maley, G. W. Walker, Joseph A. Reeder, John Meek, Jacob Dixon, Henry Garner, H. Turner, R. Plummer, James HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 371 Clark, W. D. Barrett, Henry Wharton, C. C. Lybrand, J. C. Hunter, B, A. Cassatt, James A. Watterman, G. C. Crum, William I. Ellsworth, R. S. Foster, W. M. D. Ryan, Isaac Ebbert, M. P. Gaddis, W. H. Sutherland, J. F. Conry, M. Dustin, William I. Fee, Joseph M. Gatch, I. I. Beall, W. G. W. Lewis, Thomas Collett, L. F. VanCleve, Moses Smith, J. F. Marlay, T. S. Cowden, Lucien Clark, T. H. Pearne, and James Kendall, the present pastor. The Sunday-school was organized in 1829, by Mrs, Jane Trimble, and Mr. David Notson was the oneirst superintendent. It has been in operation ever since. Mr. L. Detwiler is the present superintendent, and the school numbers three hundred and fifty. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterian church of Hillsborough was organized in 1806, under the name of "Nazareth." Messrs. David Jolly and Wm. Keys were the first ruling elders. In 1805, Dr. James Hoge, then a mere youth, and just ordained, with an appointment as missionary, passed through this region and preached within the bounds of this society. The first preaching services were held in school-houses and at the residences of the members; but about the year 1810, a log church was built near the present Springer farm, about three miles east of town. This was occupied until 1816, when the preaching place was removed to Hillsborough, and the services were held in the court house. About 1818 or '19, a brick church was erected where the institute now stands. This was occupied until 1830, when a church was built on the site of the present one, on east Main street; in the spring of 1846, the present building was erected. The building committee were: Messrs. Wm. Scott, S. E. Hibben, Silas Hogsett, John A. Trimble, Jno. Herron, Foreman Evans, and D. J. Fallis. The first regular pastor of the church was Rev. Nichoplas Pittenger, who took charge October 4, 1810, when there were but eighteen members. In the same year Messrs. Salmon Templin and Richard Evans were elected ruling elders; and in 1816, the name of the church was changed to that of the First Presbyterian church of Hillsborough. Mr. Pittenger was succeeded in 182, by Rev. Samuel Davies Hoge, who preached half his time to this congregation. His pastorate, as also those of the Rev. Messrs. Adam B. Gilliland and Samuel D. Blythe, was very brief. In 1834, Dr. Samuel Steel entered upon a pastorate which closed with his death, November 22, 1869. Would that the historian found such records more frequent! When Dr. Steel commenced his pastorate, the session consisted of Messrs. Daniel and Richard Evans, Samuel and William Keys, Salmon and Terah Templin, Andrew Barry, David Jolly, S. E. Hibben, Samuel Linn, and T. C. Poage. During the ministry of the Rev. Samuel D. Blythe, the first board of deacons was elected, in 1833, consisting of Messrs. John M. Nelson, Joseph Kibler, and Robert Herron, and in .1834, the total membership was two hundred and thirty-one, Dr. Steel was succeeded by Rev. W. J. McSurely, the present pastor. The present membership of the church is four hundred and thirty-nine, and the average Sunday attendance is about three hundred. The church is in a flourishing condition, and its membership and influence cannot fail to be elements for good, in opposing the triple alliance of "the world, the flesh, and the devil." The Sunday-school of this church was organized in 1829, during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Blythe. Mr. Andrew Barry was the first superintendent ; Mr. E. Carson, assisted by Miss E. L. Grand-Girard is the present. The average attendance of the school is about one hundred and sixty, with a corps of twenty teachers. Bishop Merrill, of the Methodist Episcopal church, was at one time a pupil in this school, and also the Rev. Mr. Campbell, who went to India as a missionary, and was murdered, with his wife and two small children, during the Sepoy rebellion. Two other pupils of this school have entered the ministry—the Rev. H. Shockley, and the late Rev. Samuel Hibben, jr. The Hon. S. E. Hibben served the school in the capacity of superintendent for twenty- five years. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized in 1843. The Rev. J. K. Brownson was the first pastor, who served five years. He was succeeded by Rev. Levi Griffith, whose pastorate was a short one. The next pastor, the Rev. Mr. Hemingway, remained three years, and was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Walden, who served seven years. This pastorate was followed by two of one year each, the Rev. Mr. Cannon being succeeded by Rev. B. G. Sigfried, whose pastorate ended in 1863. The church then remained without a regular pastor, and with only occasional preaching until 1873, when the Rev. Mr. Gardner took charge and remained nine months. He was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. J. W. Weatherby, whose pastorate commenced in 5874. The church building was erected in 5844, and dedicated in December, 1845. The building was remodeled in 1874, during Mr. Gardner's pastorate, and still farther improved in the first year after Mr. Weatherby took charge, and is, in its interior finish and arrangements, one of the finest churches in the city. Prior to the building of their church, for a period of about one year, services were held in the c0urt house. The present membership of the church is fifty-six. The Sunday-school has forty-eight pupils, Mr. Weatherby being the superintendent; Charles Hutton, secretary ; Miss Flora Bean, treasurer, and Miss A. Weatherby, organist. ST. MARY'S CHURCH—(EPISCOPAL). The late venerable and beloved Isaac Sams, writing in his eighty-eighth year, and in the year of our Lord, 1876, to the Standard of the Cross, and giving reminiscences of his parish for the previous twenty-three years, uses this language in regard to one whose love for his church and the church of his fathers, as well as of "The Fathers," was the occasion of its ministrations being brought to one of the waste places of southern. Ohio: "The person most instrumental in bringing the church to Hillsborough, was William H. Bayard, son of Rev. Mr. Bayard, of New York 372 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. city, who died in the Holy Land, where he was traveling for his health. His son, who, with his young wife, had setlled in the vicinity of Hillsborough, about 1850, and was a very' strong churchman, and sorely troubled at the lack of church privileges, sent for the Rev. Mr. Freeman, from Chillicothe, to baptize his first child ; and, when the second was born, invited Rev. Mr. Grey, from Cincinnati. To both these gentlemen he poured out his griefs, and induced the latter to come and hold occasional services in Hillsborough." Rev. John Boyd, of Marietta, whose brother, J. Milton Boyd, had settled in the city, became so much interested in the establishment of the church in the place, that he offered his services to the Right Reverend Bishop McIlvaine, as a laborer in this field at his own charges. The bishop had, however, just appointed Rev. N. H. Schenck to take charge of Hillsborough and Troy, officiating on alternate Sundays. Mr. Schenck entered on his mission with great zeal, on the ninth of December, 1853. Soon after an association was formed, a vestry elected, and St. Mary's adopted as the name of the parish. The first vestry of St. Mary's Protestant Episcopal church was elected December 19, 1853, as follows: Isaac Sams, senior warden; J. Milton Boyd, junior warden; B. H. Johnson, jr., Nelson Barrere, J. W. Price, William H. Woodrow, William H. Bayard, C, H. Smith, J. W. Lawrence, and John Dawson. The vestry resolved to build a church at a cost of five thousand dollars. Mr. Schenck secured an architect from Cincinnati, who submitted a plan for a church, which the vestry, after a discussion, rejected, from a conviction that it would be impossible to build on that plan for five thousand dollars. Another plan of less pretension was offered, which the architect claimed could be built for five thousand dollars. This was accepted, and the church built—at a cost of twelve thousand dollars. The first lot purchased, the one on which the city building now stands, for one thousand one hundered dollars, was sold for one thousand six hundred dollars, and the advantage of a central location sacrificed. A Sunday-school was early established, under the superintendency of Alexander Sams, and has been, through the devotion of its friends, kept up to the present time, though there have been many discouragements. The subscription to the building fund had been most liberal, but the unexpected expenditure upon the church led unavoidably to an accumulation of debt, and debt always retards the growth of a church. Mr. William H. Bayard visited New York and secured five hundred dollars for the building fund, and his friend, Mr. Thomas P. Cummings, of that city,. gave to the church a communion service, suitable books for the lectern and prayer desk, one hundred volumes for the Sunday-school, and a handsome freestone font. Mr. Schenck also obtained considerable sums in aid of the church from his friends in Cincinnati. The edifice being finished and the remaining debt assumed by the vestry, the church was consecrated by Bishop Mcllvaine, in October, 1855. Mr. Schenck resigned in 1856, and was succeeded by the Rev. Warren H. Roberts, who remained two years from September, 1856. The Rev. Thomas Applegate accepted the call to the rectorate, May 15, 1859. Under his auspices the church was decorated for the Christmas season, some crosses being conspicuous among other symbols used in the decorations. To some of the congregation the crosses proved an offence, and the feeling engendered became so bitter that the heart of this learned, eloquent, and gentle divine was deeply wounded, and he resigned at the close of his only year. The vestry sent a committee to dissuade him from his purpose, but the "iron had entered his soul," and his determination was not to be revoked. It is a cause for congratulation that the use oft he cross in church architecture or decoration is not now considered by any body of Christians an evidence of superstition. At the recommendation of Assistant Bishop Bedell, Rev. Ezra Kellogg became rector, April, 1861. He was a man genial and lovable, tenderly watchful lover his charge, and fully possessing the confidence, respect and affection all his people. During the time of his rectorate, the last of of the church debt was paid, in 1862. The Rev. Wellington E. Webb succeeded the Rev. Mr. Kellogg in 1864, and then followed in succession Rev. John Steele, Rev. Thomas S. Bacon, Rev. H. S. Boyer (temporarily for six months), Rev, John H, Ely, and Rev. W. T. Bowen, who resigned December 7, 1878, At the Easter Monday election, 1872, lady members contributing support to the church were invited, after examination of the canon, to vote for the vestry. Substantially the same vestry which had built the church, and had been mainly instrumental in its support, were elected. The vestry and church at this period suffered a severe loss in the death of Dr. Carleton Sams, son of Isaac Sams, the first senior warden of the parish. Dr. Sams had been for many years a successful physician, and was a true friend and generous helper of the church, April 14, 1879, the following vestry was elected, the parish still being vacant : J. Milton Boyd, senior warden; Frank W. Armstrong, junior warden; William H. Trimble, F. H. Read, James W. Smith, Jacob Shilly, Henry S. Doggett, and Joseph S. Shaw. At the present time (February, 1880), Rev. Chester S. Percival, of the diocese of Iowa, is holding services temporarily, and it is to be hoped that a church, numbering in the past and present so many devout communicants, may not be long without the ministrations of a settled rector. ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. This church was organized in 1854, by Father Dely, and the church building was erected about the same time. Father Dely remained in charge about two years, and in 1856 Father O'Donoghue, now of Morrow, Ohio, took charge of the church and remained for four years. Father Perry then came from Milford, and remained about one year, when there was a vacancy of four months. Father Marrion was here from September until December, 1860, and the Rev. Michael O'Donoghue, the present priest, came in January, 1861, and has been in charge ever since. The present membership of the church numbers two hundred and fifty, four-fifths of which is within the corporation limits. Regular services are held at the church on three Sundays of each month, the Sunday-school meeting every Sunday. Father O'Donoghue is the su- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 373 perintendent, and an able corps of teachers is actively employed. THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Wayman chapel is located on West Pleasant street. The congregation worshipping here was organized in 1835, by Rev. Peter James. About the same time a one- story frame church was put up on east Walnut street, in what was then known as "Black Rock." The lot was purchased of Mrs. Esther Roberts for five dollars. The congregation continued to worship in the old frame until the present church building was erected, which was completed last year, and dedicated the first Sunday in June, by Bishop Wayman, of Baltimore, assisted by Elder P. Tolliver, and Rev. B, M. Carson, the pastor. The church is named Wayman chapel after the Bishop, and is a neat one-story brick structure, which cost about two thousand dollars, and will seat about three hundred people. The present membership numbers one hundred and sixteen, and the average Sunday attendance is about sixty-five. The church belongs to the Ohio African Methodist Episcopal conference. When the present efficient pastor, Rev. Mr. Carson, took charge, in September, 1878, the church was much run down; but, mainly through his efforts, it has been built up to its present prosperous condition, and the congregation, with a church just completed, is out of debt. The following is a list of the pastors since the organization of the church : Peter James, Moses Freeman, old Father Cousins, Noah Cameron, William Reynolds, L. Davis, Jeremiah Thomas, M. M. Clark, Simon Ratcliff, Samuel Wells, James Payne, John Gib- bins, John Stewart, Edward Epps, Alex. Austin, James Lawrence, John Hogan, W. Lee, Edward Wright, G. H. Toney and B. M. Carson. The trustees of the church at the time of the building of the new church were A. Trimble, W. Davis, W. Harris, G. Smith and Solomon Hudson; and the present trustees are John Johnson, Isaac Highwarden and G. W. Cunningham. The Sunday-school was organized in 1840, by Rev, Peter James, under the superintendence of Professor L. McHibben, who was followed by J. Delaney (colored) and others. It has about ninety members, and an attendance of sixty-five. Miss Anna Ford is secretary; Charlotte Fitzhugh, treasurer; and Mrs. Venie Dill, organist. Eight teachers are employed. THE WESLEYAN (COLORED) METHODIST CHURCH. This church belongs to the Miami conference, and was organized in 1873, under the pastorship of Rev. T. H. Clinton, and is located on north East street. There was no church building at the time of organization, and only seventeen members. The services were held regularly, however, at the houses of the members, and the following year the present church building was erected. Mr. Clinton remained in charge until the fall of 1877, when the Rev. S. M. Smothers took charge, the membership then being fifty-seven. The church building is a good, one-story brick structure, quite neatly finished, and will seat about three hundred people. The present membership is one hundred, and the average attendance on Sunday is one hundred and seventy-five. The con- gregation has a creditable record also, financially, in being able to write itself out, of debt. The doctrines of the Wesleyan church are the same as those of the Methodist Episcopal church, but there are no bishops, the church government being c0ngregational. The ministers of the Methodist Episcopal are appointed for one year, with the privilege of re-appointment for a second or third year, but those of the Wesleyan are chosen by the congregation, and remain as long as both parties are satisfied. The Sunday-school connected with the church has sixty-five pupils, and is in a flourishing condition. It was organized in 1874, under the superintendence of H. W. Brownlee. The present superintendent is Mr. J. Conner. THE NEW HOPE (COLORED) BAPTIST CHURCH is located on Beech street, near the Marietta & Cincinnati depot. The church was organized at John Young's residence, on north West street, in 1851. The first pastor was Elder Robert Allen, and the society organized with only four members. Mr. Young's residence was used as a place of worship until the old brick building near the depot was secured, which has been recently remodeled at a cost of one thousand and fifty dollars. This gives the congregation a neat one-story edifice, which is at once commodious and comfortable. Rev. C. M. Clark, of Xenia, the present pastor, took charge of the church in August, 1878, when there were thirty- two members. The membership has nearly doubled since that time, and the church has encouraging prospects. The following is a list of the pastors, in the order of their service : Elder Robert Allen, in 1851 ; Rev. Samuel Lewis, James Carey, W. H. Evans, J. Powell, Harrison Cox, Rev. ___ Cox, N. D. Pedifore, A. Hunt, J. L. Rickman, Albert Wayne, and C. M. Clark. The Sunday-school was organized in 1862, by Rev. J. Powell, and the present superintendent is Benjamin Williamson. The church belongs to the eastern division of the "Union Anti-slavery Association." COUNTRY CHURCHES. The Methodist Episcopal church has three circuit stations in the township, as follows: BROUSE'S CHAPEL, otherwise known as Pleasant Hill church, is located in the southeast part of the township, near Rocky fork. It is in the Marshall circuit, and was built in 1846. The present pastor is the Rev. I). A. McColm. PIKE CHAPEL is situated on the Cincinnati pike, about two miles west of Hillsborough. It is a substantial brick structure, built about the year 1856, at the cost of three thousand dollars. It has about sixty members, belongs to what is known as the Lynchburgh circuit, and is served at present by the Rev. Messrs. E. M. Cole and J. H. DeBruin. CLEAR CREEK CHAPEL, on the Samantha pike, three miles north of Hillsborough, was built in 1854. It is a commodious frame building, 374 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. belongs to the same circuit, and is now served by the same ministers, as Pike chapel. THE CLEAR CREEK COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH was organized about the year 1842, by the Rev. Walter Shilton (now of Chillicothe), with four members. It has had since that time seven pastors, as follows: The Rev. Messrs. Samuel Fox, J. Hackley, Sampson Lewis, Robert Allen, W. Evans, Albert Carter and C. Clark. The congregation is now without a pastor, but has occasional preaching. The membership, at one time, numbered nearly fifty, but, from various causes, it is now reduced to twenty-one. The church was built the same year with the organization. It is a comfortable log building, seating about a hundred and fifty, and is located about four miles northeast of town. HILLSBOROUGH CEMETERIES. The first place set apart for the burial of the dead in Hillsborough, was a lot of limited extent, on the east side of East street, at its junction with North, the present site of the African Methodist church. The lot was donated for a cemetery by the proprietor of Hillsborough, Benjamin Ellicott, a member of the Society of Friends, and a citizen of Baltimore. The first person buried in it was probably Andrew Edgar, who died from the bite of a rattlesnake, in 1808 or 1809. He had the same year settled on land east of the town, now the site of Greenwood cemetery. This graveyard, after many years had filled its silent streets with the narrow tenements that suffice alike the rich and the poor, fell first into disuse, and gradually into neglect. And though few sights are more melancholy than a neglected burial-ground, there are few towns that do not present these spectacles, so well calculated to wound every sensitive heart. Even Hillsborough, the model town, has such an one, and every passerby must devoutly wish that the monuments might be buried in the forgotten graves, so that all together might pass into forgetfulness. The second burying-ground was a lot procured under the auspices of the Presbyterian church, and was opened about the year 1818. This is situated at the east end of Main street, and is still used as a place of burial, though its condition proclaims that it has ceased to be an object of reverent care. GREENWOOD CEMETERY. In April of 1859, a cemetery association was formed with the following officers: Foreman Evans, president; J. R. Marlay, James S. Murphy, Dr. H. C. Sams, William Scott, Joseph Glasscock, John A. Patterson, James A. Trimble, and William O. Collins, trustees; Wilham M. Meek, clerk; Benjamin Barrere, treasurer. About thirty acres of woodland were purchased of Governor Trimble, and laid out by a landscape gardener as a cemetery, called " Greenwood." This beautiful spot, adorned with native forest trees and evergreens, whose flowers and shrubbery lend a charm to this sacred home of the dead, dispels the gloom with which the mind is too prone to invest the grave. This third cemetery is also becoming densely populated, and many fine and costly monuments of marble and granite point the moral of life's fitful dream. Four on fire acres have been sold by the association to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, for the purpose of a cemetery, and are still held by them. The following are the present officers: John A. Patterson, president; Benjamin Barrere, treasurer, J. S. Black, clerk; W. G. Richards, J. C. Gregg, M. T. Nelson, and J, M. Boyd. CATHOLIC CEMETERY. About three acres of ground, lying northeast of the town, were purchased by John W. Bell, in 1853, to be used as a cemetery by the Catholics. The sum stipulated to be paid was five hundred dollars. After the lapse of twelve years, the society not being able to raise the money, Peter Hughes bought it, and presented it to the church, on condition that the congregation should purchase a bell for the church. This condition was complied with, and a bell was bought for the sum of three hundred and fifty dollars. The cemetery was consecrated soon after Mr. Hughes paid for it. UNITED STATES MAIL ROBBERY. In the year 1828 the stage line from Bainbridge to Cincinnati, by way of Hillsborough, owned by Messrs. Trimble, was robbed of the United States mail, in a dense forest then at the east end of Main street, just beyond the present Female institute. The stage, driven by William Boersler, had left Hillsborough at about half past seven in the evening, with closed curtains, and one or two passengers. The mail bags were taken from the hind boot, the leather straps being cut, and the loss was not discovered until the next relay of horses, near Bainbridge, ten miles distant. A messenger was sent back to Hillsborough, and the postmaster, John A. Trimble, gave the alarm, and the citizens turned out in search of the lost mails. Early the next day the leather bag was found behind a log in the woods, not far from the road, and but a short distance from the town. Many letters were opened and the contents missing. One of these letters was from St. Louis, from Messrs. Scott & Rule, to their Philadelphia correspondent, covering a remittance of eight hundred dollars in half bills of the United States bank, of one hundred dollars each, the numbers and dates being given, and the other halves to be forwarded by the next mail. There were other letters found which had covered smaller remittances. It was soon remarked that a young man by the name of Smith, an artist, who had been in Hillsborough but a few weeks, was absent from his boarding place the day following the robbery, without explanation, and at once suspicion was directed towards him as the robber. Two weeks, perhaps, had passed without any clew to the mystery, when the sexton of the old Methodist church discovered signs that the ladder leading to the belfry had been used by some one going aloft. He called assitance, and, carrying a lantern they discovered the absentee, Mr. Smith, who had possession of the loft. He was at once arrested and the stolen money and letters recovered. Moses H. Kirby, esq., was the prosecuting attorney, HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 375 and the postmaster, Mr. Trimble, as agent for the government, had charge of the money and papers until the trial and conviction of the party, at the ensuing term of court in the spring. Young Mr. Rule, of the St. Louis firm came on, soon after being apprised of the recovery of their lost money, which he identified by their schedule of corresponding numbers, and was the prosecuting witness at the trial. Young Smith was a prepossessing stranger, of pleasing address and modest deportment, and had relatives in a neighboring county, of high standing, which secured to him a good deal of sympathy with the public. He was sent to Columbus, to the penitentiary, for a term of five years. At that period bank exchange was not known in commercial business, in the west, and United States notes, or eastern bank notes, were the only means of making remittances, and it was rare that a loss was reported. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The first settlers of Hillsborough were men of intelligence, and at an early day evinced a great interest in schools. Many of these pioneers were men of liberal education for that day, and were always ready and anxious to provide schools for their children. Very soon after the settlement of the town, pay or subscription schools were taught at intervals by James Daniel and others. The first of these schools, deserving of particular notice, was taught by Robert Elliott, who came here from Kentucky, at the instance of Allen Trimble, who had known him as a teacher in that State. Elliott opened his school in 1814, in a building on Walnut street, nearly opposite the Methodist church. At the start he had between thirty and forty pupils, and the number was somewhat increased afterward. He was considered a good teacher, and his school was continued for the following three years. It was attended by the children of the town, and by some from the adjoining country. Several of the pupils of this school are yet living, among whom are John A. Trimble, John M. Barrere, and Colonel Trimble. While this school was going on, the citizens of the town agitated the subject of the purchase of a lot and the erection of a school-house. A public meeting was held, at which it was determined to buy a lot and build a house, all to be paid for by subscription, and to be the property of the town for school purposes. Three managers were elected: Joseph Woodrow, J. D, Scott and George Shinn. They purchased of Jesse Williams, the lot on east Main street, on which John D. W. Spargur now resides, for fifty dollars. The deed bears date May 15, 1815. Very soon afterward a log school-house, twenty-five by thirty-five feet was erected upon this lot. The house was of hewn logs, and, in the language of the articles of agreement with the contractor, was "to be chunked and daubed with good lime and clay mortar on the outside, and to be lined with plank on the walls in the inside, and ceiled above head." On the completion of the house it was furnished with seats and desks of simple construction, but in consonance with the means of the people and in accordance with the furniture of their homes. Elliott first occupied this house, removing his school from the house on Walnut street, He remained in it till 1817., The next movement in the direction of better schools occurred in 1818. At that time the Madras or Lancastrian school system was attracting considerable attention in this country and Europe. Captain John McMullin came to Hillsborough from Virginia, and proposed to teach a school upon this plan. Several prominent citizens became interested in getting up the school, and a meeting was held, and articles of agreement and subscription were drawn up and signed by nearly all the citizens of the town. For the welfare and good government of the school, Allen Trimble, William Keys, Samuel Bell, John M. Nelson, Joshua Woodrow, sr,, John Boyd and William Wright were chosen trustees of the "Hillsborough Lancastrian School." These trustees were empowered to contract with McMullin to teach the school, and were to pay him a salary not exceeding six hundred dollars for the first year. They were also authorized to provide fuel and other necessaries. All expenses were to be paid by assessment on the subscribers in proportion to the number of scholars each sent to the school. The school was to be in session forty-eight weeks each year. To this school Allen Trimble subscribed four pupils, John Boyd four, William Keys three, John Jones three, Francis Shinn three, John Smith, Pleasant Arthur, Newton Doggett, and some forty others, one or two each. The school was opened in the log house on Main street, in September, 1818, and all the appliances of the Lancastrian system were provided. Among these latter was the sand desk, which supplied the place of the modern blackboard, Between sixty and seventy pupils were enrolled at the start, and the number was afterward increased, during the continuance of the school, to ninety. In 1821 an addition, twenty feet in length, was added to the school-house. This school seems to have prospered for four years, and whatever the defects of the system have been, it had the merit of turning out good readers, writers and spellers. Many of the present old residents were pupils in this school, among whom are Joshua Woodrow, jr., Mrs. G. W. Tucker, William H. Woodrow, Mrs. Dr. Kirby, Colonel Trimble, Mrs. J. M. Trimble and Mrs. J. P. Ellis. Several others are still living at other places. In these two early schools no provision was made for indigent pupils, excepting what assistance was given them by their abler neighbors, and that assistance was rarely withheld from the deserving. The Lancastrian school, under Captain McMullin, closed in 1823, An effort was made by John S. McKelvy to continue it, but he carried it on only for a short time, when the system was abandoned. No effort was made in these schools to teach anything beyond the common branches, excepting an occasional class in bookkeeping. The next school of any note was taught by Eben Hall and his wife, in the year 1826. The Halls were from Massachusetts, and both were well educated. Hall was a man of classical acquirements. He taught the ad- 376 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. vanced branches, and his wife the primary ones. Classes were taught by Hall in Algebra, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. The Hon. Nelson Barrere was a pupil of this school, and went thence to Augusta college. Owing to domestic and other troubles, Hall did not teach many months. He was succeeded by Benjamin Brock, who taught for a year or two. Judge Gregg also taught a school about the same time. In 1827 Robert Way, a Quaker preacher, who had been teaching in Fairfield township, came to Hillsborough, and taught a school. He was a teacher of very considerable reputation, and taught for many years in Clinton county, where he died a few years ago. In the year 1827, a movement was made in the direction of higher education in Hillsborough, which, on account of the impetus it gave the cause of education, and the results flowing from it, deserves extended notice. This movement resulted in the founding of the Hillsborough academy, a brief history of which will be found in another place. One of the most distinguished principals of the academy, was Professor Isaac Sams, who retired from the institution in 1851, about two years before it was finally given up. He died in Hillsborough, in December, 1878, at the advanced age of ninety years, having preserved, almost to the close of his life, his mental and physical faculties unimpaired. His labors in the course of education in this town and county, are held in grateful remembrance and appreciation. In addition to his services in the academy and the public schools, his work as school examiner was of great value. He was appointed examiner in 1838. Previous to that time the examinations for certificates had been conducted with very little system, After Mr. Sams undertook the work, the. board adopted a fixed method of strict examinations, and by abiding by this for thirty years the teachers of the county became worthy of the noble work they had to do. He also took an active part in the County and State Teachers' associations, and was, in 1851, president of the State Teachers' association. By his long and varied services he gained that respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens.he so well deserved. In this connection it is fitting to mention the services of Governor Allen Trimble, who, from his coming to the county, was to the day of his death, the friend of popular education. He took an active part in inaugurating the present common school system. Always foremost in the early educational enterprises at home, he accomplished much for the cause in Ohio when governor of the State. He appointed, in 1822, the commissioners to report a system of education adapted for common schools. Nathan Guilford, of this commission, secured the passage of the act in 1825, the first step toward the present school system. Governor Trimble, in his inaugural in 1826, and in his messages from that time to 1830, urged upon the legislature the interests and demands of the common schools, and rec0mmended increased taxation for their maintenance. His influence, more than anything else, effected the passage of the acts of 1831 and 1832. His services, when the system was in its infancy, cannot be over-estimated, and should always be remembered with gratitude by the people of Ohio. To no one person are they more indebted for the proud rank their schools have taken, than to Allen Trimble. During the years of the inception, growth and prosperity of the academy, the public schools were in operation as primary schools, and were gradually growing in usefulness. Instruction in them was confined to the primary branches. Under the laws of 1825 and 1831, a portion of the expense was paid from funds raised by taxation, and part by the patrons of the schools. Soon after 1832, schools sustained entirely by .public money were inaugurated. These schools were taught for the next few years by George McMillen, Mathew Simpson, and Messrs. Wilcox, Davis, and others. In 1827, a grammar school was taught by Joseph McD. Matthews, afterwards principal of the academy, the founder of Oakland Female seminary, and president of the Hillsborough Female college. For many years Mr. Matthews, assisted part of the time by Miss E. L. Grand- Girard, was an earnest and faithful teacher in the special department of female education. Their work, although not directly connected with the common school system, was efficient and important. In the year 1835, the old log school-house, built in 1815, gave place to a one-story brick school-house, erected on the same site. The first school in this house was taught by Mathew Simpson, who was afterward succeeded in turn by George McMillen, S. I). Beall, and D. Ruck- man. At this time the interests of the public schools were in a manner overshadowed by those of the academy and seminary. Still the rapidly increasing number of children requiring primary instruction demanded more room for the schools, and in 1846 a two-story building, known as the Walnut Street house, was built. The schools reopened in 1847, with David Herron and Amanda Wilson as teachers in the Walnut Street house, and William Herron and Mary Muntz in the old Main Street house. About one hundred and fifty pupils were enrolled, and the schools gave good satisfaction for the next year or two. In the year 1850, Professor Sams called the attention of the people to the benefits likely to accrue to the youth by an organization under the law of 1849, known as the Union School law. This was ably advocated by James Brown, of the News, and Mr. Emrie, of the Gazette, and was resolved upon by a popular vote; and, in the spring of 1851, a union school board of education, consisting of D. J. Fallis, John M. Johnson, J. R. Emrie, R. H. Ayres, Benjamin Barrere, and Washington Doggett, was elected. The organization was perfected during the year, and in the autumn the Union schools opened, with Henry M. Shockley as superintendent. The schools comprised three grades primary, secondary, and grammar, and in the latter a few high school branches were to be taught by the superintendent, if there were any pupils qualified to pursue them. The enrollment the first year was about two hundred and thirty, and the second, two hundred and seventy-five. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 377 In 1853 the use of the academy building was given to the Union schools by that corporation, and in May, 1853, the grammar department was moved to that house, under the. charge of Mr. Shockley and Eli Zink. At the close of the school year in 1853, Mr. Shockley resigned, and Rev. E. McKinney was appointed to the position of superintendent. It was determined at this time to add a high school department, to be taught by the superintendent, assisted by Professor Sams, whose services for half of each day were secured. The schools were in charge of Mr. McKinney until 1856, when he was succeeded by Mr. Sams, who remained in charge until 1858. During these last few years the system found favor, and it was believed by those interested that it would in time supplant all other schools. The schools opened in 1858, with Lewis McKibben as superintendent. In December, of this year, the old academy building, in which three grades were taught, was destroyed by fire. For the next eight years the schools were without good accommodations, changes of teachers were frequent, and they lost much of the ground they had gained in the few years before. In 1862 Mr. McKibben was succeeded as superintendent by John Edwards, and in 1864 he was succeeded by L. McKibben. For various reasons, no superintendent or "A" grammar teacher was employed for 1865, and the school, including the lower grammar and the grades below, was continued in charge of B. C. Colburn, of the B grammar grade. The board and the people had been convinced of the absolute need of a good building, which would accommodate all the schools under one roof. They had, in 1863, purchased a fine lot on west Walnut street for two thousand, six hundred and thirty dollars. The purchase was confirmed by the vote of the people, and preparations were commenced for erecting a commodious union school-house. Some delays occurred in commencing it, but in 1865 plans and specifications were drawn up for the present building. These articles and plans differed materially from those of the log house of 1815, which was, by the terms of the articles of agreement, to be "chunked and daubed." The contracts for building the new house were let in 1866, and the construction was pushed forward during that year and the next two. Some opposition was made to the project at the time, but now the entire intelligent portion of the community approve the action. The board, under whose auspices the house was built, consisted of C. S. Bell, James S. Murphy, Washington Doggett, N. Rockhold, J. C. Gregg and J. H. Mullenix. The old school-houses and lots were sold at public sale. The Main street lot sold for two thousand dollars. This, as we have seen, was bought in 1815 for fifty dollars, a big price at the time. At the beginning of the school year in 1866, the board resolved to restore the two grades that had been dropped, and to employ a superintendent and A grammar grade teacher. Accordingly, H. S. Doggett was employed as superintendent, and E. G. Smith for the A grammar grade. Although the schools had poor accommodations, they gradually increased in enrollment and favor with the people until the year 1868, when the new three-story building was completed and ready for occupancy. The schools were opened on the sixth of September in the new house, with the following corps of teachers: H. S. Doggett, superintendent; L. McKibben, high school teacher; E. G. Smith, A grammar; Mary Doggett, B grammar; Maggre Richards and Mary Ellis, intermediate; Serena Henderson, Matilda McFadden and Sarah J. Lambert, primary. A revised course of study and a code of regulations were reported by the superintendent and adopted by the board. At the start, four hundred and ten pupils were enrolled. These were examined and classified in their proper grades. Soon after the opening, another intermediate teacher was required, and Miss Ellen Eckly was employed. It was also determined to employ a teacher for the German language, and Gustav Chateaubriand was employed. In 1869, Miss Caroline Clay was chosen to this position, which she has filled creditably ever since. A regular high school course of study was adopted at this time, which, in 1872, was revised and extended, and arranged for three years' study. From that time forward the board determined to give diplomas to those pupils who satisfactorily completed the course. Pupils completing this course are prepared to enter college, or qualified for the active business of life. Every year men and ladies from the country attend the schools and qualify themselves for teachers, Many of these are doing good work in the country schools. The number of pupils enrolled at the beginning of the present term in the white schools was five hundred and forty, and in the colored, ninety. This latter department is taught in a commodious and convenient brick schoolhouse of two rooms, erected by the Union school and township boards. Two teachers are employed for the colored school, and good results have already accrued from their labors. The Union schools are now in great favor and appreciation by the youth and citizens of the town. A zeal for, and an interest in, learning, pervades the pupils of the school in all the grades, which, as much as anything else, insures their progress and success. The discipline is good, the number of the unruly and insubordinate being very small. Monthly examinations in writing are held, and public examinations twice in the year. The teachers of late years have been generally faithful, efficient and well qualified for their arduous duties. All of these hold certificates of a high grade from the county examiners, and the superintendent one for life from the State board of examiners. The good results of the past few years are, in a great measure, to be attributed to the liberal and enlightened policy of the board of education in retaining the services of successful and efficient teachers as long as they desire to remain. This has given the schools a character for permanency, and has prevented those disorganizing brains in the work which are the results of frequent changes t teachers or methods. The superintendent and several of the teachers have 48 378 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO been in the continuous service of the board for twelve or fourteen years past, Changes of teachers have not at all been frequent. In September, 1875, Mr. McKibben resigned his position in the high school, and retired from the profession on account of ill-health. He had filled the place since 1868. He was succeeded by E. G. Smith, who is doing his work in this grade thoroughly and successfully. The superintendent gives three-fifths of his time to teaching in the high school, and the remainder to supervision. Seventy pupils are enrolled in the high school. They are studying Latin, German, the sciences, and higher mathematics. The graduating class this year consists of ten pupils. The union schools are now managed by the following authorities: BOARD OF EDUCATION. C. S. Bell, Josiah Stevenson, E. L, Ferris, R. R. Waddel. CORPS OF TEACHERS FOR 1879-80. H, S. Doggett, superintendent; E. G. Smith, high school teacher ; J. M. Kay, A grammar teacher; W. L. Kelly, B grammar; Maggie Foraker, Bertha S. Reckly, Sarah E. Williams, intermediate; Emma J. Doggett, Maria Woodrow, Sarah J. Lambert, H. R. Fenner, primary; C. Clay, German; Rachel Conrad, penmanship. Jacob Pleasants and Anna Ford are teachers in the colored school, This sketch cannot be better concluded than with the following memoranda, furnished the writer by Professor Isaac Sams:" “To one who has closely watched the progress of education and its results in the county of Highland and village of Hillsborough, for over forty years, the vast amelioration in the attainments, the demeanor and moral status of the youth, seems almost miraculous. "And, in general, it may be affirmed of the educational condition of Highland county and of Hillsborough, the county town, that no agricultural county of an equal population can be found to excel it in either method or effect." [The foregoing sketch was prepared by Superintendent H. S. Doggett for the "Ohio Centennial Memorial School Volume," in 1876, and is reproduced here, with only such omissions, alterations, and additions, as were necessary to adapt and continue it to the present time-1880]. THE HILLSBOROUGH ACADEMY AND HIGHLAND INSTITUTE. Some time during the year 1828, a number of the citizens of Hillsborough and vicinity, who were interested in the cause of education, formed themselves into an association, under the name of the Hillsborough Academy, for the purpose of promoting the education of youth. During that year they raised money by subscription, and purchased in-lot number one hundred and three, on Main street, now occupied by John A. Trimble, on which there stood a two-story frame building about eighteen feet in width, by thirty-sixth in length. On the ninth of February of the following year, they received a charter of incorporation from the legislature of Ohio, in which the following persons were named as incorporators, viz.: William Keys, Jacob Kirby, Joshua Woodrow, sr., Isaac Telfair, Allen Trimble, Andrew Barry and John M. Nelson. These persons were authorized by the act to serve as trustees of the corporation until the time designated for the regular annual election. The records of the corporation until February, 1843, have been mislaid. It is known, however, that Governor Allen Trimble was elected president of the board of trustees at the first meeting, and that he continued to occupy that positon without interruption until April, 1854, when he was succeeded by General J. McDowell. General McDowell was succeeded, in April, 1860, by Samuel E. Hibbon. Colonel W. O. Collins was elected a member of the board in 1835, and acted as its efficient secretary for many years. Dr. C. C. Sams, Judge Thomas Barry, Judge R. D. Lilley, sr., James M. Trimble, and other prominent citizens, were active members of the board at various times in the history of the academy. From the time of its purchase until 1831, the building on Main street was occupied by the Rev. J. McD. Matthews as a high school. He was followed by James A. Nelson, who opened a high school for boys and girls, assisted in the female department by Miss Ann Kemper, of Walnut Hills, In 1836 the lot was deeded to John A. Trimble, and in 1840 the building was removed to a vacant lot on the opposite side of the street, where Mr. Nelson continued to carry on the male department of his scho0l during the next year, In 1842 the school was removed into a room on the corner of High and Beech streets. Through the instrumentality of Governor Allen Trimble the first board of trustees purchased, at a nominal price, two large surveys of land, one in the county of Fayette, of John Brown, and the other in the county of Highland, of Adam Hoop, after the payment of all taxes, and the small amount of purchase money, and the quieting of titles by the judgment of the courts, these two surveys of land, under the economical management of the original trustees and their successors, furnished a considerable capital to the corporation. Out of the proceeds of the sale of these lands the trustees purchased another lot on north High street, in Hillsborough, north of the railroad, and opposite the residence of Colonel Colhns. In the month of February, 1843, the board of trustees, consisting at that time of the following gentlemen: Allen Trimble, James A. Nelson, S. E. Hibbon, Jacob Kirby, William O. Collins, C. C. Sams, and Thomas Barry, determined to undertake the erection of a more commodious building for the accommodation of the academy. C. C. Sams and W. O. Collins were appointed a committee to prepare specifications, and invite and receive bids for the construction of the building, and these gentlemen, under the advice and direction of the board, acted as a building committee until its completion. A plan drafted by the Rev. E. Grand-Girard, for the contemplated 'building, was adopted by the committee, under the approval of the board. The means for its construction were obtained, principally, from subscriptions of the citizens, who had responded most liberally to the appeal of the committee. But money was scarce, and most of the pledges were payable in materials, labor, and merchandise; and the academy lands, in parcels to suit contractors, was made to take the place of ready money. Under these circumstances a departure from the usual method of contracting for buildings became necessary, HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 379 but under the judicious management of the building committee, all difficulties were surmounted. Contracts were entered into with John Caldwell and Gilbert McHugh f0r digging the cellar, and quarrying and delivering the stone for the foundation; with William Shepherd and Peter Doran, for laying the stone, and making and laying the brick; and A. B. Gossett, for furnishing the lumber; with Jenkins Manker, for the plank flooring and sheeting; with J. B. Shinn, for the carpenter work; with A. C. Lany, for cut stone for water-tables, lintels, and door sills; and with Patrick Carr, for plastering. Nearly all of these contractors, except the carpenter, were to take payment in subscriptions or land; but, as they were generally persons of small means, and taking property instead of cash, the work progressed slowly, and called for unwearied care and patience on the part of the committee. On the twenty-third of July, 1845, the trustees having organized a school in the new building, the charge of the academy was offered to Mr. Isaac Sams, which he accepted. Mr. Sams was in a high degree successful in the management and instruction of the school, and his connection with it continued until 1851, when he resigned. And here a becoming regard to the entire public sentiment, requires an acknowledgment, that rare scholarly attainments were united in Mr. Isaac Sams, with those higher and nobler qualities, which perfect whatever is manliest in man, and exhibit that highest type of manhood, a genial, enlightened, christian citizen. Mr. Sams died at a ripe old age, in the year , regretted by all who knew him. Mr. Frederic Fuller succeeded Mr. Sams in the charge of the academy, and continued in that position until, in the month of April, 1853, the board of education of the town of Hillsborough, applied to the trustees of the academy for the use of their buildings, library, and apparatus, for the accommodation of the union schools, which request the stockholders resolved to grant; the same being free of rent for the term of two years, and such a school to be maintained as was required to be kept up by the academy. The board of education were also pledged to take reasonable and proper care of the academy buildings, and to return them, if so required, in as good condition as they received them. The property continued in the use of the union schools until its unfortunate destruction, by fire, in 1858, caused by piling wood under and around the stove at night. Its loss was regarded as a public calamity, for, though claiming no merit on the score of architectural beauty, it was spacious and convenient, and for strength and durability has had few equals in Highland county. The structure itself, when complete, cost about six thousand dollars, which was a remarkably low cost, considering the character of the building. Its low cost and thorough construction were due to the wisdom of the board and its committees, and the peculiar methods under which they were compelled to build. After the destruction of the academy by fire, as related above, it was never rebuilt. Soon after, steps were taken to dispose of the ground, 0n which it had stood, together with the rest of the landed estate still owned by the board of trustees. Everything was sold, with the exception of the Oakland Seminary property, which the trustees had purchased of Dr, Matthews in 1847, and the use of which they had given, first to him, and afterward to Miss E. Grand-Girard. The result of these sales, amounting to something over five thousand dollars, was, in 1866, invested in the new building which took the place of the old Oakland seminary. It will be seen, therefore, that Miss Grand-Girard's "Highland Institute" which, for nearly a quarter of a century, has been so usefully and so successfully maintained in that picturesque locality, is the lineal descendant, in property history, incorporation—everything, in short, except catalogue name, of the old Hillsborough academy. Long may it flourish in transmitting to future generations the beneficent influence put in operation by the far-seeing men of Hillsborough, fifty-two years ago. As a fitting close of this sketch we give, below, the names of the present trustees, one of whom, Hon. S. E. Hibben, has been president of the board for the past twenty years, and another, Colonel William H. Trimble, is a son of Governor Allen Trimble, one of the original incorporators. Hon. S. E. Hibben, president; Hon. A. Hart, secretary; E. F. Ferris, esq., treasurer ; J. W. Patterson, esq., J. S. Black, esq., Col. William H. Trimble and James Brown, esq. OAKLAND FEMALE SEMINARY. The Rev. Joseph McDowell Matthews, of Kentucky, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, made an engagement with the trustees of the academy corporation, by which he opened an academy for boys, in 1827, in the town of Hillsborough. This school was continued until 1831, when he resigned his charge of it, and joined the Ohio Annual conference, and spent the next three years in successful ministerial labor. His health and voice failing, he retired to a farm where he spent nearly six years. In 1839, with improved health, he returned to Hillsborough, and purchasing of Robert Jones the lot at the eastern terminus of Main street, on which stood the old Presbyterian church, he commenced in that building a female school, under the name of Oakland Female seminary. This school, through the peculiar fitness of Mr. Matthews for the department of education which he had chosen, acquired a wide reputation, and commanded a hberal patronage, receiving many pupils from distant States. The school continued in a most flourishing condition until 1857, when the Hillsborough Female college corporation, having completed the fine buildrng erected for that institution, elected Dr, Matthews to its presidency. This position he accepted, and having been .one of the most earnest workers in the establishment of the college, he regarded it as the lineal descendant of the seminary. In 1847, to relieve the seminary from embarrassment, the trustees of the academy purchased of Mr. Matthews the lot and building, which he continued to occupy for the purposes of the school, until his removal to the col- 380 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. lege. During the continuance of Oakland Female seminary, there were enrolled on its catalogue one hundred graduates. On the retirement of Dr. Matthews from the Oakland Female seminary, in 1857, that institution ceased to exist—Miss Grand-Girard giving the name of Highland institute to the school which she soon after established in the same location. But on his return from Kentucky, in 1863, the doctor opened a private school in his residence, just east of the institute, to which he gave the same familiar name which his popularity as a teacher had made a household word throughout southern Ohio, more than twenty years before. This school continued about nine years, when Dr. Matthews again accepted the presidency of Hillsborough Female college, and the name of the seminary again passed out of existence, nevermore to be revived. THE HILLSBOROUGH FEMALE COLLEGE. This institution was orgamzed and established as a corporation, "for the purpose of promoting education, religion, and morality among females, and for no other purpose," under the laws of Ohio, and by articles of incorporation of the date of May 21, 1855. These articles were duly recorded in the office of the recorder of Highland county, Ohio, and signed by James H. Thompson, Jacob Saylor, John Dill, Wm, 0. Collins, J. I, Woodrow, J. R. Emrie, J. H, Mullinix, J. McD. Matthews, John Baskin, J. Milton Boyd, and D. Fenwick. The corporation had a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars, divided into shares of twenty-five dollars, with ten per cent interest, payable annually in tuition, if demanded, and with fifteen trustees, eight of whom are appointed by the Cincinnati conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. The college edifice, which, together with the grounds and furniture, cost about fifty thousand dollars, was finished in 1857, and possession of it was formally given up to the Rev. Joseph McD. Matthews, as president of the collegiate and literary departments, by the board of trustees of the corporation, who at that time consisted of the sifollowing members: James H. Thompson, president; J. M. Boyd, Alexander Buntain, Joseph H. Mullinix, David Fenwick, Edward Easton, Henry Turner, John Dill, William M. Meek, Joseph McD. Matthews, Jacob Saylor, and James J. Dryden. The following have been the presidents of the college and literary department: Rev. Joseph McD. Matthews, appointed in 1857, and resigned in December, 1860; Rev. W. G. W. Lewis, appointed as his successor, and resigned in June, 1861. From the resignation of Mr. Lewis to August, 1863, when the Rev, Henry Turner was appointed president, the college and literary department was under the control and management of Miss Jennie Warren, now Mrs. Dustin. Her associate, the Rev. Henry Turner, held the place of president until June, 1864, when the Rev. Allen T. Thompson was appointed to the presidency of the college. Mr. Thompson resigned in December, 1865, and the Rev. D. Copeland was appointed the same month as his successor. Mr. Copeland resigned, August, 1872, when the Rev. Joseph McD. Matthews was reappointed president and served until August, 1877, when he resigned, and the Rev. J. F. Loyd, the present incumbent, was appointed president by the board of trustees. The graduates from the college since its completion in 1857, number one hundred aed thirty-four, and are from twelve States and one territory, but chiefly from Ohio. The college edifice was thoroughly repaired in 1877, and with an endowment bestowed by the last will of Mrs. Drusilla Buntain, late of Hillsborough, amounting to six thousand five hundred dollars, and with the return of financial prosperity, there can not fail to be, in the near future, a return to the days of its greatest usefulness for this institution ; which, in the language of its founders, was established for the promotion of education, religion and morality. The following is the present board of trustees: Hon. John A. Smith, president ; J. Milton Boyd, esq., secretary; Asa Haynes, esq., treasurer; James Thomson, esq., James Reece, esq., Jacob Saylor, esq., F. I. Bumgardner, esq., E. Holmes, M. D., John L. West, esq., Joseph M. Hiestand, Hardin Roads, Rev. Thomas H. Pearne, D. D., Rev. J. T. Bail, Rev. M. Dustin, D. D., and Rev. A. Meharry, D. D. Dr, Meharry died since the election of the board for 1879-80. If the Hillsborough Female college be considered the lineal descendant of Oakland seminary, through the connection of Dr. Matthews with both, it is among the oldest in Ohio,-in which a thorough education is given to girls. As a proof that the location is eminently healthy, it is only necessary to refer to its remarkable record, that in the course of over forty years no death has occurred among its boarders. The site of the building is exceptionably fine, and it would seem that the citizens of Hillsborough had selected the gem among the many lovely building-spots with which their town and its vicinity abound, and had dedicated it to female education, wishing thus to symbolize the elevation and purity which should characterize cultured and christian womanhood. Is it not significant, too, that the foundation of an endowment has been laid by one who had had ample means to judge of the worthiness of the object to which she bequeathed a portion of her wealth? May this sum be many times multiplied through the contagion of so goodly an example, as well as from an earnest desire to promote christian education [never more needed than now] which should animate the hearts of God's people, inclining them to make this most fitting ackowledgement that it is He who hath given them power to get wealth. President Loyd and his accomplished wife and daugh- HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 381 ters, with several competent assistants, are devoting themselves with commendable zeal, fidelity and self-denial, to the arduous work which they have undertaken. And the writers of this history, who have been for some months members of their household, gladly bear testimony to the air of christian refinement, as well as domestic comfort, which pervades the institution under their management. ODD FELLOWS. Lafayette Lodge, No. 25, the parent lodge in the county, was instituted at Hillsborough, January 16, 1844. James M. Keyes, James H. Starry, Isaac W. Parker, and Charles W. B. Jacobs were the charter members, of whom James M. Keyes is the only one living. Over three hundred have since that time been enrolled as members of this lodge, from which have been organized thirteen lodges in this county, and one or two in adjoining counties. Tawawa Encampment, No, 57, was instituted December 1, 1853, by Paxton Coates, of Cincinnati. The charter members were Charles Wiley, James S. Murphy, James Brown, E. W. Shriver, Michael Haller, John M. Lemon, William West, and Thomas E. Beach. Of the charter members, Brown, Haller, and Shriver, are still members of the encampment. ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN. Buckeye Lodge, No. 17, was instituted February 13, 1874. One of the main features is an insurance of two thousand dollars, which the heirs of each member who dies in good standing are entitled to receive. The charter members of this lodge were William H. Glenn, P. C. Eckley, Josiah Stevenson, Joseph S. Ellifritz, Jacob Schilly, Dr. William Hoyt, Ezra Stevenson, Emanuel Young, John Hern, Joseph Schott, Jacob Shack, C. A. Thornburg, W. R. Cooper, L. Fahrlander, Peter Greiser, Peter E. Brown, Samuel Mahan, J. B. Perkins, Daniel Koch, W. C, Cowman, Samuel Syle, jr., and James A. Nordyke. Three member of this lodge have died— Mahan and Syle, of the charter members, and W. McClure—the heirs of each having received two thousand dollars. THE ROYAL ARCANUM was established in this city Wednesday evening, January 21, 1880, at the Odd Fellows' hall, with about twenty members. The organization is somewhat similar to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, insurance of the members' lives being one of the main features. The lodge meets, as above, every two weeks. The following are the officers: William E. Evans, past regent; Colonel W. H. Glenn, regent; Colonel Picard, vice-regent; Joseph Ellifritz, orator; J. M, Hughey, secretary; Harry Glenn, collector; U. S. Price, treasurer; Captain J. M. Hiestand, chaplain; Philip Work, guide; Theodore Simonson, warden; C. M. Hersha, sentry; J. S. Black; W. H. Glenn, Dr. W. Hoyt, trustees. THE MASONIC FRATERNITY IN HILLSBOROUGH.* On the ninth day of January, A. D., 1817, sixty-three years ago, a dispensation was granted by the grand lodge * Written for this work by the Hon. William M. Meek. of Ohio to open and work a lodge of Masons, "free and accepted," in Hillsborough, Ohio, and subsequently, on the third day of March, A. D., 1817, A. L. 5,817, Henry Bush, then grand master of the grand lodge of Ohio, instituted Highland Lodge, No. 38, with the following officers, being then the charter members of said lodge, to wit: George W. Barrere, W. M.; Henry Davis, S. W.; Samuel Daniels, J. W.; Joseph McClain, secretary: William Thompson, treasurer; Robert January, S. D.; Cyrus A. Baylor, J. D. The installation was public, the ceremonies being in the court house, conducted by the grand master and his assistants, brothers Foote, of Clermon Social Lodge, No. 29, and Scott, of Scioto Lodge No. 6. This small band of Masons formed the nucleus around which the brethren of the "mystic tie" in this region rallied, working on steadily for years, diffusing light. The first person made a Mason in the new lodge was Benjamin H. Johnson, made in May, 1817, to whom the fraternity is indebted for their present financial condition, and a beautiful home secured to them for all time to come. Following the history of the organization from its beginning, we find down to 1826, 1827, and 1830, such men as Richard Collins, Samuel Bell, Moses H. Kirby, and our own John M, Barrere, the last two being the only survivors of the lodge of that early day. The Hon. Moses H. Kirby, having been made a Mason in North Carolina, is now eighty-two years old, and a member of the State legislature, honored and loved by all who know him. The second, the Hon. John M. Barrere, now trembling on the verge of the grave, almost eighty years of age, was made a Mason, his own father officiating, fifty-four years ago in Highland Lodge, No. 38, and has been in the highest sense a devoted and faithful Mason all these years, serving as master of his lodge, high priest of his chapter, thrice illustrious master of his council, and is now the venerable prelate of Highland Commandary, No. 31, K. T., during the years of his Masonic life, seeking not his own by the elevation and glory of the beloved order with which he has been so long and so honorably associated, and now, in his last days, trusting without question in the great architect of the universe for support in the last trying hour. From this, now old lodge, have gone out Leesburgh Lodge, No. 78, Lynchburgh Lodge, No. 178, and Greenfield, No. 318, and Buford Lodge, No. —, all diffusing light in their several localities. The following is the present roster of the officers of Highland lodge, to wit : Joseph M. Hibben, W. M.; A. W. Downham, S. W.; John W. Higgins, J. W.; C. M. Overman, treasurer; C. Newby, secretary ; William E. Evans; S. I).; John C. Lemon, J. D.; James B. Rowe, tyler. Hillsborough Chapter No. 40, Royal Arch Masons, was organized October, A. D. 1849, with the following officers and charter members, to wit : John M. Barrere, H. P.; Z. Connell, king; Benjamin H. Johnson, scribe ; John W. Woollis, J. K. Marlay, John E. Dalton, David Scott and William Thompson. The present officers are E. Carson, H. P.; William M. Meek, king; R. S, Quinn, scribe; F. J. Picard, C, H.; George W. Barrere, P, S.; William Hoyt, R. A. C.; A. 382 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO W. Downham, G. M., third vail ; Phil. H. Work, G. M., second vail; William C. Newell, G. M. first vail; James B. Rowe, guard. Hillsborough Council No. 16, R. and S. M., has the following officers: George W. Barrere, thrice illustrious; John Powell, deputy illustrious ; S. G. Van Winkle, P. C. W.; John C. Gregg, treasurer ; F. J. Picard, recorder; t. Carson, captain guard ; C. Noble, conductor; A. W. Downham, steward; James B. Rowe, sentinel. Highland Commandery No. 31, Knight Templars, was organized October, A. D. 1877, with the following charter members: William M. Meek, first E. C.; S. P. Scott, first generalissimo, and J. S. Trimble, first captain general; John M. Barrere, Samuel Amen, W. F. Galbreath, John C. Gregg, C. L. Telfair, 1). Murphy, R. M. Johnson and C. Noble. The present officers are William M. Meek, E. C.; William E. Evans, generalissimo; John Matthews, captain general; John M. Barrere, prelate; William Hoyt, S. \V.; Erskine Carson, J. W.; 0. S. nice, treasurer ; John W, Higgins, recorder; Phil. H. Work, standard bearer; F. J. Picard, warden; James B. Rowe, sentinel; J. M. Schott, W. C. Newell and G. W. Barrere, guards. Thus has masonary grown in the years since its small beginning of sixty-three years ago, and now numbers among its members of the different orders some of the best men in the community, and exerting a wide influence for good. SHEPHERD's HISTORY OF OHIO. The Hon. Henry A. Shepherd, a prominent lawyer of Hillsborough, and a member of the Ohio State senate during the years 1874 and 1875, is engaged in the preparation of a "Popular History of Ohio," to be published by J. C. Yorston & Co., of Cincinnati, in sixteen parts or numbers; making, when completed, two large octavo volumes. The work is to be profusely illustrated by landscape views, portraits, and drawings of the most disdistinguished works of the Mound Builders. Through his recent membership in the senate, and his present connection with .the two leading scientific and literary societies of the State namely, the Archeological society and the Historical and Philological society—Mr. Shepherd has ready access to the State archives and all other sources of information necessary for the successful accomplishment of his responsible task, And that he possesses the requisite literary qualifications for the work he has undertaken, is sufficiently evident, not only from the prominent positions he has held, but also from his numerous contributions to the periodical literature of the day. The undertaking of such a work in Hillsborough is a part of its history which we are pleased to put on record; and we heartily wish our historiographical brother that success in his arduous enterprise, to which his courage in attempting it justly entitles him. We understand that the first number is to be issued some time in June of the present year, 1880; and that the whole will be published in about a year from that time. It will no doubt be a valuable addition to the archeological literature of the State. STOCK SALE DAY. About the year 1870, the leading horse dealers of Highland county agreed together to establish a sort of monthly horse fair, and invite all pers0ns in this and the neighboring counties, wishing to sell or buy, to meet at the county seat on the day appointed; the former with their animals, and the latter with their money or credit, with which to purchase. The idea proved to be very popular; and the first Saturday of each month, which was the day agreed upon for the fair, soon became signalized by the gathering of a great crowd in Hillsborough, composed partly of buyers and sellers, and partly of mere "lookers-on in Venice." And as other kinds of live stock besides horses were occasionally brought to market on that day, it was christened "stock sale day," and became, far and near, the most noted in the calendar. Buyers even from Baltimore, and other cities of the remote east, are often present, either in person or by their agents; and more than a hundred horses sometimes changed owners during the day. It is easy to see how this institution has conduced to the production of fine stock in Highland county, and how it has made the first Saturday of each month a very active day, and, in some departments of trade, a very profitable one, in Hillsborough. But it is also easy to see how, in the existing state of society, such monthly gatherings might readily give rise to some very inconvenient and disagreeable concomitants. Given the "rough" element which enters largely into the composition of such gatherings; the place of meeting in a town of four thousand inhabitants; and eight or ten drinking places "in full blast," dealing out to the thirsty crowd, absolutely without restriction, all the vile but tempting decoctions which muddle or infuriate the brain, and it is by no means difficult to imagine the result. On the last sale day, May 1, 1880 (as we are credibly informed), over fifty drunken men were seen in the streets. Several fights and other serious broils occurred, and a number of arrests were made by the police. But, so far as we can learn, the real originators of the disturbances were left unmolested. Alas for our civilization, when such a story can be true of the very town made famous as the starting point of the temperance crusade! THE WOMAN'S TEMPERANCE CRUSADE. In writing the history of other towns, which were visited some six years ago by that most remarkable and impressive outbreak against the evils of dram-selling, of which has been given the very descriptive and appropriate name of "The ,Woman's 'Temperance Crusade," we have not felt it incumbent on us to give it any extended notice, since it had there taken its place only as one among many other moral and religious enterprises, all, perhaps, having an equal claim upon our consideration. And, to notice them all, would not only have carried us beyond the scope and design of our work, but would have swollen its size beyond the limits assigned by actual necessity. But in Hillsborough, where the movement had its origin, the state of the case is essentially changed. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 383 The very fact of its beginning here gives it a historical importance in this place, which it could not possibly have anywhere else. And, besides, some of the circumstances attending the movement here were unique in their character, and well suited to give interest to our narrative. We have decided, therefore, to present as full a sketch as our space will permit, of this wonderful movement. And, as the best means of giving a vivid impression of the thrilling scenes as they passed, we will make a series of extracts from the Hillsborough press or, in an address published here soon after the events had transpired —and finish with such reflections as the history itself may suggest to our minds. We will begin with an account of the exciting cause of the crusade, viz.: THE LECTURE OF DIO LEWIS.* “The temperance lecture of Dio Lewis, delivered at Music hall on Tuesday evening of last week, drew out a very large audience, filling the hall almost to its greatest capacity. The lecture was one of the most eloquent and effective appeals to which we have ever had the pleasure of listening; and it aroused every friend of the temperance cause who heard it to a more vivid realrzation of the evils of the liquor traffrc, and to a more earnest determination to suppress or check the unlawful sale of liquor, by every proper means which afford the least hope of success, In his lecture the previous evening, Dr. Lewis referred to a movement for the suppression of dram-selling, set on foot, and triumphantly carried out, by the women of his native village in New York, some forty years ago. His father, like most of the men of the village, was intemperate; and the unfortunate children had to work in the mills and factories to support themselves and their parents. At last the suffering wives and mothers, led by his own mother, resolved to go in a body to the liquor sellers, and appeal to their better nature, to stop a traffic which was carrying sorrow, and degradation, and poverty, to so many of their homes. "Before starting out on their noble undertaking these good christian women met in the village church and asked God to aid and protect them, and crown their efforts with success ; and, while kneeling before the altar they solemnly pledged each other to persevere, and never to abandon the contest until the victory was won. Thus consecrated to the holy cause, they went boldly into the enemy's strongholds, armed with bibles and hymn books, and prayed, wept, sang, exhorted, argued and entreated, until the hearts and consciences of the guilty dealers in the fiery poison were touched and softened, and yielded to the invincible power of woman's pleadings and woman's tears. The sale of intoxicating drinks was stopped, and the moral heroines who, with the divine blessing, achieved the great victory, were more than repaid for their noble self-sacrifice, by the return of peace and plenty and happiness to their loved homes, once so joyless and desolate. "And all this, continued the eloquent speaker, was the work of a few feeble, delicate, sorrowful, but noble, devoted and faithful christian women. How did they accomplish it? By going forward bravely, asking God to help them, and putting their trust in Him. "And why may nol the chrislian women of Hillsborough, he asked, accomplish a similar work in the same way? He then put the question to the women present, whether they were in favor of trying the experiment in Hillsborough; and the response was unanimously in the affirmative. All who were willing to act as a committee to visit the liquor dealers were then requested to rise, and more than fifty promptly responded. "At Dr. Lewis' suggestion, it was then moved that a committee of at least fifty men be formed, to stand by the women in this great work, and render them all necessary aid and support. Papers were immediately circulated, and in a few minutes the names of fifty leading citizens were enrolled, pledging themselves to aid the women to the extent of their means and personal influence. "A resolution to meet at the Presbyterian church at nine o'clock next morning, to organize and proceed to busiUess was then adopted, and brief and stirring speeches in favor of the movement were made by Rev. Messrs. Clayton, McSurely, Cowden, Ely, and Gardner, Colonel William Trimble, Hon. S. E. Hibben and Judge Matthews." With these preliminaries, the ladies commenced work * From the Highland Weekly News, January 1, 1874. in accordance with the plan suggested by Dr. Lewis. The address, to which we have referred, gives a detailed account of the method of proceeding; but, before making any extracts from that, we will cite a few passages from the weekly papers, showing the immediate effect produced. In the weekly News of January 8, 1874, less than two weeks after the movement commenced, the editor testifies to the reaction in public sentiment, in these words: " Liquor drinking is becoming disreputable, under the pressure of public sentiment against it, and much less is being sold and drank. "Last Saturday was stock sale day, but only one or two drunken men were seen the whole day, and the ' calaboose' was empty at night; an almost unprecedented occurrence. " After five weeks continuance of the work, the night watchmen say, that since the temperance movement began, the streets at night are so quiet, that Hillsborough seems almost like another town. Only one drunken man in the calaboose in five weeks." At the same date the night meetings in the churches and in Music hall were crowded, and the interest increasing. January 29. "Each day during the past week, the brave and devoted christian women have met at the Presbyterian church, and, after earnest prayer and consultation, have moved out to the attack upon the enemy's strongholds still holding out. Last Saturday they laid a regular siege to the drug store of Mr. Dunn, who had locked them out for the first time the day before. On that day they found themselves locked out again, but, nothing daunted by this indignity, they encamped about the entrance and filled the side hall leading to his private room, and soon the streets resounded with their beautiful hymns, followed by the subdued and solemn voice of prayer. Thus for seven long hours, without intermission, did these noble christian soldiers fight the good fight of faith, and offer up prayer to God for victory over the stubborn and unyielding proprietor of the store. " As fast as one detachment became tired and cold—for it was a bitter cold day, with a keen and cutting wind blowing—they were relieved by a fresh detachment, and went into the residence of Mrs. John A. Smith, a few steps distant, to warm and rest, and then renew the fight. Mrs. Smith kindly furnished the ladies an excellent lunch at noon, so that they could continue the siege without interruption." Such a scene was never before witnessed in Hillsborough (or anywhere under the sun), and the impression it produced on those who witnessed it, was deep and abiding. It was a good day's work for the temperance cause, making many new friends for the movement, and materially weakening the enemy's lines. It is rumored, continues the editor, "that Mr. Dunn has threatened to sue the women for trespass, and Judge Matthews has volunteered to defend them without charge." In the News of January 29, 1874, a list of subscribers to a guarantee fund was pubhshed, including a hundred names of leading citizens, pledged in sums from fifty to three hundred dollars. There were twenty-five pledges to the fund, of two hundred dollars each; sixty-nine, of one hundred; six, of fifty, and one, of three hundred dollars. At a meeting of the Woman's Temperance association of Hillsborough, held in the Presbyterian church, Thursday, January 22nd, the following resolution was adopted : "Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to invite every woman in Highland county to be present and assist in the work on Saturday, February 7, 1874." The following is a portion of the eloquent appeal accompanying the invitation : "The committee of invitation earnestly urge every woman who feels 384 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. the importance of the great cause, to come to Hillsborough on the day named, and give her influence on the side of right and humanity. Who can number the victims of intemperance in our county ? What desolating, soul-destroying effects has this potent agency of Satan wrought in our community? Can parental care and love protect our sons from its deadly power? Are intellect and culture safeguards from its venom? Is the church even, with all its holy influences impregnable to the attacks of this insidious foe? Nay, has not the very pulpit been invaded by this arch enemy? Let blighted homes, wasted lives, young manhood cut off in its prime, talents that might have blessed the world destroyed by this curse, burning and shining lights quenched by the intoxicating cup—let these answer; and the response, though silent, will be eloquent. As citizens of Highland county, you have much at stake. Come then, and help us make our beautiful town a safe place for your sons, brothers and husbands to visit. Help us to remove the temptations that have caused so many aching hearts, so many bitter tears." To the invitation and appeal were appended the names of the ladies constituting the committee, namely : Mrs. Foraker, Mrs. Griffith, Mrs. Hardin Roads, Miss Bessie Wilson, Miss E. L. Grand-Girard. Notwithstanding the stormy character of the day appointed, a large and enthusiastic meeting was held. "The excitement pervading the entire community" (says a resident), "exceeds anything we have witnessed in Hillsborough during a residence of over twenty years, excepting only that occasioned by the news of the firing on Fort Sumter, at the outbreak of the Rebellion," But the outgrowth of this wonderful uprising is best portrayed in the language of the address, already mentioned, read at the second anniversary of the Woman's Christian Temperance union, by Mrs. Mary B. Fenner, one of the original promoters of this extraordinary movement, and a long time the secretary of the union. Speaking of those who were wending their way to Music hall, on the evening of the twenty-third of December, 1874, where Dio Lewis was to deliver a lecture on temperance, the writer says: "Little did they dream that a flame would be kindled that night, which many waters would not quench, and whose light should shine into the dark places of the earth, bringing terror to the evil-doer, and beaming as a star of hope on those sad hearts in which the last ray of hope had well nigh perished. "It will be proper to state here, that Hillsborough was at this time by no means exempt from the universal scourge of intemperance. Its victims were from all ranks of society. Name, fortune, profession, intluence, the hopes and ambitions of a life time, were as nothing—all were sacrificed to the love of strong drink. Mothers were brokenhearted, wives worse than widowed, little children were crying for bread. " What was to be done? The Sons of Temperance and the Good Templars had made vain efforts to arrest the evil. At times there had been an awakening to the danger, and men, good and true, banded themselves together in endeavors to reclaim the inebriate and punish the dram seller. But these efforts seemed to fail of permanent effect, and the prospect was a cheerless one, in view of any fresh undertaking. "The plan laid down by Dr. Lewis challenged attention by its novelty, at least, and, seeing him so full of faith, the hearts of the women seized the hope—a " forlorn" one, 'tis true, but still a hope—and when Dr. Lewis asked if they were willing to undertake the task, scores of women rose to their feet. The men were not a whit behind. They Pledged themselves to uphold and encourage the women by counsel, co-operation and money. "A meeting for the fuller development of the plan and organization of the league, was appointed to be held in the Presbyterian church at ten o'clock on the morning of Wednesday, the twenty-fourth of December, 1874, at the appointed hour, there was gathered a solemn assembly. "A strange work was to be done, and by unaccustomed hands. On bended knees and with uplifted hands, they invoked the blessing and guidance of Him who "knoweth the end from the beginning," and then proceeded to the business of the hour. "A committee was appointed who should prepare an appeal, to be presented to liquor-sellers; also a druggists' pledge, and dealers' pledge. Officers were elected, and the morning's work planned out. "A psalm was then read by the president of the league, Mrs. E. J. Thompson, and after a hymn and player, seventy-five women passed in procession into the street. The "crusade" had begun. " It had been decided that every place in the town where intoxicating liquors were sold should be visited. First the drug stores, as most likely to assist by their sympathy and co-operation, then the hotels, and lastly the saloons. These visits were made on the twenty-fourth and twenty-sixth of December, with the following results. "Two of the druggists signed the pledge unhesitatingly, and without reservation. The third reserved the right to prescribe as a physician, and to sell on his own prescriptions. The fourth postponed his answer. The answer was received a few days later, declining to sign the pledge presented, but presenting one of his own, which, after careful consideration, was not accepted by the women. "At this time, there were in Hillsborough four hotel bars constantly open, and five saloons, or dram-shops; these, with the four drug stores, making thirteen places where strong drinks could be obtained. The efforts of the women were directed to the closing of all the saloons and bars, and inducing the druggists to pledge themselves to sell only on a physician's prescription, or for mechanical, scientific or sacramental purposes; and they agreed to stand by each other in this work till the end was accomplished. "'The end is not yet,' but the labors of the 'crusaders'—for they have accepted the name given in derision—the labors of the 'crusaders' have not been vain. Let us glance briefly over the history of the past two years. "The street work which was the prominent feature of this movement, was continued almost daily from December 24, 1873, to the middle of the following June. A band, or committee, of women visited some or all of the drinking places, including the drug store whose proprietor refused to accede to the wishes of the women, every morning after the prayer meeting. A leader was chosen, whose duty it was to make the appeal and present the pledge to the liquor-seller, and try, by every kind and persuasive argument, to induce him to sign it. "At first the men seemed willing to discuss the question, to bring forward their excuses, and listen civilly to the persuasions of the women; but after a while, finding that it was not a spasmodic, transient effort, but was assuming a permanent form, and being determined not to yield, they closed their doors each day at the hour when the women were in the habit of visiting them. Thus failing to gain admittance, the women kneeled in the street and prayed before the closed doors. "Mr. W. H. H. Dunn, druggist, becoming incensed at the repeated visits of the women, in their efforts to induce him to sign the pledge, and particularly when they had a shelter erected in the street in front of his slore, where they might sing and pray without exposure to the winter's street, got out an injunction restraining the women from visiting him in this way. Application was immediately made for a dissolution of the injunction, and the case came on at the February term of court. The injunction was dissolved on the finding of a legal flaw in the application of the plaintiff. "Mr. Dunn also brought suit against the crusaders for alleged trespass, and asked ten thousand dollars damages. This suit was not to come on for some months, owiUg to the fact that the parties were not ready for trial. Meantime, the women decided not to go on with the street work while this suit was pending; having no wish to defy the law, even in appearance. "But there was plenty to do. The constitutional convention had at last finished its labors, and sent forth for the consideration of the people of Ohio, a new constitution, with the choice as to which of two clauses should be inserted; one favoring the system of license to sell intoxicating liquors, the other opposed to license. " At the close of the summer of 1874, four saloons had been closed, one hotel had changed hands and become a temperance house, auxiliary leagues had been established in most of the townships of Highland county, and the women had done their share in defeating the license clause in the new constitution. "The daily morning prayer-meetings were continued until January 1875, as also the weekly evening meeting for one or another of the leagues (the young people's and the children's had been organized), but the pastors of the churches having decided to hold a series of meetings, it was thought best to discontinue the temperance meetings, and they were not resumed till the eighth of March; when a meeting was called to determine whether the ladies would work for the temperance fair to be held in Cincinnati, the following month. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 385 " Committees were appointed, and the effort resulted in a donation of over one hundred dollars to the fair. "The suit of Mr. Dunn against the crusaders for alleged trespass, was heard at the May term of the court, 1875, before Judge Gray. The jury felt obliged by the rulings of the court to decide in favor of Mr. Dunn, and awarded him five dollars damages. The counsel for defence made a bill of exceptions to the rulings of Judge Gray, and appealed to the district court. The case was not decided there, and was passed on to the supreme court. [We understand that this appeal was compromised and never came to trial.] " Want of time forbids the telling of much that is interesting. The memorials—the petitions—the picnics—the boxes of clothing packed and sent to the needy—the conventions—and the great, enthusiastic mass-meeting—all these, like fair white stones have marked the toilsome way. "And if ever we are hindered and perplexed in the prosecution of our work—if our way is hedged up about its and we know not which way to turn—we have but to stand still and listen; and there shall come to us, floating down from the starry heights, the cheering words: lFear not, little flock; it is my Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom." Here our limited space compels us to close our extracts. As a practical method of promoting the cause of temperance, either by converting the dram-seller, or reforming the drunkard, the crusade was of short continuance, Its visible results, it must be acknowledged, are meagre enough. Even in Hillsborough, where the movement began with the prestige of novelty, and the best pledge of success in the number, intelligence, and high social position of the women engaged in it, as well as in the unbounded support they received from the wealthiest and most influential men of the place and in Washington C, H., a town of about the same size, not far from here, in which the immediate effects were even more sweeping than here ; every drinking saloon in the town being temporarily closed—the number of dram-shops, and the amount of liquor drank, as we are credibly informed, are now as great as before the crusade began. Some good friends of temperance, observing this relapse, are inclined to pronounce the whole movement a failure ; while, of course, its foes, taking breath after the terrible fright it gave them, repeat their taunting "I told you so," with much apparent satisfaction. But all these people judge very superficially. The value of the woman's crusade is not to be estimated by its immediate results. The fact that it fell so far short of what the more sanguine at one time expected of it, is no just cause of disccuragement to the friends of reform, nor for exultation to its enemies. The benefit of the crusade lies in the invaluable lessons it has taught us. This is not the place to discuss such a theme, and some may think we have stepped upon questionable ground. But we cannot forbear to mention two of these very important lessons. The first is this: It has taught us, as nothing else ever did or could, the debasing nature of the liquor traffic. We knew that men, impelled by the love of gain, would not hesitate to entice the young to their ruin, by pandering to their appetite for strong drink; but we did not know, until the crusade taught us, that a great majority of those who engage in the liquor traffic become so dead to all the finer sentiments 0f humanity, that not even the prayers and tears of sorrowing mothers can hold them back from their work of ruin. The second is a corrollary of the first, viz.: It has taught us that moral suasion alone can never free our land from the curse of dram-selling. This has been a sad lesson for many of the purest and noblest of the temperance workers to learn, but they will have all learned it now. We do not suppose that there is one honest and earnest friend of the temperance cause, at the present time, who is not ready for an appeal to the strong arm of law to strike down the ruthless hands that are "spreading fire-brands, arrows, and death " throughout the land. And as it was the woman's crusade that brought about this invincible unanimity among the friends of temperance, so it is to be largely through the influence of woman, exerted in such channels, as the Woman's Christian Temperance union—and perhaps, by her vote in giving the right course to local option—that the resistless power of the civil authority is to be invoked to suppres the giant evil of dram-selling. We will conclude our imperfect sketch of the Hillsborough "temperance crusade," by placing on record the names of the ladies who composed the band about two weeks after its first organization, including the seventy- five who first went in procession on the memorable twenty-fourth of December, 1873. At that time the officers of the band were as follows: Mrs. Eliza J. Thompson, president ; Mrs. J. J. McDowell, vice-president; and Mrs. D. K. Fenner, secretary—the first two still holding the same office. This band of heroic women may properly be regarded as the germ of the "Woman's Christian Temperance union," which is now thoroughly organized in nearly, if not quite, every State in the Union, and is also rapidly taking root in other countries. The following is the list of ladies' names: Mrs.: S. Anderson, *R. R. Allen, Jas. Anderson, Samuel Amen, C. Ayers, N. P. Ayres, A. Bennett, J. M. Boyd, J. Brown, J. J. Brown, C. Brown, J. Bowles, Lizzie Brown, William Barry, C, S. Bell; J. L. Boardman, C. Buckner, Theodore Brown, J. S. Black, W. P. Bernard, Thomas Barry, G. P. Beecher, F. I. Burngarner, Benjamin Barrere, Mary Brown, Julia Bentley, M. Bruce, J. Barrere, Mary E, Bowers, F. E. Chaney, Benjamin Conard, Ella Conard, T. S. Cowden, S. D. Clayton, S. W. Creed, A. Cooper, C. H. Collins, W. O. Collins, Colonel Cook, Dr. Callahan, L. Detwiler, W. Doggett, Jas. W. Doggett, H. S. Doggett, J. Doggett, E. Dill, Lavinia Dill, Mrs. Evans, Mrs.: R. F. Evans, J.. H. Ely, Mrs. Ellifritz, Mrs.: Dr. Ellis, S. A. Eckly, B. Foraker, E. L. Ferris, M. Frost, William Ferguson, D. K. Fenner, N. Foraker, E. L. Grand-Girard, George Glasscock, J. Glasscock, Henry Glasscock, R. Griffith, N. B. Gardner, Mrs. Grayham, Colonel Glenn, J. C. Gregg, Dr. Holmes, Jas. Hogshead, John Hogshead, Asa Haynes, T. G. Hoggard, Paul Harsha, William Hoyt, A. S. Hinton, J. Jones, L. Jones, Dr. Johnson, F. B. Jeans, J. W. Jolly, O. Jones, Mrs. Kirkpatrick, Dr. Kirby, Frank Kibber, S. Lyle, R. A. Linn, J. Langley, Thomas Miller, J. Manning, Mrs. Mather, Dr. Matthews, Judge Meek, Judge Matthews, * The word "Mrs." is understood before each name where it does not appear, 49 366 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO C. B. Miller, C. Miller, J. J. McDowell, R. McFadden, Lewis McKibben, W. J. McSurely, J. McClure, J. C. Norton, M. T. Nelson, J. F. Nelsoh, Charles O'Harra, J. W. Patterson, S. S. Pangburn, C. T. Pope, J. K. Pickering, T. H. Parker, M. Perkins, George Richards, Dr. Russ, J. C. Rittenhouse, Joseph Richards, James Reece, Thomas Rodgers, Eli Safford, Dr. Smith, Dr. Sams, Hugh Swearingen, W. W, Shepherd, John A. Smith, Mary Simpson, Mrs. Strain, H. A. Stout, Miss Maria Stewart, Mrs. Dr. Spees, J. B. Shinn, E. G. Smith, William Scott, Mrs. Shipp, J. Saylor, F. Shepherd, Colonel William H. Trimble, Eliza J. Thompson, Sarah Tucker, Anna Tucker, Mrs. Vanwinkle, Charles Wilson, John L. West, George Zink. Of this heroic band of christian women three only have been called to their heavenly reward. Mrs. M, Perkins died in May, 13.75. She had been for many years a widow, and had reached an advanced age. On this account she was somewhat less active in the work than some of the younger members. But she was highly esteemed for her genuine piety and devotion to the cause of temperance, and her influence was deeply felt. Mrs. S. R. Doggett, wife of Washington Doggett, died in April, 1876. She was a prominent worker in the temperance reform, her judgment being much relied upon in its business management. She was, for several years previous to her marriage, a successful teacher with Rev. Dr. Matthews. One who knew her well, writing in the college Alumna Offering for 1877, thus speaks of her: "In Mrs. Doggett were blended a gentleness and dignity which readily won the love and respect of her pupils. She possessed the elements of success in her vocation— a cultured intellect, a thorough sympathy with girlhood, and an ardent love for her work. She was connected with the Oakland seminary in the year 1856 and 1857, and with the college during the years 1858 and 1859." Mrs. Susan C. Boardman, wife of J. L. Boardman, editor of the News, died January 3, 1879, after a brief illness, aged forty-nine. She took an active interest in the crusade movement, from its first inception to the close, and participated personally in most of the meetings and visitations of the ladies to the saloons and drug stores. She also encouraged and sustained the course of her husband in taking a bold and decided stand in the columns of his paper in favor of the movement, and was one of the defendants in the celebrated suit for damages brought against the ladies by Mr. Dunn, the druggist. THE CITY BUILDING. This fine brick structure, located on the southwest corner of High and Walnut streets, was commenced in May, 1875, and finished the following year. The architect was E. Anderson, of Cincinnati, and the superintendent of construction was C. A. Thornberg, of this place. The contractor for the entire work was V. B. Custer, who took the contract for twenty-one thousand one hundred and forty dollars—this sum being increased only four hundred dollars for extra work. With the exception of the carpentry, which Mr. Custer did himself, all the different portions of the work were sub-let to various parties, among wh0m Louis Ambrose took the brick work for six thousand dollars, The dimensions of the building are forty-nine and a half feet on, High street, by a hundred on Walnut. It is two stories high, with a fine bell tower, in which has been placed a town clock, manufactured by Seth Thomas, of Connecticut. It was put up by John Sayler, at an expense of four hundred and sixty-five dollars. The upper story contains the city hall (a large audience-room, with fine acoustic properties, and a seating capacity of about a thousand), and the public library. In the first story are the council room, clerk's office, jail, engine room, and hook and ladder room. The council room is at present occupied as the post-office, and the town council meets in the clerk's office, The architecture of this building is plain and simple, but massive and substantial, and quite imposing in its general effect. FIRE DEPARTMENT. In the winter of 1856 or '7, the Denny house was burned, and the fire was arrested, and an adjoining building saved by a common force pump and buckets. That fire gave emphasis to the demand of the citizens of the town for a fire engine. There had been in use, for many years, a small rotary engine, but it was worn out, and the conviction that something better was demanded for the security of property became general. In August, 1857, an ordinance was passed by the council for the establishment of a fire department, and for the prevention and extinguishing of fires." The fire company to be organized was to consist of one captain, one lieutenant and two pipemen, and not more than thirty additional men. John Reckley, C. McMullen, J. T. Doggett, A. Mack, L. Uttman, J. W. Doggett, J. C. Rittenhouse, G. W. Thayer, J. W. Champion, John Goodrich, H. S. Scarborough, Jacob Schilly, A. Manning, James Harsha, B. B. Thayer, Paul Harsha, C. A. Mullenix, J. B. Hill, Oscar Brown and Jacob Chapman were named by the council as a part of the company, with the power to complete the maximum number, as it was found necessary. John Reckley was appointed captain, and C. McMullen, lieutenant. The captain had entire control, with police power to call on others besides the company, when the exigencies of the situation required it. The service of the entire force was voluntary, there being no remuneration, even for the care of the engine. Prior to the passage of the ordinance authorizing the formation of a fire company, an engine had been ordered by the corporation, from Agnew, Philadelphia, at a cost of nine hundred dollars, and had already been shipped when the ordinance passed, arriving soon after. Thomas T. Mason was the agent for its purchase. One hundred and twenty-six dollars were paid for ladders, a wagon and other articles necessary to the equipment of the company. The old engine house was built in 1857, at a cost of about one thousand, two hundred dollars. It was two stories high, forty feet long and twenty wide. It was built with a cupola, but for some time there seemed little HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 387 prospect that it would be furnished with a bell. This deficiency was supplied, however, in a most unexpected and extraordinary manner; and was the cause of an unaffected surprise to the agent at the railroad depot. Let it be remembered that we are speaking of antesteam-whistle times, and the bewildered state of our friend, the agent, will be appreciated, when, on a certain morning, wishing to give the usual signal that the iron horse was impatient of delay, and could not in fact be restrained beyond ten minutes, he caught the rope; but no answering clang resounded through the frosty air. What had happened? This was explained when he stepped out upon the platform and looked up at the—spot where the bell had hung. A remarkable coincidence was apparent soon to the entire population of the seat of Justice. The engine house was supplied with a bell; and it was gravely asserted by many, that those members of the fire corps who exhibited on the discovery of this fact, the most unbounded surprise, were open to the Shakespearean criticism, "The lady cloth protest too much.- While the rights involved in this case were still receiving the most deliberate consideration, the steam whistle had screamed its defiance to all opposition, and the stationary bell at the depot was abolished. The final conclusion was, that the affair should be looked upon more as a practical joke, than as a case of larceny. The steam fire engine was bought in 1876, and is named Hillsborough. Ahrens, Philadelphia, is the maker, and it is a very fine engine. Its cost was five thousand five hundred dollars. The fire service continued free until 1870, when an ordinance was passed, authorizing the payment of ten dollars per year, to each member of the company. Since the purchase of the steam engine, the engineer receives six hundred dollars per year; stoker, one hundred dollars; captain and secretary, thirty dollars each. The present officers are as follows: S. Lemmon, captain; A. W. Thornberg, lieutenant; J. S. Black, secretary; Peter E. Brown, treasurer; John M. Moore, director of engine; John Reckley, director of hose; Lakin Richards, director of ladders and wagon; J. Duffy, engineer; James B. Rowe, stoker. BANKING INTERESTS. The history of the Hillsborough banks does not, like that of the banks of Chillicothe, extend back to a remote antiquity; nor does it embrace a large number of institutions. The three National banks now existing here, are the only incorporated, public banking institutions the town has ever had. They all had their origin in private banks which, however, were of comparatively recent date. THE FIRST, OR HILLSBOROUGH NATIONAL BANK succeeded the private bank of Barrere & Co., which was established in October, 1853, John A. Smith, Nelson and Benjamin Barrere constituted the company. This firm continued to do a successful private banking business till March, 1865, when they organized as a national bank. John A. Smith was the first president, and Benjamin Barrere the first cashier. The original capital was one hundred thousand dollars, and remains still at the same figure. Benjamin Barrere is now president, and L. S. Smith cashier. The location is on the east side of High street, between Main and Walnut. THE CITZENS' NATIONAL BANK is the successor to a private bank, named also the Citizens' bank, which was organized August, 1869, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars—the stockholders being J. C. Gregg, Burch Foraker, Elias Overman, G. J. Evans, F. I. Bumgarner, Edwin Arthur, and John H. Jolly. It was organized as a national bank September 4, 1872, the officers being John C. Gregg, president; William Scott, vice-president ; and Burch Foraker, cashier. The directors were Wilham Scott, David Noble, Elias Overman, Jacob J. Pugsley, F. I. Bumgarner, J. C. Gregg, and Burch Foraker, The capital is one hundred thousand dollars; circulation ninety thousand dollars; and deposits from two hundred and fifty thousand to three hundred thousand dollars. The present officers are J. C. Gregg, president; William Scott, vice-president; C. M. Overman, cashier; and O. S. Price, assistant cashier. The directors are the same as at first, except that John L. West has taken the place of Burch Foraker, resigned. The location is on Main street, nearly opposite the court house. THE MERCHANTS' NATIONAL BANK succeeded the private bank of Foreman Evans & E. L. Ferris, who commenced business, near the present location of the bank, southeast corner of Main and High streets, in the spring of 1866. The institution was reorganized as a national bank February 1, 1880, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, and the following officers: H. Strain, president; E. L. Ferris, cashier; A. Matthews, assistant cashier. The directors are H. Strain, J. D. W. Spargur, R. S. Evans, W. G. Smith, I. A. Feibel, Fred. Zane, George Gilmore, Joshua Hatcher, and J. H. Guthrie. All these banks are doing a safe, legitimate and healthy business, and enjoy the entire confidence of the community. HILLSBOROUGH PUBLIC READING ROOM AND LIBRARY.* When the new city hall building in Hillsborough was planned, provision was made for a public library. A large and handsome room in the west part of the building was constructed for this special purpose. On the completion of the building, it was the general desire of the people of the town that the library room be utilized. The first move in this direction was made in the spring of 1877. It was then thought that if a public reading room should be opened in the library room that it would help on the temperance reformation then going on in the community. Accordingly, a public meeting was held in the city hall, on the thirty-first of May, 1877. At this meeting a committee was appointed to inaugurate the work of opening a free reading room in the library room. *By Professor H. S. Doggett. 388 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO This committee consisted of C, S, Bell, F. W. Armstrong, W. J. McSurely, H. M. Huggins, and H. S. Doggett. This committee met the following day and resolved to raise by public subscription the funds necessary to open the reading room. It was also determined to ask the town council to levy a tax to buy books for the public library. Accordingly, committees were appointed to solicit subscriptions from the citizens of the town, In a short time eight hundred dollars were subscribed. The town council, on the fourth of June, made a levy of one- half mill for library purposes. That body also authorized the fitting up, at once, of the library room for the purposes of the reading room. The committee at once ordered the money subscribed to be collected. A list of newspapers and other periodicals, and of a library of books of reference, was made out and ordered for the use of the reading room. All arrangements were pushed forward rapidly, and, on the night of July 12, 1877, the room was opened to the public. Congratulatory remarks were made by several prominent citizens, among whom were Isaac Sams, W. J. Mc- Surely, and C. S. Bell. The reading room at once became a popular place of resort, and has so continued. Its friends claim that it has been the means of doing a great deal of good. On opening the room it was put in charge of R. J. Duffy, and to his faithful and efficient service the success of the reading room and library is in a great measure due. On the fifteenth of April, 1878, an ordinance was passed creating a board of trustees for the public library, and defining the powers and duties of such board. The appointment of the board was given to the mayor of the town; and on the fourth of May Mayor Beeson appointed a board, consisting of C. S. Bell, W. J. McSurely, H. M. Huggins, F. W. Armstrong, Josiah Stevenson and H. S. Doggett. The board organized by electing W. J. Mc- Surely, president, H. M. Huggins, treasurer, and H. S. Doggett, secretary. Soon afterward it was resolved by the board to request the council to put up book cases in one end of the library room, sufficient for four thousand volumes. This was done; and in September, 1878, the first installment of one thousand, four hundred books was purchased. These were at once, catalogued. Rules were adopted for the regulation of the loaning of the books, and the use of them. The books were placed upon the shelves and the library was thrown open to the public on the tenth of October, 1878. Since the opening of the library some five hundred volumes have been purchased. Donations have been received from the ladies' circulating library of Hillsborough, and from the Union School library and from private individuals. Senator Thurman and Representative Dickey have favored the library with a large number of public documents, many of them of great interest and value. The number of persons now taking books is about four hundred, and is gradually increasing. The circulation of the books is under the control of Mr. Duffy, the librarian, and he has given general satisfaction in his arduous position. It is the intention of the trustees to add, every year, from five hundred to one thousand volumes to the library. In time there will be nothing of which the people of Hillsborough will be prouder than they will be of the public library. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. As a chapter of the general history is devoted to the "Highland County Medical Society," with appropriate notices of its individual members, we shall mention here only those physicians of Hillsborough who, whether in early times or the present, have not been connected with that association. We begin with a few brief sketches of EARLY PHYSICIANS. Dr. John Boyd was the first physician in the county, practicing here before the town was laid out. He was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in 1767, and studied medicine with Dr. Simonson, of that place. Completing his course of study in Philadelphia, where he obtained his diploma, he returned to his native place, and commenced the practice of his profession about the year 1792. In the same year, Dr. Boyd was married to Sallie Pierce, of Uniontown, and soon after the laying out of Franklinton, in 1797, he removed to Ohio, and settled at that place. Removing to Highland county, he became one of the earliest residents of Hillsborough, and was highly esteemed in his profession, his judgment being so much relied upon by other physrcians, that he was often called in consultation. Soon after settling in the county he was appointed an associate judge of the court of common pleas. Dr. Boyd was a large landholder and a man of energy and enterprise. After residing here about seventeen years, he removed to a farm about twelve miles east of the town, on the Chillicothe pike, where he built mills on the Rocky fork at a place known for many years as Boyd's mill. He continued the practice of his profession until near the time of his death, which occurred in 1852. Mrs. Boyd died about the year 1815, leaving twelve children, only two of whom are living, Rev. John Boyd, D.D., of Marietta, Ohio, and J. Milton Boyd, the well known business man of Hillsborough. Dr. James Smith came to Hillsborough in 1808, and commenced the practice of his profession, but died after a very short residence in the place. He was succeeded by Dr. Jasper Hand, a son of General Hand, of Revolutionary memory. Dr. Hand was a graduate of the Philadelphia Medical school, and was an accomplished physician of large practice, and a gentleman of extremely popular manners. He was an ardent and devoted patriot in the war of 1812, serving as surgeon, and, on the close of the war, was elected brigadier general of the Highland militia. He wore, on parade, the military chapeau and costume of his father, and was a fine figure, and a splendid rider. Dr. Hand married the widow of Dr. James Smith, and died in the prime of his manhood, leaving a large family. His youngest daughter, Margaret, is the accomplished wife of W. W. Dawson, of Cincinnati, professor of surgery in the Ohio State Medical college. Dr. Farquhar practiced successfully for many years in Hillsborough. Dr. Isaac Telfair, of Virginia, settled m Hillsborough in 1825, and after practicing as a physician many years, retired to a large landed estate rn Clinton county. Dr. R. D. Lilly succeded Dr. Telfair, and had a liberal practice. PRESENT PHYSICIANS. Dr. David Noble was born in county Donegal, Ireland, in 1820, and came to Adams county, Ohio, about the year 1838, where (and in Highland county) he taught school for some years. He commenced the study of medicine under Dr. P. J. Buckner, of Georgetown, Ohio, but owing to want of means, his studies were several times interrupted, and it was not till 1855 that he obtained his diploma at Starling Medical college, Columbus. He had, however, commenced a successful practice at Sugar Tree Ridge, in this county, in 1847, and he continued there until the breaking out of the late war. He first enlisted, as a private, in a regiment raised for border defence, but was soon after appointed surgeon, and continued in the service, holding many important positions, till the close of the war. In 1865 he settled in Hillsborough, where he has continued in successful practice ever since, and his likewise been prominently connected with many important commercial enterprises. Dr. Enos Holmes settled in Hillsborough about the year 1837, and has continued in practice here ever since. He graduated from Starling Medical college, Columbus, about 5840. Dr. B. F. Holmes, son of the physician above named, graduated also from Starling college, 1863. He served as assistant surgeon for three 388A - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO JACOB DUCKWALL. This gentleman, one of the oldest and most substantial farmers of Liberty township, is the fifth child, and fourth son, of Lewis and Susanna (Crone) Duckwall. He belongs to a Virginia family, of German stock, his paternal grandfather comrng to this country with his parents, a babe in arms, about the middle of the last century, after a very tempestuous voyage in a crowded sailing vessel, which consumed six weeks in the passage. Lewis Duck- wall became a successful farmer and sawyer in Berkeley county, Virginia. His brother, Henry, uncle of the subject of this notice, was a soldier of the Revolution, and died in the service of his country. Early in the present century he emigrated to Highland county, and settled on the old place, one mile north of Hillsborough, where he became possessed of a large estate, and died in the fullness of years. His children, at the time of removal to Ohio, were Henry, Frederick, Polly (married William Hill), John, Jacob, Elizabeth (married Simon Clouser), Samuel, Lewis, and Daniel. The first named was already married and settled for himself, but came out and rejoined the family the next year. Frederick and John were out in the war of 1812, the latter being at Hull's surrender; but both got through their services safely. All, except Jacob and Lewis, are now dead. Jacob Duckwall was born near Warm Springs, Berkeley county, Virginia, February 25, 1795. He attended the subscription schools of his early day in Virginia and Hillsborough; engaged in farm labor upon the paternal estate until he was twenty-one; was married five weeks after (April 1, 1816) to Miss Mary, daughter of Reason Mobberley, an old settler of the same region, and at once came to the place, two miles west of Hillsborough, where he built a cabin (since replaced, successively, by two more imposing dwellings), and has ever, since resided. He took a full share in the hard knocks and privations of pioneer life. He was thirty years old before he ever rode in a buggy or had a pair of boots, and frequently labored hard for twenty-five cents a day, sometimes taking "store pay" at that, and sometimes losing his pay altogether. The severe work of his long life, however, has given him an independent competence for his old age, after providing for his three oldest sons handsomely, by the distribution of over six hundred acres among them, reserving for himself about two hundred acres for the home place. He was a Jacksonian in politics, from the battle of New Orleans until his hero, while president, vetoed the national bank bill; after that, a Whig until Republicanism came in, since which time he has generally accepted its measures and men. For half a century he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, not ceasing from regular attendance upon its services until little more than a year ago, when he was compelled to do so, through the infirmities of increasing age. He is, however, in remarkably good health and preservation of his physical and mental faculties, for one of his years. Mr. Duckwall lost his first wife July 13, 1828. By her he had children as follows: Carey, born December 5, 1817, now a farmer residing near; Eleanor, born May 29, 1819, married Abram Strain, and died January 5, 1848; Lewis, born October 7, 1820, also residing near; William, born August 26, 1824, formerly living near his father, but now of Fayette county, Ohio; and Susanna, born July 11, 1828, dying at the age of two years. December 18, 1828, Mr. Duckwall was married to Miss Delilah Manker, by whom he had no children. He lived with her thirty years, and after her death was again married, October 15, 1863, to Mrs. Sarah E. Aiken, by whom he has one child, Jacob, now a lad in the ninth year of his age. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 389 years in the general hospital at Gallipolis. He was then one year at Samantha, since which time he has pursued his chosen vocation in Hillsborough. The late Dr. J. W. M. Quinn practiced medicine in this place about twenty years--dying early in 1880. Dr. W. Hoyt, the first and only homoeopathic physician in Hillsborough, was horn in Canada, September, 1839. He finished his medical sludies in the Cleveland Homoeopthic Hospital college, in 1867. He came to Hillsborough in September, of that year, where he has enjoyed thirteen years of successful practice. Dr. D. Calahan was graduated from the Eclectic Medical college, of New York, about the year 1850. In 1864 he located in Hillsborough, where, at first (as he had done elsewhere), he united dental surgery with the general practice of medicine. The former, however, he has now almost entirely given up to his sons, the elder of whom, J. R. Calahan, though yet a young man, has already attained an enviable reputation in his profession. Dr. D. Calahan has also been (and we believe he is now) a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal church. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THE WOODROW FAMILY. Joshua Woodrow and his wife Elizabeth came to Hillsborough in 1808. Their first residence, a one-story log house, on the northwest of High and Beech streets, is yet in a good state of preservation. Like many others of the first homes of the first citizens, it has been weather- boarded, and is still in the line of descent, being the property of a granddaughter, the widow of Joseph I. Woodrow. Two sons, Joshua, jr., and Joseph, and three daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, with their husbands (two brothers by the name of Shinn), and Rachel Woodrow, who married Colonel Allen Trimble in 1811, accompanied their father; and all settled in Hillsborough. They were a Quaker family from Culpeper county, Virginia, but were nonconformists, except Joshua and his mother, who used the Quaker style of dress and mode of speech. The family, in wealth and cultivation, as well as in numbers, was a valuable acquisition to the embryo "model town." Industrious, persevering and enterprising, their advent gave an impetus to the business of the new town, which was most favorable to its growth. The preceding summer, that of 1808, had been characterized by great activity, and many buildings had been erected, with no variety in material, and little in style. One-story log houses were the more common, while the two-story hewed-log houses were the large building enterprises of the time. Yet, when Mr. Woodrow and family arrived in October, the only house to be obtained was the one frame building of the place, a small structure designed for a tailor shop, standing on supports placed under the corners, and with no finishing but the weather-boards. In this Mr. Joshua Woodrow, sr., with a family of eight or ten persons, spent his first winter in Hillsborough. Mr. Joshua Woodrow, jr., in company with his brother Joseph, opened a store, and connected with it a hatler's shop. Employing a number of hands, a profitable business was carried on for a series of years, until the two-story shop which had been built in 1809, was destroyed by fire in 1825—the first serious fire that had occurred in the place. As this shop stood near his first dwelling house, and was also adjacent to his new residence, the present Woodrow house, the fire, which broke out at midnight, created a great panic. Joshua Woodrow's wife was Ann Trimble, a daughter of John Trimble, of Maryland, whose sons emigrated to Kentucky and were prominent citizens. The eldest, Colonel David Trimble, was in the war of 1812, and a member of congress from Kentucky for many years. Elizabeth, daughter of Joshua Woodrow, was an educated and accomplished lady, and was married to Joseph Sill, esq., a prominent lawyer of Chillicothe. General Joshua W. Sill, their son, educated at West Point, entered the Union army with the rank of general, and fell at Stone River, Tennessee. He was highly esteemed for his moral worth and soldierly qualities, and his early death was greatly lamented. The late Dr. Kirby, and John Barry, married daughters of Joshua Woodrow, and their widows are still residents of Hiilsborough. Two sons are also still living, Joshua in Hillsborough, and David I. Woodrow, in Cincinnati. Isaac Woodrow, another son of Joshua, sr., came to Ohio with his father, but, not liking the country, he returned to Virginia, where he remained until about the year 1818, when, with his wife and family, he removed to Hillsborough, where he spent the remainder of his days. His widow, Mrs. Mary Woodrow, familiarly known among her friends as "Aunt Polly Woodrow," is still living, at the age of ninety-three years. Her daughter, Mrs. George W. Tucker, and son William Woodrow, are also citizens of Hillsborough. THE JOLLY FAMILY. David Jolly was born in Ohio county, Virginia, about the year 1767. In 179o, his mother, sister, and two brothers, were killed by the Indians, as related farther on in this sketch, and a younger brother taken captive. Mr. Jolly married Mary Cavir, in Virginia, and, after the treaty of Greenville, came to Chillicothe, Ohio. In 1805 he removed to Highland county, Liberty township, and purchased a farm of one hundred and thirty-seven acres in Byrd's survey. He raised a family Of eleven children, four of whom are still living. John H. and Simeon, with one sister, Mary, now Mrs. Steward, eighty-one years of age, reside in Hillsborough; and Lovisa, Mrs. Baldwin, lives in Manchester, Ohio. Hon. John H. Jolly resides in Hillsborough, but still owns the farm on the Rocky fork, bought by his father; and the brick house built by him, about 1824, is still standing and in a good state of preservation. John H. Jolly was married the first time, in 1833, to Ellen Jane Linn. Of this marriage six children were born: David, who is dead; Catharine, now Mrs. Easton, living near Sinking Spring; Samuel, living in California; John S. and Robert L., both living on the old farm; and Annie, who is dead. Mr. Jolly was married the second time, January 1, 1866, to Annie S. Green, from Massachusetts. He was a member of the Ohio legislature for the term of 1859-61, and has held various town and county offices, and has also been prominently connected with the railroad interests of Hillsborough. We will now give an account of the Indian massacre, referred to at the beginning of this article. One of the most tragic in the whole catalogue of Indian barbarities committed during that heroic period, so rapidly fading into the dim vista of the past, is connected with the Jolly family. The principal incidents of the massacre of a mother and her little ones, and of a cruel captivity, which, to the survivors, must have been a greater sorrow than the certainty of death, are gathered from Scott's fuller narrative. David Jolly, sr., was one of the earliest settlers in the neighborhood of Wheeling, West Virginia. His family in 1790, consisted of himself, wife and six children, and one grandchild. On the eighth of June, 179o, while Mr. Jolly was absent on a journey to the Monongahela, a war party of Shamnees fired into the house just at dinner-time, when they thought all of the family would be assembled. Mrs. Jolly was killed at the first fire, and several of the children were wounded. The Indians then rushed in, tomahawked and scalped the wounded, and captured William Jolly and his cousin, Joseph McCune, both young boys, and. the only inmates of the houses uninjured. Pillaging and setting fire to the house, the Indians made a hasty retreat. At the time of attack, two of the older sons were not in the house, but David Jolly, jr., afterward a citizen of Hillsborough, was returning home, and distinctly heard the firing. Hastening forward, he arrived in time to drag the remains of his murdered relatives from the flames of the burning building. He immediately gave the alarm, and, in a few hours, Lewis Wetzel, the noted Indian fighter, and a band of veteran scouts, were on the trail of the fleeing savages, but, having the advantage of a few hours' start, and with the certainty of pursuit to hasten their flight, they escaped. The pursuing party found the body of the boy, McCune, killed, it was believed, because, being sickly, he could not travel rapidly. William, being at the time of his capture an active, light-hearted boy of nine or ten years, soon adapted himself to the Indian mode of life, and became a great favorite with the younger portion of the tribe. All efforts of his family, during the following five or six years, to learn his fate, were unavailing, owing to the continued hostilities. His brother David attended Wayne's treaty at Greenville, hoping to find him among the prisoners surrendered at that time by the Indians ; but all his inquiries proving fruitless, the search was abandoned. Soon after the treaty of Greenville, Mr. David Jolly, sr., with his remaining sons and their families, removed to Chillicothe. The winter following, information reached them through Colonel Whitely, of Lexington, Kentucky, who had been acting as government agent among the southern Indians, that William, the lost son and brother, was living with the Cherokee Indians on the Coosa river, in Alabama. In March, 390 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. 1797, David set out on horseback, to renew the search which hitherto had proved unavailing. Through the kind offices of Colonel Whitely, Colonel Zane, of Wheeling, and the governor of Tennessee, he reached the point to which he had been directed, to find that his brother had gone still farther south, some time before, with a party of Indians. The pass furnished his brother to take him and his companions through the Indian country, is still in possession of the family, and 1eads as follows : "Permit David Jolly, a citizen of the United States, to pass undisturbed through to the Cherokee nation, in pursuit of his brother, and treat him with respect. "DAVID HENLY, War Agent. "To the chiefs of the Cherokee Nation, and all whom it may concern. "KNOXVILLE, April 15, 1797" Determined not to turn back, the little party again pushed on through the unbroken wilderness, and at length found the party to which his brother belonged, near Pensacola, Florida. The Indians at first gave him Hill.: satisfaction. Said their young men Were all out hunting, but that no white man was among them. Mr. Jolly determined not to seem uneasy, but to wait the return of the hunting party, and judge for himself. He and his companions were kindly treated, and on the evening of the third day, when the Indians returned from their hunt, he had the satisfaction of recognizing his brother from the family resemblance, although he was dressed in full Indian costume, and looked and acted as much like an Indian as any of his comrades. When he addressed him in English he seemed little inclined to talk, and at first positively refused to return with them, when the interpreter had explained the object of their visit. The Indians also seemed inclined to keep him by force, until the interpreter read the document of Colonel Henly, and explained that they had the authority of government to bring William home. A new complication arose when it appeared that the young "pale-face" had been adopted by an Indian woman as her son, in place of one killed in battle, and that a very tender attachment existed between them. When she learned that she must give him up, she was almost frantic; but at last she sorrowfully prepared him for his journey, bringing him all his ornaments, headed leggins, moccasins, hunting pouch, and a plenty of jerked venison. A number of the young Indians followed him as far as the Tennessee river. During the first days of the journey, it was necessary to keep a constant watch over the recovered youth, to prevent his escape and return to the Indians. At Lexington, where some handsome young ladies were gratifying their curiosity by looking at him, his brother asked him how he would like one of them for his wife. Shaking his head, he replied, "Too much white, too much white." After he had become somewhat settled in his new manner of life, he talked very freely in regard to his captivity. He had been transferred to a party of Cherokees visiting Sandusky, in the second year after his capture, and remembered seeing Mrs. Dick in one of the Shawnee camps into which he was taken. Her sad story had excited great sympathy about that time. It was a long time after his return to civilization before he was fully reconciled to the change, and he always retained the Indian love of hunting and fishing, if not their dislike of hard work. The summer following his return, two of his adopted Indian brothers paid him a visit, which he enjoyed greatly. They brought him his pony, and presents from his Indian molher; and when, after a visit of two weeks, they set out on their return, he accompanied them a day's journey, and loaded them with presents for his Indian mother and other friends. His father, David Jolly, sr., died in Chillicothe, and the brothers removed to the Rocky fork, south of the present town of Hillsborough, in 1805. William had married Mary Ann Warnick, and a few years later, preferring a newer country, he removed to Wisconsin, where he raised a most respectable family. Late in life he went to Oregon with one of his sons, where he died at a ripe old age. NEWTON DOGGETT, Newton Doggett, one of the first settlers of Hillsborough, was born in Lancaster county, Virginia, on the second of February, 1787. While yet in his teens, he emigrated to Limestone, now Maysville, Kentucky. There he learned the trade of cabinet maker. In the year 1807, he came to Highland county, visiting New Market, then the county seat. He returned to Maysville in a short time, and remained there until his marriage, December to, 18o9. He married Maly Mitchell, a granddaughter of Jacob Boone, then a prominent citizen of Maysville. Shortly after their marriage, the young couple emigrated to Hillsborough. As soon as possible, after arriving there, he opened a shop and began to follow his business as a cabinet maker. He is remembered as a plain, honest, hard-working man. He filled the office of county commissioner for several terms, and had much to do with the early business of Highland county. He was one of the commissioners by whom the present court house was built. He also was a prominent member of the Methodist church, and was one of those who took an active part in building the first Methodist church in Hillsborough. He died April 2, 1839, in the fifty-third year of his age. He left a large family of children, of' whom William Doggett, John M. Doggett and Elizabeth A. Lawrence are living. Mary, the wife of Newton Doggett, died October 7, 1845, in the fifty-third year of her age. WASHINGTON DOGGETT. Washington Doggett, the eldest son of Newton Doggett, was horn in Hillsborough, Ohio, May 28, 1811. When a boy, he showed great fondness for study, and availed himself of all the opportunities then offered to get a good education. At the age of eighteen he entered his father's shop, and went to work at the trade of cabinet-maker, which he had learned between the intervals of going to school. He afterward formed a partnership with his father, which existed until the death of the latter. Afterwards he carried on business until within a few months of his death. From childhood Washington Doggett was remarkable for his correct habits and good principles. During his long life he was ever recognized as an honest man in the fullest meaning of the term. About the year 1840, he was elected justice of the peace, and held the office to the time of his death. He was also mayor of the town fot several terms, and for many years an active and efficient member of the school board. In his official character he was acknowledged by the bar and his fellow-citizens to have been an officer above reproach. He was a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church from 1859 until his death, filling the position honorably and usefully. Esquire Doggetl, as he was generally called, was twice married. His first wife was Milly Sanders, whom he married January 16, 1837. She died in 1857. In 1859 he married Sarah R. Kerr who died in April, 1876. In September, 1877, Esquire Doggett was taken sick with dropsy, from the effects of which he died on the first of April, 1878. A family of seven children was born to Esquire Doggett, of whom but one survives. HENRY S. DOGGETT, son of Washington Doggett, and for the past fifteen years superintendent of the Hillsborough union schools, was born in Hillsborough, October 15, 1837. In his youth he was a pupil of Professor Isaac Sams, and received his education under that distinguished teacher. After two years' study of the law, Mr. Doggett was admitted to the bar in August, 1858. In the winter of 1859 and '6o, he became connected with the Hillsborough Gazette, which paper he purchased in March, 1860. He edited and published the Gazette during the years 1860 and 1861. In 1862 he sold out the Gazette and resumed teaching, in which he had been engaged at various times since 1856. In 1863 he again connected himself with the newspaper business, and was for a few years an army correspondent. After the war, during the winter of 1865 and '66, he was a professsor in Mayfield and Graves college, at Mayfield, Kentucky. Returning to Hillsborough in 1866, he was elected superintendent of the public schools of Hillsborough, which position he has held ever since. Under his administration the union schools of Hillsborough have been very successful, and now rank among the best in the State. Mr. Doggett has also been a member of the county board of school examiners since 1867, and has done efficient service to the cause of education in Highland county in that capacity. LIEUTENANT CYRUS A. BAYLOR. Cyrus A. Baylor, lieutenant in the United Stales army, was a son of Major Walker Baylor, of the Virginia line in the war of the Revolution. Major Baylor occupied a high position in the social circles of Kentucky, to which State he had emigrated after the close of the war. Three of his sons were volunteers from Bourbon county, Kentucky, in the war of 1812. Cyrus, the youngest, was appointed a lieutenant in the Twenty-eighth Kentucky regiment, and had the honor of serving under Major George Croghan, in the gallant and memorable defence of Fort Stephenson, when, with one hundred and twenty men of Kentucky, and one piece of artillery, these youthful heroes repelled the assault of General Proctor and his twelve hundred Indian allies, with great slaughter. HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 391 His father having received large grants of land in the Virginia Military district, for his services during the Revolution, young Mr. Baylor came to Hillsborough after the close of the war of 1812, to superintend the sale of these lands for his father, and made this place his home for several years. While in Hillsborough, he was the recipient, as the reward of gallantry at Fort Stephenson, of a splendid gold-mounted sword, presented to him by a vote of congress—Major Croghan and each of his officers receiving a similar distinction.' It was a beautiful memento of the heroism of that conflict. Young Baylor was at that time a fine specimen of physical manhood, and a gentleman of genial and popular manners. He married Miss Ann Barrere, the daughter of Captain G. W. Barrere, of New Market, and was for many years seltled on his lands in Brown county, Ohio, but afterwards removed to Indiana. A sister of Mr. Baylor married B. H. Johnson, one of Hillsborough's first merchants. HON. SAMUEL E. HIBBEN, not only a prominent merchant, but a large minded citizen of Hillsborough for more than fifty years, commenced business at the county seat of Highland in 1826. For two years he had been in company with his brother, William, in Greenfield, after an apprenticeship of four years, commencing in his sixteenth year, with a brother in Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania. His first partner in business in Hillsborough was Absalom Rhodes; the partnership continuing but two years. Among other partners associated with him during his half century of business life, was Andrew Barry, for many years one of Hillsborough's most highly respected citizens. For the last thirty years, his sons, Thomas and Robert, have been associated in business with their father, though until 1878, Mr. Hibben took an active part in the management of his business affairs, and though at present unable to attend to its active duties, his mind is as unclouded as in the palmiest days of his energetic and useful life. Among his partners should be mentioned the late Joseph I. Woodrow, who coming into his store at an early age, at length became a partner. Joseph H. Hibben, the present proprietor, took the entire charge from the time of his father's disability, which resulted from an attack of paralysis; from which he is still suffering. Mr. Hibben was horn in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, April, 1804, and was married, in 1827, to Margaret Galloway, who is still living. Their golden wedding was celebrated in 1877. Of their six children, four sons and two daughters, four are still living. Thomas Hibben is secretary of the Columbus & Marysville railway company, a position which he has held a number of years. Another son, the late Samuel H. Hibben, Presbyterian minister at Peoria, Illinois, died in 1862. His son, John G. Hibben, a young man of great promise, is now in Princeton college. Mr. Samuel E. Hibben, has served in the State senate, and has held many prominent positions in the community in which he has passed a long and honorable lite. WILLIAM P. BERNARD was born in Lexington, Rockbridge county, Virginia, October 4, 180o. He is the son of Richard F. and Mary Moore (Walker) Bernard, who came to Highland county in 1805, and settled on the Bernard survey of fourteen hundred acres, at Lee's creek, in Fairfield township. William Bernard, a brother of Richard, was a lieutenant in the Revolution, dying before the war was over. On account of his services the land above mentioned was granted to John Bernard, his oldest living brother, and of him purchased by Richard, who, as we have said, settled on it with his family in 1805. They arrived late in the fall, and lived six weeks in a tent, while building a comfortable cabin. This was finished, and they moved into it the night before Christmas. The removal was very timely, as a heavy snow storm came up during the night, which would have made tent life anything but comfortable. Richard Bernard spent the remainder of his life on this farm, dying in May, 1834. William P. Bernard came to Liberty township in 1859, and settled two and a half miles west of Hillsborough, on a fine farm of two hundred and seventy-two acres. He has here a beauliful home, rebuilt in 1874, after a fire in which it was nearly destroyed. It is built of brick, painted whrte, and appropriately christened " White Hall." One hundred and seventy-five acres of land adjoining have recently been added to the farm, making its present extent four hundred and forty-seven acres. Of these, about thirty-five acres are covered with timber, mostly white oak; forty are now in wheat, giving as fine promise as any in Highland county, in this unusually promising season. Forty acres are in meadow, and seventy-five in pasture—the rest being appropriated to various uses. Twenty-five cows are kept on the farm, principally for producing cream to be sold in town. Butter is made to a considerable extent in winter and spring. Cattle and hogs are raised, more or less, every year, for market. The barn is a sightly, well-built and convenient structure, sixty by forty-five feet on the ground, and forty-four feet from the bottom of the cellar to the comb of the roof. The farm is valued at sixty dollars per acre. A copious and unfailing spring of excellent water, with a convenient ice and milk house over it, adds great value and picturesque effect to the premises—of which a very fine view may be found on another page. Mr. Bernard's ancestry, on both sides, were connected with some of the most romantic episodes in American history. On the father's side, he is the eighth in descent from Pocahontas. We have seen the pedigree which establishes this fact, and regret that we have not the space to give it entire. Suffice it to say, we are fully convinced that, since Pocahontas was the daughter of an Indian king, Mr. Bernard very justly claims the honor of having royal aboriginal blood in his veins. It is a singular and interesting coincidence, which we cannot forbear to note, that this information was imparted to us in a communication from Mr. Bernard, brought by Mrs. Bernard's beautiful and talented niece, who is now a student in the Hillsborough Female college, and who is herself a descendant, not quite so remote, of a northwestern Pocahontas. History repeats itself, it is said. Hence, for aught we can tell, there may be, two hundred years from now, a new line of first families in Ohio, constituting another branch of native aristocracy, and all tracing their pedigree back to that Pocahontas of the northwest; as the first families of Virginia are still proud to trace theirs back to the more romantic, only, perhaps, because more ancient, Pocahontas of the southeast. Mr. Bernard's grandmother, on the mother's side, was Jane Moore, who married Joseph Walker. Jane Moore was a sister of James Moore, who was killed by the Indians in Abb's Valley, Virginia, on the fourteenth of June, 1786. Two or three of his children were killed at the same time; and his wife, two daughters—Mary and Jane—and a friend—Miss Martha Evans—were taken prisoners and brought to the old town, in what is now Ross county. There the inhuman savages burnt Mrs. Moore and her daughter, Jane, at the stake; and Mary, before they proceeded farther north, gathered up the bones with her own hands (though but a mere child) and buried them. Martha Evans and Mary Moore were subsequently taken into Canada and sold; and, about two years after their capture they were found and restored to their friends in Virginia, by Thomas Evans, a brother of Martha. A few years after her return to Virginia, Mary Moore married a Presbyterian minister (afterward distinguished) by the name of Samuel Brown. They had several children—three of the sons becoming ministers of the same church. One of these (who was, of course, a second cousin of the subject of this sketch) wrote a very interesting account of his mother's captivity, with the title of "The Captives of Abb's Valley," which was published about the year 185o, and which we have had the pleasure of reading. We should be glad to pursue the history further, but have neither time nor space. Mr. Bernard was married November 23, 1853, to Mrs. Mary C. Rhoades (formerly Miss Black), of Hillsborough. They have had one son, Charles F., born September 10, 1854. He died October 21, 1877, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, to which place he had gone for his health. He is spoken of as a young man of great promise—intelligent, affectionate, pious—having joined the Presbyterian church in Hillsborough in his fifteenth year. His father has been a member of the same church since 1832. Mrs. Bernard was born July 12, 1825, her parents being David and Lydia Black, of Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio about the year 1837. She was twice married before she became the wife of Mr. Bernard—the first time, in 1843, to the Rev. N. T. Ayers, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, who died in 1845, just a week after the birth of their only child, to whom was given the name of his father. She was married the second time to Thomas S. Rhoades, of Hillsborough, October, 1847. They had three children—Frank T., born in 1848; Robert G., in 185o; and Clara Sullivan, in 1852. All these children are living, and all married. N. T. Ayres married Mary Atley, of Athens, Tennessee. He was in the Union army three years. After the war was over, he engaged in the dry goods trade at Athens for a year or two; and then returned to Hillsborough, where he remained eight years. After that he settled in Houston, Texas, where he is now engaged in business. 392 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. Frank T. is in Paducah, Kentucky, successfully engaged in the dry goods trade. He married Anna Terrell in 1872. Robert G. lives on the Bernard home farm, of which he is the efficient manager. He was married in Los Angeles, California, to Miss Laura Gridley, in 1876. He resided on the Pacific coast seven years— one and a half years of that dme in British Columbia. Clara S. is married to Samuel B. Hubbs, of Paducah, where her husband is a partner of her brother Frank. These children are all made heirs to the extensive estate of their stepfather, who, having received them into his family in their early childhood, has always treated them with paternal affection. Mr. Bernard had four brothers and four sisters. Two brothers are still living—one in Illinois, and the other in Iowa. One sister also survives—now Mrs. Evans, residing in Chillicothe. THE TRIMBLE FAMILY. The architect who should be placed in the midst of a wealth of material for a structure, not only of grand proportions, but of the most subtile grace in detail and finish, and yet with a limited area on which to rear this realization of a fair picture standing in completed beauty, in that enchanted land which he visits alone, but to which he longs to give material expression—a poem without words— might sill solve the problem of a worthy use of the material awaiting the plastic hand of the master, by lifting skyward the groups of columns, the clustered domes and the terraced minarets; when, if to the limited area, were added the harsher limitation in aerial space, he must fold his hands in despair. In this latter dilemma does the historiographer of the forthcoming county history find himself, in the presence of such ample material for a score of biographies, no one of which could be fitted into the narrow limits, assigned by the necessity of the case, to this department of the work. Names await us which not Highland county alone "delights to honor," but which the State claims as worthy to be recorded among those who have helped to give Ohio her proud rank among her sister States. And herein is seen the advantage of him who wields the hammer and the trowel over him who builds with the pen. The former may, having a firm foundation, build toward the stars, but the latter is shut out from this escape from enforced limits, since the higher his flights, or in other words, the greater his enthusiasm in his work, the greater the area which he demands. MuItum in parvo is his only hope. Captain James Trimble, a Virginian, who had emigrated to Kentucky in 1784, where he had previously located land warrants received for services in the Revolution, has already been mentioned in the chapter on settlements. He was among the first to visit the territory comprised in the present county of Highland, and, though he did not become a resident, dying, it was thought, of a fever contracted while making preparations to move his family hither; yet was the new county none the less indebted to his wise foresight in seeking to establish his young sons in a commonwealth whose institutions were in consonance with his own conviction of right. No sooner had the State constitulion been adopted, prohibiting slavery, than, " influenced by high moral and religious considerations, and with a view to the ultimate interests of his growing family," Captain Trimble resolved to manumit his slaves, and make his home in the recently admitted State north of the Ohio. Great sacrifices were involved in this change, those of a pecuniary character being the least considered. In their residence of twenty years in Woodford county, they had seen very great and favorable changes. The country about them had been gradually settled ; society, of which they had at first been deprived, was improving ; and warm friendships had been formed. Churches and schools had been established, and their children, eight in number, were of an age to require. all the advantages which were now accessible for them, and which would be wanting in a new community. And then, how could they, at their age, repeat the experiences of pioneer life, with the results of a lifetime of privation and toil enticing them to disregard their scruples ? In the language of one who had great cause to revere the memories of these parents, called thus to choose for themselves and their children, "They thought it better to make sacrifices to please God, rather than enjoy all their advantages and offend against his Divine Majesty, and the purpose was soon formed to seek a new home." The early life of this good man had been marked by scenes of tragic interest. In one of the many savage incursions upon the settlements of western Virginia, his father, John Trimble, was killed, and he, a lad of ten years, and a sister, Mrs. Estel, a young married lady, were taken captive. The Indians were pursued by a company led by Colonel Moffit and Captain Estel, and on the sixth day, when they had well-nigh despaired of overtaking them, the savages were surprised in their camp, thinking themselves safe from pursuit, and the prisoners were rescued. James Trimble, at the age of twenty-one, participated in the desperately fought, battle of Point Pleasant, at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, in 1774. He also commanded a company for the defence of the settlements in western Virginia, and was in active service during the period of the Revolutionary war. In 1780 Captain Trimble married Jane, daughter of John Allen, of Augusta county, Virginia. Mr. Allen's only brothers had fallen on battle-fields, the last at Point Pleasant, under General Lewis, who was also slain. In 1784 Captain Trimble and family formed part of a company of more than five hundred souls, who, under command of General Knox, of Revolutionary fame, traversed the wilderness from Virginia to the interior of Kentucky on horseback, depending upon their rifles for supplies, and for defence against the hostile Indians. Two-thirds of this company were women and children, and the march was conducted under strict military regulations. Allen, the oldest son, was eleven months old, and was carried in his mother's lap during this tedious and perilous journey. Captain Trimble settled a few miles from McConnell's station, now Lexington, Kentucky, where he died after a residence of about twenty years, in 1804, having just returned from Ohio, whither he had gone to make preparations for removing his family. Mrs. Jane Trimble, wife of Captain James Trimble, was a woman of rare intelligence, and exalted worth, and her character was deeply impressed, not only upon the social circle to which she belonged, but upon the community in which she lived. Her earnest and devoted piety was exemplified during a long and eventful life. As a young and fearless pioneer to Kentucky in 1784, contemporary with the earliest settlers, and afterward to Ohio, when it was yet the hunting ground of the Indian, her life was indeed a romance of thrilling interest. Born and reared in that valley of Virginia, within whose narrow bounds were enacted so many appalling tragedies, whose details transcend in pathos the wildest flights of the tragic Muse, her heroism and self-reliance were an impersonation of the grand epoch in which she lived—exalted qualities which characterized many of the noble women of the period of the Revolution. Her early training was in the faith of the Presbyterian church, and her youth was spent under the faithful ministrations of the pastors of the old Stone church of Augusta county, Virginia. But when, after years of isolation from church privileges, the preaching of such men as Carey Allen, Calhoun and Marshall, was followed by the great revival of Cane Ridge, in 1801, she with her husband united with the Methodist church. Her zeal and devotion in the cause of religion were not, however, sectarian and bigoted, but, with an enlarged and liberal charity, embraced all christian denominations. Her cottage home in the country was among the first opened to the itinerant preachers who first entered the field, Methodist or Presbyterian. The late Rev. Dr. Hoge, of Columbus, when he first visited Ohio as a young missionary, in 1805, was a guest in her family for several months, preaching at different places in the county. Such was her estimale of the value and obligation of public worship, and the preaching of the Gospel, that no opportunity was lost of being found even among the "two or three gathered," often it might be in the humble pioneer cabin, and miles remote from her own home. How does such faithfulness rebuke the indolent piety of the present day, when the comfortable seat in a church a few squares distant is left vacant, and for trivial causes, which a christian should blush to enumerate. Knowing the consistency of her christian living, and that He is faithful to whom her service was given, we are not surprised when told by her biographer, who gratefully acknowledges himself the son of her prayers, that, "as age and infirmity crept upon her, her peace was as a river, and that all day long she was rejoicing in sure and certain hope of a blessed immortality." As an evidence of that indomitable energy which characterized her through life, may be mentioned the fact that after her sixtieth year she made two journeys on horseback to Virginia. Mrs. Trimble had always been a fearless and accomplished rider, and on one occasion, under the stimulus of a mother's anxious love, on hearing that a beloved son was sick, she rode over forty miles in one day. During her early residence in Kentucky, when riding with an infant in her arms, and a little four year old son on the horse behind her, she was pursued by a fierce wolf; and, though her horse was fleet and trustworthy, the ravenous animal kept at her side, snapping at the prey he so much coveted, until a stream was reached, which was forded, and the pursuit cut off. After the death of her husband, M rs. Trimble, in conformity with HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO - 393 his well known wishes, removed to the new home he had prepared for them in Highland county, Ohio. Her family at this time consisted of eight children, six sons and two daughters. Allen Trimble, the eldest son, having just arrived at his majority, and inheriting much of the self-reliance and energy, so conspicuous in lhe character of both parents, with the added preparation of a thorough English and business education, and with a manliness certain to be called out under similar circumstances, in natures like his, became, virlually, the head of the family. Marrying soon after, he removed to Hillsborough, as clerk of the courts; and, a few years later, Mrs. Trimble left the farm, and the house of her son, Allen, was her principal home during the remainder of her life—dividing her time with her married daughters, Mary L., Mrs. Nelson of Hillsborough; and Margaret, Mrs. McCue of Virginia. Mrs. Trimble died in Hillsborough in 1838, at the advanced age of eighty-three. Allen Trimble, with two brothers—William A. and Carey A.—took an active part in the war of 1812. The older brother, notwithstanding his official position, answered promptly to his country's call for brief periods of military service, both in 1812 and 1813. He was elected colonel of one of the regiments raised immediately after the surrender of Hull. The object for which the troops were raised having been accomplished, in a manner reflecling great credit upon their patriotism and valor, and the time for which they were called having expired, they were disbanded. Again at the general call of Governor Meigs, in 1813, he marched a regiment to Upper Sandusky; but, in accordance with instructions from the war department, these patriotic men, crowding to the front, were discharged, though not without loud complaints on the part of those who were thus debarred from sharing in the dangers and triumphs of this second struggle for independence. In 1816, Allen Trimble was elected to the legislature from Highland county by a large majority over the former representative, and took his seat in the first general assembly convened at Columbus, the new capital of Ohio. The following year he was elected to the senate from the district composed of the counties of Highland and Fayette, and was returned for four successive terms by large majorities. At the session of 1818, he was elected speaker of the senate and was continued in that position, with scarcely a dissenting voice, for several sessions. In 1821, he was elected United States senator, to fill the vacancy Caused by the death of his brother, the Hon. William A. Trimble. During the period of his connection with the State senate, he was enabled to give valuable service to the recently broached subject of common schools, and the early adoption of the present system was greatly facilitated by his judicious appointment, while acting governor, of men of enlightened views, on the committee entrusted with the duty of examining and reporting to the next general assembly upon this important subject, and the policy of the adoption of the system by the State of Ohio. He was also elected by the general assembly, in 1824, as one of the canal fund commissioners, authorized to negotiate the first loan of the State for canal purposes, which duty was successfully accomplished, and on the most favorable terms. At the October election of 1826, Allen Trimble was elected governor of the State, and thus was vindicated the wisdom of his father, who, when he proposed to remove to a free State that he might put away from himself, and from his posterity, the evil of slavery, was thought by some of his friends to be "deranged." Governor Trimble was reelected in 1828, notwithstanding the State was carried for General Jackson in the November election by several thousand majority. Those who are acquainted with the strong party feeling elicited in this general election, will appreciate the evidence it affords of the unbounded popularity of Governor Trimble, who had from the first been known as the ardent supporter of Mr. Clay, as a candidate for the presidency. At the close of his second executive term, December, 1830, Governor Trimble retired from private life, in the enjoyment of a degree of confidence in his integrity, and respect for varied abilities, seldom accorded after so long a term of public service. It is scarcely necessary to add, that though no longer officially in the service of the public, he was ever found among the foremost in all en_ terprises having for their aim the development of the material resources of the commonwealth, or the intellectual and moral advancement of the citizens of the communrty with which he was more immediately connected. Having, while he yet occupied the place of chief executive of the State, obeyed his strong convictions of duty, in connecting himself with the Methodist Episcopal church, it is a small thing to say of such a man that his subsequent life was in consonance with this important step, and fraught with influences for good, during a life prolonged to nearly double the age at which he withdrew himself from the entanglements and excitements of political contests. He died in Hillsborough, in the home in which he had lived for more than sixty years, in February, 5870. William A. Trimble, the second son of Captain James Trimble, after thorough preparation for the practice of law (commenced under the late Judge Robert Trimble, of Kentucky, continued after his removal of his family to Ohio, under the Hon. W. H. Creighton, of Chillicothe, and completed at the celebrated law school under Judge Story, of Litchfield, Connecticut), opened a law office in Hillsborough in 181r, and entered upon his profession under auspices which promised distinguished success. But, while on his way to West Union, to attend the first court after his admission to the bar, he was met by a messenger bearing the stirring tidings of war with England. The herald was a fast rider, with an order from General McArthur calling on Highland county for a quota of one hundred volunteers. Forensic honors were all forgot, and the patriotls ardor flamed up in his youthful heart. He turned back upon his steps. Law could wait until the question, "Who shall give us laws?" was decided. The next day his maiden speech was made in the public square of Hillsborough, to the citizen soldiers, who, like himself, had left the paths they had marked out, and rallied at the first bugle blast of their country. In a few days two full companies were mustered into service, and marched to headquarters at Dayton, one under the command of Captain John Jones, and the other under Captain George Barrere. Young Trimble entered the company of Jones as a private, and, upon the organization of McArthur's regiment, was chosen major. This little army of the Fourth United States infantry, with the brigade of General Findley, made a toilsome march through four hundred miles of dense forest, to share the humiliation of Hull's surrender of four thousand men to General Brock, at Detroit. A prisoner of war, Major Trimble was paroled and soon returned to Ohio. Ordered to Albany to attend the court-martial for the trial of General Hull, he visited Washington city, and obtained the appointment of major for the Twenty-sixth infantry, to be recruited in Ohio. His young brother, Carey A. Trimble, a youth of seventeen, was appointed lieutenant in the same regiment. Though not eligible to active service in the field, he could not be idle. While Lieutenant Trimble was superintending a recruiting department in the spring of 1813 (his office in Hillsborough being in a building still standing on the northwest corner of High and Walnut streets), Major Trimble waited on General Harrison at Dayton, who was making active preparations for a campaign to recover Detroit, and procured a colonel's commission for his brother, Allen Trimble, to raise a battalion of mounted men for the relief of Fort Wayne. The stipulation was that the force should be mustered at Dayton in ten days. The Major gave the pledge, and riding all night, fifty miles to Hillsborough, delivered the commission with instructions from General Harrison to his brother. They both took the field, riding through Highland and Adams counties, and two battalions of five hundred men responded to the call and marched to Daylon within the specified time. The late Judge John W. Campbell, then a young lawyer of West Union, took an active part in enrolling the troops from Adams county. In the spring of 1814 Major Trimble, having received his exchange joined his regiment, which then formed the veteran Nineteenth, distinguished at Chippewa, Lundy's Lane and Niagara. In the memorable "sortie" from Fort Erie, in September, 1814, Major Trimble was in the advance, and after storming and carrying two redouts, fell, mortally wounded, it was believed, by a shot through the lungs. After lingering for many weeks in a critical condition, to the great surprise of his surgeon, Dr. Trowbridge, he was restored to active duty. He was brevetted on the day of the battle for his gallant services, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and upon peace being restored, was retained in the army, with that rank. The three succeeding years were spent with the army in the west and south, co-operating with General Jackson in 1818, in his celebrated Florida campaign, and in the capture of St. Marks and Pensacola. Wearying of military life in time of peace, he resigned, and returned to Hillsborough, the home of his brothers. The following year, 1819, he was elected United States senator, in recognition of his military services and patriotism. In 1821 he was invited by Governor Cass to attend a council to be held with the northwestern Indians, to treat for the cession of the territory now constituting the State of Wisconsin. The place of meeting was at old Fort Dearborn, now Chicago. On his return to Detroit in an open barge, the exposure caused inflammation of the old wound through his lungs, and with slow and weary stages he reached Washington city, where he died December 12, 1821, 50 394 - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. at the threshold of a career which promised great usefulness and honor, and at the early age of thirty-six. His young brother and comrade in arms, Captain Carey A. Trimble, had died in the preceding September, and still another and younger brother, Dr. Cyrus Trimble, a promising young physician of Chillicothe, followed them to the grave in 1822. Captain Trimble, though a mere youth when he entered the army `with the rank of lieutenant, had, by his gallant bearing, won the highest esteem of his superiors, and the confidence and admiration of his comrades. A brief glimpse into his soldier life must suffice. While stationed at Fort Niagara, one of the line of frontier posts, in the winter of 1813, he was captured in a night attack by Proctor and his Indian allies, and conveyed to Quebec. Here he was held for some time as a hostage for the safety of some prisoners whom Scott had threatened to hang, in retaliation for British barbarities. Negotiations followed, which released him from this painful position, but he was held a prisoner until June of the same year, when being exchanged, he returned to Hillsborough by way of New York and Philadelphia. His young brother, John A., then a boy of twelve, at school in the latter city, had the pleasure of making the never-forgotten homeward journey, in company with the soldier brother. It required six days' staging from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, and six or eight days by keel-boat to Maysville, Kentucky. The loss by death of three such citizens in one year was a public calamity, and one that was most deeply felt, and feelingly acknowledged at the time of its occurrence. May the young men of the present day be stimulated to high endeavor by these noble examples, since so much is seen to be the fruit of even a brief career of honor. James A. Trimble, the third son of Captain James Trimble, and John A., the youngest of a family of eight, were during their years of active life connected with the mercantile firm of Trimble Brothers, which was doing business in Hillsborough from 184 to 1855. This house of which we have spoken in another part of this volume, in the chapter on the early merchants of Hillsborough, conducted an active and energetic business in the several departments of trade as carried on at that time. John A. Trimble, brother of Governor Allen Trimble, and the only surviving member of Captain James Trimble's immediate family, is still a resident of Hillsborough, at the ripe age of seventy-nine years. He married, in 1829, Lavinia, daughter of Dr. William Boys, a distinguished physician of Staunton, Virginia. Eight children were born to them: Jane S., William Boys, Mary Ella, Rosa, Cyrus Boys, John Alexander, Rodney Telfair, and Alice M. Of these, only two survive, Rodney T., who studied medicine and graduated from Pennsylvania university, and is now in successful practice in New Vienna, Clinton county, Ohio ; and Alice M., the youngest, residing with her parents at the old homestead, in Hillsborough. Of the two daughters of Captain James Trimble, the first, Margaret, born November 9, 1790, married James McCue, of Virginia, and had three children, one son and two daughters. The son, Marshall, is still living in Augusta county, Virginia. The other daughter, Mary L., born September 15, 1795, married John Nelson, of Hillsborough, and had seven children, four of whom are still living. William and Marshall own farms on Clear creek, about three miles east of town, and James is living in Illinois. Jane Nelson, the youngest of these children, was educated at the Highland institute, and, after arriving at womanhood, went as a missionary to India, under the auspices of the Presbyterian board of missions, where she remained several years actively and most usefully engaged in her chosen work of benevolence. Her health having become impaired, she returned to her native State, where she still resides. We will conclude this imperfect history of the Trimble family, with a brief geneological sketch of the family of Governor Allen Trimble. He was twice married ; first to Miss Margaret McDowell, of Kentucky, and again to Miss Rachel Woodrow, of Hillsborough. Of the first marriage there were two children, and of the second, three. Joseph McDowell, the first son of Governor Trimble, was born in 1807. He is a distinguished clergyman and doctor of divinity in the Methodist church, residing at Columbus. He married Sarah Starr, of Hillsborough, September 22, 1830. They have had one son who died in infancy. The second son; James Madison, was born in 1809, and married Mary Ann Smith, daughter of the pioneer merchant of Hillsborough, in 1830. Of this marriage there have been six children, as follows : Sarah Jane (who married Judge Lilly), James W., John Allen, Charles (a lieutenant in the Union army, and killed in the second battle of Bull Run), Margaret (now Mrs. Armstrong, of Hillsborough), and George, who died in 1879. J. Madison Trimble has been dead some years, and his widow still lives in Hillsborough. William H., the third son of Governor Trimble, was born October 22, 1811. He studied law and was admitted to practice, but he has been, nearly all his life, so much engrossed in political, military and business affairs, that he has found little time to devote to his profession. He served the lower house of the Ohio legislature for three years (1845, '46 and '47), and subsequently declined a nomination to the senate. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he espoused, with great energy, the cause of the government. Few men in southern Ohio did more to encourage enlistments and concentrate the public sentiment of this region (so full of southern sympathy) on the side of the Union. Although fifty years old, and in precarious health, he accepted the command of the Sixtieth regiment, Ohio infantry, which he ably commanded in several engagements. Though he passed through these unhurt, yet he was afterwards so seriously injured by his horse being thrown upon him, that he was compelled to resign his command, just on the eve of promotion, and return to his home in Hillsborough, after a year's arduous service. Colonel Trimble was married June 4, 1846, to Martha Buckingham, a daughter of the late Hon. Ebenezer Buckingham, and sister of Gen. C. P. Buckingham, now of Chicago. It is worthy of note that her father was the intimate friend and coadjutor of Gov. Trimble, a member with him of the first board of canal fund commissioners; and that it was mainly through their joint influence that a loan was secured in New York, upon unexpectedly favorable terms. Colonel and Mrs. Trimble have had four children—Catharine B., William B., Allen B., and Ebenezer B.—all of whom are dead, but the daughter who resides with her parents in their beautiful suburban villa, near Hillsborough. Carey A., fourth son of Governor Trimble, was born about the year 1813. After graduating in medicine, he entered upon the successful practice of his profession in Chillicothe, where he married Mary, daughter of the late Governor McArthur. They had one daughter - Nannie—who married William Madeira of that city. Both the mother and daughter are dead, and Dr. Trimble is married, the second time, to Anna P. Thompson, of Harrodsburgh, Kentucky, where he now resides. They have had one son—Allen—who died in childhood. Eliza Jane, the fifth child, and only daughter of Governor Trimble, was born in 1815, and married to the Hon. James H. Thompson, September 21, 1837. They have had eight children, as follows: Allen T., born June 19, 1838, a young man of great promise—married to Lucy W. Crum, August 6, 1858—died July 17, 1868, leaving two children; Sarah Trimble, residing with her grandmother, Mrs. Thompson, and George Allen, with his widowed mother in Xenia, Ohio. Anna Porter, born June 7, 1840—died in 1859. John Henry, born October 24, 1843—died in infancy. Joseph 'Trimble, born October 24, 1844—has resided for some years in California, but is about to become associated in business with a younger brother in Colorado. Marie Davis, born March 1, 1849—married to Herbert Tuttle, with whom she resided some years in Berlin. He has recently accepted a professorship in the State university of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. Henry B., born September 16, 1852—now studying medicine at the Ohio Medical college. John B., born October 24, 1854—recently settled in business in Colorado. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson enjoy a national reputation as advocates of the temperance reform. Their residence, the old Governor Trimble mansion, is an object of interest to all intelligent strangers visiting Hillsborough. 394A - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO JUDGE JAMES SLOANE. James Sloane was born in Richmond, Virginia, on the twenty-second day of February, 1822. His parents, Matthew and Mary Sloane, were born near Belfast in county Antrim, Ireland. They were Scotch-Irish, and members of the Presbyterian church. They moved to this country, settling in Richmond, shortly before the subject of this sketch was born. In the year 1827 his parents removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where they remained for about a year, when the family moved to a farm neat Fayetteville, Brown county, Ohio. James Sloane assisted his father in the conduct and management of the farm, in winter attending the district school, of which his father was sometimes teacher. His sole education was that received at such school together with his private instruction from his father (who was an educated man) at home. When about seventeen years old, he received a severe injury, while log-rolling in a clearing, by a log rolling on him, and breaking his ribs. From the effects of this hurt he never entirely recovered. Disabled thereby from any further work on the farm, he thenceforward gave his attention to the acquirement of such education as his opportunities afforded him, and very soon afterwards entered upon the work of teaching school. He taught district school in Brown county, and also in Clinton county until about the year 1839 or 1840, when he commenced reading law with the late Judge Barclay Harlan, of Wilmington, Ohio. Having read with him for some time, he attended law school in Cincinnati whence he graduated in the year 1844. He settled in Hillsborough in 1845, and began the practice of his profession. In 1849 he was married to Miss Kate White, of Ross county, Ohio, who bore him two sons. In the year 1856 he was elected judge of the common pleas court of this district, on the Democratic ticket, over John L. Green, Republican, now one of the judges of this district for the Columbus subdivision. He served on the bench for a little over a year, when he resigned, to resume the practice at the bar, far more lucrative than his position on the bench. Judge Sloane continued to practice his profession in Highland, and the adjoining counties of Ross, Fayette, Brown, Adams, Pike and Clinton, until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. Immediately upon the president's call for what were known as the three months troops, Judge Sloane raised a company of volunteers, at Hillsborough, and enlisted. He became captain of the company, which was incorporated into the Twelfth Ohio regiment, and was known as company K. When his three months' term of service expired, he, with most of his company, re-enlrsted for three years. He was with his regiment in the campaign of West Virginia, and was severely wounded at the battle of Scary Creek, near Charleston. After the battle of Camifex Ferry, Captain Sloane resigned, and returned to the practice of his profession in Hillsborough. He resigned on account of physical disability, consequent upon the early injury heretofore mentioned. He continued the practice of law in Hillsborough until the year 1868, when he also started a law firm in Cincinnati, where he practiced for two or three years, at the same time retaining his office in Hillsborough. In 1871 he relinquished his office in Cincinnati and confined himself entirely to his practice in Highland and adjacent counties. On the seventeenth day of September, 1873, he died suddenly in his room, at Hillsborough, of congestion of the brain. Judge Sloane was of medium height, of rather slight, though well built figure, and of erect carriage. His face was rather square, features regular, forehead projecting, square and high, eyes dark and piercing. In deportment he was somewhat awkward, but possessed of a marked and striking dignity of bearing. From nature Judge Sloane had received gifts of a vey high order. He had a mind of remarkable clearness, force, and analytical power. He was capable of intense and long continued application, seeming to take pleasure in sustained mental effort. He was endowed with very strong memory and a fertile imagination, upon both of which, without apparent effort, he could draw for illustration in the forum, or in conversation. His temperament was warm and impetuous. So equipped, it was a matter of course that he should take high rank in his profession wherever known, and that he should be a powerful advocate. His success in his profession was brilliant. Had it not been for defects that mingled with his merits and gifts of mind and character, hardly anything in the line of his ambition would have been beyond his reach. These defects were obvious, and much obscured his finer qualities. Either by natural bent of disposition, or acquired habit of mind, he early became, and to the end continued, a misanthrope. He could be the most genial and delightful of companions when he chose, but he did not often choose. Generous to a fault with his few intimate friends, and with a kind of contemptuous generosity fo1 all, so far as mere open-handed giving went; of that "charity which suffereth long and is kind," he had but little for individuals or the world. His scorn and his contempt were easily excited, and, if excited, rarely concealed. Such being the case, it is not to be wondered at that, while admired for his talents and respected for his sterling and ingrained honesty of character, he came to stand almost alone. It should in no wise be omitted, however, that a few trusty friends, who had inspired his affection, bear testimony that his demeanor to the world was but a husk, beneath which was a real kindness of heart, and that these clung to him with unswerving devotion to the end. COLONEL GEORGE SHAFFER was born June 17, 1792, in Hagerstown, Maryland, where his father, Andrew, was also born about the year 1757. His grandfather, Theo- bald Shaffer (or Schaefer, as the name was spelt in the old country),. came from Germany, when a young man, and settled on Antietam creek, about a mile and a half from Hagerstown. His grandmother, Catharine Kissinger, came over to this country in the same vessel that Nought his grandfather. It seems probable that they were betrothed before they left home; but of this there is no record or positive tradition in the family. The Schaefers and Kissingers were both well-to-do families in Germany; but the young people, desiring to save their money to begin life with, both bound themselves to serve a year, after their arrival in America, to pay for their passage. They faithfully performed the conditions of the contract; and the year of service being over, they were duly married, purchased land in the locality above mentioned, and went to housekeeping in their own home. Theobald and Catharine Shaffer had twelve children in all—four sons and eight daughters. One son, Adam, was postmaster at German post-office, Virginia. Adam's oldest son was in the Virginia legislature. The husband of one of the daughters (name not given) became cashier of the Hagerstown bank. And one son, George, settled in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Andrew Shaffer, father of Colonel George Shaffer, the subject of this sketch, married Mary Stroup in Hagerstown, about the year 1780. They also had twelve children. Eleven of them were born in Hagerstown, where two died in infancy, and nine removed with their parents to Ohio, settling at New Market, in this county, in 1805. There the youngest son, Samuel, was born in 1806. Two brothers of Mrs. Shaffer (Anthony and Michael Stroup) had come to New Market a year or two before; and it was this fact which induced the Shaffers to locate there. The names of Andrew Shaffer's children that came to maturity are the following: Andrew, Adam, Susie (who married George Caley), Jacob, George, John, Daniel, Jonas, Nancy (married to Jonathan Faust), and Samuel. These all married, and all raised families, except Jacob and Jonas. George, Jonas, Nancy and Samuel are now living. Colonel George Shaffer, the fifth of these children, was married, April 27, 18r5, to Elizabeth Mason, daughter of William and Sarah (Shackleford) Mason, of Winchester, Virginia, where Elizabeth was born, in October, 1794. Her parents came, with their family, to Chillicothe, in 1805, and moved from there to Highland county, in 1813; and it was in this county, near what is now East Monroe, Fairfield township, that their daughter Elizabeth was married to George Shaffer. Her father enlisted in the last war with England, at the time of the "general call," but was out only about twenty days. The Masons, like the two families of the Shaffers, already given, had twelve children—Joseph, Elizabeth, Silas, William, Abigail, Samuel, Robert, Catharine, Morgan, Jackson, Eveline and Mary Ellen. All lived to maturity, and all married and have families, except Joseph, who enlisted in the regular army, in the wa1 of 1812, and died of consumption while in the service, in 184. Four of these children are still living, viz.: Elizabeth, William, Samuel and Morgan. George and Elizabeth (Mason) Shaffer have had nine children. The first was still-born in 1817; then Perry was born in 1819, and died when about five years old; Joseph, born in 1822; William, in 1824; Perry (named for the one that died), born in 1826, and died about two years of age; Mason, born in 1828, died when twelve years old; Josephine, horn in 1832, died at the age of eight; Eveline, born in 1839; and Rebecca, in 1845. The four who are living are all married and have families. Joseph, the third in this list of children, was married in 1842, to Sarah Chaplin, daughter of John and Nancy (Lanham) Chaplin. Her family came from Uniontown, Pennsylvania, to Highland county early in its history. Joseph and Sarah C. Shaffer have had five children— Mary Ellen, William Lafayette, Joseph Franklin, who died in infancy, 394B - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. George Milton and Nancy Elizabeth. The four living have all reached maturity and are married. Joseph Shaffer, the father of this family, enlisted in the Union army, during the late war, October 21, 1862, in the Eighth Ohio cavalry, which, before being filled up, was consolidated with the Second. He served during the war—a part of the time on detached duty, in charge of guerilla prisoners in Louisville, acting as orderly at headquarters, etc. During the time he was in active service he was mostly in east Tennessee. He enlisted as a private, and was made first sergeant of his company, which rank he held when discharged. Before the war he was engaged in merchandise, in Danville, Hamer township. During the war he purchased fifty-six acres of land about a mile west of the village, to which, since the war closed, he has added twenty-seven acres adjoining. On this land he settled in the year 1866. His son, George Milton, has a home on the same place, where he lives with his wife and one child. Joseph Shaffer's first wife died in February, 1866, in Danville; and he was married, March 7, 1869, to Mrs. Martha Wolfe, formerly Miss Murphy, whose first husband was killed in the Union army during the war. She had six children by the first marriage, all of whom are dead. Of the second marriage there have been no children. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Shaffer, though living in an unpretentious log house, are yet surrounded with an abundance of home comforts, and know how to dispense a generous hospitality, as the writer of this can truly testify. Their aged father and mother, George and Elizabeth Shaffer, have found a home with them since 1870, tenderly cared for in their declining years—the former eighty-eight, and the latter nearly eighty-six. Colonel George Shaffer (to end this sketch with the name that began it) has been, in his time, emphatically a man of mark. Energetic in business, his energy has not always brought him success, nor filled his coffers with gold. But he recognizes the fact that there is something better than gold or success, even in this life. His military title of Colonel comes from his connection with the Ohio State militia, subsequent to the war of 1812—having been bestowed by regular commission from the governor of the State. Without aspirations for political distinction himself, he has nevertheless been', by his eloquence on the stump, the cause of political distinction for others—always advocating the claims of the candidates on the Democratic tickel. In this alone, agreeing in all things else, he differs from his son Joseph; and in this, with paternal and fraternal forbearance, they have both agreed to disagree. 394C - HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. RICHARD COLLINS. (The following sketch is a condensation (which our limited space compels us reluctantly to make) of a full and interesling biography of General Collins, which was kindly placed in our hands, and which was "compiled from various sources—principally from Kentucky and Ohio papers," and from personal reminiscences of distinguished men of bolh States. This sketch may be considered as supplemental to the brief notice of General Collins in the history of the Highland county bar in another portion of this work.—EDS.] General Richard Collins was born in New Jersey, February 22, 1796. His falhe1 was the Rev. John Collins, who, removing to southern Ohio at an early day, became a prominent clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church. His energy and independence of character, for which young Collins was distinguished, may be seen in the fact that, when scarcely more than a boy, he sought and obtained employment as deputy clerk in Clermont county, while the county seat remained at Williamsburgh. He read law, during the years 1814 and '15, with John McLean, who afterward became distinguished, both as a statesman and jurist, being, at the time of his death, one of the justices of the United States supreme court. Richard Collins was admitted to practice in 1816, while yet in his twenty-first year, and removed to Hillsborough, where he was immediately appointed prosecuting attorney of Highland county, holding the office for four consecutive years, beginning with 1816, and again in 1823. He was clerk of the Ohio senate fo1 three years, ending with 1820, and represented his county in the legislature for four years-1821, '22, '23 and '26. All these appointments were merely subsidiary to an extensive practice, which soon made him known throughout southern Ohio. His pleading, while forcible, logical and eloquent, was often characterized by a sparkling wit, which made his forensic efforts exceedingly effective and popular. He showed his interest in education by becoming, in 1827, one of the principal stockholders in the first Hillsborough academy. His love of literature was evinced by frequent communications to the press, and by his acceptance of an appointment to deliver the semi-centennial oration, July 4, 1826, at Hillsborough. He was a Whig in politics, and was a candidate for congress in 1826, being defeated by a division in his party, but leading the Adams ticket in his district. He persistently declined a nomination afterwards, though his election was considered certain. It was said of him, at this period of his life, by Judge Phister, of Kentucky: "General Collins seemed to have little taste for the honors or emoluments of office; and, at the time mentioned, although he had few equals in the State as a lawyer and orator, he refused all contests for political position. Had he devoted himself to politics and statesmanship, his pure character, noble bearing, polished and effective eloquence, and his remarkable sagacity and wisdom, would have raised him to a high place in the councils of the nation." General Collins was married in 1823 to Mary Ann Armstrong, daughter of one of the earliest, as well as most enterprising merchants of Maysville, Kentucky, and a few years aflerward, about 183o, he removed to that city and formed a business connection with his father-in-law, in the wholesale dry goods trade, under the firm name of Armstrong & Collins. And about the same time he became associated with George Collings and Levi Sparks, of West Union, Ohio, in the first wholesale queensware house in Kentucky. Although he occasionally appeared after this as an advocate at the bar, yet, finding mercantile and commercial pursuits more congenial to his taste, and his operations in these becoming more and more extended, he gradually 1elinquished the law and devoted himself exclusively to business. The Hon. T. B. Stevenson, in his elaborate sketch of him, thus 1efers to this period of his life: " General Collins became at once a man of mark in his adopted State, and Kentuckians immediately recognized in the unassuming merchant a man of naturalry superior intellect, cultivated and refined by education. They found his judgment clear, acute, practical and discriminating, his taste exquisite and his manners fascinating. In addition to this, he possessed that gift so highly prized everywhere, and especially in Kentucky, a brilliant and captivating style of elocution, admirably adapted to conciliate, persuade and convince. He could not fair, then, to acquire distinction, as he did in any line of life in which he chose to move. He represented Mason county in the legislature in 1834; again in 1844, and again in 1847. He was nominated and elected on each occasion without soricitation, and refused a re-election after each term. He more than once refused to make the race for congress in ' the old tenth district,' when his nomination was sought and tendered him, and when his popurarity would have borne down all opposition." He made a brilliant canvass for Henry Clay in 1844, which was a labr of love, as they were personal friends; and his welcoming address to the ex-president, John Quincy Adams, at Maysville, during the same year, is spoken of as a masterpiece of eloquence. He could have been elected to the United States senate in 1847, but he had consented to serve his Maysville friends in the State legislature for a special purpose, which it was believed he alone could accomplish, and he would not break his faith with them^ even for a position so much more exalted in the public estimation. He accomplished the object for which he was elected (the removal of the county-seat to Maysville), and felt himself fully repaid for his self-sacrifice. No wonder the Maysville people were proud of him! General Collins achieved a handsome fortune in the mercantile business, in which he continued with John Armstrong until 1845, and then alone until 1850, when he finally retired from the business. He took great interest in his adopted city, and, for fifteen years—from 1835 to 1850—was president of its common council, in which position his rare abilities, his moderation and his self-command enabled him to render the most useful and efficient services. He encouraged, both by his influence and money, the turnpikes, railroads and other public improvements tending to enrich the city of Maysville, and to develop its resources; and many of these improvements never would have been completed but for his timely and generous co-operation. Though differing in politics, he was the life-long friend of Colonel Samuel Pike, the editor; and of all the numerous papers published by him, Gen. Collins was a constant patron, and always ready to lend the newspaper veteran a helping hand. In 1853 he returned to Ohio, and settled on the old family homestead in Clermont county; a fine patriarchal estate of six hundred and forty acres, purchased by him of his father. To this spot in 1801, the Rev. John Collins had come with his young family, and hewed his home and farm from the forest. He had died in 1845 at Maysville, and his remains were interred in the graveyard near the old homestead. Here his son now settled; and his active mind at once became interested in agriculture. He started the first agricultural fair in the county; set people to talking about the Cincinnati and Portsmouth railroad, and canvassed, and had surveys made over the line on which it has since been built. On this farm he passed the last two years of his life, now drawing to a close. Men of such nervous, restless organizations are seldom long-lived. He had a great love for his family; and there were now living with his aged mother, two brothers, one sister, and his children. His two oldest sons, John Armstrong and James S., had previously died in the south. His oldest daughter, Mary Eliza, had married T. J. Gallagher, esq., then a leading Cincinnati lawyer. During 1853 and 1854 he built a costly 1esidence on a commanding eminence, overlooking his broad acres, and here he dispensed a liberal and elegant hospitality to hosts of cultivated friends, among whom were the leading statesmen of Ohio and Kentucky. Richard Collins, both from early education and an inherent sense of justice, was opposed to the institution of slavery. He was not, however, an abolitionist, in a party sense, but held to the views of Mr. Clay and Governor Metcalf, of Kentucky; in favor of gradual emancipation and colonization by State action, and such aid as could be secured from the general government and private philanthropy. He was, during the whole time of his residence in Kentucky, an active member of what was known as the Colonization society, and contributed largely of his time, means, and influence to that cause. His own slaves, of whom he held a large number in Kentucky, he emancipated in 1853, making provision for all of them, with the full approbation of his family. He furnished all with homes, means of support and employment. By thus voluntarily sacrificing several thousand dollars of what the law considered property, he furnished a practical illustration of his conscientious belief in his own doctrines. With political abolitionism in that day he had no affiliation on the one hand, nor with the radical southern view, on the other. But he was grieved and indignant at the defeat of his friend, Mr. Clay, by the defection of the Birney men in New York, and he prophesied the death of the Whig party, as the result of that defeat. He, however, lived to see a Whig president elected, in the person of General Taylor, whom he had the pleasure of introducing to a vast concourse of people, assembled at Maysville to greet the president elect, on his way to Washington. General Collins' speech, on this occasion, was so full of pathos as to bring tears to the old warriorls eyes, and captivate the hearts of all who heard it. The last appearance of General Collins in public life was in the court house at Batavia, Ohio. His son, Charles H. Collins, now a leading lawyer of Hillsborough, had just been admitted to the bar, and had undertaken the defence of an old farmer who had got involved in a suit for slander. The old farmer insisted on the general's helping the boy out, to which the father consented, although he was then in very feeble health. This occurred but a few months before his death; and the fact becoming known that he was to address the jury at a specified time, filled the court house with an eager and expectant crowd. The effect 394D - HISTORY OF ROSS ANT) HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO. of the address is described as being in the highest degree impressive; and, although we are left to infer that the "old farmer" was not acquitted, yet we are forced to the conclusion that it was because his case was beyond the reach of eloquence. General Collins died on his Clermont farm, May 12, 1855, in the sixtieth year of his age. His death occasioned profound regret wherever he was known, and called out many expressions of sympathy and %eulogy, in the press throughout Ohio and Kentucky. T. B. Stevenson, speaking in the Maysville Eagle, said: "The example of his father, the venerable and beloved John Collins, upon such a son, could not but produce the most gratifying fruits in the season of ripening; and Richard Colrins died with arl the firmness and 1riumphant joy of spirit, which the christian's hope alone can impart. His last audible words, uttered in full view of immediate death, but in full assurance of a blessed immortality, were among the most sublime that have ever signalized the dying moments of the heroic great: 'This, my daughter, is the greatest day of all my life!si" The daughter, thus addressed, was Julia, the youngest, who afterward married Colonel Samuel P. Owens, clerk of the Mason county circuit court. Mr. Owens died young. His widow now lives in Dayton, Ohio; as does also Miss Sarah Collins, who is the most gifted intellect of the family, and who has never married. Mrs. Gallagher, the eldest daughter resides in Cincinnati, and is now a widow—her husband, T. J. Gallagher, having died in 1876, after a long and remarkably successful career as a lawyer. Various bar meetings were held to take action on the death of General Collins, both in Ohio and Kentucky. The one held at Batavia, and presided over by Judge 0. T. Fishback, passed a series of eloquent and appropriate resolutions, which we should gladly insert here if space permitted. General Collins was buried in the cemetery near the farm, the attendance from all the surrounding country being very large. His grave is marked by a plain marble shaft, on which is inscribed his name, the dates of his birth and death, followed by this epitaph, which is almost Virgilian in its brevity and simplicity: "As a lawyer and a legislator he achieved and retained distinction in Ohio and Kentucky." The next year his brother, Seamer Blackman Collins, who had long lived with him as a business assistant, was carried to his long home and interred near Richard. Seamer died in May, 1856, aged fifty-four. He also was a man of high character and attainments. Of the other brothers of Richard, David, who was the eldest, was an early resident of Chillicothe, filled many positions of trust, and was the owner of numerous mills, factories, lands and houses in Ross county. He was twice married; became involved in speculations in his old age, and was unfortunate. After becoming a widower a second time he made his home with his brother Richard, until the death of the latter, when he removed to western Missouri. During the civil war he returned to Ohio, and died in 1862. He was well known, and very popular in Ross county. The other brothers died young. Of the sisters of whom the compiler has any knowledge, Alice (now deceased) married Nathaniel Massie, son of the old Indian fighter, pioneer and sin veyor, who survives her, hale and hearty—one of the finest specimens of green old age in Ohio. He now lives in Hillsborough, with his son-in-law, Captain E. M. DeBruin, who married Belinda, Mr. Massie's daughter. The life of Nathaniel Massie, like that of his father, when written, would make a book of great interest. His has been a life of busy activity spent in the woods and hills of southern Ohio; and there is hardly a survey, or marked line in Virginia military district with which he is not familiar. He is a pleasant companion and very popular. Mr. Massie's family are principally in the west, and are numerous. Electra S. Collins, another sister, married first Dr. Braydon, and afterward Colonel William S. Thomas. She is the only surviving child of Rev. John Collins, and now resides in Dayton. She is a christian lady in the highest sense of the term, and her whole life has been one long series of good deeds unselfishly performed. Her sole daughter, Lizzie, married John G. Doren, of the Dayton Democrat, formerly of the Hillsborough Gazette. Elizabeth Collins, the third sister, married D. K. Stockton, of Fleming county, Kentucky. Both are now dead. Mr. Stockton was a member of the Kentucky legislature, and afterward judge of the supreme court in Iowa. The mother of General Richard Collins was Sarah Blackman. She was born in Gloucester county, New Jersey, in 1776, and died in Ohio, in 1863. She was married to the Rev. John Collins in 1793, when but seventeen years old. She was the daughter of David and Mary Blackman. An interesting sketch of her life has been written by the Rev. John F. Wright, of the Methodist Episcopal church. The title of general, by which Richard Collin was commonly distinguished, was conferred by a regular commission, issued by the governor of Ohio in 1828, making him a major-general of the State militia. On general muster days he was accustomed to appear in uniform; and this was his only service in the field; for, in his days, the gates of the temple of Janus were closed. ROBERT ALEXANDER LINN was born October 8, 1810, in Buckingham county, Virginia. His father, Samuel Linn, came from the north of Ireland in 1796, and settled, first, in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania; removing from there to Virginia, about the year 1803. His ancestors on both sides were originally from Scotland, and of the Protestant faith, as far back as can be traced. His grandfather, Robert, died in Ireland, a few years before the family emigrated, leaving a wife and five children—three sons and two daughters. Samuel, the oldest, was about twenty-one at the time of their emigration. He had resolved to come to America; and his mother, who would have preferred to remain, was; nevertheless, unwilling that he should leave her and make the long journey alone. She, therefore, decided to accompany him. All the younger children, of course, followed the mother. But Robert, the second son, a lad of about eighteen, after much indecision, which was heightened, if not caused, by friendly but opposing solicitations, finally concluded to remain with relatives in the old country. But while taking a tearful leave of the family, just as the boat was pushing off, he seized the hand of his elder brother, Samuel, to give it a parting- clasp, when the latter clung to it so tenaciously that Robert was dragged, perforce, into the boat; and, before he could recover from his bewilderment, they were too far from shore to permit of a return; and so all the family came over together. During the voyage their ship was stopped by a man-of-war, and boarded by a press-gang, that forcibly seized a large number of the young men, whom they claimed as liable to duty in the British army. Our hero, Samuel, who happened, luckily, to be afflicted with boils at that time, was "rejected," as not being of sound health. Robert, who had no such love for British soil as to make him desirous of returning for its compulsory defence, avoided that high destiny by ignobly hiding himself in a trunk. Some escaped on the plea (for the truth of which we would not dare to vouch) that they were married—some of the young women appearing as "better-halves," to substantiate the plea. But one poor fellow, who had really been married but a short time before leaving, and who was taking a bona _fide bride to America, was forcibly carried off, because the astute recruiting officer claimed to have discovered that he was "shamming." The unhappy bride, thus suddenly bereft of her protector, remained with our friends until the measures, set on foot by Samuel, himself, were crowned with success, and this ruthlessly sundered pai1 were happily reunited under a flag that has always found plenty of defenders, without impressing them in mid- ocean. The remaining children that came over with Samuel, Robert, and their mother, were Hugh, Jane, and Nancy. They are now all dead— Samuel, the eldest, dying the last—his death occurring in September, 1860. Samuel was married to Catharine Slaymaker November 8, 1803. Her father, Captain John Slaymaker, when a very young man, was in Braddock's army at the time of his celebrated defeat. He was driving a team when the order came for precipitate retreat. Cutting his horses loose, he mounted one of them, and, as he was about plunging inlo a stream, a Brittish officer jumped on behind, to cross over with him. While they were crossing the stream, a ball passed between the two riders, and several others passed whizzing by their heads. On reaching the opposite bank, the lad compelled the officer to dismount, as be was satisfied that his uniform served as a target for the French bullets. John Slaymaker was afterward a captain in the Revolutionary war. What number of children were born to Samuel and Catharine Linn, we are not informed. We only know that Robert A., as stated above, was born in 1810. Just when he came to Ohio, we have also neglected to inform ourselves. His marriage to Lizzie Evans (as we have noliced in our sketch of the Evans family) occurred in 1857. They have six children—two boys and four girls—all living. Their names are as follows: Samuel D., William D., Kittie, Maggie, Lucy, and Minnie. They are all at home, except William, who is married and living in Iowa. Mr. Linn purchased one hundred and ninety-three acres of the Richard Evans farm (north of the old homstead) in 1866, and built on it a fine brick house, just east of Clear creek, in 1878, of which a view may be found on another page. The farm is devoted to grain and 394 E -HISTORY OF ROSS AND HIGHLAND COUNTIES, OHIO pasturage. Mr. Linn raises a good many sheep, of the Cotswold variety. Cattle and hogs are also raised for market. Mr. Linn has another farm of three hundred and sixty acres, half a mile further south, on the creek, a part of which belonged to the Evans eslate, and a part to the O'Harra tract. He has about fifty acres of woodland on the home farm, and seventy-five on the farm below. Mr. and Mrs. Linn and three of their childreen are members of the Presbyterian church, in Hillsborough. M. R. ORR came to Hillsborough in 1843, from Mifflin county, Pennsylvania. He was employed as clerk in various stores in town for several years, winning the confidence of his employers as a young man of excellent business habits. In 1856 he established himself in business on his own account, dealing exclusively in millinery and fancy goods-his energetic wife, Mrs. E. M. Orr, beiUg associated with him-a "helpmeet for him" in business as well as in domestic life. They were married in 1845, and have had four children, none of whom are now living. Mr. Orr's first location was on High street, in the 1oom now occupied as a bakery by Mr. Rogers. Here he continued till the commencement of the war, when he retired and remained out of business until 1869. He then opened another establishment in the same line, in Mr. Barry's building, on High street. There he remained three or fou1 years, when he located himself in his present elegant quarters, in the masonic temple. Fie carries an extensive and attractive stock--sometimes amounting to as much as ten thousand dollars. He employs from five to ten female clerks and assistants-two or three in the salesroom, and the rest working in the millinery department. It is seldom that so fine an establishment in this line of trade, is met with outside of the larger cities. Mr. Orr has a fine residence on Walnut street, of which a pleasant view may be found on another page. THE BUNTAIN FAMILY. John A. Buntain, sr., the progenitor of the Buntain family in Highland county, was of Irish stock, but a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia, a stone-mason, bricklayer, and farmer, who emigrated to Ohio in 1817, and settled on the place near to and south of the present residence of his grandson, John A. Buntain, jr., in Liberty township, which is illustrated in this volume. His family, at the time of removal, consisted of himself and wife, and six young children-Daniel R. (the eldest, a child of five), Alexander, John, Jacob, William and James. Daniel was born on Independence Day, 1811, and, in due time (February 2, 1837), was married to Miss Sarah C. Wright, of Penn township, whose father was an emigrant from Kentucky into Highland county. She was born March 13, 1819, and died August 22, 1869. Daniel followed the several vocations of his father, settled after marriage upon the land of his father-in-law, accumulated a handsome property, and died September 6, 1865. His children were: William, born July 8,1838, died February 6, 1855; Margaret L., born May 18, 1840, and deceased at the age of eighteen; and John Alexander, born November 15, 1843. The latter, the principal subject of this sketch, is a native of Penn township, but early removed with his father to Liberty; was educated in the sub-district schools at Samantha and near the new home; remained with his father and mother until both were dead, and then took the home place, a valuable property, as sole heir. The residence, which is represented in our illustration, was erected by his father, but has been considerably improved by the son. He was married November 26, 1871, to Miss Nancy A. Leaverton, sixth daughter of Thomas and Lydia H. Leaverton, of Penn township.. Her paternal grandfather, John F. Leaverton, was an immigrant to Highland, at an early day, from North Carolina. Their children are: Frank Leslie, born April 6, 1872, died August 8, 1872; William Clarence, born September 1, 1873, died July 26, 1874; John Bertram; and Thomas Stanley. Mr. Buntain is a Republican in politics, and every way a substantial, reputable citizen. THE PATTERSON FAMILY. James Patterson was the ancestor in this country of the family of which this article treats. He was born in the north of Ireland, in 1708, emigrated at the age of twenty to Lancaster (then part of Chester) county, Pennsylvania, and died there in 1792. His son, William, horn March 4, 1733, died June 29, 1818, was father of Captain Moses Patterson (born October 16, 1760, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania), was one of the first settlers of Lexington, Kentucky, and commander of a company of volunteer cavalry in the war of 1812. He removed to the vicinity of New Market, Highland county, then the county seat, in the fall of 1805, removing thence, about two years after, to another old place, two miles south of Hillsborough, where his descendants now reside. Here he engaged in farming, and also in milling, beginning with a small "tub-mill" for grinding grain, which was built by James Smith some years before, on Rocky fork, a few rods below the point where the New Market turnpike now crosses the stream. He was very successful in business, and is noted in the annals of Highland county as a man of great energy of character, shrewdness, and integrity. At the county election, October 13, 1807, he was chosen one of the commissioners of the county, and was made clerk of the board at its first session. His death, Decembe1 29, 1847, was much regretted by his fellow- citizens. Among his children was Thomas Patterson, born in Lexington, Kentucky, March 19, 1799, coming with his fathe1 to Highland county, and dying there August 18, 1853. He inherited many of the best qualities of his father, and figured much in public life. At the legislative session of 1829-30, he was appointed one of the associate judges of the Highland county court of common pleas, and served seven years in that office. He was a member of the State legislature during three terms, serving in both branches of that body. He was also a member of the second Ohio constitutional convention, which met in 1851, and achieved much locate popularity and repute as a legislator of, and for, the people. As a business man he not only acquired and maintained a large agricultural estate, but built and ran large flouring, woollen, and oil mills, which are still standing, though disused for many years. June 5, 1823, he married Miss Susan Patton (born October 6, 1805), daughter of John and Margaret Patton, formerly of Bourbon county, Kentucky. Their children were: John Archimedes, born in 1825; Moses Jasper, born January 23, 1829, settled in Adams county, became a captain in the Twenty-fourth Ohio volunteer infantry in the late war, and died in service; Cyrus, born April 12, 1830; and Narcissa Isabel, born January 8, 1841, married Wilson H. Morrow February 22, 1865. John A., the eldest of the sons, and the chief subject of tilts notice, was born upon the place where he now resides, December 25, 1825 ; was educated in the sub-district schools and at the old Hillsborough academy ; entered the mills of his father as soon as he was old enough to be of service as an errand-boy, and in such other capacities as he was fitted for ; and continued to assist his father in the various lines of business prosecuted by him, until, at the age of twenty-four, he took charge of the flouring-mill, and, upon the death of his father, took possession of the home estate and its entire business, buying out the interests of his brothers and sister therein. He maintained the flouring- mill in full activity until 1863, when it was dismantled and the machinery sold. The woollen-mill was run about two years longer, when it also was closed, the proprietor preferring to devote his energies solely to the more profitable business of farming and stock raising. In 1857 he was elected county auditor, upon the Democratic ticket, and served one term. He was also a candidate for the lower house in he State legislature, at the election of 1879. Although a lifelong Democrat, he was, in the spring of the next year, complimented by a political opponent, Governor Foster, with a nomination as one of the trustees of the State deaf and dumb institution, but declined the proffered honor. He is by no means a professional office seeker, and every distinction he has received in politics or official life has come to him unsought. The centennial year he celebrated by pulling down the ancient dwelling upon his estate--a composite structure of log, frame and brick architecture, the only one in which his father ever lived after his marriage-and erecting on the site an elegant and spacious brick structure, which is adequately and handsomely represented in an illustration herewith presented, and has an interior and furnishing fully corresponding to its exterior. Here Mr. Patterson resides at ease, successfully conducting his large affairs, and enjoying the respect and confidence of his friends and fellow-citizens. He has never married, but his mother, at the venerable age of seventy-four, in hale and happy health, continues to reside with him.