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11 - PICTURE OF JACOB FRICK FRICK, JACOB, one of the best known and most enterprising business men of Wooster, Ohio, was born on his father's farm, four miles southeast of West Newton, South Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland Co., Penn., September 17, 1834. Daniel Frick, his father, married Catherine Miller, to whom were born six sons and three daughters, of whom the subject of this sketch was next to the youngest. He descends from the sturdy German stock. His forefathers belonged to the early nobility of Switzerland. The ancestors from whom he sprung came to this country in the early part of the seventeenth century. He was reared on his father's farm, and assisted at times in blacksmithing, which trade his father plied when not engaged in farm duties. Here he remained until he was eighteen years of age, when he began to strike out for himself, working one year and a half on another farm, and six months in a flouring-mill, receiving for his services $210 for the two years, and saving out of this small earning the large sum of $175 after keeping himself in clothes, etc. The economy he practiced during this time proved to be later on a very good lesson. He received just what education could be had from attending a district school in a log school-house five or six months in a year. He had a fondness for figures, and soon became remarkable for his arithmetical computations. This one talent has been of great benefit to him in business. In 1855 he came with his father to 12 - WAYNE COUNTY. Hancock County, Ohio. He was married in November, 1856, to Mrs. Elizabeth Frick, widow of a cousin, and daughter of Jacob Shelly, of Wayne County, Ohio.. There. were born to them five daughters and two sons. In 1859 he moved to Wayne County, and has since been identified with its interests and progress. He engaged 1n the grain, seed and wool business in 1862, which business he pushed with his characteristic energy up to 1882, about twenty years, doing a business of from $200,000 to $400,000 a year. These operations were a success financially, chiefly because he was able at all times to sell large quantities of produce to Eastern parties at full market value, by always being prompt in shipping and delivering everything just as contracted, at the same time benefiting the farmer from whom he made his purchases. The margin in trade was small, but it was the volume of the business which made it profitable. The banking business, in which he engaged in 1880, was. now taking so much of his time that he deemed it necessary to be relieved in a measure, and therefore took W. D. Tyler as partner in the grain business, which has since been run in the name of Jacob Frick & Co. From 1874 to 1887 he was an equal partner with J. S. R. Overholt in the City Mills. Soon after the death of E. Quinby, Jr., in the spring of 1880, he with several others purchased the Wayne County National Bank, of Wooster, of which institution he was made president, which position he Under his management the bank has increased its capital stock $55,000, and it still possesses the entire confidence and trust of the community. Among other interests, he owns in Wooster 120 feet fronting on the north side of West Liberty Street, adjoining the court-house. Part of this ground is covered by an elegant stone and brick structure, fronting sixty feet, which he erected in 1886. The rest of the square contains a fine brick and iron building. These together form the finest business blocks in the city of W00ster. He also owns a large warehouse on South Street, a business room on East Liberty Street, his residence on North Market Street, a number of other improved lots in the city, and twenty-five acres of valuable land within the corporate limits, besides several farms in Wayne County and lands in Western States. With his numerous branches of business he still finds time to devote to buying, selling and improving real estate. He was the owner of the Buckeye Mills, of Canton, Ohio, for three years, is the owner of a grain elevator in Ashland, Ohio, and is one of two equal partners in its operations. Nature has endowed him with a large WAYNE COUNTY - 13 share of caution, which has proved of great value to him in his various transactions. It has ever been his aim to deal fairly with his fellow-men. He has thus been able to enjoy a very large share of patronage in his several departments of business. In his religious views he is very liberal, but feeling that a better work can be done for the Master by being identified with a religious denomination, he united with the English Lutheran Church of Wooster in 1869. He has contributed largely to its prosperity by giving much of his time and means. When the church edifice and a fine chapel were building, he it was who bore a great part of the burden, financially. He is ever ready to respond liberally when solicited to help in every good cause. Many churches as well as institutions of learning have reason to be thankful for his liberality. In November of 1885 he was called to mourn the loss of his dearest friend in the death of his wife, who was his constant companion and helper during all these busy years. He married, again, in May of 1887, Miss Sara E. Rutter, of Massillon, a teacher in the public schools of that city. They were united in marriage at Massillon, by Dr. Bailey, a Presbyterian divine, assisted by Rev. G. M. Heindel, of the English Lutheran Church of Wooster. This second union has been blessed with one daughter. In his domestic relations he is supremely happy, and his home is all that love and wealth and culture and refinement can possibly make it. JOHN WHITMAN is a son of Christian and Mary (Manning) Whitman, and was born May 5,1843, in Chippewa Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. George Whitman, the grandfather of John Whitman, and a native of Pennsylvania, came to Wayne County in 1827, and settled in Chippewa Township, and here he passed the rest of his life. Christian Whitman, the father, was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Wayne County with his parents ; then, after his marriage with Mary Manning, located on a farm adjoining his father, and remained there until 1886, when he retired from the pursuits of the farm, and now lives at Doylestown, Chippewa Township. He reared nine children (eight of whom are now living), viz.: George, in Doylestown, Ohio ; John, our subject; Catherine, wife of Henry Gardner, in Chippewa Township; Mary C., deceased; William, in Chippewa Township; Franklin, in Doylestown, Ohio; Levi, in Chippewa Township; Elizabeth, wife of John Deible, 14 - WAYNE COUNTY. in Chippewa Township, and Benjamin, on the homestead. The subject of this sketch attended the township schools, has followed the occupation of a farmer, and has always lived in Wayne County, with the exception of two years spent in Missouri. In 1882 he purchased his present farm of 160 acres in Milton Township. In 1863 Mr. Whitman married Miss Catherine, daughter of Joseph Eberhart, of Milton Township, Wayne County, and by this union there are seven children, as follows: Joseph, Mary C., Sarah, Angeline, Clara, Charles and Alfred. Mr. Whitman has always been an active Democrat, and has served as school director, supervisor, etc. In 1883 he was elected justice of the peace, which office he now fills. He and his family are members of the Catholic Church of Doylestown. ELI ZARING, the present efficient and well-known clerk of common pleas of Wayne County, and one who by his own unaided efforts and unabating pluck has gradually but surely risen in the ranks of men, was born in Plain Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, January 16, 1836.. In 1832 his parents, Peter and Matilda Zaring, came to Wayne County (being then unmarried), and have here since made their home and reared their family. Eli, whose name heads this sketch, first saw the light of day upon a farm. His early life was not the idle, careless one enjoyed by most of the youths of this day, but, being the son of a poor shoemaker, who had a large family to support, he was early put to the treadmill of toil to earn his own sustenance, and soon had mastered the intricacies of his father's trade, at which he labored for years. He made, however, a diligent use of his educational opportunities, and at eighteen he was enabled to teach school, in which employment he spent four winters, thus accumulating sufficient money to enable him to attend for a time the academy at Hayesville, Ohio. August 20, 1857, Mr. Zaring was united in marriage with Miss Mary Stevie, a native of Pennsylvania, but who was brought when a child to Wayne County. To this union six children have been born, as follows: Ida F. (deceased) ; James (principal of the Smithville public schools) ; Charles, Cora, Dora (a recent graduate of Wooster High School) and Daniel, at home. Mr. Zaring has represented the Democratic party in various offices, having been for two terms township clerk in a Republican township; was at one time assessor, and assisted in appraising the land in Chester Township, Wayne County. In WAYNE COUNTY - 15 the fall of 1886 he was elected clerk of the courts of Wayne County, which position he is now satisfactorily filling. Previous to his coming into the county clerk - ship, Mr. Zaring for two and a half years acted as clerk and book-keeper in the office of the Wayne County Democrat. His life has been an earnest one, and an unremitting fight against bitter and adverse circumstances, but his progress has been gradually upward, and he is to-day a man of whom all speak highly, toward which Peter Franks has voluntarily offered to make a very liberal gift., Jacob, son of Michael and grandfather of Peter, married Barbara Brandenberg, and lived and died in Pennsylvania. Their children were George, Jacob, Elizabeth, Catherine, Michael, Conrad and Sarah, all now deceased. Jacob, father of the subject of this memoir, was born in Pennsylvania, and married Sarah Livingood, of Fayette County, Penn., where they lived and died. Their children were Elizabeth, Christina, Jonathan, Sarah, Peter, Reason, Catherine, Solomon and Nancy, all now 'deceased except Peter. Several of the family lived to extreme old age, one dying , when ninety-six years old, another when past ninety-two, and Peter is now ninety-two. Peter married Julia Ann Fletcher, of Fayette County, Penn., in 1819, and located on the farm he now owns, in Salt Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1820, in which year he took up the land from the Government and paid the first tax. (He came there, however, in 1816.) Their children were William (deceased), Sarah (deceased), Naomi, Jacob, Manoah, Thomas F., Samantha, Solomon and Lemuel (deceased). Mr. Franks came here when the country was in a wilderness, took up 170 1/2 acres of land, and assisted at the raising of a barn in 1816, he being the only one now living who was present at that time. He PETER FRANKS, son of Jacob Franks, was born in Fayette County, Penn., May 21, 1797. His great-grandfather, Michael Franks, emigrated from Eilsen, Germany, with his wife and four children, Jacob, Michael, Catherine and Henry (the last of whom died on the voyage), and settled in Fayette County, Penn., after a brief residence in Baltimore, Md. They are all now deceased. Michael Franks, with other trustees, took up a tract of 145 acres of land, which they presented to the church of which he was a member, and it is still owned and used for church purposes.The trustees were Everly, Ballinger, Mason, and Michael Franks, to whom it is proposed to erect a monument, and 16 - WAYNE COUNTY. has been trustee of his township, assessor for a period of eight years, and has the respect and confidence of the community where he, resides. Mrs. Franks died May 7, 1871. She was a member of the Methodist Church. Politically Mr. Franks is a Democrat.   GUSTAVUS C. FRITZ, son of William and Louisa (Grave) Fritz, natives of Prussia, was born March 8, 1855, at Millersburg, Holmes Co., Ohio. His parents immigrated to America in 1854, arriving December 22, and first located in Millersburg, Ohio. William Fritz was a surgeon by profession, which he followed throughout life. After spending about one year at Millersburg, the family removed to Zanesville, Ohio, and afterward to Dresden, where they remained until 1861, in which year they came to Wayne County, locating at Moorland, where the father died in 1865. The mother is now living with her son, Gustavus C. Their family consisted of five children, as follows: Louisa, wife of Thomas Finlay, of Stark County, Ohio; Gustavus C., William and Lewis, at home, and Adolph, in Moorland, Ohio, who married Martha, daughter of .Michael and Julia Franks, of Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, and has two children, Amanda and Charles. The subject of this memoir received his education at the township schools and the Smithville Academy, and early engaged in teaching, a profession he has since followed, having taught at Nonpariel, Moorland and several of the township schools. Mr. Fritz, like his father, is a strong supporter of the Democratic party. In 1880 he was elected clerk of Franklin Township, Wayne County, and has since held that office. He is a member of Garfield Lodge, No. 528, F. & A. M., of Shreve, Ohio. At the present writing (1889) Mr. Fritz is unmarried, and remains at the old home with his mother and brother. JAMES F. CRISWELL, son of James and Elizabeth Criswell, was born on the farm he now owns, in Salt Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, January 3, 1825. His paternal grandfather was a resident of Mifflin County, Penn., where he married and died, leaving a family of four children: John, Robert, Sarah and James. His grandfather, Robert Forgey, came from Ireland, settled in Mifflin County, Penn., married and reared a family consisting of James, Robert, John, Mary, William, David, Jane and Elizabeth, all now WAYNE COUNTY - 17 deceased but Robert and Mary, the former being a resident of Mifflin County, Penn., and the latter of Monmouth, Ill. James, father of James F., was born in Pennsylvania, where he married ; removed to Ohio in 1824, settled on the place now owned by his son, James F., where he engaged in farming, and where both he and his wife passed away. He was officially identified with his township as trustee; was treasurer for many years, and was recognized as one of its progressive citizens. His children were Isabel, Jane, Elizabeth, William, James F., Maria, Robert, Margaret, Martha and Ann. Of these, Jane was the late Mrs. Austin Brothers, of Wayne County, Ohio; Elizabeth was the late Mrs. Elijah Tracy, of Illinois; Isabel was the late Mrs. Isaac Johnson, of Wayne County, Ohio; William is married, and a resident of Holmes County, Ohio; Maria was the late Mrs. William Harrison, of Franklin Township, Wayne County; Robert is married, and is a resident of Lake County, Ohio; Margaret married Steven Haly, and removed to Fulton County, Ohio, where she died; Martha married Alfred Calhoun, and is now a resident of Holmes County, Ohio; Ann married Spence Fouty, and is now a resident of Fulton County, Ohio; James F. was married August 29, 1850, to Elizabeth Scott, who was born May 1, 1832, a daughter of James Scott, of Franklin Township, Wayne County, and settled on the farm he now owns in Salt Creek Township. To them were born six children: Emma, Martin, Ellsworth, Flora, Lennie and Edwin. Of these, Emma married David Snyder, and is a resident of Holmes County; Martin married Nettie Fluhart, and is a resident of Salt Creek Township, Wayne County; the others are still with their parents. James F. Criswell is one of the extensive land-owners of Wayne County, having 411 acres in a body, including the old homestead, and also 106 acres in Holmes County. He has been officially identified with the township in various ways, and is a member of the Democratic party. Both he and his wife are members of the Congregational Church. ISAAC A. MUNSON, son of Henry and Mary (Cutter) Munson, was born September 19, 1823, in Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. Isaac Munson, the grandfather of Isaac A., was born in Connecticut, and located in New York State. In 1815 he and his son, Henry, moved to Wayne County, Ohio, and first located in the southern part thereof, or what is now Holmes County. After remaining there a short time he 18 - WAYNE COUNTY. purchased the farm which is now owned by his grandson, Henry, where he lived until his death, in 1830. He was a Revolutionary soldier, and an active Democrat in politics. His son, Henry, the father of Isaac A., was born in Connecticut in 1797, and came to Wayne County, Ohio, with his father, in 1815. He was reared a farmer, and always remained on the homestead, except about five years' residence in Shreve. He took quite an active .part in the affairs of his township. He died in 1868; his widow in 1871. Henry and Mary Munson reared seven children, three of whom are still living, viz.: Samuel, in Medina County, Ohio, and Isaac A. and Henry, on the old homestead, in Franklin Township. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools of his township, and has always been engaged in farming. He was married, in 1848, to Miss Eliza Ann Lowe, daughter of Jacob Lowe, a native of New Jersey, and a settler in Holmes County, Ohio. She died in 1853, leaving two children, one of whom is now deceased. The other, Mary E., is the wife of Samuel Gissenger, of Holmes County, and by him has three children: Iva, Harry and Emma. Our subject married for his second wife, in 1856, Miss Susanna Thomas, daughter of Lewis Thomas, of Wooster, Ohio, and by this union there is, one child, Charles, who lives at home. Mr. Munson moved to his present farm, in Franklin Township, in 1848, and has made it one of the best improved in the township. Politically, he is a Democrat. JOHN E. STONE was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, December 1, 1835, and is a son of William and Ann (Elliott) Stone, natives of that county. They both died when John E. was quite young, and consequently the latter obtained but a limited education, being thrown upon his own resources to gain a livelihood. He worked at the carpenter's trade for several years, and then turned his attention to farming, which occupation he has since followed, having purchased his present farm in Milton Township, Wayne County, in 1868. In 1860 Mr. Stone married Miss Mary, daughter of Isaac Sellers, of Jefferson County, Ohio, and she died December 4, 1871, leaving four children: Alfred P., in Minneapolis, Minn. ; Everett, a farmer of Milton. Township, Wayne County, married to Flora, daughter of Jacob Amstutz; Edgar E., a law student at Ann Arbor, Mich., and Jessie V., at home. January 1, 1874, Mr. Stone married Sarah J., daughter of Joseph Robb, of Lafayette Township, Medina Co., Ohio. By this union there WAYNE COUNTY - 19 are no children. In 1864 Mr. Stone enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served 100 days. He was also a member of the Home Guards for several years. He has served the township well as school director for many years, and has been president of the board, and has also been township trustee. In 1887 he was elected to his present position of justice of the peace. He is an elder in the Creston Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a Democrat, with Prohibition proclivities. H. P. GRAVATT, of the firm of H. P. Gravatt & Co., editors and publishers of the Wayne County Democrat, was born in Lexington, Highland Co., Ohio, in the year 1842. His father, Peter R. Gravatt, a teacher by profession, was a native of New Jersey, and died at Dayton, Ohio, in 1849. In July, 1853, H. P. Gravatt became an apprentice in a printing office at Dayton, Ohio, and he has ever since followed in the footsteps of Guttenberg. His education has been the practical one that contact with the business men of the world and close application to his chosen work have given him. In 1870 Mr. Gravatt was united in marriage with Miss Nellie C. Moore, born in. Zanesville, Ohio, and a daughter of Cornelius Moore, who for many years was publisher of the Masonic Review of Cincinnati. To this union eight children have been born, four of whom have passed to the silent majority. From 1872 to 1881 Mr. Gravatt filled the position of editorial manager of the Odd Fellows' Companion, published at Columbus, Ohio, it being then an eighty-page monthly. In 1880, at the May session of the Grand Lodge, he was installed grand master of Odd Fellows, and presided at the session at Youngstown in 1881. In 1875 he was appointed historiographer, and wrote the history of the first ten years of Odd Fellowship in Ohio, which was published in the proceedings of 1878. In 1873 he wrote the first Knights of Pythias manual ever published, and from 1872 to 1881, while in this work, he resided at Columbus. In 1869 he became a member, of the I. O. O. F., and for four years was their representative at the Grand Lodge, and also historiographer and grand master; also is a member of Blue Lodge Masons and of the Knights of Pythias. In July, 1881, Mr. Gravatt purchased of Mr. E. B. Eshelman his half interest in the Wayne County Democrat, Mr. Eshelman withdrawing, but in 1886 returning to the partnership by pur- 20 - WAYNE COUNTY. chasing the fourth interest belonging to the late Dr. L. Firestone. ABRAHAM LANCE is a son of John and Sarah (Johnson) Lance, natives of Jefferson County, Ohio, who came to Wayne County in 1820, and purchased a farm in Milton Township, where they resided until their deaths. The grandfather of Abraham, Christopher Lance, was a native of Germany, who came to this country prior to the Revolutionary War, and participated in that memorable struggle. John Lance was a prominent man in his day, and was a supporter of the old Democratic principles. He was an honored member of the Pres_ byterian Church. He died in 1852, and his widow survived him about twenty years. They had a family of eleven children, Abraham, the subject of this sketch, and John, of Medina County, Ohio, being the only ones now living. Abraham Lance, whose name heads this notice, was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, August 25, 1813. His education was obtained in the old-fashioned log school-houses, which he was privileged to attend only when his services were not required on the farm. He has spent his life at farming, and in 1838 bought the farm in Milton Township where he now lives, which contains 166 acres of well- improved land. That same year he married Miss Sarah Lance, daughter of James Lance. She died in 1886. To them were born seven children, four of whom are living: Peter, of Medina County, married Adeline Hollowell, and has five children—Azilpha Ann, Mary L., Cora L., Andrew J. and Charles P. ; James A., of Milton Township, married Lydia E. Hollowell, and has ten children —Mary E., Martha A., James H., Henry H., Rosa A., Franklin P., Ethel R., Elvie C., Lydia L. and Weston ; Sarah, wife of Edward Shook, of Medina County, has seven children—Henry A., Franklin W., Arthur L., William E., Rosa C., Pearl and Rebecca; and Elizabeth J., wife of Edgar Steele, of Milton Township, has five children—Wilson, Arthur, Mary, William and Floyd. Mr. Lance married again in 1888, his present wife being formerly Mrs. Elizabeth J. Moore. He is a Democrat in his political views, and in religion is a prominent member of the Presbyterian Church. JAMES M. PALMER, M. D., was born in Akron, Ohio, June 5, 1839 son of Samuel and Elisabeth (English) Palmer. The subject of this memoir was reared in Akron, Ohio, in WAYNE COUNTY - 21 which place he received his early education in the public schools until 1853, when he moved with his parents to Kent, Ohio, where he attended the Franklin Seminary, pursuing the study of Latin and the higher mathematics. In 1857 he graduated from Folsom's Commercial College- of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1859 he came to Dalton, Wayne Co., Ohio, and took charge of the union schools, a position he held for four years, until he resigned in the latter part of 1863, when he moved to the city of Cleveland, Ohio, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits for a year. In 1864 he was appointed superintendent of the Orville, Ohio, public schools, in which capacity he served four years. During this time he read medicine with the late Dr. A. C. Miller, and attended his first course of lectures in the medical department of Wooster University, at Cleveland, Ohio, in 186667. He then entered the medical department of the University of the City of New York, from which he graduated in 1869, and immediately located at Dalton, Ohio, where he has since successfully practiced his profession. Dr. Palmer has served for three consecutive terms (nine years) on the Dalton Board of Education. In 1861 he was united in marriage with Mary Elisabeth, daughter of John and Priscilla Wertz, of Dalton, Wayne County, and to this union have been born five children, all of whom are dead except Blanche, a beautiful and accomplished young lady, for two years in attendance at the high school of Steubenville and Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduating from the Dalton High School in the class of 1889. The Doctor and his family are members of the Dalton United Presbyterian Church. He has been a member of the Ebenezer Lodge No. 33, F. & A. M., of Wooster, for more than twenty- five years, and has always been an ardent supporter of the Republican party. WILLIAM SCOTT, a son of James and Susan Scott, was born in Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1837. His grandfather, Matthew Scott, a native of Ireland, came to America with his parents when he was a child of twelve years. The family located in Lancaster County, Penn., where they remained some time, and where Matthew married. He then removed to Columbiana County, Ohio, where his wife died, leaving him with a young family of five children: William, Robert, James, Elizabeth and Mary, Robert, who is now eighty-six years old, being the only survivor. He afterward came to Salt Creek Township, Wayne County, where he mar- 22 - WAYNE COUNTY. Lusinda Bevington, and by her had nine children, viz. : Reason, Nancy, Matthew (deceased), Thomas, Henry, John (deceased), Seth, Catherine and Wesley (deceased). James Scott was born in Pennsylvania in 1807, came with his parents to Ohio, where he was educated, and married Susan Bechtle. He then located on the old homestead, but removed to Franklin, Township, where he remained until 1868, in which year he came to Wooster, where he died; his widow has her home now with her son Robert; in Franklin Township. Their children were Robert, Elizabeth, Charlotte, William, David (deceased), James Martin. Of these, Robert is in Franklin Township, Wayne County ; Elizabeth is Mrs. James F. Criswell, of Salt Creek Township, Wayne County; Charlotte is now the widow of William McCormick, of Fredricksburgh, Wayne County; James Martin is in Franklin Township, Wayne County. William, subject of this biography, was born January 12, 1837, in Franklin Township, on the place now owned by J. M. Scott, and in 1862 married Charity Cutter. They then settled on the old Matthew Scott farm, which William Scott now owns, and here their two children were born, viz. : James C., who is married and lives on the homestead, and Laura Etta, now the wife of Adolph Gabriel, of Salt Creek Township, Wayne County. Mrs. Scott died March 29, 1869, and in 1872 Mr. Scott married Mary L. Burbridge, and they remained on the old farm until 1888, when he purchased the farm formerly owned by P. Appleman, and which our subject still occupies. Mr. Scott has by his second wife four children: Burton R., Elmer A., Victor H. and Hershel L., all at home. Mr. and Mrs. Scott are members of the Methodist Church. Politically he is a Democrat. PROF. PHILIP C. PALMER, principal of the Northern Ohio Normal School, at Smithville, Wayne Co., Ohio, was born at Bolivar, Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, November 21, 1851. His father, Jacob Palmer, was a native of Westmoreland County, Penn., born in May, 1828. His mother was Barbara Ann Schue, also a native of Pennsylvania, born in December, 1828. Both were of German ancestry. The father was brought to this State when three years old; was brought up on the farm near Bolivar, Tuscarawas County, lived in that vicinity all of his lifetime, and was always a farmer. He was of a retiring disposition, was a good citizen, and rarely held any public position. He was married in 1849 to Barbara Ann Schue, who had also WAYNE COUNTY - 23 accompanied her parents in their immigration to Ohio. He died in Tuscarawas County March 4, 1885. His widow lives at Bolivar, that county, with her two daughters, Sarah M. and Lucy A. The only other member of the family is Philip C. Philip C. Palmer attended the district school until he was seventeen years of age, when he engaged in teaching. The following spring he attended Mount Union College, in Stark County, Ohio, teaching the ensuing winter. This routine he followed for several years, attending various academies, finishing his education at Mansfield, Ohio, where he graduated in 1881. Shortly after leaving college he organized the Eastern Ohio Normal School, at Sparta, Stark County, Ohio, which he successfully conducted for three years. Not having such facilities as he desired at Sparta, he removed his school to the fine school building erected some years before by the citizens of Smithville, who subscribed to its stock in order to have a first-class institution in their place. Prof. Palmer had the school incorporated in November, 1885, the following being its board of incorporators: President, P. C. Palmer; vice-president, T. A. Krysher ; secretary, E. P. Willa- man; treasurer, H. S. Thomas; trustees, P. S. Greenamyer, M. D., J. W. Buchanan, M. D., John E. Zimmerman, Rev. S. P. Keiffer, H. E. Baker and E. D. Hartman, all residents of Smithville, except Mr. Hartman, who lives in Wooster. Since establishing himself here Prof. Palmer has been successful. He conducts an excellent institution, with a complete corps of teachers, and aims to give his pupils an education that will fit them for the practical duties of life. The school is not connected with any church, society or party, and makes no attempt to further any special interests, relying for success wholly upon the work done by its teachers, who devote their entire time to its interests. Its success is thus assured, as good work must necessarily be the result. This school, prior to passing under the control of Prof. Palmer, had a somewhat checkered career. Its starting point was in a school established by James B. Taylor, now an attorney in Wooster, in October, 1861. He opened the school in the Presbyterian church, familiarly known as the old synagogue. This he carried on until August, 1862, when the fires of patriotism burned out cold calculation, and most of the male pupils, and their principal as well, enlisted in the Union army, abandoning the school, and Mr. Taylor became captain of Company H, Eleventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which most of his boys enlisted. The school was shortly after reopened by Prof. J. B. Eberly, who had been a pupil of Mr. Taylor, and who carried it on in the 24 - WAYNE COUNTY. same place for some time. Meantime the citizens of Smithville, desiring to have a normal school in the town, subscribed .liberally to the stock of a company to build a fine edifice, where a high class school was to be conducted by Prof. Eberly. The present building was the result, and here Mr. Eberly carried on a school until a few months before Prof. Palmer took it in hand. The school was not a financial success, however, and it became involved in debt, and it passed under the control of the Western Reserve Annual Conference of the United Brethren Church, who were to pay is indebtedness. This they failed to do, and the property was sold for its debts and bought by Mr. E. D. Hartman, of Wooster, its present owner. It is expected that under the efficient management of Prof. Palmer the present era of prosperity will be permanent. Prof. Philip C. Palmer was married November 6, 1879, in his native county, to Miss Josie Schidler, born in Stark County, Ohio, August 29, 1858. Her parents were Elias and Sarah Ann (Ebi) Schidler, both now deceased. The former died in 1869, aged thirty-seven, and the latter in 1873, at the age of forty-eight. Prof. Palmer and wife have one child, Ray Emerson, born March 14, 1886. In politics Prof. Palmer, is a member of the Prohibition party, and socially is a mem ber, of the order of the Knights of Maccabees. Since making his home in Smithville Prof Palmer has made many friends, and is deservedly popular. His neighbors who know him best speak in terms of high praise of his character as an honest, trustworthy, Christian gentleman, who has the esteem of every one who knows him.E. E. A. BROWN was born six miles east of the city of Wooster, Ohio, May 7, 1827. His parents, who were of German descent, came to Wayne County in 1814, and settled upon a farm. His father married Jane Boyd, who bore him ten children, of whom five still live, none, save our subject, being now in Wayne County. In June, 1867, the mother was called from earth, the father following her to the grave in 1873. He was a man of considerable influence in his township, for fifteen years holding the position of justice of the peace, and was always a strong Democrat. E. A. Brown spent his boyhood years upon the farm, and had the limited school advantages found in the old log school-house of the neighborhood. He resided upon his father's farm until January 18, 1849, when he was united in marriage with Miss Jane Hunter, daughter of David Hunter, WAYNE COUNTY - 25 who lived on a neighboring farm. By this union eight children were born, as follows: Mrs. Esther Ann Wynn, of Cleveland, Ohio; Mrs. Mary J. Mackey, of Apple Creek; Mrs. Ellen C. Baker, deceased; John H., a clerk in the C. C. C. & I. R. R. freight office, at Cleveland Ohio; David W., in Canton, Ohio; Charles Lee, in Cleveland, Ohio; Laura Bell, who married a Mr. Peppard, and died at Mount Vernon, Ohio; Minnie, youngest daughter, at home. Mr. Brown, after his marriage, became a teacher, and continued in that profession for five winters, laboring on the farm in the summer. In 1856 he was appointed freight and ticket agent at Apple Creek, Wayne Co., Ohio, where he remained for some ten years; then resigned and came to Wooster, Ohio, where he has since made his home. He was appointed court constable and bailiff in Wayne County Common Pleas Court, and for four years had charge of the high school building of Wooster, after which he again served as court constable under Sheriff Coulter, and also under Sheriffs Messmore and Mongey. In the spring of 1888 he received the nomination on the Democratic ticket for county sheriff, and in the fall was elected by 711 majority, the largest majority that was ever given to any sheriff. Mr. Brown is well known and respected. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and Improved Order of Red Men; a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Wooster. SOLOMON H. JOHNSON was born in that part of Richland County (Vermillion Township) which is now Ashland County, Ohio, April 12, 1829, and is a son of John E. and Sarah (Harmon) Johnson, the former a native of New Jersey, the latter of Pennsylvania. Other members of their family are William E. Johnson, in Canaan Township, Wayne County; Thomas Henry, in Medina County; John E., in Clay City, Ind., and Abraham, in Gratiot County, Mich. Our subject was reared on the homestead farm, receiving but a limited education, means being slender. He remained at home until the age of eighteen years, when he worked for two years at carpentering. In 1848 he came to Wayne County, Ohio, and for one year found employment as a carpenter. In 1849 he rented a farm for six years, in Milton Township, and then purchased a farm in Medina County, Ohio, which he carried on for eight years; then purchased a farm at Sterling, and in 1871 he moved to his present place in Milton Township, Wayne County. In addition to farming Mr. Johnson has followed the   26 - WAYNE COUNTY. occupation of an auctioneer for twenty-five years, with an average of fifty-five sales per year. He is popular as an auctioneer in four or five of the surrounding counties. November 20, 1849, Mr. Johnson married Rosana, daughter of John and Sarah Lance, of Milton Township, Wayne County. She died July 12, 1866, leaving eight children: Sarah, wife of Barnhart Bartholomew, of Medina County, Ohio (has three children: Wesley, Irvin and Charles) ; Polly, wife of C. G. Bessey, of Abilene, Dickinson Co., Kas. (has two children: Fay and Ray) ; John 0. (deceased) ; Casper, in Milton Township, married to Emma, daughter of J. H. Ruggles, of Creston, Ohio, who died, and he afterward married Mamie, daughter of H. P. Fasig, of Medina County, Ohio, and they have two children : Nellie and Carl ; Hettie, wife of George Spooner, of Gratiot County, Mich., has one child, an infant; Rosana, Alice Tiola, Solomon J. In 1872 Mr. Johnson married his present wife, Harriet, daughter of John M. and Elizabeth Smith, of Milton Township, Wayne County, and by her has six children, as follows: Thurman, Corwin, Thomas, David, Belle and Frank. Mr. Johnson is an ardent Democrat in politics, and has always taken an active part in the affairs of his township. He has served as constable, supervisor, school director and assessor, and at the present time (1888) he is one of the township trustees. He is a member of Seville Lodge, No. 74, F. & A. NI., and of Seville Council, No. 474, R. A., also of Sterling Lodge, No. 173, K. P. He is a member of the United Brethren Church in Christ at Sterling, Wayne Co., Ohio. MARTIN WELKER, retired district judge of the United States Court, Wooster, Ohio, was born in Knox County, Ohio, April 25, 1819. His father, who was of German descent, was an early settler in Ohio, and having but little means to educate a large family, his son was obliged to rely upon his own resources. His educational advantages in youth were necessarily limited to a few years' schooling during winters in the log cabin school-house of the West. This primeval educational structure, the antiquated and vanished predecessor of the modern university, is well described by the judge himself in the following paragraph taken from his speech delivered at the dedication of the Wooster High School, October, 1870: The scene before me to-day recalls to me days of other years, far back in the history of common schools in our State. I shall never forget the first school in which I entered, and the house in which it was held. On a cold December morning I 27 - PICTURE OF MARTIN WELKER BLANK - 28 WAYNE COUNTY - 29 walked through a heavy snow, three miles, to the school-house, on the banks of Owl Creek, in Knox County. I there found a little log cabin, sixteen feet square, with puncheon floor, clapboard door and roof, and greased paper on the windows. The whale end of the house one wide fire-place, with a chimney, made of clay and sticks, built on the outside, and a blazing log fire in the ample fire-place. The benches or seats were split logs, with the flat side uppermost, with round sticks for legs, on which we sat with our feet dangling above the rude. floor. The master, as the leader was then called, had the only desk, and that was a flat board with four legs, standing in one corner. The writing tables consisted of wide split slabs along one side of the room, supported by pins driven in the logs of the house. In this public building—and it is a fair representative of its day—we were provided a school for three months in the year, the winter season only. It was under such circumstances, and possessed of such meager facilities of education, that Martin Welker was to receive the mental training requisite to the active public life which lay before him. At an early age he developed a strong inclination for books and the acquisition of knowledge, and his habit of assiduous application soon enabled him to become master of the branches as taught at that time in the schools. At the age of fourteen he abandoned his father's farm, and obtained a situation as clerk in a store in a neighboring village, where he remained four years, in the meantime appropriating much of his leisure time to the investigation of the higher branches of an English education. When a clerk in the store an event occurred which, no doubt, largely influenced, and. to an eminent degree imparted purpose and determination to his career in lire. He was called as a witness before a grand jury at Mount Vernon. He had heard of courts and judges, but this was his first opportunity of witnessing either. The Hon. Ezra Dean was then presiding judge, and was a man of commanding appearance and dignified deportment and manner. This single but extraordinary circumstance so wonderfully impressed the then plastic mind of the. young witness for the first time in spurt that he then and there resolved to be a lawyer, and, if possible, to be worthy to attain that higher and nobler distinction of judge. This resolution ripened into a firm and settled purpose. His boyhood associates heard his declarations, and many of them lived to see them. verified. He never lost sight of his young ambitions, and how earnestly, zealously and indefatigably he has labored to accomplish and vindicate those ambitions his. remarkable judicial record most eloquently explains. At the end of eighteen years of hard and unremitted labor, and of many changes of fortune, he was elected judge of the district over the same Judge Dean, who was his competitor, and actually occupied the same chair in the same old court-house at Mount Vernon. This was the position he had declared to an 30 - WAYNE COUNTY. associate he would aspire to attain ; and, on its attainment, his youthful friend, now an eminent physician, warmly congratulated him on the fulfillment of his boyish dreams—a most laudable early ambition. At the age of eighteen, having made considerable progress in a general education, he entered a lawyer's office at Millersburgh, Holmes County, and commenced the study of the legal profession, in the multitudinous and complex intricacies of which he has acquired a national reputation. While engaged in the study of law he occupied a portion of the time in probing the roots and exploring the beauties of the Latin tongue; nor did he omit carefully to peruse the pages of ancient and modern history, and thus lay deep the foundation for the superstructure of his future eminence. In the literary societies with which he was identified he soon acquired reputation as a cogent reasoner, an apt and skillful debater, as well as an accomplished and vigorous writer. In the political campaign of 1840 he took a very active part for one so young and inexperienced. The editorial department of the Whig paper published in the town in which he resided received many keen and valuable contributions from his pen. At the age of twenty-one he was admitted to the bar, and rapidly rose to distinction as a jurist and advocate. Since then we might almost say of him what Phillips said of Bonaparte, that his path has been "a place of continued elevations." In 1846 he was appointed clerk of the court of common pleas of Holmes County for a term of seven years, serving but five, when he resigned and resumed the practice of law. In 1848 he was nominated by the Whig party as its candidate for Congress in the district then composed of Holmes, Coshocton and Tuscarawas, but the district was largely Democratic, and he failed of an election. After he had been practicing ten years he was nominated and elected judge of the court of common pleas for the Sixth District of Ohio, which then included Wayne County, and served the constitutional term of five years. At the close of this period he was unanimously renominated, but, on account of much political excitement at the time, growing out of the presidential contest of 1856, himself being a Whig in politics and the district largely Democratic, he failed of re-election, although running largely ahead of his ticket. In the fall of 1857 he was elected lieutenant-governor of Ohio, at the time that S. P. Chase was elected governor. In this position he served one term, but declined a reelection. At the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he was appointed aid-de-camp to Gov. Dennison, and assigned to the duties of judge advocate-general of the WAYNE COUNTY - 31 State. He acted as such, and was the confidential assistant of the governor, generally, until the expiration of his term of office. His business qualifications in this position contributed valuable service in calling out and organizing the Ohio troops. He was afterward appointed a major on the staff of Gen. J. D. Cox, afterward governor of Ohio and secretary of the interior, and served out the term for which the first soldiers were enlisted. In 1862 he was appointed by Gov. Tod assistant adjutant-general of the State of Ohio and State superintendent of the draft for that year. While in discharge of that duty he was nominated for Congress by the Republican party, but was defeated (as were many others in that disastrous campaign) by a majority of only thirty-six. In 1864 he was nominated again, and was elected by a large majority to the XXXIXth Congress, from the Fourteenth Ohio District, then composed of the counties of Holmes, Ashland, Wayne, Medina and Lorain. In 1866 he was reelected to the XLth Congress, serving on the joint committee on retrenchment and on the committee for the District of Coplumbia. In 1868 he was again elected, to the XLIst Congress, where he served as chairman of the committee on retrenchment of the House, on the committee of the District of Columbia and the committee on private land claims, of which latter he was acting chairman during the last session of that Congress. In the summer of 1869 the congressional retrenchment committee crossed the continent to California with a view of visiting and investigating the custom house of San Francisco. Mr. Welker was chairman of the House committee, and Patterson, of New Hampshire, chairman of the Senate committee. While on the Pacific coast they were most hospitably entertained, and were the recipients of much attention and many favors by the citizens. They visited the Geysers, Yosemite and the Cliff House, groves of big trees, crossed the beautiful bay, and were saluted by cannon from Alcatraz. In connection with his duties on retrenchment committees he made himself familiar with the working machinery of the Government. This committee had charge of the organization of the attorney-general's office, and made it the department of justice. During his service in Congress he made one of the first speeches on reconstruction, and several other speeches on finance, agricultural department, impeachment of the President and several eulogies on the deaths of members, besides often engaged in general discussions. In November, 1873, he was appointed, by President Grant, district judge of the United States for the Northern District of the State of Ohio, vice Hon. Charles Sherman, resigned, and 32 - WAYNE COUNTY. was immediately confirmed by the Senate. This is a life appointment, and is the keystone in the handsome and enviable arch which crowns the reputation of Mr. Welker. He brought to the discharge of its duties the maturer products of a life of toil, the solid experiences of professional manhood, an enlightened and discriminating mind in the highest state of culture, a sound judgment, and a keen and lucid comprehension of the law. The office honored him no more than he has honored it. On his application he was retired, June 1, 1889, under the laws of the United States, which provide for the retirement of United States judges, he having served sixteen years and arrived at the age of seventy years. Judge Welker was married March 4, 1841, the day of President Harrison's inauguration, to Miss Maria Armor, of Millersburgh, Ohio, a sister of Prof. S. G. Armor, of Long Island Medical College. She is a lady of refinement and culture, and was highly esteemed by her acquaintances and friends in Washington City. They have no children. At the close of his term of judgeship of the court of common pleas, and in the spring of 1857, he. removed to Wooster, where he has permanently resided ever since, though his judicial duties demanded his presence in Cleveland and Toledo. He is now also professor of political science and of constitutional and international law in the University of Wooster, where he delivers a course of lectures. A few years ago the same university conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws. He has been, in the loftiest sense, a public man almost throughout life. Among the galaxy of distinguished men of Ohio he has exerted a great influence in the development of his native State, and, in his quiet, unobtrusive, but effective way, has contributed largely in shaping her political destiny. HUGH A. HART, M. D. Well known, and standing high as a — specialist in his profession, is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born in Juniata County, Penn., June 16, 1843. His father, William Hart, was a native of the same county, born in 1809, and therein spent his life in the occupation of farming. He passed from earth in 1850. The paternal ancestry were of Scotch-Irish descent, and came to America many years ago; the maternal ancestry were Scotch, and came to America at a date even, earlier than the paternal ancestry. The maternal great-grandfather served through the Revolution, and the maternal grandfather, Robert Robinson, was a lieu- WAYNE COUNTY - 33 tenant in the Pennsylvania infantry in the War of 1812. William Hart, the father of Hugh A., was united in marriage, in 1838, with Miss Prudence A. Robinson, also a native of Juniata County, Penn., and by her became the father of six children, of whom four are now living, Hugh A. (our subject) and Mary A. being the only ones in Wayne County. In 1867 Mrs. Hart came to Wooster, Ohio, and here remained until her death, which occurred July 9, 1888, she being seventy- two years of age. She was a member of the United Presbyterian Church of Wooster. Her remains rest beside those of her husband, in Pennsylvania. The subject proper of these lines when a boy labored on his father's farm, and at sixteen years of age was sent to school at the Academic School of Academia, Penn. In 1863 he enlisted in the service of his State at the time of the Southern invasion. After three months he returned to his home, and at Thompsontown, Penn., began to fit himself for life's work by studying medicine. He later attended the University of New York, graduating in medicine thereat in 1867. The same year he also graduated at the Aylette Medical Institute, New York City, and then came to Wayne County, where he began practice and continued until 1875, when he again went to New York in order to make a special study of the eye and ear, under the direction of Prof. H. Knapp. March 1, 1879, he received an appointment as clinical assistant, and later as assistant surgeon in the New York Ophthalmic and Aural (eye and ear) Institute, and as such served two years. In 1881 he returned to Wooster, where he has since made his home, having established a large practice and wide reputation as a very successful specialist. His business has gradually increased and extended until his patients now come many miles for treatment. In 1873 Dr. Hart was married to Miss Kate E. Imgard, daughter of August and Jeanette (Nold) Imgard, and a native of Wooster City, Ohio. This union has been blessed with one child, named H. Wayne Hart. The Doctor, as were his ancestors, is a Democrat. He is a member of the Board of Education, now serving his second term. Both himself and his esteemed wife are members of the United Presbyterian Church of Wooster. JOHN H. MARTIN, son of John and Ruth (Moore) Martin, was born in Clinton Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1829, was reared and received his school training in Holmes County, and, having received a liberal education, he taught school successfully for some time. 34 - WAYNE COUNTY In 1852 he traveled across the plains to California, where he remained five years, engaged in milling. Returning in 1857, he married, in 1859, Mary L., daughter of Samuel and Eliza Hayes, and located in Prairie Township, Holmes Co., Ohio, near Holmesville, where he carried on farming, and where two children were born: Janetta Irwin and Charles Fremont. In 1865 he purchased the farm he now owns in Salt Creek Township, Wayne County, to which he removed in 1866, and where he has since resided. Here one child was born, George Jared, now at home with his parents. Mr. Martin enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 100-days' service, and was on guard duty at Washington, D. C. Mr. and Mrs. Martin are members of the Congregational Church ; politically he is a Republican. [For early history of the Martin family see sketch of James Martin.] WALTON C. SCOTT, editor of the Dalton Gazelle, is a native of Dalton, Ohio, born November 17, 1849, a son of Levi M. and Mary A. Scott, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Irish descent. He was reared and educated in his native village, and in his youth learned the " art preservative." He subsequently turned his attention to journalistic work, and in 1875 established the Gazelle, which was the first newspaper in Dalton. This he has now conducted fourteen years. Mr. Scott is a stanch republican, and has been honored by being the choice of the people for position of postmaster of Dalton, and is the present incumbent. Mr. Scott was married, October 25, 1871, to Amanda S. Fenton, daughter of Smith and Susan Fenton. They have a family of five children: Ernest F., Luanna W., Gertrude L., Harry W. and Clyde C. Mr. Scott has been prominently identified with the politics of his native town, and for fourteen years has served as city clerk, a position he still holds. His father was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, a member of the Forty-first Ohio Infantry, and after his return home voted as he fought, for Republican principles. Mr. and Mrs. Scott are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are among the prominent and influential citizens of the town. ALBERT STAMM. The first of this family to come to Wayne County, Ohio, was Jacob Stamm, now deceased. He was born in Somerset County, Penn., March 14, 1805, his parents being George and Elizabeth WAYNE COUNTY - 35 (Baker) Stamm, natives of that county. His father dying when he was quite young, Jacob was reared by his grandfather Baker, and in 1830 they came to Wayne County, locating in Franklin Township, on 160 acres of land, where Mr. Baker ended his days. His mother also came to Wayne County, married one Stuckey, and died in Centerville. Jacob was first married, in Pennsylvania, to Catherine Schaaf, who died in 1852, and September 1, 1853, he married Margaret, daughter of John Hagy, of Holmes County, Ohio, by which union there were nine children, all yet living: Albert; Eliza; Adolph; George, married to Cora Estella Blue, of Knox County, Ohio; Jacob, married to Hannah Goodear, of Cass County, Neb. ; Wilson, in Nebraska, and Joseph, Margaret and LeGrand, at home. Mr. Stamm was a stanch Republican, and held various township offices. He was a leading member of the German Lutheran Church of Wooster; also helped to build the church in Franklin Township. He died August 27, 1878. His widow now lives, with seven of her children, on the old homestead, Albert, the subject of this sketch, being the eldest, and taking charge of the affairs of the estate. The family are engaged in general farming and stock raising, and are very highly respected by the community in which they live. JOHN EDWIN ZIMMERMAN, of Smithville, Wayne Co., Ohio, is the youngest son of John and Mary (Strock) Zimmerman, who have been residents of the lcounty for forty years, and are probably the oldest married couple in the county, having lived together for nearly sixty-four years. The paternal grandparents of our subject, George and Elizabeth (Lyttle) Zimmerman, were both natives of Pennsylvania, the former born in Germantown, and the latter in Chester. The father was of German extraction, his parents having come to this country prior to the Revolution. The mother was of Scotch-Irish descent. George Zimmerman was a currier by trade, and lived in Philadelphia until after his marriage. On the breaking out of the yellow fever there, in 1801, he removed to Germantown, and shortly after to Lancaster County, Penn., where he and his wife died, he aged sixty-one, and she seventy-three. John Zimmerman, father of our subject, lived in Lancaster until he was nineteen, when he went to Mechanicsburg, Cumberland Co., Penn., where he worked at cabinetmaking and house carpentering, and later helped to build the State capitol, at Harrisburg, Penn. On the completion of the State house he returned to Cumberland County, and again engaged in cabinetmaking until 1848, when he removed to Ohio, living the first six months in New 36 - WAYNE COUNTY. Carlisle, Clarke County, then coming to Smithville, Wayne County,' where he has ever since lived. There he engaged in merchandising for three years, and then again started the cabinet-making, carrying it on until 1884, when he retired, giving up the business to his sons. March 3, 1825, John Zimmerman was married to Mary Strock, who was born in Pennsylvania August 31, 1802. They are the parents of three sons and two daughters. Two are deceased. Joseph died October 6, 1846, aged twenty years and nine months, and Mary Emily died May 19, 1855. The survivors are Manuel S., married to Sarah Willey, carrying on cabinet-making and undertaking with his brother, and John E., our subject. The daughter is Adeline, wife of Henry Willaman, of Canton, Ohio. John Zimmerman was for two years a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature, and since coming to Ohio has held several important offices. For fourteen years he was justice of the peace, and for almost as long a time was notary public. He was an executor and administrator, and settled many estates, his first experience in that line being in Pennsylvania sixty-three years ago. He has enjoyed in a marked degree the confidence of his neighbors, who felt safe in entrusting their business in his hands. He and his wife are members of the Church of God of Smithville. For nearly fifty years he was an elder, but the growing infirmities of age caused his resignation. During all the many years they have been residents of Smithville he and his wife have ever enjoyed the respect and esteem of their neighbors, as most upright and honorable persons and consistent Christians, and now, well advanced in years, can look back with satisfaction to a life well spent. John Edwin Zimmerman was born in Cumberland County, Penn., September 25, 1834. He came to Ohio with his parents, and since their removal to Smithville has ever since made that place his 'Tome. He learned his father's trade of cabinet-making, working with the latter .until his retirement, when, as stated, he and his brother Manuel took the business. They also do undertaking, which has become the principal part of their trade. On May 2, 1864, John E. and his brother Manuel enlisted for 100 days in Company A, One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Volunteer Infantry, serving four months. November 9, 1865, he was married to Isabella, daughter of William and Maria Greenamyer, of whose family a full history is given under the name of P. S. Greenamyer. She was born in Columbiana, Ohio, January 30, 1840. They have one child, a son, named William G., now twenty-one years of age, who lives with his parents. Mr, Zimmerman has WAYNE COUNTY- 37 been treasurer of the township, and has also held other positions of trust. He is a friend to education, and is one of the incorporators of the Northern Ohio Normal School. He is a member of Davidson Post, No. 490, G. A. R., and as a neighbor and citizen is highly esteemed. JOSEPH A. SCHUCH, county recorder of Wayne County, was born in Ashland County, Ohio, November 6, 1849. His paternal grandparents came to America from Germany about 1847, and located in Wooster, Ohio, preparing to make a home there, but in eight days after their arrival death took away the grandmother, and eighteen months later the grandfather. Frederick Schuch, the father of our subject, came to America in 1846, and direct to Wooster, Ohio. At Loudonville, Ashland Co., Ohio, he was married to Margaret Young, a native of Holmes County, Ohio, and the daughter of Christian Young. Her mother died when she (Margaret) was but eight years of age. This union was blessed by the birth of eight children, seven of whom are now living. Joseph A. Schuch, the subject proper of this biographical memoir, received school advantages at Loudonville, Ohio, and later for one and a half years at Wooster. In 1874 he was married to Miss Anna Kemmerline, daughter of George and Hannah Kemmerline, and a native of Wooster, Ohio., Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Schuch: Frederick and Eveline. Mr. Schuch first learned the trade of a barber, and followed it successfully for some years. He was very popular and made many friends. April 6, 1881, he was elected township treasurer, in which capacity he served three terms, and in 1887 he was elected to his present position of county recorder. His majority has always been large, and far greater than his party vote would alone give, thus showing his popularity with both parties. Mr. Schuch is a natural musician, and still is, as he has been for years, connected with the Wooster band. He is a member of Morgen Stern Lodge No. 41, K. of P., and the Improved Order of Red Men. DAVID I. SLEMMONS was born in Milton Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, June 21, 1839, son of Samuel and Ann (McKee) Slemmons, who were natives of Washington County, Pa., and came to Wayne County in 1819, where they entered a tract of land in 38 - WAYNE COUNTY Milton Township. They were prominent members of the Jackson Presbyterian Church, in which the father was an elder. He was an active Democrat, and held the office of township treasurer for several years. He died in 1877, his wife in 1874. Five of their children are still living, viz.: Samuel, John, David I., Elizabeth (widow of James Whiteside) and Martha (Mrs. M. S. Gish), all in Milton Township, Wayne County. The subject of this memoir received his education at the township schools and Seville Academy. In 1877 he married Mary, daughter of William Armstrong, of Canaan Township, Wayne County, and they have two children, Howard and Laura. He is engaged in farming, and owns two quarter sections of land in Milton Township. Mr. Slemmons is an elder in the Jackson Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a Democrat. He held the office -of township clerk for a period of twelve years, from 1869 until 1881. WILLIAM MUSSER was born June 9, 1835, in Salt Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, on the farm now owned by J. B. Crosby, and is a son of Jacob and Sarah (McDonald) Musser. John McDonald, maternal grandfather of our subject, was of Scotch descent, born in Fauquier County, Va., where he married and died, having reared a family of eight children, as follows: John, James, Carter, William, Elizabeth, Mary, Nancy and Sarah, all deceased except Sarah. He served in the colonial army during the entire war for independence, that gave birth to our great republic. Jacob Musser, father of William, came from Switzerland to America in 1816, and in 1822 revisited Europe. Returning to the United States, he continued his journey to Shenandoah County, Va., and there, in 1834, married, about which time he removed to Wayne County, Ohio, making the journey from the Shenandoah Valley on horseback. He located in Salt Creek Township, and here followed his trade, that of carpenter, and built many of the better class of houses at that time. He was the father of four children, as follows: William, Catherine (now wife of L. C. Reichenbach, residing in East Union Township, Wayne County), Lucy (now Mrs. Smith, residing in Paint Township, Wayne County) and Emily (now Mrs. Allen Brown, residing in Salt Creek Township, Wayne County). The father of these children died December 23, 1881; his widow has her home with her son, William. William Musser was married December 24, 1863, to Caroline Emick, daughter WAYNE COUNTY - 39 of George Emick, of Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County, and located on the farm he now owns, in Salt Creek Township, where he carries on farming. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Musser are Emma C., Sidney A., Harvey E. and Charles J., all athome with their parents. He is identified with the Republican party, and has been a member of the Board of Education for twelve or fifteen years, during which time many changes and improvements have been made in the township in regard to schools and school buildings. EDWARD SCHAAF; a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Stamm) Schaaf, was born on the homestead he now owns, in Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, April 9, 1841. Michael Schaaf was a native of Bavaria, Germany, immigrated to America about 1820 or 1825, and first located in Somerset County, Penn. In 1830 he came to Wayne County, and located on eighty acres of land in Franklin Township, where he died in 1871. He held several political offices, and was a prominent member of the Reformed Lutheran Church. His wife died in 1882. Two of their children are deceased, viz.: Michael and Albert, both of whom were members of Company A, One Hundred and Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and both died in 1863. The seven children yet living are as follows: Eliza Ann, wife of Isaac Burnett, in Franklin Township, Wayne County; Adam, in Williams County, Ohio; George, also in Franklin Township; Josiah, in Arkansas; Edward, on the homestead; John and William, both in Franklin Township. Of these, George was born in Franklin Township, Wayne Co , Ohio, June 17, 1835; in 1860 he married Esther, daughter of John Burnett, of Franklin Township, and they have five children: Elsie Jane, Francis Asbury, John Ellsworth, Osmond C. and Harley Walter; the father of these children is a Republican in politics, and has been school director in his township; he is one of the trustees of the Moorland Methodist Episcopal Church. John Schaaf was born April 27, 1847; in 1873 he married Mary J., daughter of S. M. Henry, Esq., of Franklin Township, Wayne County, and they have one child, Florence E. ; Mr. Schaaf is one of the trustees of the Moorland Methodist Episcopal Church. William Schaaf was born September 13, 1853, on the homestead where he now lives, and was married, in 1876, to Miss Alice, daughter of Seth Smith, of Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio ; they have two children, Odessa E. and Eliza E. ; Mr. 40 - WAYNE COUNTY. Schaaf and family are members of the Moorland Methodist Episcopal Church. Edward Schaaf, whose name heads this sketch, enlisted, in 1862, in Company G, Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served nine months. He never married. ANDREW J. BLACKSTONE, clothing merchant, Orrville, Ohio, is a native of Wayne County, born in Paint Township, April 29, 1840. On his paternal side his grandfather came from England and his grandmother from Germany. On the maternal side both grandparents came from Wales. They all settled in Westmoreland County, Penn.,where Daniel Blackstone, father of Andrew J., was born in 1810. He and his wife are now living near West Lebanon, in Paint Township, his farm lying partly in that township and partly in Sugar Creek. He came to Wayne County with his parents when young, and being left fatherless at an early age, had to rely entirely on his own exertions. Not only did he maintain himself, but he was the main support of his mother until her death, which occurred in 1854. Notwithstanding his disadvantageous circumstances, by unremitting industry and habits of thrift he made his way in the world, and is now in possession of a comfortable competence, besides giving each of his children a good start in life. He was quite young when his parents removed to Ohio, and, until his marriage, worked out. After that, in company with his mother, he bought a small piece of land, and -)n that place he has lived ever since. As the years went by and prosperity rewarded his industry, piece by piece he added to his farm, until to-day he has one of the finest in Wayne County, comprising 225 acres. His early habits of industry have never left him, and he has always been noted as an extraordinarily industrious and hard-working man. Having all he could attend to at home, he has avoided public office, his politics being simply to do his duty at the polls. His first vote was cast for Harrison and Tyler, in 1840. He is known as a kind and charitable man, always willing to help the poor and distressed, and is highly esteemed in the community where he has so long made his home. He is a firm believer in the doctrines of Christianity, but has never united with any denomination. He, however, has always been a liberal contributor to all church work, and gives freely to all churches in the neighborhood. As illustrative of his character, it may be mentioned that he has never in his life been engaged in a lawsuit, either as plaintiff or defendant. He was married WAYNE COUNTY - 41 when twenty-one or twenty-two years of age to Miss Harriet Griffith, daughter of Benjamin and Mary Griffith, of Sugar Creek Township, of which her father was one of the early settlers, and where he held the office of justice of the peace many years, until his death. Harriet Griffith was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., in 1812. She is a woman of deep religious convictions, and was reared in the Methodist faith by pious parents. She is now a member of the Lutheran Church near her home. She has been a faithful wife and devoted mother, and has the sincere love and affection of all her children. Mr. and Mrs. Blackstone have had ten children, of whom one, Stephen, is deceased. The rest are Benjamin,' living in Stark County, Ohio; Susan, wife of John A. Rose, in Marion, Kas. ; Andrew J. ; Eli, living near Tipton, Mo. ; Melissa, wife of Wesley Seiler, in Waterloo, Ind. ; Mary, wife of W. M. Snyder, of this county; Howard M., also in this county; Harvey Ervin, a practicing physician in Excelsior, Mo., and Isaac A., on a farm near the old home. Andrew J. Blackstone, the subject of this memoir, lived on the farm until he was twenty-one years old, receiving a good common-school education. He was married in 1861, and removed to Illinois, renting a farm there in the spring of 1862, but in a few months he gave it up to enter the Union army, on July 21 of that year, in Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry. While in the service he underwent much hardship. In the fall of 1862, at Louisville, Ky., he was detailed to help manage teams, and was kicked and trampled upon by a mule, and severely injured, laying him up in the hospital for two months. In November following he rejoined his regiment at Glasgow, Ky., and was in the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn. January 21, 1863, he was one of a detail sent out with a forage train. Scarcely had they passed the Union pickets when they were charged upon by rebel cavalry, and thirty-three teams, teamsters, detail and guards were captured. They were hurried off to the rebel Gen. Morgan's headquarters at McMinnville, Tenn., where they were paroled. Mr. Blackstone was sent out with rebel teams on a foraging expedition, and did not get back to camp until 11 o'clock at night, before which time all the other prisoners had been sent off. He was given his parole, but was not allowed to leave the rebel lines. The hardships and exposure he here endured brought on a severe fit of sickness, leaving him hardly able to walk. Other prisoners had been captured in the meantime, and with them he was sent to the Union 42 - WAYNE COUNTY. lines, but, being unable to keep up, he fell behind, and was picked up by Union cavalry, who took him to Glasgow, Ky. His parole directed him to report at Louisville, Ky. and on his way from Glasgow to the railroad he was overhauled by two rebel cavalrymen, who took away his parole, pronouncing it bogus, and charged him with being a spy. During the night he escaped, after being shot at several times, and made his way to the railroad, and thence to Louisville. By order of Gov. Brough he was sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, and afterward to his home. From there he reported by letter to his old captain, but learned soon 'after that he had been killed. Getting no orders, and anxious to re-enter his country's service, and not wishing to return to Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois, in violation of his oath of parole, he enlisted, January 4, 1864, in the Ninth Ohio Cavalry, in which he did gallant service until the close of the war, being promoted to first sergeant in six months after joining the regiment, for meritorious conduct. He participated in over thirty cavalry engagements; was with Gen. Rousseau on his famous raid through Alabama, from July 10 to 22, 1864; then at the downfall of Atlanta, Ga. ; thence with Gen. Sherman on the march to the sea, and back up through the Carolinas to the surrender of Gen. Johnston, at Lexington, N. C. April 26, 1865. Twice while in the service he was reported dead, once it being reported with particulars in the Nashville papers. He was discharged August 2, 1865. As he received but one month's pay and $25 bounty on joining the One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois, he now has a petition before Congress asking for the amount justly due him for faithful service. Returning to the pursuits of peace, he rented his Grandmother Griffith's farm, near his old home, and the following spring bought two shares of it from the heirs. Two years after, he bought the rest of the farm, which comprises 100 acres, and there he made his home for eighteen years, until 1884. He then removed to Orrville, where the family yet live. Iii 1885 he bought out the clothing store of Joseph Beidler, in Orrville, which he conducted successfully until May 25, 1889, when he exchanged his store for a 240-acre farm in Davidson County, Dak. which he expects to make his future home, his postoffice address being Mount Vernon. December 12, 1861, Mr. Blackstone was married to Charlotte, daughter of David and Mary Fortney, of Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County. She was born in Stark County, Ohio, July 9, 1842. They have had five children, of whom two, Melissa and Mary Rebecca, died young. WAYNE COUNTY - 43 The survivors are Rousseau, a jeweler by profession, living in Crestline, Ohio; Eli Henderson, a telegrapher by profession, and Pearl May, who lives with her parents. In religious belief Mr. Blackstone adopts the doctrines of the Universalist Church, and among the people who know them they bear the reputation of upright, good neighbors and citizens. JOHN S. JAMES, eldest son of George and Ann (Sealy) James, was born in Somersetshire, England, May 4, 1817, and emigrated to America with his parents in 1832. For about thirty years he re-remained with his parents, and in 1862 he moved onto his present farm of 160 acres. In 1861 he married Miss Martha, daughter of Thomas Gilmore, of Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. She died in 1884, leaving six children, as follows: Thomas Sealy, living at home; James Alfred, who married Sarah Grant, and lives in Franklin Township, Wayne County; William Edward, living at home; George A. and Harry Oscar, in Nebraska, and Henry Arthur, at home. Mr. James is a Democrat in politics, and has served his township as supervisor for three years, trustee for two years, and is now serving his fourth year as treasurer. He and family attend the services of the Moorland Methodist Episcopal Church. LEVI RUDY was born in Lancaster County, Penn., May 27, 1819, son of Christian and Barbara (Moyer) Rudy, natives of Lancaster County, Penn. They came to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1834, and located on a farm near Dalton, in Sugar Creek Township, where they lived the remainder of their days. Christian Rudy was a prominent member of the Mennonite Church ; in politics he first Voted the Whig and afterward the Republican ticket. He died in 1875, his wife in 1859. Their family consisted of ten children, eight of whom are still living, viz. : David, Sr., in Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County; Levi; Sarah, a maiden lady, also in Sugar Creek Township; Maria, living in Illinois; Israel, in Denver City, Colo. ; Ann, wife of Samuel Snavely, of Sugar Creek Township; Barbara, wife of Henry Buchwalter, of Trumbull County, Ohio; David, in Sugar Creek Township. Levi Rudy, the subject of this memoir, came to Wayne County with his parents when fifteen years of age; was reared on the homestead farm, and sent to the schools of the period. In 1850 he purchased his present farm on the 44 - WAYNE COUNTY. edge of Dalton, Sugar Creek Township, where he has since resided. In 1851 he became united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Ann, daughter of A. C. Cook, of Dalton, Ohio, and to them have been born four children, as follows: Mary Eva is the wife of J. Rudy Roebuck, of Baughman Township, Wayne Co,, Ohio, and has two children, Ina and Laura; Charles, living at home; Laura, wife of Barclay Snodgrass, of Dalton, Ohio, has two children, Frank and Harry; William, living at home. Mr. Rudy is a Republican, and has held the office of supervisor a number of years, and school director for over seventeen years. In 1880 he was elected land appraiser, and in 1886 justice of the peace, in which latter capacity he is now serving. His family are members of the Presbyterian Church.   DR. JAMES D. ROBISON, one of the oldest and most successful physicians of Wooster, Ohio, was born.. April 23, 1820, in Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, where he was reared. His father, Thomas Robison, was born in Chambersburgh, Penn., of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He (Thomas) was a farmer in the early portion of his life, and in 1806, in company with his five brothers, came to Ohio. After a sojourn here of three years he returned to Chambersburgh, and there learned the cabinet-making business, returning to Ohio in the fall of 1813, and locating in Wooster, where he carried on his tan-yard with his brother, David. Later he became interested in politics, and was elected justice of the peace, afterward sheriff of the county, and finally to the State Legislature. In connection with his political life he carried on merchandising, to which he devoted his time from 1840 until his death, which occurred in 1857. He visited Pennsylvania in the fall of 1816, and was married to Miss Jemima Dickey, a native of that State, who accompanied her husband on horseback from Pennsylvania to Ohio. They were among the first to organize the Presbyterian Church of Wooster, of which Mr. Robison was one of the trustees. Mrs. Robison survived her husband a number of years. Eight children were born .to them, of whom the only ones living are the subject of this memoir and four daughters: Mrs. M. J., widow of John K. McBride, and Mrs. Martha A. Shively, in Wooster; Mrs. Margaret A. Jacobs, in Fort Wayne, Ind., and Mrs. Sarah A. Avery, in St. Louis, Mo.   James D. Robison, whose name heads this sketch, became at the age of fourteen a clerk, and as such continued until he was nineteen. In February, 1840, he   45 - PICTURE OF DR. JAMES D. ROBISON   46 - BLANK   WAYNE COUNTY - 47   began reading medicine with Dr. S. N. Bissell, of Wooster, and in the fall of 1841 entered Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. The following summer he pursued his chosen profession at Cincinnati, and in October returned to Jefferson Medical College, where he graduated in March, 1843. His first office he opened in Cincinnati, where he practiced until July, 1846. He then, at the breaking out of the Mexican War, went to the field as surgeon of the Third Regiment Ohio Volunteers, under command of Samuel R. Curtiss. In 1848 he returned to Cincinnati, and thence removed to Wooster, where he has since made his home and practiced his profession. In February, 1857, the Doctor was united in marriage with Miss Anna E. Loring, of Medina, Ohio, who in 1865 passed to the grave, leaving three sons : Tom A., James Dick and Harry Loring. Of these,Tom A, is deceased; James D. is the owner of a whip manufactory in Wooster; Harry L. is preparing to follow in the footsteps of his father, and is now studying medicine in New York City. In 1868 the Doctor chose for his second wife Viola C. Taylor, a native of Monroeville, Ohio, who departed this life in 1883. In the meantime the Doctor went to the War of the Rebellion as surgeon of the original Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, commissioned May 13, 1861, promoted to brigade surgeon August 5, 1861, but in March, 1863, on account of the ill health of his wife, resigned, and, returning to Wooster, was on the 30th of April. commissioned surgeon of the Board of Enrollment of the Fourteenth Congressional District of Ohio, in which position he continued until the close of the war. Dr. Robison is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He assisted to build the Episcopal Church, And has since been one of its most earnest and conscientious members. His life has been a very active one, and being blessed with excellent health (having had but one illness), he has been able to accomplish much good for his fellow-men. In his profession he stands almost without a peer, and, as a man of whom all speak highly, very few are his equal.   One incident of his army life may be related. At Phillips, during the attack, a rebel soldier had gone into a stable to saddle a horse, when a cannon-ball crashed through the building and shattered his leg. Seeing some Union troops approaching the barn, and supposing his life would at once be forfeited were he discovered, the poor fellow climbed to the loft and concealed himself in the )lay, awaiting death from loss of blood. He was discovered, however, and Dr. Robison amputated the shattered limb, thereby saving his life. This was the first limb amputated in the war; and an interesting fact   48 - WAYNE COUNTY.   connected with the incident is that the soldier who lost his leg manufactured an artificial one for himself with so much skill that the Confederates kept him for a time employed at similar work for others; and since the war he has established and is still operating one of the largest artificial limb manufactories in the United States.   GEORGE W. ROSS was born on a farm in the village of Sterling, Wayne Co., Ohio, June 8, 1854, a son of Joseph and Catherine (Peckinpaugh) Ross, who are still living on the homestead. George W., the subject of this memoir, was reared on the farm, and received a good classical education at the township schools and Lodi Academy. After finishing his education he entered the law office of J. B. Woodward, of Medina, Ohio, where he studied law during the summer months, and engaged in teaching school during the winter, which routine he followed for several years. During this time he once served in the capacity of principal and high school teacher of the schools, at Creston, Ohio, and twice in the same capacity of the schools at Sterling, Ohio. He then entered the office of J. C. Johnson, president of the Ohio Farmers' Insurance Company, and his partner, Mr. Graves, of Seville, Ohio, where he read law for two years. He was admitted to practice by the district court of Medina County, Ohio, March 27, 1879, and to the Circuit Court of the United States February 11, 1885. He is also a member of the Wayne County bar. Mr. Ross has always taken an active part in Republican politics, and is considered a leader in the northern part of the county. He was one of the organizers of the Sterling Wrench Company, and has acted as president of the same from 1886 to July, 1888. He is a member of Sterling Council No. 818, R. A., and is also an officer of the Grand Council of that order in Ohio. In October, 1880, he united in marriage with Miss Carrie E., daughter of D. B. Beardsley, attorney at law of Findlay, Ohio. Mr. Ross has never held any political offices, as he lives in a district strong in the opposite side of politics.   HENRY MARSHALL, a well-known citizen of Wayne County, was born in Doylestown, Wayne Co., Ohio, May 24, 1846. His paternal grandfather, who was a native of a foreign land, immigrated to America, here to make a home, and located near Get-   WAYNE COUNTY - 49   tysburg, Penn., but later came to Wayne County, Ohio, where the father of our subject was born. He (the father) became a farmer, and in 1842 was married to Miss Helen Shondel (formerly written Schandel), a native of France, who had come to America with her parents, locating near Canton, Ohio, when she was five years of age, and still later settling in Milton Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. To this union two children were born, viz.: Joseph, in Doylestown, Ohio, and Henry. In 1864 the father was called to the grave, and in 1869 the mother followed him.   Henry Marshall first worked on his father's farm, receiving in the meantime a common-school education, until he was seventeen years of age, when he met with an accident which changed the course of his life. While felling a tree it lodged in another, and suddenly loosening fell upon him, breaking his leg so badly that amputation above the knee was found to be necessary. After this unfortunate accident he spent four years at the Canton High School, and then returned to Doylestown, where he entered the grocery business, in which he remained several years. During this time he efficiently filled the position of township clerk for several years, representing the Democratic party, to which he has ever owed allegiance. In. 1881 he was elected county recorder, and was re-elected in 1884. In February, 1888, he was appointed deputy judge of probate, which position he is still filling. In 1874 he chose a life's partner in the person of Miss Celia Dagenhart, daughter of Joseph and Cecelia Dagenhart, both now deceased, and a native of Massillon, Ohio. The maternal grandfather of our subject, Christian Schandel, was a soldier in the French army, accompanying Napoleon in his Russian campaign of 1812, ,and was badly frozen in the terrible retreat from Moscow.   JOHN B. CROSBY, son of James and Margaret (Ross) Crosby, was born in Washington County, Penn., August 6, 1820. John Crosby, his grandfather, removed from Chester County, Penn., to Washington County, the same State. He reared a family of six children : John, William, James, Rebecca, Margaret and Rachel. James, the third son, was the father of John B. He was born in Chester County, and removed with his parents to Washington County. He participated in the War of 1812, and two years after its close, in 1817, married and made Washington County his home until 1840, when he moved to Wayne County, Ohio, and settled in Salt Creek Township,   50 - WAYNE COUNTY.   where both he and his wife passed the last years of their lives. To them were born eleven children, viz. : Sarah, who died aged twenty years and three months ; John B., born in 1820; Elizabeth, died aged three years and six months; Mary Jane, died aged three years and four months ; Nancy, born in 1825, living at Wooster; James R., born in 1828; Ebenezer, born in 1829, died aged six months; Narcissa, born in 1831, died aged four years and six months; Lucinda, born in 1834, died aged fifteen years; Emily, born in 1836, is a resident of Wooster, and Amanda, born in 1839, is the wife of John W. McElroy, Jr., of Plain Township.   John B. Crosby was reared and educated in Washington County, Penn., and came to Wayne County with his parents in 1840. In 1846 he married Pensacela Brown, and located on the farm he now owns in Salt Creek Township. Their only child died in infancy. Mrs. Crosby died in 1848, and September 23, 1856, Mr. Crosby married Caroline Haymaker, and to them have been born two sons, Howard and Lincoln Chase. The latter died aged two years, and the former was married June 17, 1879, to Bell McBride, and is now engaged in farming in Salt Creek Township. Mr. and Mrs. Crosby are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. Crosby casts his suffrage with the Prohibition party.   JOHN C. STEINER is a son of Christian and Catherine (Amstutz) Steiner, natives of France, who came to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1831, and purchased a tract of land in Milton Township, where they carried on farming. Christian Steiner was a preacher in the Mennonite Church, and was instrumental in erecting two churches of that denomination in Milton Township. His first wife died in 1840, the mother of five children, viz. : Peter, in Seville, Ohio; Christian E., in Milton Township, Wayne County; Barbara, wife of Frederick Amstutz, of Milton Township; John C. (our subject) and Annie, wife of David Amstutz, of Michigan. The mother of this family died in 1840, and Mr. Steiner then married Maria, daughter of Daniel Steiner, of Milton Township, Wayne County. By this union were born the following named children: Fannie, wife of Rev. David C. Amstutz, of Milton Township; Daniel, in Milton Township, Wayne County; Ulrich, in Green Township, Wayne County; Gideon, in Kansas ; Catherine, in Green Township, Wayne County; Amos, in Milton Township, Wayne County, and David, merchant and postmaster at Sterling, Ohio. Mrs. Steiner, mother of these children, died in 1881, and Mr. Steiner in 1885. John C. Steiner was born July 25, 1828, was educated at the township   WAYNE COUNTY - 51   schools, and has always followed farming and horse breeding April 23, 1863, he married Miss Maria Kratz, daughter of Jacob Kratz, of Milton Township, Wayne County, and they have six children, viz.: Reuben K., Edwin L., Katie A., Harvey J., Alice and Lizzie May. Mr. Steiner is a Democrat, and has served as supervisor and school director for many years. He was one of the organizers of the Sterling Wrench Company, and has since been one of its directors. During the late Rebellion he took an active part in furnishing men from Milton Township. He and wife are prominent members of the Mennonite Church.   ELIAS A. FREET was born August 26, 1832, near Columbiana, Ohio, a son of George W. and Charlotte (House) Freet, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Pennsylvania. They first settled in Trumbull County, Ohio, and subsequently moved to Columbiana, where the mother died in 1836. The father of our subject then married, for his second wife, Rachel Nevitt, of Harrison County, Ohio, and moved to Illinois, where he died in 1856. He was one of the original Abolitionists of Eastern Ohio. By his first wife George W. Freet had eight children, all of whom are dead except two, viz. : Elizabeth, wife of Jesse Gilbert, of Fairfield Township, Columbiana Co., Ohio, and Elias A. By his second wife he had five children, three of whom still live, viz.: Isaac H., in Kansas; George W., in Indiana, and Sarah Jane, wife of David Fraze, of Crawfordsville, Ind. The subject of this sketch was reared mostly in Portage County, Ohio, where he attended the district schools and the academy. In 1852 he came to Dalton, Wayne Co., Ohio, where he worked at the merchant tailor's trade, an0d in 1858 he established his present business in Dalton, that of clothing merchant. In 1855 Mr. Freet married Miss Lucinda, daughter of Curtis Houghton, of Dalton, Ohio, and by this union there are three children: Cora E. is the wife of William A. Harry, of Daltan, Ohio, and has one child, Judson F. ; Louisa and George Curtis are both at home.   Mr. Freet and his family are members of the Dalton Presbyterian Church, of which he is an elder. In May, 1861, he was appointed postmaster of Dalton, which office he held until September 7, 1885, and is now serving his tenth year as town treasurer. He was one of the original stockholders of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad, and was instrumental in getting a station at Dalton. Mr. Freet   52 - WAYNE COUNTY.   has been a member of Cedar Lodge, No. 430, F. & A. M., of Orrville, for twenty years. He has always been a stanch Republican, and is considered one of the leaders of his party in his town.   JAMES L. ZARING, principal of the public school, Smithville, Wayne Co., Ohio, is the eldest son of Eli Zaring, clerk of courts of the county, under whose name, on another page of this volume, is given the family history. His mother's maiden name was Mary Stevic. They are now residents of Wooster, where Mr. Zaring's official duties demand his presence. The subject of this sketch was born in Plain Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, December 4, 1859, He attended the district school near his home, and when of suitable age learned the trade of shoemaking in summers in his father's shop. He, however, never followed this trade regularly. His common-school education was supplemented by a thorough course at the Normal School in Smithville, then conducted by Prof. Eberly. At the age of eighteen he was examined and obtained a teacher's certificate, but being of a youthful appearance did not obtain a school until he was twenty years old. His first school was in Chester Township, where he taught three terms, constituting a full year. The succeeding two years he taught in District No. 3, in Plain. Township, and then one year in District No. 4, in the same township. The following two years he taught in District No. 1, his home school, in which all his common-school education had been obtained. Each move was a step upward, and each position more responsible and more lucrative. Ever since he began his chosen career his course has been steadily onward. After leaving his home school he taught for a year in District No. 4, in Wooster Township, and was then offered and accepted the responsible position of principal of the public school at Smithville, which he still holds. This was a merited as well as gratifying tribute to his faithful and successful work as an educator.   June 3, 1883, Mr. Zaring was married to Wessie Reamer, a daughter of Jacob and Sophia Reamer, of Smithville, where she was born January 25, 1863. Her parents came to Ohio from Mechanicsburg, Penn., many years ago. Her father was a soldier in the Union army during the Civil War, and was killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863. Her mother is now living in Smithville. Mr. and Mrs. Zaring are the parents of two children: Ethel and Walter. Mr. Zaring is a member of the order of the Knights   WAYNE COUNTY - 53   of the Maccabees. He is universally recognized as a gentleman of high principle, of unquestioned integrity, and as one of the most capable and successful educators in the county.   A. R. FLUHART. John and Eleanor (Culbertson) Thomas were married in 1819, and located in Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, on the place now owned by John Sanderson, it then being a wilderness. This couple were natives of Westmoreland County, Penn., were married here, and were residents of Franklin for forty-eight years, then removed to Nashville, where Mr. Thomas died. The record of their children is as follows: Esther married E. G, Jack, and now resides in Lafayette, Ind,; John C. married Lottie Davis, and now resides in Shreve, Wayne County; William married May Robison, and now resides in Fulton County; Elizabeth married Josiah Yoter, and now resides in Shreve, Wayne County; Cyrus S. married Alvira Carr, and now resides in Michigan; Ebenezer married Elizabeth Moore, and now resides in East Union, Wayne County; Joseph died in 1869; and Margaret married A. R. Fluhart in 1850, and located April 10, 1867, on the farm he now occupies. Their children are Zacheus E., John Y., Elizabeth, Cyrus M., Anna May, Harry C., Howard H., Ella M. and Jessie M. Zacheus E. married Emma, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Jane Martin, of Holmes County, and located in Wooster Township, Wayne County; they have three children: Edna M., Jennie Mabel and Florence Moore. John Y. married Mary, daughter of Elias and Sarah Stucker, and moved to Missouri; they have four children: Edward E., Johnnie, Sadie and Ella M. Cyrus M. married Emma, daughter of John and Jane Richards, and located in Salt Creek Township; they have one daughter, Carrie Edith. Ella M. was married in 1888 to A. A. Geitgey. The other children are at the homestead, which is situated in a delightful valley. Mr. Fluhart is one of the progressive farmers of his township, and, with his sons, is a strong Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Fluhart and their entire family are members of the Presbyterian Church.   SOLOMON R. BONEWITZ, one of the best known and most prominent lawyers in Wayne County, is a native of the same, born November 28, 1820, and is a son of John and Margaret (Rider)   54 - WAYNE COUNTY.   Bonewitz, both of whom were natives of Berks County, Penn., he coming in 1815 to Wayne County as a pioneer. In 1853 he moved with his wife and all of their children, excepting Solomon R., to Wabash County, Ind., where he died in February, 1885, aged ninety-two years, and his wife in 1860. They were the parents of eight children, three of whom are yet living, our subject being the only one now in Wayne County. One son resides in North Manchester, Ind., and one in Omaha, Neb.   Solomon R,, subject of this memoir, received his school training at what jubilated in its day in the high-sounding title of "Hayes' College," which in reality was only a log school-house. His life was spent on a farm until he was eighteen years old, when he commenced a clerkship in his father's dry goods store, at what was then known as Naftzger's Mill, near Burbank, in Wayne County, and later at Mechanicsburgh, same county, until 1844. He had married, in the meantime, October 14, 1841, Miss Louisa Booth, of Medina County, Ohio, a lady of good education, who at one time was a teacher in the public schools, and who after marriage became in part her husband's instructor, stimulating him to a higher education. Her father, Hilen Booth, of Medina County, Ohio, was married to Sarah McCleod, and died in 1870, his wife having preceded him in 1860. Mrs. Bonewitz has one brother in Akron, Ohio; another brother,who had been prominently identified with the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad Company, having control of all the telegraph lines, died in 1883; one sister is the wife of Dr. M. K. Hard, of Wooster, Ohio, and another sister is Mrs. Manosmith, of Jay. County, Ind. In 1844 Mr. and Mrs. Bonewitz came to Wooster, Wayne County, and here he finished his law studies, which he had taken up and prosecuted while engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar at St. Clairsville, Ohio, practiced his profession in Wooster up to 1865, in which year he siformed a partnership known as the Bonewitz, Emrich & Co. Banking House, in Wooster, with himself as cashier. Later it became the Commercial Bank of Wooster, which merged into the National Bank of Wooster. In 1871 Mr. Bonewitz severed his )connection with this institution, and devoted his entire time to the practice of law. For two terms, commencing in 1853, he was mayor of Wooster, and has been a member of the council for four years; he was also a justice of the. peace six years, and filled all of the incumbencies with credit to himself and satisfaction of his constituents. He was appointed United States commissioner by the circuit courts of the United States, as recorded in the "Blue Book" at Washing-   WAYNE COUNTY - 55   ton, in 1848, which office he has continuously held through all political phases. For the past four or five years he has given his time and attention to the pension business. Politically he is a Democrat. He and his wife have been members of the Episcopal Church since 1864. On January 8, 1882, Mrs. Bonewitz was afflicted with a severe attack of nervous prostration, from which she was recovering until May, 1887, when she met with an accident, which deprived her partly of the use of her limbs; in all her affliction she is a patient, uncomplaining sufferer.   SAMUEL SCHMUCK was born in Lancaster County, Penn., July 9, 1822, a son of Henry and Elizabeth (Hymiller) Schmuck. In 1832 his parents came to Wayne County, where the father died, aged seventy-three years. Samuel Schmuck was reared in Wayne. County from the age of ten years, remaining with his parents and assisting in the cultivation of the farm until his marriage, in 1847, with Miss Sarah Geitgey, daughter of John Geitgey, who died, leaving one child, James Henry. This son died in 1880, aged thirty-two years, leaving a widow and two children. January 27, 1854, Mr. Schmuck married Mary Myers, daughter of Daniel and Martha Myers. They have four children: David Edwin, Sara, Ida May and Annie Mary. In 1847 Mr.. Schmuck settled on his present farm, which he has improved, and now has one of the pleasantest homes in Franklin Township. He has been a successful man, his prosperity being due to his untiring energy and good management. In politics Mr. Schmuck is a Republican. Mrs. Schmuck's father, Daniel Myers, was a native of Germany, born in 1814. At the age of seventeen years he came to the United States. He was on a sailing vessel three months, being in the meantime shipwrecked twice. He located in Pennsylvania, where he learned the cooper's trade. He married Martha (Deweese) Shively, and to them were born eight children, all of whom except one are living. They finally settled on a farm in Wayne County, Ohio, where both died.   DAVID McDOWELL, son of John 1 and Mary (Marshall) McDowell, natives of Washington County, Penn., was born December 5, 1820, in Sugar Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. His parents came to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1819, and entered a tract of land (one quarter) in Sugar Creek Township, where   56 - WAYNE COUNTY.   they lived and died. John McDowell built a saw and grist mill, which he conducted for many years. He voted first with the Whig and afterward with the Republican party, and held the office of justice of the peace for many years ; he was also an elder in the Seceder Church. He died January 2, 1872, and his wife November 25, 1873. Their family consisted of eleven children, and of them the only ones now living are as follows: Elijah, in Indiana; Luther, in Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County; David; Sarah, wife of Samuel Anderson, of Dalton, Ohio, and Mary, wife of John Porter, residing near Fulton, Ohio.   David McDowell, whose name heads this sketch, received his education in the log schoolhouse of his day. In 1847 he married Mary Ann, daughter of Samuel Bell, of Sugar Creek Township Wayne County, and they remained on the home stead until 1868, in which year he purchased his present farm of 200 acres, in Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County, where he has since been engaged in farming and stock raising. Eight of his children are living, as follows: J. Marshall, in Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County; Samuel A., in Nebraska ; Nathaniel C., in Sugar Creek Township; Gibson and Edwin, at home; Laura, now Mrs. Fred Ammann, of Orrville, Ohio; Violet, now Mrs. Clark Stuck, of Mount Eaton, Ohio, and Emma, now Mrs. Albert Arnold, in Sugar Creek Township. Mr. McDowell is a Republican, and has held the office of school director. He and his family are members of the Dalton United Presbyterian Church.   REV. JOHN K. YODER, bishop of the Amish Mennonite Church, lives on Section 22, in Green Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, his postoffice address being Orrville, Ohio. He comes of a family who have been residents of this country since before the Revolutionary War. His grandfather, who was brought to this country by his parents when quite young, was the oldest of the family, and to help his parents and pay for his passage he was bound out to a farmer in Berks County, Penn., serving until he was twenty-one years of age. He married Magdalena Yoder, who, although of the same name, was not a relative, and afterward removed to Mifflin County, Penn., where he died. His wife survived him many years, reaching an advanced age, and her descendants at the time of her death numbered nearly 200. Their children were three sons and five daughters, none of whom are now living.   The father of John K. Yoder, also named John, the eldest of this family,   WAYNE COUNTY - 57   was born in Mifflin County, Penn., in 1786, and died in the house of our 'subject in 1855, in his seventieth year. He was a farmer in Pennsylvania, but retired from active life a few years before coming to Ohio, to spend the remaining years of his life with his son. He was married to Mary King, a native of Berks, but reared in Mifflin County, Penn. She was born in 1790, and died in 1866, in her seventy-seventh year, having survived her husband eleven years. John Yoder had always borne the character of an upright and honest man, a useful member of the Amish Mennonite Church, and of the community in which he lived. He and his wife were the parents of four children: Jacob, who was married to Annie Yoder, removed from Pennsylvania to Mahoning County, Ohio, and from there to Michigan, where he died, his wife dying in Missouri; Magdalena is the widow of John Plank, who removed first to Logan County, Ohio, and thence to Michigan, where he died, and where his widow yet lives; Christian K. is married to Catherine Plank, and is a farmer and a minister of the Amish Mennonite Church of Logan County, Ohio; John K., who was the third in order of birth, was born in Mifflin County, Penn., January 21, 1824. He was brought up on the farm, and lived with his parents until after his marriage, when he removed to another farm in the same county. There he lived for ten years, until 1855, when he removed to Ohio, buying the farm which has ever since been his home. May 5, 1850, while still in Pennsylvania, Mr. Yoder was selected by lot as a minister of his church. He discharged his duties with such zeal and fidelity that in October, 1859, he was elected by ballot by the congregation to the high and holy office of bishop of the church, having oversight of the churches of the district, and also preaching regularly. In Mifflin County, Penn., on January 9, 1845, Mr. Yoder was married to Lydia Zook, who was born there March 18, 1827, and died at their Ohio home September 20, 1887, after a long and serious illness, which she bore with the patience and resignation of a Christian, hoping for immortality. She was a faithful wife and devoted mother, and discharged with fidelity her duties in all the relations of life. She passed from this life to the reward which awaits those who faithfully believe in Him " who doeth all things well." Mr. and Mrs. Yoder were the parents of three children who lived beyond infancy. They are Christian Z., of whom further mention is made below ; Mary Z., deceased, who was the wife of Jacob N. Yoder, of Green Township, and David Z., married to Mary Ann Smiley, a farmer in the same township.   58 - WAYNE COUNTY.   The Oak Grove Amish Mennonite Church, for which Mr. Yoder has preached so long, is the first of the denomination organized in this part of the country. At first services were held in private houses, the present church edifice being built in 1862. It has now a membership of between 400 and 500, which is about the seating capacity of the audience room, which is 43x55, with two. rooms attached which can be used as an addition. Sunday-school services are held every other Sunday, the alternate Sundays being devoted to the Sunday-school of Pleasant Hill Church, in the adjoining town of Milton. The services of Mr. Yoder have been very acceptable and of great benefit to the people under his spiritual charge. We are pleased to record this tribute to the worth of one whose life for many years has been spent in the service of the Master, and whose walk and conversation have ever been blameless and worthy of praise.   Christian Z. Yoder, the eldest son, was born in Mifflin County, Penn., November 28, 1845, and was therefore in his tenth year when his parents came to Ohio. He has followed farming all his lifetime. He was married in October, 1868, to Lydia, daughter of John and Mary Smiley. She was born in Elkhart County, Ind., December 5, 1846, and came with her parents to Wayne County in 1867. They settled on a farm adjoining Mrs. Smiley's home, and there her father died, and there her mother yet lives. Mr. and Mrs. Yoder are the parents of eight children, all yet under the parental roof. They are named John Smiley, David Amasa, Rufus Melvin, Menno Simon, Ora Christian, Mary Emma, Joseph Daniel, and an infant yet unnamed. Since the organization of the Sunday-school attached to the Oak Grove Church Mr. Yoder has been, with the exception of one term, its superintendent, and has taken a very warm interest in its affairs, and has been unceasing in his efforts for its advancement and for the religious growth of its attendants. To him much credit is due for the flourishing condition of the school. Its attendance at times is as high as 300, averaging about 250, and never, recently, has fallen as low as 200, a truly gratifying reward to all who have labored in the cause..   EUGENE GROSJEAN, son of John P. and Frances Grosjean, was born in Switzerland, in 1824. His parents immigrated to America in 1833, and located in Paint Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, where they were engaged in farming. Their family consisted of   WAYNE COUNTY - 59   ten children: Frances, Frederick, Ferdinand, Ellen, Mary, Sophia, Julia, Eugene, and two that died in infancy. Of these, Frances married Jacob Soyer, and died in Wayne County; Frederick is a resident of France; Ferdinand located in Indiana, where he died; Ellen died at the age of nineteen years; Mary married A. Flory, removed to Indiana, and is now deceased; Sophia is now Mrs. Vol Steinmetz, of Coshocton County, Ohio; Julia was the late Mrs. John Webber, of Indiana. Eugene was reared in Wayne County, and in 1849 married Eugenie, daughter of Charles E. Grosjean. He located in Paint Township, Wayne County, where he remained until 1854, when he came to Salt Creek Township, Wayne County, and purchased a farm, which he disposed of, and in 1861 bought the property he now owns. Here he and his wife reared a family of eight children: Albert, Julia, Mary, Charles, Louis, Sophia, Eugene A. and Ellen. Of these, Albert 'married Ellen, daughter of William Sauers, and is a farmer in Salt Creek Township, Wayne County, near Maysville ; Julia is now Mrs. Merian Winn, of Cedar, Rapids, Iowa; Mary is Mrs. John Mackey, of Salt Creek Township, Wayne County; Charles is at present a resident of San Francisco, Cal.; Louis is married to Elizabeth Leper, and settled in Holmes County; Sophia died when a child of nine years of age; Eugene A. is a resident of San Francisco; Cal., and Ellen remains at home. Mr. and Mrs. Grosjean are members of the Congregational Church. In politics he is a Democrat. His life may fairly be said to have been a success, and he is justly recognized as one of the able, representative men of the township.   M. L. SMYSER. Among the best known and popular citizens of Wayne County is the subject of this sketch, although yet but a young man. He was born in Wayne County, Ohio, April 3, 1851. His father, Emanuel Smyser, who was of German extraction, and spent his life as a farmer, came to Wayne County in 1832, from York County, Penn., and in 1875 he passed from earth. He married Catherine Albert, who bore him eight children, of whom seven still live, six in Wayne County and one in Detroit, Mich. He was an active Republican, and held the offices of assessor and township trustee.   M. L. Smyser, the subject of this biographical memoir, spent his early life upon the farm until fourteen years of age, when he was sent to Wittenberg College, at Springfield, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1870. Returning to his   60 - WAYNE COUNTY.   native county, he began reading law in the office of Lyman R. Critchfield, and in April, 1872, he was admitted to the bar at Columbus, by the supreme court of Ohio, and immediately opened an office in Wooster. In the fall of 1872 he wassi elected, prosecuting attorney of Wayne County; in 1873 he formed a partnership with Capt. A. S. McClure, which partnership still continues. He has always been a stanch Republican; in 1884 he was an alternate delegate to the Chicago Republican Convention; in 1888 he was sent as a regular delegate, and the same year received the nomination for Congressman in the Twentieth; District, and was elected to the LIst Congress by 2,000 majority. In 1881 Mr. Smyser was united in marriage with Miss Alice A. France, daughter of J. B. and Amy France, and a native of Wayne County, of which her father had formerly been sheriff. She is a graduate of the Delaware Female College.   DR. JOHN A. GANN was born at Waterford, N. Y., in 1848. His father, James J. Gann, was by birth an Englishman, and came to America in 1847. The paternal grandfather also came to America, the grandmother having died in Europe. The father of our subject was by trade a miller, which he learned in England. Before starting to America he was wedded to Elizabeth Adams, and together they came to the New World. In 1861, at Monroeville, Ohio, where they had settled, the father passed to his last sleep. Of their wedded life only two children were born, John A. and Lizzie (Mrs. Durbin Metz, of Wooster, Ohio).   At fourteen years of age the subject of this biographical memoir left the common schools which he had been attending, and engaged as a clerk, in which capacity he continued four years, and then entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, where he graduated in 1871. He then became superintendent of the public schools at Shelby, Ohio, and remained four years, when he turned his attention to the study of medicine at Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical College, graduating from there in 1877. He practiced a short time in Berea, and then came in March, 1877, to Wooster, where he has since made his home. In 1884 the doctor was united in marriage with Anna Metz, daughter of Jacob and Susan Metz, and a native of Wooster, Ohio, where she graduated from the high school in 1876. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. Dr. Gann is president of the State Medical Society   WAYNE COUNTY - 61   and lecturer on physiology at the Cleveland Homoeopathic College; is a member of the Odd Fellows order, Independent Order of Red Men, Knights of Pythias, Royal Arcanum and Chosen Friends. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Wooster. His home is on North Market Street, where his aged mother resides with him.   SIDNEY J. FRYER, son of William and Elizabeth Fryer, was born in 1862, in Scott Township, Allegheny Co., Penn., where he received the chief portion of his education. His father died in 1868, and his mother in 1874, when he was but twelve years of age, leaving him heir to a fine estate, and practically the arbiter of his own destiny. There were two others in his parents' family besides himself: William, who resides on the old homestead, and Jonathan, now deceased. The grandfather, William Fryer, who was a native American, and pioneer of Western Pennsylvania,* purchased the old Bower Hill farm at a very early time, and here lived until his death, which occurred in his ninetieth year. This farm was prominent as being the battle-field during the "whisky insurrection," and there is to be found an old still-house yet standing. This was heavily undermined with coal, which the subject of this sketch sold, retaining the farm. With the proceeds of the sale of coal he purchased two large farms in Clinton Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, one of 137 acres, and one of 111. In 1884 he married Laura Hastings, of Holmes County, Ohio, and settled on the farm where he now lives. Mr. and Mrs. Fryer are members of the Methodist Church. Politically he is identified with the Republican party.   WILLIAM J. LANCE is a son of Henry and Elizabeth (Hoffstatter) Lance, and was born in Milton Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, December 16, 1834. Christopher Lance, his grandfather, a native of Germany, married in New Jersey, where Henry Lance was born, and afterward settled in Jefferson County, Ohio. In 1819 Henry and James Lance came to Wayne County, Ohio, and entered a tract of land in Milton Township, where they engaged in farming, and in connection operated a distillery. Henry Lance married for his first wife Lucy Lee, and by her had five   62 - WAYNE COUNTY.   children, three of whom are living: Christopher, Catherine (widow of Isaac Weldy), Jane (widow of Henry Zeigler), all in Milton Township, Wayne Co. Ohio. By his second wife, nee Elizabeth Hoffstatter, he had children, as follows: William J.; John and Abraham, in Milton Township, Wayne Co. ; Elizabeth, wife of Allen Walker, in Michigan, and Teressa, wife of Isaac Crossman, also in Michigan. Henry Lance died April 21, 1862.   William J. Lance, our subject, was educated in the schools of his township, and has always followed farming, having lived on his present farm in Milton Township since 1864. In 1862 he married Miss Clara M., daughter of Daniel Johnson, of Milton Township, Wayne County, and she died in 1884, leaving seven children, one of whom has since died. Those now living are Alfred D., married to, Miss Hannah Chatman, and residing in Michigan; Edwin R., married to Sarah, daughter of Johnston Swagler, and residing in Milton Township; Medwin H. Winfred; Daniel Dewitt and Viva Mabel, all at home. Mr. Lance took for his second wife Mrs. Annie Swagler, widow of Jonathan Swagler. He has since served as constable for one year, trustee for five years, also school director, supervisor, etc. He is a member of Sterling Lodge No. 1818, Royal Arcanum, and is a trustee and deacon in the Baptist Church.   ANTHONY WRIGHT. This respected citizen of Wayne County was born in Loudoun County, Va. June 26, 1815. His father, also named Anthony, was of English extraction, and died in 1818, at the age of seventy-five years. He was a member of the society of Friends, or Quakers, and was married to Elizabeth Harper, also a native of Virginia, who died in Wayne County, Ohio, in 1864, aged eighty-eight years.   John Harper, the maternal grandfather of our subject, was a patriot soldier during the Revolution, and died in Virginia about the year 1828; his widow came to Wayne County, where she died about 1843.   The subject of these lines had but limited opportunities for education, and when eighteen years old was apprenticed to learn the trade of brick-laying. When about twenty years of age he came to Wayne County, and for a time worked in different places as a clerk. In 1850 he removed to St. Louis, where for three *years he was engaged in the banking business, returning to W00ster in 1853. Two years later (in 1855) he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of John and Sarah Walter, and a native of Berkeley County, now a part of West Virginia. When she was two years old her parents came to Wooster, where they passed the remainder of their days. Her father was a German   PICTURE OF ANTHONY WRIGHT - 63   64 - BLANK   WAYNE COUNTY - 65   by extraction, and was born on the high seas. Mr. and Mrs. Wright had two children, twins, one of whom died unnamed; the other, Sarah Elizabeth, is the wife of J. M. Quinby, of Wooster. The mother of these children died in 1881, aged fifty- six years.   Anthony Wright was by inheritance a slave-owner, but upon leaving Virginia set his one slave free, telling him he was a free man. The law of Virginia at that time said that any person desiring to manumit a slave must give security for his good behavior. Not being of age he could not do this, but his slave lived and died a free man, nevertheless.   Mr, Wright is in politics a Republican, and has been elected to various positions of trust in the county. He has been county treasurer, was mayor of the village of Wooster previous to its becoming a city, and has several times been a member of the council. He is a member of the K. of P., and for forty-two years has been prominently identified with the I. 0. 0. F., having held offices in that body which, taken singly, would aggregate over 100 years, He was for thirty years secretary of his lodge; for fifteen years treasurer of the Grand Encampment of Ohio, a position he still holds, and has been representative to the Grand Lodge a number of years, besides holding other positions in' the order. His success in life is solely due to his own efforts and to his business ability and tact, and his sterling character has caused him to be universally esteemed.   WILLIAM WILSON, son of James and Jane (Fife) Wilson, natives of Allegheny County, Penn., was born on the homestead in Sugar Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, January 24, 1830. His parents came to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1822, and settled on the farm now owned by their son William, which land was entered by William Wilson, the grandfather of our subject. James Wilson died in 1872, and his widow in 1874. Five children were born to this couple, viz.: John, who was murdered in Kansas; Isabella, who died in 1847; William; Mary, wife of John Weaver, of Richland County, Ohio; Sarah Jane, wife of Jonah Creits, of Ashtabula, Ohio.   Of these, William, whose name heads this sketch, attended the common schools, and has always followed farming in Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County. In 1864 he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served one hundred days. In 1874 he married Miss Letitia, daughter   66 - WAYNE COUNTY.   of Jonah Fife, of Columbiana County, Ohio, and they have one child, Emerson S., residing at home. Mr. Wilson is a member of the Republican party, and has served as school director, supervisor, etc., of the township. He and his wife are members of the Dalton Presbyterian Church.   A. M. OHL, grocer and dealer in hardware and queensware at Smithville, Ohio, is a native of Manchester, Summit Co., Ohio, born May 9, 1862. His grandparents on the paternal side. Henry and Susannah Ohl, came from Pennsylvania to Summit County at an early day, and were among the pioneers of that county, the men and women who reclaimed the land from the wilderness and helped to place Ohio in the proud rank she holds among the most prosperous and influential States in the Union. Henry Ohl was. a resident of Summit County for more than sixty years, and died there at the age of eighty-two years; his wife, Susannah, also lived to an advanced age. With the single exception of his father all of Mr. Ohl's ancestors were long-lived people. On his maternal side his grandparents were also from Pennsylvania, and they too were of these sturdy pioneers of Summit County, where both are yet living, each being ninety years of age. They had nine children, and had lived in Manchester more than fifty years, and had celebrated their golden wedding some years before a death had occurred in their family.   The father of A. M. Ohl, and who was named Solomon, was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, August 26, 1828. After his marriage he moved to Manchester, where he lived the rest of his lifetime, dying January 19, 1869, when but forty years old. He was a carriage builder, .and carried on that business in Manchester until his death. He was a than of strict religious principles, a member of the German Reformed Church, in which he was both deacon and elder. He was an honest and upright man, and had the respect of every one who knew. him. Mrs. Ohl was born in Summit County, January, 13, 1832, and is still living in Manchester, and is now the wife of Jacob H. Myers, of that place. The only child of Solomon and Anna Ohl was the subject of this sketch. He was but five years old when his father died, and he continued to live with his mother until he was twenty-one. He learned and worked at many trades. First he tried blacksmithing, which he gave up to become a teacher of penmanship. He next tried painting in oils, and afterward house painting, then 1862. side, from   WAYNE COUNTY - 67   butchering, and next kept a grocery. His next venture was in keeping a dry goods store in Orrville, this county, for more than a year ; then sold out and moved to Smithville, April 1, 1888. There he has the largest and best stocked grocery and hardware store in the town, carrying a full stock of all goods in this line.   December 17, 1885, Mr. Ohl married Miss Mary J. Fike, daughter of George and Catharine Fike, of Greene Township, Wayne County. Mrs. Ohl was born in Wayne County, October 14, 1865. Mr. Ohl is an enterprising young man, of much push and energy and much versatility, who can turn his hand to almost anything and has always been successful. He bears an excellent reputation for honesty and trustworthiness as a business man and citizen.   DANIEL LANGELL is a son of Leonard and Catherine (Rhinehart) Langell, and was born July 9, 1832, on the homestead in East Union Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. Casper Langell, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of Berks County, Penn., and a settler in Columbiana County, Ohio. He came to Wayne County about 1815, and purchased a one-half section of land, which is now occupied by the town of Apple Creek. He was an active business man, and prominent in the interest of the Lutheran Church. He gave the land and helped to erect the Presbyterian Church of which he afterward became a member. Returning to Columbiana County, he there died. Leonard, his son, was born in Berks County, Penn., in 1800. He was brought to Columbiana County when three years of age, and came to Wayne County with his parents. He remained on the homestead for some years, but finally moved to another farm one mile southwest, where he died in 1859. In many ways he was a prominent man. He erected the first grist-mill in this portion of the county, which was afterward converted into a woolen factory. A Democrat in politics, he took an active interest in the affairs of the party. He was an elder in the Lutheran Church of Franklin Township for many years. His family consisted of five children: J. Casper was killed by a runaway team of horses in 1882; Susanna is also deceased ; Elias lives in East Union Township ; Henry lives in Franklin Township ; and Daniel.   The subject of these lines was reared on the farm, and followed that occupation until failure of his health, in 1864, when he moved into Apple Creek. He was troubled with asthma, and in 1867 dis-   68 - WAYNE COUNTY.   covered the medicine which he has since manufactured, and is now widely known as " Langell's Asthma and Catarrh Remedy." December 3, 1857, he became united in marriage with Miss Margaret, daughter of Andrew Sloan, of Salt Creek Township, Wayne County. Six children have been born to them, as follows: Leonard, who died in 1884 at the age of twenty-four; Esther, Mrs. Frank S. Logan, of Ashland County, who has two children—Leonard and Grace; Charlotte Elizabeth, William Carl, Carrie Lavenia and John Truesdale, at home. Mr. Langell is a Democrat, and has held several township offices; at the present time he is notary public and mayor of the village of Apple Creek. He and his family are members of the Presbyterian Church.   A. F. MOWERY, M. D., was born in Chester Township, Wayne County, Ohio, in the year 1860, and is a son of David R. and Mary Ann (Churchman) Mowery, the former of whom was born January 8, 1828, also in Chester Township, Wayne County, and the latter near Wooster, November 2, 1828. They were married in 1840, and were blessed with four sons: William H., A. F., Irvin Q. and H. N. The parents of this family are still living in Chester Township, engaged in agricultural pursuits. The subject of this biography attended the Northern Ohio Normal School at Smithville, and, graduating from there entered Ada Normal School, where he studied one year, taking courses in music and literary branches. From Ada he removed to Wooster University, in 1882, where he took a general scientific course for one year, after which he entered the office of Dr. Leander Firestone, with whom he studied medicine two years. The Doctor graduated from the medical department of Wooster University, at Cleveland, Ohio, March 16, 1886, and located at Reeds- burgh, Plain Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, May 18, 1886. and has since here successfully -practiced medicine and surgery. The. Doctor was married, November 29, 1888, to Miss Edna L. Mowery, of Reedsburgh, Ohio. In politics he is a Democrat. He attends the services of Grace Reformed Church.   JOHN A. DYER was born in Massachusetts, October 5, 1832. In 1853 he moved to Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and engaged in milling, afterward acting as agent for the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad for thirteen years, when   WAYNE COUNTY - 69   he located at Creston, Wayne County, and embarked in the warehouse business, in which he continued until 1883. In 1882 the Creston Milling Company was organized and incorporated, with J. H. Freeman, president; W. B. Stebbins, treasurer, and John A. Dyer, secretary and general manager. The wife of Mr. Dyer was Emeline, daughter of S. S. Hastings, one of the early settlers of Medina County, Ohio. Mr. Dyer is a member of the Republican party, and was elected justice of the peace of Canaan Township, but after serving two years he resigned. He is a member of Cataract Lodge 295, I. 0. 0. F., of Newburgh, Ohio, and is an elder in the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Dyer stands high in the estimation of the community in which he lives, and enjoys the confidence of the people.   SAMUEL HARRISON MILLER, manufacturer of agricultural implements, Doylestown, Ohio, was born in Northampton County, Penn., May 28, 1839, a son of John and Susan (Bauer) Miller, natives also of Northampton County, his father born November 15, 1802, and his mother born October 29, 1798. In May, 1843, his parents moved to Summit County, Ohio, and settled in Norton Township, where his father still lives. His mother died March 7, 1886. They had a family of twelve children, eight of whom—three sons and five daughters—are still living. Samuel H. Miller was reared in Summit County, Ohio, and was given good educational advantages, attending the district schools, and later the Akron High School. He remained on the farm until twelve years of age, and then obtained employment as clerk in a dry goods store at Akron, which he followed six years, and in 1857 returned to the farm in Norton Township, where he remained about six .years. December 15, 1863, he came to Doylestown, and for two years was employed as clerk by Cline, Seiberling & Hower, manufacturers of reapers and mowers. September 1, 1865, he became a member of the firm of Cline, Seiberling & Co., which was subsequently changed to Seiberling, Miller & Co. This is one of the largest manufacturing establishments of the kind in the county, and they :employ a number of hands, and in connection with J. F. Seiberling & Co., of Akron, Ohio, have entire control of the manufacture of the Empire mowers, reapers and self-binders, which are sold in every State in the Union. Mr. Miller was married August 29, 1867, to Ella L. Schneider, who was born in Montgomery County, Penn., January 27, 1847, a daughter of Alfred and Clarissa (Clewell)   70 - WAYNE COUNTY.   Schneider, both natives of Pennsylvania, her father of Montgomery County, born March 1, 1813, and her mother of Northampton County, born September 14, 1820. They moved to Norton Township, Summit Co., Ohio, in 1852, and still reside there. Of a family of seven children, six daughters are living.   Mr. and Mrs. Miller have had a family of eight children, of whom four—Alfred J., William R., Sydney L. and Lucile M.— are living. In politics Mr. Miller is a supporter of the principles of the Republican party, but is in no sense a politician or office seeker, the only public office he ever held being that of member of the Board of Education, and village treasurer. He was reared in the faith of the Lutheran Church, but is not a member of any religious denomination.   SOLOMON S. FIRESTONE is a representative of one of the most prominent families of Wayne County, Ohio. His parents were David and Elizabeth (Rice) Firestone, the latter being a daughter of Christian and Charlotte (Hine) Rice. The family of David Firestone consisted of eight children, viz. : Lydia, John, Rice, David R., Simon B., Solomon S., Jacob H. and Peter C. The father was a farmer, and at his death owned a valuable farm of 130 acres, which is now the property of his youngest son, Peter C. He was a representative citizen of Wayne County, but died before his fond hopes for its future were realized, his death occurring September 25, 1851, when in the prime of his vigorous manhood, being only forty-two years of age. He left a large family of children (the eldest, the only daughter, being but fifteen years old ) in care of the devoted wife, who with the love of a faithful mother cared for the children and lived to see them all arrive to the years of majority, married and comfortably located on valuable farms of their own. The wife remained a widow, and died March 24, 1884, aged seventy-three years.   Solomon S. Firestone, the subject of our sketch, is a native of Wayne County, and in the common schools of the county of his birth received his early education, supplementing it by attending the academies at Hayesville, Smithville and Fredericksburgh. For twelve years he devoted the greater part of his time to school-teaching, and, by an economical use of his earnings and with what he inherited from his parents' estate, became the owner of 130 acres of valuable land, to which he now gives his attention, and, under his skillful management, it is becoming one of the best farms in his township. Mr.   WAYNE COUNTY - 71   Firestone is one of the respected citizens of Chester Township, and has served a number of years as justice of the peace, although he has no aspirations for political honors. He has been a faithful servant for his fellow-townsmen, who regard him with the esteem he justly merits. He was married in 1878 to Miss Alice McFadden, daughter of William McFadden, of Chester Township. To them have been born two children, John A. and Luther Z. Mr, and Mrs. Firestone are members of the Lutheran Church. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party.   HENRY BAUM, one of the successful practical farmers of Wayne Township, is a native of Berks County, Penn., where he was born in 1823. He is the son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Van Reed) Baum, who were the parents of nine children, eight of whom are living. Daniel Baum was a farmer in Berks County, and later in life engaged in merchandising. He was pronounced an honest and upright man by all who knew him. Henry Baum was educated in the public schools of his native county, and has followed the vocation of a farmer ever since he left his father's home. In 1846 he was married to Elizabeth Zacharias, daughter of Daniel Zacharias, of Pennsylvania. Nine children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Baum, as follows: Mandilla, William, Daniel, Charles (deceased), Henry, Maberry (deceased), Emma, Kate and Mary Sarah.   Mr. Henry Baum came to NV ayne County in 1863, with his wife and family, and bought 160 acres of land in Wayne Township. He has since made several additional purchases, and now owns 179 acres of land. He once owned the farm now occupied by the Children's Home of Wayne County, which he sold to the county commissioners. Mr. Baum has been successful in business affairs, and is now the owner of as fine and comfortable a home as any farmer in Wayne Township. He is a member of the Reformed Church, and in politics is a Democrat. He possesses the esteem and cordial goodwill of all who know him.   SAMUEL SAURER was born in Switzerland, September 27, 1825, son of John and Elizabeth (Plucks) Saurer, who immigrated to America in 1828, being sixty days on the ocean. From New York they went to Cleveland, Ohio, and from there by wagon to Wayne County, where they located on a farm in   72 - WAYNE COUNTY.   Sugar Creek Township, and there lived the remainder of their days. Samuel Saurer, the subject of this biographical memoir, was reared on this homestead, and was early put to hard work. His education was conducted in German, and he was unable to read or write English. In 1868 he purchased his present fine farm at Moscow, on the State road, where he has since resided. In 1849 he married Miss Gertrude Cooper, of Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County, and by this union there are four children, viz.: John, in Orrville, Ohio, married to Mary Graber; Josephine, now Mrs. John Lugenbuhl, of Dalton, Ohio; Ella, now Mrs. George Shultz, also of Dalton, and Minnie, now Mrs. Melvin Bechtel, of Orrvine, Ohio. Mrs. Saurer died April 10, 1889. Mr. Saurer and family are members of the Orrville German Reformed Church; politically he is a Democrat.   ALBERT McFADDEN was born about three miles east of Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, December 3, 1817. In the old log school-house, and by the old-fashioned tallow dips, his rudimentary education was received, and of such a primitive nature was it that he never saw the inside of a grammar or geography until he was seventeen years of age. As Mr. Albert McFadden quaintly expresses himself, he was "born in a log cabin, rocked in a sugar trough, clad in linsey-woolsey, and schooled in the old log schoolhouse." He was brought up entirely to farm life, and at the age of twenty-one began for himself on the old homestead.   When twenty-six he took to himself a life partner in the person of Sarah Notestine, only daughter of Jonas and Elizabeth (Sumner) Notestine, of Canaan Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, and to this union have been born three children, Nancy, Mary and Laura, the latter now Mrs. Newton P. Garrettson, of Topeka, Kas. About 1865 Mr. McFadden moved into the city of Wooster with his family, in order to have his daughters educated there, and after four years they returned to the farm. In the spring of 1881 he purchased his present pleasant home near Wooster, having retired from active life, and here in the bosom of his amiable family he has since dwelt. Mr. McFadden's success in life is due entirely to his assiduous application to work and untiring energy. When a young man he studied so closely that, in spite of the many obstacles he encountered in his efforts to obtain a good education, he made himself competent to fill the position of schoolteacher. He was Wayne County's corresponding secretary of the Ohio Centennial Celebration, a position he filled now owned by John W. Miller. William Weiler was a man of excellent character, well liked by all