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300 - WAYNE COUNTY parents died. They were of German birth, and were early settlers of Wooster, coming to that place from Pennsylvania. Of this union three children were born: Charles, Anna and Jennie, all still under the parental roof. Mrs. Horn, her eldest daughter and son are members of the church. Mr. Horn is a member of the Odd Fellows order and the Grand Army of the Republic. In politics he is a stanch Republican. He has made his way in the world unassisted, and from a small beginning has hewed out for himself an honorable position and a comfortable competence, besides gaining the universal good-will and esteem of those who know him as an honorable man.   JOSEPH DAVIDSON (deceased) was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., in 1821, a son of Jacob and Mary (Young) Davidson, who were the parents of ten children, five sons and five daughters. Joseph Davidson remained in his native county until 1863, when he came to Wayne County, Ohio, and bought 253 acres of land in Wayne Township, which he made his home the rest of his life. Mr. Davidson was a hard-working man, and his success in life was due largely to his own labor, economy and good management. He gave his children good educational advantages, and thus fitted them for the responsibilities of life. He was a kind and indulgent husband and father, a good neighbor, and was respected by all who knew him. He was married in 1844 to Lucinda M., daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Wood) Phillips, of Fayette County, Penn., and to them was born a family of nine children: Jacob, Daniel, Samuel, Hannah Jane, Sarah E., Mary, Bertha L. and Joseph N. (deceased), and Anne M. In politics Mr. Davidson was a Republican. He was a member, as are also his family, of the River Brethren Church. He died July 23, 1883, aged sixty-two years, three months and ten days.   I. 0. SMYSER, farmer, Chester Township, is a native of Chester Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, born November 16, 1856, and is one of the representative young men of his county. His parents, Martin and Anne (Boffenmyre) Smyser, had a family of seven children, but three of whom are living, viz.: Elizabeth, wife of Rev. A. Z. Thomas; Emma, now Mrs. Maurer, and I. 0. Martin Smyser was one of the well-to-do men of the county. In early life he was engaged in milling and distilling, but subsequently he devoted his attention to agriculture. WAYNE COUNTY - 301 He was a devoted member of the Lutheran Church. He died January 2, 1887, aged seventy-eight years. His widow is now living in her home at Reedsburgh. I. 0. Smyser has from his youth devoted his attention to farming, and now owns 140 acres of valuable land. He was married in 1880 to Miss Edith Falor, daughter of George W. Falor, of Wooster, Ohio. Mr. Falor died October 25, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Smyser have one daughter, Delpha May, born August 6, 1887. In politics Mr. Smyser is a Republican. He is a member of the Lutheran Church: JOHN B. HORN, member of the firm of Horn Bros., bakers and confectioners, Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, was born in that city, September 20, 1842. His father, John Philip Horn, was born near Worms, Hesse-Darmstadt, (where his ancestors had resided for many generations), and died December 12, 1888. He immigrated to America in 1838, coming to Wooster, and soon after was married to Miss Barbara Speng, a native of France, who came to this country with her parents about 1828 or 1829. They settled in Wayne County, Ohio, where both her father and mother died. John P. Horn and wife had twelve children, of whom the following nine yet survive: Henry, a baker, now in Wooster, this county; Edward, who is a jeweler, lives in Lima, Ohio ; Emma is wife of Hiram Plank, of Galion, Ohio ; Julius is a machinist, now in Wooster; William is in McClure's grocery,in Wooster; Catherine, Tillie, Philip L. and John B. When our subject was a young man he learned the trade of shoe-making in Wooster, at which he worked until the spring of 1862, when he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Second Ohio Infantry, and served nearly three years in the ranks of his country's defenders. For a part of this time he was confined in the hospital six weeks, and on May 18, 1865, was honorably discharged, but was unable to leave the hospital until June, when he returned to Wooster, and there spent the following year in regaining his lost health. In the spring of 1866 he formed the present existing partnership with his brother, P. L, (of whom see a sketch elsewhere in this volume), and they have since successfully conducted the bakery business. In July, 1867, John B. Horn was united in marriage with Miss Odelia, daughter of R. H. and Catherine Laubach, and a native of Pennsylvania. Both her parents are now living. To Mr. Horn and wife have been born four children: Allie, Lillie and Harry, living under the pa- 302 - WAYNE COUNTY.   rental roof, and Florence (deceased ). Mr. Horn is a worthy citizen of Wooster, where he has spent his entire life, with the exception of the time he was in his country's service, and no man in it bears a higher character for integrity. He is succeeding in his business, and his success is well deserved. Politically the Republican party finds in him a warm supporter, and the G. A, R.. counts him among its worthy' members.   GEORGE W. BLANDFORD, of the ( firm of Logan & Blandford, of Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, was born in London, England, July 5, 1852. George Blandford, his father, was a book-keeper in his native land, and was there married to Sarah Stone, whose parents both died in England, where she was born. By this union they have a family of six children, all now residents of Wayne County. The family came to America in 1858, locating first in Stark County, Ohio, but the following year they removed to Wooster, since which time the father has been in the employ of the Wooster Gas Company.   The subject of these lines was educated in the common schools of Wooster, and when about eighteen years old began learning the plumbing and gas-fitting trade in Wooster, following that trade there for six years. Four years succeeding that time he was engaged in the hardware business in Apple Creek, in Wayne County, and then for seven years was in the grocery trade in that place. In 1888 he formed the partnership with his father-in-law. In 1872 he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Ida Logan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Logan. One child has been born to them, whom they have named Earl Allison Blandford.   Mr. Blandford and family are active and respected members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is an advocate of the principles of the Republican party; socially he is a member of the Odd Fellows order. He has earned by a life of industry and honorable conduct the success which he has made, and, starting with no assistance, he has been the architect of his own fortunes, having supported himself since he was twelve years of age, and acquired his own education. To-day none of the younger business men of Wooster is held in higher esteem than George W. Blandford.   SOLOMON R. KING, farmer on Section 13, Greene Township, Wayne County, is a son of Jacob and Rebecca (Zook) King. He was the fourth   WAYNE COUNTY - 303   of the children, and was born on the homestead in Greene Township, December 9, 1846. He was brought up to farming, at which he worked summers while young, attending the district schools in the winters. He continued to live with his father until his marriage, when he bought from his wife's father the farm which has ever since been his home. The log cabin in which they first lived is still standing, and is regarded with considerable affection by the family, all the children except the youngest having been born in it. It has witnessed their early sorrows, and resounded with their shouts of mirth. The fine house and outbuildings were erected by Mr. King, and his farm has been brought into an excellent state of cultivation.   December 19, 1867, he was married to Miss Lydia, daughter of Stephen Shrock, one of the first settlers in Wayne County. Mr. and Mrs. King are the parents of six children, still living under the parental roof. Their names are Noah William, born January 26, 1869; Amelia, born September 13, 1871; Sarah M., born March 29, 1S74; David E., born September 21, 1876; Ira S., born November 18, 1878, and Harvey J., born November 29, 1884. Mr. King's life-long occupation has been that of a farmer, never having engaged in any other occupation. He and his wife are members of the Oak Grove Mennonite Church, and among the best known and most highly respected citizens of Wayne County. He holds a foremost rank as a man of integrity and irreproachable character.   WENDELL YOUNG. This well-known citizen of Wooster was born in Germany, July 12, 1820, where his father, Wendell Young, Sr., died. He was married to Dorothea Montz, who bore him seven children. Two of these are now living in Wayne County, our subject and his sister Lena. When twenty-six years of age our subject immigrated to America, locating in Wooster, this county, which has ever since been his home. In 1848 he was married to Miss Rosa Hahn, also of German birth, and they became the parents of seven children, as follows: Rosa, now wife of William Shibley, of Wooster; Edward, Amelia, Kate, Anna and Albert, all living at home, and August, who is deceased.   When Mr. Young first came to Wooster he worked at odd jobs, or whatever he could find to do. Being both industrious and frugal, and having the aid of a faithful wife, he prospered, and in 1864 erected a brewery, which he operated until 1878, when it burned down. He then erected another building, and started a bottling   304 - WAYNE COUNTY   works for beer, mineral waters, etc., and in that business has continued until the present time. He has made his own way in the world, starting poor and without any help, and has attained an honorable position, both financially and socially, his success being the result of his own industry and thrifty habits, and the honorable name he bears, which has contributed largely to his success. He has helped every movement for the benefit of his adopted city, and is to-day a well-known and highly respected citizen, well spoken of by all. He and wife are members of the Lutheran Church of Wooster.   CHARLES BOYDSTON was born October 25. 1816, in Greene Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, and is a son of Thomas and Emily (Burris) Boydston, the father a native of Greene County, Pa., and the mother of Monongalia County, Va. They came to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1810, entering a tract of land in Greene Township, and after living there a few years they purchased another farm in East Union Township, where they passed the remainder of their days. The father died in Orrville in 1863, and the mother in East Union in 1824, both being prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Boydston, Sr., was thrice married. By his first wife, nee Emily Burris, he had six children, all of whom are dead except Charles, the subject of this memoir; his second wife was Mary Breakfield, who only lived a short time after marriage.   Charles Boydston, whose name heads this sketch, was reared as a farmer, an occupation he has always followed, and moved onto his present farm in East Union Township in 1852. In 1840 lie married Miss Sarah, daughter of Josiah Milbourn, of East Union Township, Wayne County. She died in 1879, leaving nine children, as follows: Sophronia, now Mrs. Henry Shriber, of Orrville, Ohio; Emeline, now Mrs. James McFadden, of Henry County, Mo.; Emily, now Mrs. Jonathan Piper, of Burt County, Neb.; Aurilla, wife of J. E. Barrett, of Wooster ; Horace G., in Nebraska; Delinda, at home; Charles W., in Henry County, Mo.; May, now Mrs. Adam D. Schultz, of Apple Creek, Wayne County, and Sarah, at home. Mr. Boydston is a Republican in politics.   EDWARD GEISELMAN, a well-known citizen of Wooster, Wayne Co., Ohio, is a native of Stark County, Ohio, born in January, 1835. His grandfather, Jacob Geiselman, was a   CHARLES BOYDSTON - 305   BLANK - 306   WAYNE COUNTY - 307   native of New York, who came to. Wooster, this county, at an early clay, where he kept the first hotel, and spent the remainder of his days. John Geiselman, father of Edward, was born in Ohio, and in his youth learned the trade of blacksmith in Wooster. Upon reaching manhood he was married in that place to Sarah Miller, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Wayne County with her parents. Of this marriage three children were born: Cyrenius, who is deceased; Charlotte, now wife of James McIntyre, and living in California, and Edward.   The subject of this biographical sketch spent his early life on the farm, and remained with his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, when he was married to Miss Emeline Culbertson, a native of Wayne County, and a granddaughter of John and Jane Culbertson, both of whom are deceased. Our subject and wife have had seven children born to them, namely: John W., Cyrenius M., Harvey, Elmer, Eli K, and Emma, all living in Wooster, and all the sons engaged in farming except Eli K., the youngest, who is in the clothing store with Mr. Sichley, and Clara Etta, now wife of Lewis Grenwald, living in Wayne County. In 1868 Mr. Geiselman engaged in the sale of agricultural implements for the McDonald Company for ten years, which connection was later dissolved, With the exception of five years, which he spent on his farm in East Union and Franklin Townships, this has been his occupation since. In 1882 he left the farm, and, coming back to Wooster, has resided there to the present time.   By perseverance and business tact Mr. Geiselman has made a success in life, and is universally recognized as one of Wayne County's substantial citizens, respected and honored wherever he is known, and the entire family stand high in the estimation of the people. In politics he is a Democrat, but his political action is guided by well-considered motives rather than by partisan feeling. Socially he is a member of the Odd Fellows order.   SHERMAN J. HUFFMAN. This popular young merchant was born in Chippewa Township, Wayne County, January 10, 1865, and is a son of Daniel V. and Catherine (Wilhelm) Huffman. His paternal grandfather and great-grandfather settled in Chippewa Township, this county, in 1814. Our subject was reared in his native township, and was educated in the public schools of Doylestown. In 1883 he engaged in the drug business in Doylestown, as a partner with Charles McCormish, with whom be   308 - WAYNE COUNTY.   was associated six months. In 1885 he entered the employ of the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railroad Company as agent for their Doylestown trade, which position he held eight months. In October, 1886, he embarked in the boot and shoe business, and by his uniform courtesy to all and strict attention to the wants of his customers he has built up a large business, which is daily increasing. November 16, 1887, he married Minnie B., daughter of Jacob Hollinger, of Clinton, Ohio. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and Knights of Pythias. In politics he is a Republican.   ROBERT ORR (deceased) was born in- East Union Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1818, and died in Canaan Township, same county, in 1866. His father, Hugh Orr, was a native of Ireland, and one of the very early settlers of Wayne County. He married Nancy Steele, and entered a tract of land in East Union Township; afterward moved to Canaan Township. Robert Orr was reared on the farm, and always followed an agricultural life. In 1846 he married Miss Castilla, daughter of Thomas and Jemimah. Dawson, natives of Western Virginia, and settlers in Milton Township, Wayne County, Ohio, and after their marriage they located on. a farm in Canaan Township. Mr. Orr was a member of the Whig and afterward of the Democratic party, and filled the township offices of assessor, constable, school director, etc. He was a prominent member of the Jackson Presbyterian Church for many years, ,having united with it when twenty-two years of age. Only one child. was born to him: Wilson Shannon Orr, who was born in Canaan Township, December 28, 1847. He was reared on the farm, and educated in the township schools and the Smithville and Canaan Academies, attending also Mount Union College for one term. After the death of his father, he remained on the homestead for a few years, and was engaged in teaching school. He then attended the Western Reserve College, near Cleveland, from which he graduated at the age of twenty-four years. Soon after this Mr. Orr was united in marriage with Martha, daughter of Zenos Z. Crane, of Jackson, Wayne County. He then entered the law office of Col. Wiley, at Wooster, and in due time was admitted to the Wayne Count) bar, where he practiced his profession until his death, which occurred September 1, 1888. He was one of the bright young attorneys of the Wooster bar, and his future was full of hope. He was Republican in politics, and a strong sup.   WAYNE COUNTY - 309   porter of the temperance cause. Like his father, he joined the Jackson Presbyterian Church at an early age, and was one of its prominent members. His widow and three children, Ethel, Gertrude and Robert, reside in Wooster, Ohio. Mrs. Castilla Orr, the widow of Robert Orr, still resides on the homestead in Canaan Township, in the enjoyment of good health, at the age of seventy years.   MISS SARAH GRADY. This estimable lady is a native of Greene Township, Wayne County, and a daughter of John and Elizabeth Grady, who came from Pennsylvania in 1818, and settled upon a farm in the township named, when it was covered with dense forest, which the pioneers had to cut away to make room for their log cabin. The father was a cooper by trade, but after settling in this county gave his attention principally to this farm. His parents were natives of Pennsylvania. The pioneer and his family lived the usual life of those brave and hardy spirits who rescued this beautiful and fertile land from the primeval forest, making it one of the most productive parts of this rich commonwealth. Hardships were cheerfully endured, of which the present generation know but little, except by hearsay, and the reward was the broad and fertile acres which gradually took the place of the forest, leveled by the ax. To this worthy couple were born eight children, three of whom are now living. The wife and mother passed from earth in January, 1861, aged sixty-five years, having been born November 8, 1795, the husband and father following her to the grave in June, 1864, at the ripe age of seventy-nine years, being born November 25, 1785. They were upright, God-fearing people, and were universally respected.   The subject of this sketch was born May 17, 1818, just after her parents came to Wayne County, and she remained with them as long as they lived, helping, even as a child, in the necessary work of the pioneer, often rolling logs, burning brush, and doing any manual work of which she was capable. She was also taught to spin, and was, and is yet, capable of doing good work. At the death of her father she inherited the homestead, on which she lived until 1868, when she sold it and removed to Wooster, which has since been her home. The life of Miss Grady has been a busy one, and she has been a witness of and participant in the work of building up this county to its present proud position. The incidents of her early life are yet fresh in her memory, and her recital of them is interesting. When she first   310 - WAYNE COUNTY.   attended school she had to go by a blazed path through the woods to the old log school-house, where the rudiments of education were instilled into the minds of the children of the pioneers. Her parents were members of the Baptist Church (as she had been all her adult life), and services were held in their house for many years. She well remembers attending church at the court-house in Wooster when guards were placed at the doors.   Miss Grady has ever been noted for benevolence, and a desire to do all the good she could to her fellow-beings. She adopted a soldier's orphan, Sadie Frazier, then a young child, but who now, grown to womanhood, still makes her home with her foster-mother, for whom She has all a child's love and respect. Miss Grady has a brother, Israel Grady, living in Wayne County, where he is well known, and she has one living in Kansas. For her many admirable traits of character, and her charity and benevolence, this much esteemed lady is justly held in high regard in the county of her birth.                THOMAS McELHENIE AND DESCENDANTS. The McElhenie family has been prominently Identified with the history and affairs of Chippewa Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, and, to a greater or less extent, with the county itself, for more than half a century, and it is fitting that mention of the family should be made in this work. Thomas McElhenie was of Scotch-Irish descent, his paternal ancestors coming from the land of Burns and Scott, and those on his maternal side from the "Emerald Isle." There is no authentic record of their immigration to America, nor of the early history of the family prior to the advent of the member whose name heads this sketch. Thomas McElhenie was born in Huntingdon County, Penn., March 26, 1787, and was one of e large family of children. That he stood in a line of multiplying people is evidenced by the fact that persons of the same name, whose ancestry hailed from the same locality, are widely and thickly scattered over the country (many of them having come directly from Great Britain ), and by the further fact that his own posterity comprise no inconsiderable number. In his early years he taught school, afterward engaging in agricultural pursuits. December 12, 1812, he married Margaret Eaken, of Centre County, Penn. also of Scotch-Irish parentage. Her father was the youngest of eleven brothers -and of her own family but little is known except that two of her brothers, Bober and Andrew Eaken, were afterward residents of Chippewa Township, Wayne   WAYNE COUNTY - 311   County, the latter having been an ensign with Commodore Perry in his famous battle on Lake Erie, and the fourth man to board the British fleet. Mr. McElhenie lived for fifteen years on one of the many farms owned by James Duncan, in Penn's Valley, and in the winter season was one of the many who carried on trade between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia by teaming across the mountains. To him were born nine children, six sons and three daughters. Two sons died in infancy, and the rest of the children were as follows: William, John, Margaret C., Elizabeth K., James E., Thomas J. and Jane. In 1833 Mr. McElhenie made a prospecting tour to Ohio, and in May, 1834, he purchased eighty acres of land near Easton, in Chippewa Township, on the bank of the Big Chippewa Creek, and opened a tavern, which he kept several years. In 1844 he sold his farm, and located in Easton, where he built a large house, at the east end of the village, now owned and occupied by his youngest son, Thomas J. Before he left Pennsylvania he had held the office of Justice of the Peace, his commission from Gov. Gregg being still in the possession of his son, Thomas J. Scion after coming to Ohio he was elected to the same office, which he continued to hold for several terms. As a magistrate he always endeavored to induce litigants to compromise rather than to go on with a suit. Upon his first election his wife's nephew, John Eaken, then a cabinet-maker in the neighborhood, said: " Now, uncle, you must have a chair and desk in keeping with the dignity of your office," and made the same, which are still in possession of the son, who for many years used them in his administration of the same office (as will be mentioned farther on). Mr. McElhenie was a man of sterling character, one of the sturdy yeomanry who braved the trials of pioneer life, and out of the wild chaos forged the chain of civilization which brought the great State of Ohio to its present proud position in the galaxy of States. Some time after moving over to the village Mr. McElhenie opened a store, afterward taking his youngest son, Thomas J., into partnership with him, and they continued in business there until a short time before the War of the Rebellion, when they were overcome by the effects of the panic of 1857. Mr. McElhenie afterward lived the quiet life suited to his years, and on April 23, 1871, he died, at the age of eighty-four years. His wife, Margaret, born July 12, 1793, survived until November 22, 1874, when she died at the residence of her youngest daughter, Mrs. Jane Brattin, near Easton. Of their children, William, who was a tailor by trade, was twice married, and died at Mendota, Ill. (a portion of his family now reside at La Salle, Ill. ) ; John married Sarah Brouse, and reared a   312 - WAYNE COUNTY.   large family (they now reside in Steuben County, Ind.) ; Margaret C. married Ephraim Martin, and became the mother of four children (he is dead, and she lives with a daughter at Mogadore, Ohio) ; Elizabeth K. married Michael D. Dague (they live in Doylestown, Ohio, and are referred to at length elsewhere in this work) ; James E., who was twice married, and reared a large family, is now a resident of Steuben. County, Ind.; Thomas J. ; Jane, the youngest, married George W. Brattin (they now live in Williams County, Ohio).   Thomas J. McElhenie was born in Centre County, Penn., July 4, 1826, the day upon which ex-Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died, and was named in honor of the latter. He was reared in Chippewa Township from eight years of age, and his education was obtained at the district schools, the famous McGregor Academy, at Wadsworth, and under " Priest " Abbott, the Presbyterian minister at Doylestown. Like his father, he taught school for some time, then went into the store with his father. March 22, 1848, Mr. McElhenie married Sarah B., daughter of Abram Van Eman, a stanch Presbyterian farmer of Lawrence Township, Stark Co., Ohio. Upon the failure of the firm, in 1859, and during the auction sale which followed, he kept a restaurant, which grew through several stages until by 1872-73 (at the time of the building of the railroad through the village) he was occupying the old storeroom, greatly enlarged, and doing a large business. For several years he held the office of Justice of the Peace, and was also Constable and Township Trustee. In 1874 he was elected to the office of County Auditor, in which capacity he served with credit to himself and the county for four years, or two successive terms. After retiring from office he engaged in the grocery business at Wooster, Ohio, but sold out the next fall, and rementurned to Easton, where he had invested his means in land adjoining the village, which he still owns and cultivates. After returning to Chippewa Township he was elected Constable until the office of Justice of the Peace became vacant, when he was again chosen to that office, holding the same until 1888, when he declined to serve longer, saying that, as he had held the office seven terms, or one term longer than any other man in the township, he felt that his ambition ought to be satisfied. His children were nine in number, of whom four grew to maturity, viz. : Thames D., James V., Mary B. and Lillian M. Of these, Thomas D. learned the drug business in Wooster, graduating at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1872, and is now a prominent druggist of Brooklyn, N. Y. He married Miss Belle Osborne, of Wooster. Ohio. James V.,   WAYNE COUNTY - 313   the second son, was brought up behind the counter in hIs father's store; attended Smithville High School a few terms; taught school one term; occupied various clerical positions, including about two years' service in the County Auditor's office with his father, and upon the retirement of the latter he purchased the office of the Journal newspaper at Doylestown from its founder, G. W. Everts, which he conducted until 1883, in which year, on account of ill health, he sold out to G. A. Corbus, of Wooster. March 29, 1881, Mr. McElhenie married Miss Laura J. France, of Wooster, one of whose grandfathers was John Lehman, who died in Wayne Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1886, at the age of ninety-four. She died October 27, 1883, leaving one child, Paul. After a variety of experiences, six months in Nebraska; two years of farming, and the establishment of the Sun newspaper at Fredericksburgh, together with its management for nine months, Mr. McElhenie again found himself, in October, 1887, in charge of the Doylestown Journal, under a lease. In March following he purchased the office outright, and continues in charge at this writing. On December 13, 1888, Mr. McElhenie again entered the marriage relation, his wife being Miss Anna Hawkins, of Fredericksburgh, a granddaughter of Joseph Hawkins, one of the early set- tiers of the county. Her father was chief musician of the One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, during the War of the Rebellion, and was confined in Libby and Camp Ford (Tyler, Tex.) prisons. Mary B. and Lillian M. remain at home in Easton with their parents.   MRS. MARY JANE MYERS. This well-known lady has been a resident of Wayne County all her life, having been born in Wooster Township, May 22, 1824. Her father, John Kauke, a native of Holland, came to America with his parents when a small boy. They stopped for a time in Pennsylvania, when Christopher, grandfather of Mrs. Myers, came to Wayne County, in which he passed the remainder of his life. The family made the journey in covered wagons. John Kauke grew to manhood in Pennsylvania, and there learned the trade of shoe-making. He was married to Miss Mary Hoover, who was born about seven miles from Wilkes Barre, Penn., in which State both her parents died. John Kauke and his wife came to Wayne County about 1816, and he there engaged in the manufacture of brick, making some of the first ever burnt in   314 - WAYNE COUNTY.   Wooster. Both he and his wife died in this county.   When she was seventeen years of age Mary Jane Kauke was united in marriage with John Myers, a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, whose father, also named John, was born in Pennsylvania, and came as a pioneer to Wayne County. The latter was a wagoner, and teamed between Baltimore and Pittsburgh when goods were transported altogether by. wagon. John Myers; husband of our subject, learned the trade of carpentering in his native county, and worked at it after coming to this county. For three years after their marriage the young couple lived in what is known as the haunted house, in Wooster Township. On the death of his mother they went to live with his father, staying with him two years, and then removing to a farm in Chester Township, remaining on it for twelve years. His father dying, they again went to the old homestead for three years, after which they returned to their own farm. In 1870 the family removed to the house the father had built in Wooster, which is Mrs. Myers' present home, and lived there five years, but in the fall of 1873 death took from the family circle two sons and a daughter-in-law, and the afflicted parents again rementurned to their farm, trying by active labor to assuage their grief. In the spring of 1884 the grim reaper again invaded their hearthstone, this time taking away the husband and father, at the age of sixty-seven years. John Myers was a prominent man in the county, and exercised a considerable influence in its affairs. He was well known and much respected by those who knew him, and left behind not only a competence, but the better heritage of a good name. In politics he was a stanch Republican, and while a resident of Chester Township was for many years township assessor and township trustee.   By her marriage with Mr. Myers our subject became the mother of eight children, of whom we make the following record: John H. died in childhood; Walter M. entered the army during the Civil War, in the 100-day men, and died while in the service, of typhoid fever; Samuel B., or " Doc.," as he was familiarly called, is also deceased, he and his wife dying a few hours apart, of typhoid fever, leaving two children, Sydney D. and Laura B., who are being reared and educated by Mrs. Myers ; the next in order of birth is Mary Ellen, who is now Mrs. Snyder, of Chester Township; Charles is deceased; Brown is living in Nebraska ; Grant is a book-keeper, and makes his home with his mother; and an infant, who died unnamed, completes the list. The fall following her husband's death Mrs. Myers came back to Wooster, and has since made her home in her pleasant   WAYNE COUNTY - 315   house on Sayboldt Avenue. For forty-eight years Mr. Myers has been a member of the Baptist Church, and his widow has now been a member for the same number of years. All the children who grew to maturity also became members of the same church. The family is one of the oldest and best known in the county, and will long be remembered as among its worthy pioneers. They are esteemed and respected by every person with whom they come in contact.   WILLIAM B. TAYLOR, a son of Joseph Taylor, and grandson of John Taylor, was born in Canaan Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, August 18, 1849, and grew to manhood on the old home place in Canaan Township, which was entered by his grandfather, John 'Taylor. The latter was a native of Crawford County, Penn., and came to Wayne County, Ohio, in an early day, being among the early settlers of the county. He died aged ninety-four years. Joseph Taylor, father of William B., was a native of Wayne County, born in Canaan Township in 1814, and died May 18, 1870; his wife was Lucinda, daughter of Jacob Hartman, and was born near Troy, Ashland Co., Ohio. In his father's will William B. Taylor was named as the executor of the estate, and this trust he fulfilled with admirable satisfaction to all the heirs. The subject of this memoir received a common-school education, and was brought up to farm life.   December 7, 1871, he married Miss Jane, daughter of William Kiser, one of the first settlers of Congress Township, Wayne County, and to this union four children were born: Kiser W., born March 14, 1875 ; Nellie M., March 23, 1877 ; Norah A., January 12, 1879, and Clyde E., July 15, 1886. Mr. Taylor is at present a member of the Board of Trustees for Congress Township, and is serving his third term. He and his wife are prominent members of the United Brethren Church. They own between them 262 acres of as fine land as can be found in the State of Ohio.   GEORGE STROCK, son of Conrad , and Mary (Wyrick) Strock, natives - of Dauphin County, Penn., was born in that county and State September 22, 1825, in November of which year the family moved to Wayne County, Ohio, first locating on what is now known as the Smith farm, in Plain Township. After remaining there four years, they moved into Wooster Township, where the parents spent the balance of their lives. They   316 - WAYNE COUNTY.   were prominent members of the German Lutheran Church. Conrad Strock was in early days an active Democrat, but. later became a member of the Whig party, and held several township offices. Four of the children of Conrad and Mary Strock are yet living, viz.: Catherine, wife of Abraham Bechtel, in Plain Township, Wayne County ; George; Jacob, in Holmes County, Ohio, and Daniel, on the homestead.   Of these, George was' reared on the farm, receiving an ordinary education, which he obtained by attending the winter terms of school, working during the summer months. In 1848 he married Miss Mary A., daughter of Peter Baumgardner, of Wooster Township, Wayne County, and four children have been born to them, as follows: James Finley, in Plain Township, Wayne County, married Elizabeth Lowe, daughter of Benjamin Lowe, of Plain Township, and has five children: Ira Benjamin, M. Lunettie, M. Luella, George 0. and Bessie; Daniel W., in Wooster Township, Wayne County, married Addie Troutman, daughter of Philip Troutman, also of Wooster Township, and has four children: Franklin, Jay, Earl and an infant; Leander C., of Lake County, Ohio, has been twice married (his first wife died without issue; his present wife was Flora Cook, of Lake County, Ohio, and by her he has one child, Wilber Conrad) ; George B., living at home, married Kate Moore, daughter of Bryson Moore, and has one child, Genevieve B. Mr. Strock moved to his present farm of 165 acres, in Plain Township, Wayne County, in 1864. He has held the office of trustee of Clinton Township,. Wayne County, also several offices in Plain Township. He is identified with the Republican party. He and his wife are prominent members of the Millbrook Baptist Church.   JOHN LONG, JR. This well-known native citizen of Wayne County, now residing in the city of Wooster, was born in Wayne Township, four miles north of Wooster, on September 12, 1818. His father, John Long, Sr., was born near Coleraine, County Derry, Ireland, and when fourteen years of age came to America with his parents. They landed at New Castle, Del., and making their way into Pennsylvania, located at Carlisle Barracks, in Cumberland County, removing two years later to Westmoreland County, Penn., where they settled upon a farm which is yet in possession of the family, a period now of over ninety years. There the grandparents of our subject died, and there his father grew   WAYNE COUNTY - 317   to manhood. The latter was twice married, his first wife being Miss Phoebe Baylis, who died, leaving one child, Ellen, who subsequently became the wife of George Keck, and removed to Hamilton, Butler Co., Ohio, where she died in November, 1887. The second wife of John Long, Sr., was Huldah Bird, daughter of William and Sarah (Randolph) Bird. Her mother was a descendant of a family of wealthy Boston merchants, whose property was confiscated by the British during the Revolution, because of their loyalty to the cause of the struggling colonies. John and Huldah Long became the parents of eleven children, of whom six still survive: John, whose name heads this sketch, is the eldest of the family; Mary is the wife of James T. Atkinson, and lives in Wooster; Nancy, now Mrs. Litchfield, has been twice married, her first husband being Robert De Vinnie; William is living in Clinton Township, this county ; Margaret has also been twice married, her first husband, T. Bayliss, having been killed by Indians, and she is now the wife of a cousin, Robert Long, and lives in Pennsylvania; Abalona, the last of the survivors, is wife of Champion Kinney, and lives in Canaan Township, Wayne County.   The father of our subject, with others of the family, came to Wayne County at a day when there were but few settlers within its borders, and the whole county was covered with a dense forest. He cleared a small place, and remained here until some two years after the birth of our subject, to whom succeeded a girl, and then the father and mother took their two children and all their household goods on two horses, and removed to Armstrong County, Penn., where they stayed for two years, and where one more child was born to them, being Mary, now Mrs. Atkinson, of Wooster. In Armstrong County the family had hard times, and while still a child our subject was often carried by his mother two miles, together with a bushel of corn, which she ground in a hand mill, and then carried back again for the family use, About the year 1823 the parents again came to Wayne County with their children, The journey had to be made on horseback, as there were no roads through the forest, and their only guide was a "blaze" on the trees. The father bought a farm in Congress Township, and to that place they came. There were many maple trees on the place, and the father made a sugar camp at once, as it was in sap season, and the sugar he obtained he traded for meat, pound for pound. The poverty of the family was a great bar to their early success. The father had no team, and got his land plowed by working for neighbors, who in turn would come and help him with their   318 - WAYNE COUNTY   oxen. After much hard labor, the sturdy pioneer, who had wrought manfully in the face of many discouragements, brought his land into something like a cultivated farm, and then sold it for $400. With this he was enabled to buy a better place of eighty acres, within six miles of Wooster. The land which he sold has since become valuable, as it adjoins the now flourishing village of Burbank, some of it, indeed, being within the corporation limits, and the railroad station is built upon it.   On the new farm to which Mr. Long had removed there was an unfinished log house, and in that the family lived for a time, having only a blanket for a door. This farm was also sold after a time, and the next four years were spent upon a rented farm, when the family removed to Wooster. Extreme hard toil, with the many deprivations and anxieties he endured, told upon the pioneer, and he became insane, thus putting another burden upon the brave mother and her young children. Still she fought the battle of life nobly, and in Wooster worked hard to support her young children. Our subject was the eldest, and at twelve years of age began to contribute to the -family support, earning at first eighteen cents a day., every cent of which he gave to his mother. He was continually on the lookout for work, never refusing anything by which he could honestly earn a penny. When he found nothing else to do he would go into the woods in the season and gather nuts to sell. In this way he soon became known as a bright and industrious lad, and work came to him more easily.   The progress of John Long was slow and tedious, but was certain, as he made no backward steps, and his faithfulness and the manner in which he labored to assist his mother and his helpless father and younger brothers and sisters were generally known, and inclined people to assist him. He finally secured employment with John Slone, at $8 per month in, summer, doing chores in winter for his board, and attending school as much as possible, and on Saturdays drawing wood for his mother, to add to whose comfort was his greatest desire. She was still struggling along, but as her children became older her burdens gradually became lighter, •and like her son she was held in high respect, and procured work easily in the best families in Wooster. Mr. Slone, for whom our subject was at that time working, was one of the best known men of the county, and often had business away from home, at Columbus and elsewhere. In his absence he intrusted everything to young Long, in whose capacity and fidelity he had absolute faith, which was not misplaced. The land upon which Mr. Long's house stands was, at :that time, the property of Mr. Slone, and young Long   WAYNE COUNTY - 319   bought of him the lot on which he meant to erect a home for his parents—a brave determination for a boy, but one he successfully executed. He was to pay for this land $300, and had the privilege of fifteen years' time in which to pay for it, but in three years he had it paid for. He drew stone in the evenings for the foundation, after working all day for others; dug his cellar in the same way, and after great exertions succeeded in making for his parents a home free from debt. After getting the house finished and his parents in possession of it, he went to Cincinnati, where he was employed in a commission house, and there he remained from October until the following June, when he returned home, and after working there for some time by the month, then undertook the task of driving a drove of cattle to Pennsylvania, which consumed the summer and the early fall. For a short time he was again in Cincinnati, and then returned to Wooster, where he has since made his permanent home. His father had been for nine years in an asylum for the insane, but he brought him home, and after four years in his son's house he died, in April, 1867, at the age of eighty-five years. The devoted mother, whose memory is sacred to her children, died in June, 1875, aged seventy-five years.   The life of Mr. Long had been too busy and filled with too much labor and anxieties to leave him time for social intercourse, and he remained single until he was thirty-three years of age. His marriage took place April 20, 1853, when he was united in wedlock with Miss Nancy, a daughter of Benjamin Miller, and a native of Westmoreland County, Penn. Of their union six children were born: George K., the eldest, is a resident of Wooster; Hezekiah H. and Eliza are de_ ceased ; Martha is the wife of J. W. Smith, of East Union Township; Mary Etta was accidentally killed on the railroad, and Lewis is a resident of Wayne County. Since his marriage Mr. Long has lived in the house which he built for his mother, which he has enlarged and partially rebuilt. He and his wife are sincere members of the United Presbyterian Church. When Mr. Long first attended school it was to study his a, b, c's from a "paddle," on which the letters were pasted. He kept an account of his income and expenditures on a stick, on which a certain notch meant a certain amount of money.. In this way, before he had learned to read or write, he kept all his transactions, and never made a mistake. The characteristics which distinguished him as a boy remained with him in his manhood, and were the principal factors in his success. Honest beyond question, he always paid promptly all he owed, and never was sued by any person, and has always stood as a "man   320 - WAYNE COUNTY   among men." A man of large humanity, his own early trials have made him considerate and generous to others, and he will long be remembered as a citizen who . has been an honor to his county.   GEORGE W. RICHWINE was born June 27, 1840, in Stark County, Ohio, a son of Solomon Richwine, who was born in Lancaster County, Penn., March 14, 1801, and grandson of Henry and Catherine (Rhodes) Richwine. In 1827 Solomon Richwine married Miss Eliza Oberly, of Lancaster County, Penn. In 1837 they came to Wayne County, Ohio, and in 1842 they moved into East Union Township, Wayne County, Ohio, where the wife died in 1887. Their family consisted of seven children, two of whom died in infancy; the others were Lewis, who died in 1880, at the age of thirty-five years; Rebecca, a maiden lady, at home; Isaac; Elizabeth, wife of Nathaniel Ames, of Williams County, Ohio, and George W.   The last named, the subject of this memoir, was married in 1869 to Miss Martha C., daughter of Jacob Bonewitz, and to this union were born six children, five of whom are now living: Joseph, Lewis, Rebecca, Nettie and Eliza. Mr. Richwine is a member of the Democratic party, and is school director of his township at the present time. He has a farm of eighty-five acres, and in connection works his father's farm of 168 acres, all being in East Union Township, Wayne County.   JOHN DURSTINE, farmer, is a representative of one of the old German families of America. Jacob Durstine, the pioneer of the family in this country, settled in Pennsylvania, and in that State, in Westmoreland County, his son Abraham was born. Abraham married Catherine Sherrick, and in 1826 moved to Holmes County, Ohio, and settled on a quarter section of wild land, on which he lived until 1857, when he came to Wayne County, and bought 185 acres of land in Wayne Township, where he lived until 1868, when he moved to Smithville, making that his home until his death; he died in 1878, at the age of seventy-eight years. His family consisted of six children, John being the second.   John Durstine was born in 1825, and was but three months old when his parents moved to Holmes County, Ohio. His education was limited to that obtainable in the old log school-house. Like his father, he has followed agricultural pursuits, and is now one of the prosperous farmers of   WAYNE COUNTY - 321   the township. His home farm contains 418 acres of land, 1881 acres in Paint and 224- acres in Wayne Township, and it has been secured mainly by his own efforts. He was married February 28, 1847, to Elizabeth Freed, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Newcomer) Freed, of Holmes County. Mr. and Mrs. Durstine have had eight children, viz.: Mary, an infant (deceased), Adaline, Cyrus, Lyman, Ellen, Clark and Catherine. Their son Cyrus lives on the portion of the farm lying in Paint Township, and Mr. Durstine and the rest of his family live in Wayne Township. Mr. Durstine casts his suffrage with the Prohibition party.   ISRAEL GRADY. This gentleman is a well-known native citizen of Wayne County, Ohio, having been born in Greene Township April 28, 1828. His paternal grandfather was a native of England, and immigrated to America at any early day, settling in Pennsylvania, in which State he died. John Grady, father of Israel, was born in that State, and there learned the trade of coopering. In early manhood he married Elizabeth Odenkirk, a native of the Keystone State, of German ancestry. They were the parents of eight children, three of whom are now living. In 1818 John Grady brought his family to Wayne County, settling on a farm in Greene Township. This was then a wild, unsettled place, and the farm had to be cleared from the forest. They had to endure all the discomforts and hardships of early pioneer life, but as the farm grew in beauty and value as the result of their toil, the hardy pioneer and his wife felt themselves amply rewarded by having a good home in which to rear the children rapidly growing up within their cabin walls. Mrs. Grady was the first to hear the summons of the angel of death, passing away at the age of sixty-five years. Her husband survived her until 1864, when he died at the ripe age of nearly four score. Both were sincere members of the Baptist Church of Wooster.   Israel Grady lived with his father until he was twenty-seven years of age, and in his youth took his share of the labors of the pioneer. At the age of twenty-four he was married to Miss Sophronia, daughter of Josiah and Eunice (Pratt) Mil-bourn, and born in East Union Township May 13, 1828. In 1858 Mr. Grady bought a farm in East Union Township, on which were but a few improvements, and here he and his faithful wife toiled to make for themselves and family a comfortable home, and so industriously and intelligently did they labor that their farm became known as the finest in the township. The first work'   322 - WAYNE COUNTY.   on their farm was the planting of eighteen acres of fruit trees. Mrs. Grady's father was also one of Wayne County's pioneers, coming here from Virginia with his mother at an early day, and settling in East Union Township. In 1819 he was married to Miss Eunice, a daughter of Oliver Pratt, who came to this county in 1814. Her father died in December, 1880, aged eighty-one years; the mother died in 1889, at the age of eighty-five years. Mrs. Grady was brought up as pioneer's children were in those early clays. She learned to spin and weave, was instructed in household work, and often worked in the fields, at such labor as she was equal to. She remained at home until her marriage. She and her children are members of the Baptist Church. In 1881 Mr. Grady and his wife left the farm which had for so many years been their home and came to Woos- ter, settling on a piece of land in the edge of the city, forty and a half acres of it being within the corporation limits. To get possession of this tract he had to purchase from seventeen different owners. The place was wild and barren, but he set to work to improve it with the same untiring industry which had hitherto characterized his labors. One of the attractive features of the place is a fish pond, in the excavating and preparing of which 'two years were spent. This, when finished, he stocked with carp, which are in a thriving condition, and on its surface a graceful swan floats. To-day this place is one of the most attractive homes in Wooster, and many visitors are drawn thither by its beauty and the attraction of a boat ride on the glassy surface of the lake. In the summer as many as 1,500 persons have visited it in a month.   Mr. and Mrs. Grady have two children: the eldest, Huldah (Mrs. Isaac H. Odenkirk), lives with her parents; Josiah M. lives on the home farm, in East Union Township. The life of Mr. Grady has been one of labor, and the honorable position he has attained is altogether due to the industry of himself and his capable wife. He has always been in favor of all projects whose object was to benefit the county, and he will long be remembered as one of its public-spirited and enterprising citizens.   JAMES MARTIN, son of John and Ruth (Moore) Martin, was born on Martin's Creek, Holmes Co., Ohio, October 20, 1824. His grandfather, Edward Martin, was a native American, born in Essex County, N. Y., near the New Jersey line. He removed to Beaver County, Penn., where he married Catherine McCready (also native born, but of   JAMES MARTIN - 323   324 - BLANK   WAYNE COUNTY - 325   Scotch descent), and after some years moved to New Lisbon, Columbiana Co„ Ohio, and in 1810 to what is now Holmes County, Ohio, where he was a farmer, and owner of one of the important industries of that time—a saw-mill—which supplied the surrounding county with lumber. There they both died leaving six children: Catherine, John, Abigail, Joseph, Naomi and Elizabeth, all of whom are deceased except Joseph, who is now a resident of Keokuk County, Iowa. John, first-born son of Edward and Catherine Martin, was born in Beaver County, Penn., in 1795, and with his parents moved to Ohio. In 1823 he married Ruth, daughter of John Moore, of Salt Creek Township, Holmes County, and they located in Wayne County, near Shreve, in what is now Clinton Township, where they carried on farming until the fall of 1837, when they removed to Middletown, Holmes County, and later to Salt Creek Township, same county, where they remained until their decease. Their children were James, Joseph W., John H., Mary, Susan, Sarah, Nancy J. and Edward. Of these, Joseph W. married Sarah J. Hayes, and occupies the old homestead in Salt Creek Township, Holmes County; John H. married Mary Hayes, and resides in Salt Creek Township, Wayne County ; Mary died in 1849; Susan is now Mrs. William Moore, of Salt Creek Township, Wayne County ; Sarah died in 1849; Nancy J: is now Mrs. E. L. Caseveer, of Auburn, Ind., and has .a family of four sons; Edward died when three years of age.   James, the eldest of this family, with the exception of six months, lived in Wayne County until he was thirteen years old, attending the common schools of both counties, also an academical institution in Fredericksburgh. He taught during winters and worked in summer time until his education was completed. Having chosen a professional life, he read medicine with Dr. Abbott and Dr. Bowen, both of Massillon, Ohio, and attended a course of anatomical and physiological lectures, as well as dissections, under Dr. Sheldon, at the medical college at Cleveland, entering Jefferson Medical College, from which he graduated in 1861. During the war he was manager of the aid society, and contributed largely to the support and care of soldiers' families. In 1852 the Doctor married Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Craig, of Columbiana County, Ohio, and located at East Rochester, in that county, where he first began the practice of medicine. He removed to Freder icksburgh in the fall of 1854, where he has since practiced medicine, and is now the oldest practitioner in that portion of Wayne County—a prominent and able-man. Dr. and Mrs. Martin are the parents of seven children: Florence Virginia,   326 - WAYNE COUNTY.   who died when a child; Orra, wife of John M. Kyle (they are now missionaries at Rio, Brazil, and have one child—Jessie) ; Jessie Fremont, now Mrs. William H. . Redett, of Fredericksburgh (has had two children: Alice (deceased) and Orra) ; Frank H., now of Washington Territory, married to Rose Tanner (they have two children: Derwood and Frank Roderick) ; Mary Josephine, at home with her parents; an infant, deceased, and James Sherman, now in Cincinnati, one of the editorial staff of the Post of that city.   The Doctor, realizing that "knowledge is power," gave to all his children the most reliable inheritance a parent can bestow—a thorough, to some a collegiate, education. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, in the Sabbath-school of which he is an earnest worker, and for the better part of thirty years has been a teacher. He is an active Republican and a Prohibitionist, but not a third party Man.   JAMES A. HAMILTON, editor of the Crescent, Orrville, Ohio, is a native of the State, born at New Lisbon, Columbiana County, September 10, 1841. Like so many of the descendants of the early settlers of the State, he is of Pennsylvania stock. His father, William M. Hamilton, who for almost half a century was a well-known resident of this part of the State, was born in Juniata County, Penn., in 1817, and died in Wooster, this county, March 8, 1875. In the vigor of young manhood he went to New Lisbon, where he learned the trade of wagon-making, at which he worked a number of years. Giving up his trade, he entered the hotel business, which he carried on at New Lisbon for many years. Here he became a leading member of the Democratic party, and for a long time was justice of the peace. In 1862 he removed to Wooster, Wayne County, and became proprietor of the United States Hotel. In this county he was also elected justice of the peace, and filled that office for nine years. He was also elected county auditor; was renominated, but defeated, again renominated and again elected. He served but four months of his last term, dying at the age of fifty-eight. A man of undoubted integrity, highly respected in his community, and of great decision of character, he was possessed of much influence, and had his life been spared he would have been one of the foremost citizens of the county. His wife, Isabella McKnight, came of a family well known among the early settlers of Columbiana County. She was born in New Lisbon September 10, 1813, the day on which Perry won his   WAYNE COUNTY - 327   great victory on Lake Erie, and is now living in Seville, Ohio.   James A. Hamilton, the subject of this sketch, was one of a family of nine children. At the age of fourteen he began learning the trade of a printer, at which he soon became an expert. He has worked at his trade in various cities. In 1859 he was employed in Cleveland, then in Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, again in Pittsburgh, in Chicago, Memphis, and again in Chicago, whence he went to St. Louis, where he was employed on the Missouri Republican at the time of the strike of the printers of that city, in 1864. This caused him to return home, and in February, 1865, he enlisted in the Fifth Ohio Cavalry, and joined his regiment at Durham's Station, N. C., just before the surrender of Johnston. He was subsequently detailed as clerk at Gen. Schofield's headquarters at Raleigh, and served several months, and was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, in November, 1865. The following year he was employed in the county auditor's office at Wooster, and in the spring of 1867 resumed his trade on the Wayne County Democrat. Going to Cleveland, for nearly a year he worked on the Leader, and on the establishment of the News in that city accepted the position of foreman, filling it until the paper was purchased by the Leader. After that he worked on the Cleveland Herald until his father was elected auditor of Wayne County. His previous experience in the office here became valuable, and he was appointed deputy auditor, serving two years and eight months. His experience was next brought into use in the office of W. D. Morgan, auditor of Licking County, where he served two years, and upon the re-election of his father as auditor he again became the latter's assistant until his death. Having acquired a valuable knowledge of the business of the county auditor's office, he was offered and accepted for a short time a position in the office of J. J. Sullivan, auditor of Holmes County, and upon the election of Thomas J. McElhenie as auditor of Wayne County, returned to his Wooster home, and was that gentleman's deputy for two years. Like most men brought up in the newspaper office, he again returned to his first love, and for a year and a half Mr. Hamilton became a partner in the Leetonia Reporter office, where lie acquired a flattering reputation as an editor. Selling out his interest, he was for about two years employed in the office of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, whence he rementired to purchase, in October, 1879, his present paper, the Orrville Crescent, which he has since conducted with ability and success.   Mr. Hamilton is the present treasurer   328 - WAYNE COUNTY.   of Greene Township, and has frequently represented his party as a delegate in conventions, and while in Leetonia was nominated for auditor of Columbiana County by both Democrats and Green-backers. Though defeated by a small majority, he ran considerably ahead of his ticket. From the inception of the Knights of Labor movement Mr. Hamilton has taken a warm interest in its affairs, and upon the issuing of a call by Local Assembly No. 1, of Philadelphia, in the fall of 1877, to all assemblies in the country to send delegates to a convention to be held at Reading, Penn., on January 1, 1878, for the purpose of uniting all local assemblies in one national body and creating a national head, he was selected as their representative by the local assembly of Leetonia, and had the honor of being the second presiding officer of the first national -assembly of K. of L., and was likewise selected a member of its official board for the first year. He has also for years been a member of the I. 0. 0. F., K, of P. and G. A. R., and is a past officer in all these orders.   Mr. Hamilton has been twice married, first to Hattie, daughter of Alanson Ney, of Perrysburgh, Ohio, who died, leaving one child, Harry Given. In October, 1878, Mr. Hamilton was married to his present wife, Lucy, daughter of Christian Silver, of near Wooster, Ohio, who has borne him three children: Gail, Georgia and Jimmie, Jr. In all the relations of life Mr. Hamilton has ever maintained an honorable reputation, and for his uprightness and manly character, and many fine social qualities, is justly held in esteem by the people of Wayne County.   MRS. ANNA JACKSON, widow of the late Robert R. Jackson, of Wooster Township, now resides in the city of Wooster. She was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., April 10, 1815, on the farm where her father, John Gourley, was born, and where his entire life had been passed. Her grandfather was of Irish birth, and on coming to this country settled in the county named, and at the time of the Revolution owned 300 acres of land there. He was married to Ann Rowlson, a native of Scotland. John Gourley, father of Mrs. Jackson, was married to Margaret Stevenson, who bore him twelve children, of whom seven are now living, Mrs. Jackson, who was the eldest of the family, being the only one in Wayne County. In 1846 the father died, the mother in 1885, at the extreme old age of ninety-six years. The mother of Robert R. Jackson also lived to an old age, being ninety-nine years old at the time of her death.   WAYNE COUNTY - 329   William Stevenson, an uncle of Mrs. Jackson, was a major in the Continental army during the Revolution, and another uncle, David Gourley, was also a Revolutionary soldier.   Mrs. Jackson, the subject of this sketch, grew to womanhood on the farm where she was born, and in 1840 was united in marriage with Robert R., son of Richard Jackson, who died when his son Robert was but ten years old. All were of Pennsylvania birth. The young couple remained in Pennsylvania until 1860, when the family came to Wayne County, settling on a farm in Wooster Township, where the husband died, July 25, 1875, aged sixty years. Of their union ten children were born, viz.: Richard, living in Canton, Ohio; John, in Toledo, Ohio ; William Riley, in Van Wert, Ohio; Robert Wright, in Pittsburgh, Penn. ; George, in Washington, Ohio, and Anna E., in Wooster; Samuel, Obadiah, James and Margaret are deceased. Of these, Samuel removed to Clinton, Henry County, Mo., where he purchased 300 acres of land. In September, 1884, while taking home a load of lime, which was required in an elegant new house he was building, he fell and was instantly killed, leaving a wife and three children. Obadiah died of quick consumption, at Denver, Col., August 7, 1887, having been confined to his bed but four days; his remains were interred in the cemetery at Wooster. Anna E. was born in 1859, and on April 2, 1882, was united in marriage with Robert S., son of Hugh M. Culbertson, who was born in Wooster Township in December, 1860. Since their marriage they have lived with her mother, in Wooster. They are the parents of three children: Hugh Jackson, Right Gourley and Elizabeth Anna. Mr. Culbertson is employed as letter carrier in Wooster.   Robert R. Jackson was a stanch Republican, and for three years was township trustee. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church of Apple Creek. He was a man of sterling integrity of character and blameless life, and he and his wife and all of the family were held in high esteem by all who knew them. Mrs. Jackon was formerly a member of the Presbyterian Church at Apple Creek, and since her removal to Wooster has become a member of the Presbyterian Church at that place.   ROBERT S. MAJOR, farmer, Chester Township, is a native of Ireland, born in County Down in 1849. His parents, John and Sarah (Black) Major, had a family of eleven children, Robert S. being next to the youngest. In 1856 the family left their   330 - WAYNE COUNTY   native country and moved to the United States, coming direct to Wayne County, Ohio. The father was a day laborer, but bought ten acres of land, which he cultivated and made his home until his death; he died in 1882, at the age of eighty-four years. The mother is still living, and is eighty-one years of age.   Robert S. Major was reared and educated in Wayne County, attending the common schools as he had opportunity. He learned the cooper's trade in his youth, at which he worked five years. In 1883 he bought the farm where he now lives, which contains 100 acres of choice land, finely located, and he is making of it one of the best farms in the township. Mr. Major was married in 1873 to Susan McAfee, daughter of Samuel McAfee. They have a family of four children: Rosa, John, Walter and Frank. In politics Mr. Major is a Republican, but . of late has affiliated with the Prohibition party. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. .   ABRAHAM HERSHEY was born in Milton, Wayne Co., Ohio, November 21, 1842, and is a son of Benjamin and Susannah (Wellhouse) Hershey. His paternal grandfather, Abraham Hershey, was a native of Lebanon County, Penn., and an early settler of Baughman Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, where he cleared and improved a farm, on which he resided for many years; in later life he removed to Richfield, Summit Co.,. Ohio, and died there. He had ten children, named as follows: Jacob, Lydia (Mrs. David Errick), John, Rebecca (Mrs. Hoover), Benjamin, Polly (Mrs. Isaac Wenger), Henry, Sarah (Mrs. Abram Young), Abram and Samuel. The paternal great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch was Benjamin Hershey, a native of Lebanon County, Penn., and a son of Benjamin Hershey, who was born in Switzerland in 1704, and who on account of persecutions immigrated to America in 1734, settling in Lebanon County, Penn., three brothers coming with him, one of whom settled in Canada, and the others in Pennsylvania. His son Benjamin was the father of four sons and two daughters, viz.: Barbara, Eliza, John, Christian, Jacob and Abraham.   Benjamin Hershey, father of our subject, was born in Lebanon County, Penn., October 15, 1820, and came with his parents to Baughman Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, in 1830. He was respectively a farmer, drover and miller, and during his. lifetime resided in Baughman, Milton and Chippewa Townships, Wayne County. He died in Chippewa Township, January 10, 1875, aged fifty-five years. In 1841   WAYNE COUNTY - 331   he married Susannah, daughter of George .F. and Elizabeth (Neiswanger) Well-house, of Chippewa Township, Wayne County, and by her he has had seven children who grew to maturity, as follows: Abraham, George W., ,Simon B., William 0., Mary C. (Mrs. Wesley Henneberger), Edward A. and Ella S. (Mrs. D. C. Leonard). Our subject's maternal grandfather, George F. Wellhouse, a native of Germany, born April 17, 1789, was reared in Washington County, Md., and became an early settler of Wayne County, Ohio. He was elected commissioner of Wayne County in 1829, and served six years; was in the State Senate from 1836 to 1838, and in 1838 was elected by the Legislature one of the associate judges of Wayne County. He died August 9, 1860.   Abraham Hershey, whose name heads this memoir, was reared in Wayne County, Ohio, and received a common-school education ; has always been a farmer, and has resided on his present farm in Chippewa Township, Wayne ,County, since 1866. He was in the late War of the Rebellion, enlisting August 13, 1862, in Company G, One Hundred and Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., Arkansas Post, Ark., Magnolia Hill, Miss., Snaggy Point, La., the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, Miss., and Fort Blakely, Ala., and was honorably discharged from the service October 13, 1865. He married, December 31, 1865, Clara E., daughter of John F., and Catherine (Schrantz) Sheets, of Chippewa Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. Mr. Hershey is a member of the United Brethren Church. In politics he has always been a stanch Republican.   EDMIN BURNS (deceased) was born in Allegheny County, Penn., in 1808. His father, William Burns, came to Wayne County, Ohio, in 1837, where he entered one tract of land, and purchased two others in Canaan Township. Edmin was reared in Allegheny County, Penn., and March 30, 1837, married Martha Jane McCreary, who was born in New York City in 1810, and reared in Washington County, Penn. They accompanied William Burns to Wayne County, and settled on the farm entered by him in Canaan Township, where they lived and died. Mr. Burns was a member first of the Whig and afterward of the Republican party, and served as justice of the peace for over twenty years. He was a man whose judgment was considered first class, being often called upon to act as administrator, and to transact various other business for his neighbors. He and his wife were among   332 - WAYNE COUNTY   the first seven members who organized the Jackson Presbyterian Church, and he served the same as elder for twenty-four years. He departed this life October 20, 1880, and his widow April 25, 1884, having reared six children (five of whom are still living), viz.: William, married to Sarah A. Norton, of Canaan Township; John Harvy, married to Florence C. Houghton, of Medina County, Ohio; Mary Jane, married to Hiram Fulter, of Medina County; Martha Ann; Adaline, deceased in 1870; Harriet, married to John A. Cover, of Westmoreland County, Penn.    NICHOLAS SCHULTZ was born in Leutershausen, Baden, Germany, August 2, 1828, and in 1849 immigrated to America, first locating in East Union Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. He learned the blacksmith's trade in his youth, at which he worked thirty years, and in 1866 bought the farm where he now lives, which contains eighty-two acres of valuable land. Mr. Schultz was married, in 1853, to Miss Catherine Schaffer, a native of Wurtemberg, Heimerdingen, Germany, born March 9, 1831. They have a family of six children: Sarah, wife of George Leiner, of Wooster Township (they have four children, Charles, John, Edward and Anna) ; George, in Dalton, married to Ella Saurer ; Adam, in Apple Creek, married to Mary Boydston (they have one child, Della) ; John, in Wooster, married to Sarah Johnston (they have one child, Clarence), and Anna and Viola, at home. Mr. and Mrs. Schultz are members of the Reformed Church; in politics he is a Democrat.     JOHN SNYDER. This well-known old resident of Wayne County, now living in the city of Wooster, was born in Union County, Penn., February 14, 1820. His father, Jonathan Snyder, was born in Berks County, in that State, and was married to Sarah Huffman, a native of the same county, a daughter of Nicholas Huffman, who was of German extraction, and served in the ranks of the Continental army during the Revolutionary War, and died in Dauphin County, Penn. Jonathan Snyder and wife settled in Union County, Penn., and there remained until 1838, when they came to Wayne County in search of a home in which to rear their children. They settled on a farm in Franklin Township, where they spent the remainder of their lives. The father was a shoemaker by trade, as well as a farmer, and worked at that in winter. In those days shoemakers went from house to house of the people   WAYNE COUNTY - 333   who wanted work done, generally staying in one house until the whole family were supplied.   Jonathan Snyder was a poor man, and in Wayne County, as well as in Pennsylvania, had to work hard to make a living for himself and family, enduring many privations and hardships, in which his family shared. His wife and himself, however, were blessed with rugged constitutions, and notwithstanding their arduous labors lived to an advanced age, each dying when eighty-two years old—the mother in 1875 and the father in 1877. Both were sincere members of the Lutheran Church, and were people held in high esteem by their neighbors for their trustful, honest and industrious lives. They were the parents of ten children, as follows: Catherine, now Mrs. Amos Herr, living in Knox County, Ohio; Rebecca, deceased wife of Samuel Miller; Sarah, wife of Anthony Stahl, of Knox County, Ohio, died in November, 1888; Mary, married to William Patton, and living in Wooster; John; Daniel J. and Joseph, now residents of Madison Hill, Ohio; Jonathan and Jacob, farmers in Wayne County, Ohio, and George (deceased).   The subject of this sketch passed his early years in the county where he was born, and was early made to earn his bread by the hardest kind of labor. When but nine years of age he was put to plowing, being the oldest boy of the family. His first plow had a wooden mold-board, and the ground being rough and stony the lad had a hard time of it, especially as he had to plow barefooted, in order to save his shoes, of which lie had but one pair each year. On cold mornings the barefooted boy used to warm his feet by standing in the place where the horses had lain over night. Threshing at that time was done by the horses treading out the grain and clover seed, and the boy often was compelled to ride the horse in that work from daylight until dark. This was the early life of our subject, and this was the training he received to fit him for the stern duties of life. His educational opportunities were limited, being given the opportunity of going to school only a short time each winter, but, by improving every opportunity, he succeeded in getting a rudimentary education, and by reading and close observation in his later years has made himself a well-informed man. He was eighteen years of age when he came to Ohio with his parents. Here for six years he worked on his father's farm, enduring the hardships which fell to the lot of the early settlers in this region, where homes could only be made by literally hewing them out of the dense forest with which it was then covered.   In 1844 he determined to make a home   334 - WAYNE COUNTY   for himself, and in that year, as the first step toward that desirable object, was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Troutman, a daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Keim) Troutman, and a native of Berks County, Penn. On her father's side she was of German descent, and on her mother's of English. Her mother died in Henry County, Ohio, when Mrs. Snyder was quite young, and her father later removed to Wooster Township, in this county, where he passed the last years of his life. After this marriage Mr. Snyder settled upon a partially improved farm, which they worked on shares. Accumulating some means in this way, by hard work and rigid economy, he was able in 1853 to purchase a farm in Franklin Township, which he sold to his brother Jacob in 1878. He next bought a farm in East Union Township; subsequently he purchased another in Chester Township, and still later one in the southeast part of Franklin Township, which he still owns. In 1878 he gave up farm life and removed to the city of Wooster, where he now resides in the pleasant home he owns in that place. The family of four children, which came to our subject and his estimable wife, are all living, and are located as follows: Reasin B., residing in the city of Wooster; Sarah Jane, wife of William Bentz, also in Wooster; Alice Alaura, wedded to Horace Boydson, in Lyons, Neb., and Curtis Hoffman, living with his parents.   Mr. Snyder is a Republican in politics, but has been too busy a man to give much time to public matters, and the only office he has held has been that of supervisor of Franklin Township. He and his worthy wife are esteemed members of the Lutheran Church of Wooster. Starting in life in poverty, he has achieved a marked success, and he is to-day one of Wayne County's well-to-do citizens. This result has been obtained by a life of unremitting industry and perseverance, united with frugal habits, and to the estimable lady who has so long aided and counseled him in all his praiseworthy efforts, much of his success is due. The family is well known in Wayne County, and as early settlers and as valuable members of the community are highly respected and will long be remembered.   THOMAS ARMSTRONG, one of the earliest pioneers of Wayne County, was born in Northumberland County, Penn., August 22, 1776, of Irish parentage. In his boyhood he accompanied his parents to Columbiana County, Ohio, where, in 1801, he married Jane Cook, a young lady descended from Scotch ancestry. She possessed a finely cultured mind, refined manners and a genial dis-   WAYNE COUNTY - 335   position. Her daily religious life made a deep impression on the members of her family. The good seed thus sown by a mother's love is even yet bearing its fruits in the third and fourth generations of her offspring. Mr. Armstrong and his wife were living in Columbiana County, Ohio, at the breaking out of the War of 1812. After Hull's surrender he volunteered, and was commissioned captain, serving under Gen. Buell. At the close of the war he returned to his home, and in the spring of 1815 with his family moved to Wayne County, settling on Clear Creek, four miles north of Wooster, in Wayne Township. In the spring of 1817 he removed to a farm seven and a half miles north of Wooster, on the Lodi road, in that part of Wayne Township which was in 1819 organized as a separate township and named Canaan. This farm is now the property of Thomas Armstrong, one of his grandsons. Mr. Armstrong was of iron nerve and indomitable courage, over six feet in height, large boned and of great physical strength. He had a genial disposition, was generous and kind-hearted, and was loved by all for his many virtues. The neighbor in need who called upon him was never sent away empty-handed. He was considerate of young men who were struggling with the privations of the times for a foothold in life. Many, now old men, remember with gratitude the assistance rendered just when assistance was most needed. He was a positive man. None could be mistaken as to which side he took on any question that agitated the public mind or affected the interests of the community in which he lived. He was a Whig in politics, and always active in political circles. He took a very active part in the campaign of 1840. In his family he was a kind husband and an indulgent parent. He trained his children to industry and economy, and cultivated in them habits of sobriety, honesty, integrity and virtue. He was among the foremost in securing educational privileges for his family and the neighborhood. His place at church was never vacant without substantial reason. Nor was his purse closed when pecuniary aid was required. The influence of this man and of others, his neighbors, men like himself, is still felt in the neighborhood in which they lived. It has been remarked by observers that the thrift, the industry, the morality and intelligence of the Armstrong neighborhood is not surpassed in any other locality in the county. Truly the memory of such men is blessed.   Mr. Armstrong was the first justice of the peace in Wayne Township, and married the first couple in the township. When he moved to Canaan Township there were but three families within a radius of three or four miles. James   336 - WAYNE COUNTY   Rose, a Scotchman and a nobleman, lived on the west, James Glass on the south and William Ewing about two miles north. The first school-house in the township was built on the farm of James Rose, by the early settlers. It was of the primitive style, about sixteen feet square, with puncheon floor, clapboard door and roof, greased paper for windows, and a large fire-place occupying nearly the whole side of the room. The chimney was made of clay and sticks, and was on the outside of the building. The seats were benches of split logs, and the writing desks were of split slabs. The first teacher was James Buchanan, a Scotchman, who afterward lived and. died near Dalton. The pioneer wife and mother had many hardships to endure, and toils and perils to undergo. Their small cabins had no floors but puncheons, and seldom a door except a quilt, which was poor protection against the prowling savages and the wild animals. Bears and wolves made night hideous with their howling, but the brave mother quieted her children, smothering her own fears to reassure her family. The mother was the provident overseer of the little home; kind and hospitable, no one ever left her home hungry if she had the food to give them. Strangers and neighbors were alike welcome. Wolves and bears were the source of great annoyance to the early settlers on account of their thievish propensities, often coming to the pen and killing a hog. But they sometimes paid for the theft with their lives, the settlers tracking them with the stolen property and making their life the ransom.   Mr. Armstrong died March 2, 1842, aged sixty-six years, and his wife April 14, 1856. Both were buried in the Wayne church-yard. This church Mr. Armstrong helped to build in 1840, and he was the first person buried in the churchyard adjoining. He and his wife had a family of six sons and four daughters, the sons ranging from six feet to six feet four inches in height, and the daughters being large, robust women. Following is their record:   William, the eldest son, was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, November 15, 1802. His early life was spent amid the privations of a forest home. He was thus deprived of the early advantages of schools, but made up the deficiency in a later period of youth. He was fairly well educated, and a steady friend of the people's schools. When the primitive school-houses were passing away, the best school-house in the township was built on his farm, he generously giving the lot for the purpose. When funds failed to complete it, as he was desirous it should be finished, he generously stepped forward and furnished what was required from his   WAYNE COUNTY - 337   own resources. The Presbyterian congregation of Wayne are indebted largely to his efforts for their first church building. He was untiring in his efforts to secure funds for the work, and gave without compensation much of his valuable time in superintending the construction until it was finished, and thus was laid the foundation for the large and influential society, who have lately erected on the site of the old building a new church, fully up to the requirements of the times. He married Mary Rose, by whom he had six children. She died in 1851, and he then married Catherine McPherson, by whom he had two children. He was a farmer, and accumulated a large landed estate. His children nearly all reside in the neighborhood of the old homestead, on farms acquired by the father's aid. These farms are provided with valuable farm buildings. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church all his long life, taking a great interest in all religious and educational matters. He died January 30, 1887, respected and honored by all who were acquainted with him.   John was born January 19, 1804. In 1828, times being hard, William and John went to McKeesport, Penn., to work on a canal. William had his foot hurt, and was obliged to return home, and after his return John was taken sick with a fever, and died and was buried before his father could get to him, it taking ten days for a letter to reach his home.   Thomas was born February 21, 1806. He learned the tanner's trade under David Robison, of Wooster, and afterward went to Michigan, but returned to Wayne, and died near Burbank in 1856. He married Nancy Thomas, and they had a large family, only two of whom are living. David and William Vincent, his sons, each served a full term of three years in the Union army during the Civil War.   Harrison was born November 25, 1810. He studied with Dr. Day, and located at Hayesville, where he built up a good practice, and died in the prime of life. He married Margaret Cox. Their children all reside in the vicinity of Hayesville. Their eldest son, Thomas, died after he had been promoted to a lieutenancy, of camp fever, at Vicksburg, during the siege of that place. Jared, another son, served under Gen. Sherman on his march from Atlanta to Savannah.   Eliza was born August 14, 1813, married J. P. Smurr, and they had three children: Elinor, Thomas A. and Jennie. Of these, Elinor married J. G. Hower,. and lived in Cleveland; Thomas A. is an eminent physician, living in Ottawa, Ill., and Jennie married John Blocker, and is living in Wooster. Mr. and Mrs. Smurr lived for a time in Wooster, then moved to Canaan Township, and finally to Wayne   338 - WAYNE COUNTY   Township, where they both died within a few months of each other. They were both members of Wayne Presbyterian Church, and led a consistent Christian life.   Julia Ann and Hannah Maria, twin sisters, were born October 15, 1816. Julia Ann married Neal McCoy, and died leaving two children, one of whom, James A., is living. Hannah Maria married John McCoy, who died, and she afterward married Robert Taggart. They moved to Keokuk, Iowa, where her husband died and she still lives. She has four children.   David was born December 13, 1818. His early youth was devoted to study, mixed with short intervals of farm life. In person he was tall and well formed, possessing an easy address and a commanding presence. His intellectual pow-, ers were of the highest order. His moral qualities forbade his stooping to any pursuit or amusement that was gross or degrading. With a high sense of honor, he yielded to others what was due them, and secured for himself the respect and esteem of all who knew him. At school he was respectful to his teachers and thorough in all his attainments. He was a universal favorite among his schoolmates, and none knew him but to love him. He studied medicine with his brother at Hayesville, finished his course at Cincinnati, and became an eminent physician. He acquired a large and lucrative practice during the few years that he lived, an ornament to the medical profession. He married Matilda Scott, of Hayesville, who died a short time after their marriage, he surviving her but a few years.   Jane was born June 18, 1820, and married Francis McConnel. She left a family of five children, three of whom are living.   Calvin, the only representative of the family now in Wayne County, was born June 3, 1826, and September 5, 1847, married Mary McKee. They have two sons and two daughters.   Thus we have briefly sketched the lives of the family of Thomas Armstrong, who were worthy children of a most worthy father and mother.   CALVIN ARMSTRONG, farmer, Wayne Township, is prominent among the most intelligent and well-to-do farmers of Wayne County. He was born in Canaan Township, June 3, 1826, the youngest of ten children of Thomas and Jane (Cook) Armstrong. His early life was spent on his father's farm in Wayne Township, receiving his education in the common schools. He chose the occupation of his father, and has been successful in his calling, having from his youth had habits of industry and thrift. In all his undertakings he has   WAYNE COUNTY - 339   been assisted by his faithful wife, and their home is now one of the pleasantest in the township, where hospitality abounds and good cheer and freedom reign. Mr. Armstrong has always taken an interest in politics, and was present at Buffalo when the Free Soil and Abolition party was organized. He has held many public positions of trust, which he has filled with the faithfulness characteristic of the man. Public spirited and generous, he has always been foremost in every good work, and was one of the organizers of the Children's Home of Wayne County, and served as a trustee of the home six years.   Mr. Armstrong was married September 5, 1847, to Mary McKee, of Congress Township, and they have four children: Thomas A., David C., Jennie A. and Ida M. Of late years Mr. Armstrong has cast his suffrage independent of party ties. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church.   MRS. CATHERINE FEEMAN, of the city of Wooster, is a native of Sugar Creek Township, Wayne County, born December 30, 1816. Her father, George Harman, was a native of Pennsylvania, and while still a young man he came to this county, where ho married Elizabeth Keister, also born in the Keystone State. Of their union eleven children were born, Mrs. Susanna Hummer and our subject being the only ones now residing in Wayne County. In 1855 Mrs. Harman passed to her long last sleep, and the husband and father followed her to the grave in 1865. Both were well known and highly respected in the county, and more especially among the early settlers, with whom they were numbered. He had been a farmer by occupation, and both were members of the Lutheran Church.   Our subject was truly a pioneer's child, born in a log cabin, and made familiar with the hardships and trials of a pioneer's life, which were by them accepted as a matter of course. Upon reaching womanhood she was united in marriage with John Feeman, who had come here from Pennsylvania with his parents when a boy. All this family were born in Pennsylvania. The father was a shoemaker by trade, and when a boy John helped him; later, however, he learned the trade of a stone-cutter. In those days the shoemaking was done by the knight of the last going from house to house, wherever he was wanted, staying usually in one house until the whole family were shod. It was while on one of these trips with his father that John Feeman made the acquaintance of his future wife. Both families attended the same church, and,   340 - WAYNE COUNTY   the acquaintance ripening into love, the young people were in due time married—May 31, 1838. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Feeman removed to Wooster, where he had found work at the trade of stone-cutting, which he had mastered in the meanwhile. This trade he followed until the angel of death claimed him, in 1858, in the prime of a vigorous manhood, at the age of forty-one years. He fell a victim to that dread disease, consumption. John Feeman was a good man, and was very highly esteemed. He was an active member of the German Reformed Church,. and an earnest worker both in the church and in the Sabbath-school, and was for years superintendent of the latter. For fifteen years he gratuitously took charge of the church building. He was also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. He began life poor in this world's goods, but full of determination to make for himself an honorable place in the community, and to create for himself and family a comfortable home, and gain the good-will and esteem of his fellow-men. In these laudable objects he succeeded, and his widow and children were not the only ones who mourned his loss, cut off, as he was, in the zenith of his usefulness.   Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Feeman the following eight children were born: Levi, who was a Union soldier, was wounded at Jacksonville, Miss., and died at Vicksburg, Miss., where lie was buried;, Eliza, wife of George W. Clark, of Kansas City, Mo.; William, pastor of the First Baptist Church. at Ashtabula, Ohio; Sarah, living with her mother; Mary, deceased wife of Harvey" Schwartz, of Wooster; John, Matilda and an unnamed infant are also deceased. After the death of her husband Mrs. Feeman tried in every way to keep her children together, no labor being too hard or sacrifice too great, if only she-might keep the home and her family about her. But death came, and marriage ties scattered the once happy family. For a number of years Mrs. Feeman and her daughter Sarah have lived together at the old homestead on Pittsburgh Avenue. The mother is a member of the Lutheran Church, and the daughter of the Baptist Church. The whole family stand high in the community, and are greatly respected by all who know them.   FREDERICK HOEGNER was born October 4, 1818, in Berks County, Penn., a son of John William Hoegner, one of the early settlers of Congress Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. The father of our subject was born and.reared in Germany, and in 1814 he immigrated to the United States, locating first in Philadelphia, Penn., and afterward in   BLANK - 341   342 - JUDGE EDWARD S. DOWELL   WAYNE COUNTY - 343   Berks County, same State. June 15, 1838, he and his family (including Frederick) came west to Wayne County, Ohio, settling in Congress Township, where he bought a farm of Daniel Yarnall, and here reared his nine children, five of whom are now living. He died in 1858, aged seventy-eight years.   Frederick Hoegner, whose name heads this sketch, was married February 22, 1848, to Miss Sarah, daughter of George Emrich, who was a settler of Wayne County, of much earlier date than the Hoegners, and to this union were born four children, all living: William F., Lewis P., Lovina and Albert. Mr. and Mrs. Hoegner have long been members of the Lutheran Church; in politics he is a stanch Republican. Their excellent farm of 260 acres of highly improved land is the result of assiduous and honest toil, and good management on the part of both.   JUDGE EDWARD S. DOWELL. At the age of thirty-two there died, B. C. 323, the master of an empire —conquered by himself, covering two and a half million square miles—in the full vigor of his faculties, at the time his brain was teeming with magnificent schemes of assimilating the populations of Europe and Asia, and of re-making man after his own image, by stamping the nature of Alexander on the mind and feelings of the world. The type of his career is best illustrated by one incident which long since matured into a familiar proverb. During his invasion of Asia, and upon his arrival at Gordium, he was seized by a powerful superstition, which, for a time, overcame him and arrested his movements. Here lived Gordius, a husbandman, but afterward king of Phrygia, remarkable for tying a knot of cords on which the Empire of Asia depended, and, to him who could unravel it, its mighty and undisputed scepter belonged. After fruitlessly manipulating and seeking vainly to master its complexity by the tact and dexterity of his hand, with his sword he impatiently cut it, whereupon, the mystery having been solved, the multitude rejoiced and applauded, and soon by valorous deeds he verified the forecast of the oracle. Hence, in action and resolution the young men of history have exhibited their ability, as well as their judgment, capacity and vigor to combat and annihilate apparently hopeless perplexities by cutting Gordian knots and proving themselves equal to, and the masters. of great emergencies.   A recent writer groups together five names of historic significance: Goethe in poetry, Newton in science, Bacon in philosophy, Columbus in discovery, Watt in   344 - WAYNE COUNTY.   mechanics, and says substantially, that the greatest works of Goethe were conceived and partly executed when he was a young man. Newton discovered the most universal of all natural laws, the law of gravitation, before he was twenty-five. Bacon had " taken all knowledge for his province," and was devising new, and doubting old methods, before a beard had yet appeared on his chin. The conceptions of Columbus originated in the thoughts and studies of his younger years, and Watt had invented the steam engine before he was thirty. Hamlet was written when the author was but thirty-six, and Grant was commander of one of the largest armies of the world when he was forty. The history of the human intellect will confirm the assertion that the power in which great natures culminate, which fuses force and insight in one executive intelligence, matures between thirty-five and fifty. Subsequent achievements organize themselves around the younger conceptions. Stepping from the line of the earlier to the middle life, the subject of this sketch was exalted to the judiciary of his State.   Hon. Edward S. Dowell was born in Middletown, Holmes Co., Ohio, March 28, 1847-the month of the return of the sun, the awakening of the world, and when the scent of the soil is in the air. Ms parents, Thomas and Mary (Pfouts) Dowell, were also natives of Holmes County, whither, from Maryland, in 1820, the paternal grandfather removed, and where he settled and reared his family. He was an able, devout and pious minister of the Methodist Church, and was married to Elizabeth Harrold, a lady of most estimable virtues and sincere piety, and who, after the death of her husband, continued the exercise of an active and earnest spiritual control over the family, permitting no stone to be removed or shaken in the altar of prayer, around which the home group had so often knelt in. worship.   Thomas Dowell, the father of the subject of this sketch, pursued the vocation of .a carpenter, and was united in marriage with Miss Mary Pfouts in 1845. Four children were the result of this union, two of whom, in infancy, passed to the glory of the coming world, and speak not to us. In 1852, and when Judge Dowell was but five years old, his parents went to California, going by way of the Isthmus of Panama. There being, at that time, no inter-oceanic railway communication, the mode of transit was of a more primitive character, and the youthful hero of this narrative was borne along the banks of the Chagres and the tropical jungles of the Isthmus on the shoulders of an escort. During his passage across this narrowed spine of the two continents,   WAYNE COUNTY - 345   as a result of exposure to the contagious poisons of that section, he suffered from an attack of measles, which, without the aid of saffron, ginger, spearmint, or other aromatics, disappeared and made no sign. But a sadder and more painful visitation was in reservation for the adventurous and ambitious family. After taking apartments on the steamer for their destination, the mother of Judge Dowell, having contracted that malignant disease, the Panama fever, after a brief illness passed away, no more to look upon the freshening sea, or sport 'upon its breast, but in its depths, like a drop of rain, to fall without the memory of a grave. As if a triple fate hung over the little circle so sadly torn and rent, upon their arrival at San Francisco, Alice, the only daughter, sank to the "dreamless sleep that lulls the dead, where all have gone and all must go." Of the happy and harmonious quartette that, with full hopes and anticipations, went in quest of gold, like the Argonauts who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece, now none were left but the father and son. The first labor in which they engaged was cutting, making and bailing hay for shipment, on the Montezuma Hills, in Solano County, a region well adapted to stock-raising, and especially for agriculture, for which its climate and soil were peculiarly adapted. It was originally noted for its luxuriant growth of wild oats. After having a large quantity of the grasses cured and prepared for shipment, it was destroyed by fire, and their residence, likewise, perished in the flames. This sudden and temporary frown and reverse of fortune diverted the attention and industry of the father in a different direction. He began work in the mines of Nevada City, where gold at that time was the chief product. In this enterprise he met with gratifying success, but indications of declining health made it prudent for him to abandon further work in the mines, when he returned to Montezuma Hills, and went to raising sheep. During his residence in Nevada City, his son, Edward, was enjoying, at Marysville, some of the first reflective hours of life and study; but when he rementurned to Solano County the youthful student accompanied him. Here they remained for four years. A more serious and alarming state of health, on the part of Mr. Dowell, made it advisable for him to return to his home in Ohio, which he did in 1859, bringing his son with him. .He died in August, 1860, at his home in Paint Township, Holmes Co., Ohio. In his experiments and speculations in sheep husbandry, in California, that "wonderful piece of the world," the Fates had been propitious, as if to compensate him for the adverse winds that had blown against his hand of toil. He accumulated money   346 - WAYNE COUNTY   rapidly, and made, as he thought, judicious investments of it in the interest of his son. After the death of Thomas Dowell, it became necessary to obtain the money through the courts, and a decree was rendered in favor of the son, to the amount of $34,000, when it was discovered that the title to the land on which the mortgage was placed was defective. The catastrophe which followed entailed an almost penniless condition upon Mr. Dowell.   After his mixed, varying and checkered experience in the Golden State, returning to the rich valleys and fertile hills of his native State and county, he at once entered the common schools, and at the age of sixteen became a student at Berlin Academy, in Holmes County, and afterward at Fredericksburgh, in Wayne County. It is the old story so often told and written, and that must be applied to him, of teaching in the winter to procure funds to defray academic or collegiate expenses in summer. It has been given to the cold type a thousand tunes in regard to the self-taught, self-educated man, in the legal profession and out of it, from the days of the first law-giver to those of Chief-Justice Marshall. In 1867 he put a period upon his educational pursuits, and having fixed upon the law as his profession, he entered the office of Critchfield Uhl, at Millersburgh, Holmes Co., Ohio, where he remained for two years, when he determined upon going to California again to try, if possible, to make further investigations in relation to the property out of which he had been most palpably defrauded. Foiled and disappointed in this adventure, he returned to Ohio, and commenced anew and vigorously his studies in the office of Lyman R. Critchfield, who in the meantime had gone to Wooster. His course of legal reading was completed here, which eminently fitted him to unravel the gnarled and knotty problems, the Gordian knots; which fall to the lot of the disciples of Coke and Littlementon. In 1869, at the December term of the supreme court of the State of Ohio, he was admitted to the bar, and without any delay opened an office in the old court-house in Wooster, Ohio. In 1873 he formed a partnership in the practice with the late Hon. John K. McBride. In 1874 he was elected prosecuting attorrouney of Wayne County, and re-elected two years thereafter. In the autumn of 1887 he was elected judge of the common pleas court for the third subdivision of the Sixth Judicial District, embracing the counties of Wayne, Holmes and Coshocton, and was installed in office on February 9, 1888.   He was married February 9, 1888, the day on which he was clothed with the judicial ermine, a happy coincidence,   WAYNE COUNTY - 347   wherein Cupid was enthroned as first to be crowned after the dignity of the judgeship was conferred. The fortunate lady to whom the bias of the court was evident was Miss Rolla Z. Riffil, daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Taylor) Riffil, and who is a native Wayne Countian, to the manner born. On December 14, 1888, a son was born to Judge and Mrs. Dowell, whom they have named, after his father and grandfather, Edward Samuel Dowell.   Judge Dowell became a member of the Ancient Order of Free Masons in 1878, joining Ebenezer Lodge, Wooster, Ohio, and December 4, of the same year, a Master Mason, and a Royal Arch Mason in 1879. In 1880 he was added to the membership of Wooster Council of Royal and Select Masters, and in 1881 took the Templar degrees at Massillon, and is a member of Massillon Commandery No. 4. He is likewise a member of the commandery recently established in Wooster. He is a charter member of Wooster Council No. 13, Royal Arcanum, organized September 5, 1877, and assisted materially in preparing, correcting, etc., the by-laws of the order. He is a member of the Improved Order of Red Men, Uncas Tribe No. 57, instituted May 20, 1871, having passed through all the chairs of the lodge, and has been for years and now is past sachem. In 1888 he joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Wooster Lodge No. 42, chartered June 21, 1845.   The career of Judge Dowell, as will be seen, in its earlier features, at least, is invested with many of the sorry experiences of life, as well as some of the perfumes of its romance. The loss of father, mother and sister at his tender age was a sad and irreparable one. The additional misfortune which swept away the capital of his father, and to which he was the only and rightful heir, looked like the cruelty and savagery of fate. He was left a child, parentless and alone in the world, so far as those who were closest and nearest to him in nature were concerned. But he had friends, true ones, of kindred and blood. The battle of life he had, however, to fight for himself. His home was a pleasant one, a residence in the country, in the midst of an industrious and frugal people, with the same habits and generally the same employments. An atmosphere of religion pervaded it. It matters little on what floor above the street or of what size in the fields the domestic hearth is, provided it be the asylum of love, integrity and those family affections which it perpetuates. In this circle is predestined the child, and his very soul is molded from the impressions which he remembers. The glance of a mother's eye is a part of our soul, which penetrates into us through our own eyes. Where is the per-   348 - WAYNE COUNTY   son who, when he sees or remembers that glance, in imagination or a dream, does not feel something not wholly of the earth descend into his thoughts, 'which intensifies their serenity and tranquilizes agitation. The battle being left to him, he fought it to an issue, and successfully. In private life he is a courteous, affable, well-bred gentleman, and marked in all contacts with him by the strictest integrity and action. His temper is placid and usually, tranquil, though liable, at times, to be ruffled, when the resistance is measured in proportion to the exigency, though he possesses an inborn, kindly joyousness of nature. He is cautious in disposition, and somewhat sensitive ; but this is perfectly compatible with courage, strength and mental firmness. Coleridge, in speaking of this mental quality, says: " Sensitiveness is not only a characteristic feature of, but may be deemed a counterpart of, genius." There " must be delicacy with firmness," writes Ruskin. The white skin of Homer's Atrides would have felt a bent rose-leaf, yet subdue its feeling in the glow of battle, and it would behave like iron. He is characterized by a stern independence, has great intelligence and decision of character, prefers to deal with facts and principles, has little use for theories, unless they explain their own phenomena, and that without contradicting themselves, and when, upon reflection and investigation, he has arrived at a conclusion, it would be as useless to undertake to change the result as to attempt to remove a stone from one of the pyramids.   In politics he is a Democrat, an active and capable defender of the principles of his party, and upon the public platform their conspicuous and eloquent champion. As a lawyer he rapidly grew and strengthened in his practice, and soon achieved popularity in the courts and reputation as an advocate. He prosecuted unremittingly the study of his books, " scorning delights and living laborious days," believing that no sphere of life or refinement of society was desirable which could not be connected with toil. He was honest, exacting sincerity from his clients, conscientious and diligent in his conduct of causes on trial, courteous to adverse counsel, circumspect to the court, logical, clear, compact and convincing to the jury ; and in his discussion and analysis of questions. of law to the court, he was sound, forcible and cogent, not aiming to be dazzling or brilliant, or seeking to flounce propositions in meretricious ornamentation. His remarkable success in his chosen profession demonstrates that he did not mistake his path, or miscalculate his own fitness for the law. As a judge he has acquired a just and enviable popularity, second only to the esteem in which   WAYNE COUNTY - 349   he is held as a citizen and man. He possesses that skillful generalization which readily seizes upon the strong points of a subject; that happy condensation of thought which, at once, extracts the substance of an argument, and that ingenuous foresight and comprehension which immediately grasps the angularities of the most intricate legal problems. Whether he be enunciating a principle of law or exploding a sophism, or gently, and with skill and courtesy, recalling a wandering disputant to the point at issue, perpetrating a joke, or launching an epigram, or charging a jury, he not only makes manner subservient to matter, but subdues that manner to an equable and delightful speech, transposed to a pleasant and fluent conversation, free from the methodical stiffness of modern Oxonian tribunes, and exempt from the prosaic drawlings of the conscript fathers, or the bench of a century gone.   JACOB SHELLY, son of Michael and Elizabeth (Houser) Shelly, both natives of Pennsylvania, was born on the farm he now owns, in Plain Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, January 15, 1843. Michael Shelly was born in Cumberland County, Penn., in 1811, and came to Wayne County; Ohio, in 1828, with his parents, Jacob and Eliza Shelly, who purchased 160 acres of land in Plain Township. Jacob Shelly, the grandfather of our subject, was a hard-working, industrious man, and by his industry and perseverance accumulated about 900 acres of land. He never aspired to political honors, and never held any offices. He died in 1853, a member of the Mennonite Church. Several of his children grew to be men and women, but all are now dead except Elizabeth, wife of John Yocum, of Mercer County, Ohio, and Michael.   Michael Shelly was married in 1835 to Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Catherine Houser, and located on 160 acres of land in Plain Township, which is now owned by his son Jacob. Here he lived for many years, and then purchased the farm he now occupies, in another portion of Plain Township. He is well and favorably known, and at one time owned nearly 800 acres of land. He has always been a member of the Republican party, and takes an active interest in township affairs. Michael Shelly has reared ten children to be men and women, viz.: Christian, in Plain Township, Wayne County ; Michael, deceased; Jacob, on the home farm ; Peter, in Ashland County; Joseph, in Franklin Township, Wayne County; John, in Plain Township, Wayne County ; Eliza, wife of David Mellinger, of Jefferson, Wayne County; Sarah, wife of Robert McAffee,   350 - WAYNE COUNTY   in Wooster, Ohio; Mary, wife of William McQuigg, in Plain Township, Wayne County; and Susan, wife of James Alexander, also in Plain Township.   Of these, Jacob attended the township schools until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in Company C, Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving three years. In 1866 he married Miss Harriet, daughter of Alex. Culberson, an early settler of Wayne County, who afterward moved to Ashland County, Ohio. By this union have been born three children: Charles C., Ella T. and Jennie V. Mr. Shelly is prothinently identified with the Republican party, and has held several township offices; at the present time he is serving as trustee. He is a member of Wooster Lodge, No. 42, I. 0. 0. F., and of Gibson Post, No. 133, G. A. R. He and his family are members of the Plain Lutheran Church, of which he has been deacon.   Alex. Culberson, the father-in-law of Jacob Shelly, was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., and came in 1814 to Wayne County, Ohio, where he purchased a tract of land in Plain Township, near Millbrook. Here he lived for several years, and finally moved to Ashland County, Ohio, where he died in 1869. He was twice married, and by the first wife he had two children: Lucretia Nelson, in Illinois, and Abraham, in Mansfield, Ohio. His second wife was Nancy Beard, by whom he had two children: Harriet, wife of Jacob Shelly; Margaret, wife of J. H. Wilhour, of Wooster, Ohio. Mr. Culberson was a Republican in politics, and held several township offices.   J. A. BONEWITZ is a son of Jacob and Catherine (Franks) Bonewitz, natives of Fayette County, Penn. About 1832 they came to Wayne County, Ohio, and purchased the farm where their son, J. A., now lives. The father was a shoemaker by trade but after -coming to Wayne County he gave his attention entirely to farming, and at his death left an estate of 160 acres of land. He was a prominent member of the Lutheran Church, also a leader in the Democratic party. He died in 1868, and his widow in 1885. They reared nine children, one of whom, M. V., died at the age of thirty-nine years. Those living are F. J., in Van Wert, Ohio; H. W., in Huntington County, Ind. ; Sarah J., wife of 0. E. Jameson, of Nebraska; D. R., in Van Wert, Ohio; Julia G., wife of Abraham Eymon, of Portland, Ind. ; Elizabeth Ann, wife of John R. Kling, of Sherman County, Kas. ; Martha C., wife of Wilson Richwine, of East Union Township, Wayne County, . and the subject of this memoir, who was   WAYNE COUNTY - 351   born on the homestead, December 4, 1843. He attended the township schools, and has always remained on the homestead in East Union Township, where he follows agricultural pursuits. In 1876 he married Miss Nancy J., daughter of Robert Cook, of East Union Township, and by this union they have had six children: Mary Belle (deceased), Anna Lee, Lula Idella, Jennie C., and Robert C. and Ethel J., infant twins. Mr. Bonewitz and family attend the Presbyterian Church ; he is a member of the Democratic party.   BENJAMIN DOUGLASS was born in Plain Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, August 13, 1838, and is next to the youngest son and child of James and Elizabeth (Wallace) Douglass, and on both the paternal and maternal sides he is of Scotch ancestry. His mother crossed the ocean at the age of ten. His father was a large, stout, muscular man, full of strength and courage, and was by occupation a successful farmer. Mr. Douglass remained with him upon the farm until he was twenty years old, in the meantime attending the village school at Jefferson, five miles west of Wooster. His first teacher was George Phillips, subsequently a quite prominent Methodist minister and writer of religious books. For five years he was a pupil of the late Judge Joseph H. Downing. Later be attended Vermillion Institute, at Hayesville, Ashland County, for about three years. That place of learning was then under the presidency and management of Dr. Sanders Diefendorf, a distinguished educator and Presbyterian divine, under whose superintendency it enjoyed signal prosperity. For a number of years it bore the title of " the Ohio Annex " to Cannonsburgh (Penn.) College, as its contributions of students to that flourishing institution were copious and constant. Three and four hundred students were in regular attendance, and among those who were in his classes were Hon. Joseph Reed (for many years a member of the Supreme Court of Iowa, now a member of Congress from the Council Bluffs district) ; the Hons. John Bruce and John Glenn (both of whom are United States district judges, the former in Alabama, with residence at Montgomery, and the latter in Illinois, with residence at Monmouth) ; Robert Quincy Beer, of Ashland (who became a member of the publishing house of Wilson, Hinkle & Co., now Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co., of Cincinnati) ; Frank Wise and L. Tannahill (who entered the Confederate service from Missouri, and won the star of " brigadiers").   After leaving the institute Mr. Douglass commenced the study of law with   352 - WAYNE COUNTY.   Messrs. William M. Orr and John Irvine, with whom he remained a year, when he went to the Cleveland Law College, from which he graduated in 1861, in the meantime having been admitted to the bar by the supreme court at Columbus, Ohio.   He was married the same year to Miss Nercissa L. Newkirk, of Big Prairie, Ohio, a graduate of Urbana Seminary, Ohio, and has two daughters, Mabel and Dail, the former graduating from the University of Wooster, in the class of 1887, the latter from the high school of Wooster, in the class of 1888, and is now a student in the Wooster University. He began the practice of law during this year, having formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, the late Joseph H. Downing.   The threatened war-cloud was then bursting upon the country, and the law office of the firm was soon converted into a recruiting station, Mr. Downing administering the oath to the soldiers as fast as they were recruited. Mr. Douglass wrote the first call that was made for volunteers in the county, and that call, in his handwriting, was framed by his friend, the late R. B. Spink, and now hangs in the ball of Given Post, G. A. R., at Wooster. In the fall of 1862 Mr. Downing enlisted in the military service, and, as it was next to impossible to conduct business in the courts, on account of witnesses and lawyers being in the army, the law office was, therefore, abandoned, and Mr. Douglass, until the close of the war, was principally engaged in recruiting work. He made patriotic, thrilling speeches in almost every church and school-house in the county, and was largely instrumental, in recruiting many companies. For reasons possibly best known to himself, he never returned to the practice of the law, although the writer of this sketch is of the opinion that, had he done so, he would have stood at the front of the bar, the peer of McSweeny, Critchfield, Rex, or Hemphill. He seemed, however, to dislike the evasions, deceits, tergiversations, combats and collisions of the practice.   In 1868 Mr. Douglass went to the Pacific coast, by invitation of the National Executive Republican Committee, and made twenty-five speeches for Grant and Colfax, in Nevada and California. He made the first speech advocating the. Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment delivered in Nevada, at the opera house in Carson City, presided over by Gov. Blaisdell, and it was the first State in the Union to ratify the amendment. On his return he was publicly requested by the citizens of Wooster to deliver an address, which he did, under the title of " A Trip Across the Continent," which was afterward pre-   WAYNE COUNTY - 353   rented in Illinois and other points in the West, He went the overland route, by rail to Benton, one hundred miles west of Cheyenne, Wyo., and thence by Concord coach across the Rocky Mountains, a distance of 400 miles, to Salt Lake City; thence by stage to Austin, and thence across the great alkali desert to Reno, and thence to Virginia City, his destination, traveling • in coaches 1,000 miles, among hostile Indians, white bandits, and other desperate characters. He paused for a week in the City of the Saints, inspecting the principal points of interest, there being then but 500 Gentiles within its borders, presenting a paradox in the fact that the Gentiles were principally Jews. He bathed his feet in the rock-born Jordan, and floated in the lake of salt. He walked amid the stones and foundations of the temple; attended worship with the apostles in the tabernacle; interviewed President Brigham Young within his gates and palaces, and sent to the New York Times and other Eastern papers the results of his tete-a-tete with the eagle-nosed champion wife-owner of of the Western Hemisphere. Returning from his trip by steamer, and after arriving in New York City, he called upon and presented letters of introduction to Hon. Henry J. Raymond, editor and proprietor of the New York Times. So favorably impressed was Mr. Raymond with Mr. Douglass that he was solicited to go to Old Mexico in the capacity of correspondent for the Times, which proposition Mr. Douglass was favorably considering when Mr. Raymond suddenly died.   As a part of his literary labors Mr. Douglass wrote and published in 1878 at Indianapolis the history of Wayne County, Ohio, a book of nearly 900 pages, and the best county history in the State. In 1879 he completed for the publishers a work entitled the " Oddities of Colonial Legislation," writing and adding thereto about 300 pages for John B. Dillon, historian, of Indiana, who died in the midst of his editorial labors. He has written, and now has ready for publication, a history of the Grand Army of the Republic, a book of 550 pages. Mr. Douglass did not confine himself to history and prose writing, but occasionally sang with the muses, and he has written poetry that compares favorably with that of Whittier, Dr. Holmes or Moore. The following is a specimen, written for the Chronicle while he was at Washington, and it indicates that lofty sentiment found in all his verses:   I FLY, O FATHER, TO THY BREAST.   I fly, O Father, to Thy breast, In these dark hours to Thee I turn; I feel in Thee alone is rest, In Thee the peace for which I yearn.   These wintry hours are dense with glooms, They press and pierce my sorrowing heart; I sigh for joys, unfading blooms, I can not find from Thee apart,   354 - WAYNE COUNTY. I cloy amidst these festive throngs, This whirling trance of life and things, This sound of feet, these scenes and songs, The viol and its vibrant strings.   This is the winter of the lands, Ah, me! the winter of my soul; I feel, yet not with conscious hands, Within my heart its wild control.   I gaze upon its prostrate snows, Now sullied by the wordlingls feet, Its birdless trees in bare repose, Its dead parterres so summer-sweet.   I sadden in these aisles of palms, A blest retreat for nymphs and fawns; I walk possessed of stolid calms, Amid these mute and sleeping lawns.   I see thy hand, 0 Father, here, I feel the ruin of Thy breath; But then, to Thee, Thy flowers are dear— Thy greatest blessing is in death.   Again Thou'lt come in tenderer mood, And all this sere world, dead and dumb, Will rise and shout from lawn to wood, For, with a loving smile Thou'lt come.   Then at thy shrine again I'll kneel, As I have prayed before and knelt; Then voice my worship in Thine ear, And know Thy pleasure here is felt.   In 1882 he was appointed to a position in the Government service, in the postmaster-general's office, and was there three years. While in Washington City he published in the Daily Star a history of the colonial postal service, and wrote many interesting letters, Which were published in the Wooster Republican and other papers. His first contributions of literary pretensions were to the " Waverly Magazine" a sort of a type-trap for verdant prose dabsters and half-feathered songsters. He has written articles acceptable to such magazines as the " Galaxy," in the day of its prosperity. He was a regular correspondent for years of "Leisure Hours," and before the consolidation, a frequent correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial and Gazette, which latter published, during the concluding days of the war, his letters advocating manhood suffrage, which were widely copied and extensively circulated. In politics Mr. Douglass is a Republican, but the writer knows him to be a conservative one. He has always been active in local campaigns, and was a candidate of his party for county auditor in 1864, but, with the balance of the county ticket, was defeated at the election, the county then being strongly Democratic. While at Washington, that whirlpool of vices and vanities, he became thoroughly disgusted with politics and politicians, believing that one party can manage the affairs of Government about as well as the other, as both are equally honest and patriotic.   Mr. Douglass is a fine specimen of manhood, six feet three inches high, and weighs over two hundred pounds. He is a scholarly, entertaining gentleman, a true friend and congenial companion, and the writer of this sketch will be greatly pleased if it is preserved in the annals of the county.   WAYNE COUNTY - 355   DAVID JAMES is a son of George and Ann (Sealy) James, natives of England, who immigrated to America in 1832, and located in Franklin Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, on the farm now owned by their son David. They purchased 100 acres of land for $700, there being at the time but two houses between them and the town of Wooster. George James and his family were members of the Episcopal Church of Wooster. He died in 1859; his widow in 1870; politically he was a Whig. Their family consisted of four children, viz.: William Alfred, who died at the age of twenty-three years; John S., in Franklin Township, Wayne County; Amelia, widow of J. C. James, in Wooster, Ohio, and David, who was born in England, October 7, 1826, and came to Wayne County with his parents. He was apprenticed to the blacksmith's trade, but never followed it as an occupation, and has always lived on the . homestead in Franklin Township, making great improvements in the buildings, etc., and now owns over 250 acres of land.   In 1853 he married Miss Ellen, daughter of Thomas and Dorothy Gilmore, of Holmes County, and seventeen children have been born to them as follows: a son, who died at the age of seventeen years; a daughter, who died at the age of five years; one that died in infancy, and the following named yet living: Thomas A. and Dorothy Ann, at home; William Alfred, in Franklin Township, Wayne County, married to Minnie F., daughter of Hugh and Sarah Morgan, of Franklin Township (they have one child, Hugh C.) ; Jesse Gilmore, at home; Mary Nellie, now Mrs. Frank E. Langell, of Wooster, Ohio (they have two children, Mark B. and James M.) ; Martha Nettie, at home; Wesley David, in Illinois, and John Charles, George Walter, Frederick H., Frances Asbury, Amelia, Sealy and Anna Hortense, all at home. Mr. James and family are members of Moorland Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a trustee and class-leader; politically he is a Republican.    J. W. BRINKERHOFF, M. D., the youngest son of John Brinkerhoff, of Wooster, was born in Wooster, February 16, 1852. He received his classical education at the high school of Wooster, and immediately entered the office of Dr. L. Firestone, where he read. medicine, and in 1873 he graduated from the medical department of Wooster University at Cleveland. He first began the practice of medicine in Missouri, but remained there only six months, when he returned to Wayne County, locating at   356 - WAYNE COUNTY   Burbank, where he now enjoys an extensive practice. He is also teacher of physiology in the public school of that place. He is a member of the borough council; a member of the Northeastern Ohio and Wayne County Medical Societies.   In November, 1874, Dr. Brinkerhoff became united in marriage with Miss Ella M., daughter of James C. Hemler, of Licking County, Ohio. Both Dr. and Mrs. Brinkerhoff are prominent members of Burbank Methodist Episcopal Church; politically he is a Republican.   DANIEL T. HOFFMAN has been a resident of Wayne Township since 1853, and has by his long residence become one of the well-known citizens. He has devoted his attention to agriculture, and now has a good farm of 100 acres, all under cultivation, with good improvements, thus making it one of the pleasantest homes in the county. He was married, in 1846, to Miss Anna Mary, daughter of Samuel Groff, and to them were born three children, two of whom are living: Sybilla, wife of William Switzer, and Mary Ann, wife of Jacob Switzer. Mrs. Hoffman dying, Mr. Hoffman afterward married Miss Matilda, daughter of Joseph Grosh, and by her had eight children: Joseph, Daniel, Mar tin, Jacob, Benjamin, Lawrence, Laura and Clara. Of these, Joseph died when nine months old, and Laura when two years old; Daniel is married to Miss Anna Groop; Martin is married to Miss Lola Herington. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffman are members of the Church of God.   Mr. Hoffman's father was Jacob Hoffman, whose father, a native of Europe, came to this country when single, and was married to Miss Shriner, a native of Pennsylvania. Their union was blessed with six children—three sons and three daughters—Jacob being the youngest in the family. He was born in Manor Township, ,Lancaster Co., Penn., January 16, 1792, and December 16, 1816, was married to Magdalena Thomas, a native of the same township, born December 13, 1791. They had a family of twelve children. Father Hoffman came to Wayne County in the year 1850, purchased a farm of 200 acres in East Union Township, and afterward moved to Wayne Township, where his wife died in the eighty-fourth year of her age. She was converted when sixteen years old, and was a faithful servant of the Lord until her death. Father Hoffman died August 8, 1884, aged ninety-two years, six months and twenty-two days. He was converted when about forty years of age, and lived a Christian life until his death. This estimable couple had twelve children   WAYNE COUNTY - 357   (seven of whom are living), forty-three grandchildren (thirty-three living) and thirty-one great-grandchildren.   WILLIAM ROUGH, a prominent farmer of Plain Township, was born in Wayne County, Ohio, in 1820. His father, William Rouch, was a native of Maryland, of Dutch ancestry, and was a soldier in the War of 1812. He married Miss Mary Stair, and to them were born nine children, six of whom are living, viz.: John, Polly, Nancy Elizabeth, Susan Rebecca, Lydia Sarah and William. At an early day William Rouch, Sr., with his wife and three children, moved to Columbiana County, Ohio, where he bought 160 acres of land, on which he lived several years, and in 1815 came to Wayne County and entered 160 acres of land, a part of which is now the home of his son William. At the time of his death he owned 320 acres of valuable land. He in early life learned the mason's trade, but gave his attention wholly to agricultural pursuits during the last years of his life. He died at the age of eighty-three years and three months, his wife having preceded him, at the age of seventy-four years.   The subject of our sketch was reared in his native township, and has always lived on the farm which is now his home. He has been a successful farmer, making practical use of the lessons taught him in early life. He is a representative citizen of Plain Township, a public-spirited and progressive man, and is respected by all who know him. He was married in 1855 to Susan, daughter of Jacob Bower, of Plain Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, and they have a family of five children, viz. : Tread-well S., William P., Sarah Agnes (now Mrs. Rouch), Lydia A. (now Mrs. Mullinger ), and Mary, at home. In politics Mr. Rouch is a Democrat. Mrs. Rouch is a member of the Lutheran Church.   ULYSSES CHATELAIN was born in Canton Bern, Switzerland, April 7, 1828, and immigrated to America in 1848. He first engaged in manual labor in Hoboken, N. Y., remaining there for eleven months. He then spent three months in Cleveland, Ohio; thence moved to Wayne County, where he worked near Maysville and Fredericksburgh, for about one year. January 1, 1851, he married Miss Lena, daughter of Lewis Dodez, of Paint Township, Wayne County, and followed farming near Mount Eaton, remaining there until 1856, when they purchased their present farm. Although Mr. Chatelain came to this country without capital   358 - WAYNE COUNTY.   except his hands, he has, by industry and perseverance, made himself and is to-day one of the wealthiest and most prosperous farmers in Paint Township, owning bementween 400 and 500 acres of land. His family consists of nine children, viz.: Celia E. is the wife of J. B. .Finney, of Holmes County, Ohio,. and has four children: D. Alvin, Laura, Lena and Ward; Lewis A,, at home; Emma, wife of Randolph Rosenberg, of Paint Township, has four children: Ida L., Orie D., Clyde and an infant; Lucy, wife of Israel Stuck, of Stark County, Ohio, has two children: Beatrice and Raymond Wilbur; Laura, Julia, Rebecca, Ida and William. In connection with general farming Mr. Chatelain does considerable in stock breeding. He has held the office of president in the French Reformed Church for many years ; he is a member of Massillon Lodge, No. 346, F. & A. M.; politically a Democrat.   LEANDER FIRESTONE, M. D., LL. D. (deceased). The following sketch is from the pen of Ben. Douglass, of Wooster.   Man’s sociality of nature evinces itself in spite of all that can be said with abundant evidence, by this one fact, were there no other: The unspeakable delight he takes in biography.—Carlyie.   Lord Bacon expressed his regret that the lives of eminent men were not more frequently written; and added that, "though kings, princes and great personages be few, yet there are many excellent men who deserve better than vague reports and barren elegies."   The history of the world is principally the record of conspicuous names and the biography of illustrious characters. The history of Rome is little more than the biography of twelve men who were contemporaries, and all enclosed within the walls of the Eternal City. No marvel that the proud metropolis that , can boast of Julius Caesar, Pompey, Brutus, Cato, Atticus, Livy, Cicero, Horace, Virgil, Hortensius, Augustus and Marcus Varro, should aspire to the proud title of mistress of the world, and vaunt herself secure from all mortal wounds, save only those that might be inflicted in an evil hour by parricidal hands.   Mankind delights to register the acts and syllables of men who risk investments in the thought exchanges of the world. The standard of civilization and the advancement of human progress has been made and determined by the augmentation in the proportion of those who achieve intellectual triumphs, and by a corresponding decrease in the ratio of those who are consecrated to pleasurable pursuits, and neglect the higher moral and mental development and discipline. The principle of leadership is acknowledged and universal. It commands our respect and veneration. Among the North American Indians each tribe has its oracular leader, who summons to the camp-fire the dusky faces, and regales them with chapters from the unwritten bible of savagery.   When King Harold went westward, followed by the chosen men of Norway, to conquer France and England, though his men were distinguished for wisdom mid courage   LEANDER FIRESTONE, M.D. - 359   260 - BLANK   WAYNE COUNTY - 361   as a body, yet they recognized and rewarded the leadership of those most prominent in energy and valor. The true Briton of to-day venerates the names of Hengst and Horsa, his Saxon prototypes, for the inspiration and memory of their horsemanship is ever present at the boiling heats of Ascot and Newmarket. Through the grim galleries of the centuries, the Deity has spoken through his own chosen interpreters. It is the few indeed, who are genius-anointed. The lines of history from the first records of Grecian story to the moment when Elsinore heard the war moan along the distant sea, and, further on to later combats amidst hieroglyphic obelisks and near the shadow of the Sphynx, vividly expose the records of grand men who clenched opportunity and forced her to decree and command their triumph. In the progress of events marching, on with power and grandeur, we discover the hand of Phidias among the features of the gods; the trowel of the Egyptians; the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; the swords of Caesar and Alexander; the orations of Cicero, Burke and Webster; the speculations of Newton, Copernicus and Kant; the metaphysical wisdom of Bacon and Locke; the prowess of Charlemagne, Murat and Sheridan.; the achievements of Sir William Hunter and Sir Astley Cooper; the legal profundity of Blackstone, Erskine and Story; the religious zeal of Baxter, Hooker and Bossuet; the military skill of Wellington, Von Moltke and Grant; the statesmanship and martial grandeur of Washington; the astute and overmastering sagacity and judgment of Lincoln; the romantic intrepidity of Columbus and Hudson; the grand poetic outbursts of Sophocles, Homer, Shakespeare, Milton and Longfellow. Their lives, their thoughts and deeds have imparted stability, character, example and inspiration to humanity and civilization, and, in their individual histories, in their recorded work and the thoughts they have furnished, can almost be found the material for a history of the race. Wherefore, it may properly and naturally be affirmed, that history may be contemplated as but the biography of a few earnest, toiling, self-reliant men.   It has been said that the hardy growths of nature are those which battle the storms; the fiercer the conflict the more robust becomes the trunk, and the deeper down do the roots descend. Man is but a segment of nature. The successful one is not he who dreams or toys with images, but he who acts, and when we see a man who has hewn his way through difficulties and endured the storms of life from childhood, he is the strong man, the man of will and genius. Such was the subject of this memoir.   DR. FIRESTONE was born in Salt Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, April 11, 1819. His father, Daniel F. Firestone, removed from Beaver County, Penn., to Wayne County, in 1815. With him he remained until he was fourteen years old, performing such work as be could on the farm in the summer, and attending the country school in the winter. He then entered the academy at Salem, Columbiana County, and under the tutorship of Mr. Mills and Mr. Kingsbury, received prelibations of that education which he had an ambition to acquire, but which was beyond his power to then attain. He thence went to Portage County, Ohio, where he contracted with a farmer for three months to chop cord- wood, at three shillings per cord. His stout arms felled the forest monarchs, notwithstanding the lines of Morris:   Woodman, spare that tree, Touch not a single bough.   Who knows but his youthful, imaginative and poetic mind, as he looked upon the prostrate   362 - WAYNE COUNTY   oak, did not dwell on masts of navies in its ribs; of storms; of battles on the ocean; of the noble lyrics of the sea; of Robin Hood and his merry men; of old baronial halls with mellow light streaming through diamond-shaped panes upon floors of oak, and wainscoatings of carven oak? I doubt not that his boyish fancy saw all this.   At the age of sixteen he returned to Wayne County, going to Chester Township, where, with his uncle, John Firestone, a few miles north of New Pittsburgh, for two years, he made his home. He was penniless, but eager and earnest. The history of these two years could be given in a line—" The short and simple annals of the poor." Thrust upon his own resources, he became the architect of his own fortune. He toiled in the fields during the day, and after the drudgery of it was over, he devoted himself to his books by the light of the fire of kindlings carefully prepared as a substitute for lamp or candle. With him it had to be nothing, or, self-schooling, always the firm, sure substratum upon which the successful student, whether at home or school, or at the university, must erect his superstructure. In whatever he engaged, whether in contact with the products of the soil, or the resistance of the forest, or in the path of mental improvement, he was distinguished for unquailing diligence and energy. Under such circumstances and surroundings he laid the basis of his education and life, and that a man who can thus educate himself, possesses intellectual morale, no one, however captious, will deny.   During the winters of these two years spent with his uncle, he taught school, his first term being in the region now known as Perry Township, then in Wayne, but now in Ashland County. For his services he received $12 per month. He was now equipped for teaching, was a good grammarian and mathematician, exceeding, in fact, the standard of the average English scholar. By the reading of standard authors, such as Tacitus and Plutarch, Hume and Gibbon, Shakespeare and Milton, Dr. Johnson and Fielding, etc., which he had borrowed, he was introduced to the best style and thought of these brilliant writers, and in early life acquired a degree of familiarity with their language, and found sincere pleasure in the companionship of their reflections. Meantime, he had not circumscribed the area of his studies to such as merely equipped him for the service of the teacher. His range of penetration and vision was lifted to wider and higher skies. He had been making periodical recitations to Rev. Thomas Beer, a scholarly Presbyterian minister of Ashland, familiarizing himself with botany, geology, philosophy, chemistry, and natural science in other departments. His inquiring mind impelled him to make researches in germs and plant-life, and its organic and inorganic nature, and into flowers, their organs and food, and the physiology of the vegetable world; to explore Old Red Sandstone and the Cosmos; to sit with Plato in the academy, or Seneca at the Symposium of death; to wander with Silliman and Berzelius amid reactions and relations, the composition of substances and the mysterious laws of combination.   At the age of nineteen, August 26, 1838, he was married to Miss Susan Firestone, a lady of dignified and affable manner much esteemed by her acquaintances as a wife, mother, friend and Christian. The intimacy which resulted in this union was formed in early life, and his ardent attachment to his wife was evinced on all occasions to the period of his death. By this marriage eight children were born, five boys and three girls, all of whom are dead, except W. W. Fire-   WAYNE COUNTY - 363   stone, M. D., who inherits many of the strong traits of his father, and under whose tutorage he studied his profession and its collateral sciences.   At the age of twenty, Dr. Leander Firestone began the study of medicine with Dr. S. F. Day, a noted practitioner and eminent surgeon, under whose care and instruction he continued for three years, when he attended a course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. When he received his diploma, unlike many students who relinquish or abridge their reading and hours of study upon graduation, he realized that he was but   An infant struggling on its mother’s lap,   and that he was just in the first stages of discipline which would ultimately enable him to grapple with the broad and almost illimitable field of medical and surgical literature. His passion for these investigations was manifested in his writhings in the grip of his first clench with life, and continued until time had faintly blurred into gray background the splendid picture of his former years. His steadfast assiduity and zeal in his professional work gave him the applause of co-laborers and brothers, and won him leadership where to win it was to be crowned; won him believers and imitators, where to be imitated and to be recognized as an example, was to have attained to the eminence of humanity's benefactor.   But the time had come when he must lift his shield and bare his arm to "the sad, stern ministry of pain," and on March 28, 1841, he opened an office in the village of Congress, where he continued for thirteen years, acquiring a wide and remunerative practice, and a degree of popularity and eminence not confined to his visiting circuit. During this time, and expanding the horizon of his aims, he graduated from the Medical Department of the Western Reserve College, then located at Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1847 was summoned to that institution as demonstrator of anatomy, which position he held until 1853. Here he achieved new honor and distinction, and bore the reputation of being one of the most popular, fluent and instructive lecturers in the colleges. In the same year he was appointed first superintendent of Northern Ohio Asylum for the Insane, at Newburgh, now a part of the city of Cleveland.   In 1859, being vice-president of the Ohio Medical Convention, then in session in Columbus, Ohio, in the absence of the president he presided, appointing all the committees, and otherwise controlling its deliberations. June 7, of the same year, he was elected president of the convention, and " in remarks accepting the office tendered him, thanked the society in a brief but manly speech, and urged the members to consider carefully and earnestly the importance of the work before them. "*   June 13, 1860, he delivered his valedictory address to the Convention. In 1864 he was promoted to the professorship of obstetrics and diseases of women in Charity Hospital Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio. In 1868 he was elected to the chair of surgery. In 1870 the college at Cleveland was made the medical department of Wooster University, where he continued as professor of obstetrics and the medical and surgical diseases of women, and class lecturer on anatomy, physiology and hygiene, to the students at Wooster University.   June 24, 1874, the title of LL. D. was conferred upon him, at Athens, by the University of Ohio. Gov. William Allen appointed him, February 1, 1875, one of the trustees   * From the Medical Report.   364 - WAYNE COUNTY.   for three years, of the Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane. In 1878, Gov. Bishop designated him as superintendent of the Institution for the Insane at Columbus, Ohio, and during his administration of the office, he established a reputation in the public benevolent circles of the States, as being one of the successful and efficient professional and executive superintendents, of which any State might be consistently jealous.   In private life he was characterized by great benevolence of character. Other remarkable traits were his disinterestedness, his regard for the rights and enjoyments of others, his generous disposition, his gentle and forbearing temper, his plain, easy and unostentatious manner. He was an unswerving friend and a delightful companion. In social circles he charmed with the grace and full, rich naturalness of his expression. " Conversation to him was the music of the mind, an intellectual orchestra, where all the instruments should have a part, but where none should play together." He was possessed of warm and wide and ardent sympathies, and his genial nature unconsciously called for sympathy; yet, he was heroic and independent, and bore the occasional uneven frictions of circumstance with placid equanimity and stately strength. He had the ability to sustain the mind's tone under adverse environments and preserve it sensitive to work, study, meditation, nature and to God. In the relation of father and son, of husband, brother and friend, he always displayed the highest excellencies of feeling and character. Expanding our view to the comprehensive circle of his personal friends, rarely did any man win a stronger hold upon the confidence of those with whom he was associated. He has with equal propriety mingled in the free and open exchanges of private life, and sustained the dignity and honor of official station,   In professional life we may speak of him in the language of eulogy employed by him on the death of Prof. Delamater, who occupied a chair in the medical college with Dr. Firestone:   He was no ordinary man. Indeed he was a great man, in possession of learning without pedantry, and skill without ostentation. He never was known to harbor hatred or had a pleasant smile of approbation and a word of encouragement and hope for every man in the faithful discharge of his duty. He was eminent as a physician, and his lectures were clear, forcible and logical. In conversation he was agreeable, instructive and illuminating, imparting pleasure and intelligence to all around him. The mementoes of his example are a rich boon to posterity, and, while benevolence, philanthropy, social order and religion survive, the virtues of this great and good man will shine in all the majesty of light.   He was not a specialist in any branch of the profession, but in all of its apartments vindicated his title to pre-eminent distinction. In surgery he particularly excelled, and to be an expert in that domain is to approximate the mastery of the profession, as in its several branches are compassed all the other departments of the healing art. In the sick room he seemed to engender and radiate health, as if he were the possessor of a superabundance of it. He was pervaded, if we may feebly reach out after a receding idea, with the mys terious odic force of the healer, which is above science and beyond experience and behind theory, and which we call magnetism, or vitality, or tact, or inspiration, according to our assimilating power in its presence, or our reverence for its mission.   As a politician he had no full defined or cherished aspirations. He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1850-51 which assembled at the State Capitol, May 6, 1850, and of which Hon. William Medill was president, W. H. Gill, secretary, and J. V. Smith, reporter. It was composed of 115   WAYNE COUNTY - 365   officers and delegates, in which there were eight physicians besides himself. In his representative capacity it will be observed that Dr. Firestone aided by his vote and voice in advancing measures which, by legislation, were crystalized into the salutary laws of the State, and under which its citizens have been happy and prosperous for nearly forty years. It was, indeed, no paltry honor to occupy a seat in such a deliberative assembly, presided over by a subsequent governor of the State, and which was composed of the Ranneys, Groesbecks, Nashes, Kennons, Stanberrys, Kirkwoods, and Peter Hitchcock, " the father of the Ohio bar," some of whom became supreme judges of the State, governors, authors in the law, United States Senators and cabinet ministers. During his membership of the convention he participated actively in the discussion of questions before it for deliberation. He was a champion of the right of petition, the purity of the ballot, economy in the administration of the affairs of the State, advocating biennial sessions of the Legislature, and antagonizing the increase of salaries of public officials. He signalized his opposition to corporations in a speech, of June 11, which brought him to prominence, and fixed his status before the convention as an extemporaneous debater and orator. He exhibited an accurate and comprehensive knowledge of public affairs and great readiness and resources in disputation. A Democrat, and yet Republican in habits and principles, depending for the maintenance of his dignity upon the esteem of others, and not upon his own assumption, his manners at once conciliated the good will of the convention. When he was elected to this position he was a young man of thirty-two summers, the age of Lord Clive when he established the British power in India, and of Hannibal, when at Cannae, he dealt an almost annihilating blow at the Roman republic. He resigned his seat before the labors of the convention terminated, on account of a pressure of professional work demanding his exclusive time, when Elzy Wilson, of Ashland County, was chosen his successor.   He kept thoroughly enlightened upon all the issues and matters of political interest before the public, and was a Democrat in his political affiliations. He was one of the best campaign orators in the Democratic organization in Ohio, and in several State and national conflicts he entered the arena with the avowed Titans of his party. In open assault he could lash his political enemies with a whip of scorpions, or punish them over a prostrate hero, as Marc Antony did Brutus over the dead body of Caesar. He was once a candidate for Congress, and came within a few votes of obtaining the nomination, when Hon. H. H. Johnson was chosen and elected from this district.   As a patriot his allegiance to his country is immutably written upon the record. When the first gun flung its iron challenge at Fort Sumter, as a true American, Dr. Firestone felt the insult. He realized that war was upon us, and with Dr. Holmes believed that "war is the surgery of crime," and that the disease of the nation was not functional but organic, and demanded the knife and not opiates and lotions. It must not be that the most beneficent of all governments must fall by the basest of all conspiracies. Better, if it must, that all should be pushed into that ocean whose astonished waves first felt the Mayflower's kiss and keel. There was no middle ground then; the conditions were for or against the Union. To be a neutralist was to have pointed against you " the stony finger of Dante's awful Muse." Dr. Firestone at once declared for the Union, in prompt, eloquent, and unmistaken tones.   366 - WAYNE COUNTY   On July 4, 1861, ten weeks after the red lights of war were kindled, he addressed his fellow citizens of Wooster and Wayne Counties, in a thrilling, patriotic and impassioned speech, from which we make a brief extract:   Shall the dawn of some future 4th of July find your watch-towers abandoned, your altars overlhrown, your banners forsaken, your smiling land devastated by a storm of ruin, your peaceful hamlets resounding with the maiden's shriek, your fertile hills and sunny plains scathed by havoc and death, trodden by foreign hirelings, and desolated by internal strife? Look through the world and show me a clime so proudly matured in the days of her youth. Shall the freedom won by the mightiest of nations in the days of her feebleness be lost in the hour of her might? Shall we permit the bright foliage and buds of promise to be stripped from the Tree of Liberty—its blooming beauty in the rich spring of unclouded glory, and the banner of Washington desolaled and trampled in the dust! Perish the thought forever!   That glorious banner that has waved in triumph amid the clash of arms and the din of battle, that has inspired the heart of heroes with deeds of noble daring, and been the antidote to danger at the head of charging squadrons, as they rushed with fearless tread to the field of death, must not be desecrated. That honored ensign, now the heirloom of the sons of freedom, consecrated through all coming time as a sacred memento of the dead, that has been baptized in blood, sanctified by the pure light of heaven, and wedded in undying memory with immortal names, illustrious deeds and ennobling recollections of all that true patriots deemed worthy of life or death, can never be desecrated by foreign foe, nor crushed beneath the heartless tread of a traitor's foot. Its sublime mission, its exalted destiny, is far higher and holier than this. The whirlwinds of war, of pestilence and devastation, may sweep the green earth, spreading destruction and death; proud monuments of grandeur may crumble into dust; but the glorious scintillations of living light and luster streaming from the star-lit flag, like the countless lights in the constellation of heaven, are destined to shine on and on, illumining our hillsides and valleys, lighting the halls of genius and learning, penetrating the imperious sackcloth of bigotry, the veil of fanaticism, dissipating corruption, and challenging dissolution or decay.   Let us, the heirs of hallowed birthrights, again renew our pledges here this day, that we will be faithful in the discharge of the duties entrusted to us. Let us vow that, these stately columns of American liberty, erected by our fathers, shall not be broken by the rash acts of their inconsiderate and ungrateful sons; but that they shall still tower in unparalleled grandeur, raising their heads upward, high above the loftiest summits of the world. Nor shall moss nor ivy outstrip the builderls hand, till a free, prosperous and patriotic people arise in their omnipotent mighl, and, amid the shoutings and acclamations of millions, lay the corner-stone of glory and renown.   In 1861 he was chosen Chairman of the Wayne County Military Committee, which was empowered to appoint auxiliaries in the various townships to solicit donations, in cash and articles of food and wearing apparel, for the soldiers. It was authorized, also, to urge and encourage volunteering and report the names of those who desired to enlist in the military service. In this sphere of duty he was active and energetic, and beyond the fulfillment of these functions, he supplied appointments throughout the county and made the most intense and fervid war speeches. At the banquets and reunions of the old soldiers he was frequently present, and invariably extended encouragement to such occasions. His Decoration addresses were models of earnest, burning patriotic national devotion. Surely, if eloquence is lodged in the human soul, it should be aroused on that day, so prolific of gallant deeds and the memories of immortal heroes. The, historian, Alison, relates that the statesmen of Athens, when they wished to arouse that fickle people to any great or heroic action, reminded them of the national glory of their ancestors and pointed to the Acropolis crowned with the monuments of their valor; and that the Swiss peasants, for five hundred years after the establishment of their   WAYNE COUNTY -367   independence, assembled on the fields of Morgarten and Laupen, and spread garlands over the graves of the fallen warriors, and prayed for the souls of those who had died for their country's freedom.   In 1882, as president of the Decoration ceremonies at the cemetery he said :   It is sorrow's day, and yet our mourning is mingled with some share of gladness in the reflection that those whom we mourn were the brave, honorable and manly, and fell with their armor on in the faithful discharge of their duty. They sleep, but their deeds remain bright. They have fallen, but left a well-earned fame that will survive, unimpaired, the revolution of time. They commingle no more with companions they loved, enjoy no longer the pleasures and sweets of home, yet it is pleasing to know they left an undivided country, a Union preserved, a flag honored, and the constitution, as given by the fathers, respected. Among the fallen we recognize those who, as patriots, were fearless and devoted ; as gentlemen, polished and graceful ; as citizens, liberal and generous ; as husbands, kind and affectionate ; as fathers, tender and instructive; as Christians, consistent and pious, and as men, honest and brave. Flowers will be strewn on the sod beneath which slumbers the soldier in gray as well as the soldier in blue. This is in accordance with the promptings of the human heart, and would seem to be Nature's plan. The light of the sun, treasures of the clouds, pearls of the star-lit night, evening's zephyr and the fragrance of the flowers are distributed to all, and afford us lessons of wisdom, not alone on this occasion, but in every day life. As on Horeb, when the tempest, the flame and the earthquake had passed away, there came a still small voice   That spake of peace, it spake of love, It spake as angels speak above,   So here, this still small voice is pleading the cause of man, and that equal rights, under the law of love, sustained by the love of law, shall be the order throughout the federation of the world. When these things shall have been accomplished in spirit and in truth, we may walk about our political Zion, and go around about her, tell the towers thereof, mark well her bulwarks, consider her palaces.   In the domain of imagination and literary effort, genius had promised him her voice and the key to her sacred haunts, but in the rush and hurry of life he did not often court her smiles or seek her bower or wait the natural flowering of her thought. His muse was ready and sat near the Pierian waters. But, perhaps, the silence of the lover when he clasps his maiden is better than the passionate murmur of the song which celebrates her charms. He had the temper which animates the imaginative student and man. His intellect was dextrous, and, while he occasionally wrote genuine poetry, he indulged in rhyme like an apt craftsman who in different directions seeks to test his skill. His poems sort of grew and builded themselves. One of his best poetic ranges is represented in his Decoration poem of 1882, which was published and widely circulated by the press. It was contemplated at one time to make it the national song of the Grand Army of the Republic. It is here subjoined:   Amt:—" Oh, Wrap the Flag Around Me, Boys! "   'Tis sorrow's day, the noisy din Of labor hushed to rest, Each face portrays the heart within With grief so deeply pressed. We mourn the loss of those we loved, The noble and the brave-- Our hearts in sadness deeply moved We weep beside the grave.   CHORUS.   Then strew sweet flowers upon the spot Where lie the true and brave Who dared to face the foeman's shot, Our country's flag to save.   In battle's din their shouts were heard Upon the bloody field; From one to one they passed the word "The gray-coat foe must yield!" But 0, alas! with heaving breast They met their dreadful doom, And now they sleep in peaceful rest Within the quiet tomb.   Chorus: Then strew, etc.   368 - WAYNE COUNTY.   Let evergreens be lightly thrown Upon their last abode,— Fit emblems that the soul lives on, To praise its maker, God. Let soldiers sleep until the day The trump shall bid them rise; The victory sure, the batlle won, Their home is in the skies.   CHORUS: Then strew, etc.   He possessed, in a. high degree, all the requisites for a successful and. popular platform lecturer, and in 1860, the Boston Literary Bureau requested permission to make appointments for him for the ensuing season, which was declined. His intellectual equipments would have served him grandly in such a field. He was familiar with the best thoughts of the best thinkers and writers. and believed that a book was the best anodyne for either suffering or solitude. There is always a pleasure in sympathetic propinquity to the utterances of a great author. Reading his book is but opening his grave, pressing your ear to his coffin and whispering through his dust, to his finer spiritual hearing. We do not see him, yet, through embattlements of earth and sky and space we know and hear him. We must converse with the dead in the unsealed testament of their thoughts and live among the unreal. Gibbon asserted that he would not exchange his enjoyment of books for the riches of the Indies. Montesquieu affirmed there was no annoyance or vexation he could not fly from in his library. Lessing said that, if the alternatives were offered him by the Creator, to acquire knowledge immediately by intuition, or in his usual way, by laborious study, he would choose the latter, for study is itself a felicity. His readings were extensive and varied. He studied Rembrandt to learn how to enjoy the struggles of light and darkness; Wagner to appre ciate certain musical effects; Dickens to give a whirl to his sentimentality; Mark Twain to flavor his humor; Emerson to kindle new light within; Edwards to catch glances of the spiritual world, and Chalmers and Hodge that he might touch the chain that led on to the hiding places of the soul. His public addresses, lectures and magazine publications if collected would make several volumes. At the dedication of Arcadome Hall, December 18, 1857 (destroyed by fire March 23, 1874), he responded to the toast: " Our orator—whether at driving out a fever with jalap, or a fit of the blues with a joke, tuning up a bass fiddle or a broken constitution, he is always equal to the emergency, and like a true flint (as his Dutch name indicates), strikes fire every time the steel touches him." In this hall, January 12, 1858, he delivered one of his most scholarly and scientific lectures on the completion of the laying of the Atlantic cable, entitled " The Marriage of the Old and New World." The parties were living on the two sides of an ocean, and were married by extending their hands across it, and the telegraphic cable was the wedding tie. The lecture was thoroughly scientific, and its treatment of electricity, the method of its generation by friction and chemical action, and the machinery constructed to develop and intensify the subtle agency, the galvanic battery, and the researches of Le Sage in 1774, to the triumphs of Morse in 1844, was lucid, elaborate and instructive. Among all of his public platform performances none were more popular or evinced a profounder thought, or a keener analysis of propositions and subject matter, or gave him a wider reputation, than his disquisition upon the Reciprocal Influence of Mind and Body. He had in contemplation and partially completed for publication, a work on Anatomy, Physiology and   WAYNE COUNTY - 369   Hygiene, to be used as a textbook in colleges and schools.   He became a Free Mason, at Harrisville Lodge, Medina County, Ohio, in 1848, and was worshipful master of Ebenezer Lodge, Wooster, for eleven years, He was grand scribe of the Grand Chapter in 1860-61, and high priest of Wooster Chapter for fifteen years, and held the office until his death. In 1862 he was grand king of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons. He was a member of Massillon Commandery, No. 4, Knights Templar, for a number of years. At the laying of the corner stone of Wooster City Court House, October 9, 1878, which was conducted with high ceremony by the Ancient order, he delivered the address. It was a masterly effort, opulent in its reproductions of the traditions and antiquities of the Ancient order, and, withal, diffused with the soundest patriotism and the keenest intelligence upon the legal science and the maxims of jurisprudence.   He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; the Independent Order of Red Men; of the Knights of Pythias, Rising Star Lodge, and holding its highest office, that of Chancellor of the State; of the Royal Arcanum, and was supervising medical examiner of Ohio for six years, and died maintaining that position. Dr. Joel Seaverns, medical examiner-in-chief, Roxbury Mass., in a letter referring to his death, wrote:   The Doctor was active, earnest and faithful in his duties as supervising examiner, and thoroughly careful and scrupulous in seeing that instructions were complied with. His correspondence with me had always been brief but to the point, and I had learned to regard his opinions as conservative and valuable. It will be hard, I think, for us to select a successor as well qualified and as faithful as he had been.   He permanently settled in Wooster in 1856, where he lived and which was his home until his death, which occurred from apoplexy November 9, 1888. He was above the medium height, weighing over 200 pounds, with full projecting brows and sharp penetrating eyes. The expression of his countenance, in rest, was grave, but its serious cast was often relieved by a peculiarly pleasant smile, indicative of the geniality of his disposition, His face was plainly illustrative of the buoyancy and vivacity of his mind. He did not think the best way to become old was to let the heart grow gray. To the writer he said a few months before he died: "Yes, I am approaching seventy; the fight is on. I am over the hill-top and hurrying down the slope to the river." As he passed en the thought of the poem he so much loved flashed upon me, and I quote its first stanza:   Not yet, my soul, these friendly fields desert, Where thou with grass, and rivers and the breeze, And the bright face of day, thy dalliance had; Where to thine ear first sang th' enraptured birds; Where love and thou that lasting bargain made. The ship rides trimmed, and from th' eternal shore, Thou Nearest airy voices; but not yet, Depart my soul, not yet awhile depart.   The consciousness seemed upon him then that there were but a few remaining bars of rest between the strains of his remaining life. On matters of religion and the ultimate existence, he gave the evidence of his utmost belief and faith in Christianity, a Savior, a Resurrection and a God of Redemption; and this was emphatically confirmed for many years, by his visible union with the church. Many of his reflections, reverently indulged, on matters pertaining to the soul, its infinite possibilities and eternal destiny, are remembered, and many were unexpressed, which neither takes from nor adds to the abysmal depth of the mystery which surrounds us all.   370 - WAYNE COUNTY.   Who made the heart 'tis He alone Decidedly can try us; He knows each chord, its various tone, Each string, its various bias;   and it is within the sphere of the Christian gentleman to believe that he had suffered the inner martyrdom and preparation for death.   D. L. KIEFFER, ESQ., is the second child and eldest son of Adam Kieffer, and was born May 12, 1829, in Greene Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. His infancy was one of marked peculiarity, there being, perhaps, no one born. in the county under a more hopeless condition than he. At his birth his weight was not quite one and a half pounds, and he scarcely filled a quart measure. He was pronounced devoid of vitality, but, to satisfy her curiosity, an old lady in attendance pressed the point of a needle into his forehead, and he made a sudden jerk with his arms, which was the first sign of life made visible. It is said of Fohi, the founder of the Empire of China, that at the moment of his birth he stood erect and then walked across the room ; but not so with Squire Kieffer ; it took over two years before he was able to walk. When about six years old he began to grow rapidly, and when his sixteenth year was finished his height was six feet, two inches, in his stockings ; his matured height is six feet, four and one half inches, and his average weight about 200 pounds. He is a man of extraordinary talent, from youth showing an ardent desire for mental improvement; but, under strict parental restraint, the greater part of his minority passed away without education. Afterward he attended the academy at Canaan under Prof. Notestein, select school in Seville under Prof. Foster, and college at Edinburgh under Prof. Hill. His design in life was to be a man of letters, but feeling unable to endure the constant bitter 'opposition of all his immediate relatives, among whom he wished to live in peace, he took up the art of building. After acquiring a thorough knowledge of architecture and civil engineering, he became a noted master of the profession, which he followed for about thirty years ; and much is due him for the discovering, inventing and adding new and useful features to the art. D. L. Kieffer is the first one of the numerous descendants of his great-grandfather, Michael Kieffer, who saw and appreciated the propriety of education. He felt that a kind Providence had given him his talents and bade him to improve them. Stimulated under these impulsions, in the fall of 1846 he embarked for the " Canaan School." He was the first one to engage (as it was then looked upon) in the degenerating enterprise. It was thought that sloth and corruption   WAYNE COUNTY - 371   prompted him to resort to this perversion of principle. Suspicion marked him as a rascal of the lowest grade. But, however, rectitude has won him, and he is a man of freedom from any moral obliquity. He believes in helping to bear the burdens of one another. This he cannot refuse, and with a heart overflowing with merciful kindness, he helped and endorsed, even for his bitterest enemies, until they reduced him to poverty, and now utterly despise him for being in want. For ten years, during the winter season, he followed school-teaching in Milton, Greene, Wayne and Canaan Townships, in Wayne County, Ohio. In the summer of 1854 he was married to Miss Rebecca Spangler, a native of Wayne Township, and a daughter of Peter Spangler, Sr. Her grandfather's name was Yost, that of her great-grandfather was Peter, and that of the father of her great-grandfather was Casper, the latter of whom came from Palatinate, upon the Rhine, and, with a crew of 109, sailed on the ship " William and Sarah," under captaincy of William Hill. They landed in Philadelphia Sep-21, 1727, and on the same day attended a meeting of what was called " The Board of the Provincial Council," at the old court-house in Philadelphia, and took the oath of allegiance as a colony in the province of Pennsylvania, then subject to the crown of Great Britain, to the majesty of King George II and his successors, kings of Great Britain, etc.   D. L. Kieffer and wife are the parents of one child, George Lincoln Kieffer, a youth of much promise and intelligence. In 1881 D. L. Kieffer was appointed family historian of the great Kieffer family, of which he kindly furnishes the following historical sketch:   We trace our ancestral lineation back to France—to the fifteenth century—to the commencement of the persecution of the religious reformers in that kingdom, who, because of their meeting for worship in the night time in subterraneous vaults near the gate of the city of Hugon, were, by way of contempt, called "Huguenots;" this being previous to the permanently establishing of surnames among mankind, the custom of which took rise in France about the twelfth century, but was not universally assumed until about 300 years thereafter. About this time there existed a large relationship in the southern part of the Kingdom of France, known by the name of "Michael." These claimed decension from the illustrious Michael, surnamed Andronicus, whose glory shone in ancient Byzantium in the thirteenth century, and, on the assuming of surnames, one of these Michaels in France was surnamed Tonnellies (the French name of cooper), hence his name was Michael Tonnellies. He was the great-great-grandfather of my great-great-grandfather, and one of his sons was named De Wald Tonnellies. About the year 1563, at the time the darkness of persecution and massacre of the Huguenots hung over France in its direst aspect, under the heinous scepter of Queen Catherine, this De Wald Tonnellies departed from France to find peace and refuge in Germany. He was a native of Paris, and was of wealthy and noble ancestry. But under the inspiration of the love, light and guidance of the Gospel, he chose abandonment of friends, ease, rank, nativity and heritage of estate, and became striker at the anvil for a blacksmith at Kettenheim. And now, under compulsion of change of language, habits, society, occupation and circumstances all around, he deemed it eligible also to change his name from French to German, namely: from De Wald Tonnellies to De Wald   372 - WAYNE COUNTY   Kuefer (Tonnellies being the French name for the coopering trade, and Kuefer the German name for the same). He now saw that he must, as it were, commence life anew. Stimulated under these convictions, he unstrung every nerve to rectitude, industry and economy, and in course of time he came to be master of the forge himself. Late in life he was married, and came to be the father of one son, whom he named Michael, in honor of his native ancestry. At the time of his arrival at Kettenheim, Germany was under the imperial power of the wise and humane Emperor Maximilian II, who is said to have been the most amiable prince that ever swayed the imperial scepter. With most sanguine benignily he tolerated religious reformation, which seemed to have a benign influence upon the hearts of all of his people, and, with vehement salutations, they welcomed to their open arms those who fled from martyrdom in France.   After De Wald Kuefer, the great-grandfather of my great-grandfather, who fled to escape the persecution in France, had enjoyed true peace in Germany for about fifty-five years, "papal wrath" here, too, spewed vengeance, and now baptized with tears and blood the peaceful plains of Lutzen. Now the religious war commenced in Germany, and raged for thirty years, commencing in 1618, and ending in 1648. When this war commenced the Kuefer family, which is now so large, was in its mere infancy, consisting of but our revered . great-grandsire, De Wald, and his only child, son Michael, the wife and mother being dead. Michael, like his father, too, came to be a blacksmith; was, too, advanced in years when married, but came to be the father of three sons—Jacob, Michael and De Wald. And these three sons and brothers were the first ones of our name to cross the ocean for America. They came over with Francis Daniel Pastor-ions, a native of Sommerhousen, in Franconia, who brought over a small colony chiefly from Cleves, in Westphalia. June 8, 1683, they took passage on board the ship "The America," and sailed from Rotterdam, under Capt. Joseph Wasey, landing on the soil of the New World, at Philadelphia, August 20th of the same year. Philadelphia having just been laid out previous to their arrival here, and the rude aspect of the new country, in contrast with their native home, presenting to them most lonely and fearful forebodings, the three Kuefer brothers were induced to return to Europe. Jacob, the eldest of these three brothers, had five sons—Michael, Valuntine, Leonhardt, Friederich and Jacob. In 1689 he and his two eldest sons went up to Denmark. In 1699 these two brothers, Michael and Valuntine, through the conflict between Lord Nelson and the confederacy of what was called "The Northern Powers against the Naval superiority of Great Britain," crossed the ocean and came to settle in the province of Canada. In 1732 the other three brothers—Leonhardt, Friederich and Jacob—came to America on the ship " Samuel," under Capt. Piercy, sailing from Rotterdam August 11, 1732, and landing at Philadelphia October 10; after a stay of about two months, they returned to Germany. Michael, the second of these three brothers, had two sons, and these, after arriving at manhood, went back to France to enjoy the life of the fatherland and of their ancestry. Here their name of Kuefer became changed to Kevere. De Wald, the youngest of these three brothers, was the grandfather of my grandfather; he had four sons—Abraham, Casper, Martin and Michael. Of these four brothers, about sixty–five years after their father and two uncles had visited America, and while the great war between Great Britain, Germany, France, Spain, Austria, Sardinia and Holland was raging in its highest heat, the two eldest, namely: Abraham and Casper, came to America. They took passage on board the ship "Two Brothers," under Capt. Arnatt, sailing from Rotterdam July 20, 1748, and landing in port Philadelphia September 15 of the same year.   About this time the spelling of our name became changed from Kuefer to Kieffer, so as to pronounce the same in English as in German. The third of the four brothers, Martin, never crossed the ocean. But Michael, the youngest of the four, was my great-grandfather. He was born May 8, 1724, near Kettenheim, in Europe; May 10, 1750, he was married to Margaret Miller, of the same place, born December 11, 1729. They were the parents of eleven children, born and named as follows: Anna Elizabeth, February 21, 1752; Anna Odilia, December 12, 1753; Anna Barbara, October 16, 1755; Anna Eva, May 5, 1757; John Jacob, October 15, 1759; Anna Elizabeth, July 26, 1761; John Michael, November 4, 1763; John Adam, August 7, 1765; Anna Margaret, August 23, 1767; John Valuntine, May 1, 1769; J. Valuntine, the second, born November 26, 1772. Anna Elizabeth, the first born, and the first-named John Valuntine, died in infancy, and are buried at Zweibrucken, in Europe. In the year 1773, about the time of the threatening crisis which, from the great revolution in Sweden, the dismemberment   WAYNE COUNTY - 373   of Poland by Russia, Prussia and Austria, filled every heart with consternation throughout the German Empire, Michael Kieffer, our great-grandfather, with his wife and nine remaining children, started from Zweibrucken for America, sailing on ship " Britannia," under Capt. Peters, April 15, 1773. While on their voyage his wife took sick, and on the 10th of May she died, and was buried amidst the waves of the Atlantic. After a voyage of over ninety days of "troubled farings on the sea," he, with his nine children, landed in the port of Baltimore. On his arrival here, Anna Odilia, his eldest daughter, suddenly sickened and died, and was buried at that place. His family was now completely scattered; two of the children lay in the earth of Zweibrucken, his wife was buried at sea, and the oldest daughter in Baltimore. He now took the remainder of his family and went to Bedford County, Penn., where he remained eight years. He then crossed the Alleghany Mountains, and settled in Somerset County, same State. Here, March 26, 1805, he died, in the eighty-first year of his age, and was buried in Brother Valley Township, Somerset Co., Penn. His eldest son, Jacob, our grandfather, was born October 15, 1759, and was fourteen years of age when he came from Europe. September 2, 1787, he was married to Eva Margaret Fritz, a native of Lancaster County, Penn., born September 27, 1769. To them were born nine children: Michael, Margaret, Elizabeth, Adam, Mary, Jacob, Susanna, Joseph and Eva, all born in Somerset County, Penn.   In the spring of 1814 he, with his family, immigrated to Wayne County, Ohio, and settled on the northeast quarter of Section 35, Milton Township. This was the second family in the township. Their hardships and privations were many. The Indian, the bear, stag, wolf, porcupine and the rattlesnake were their daily visitors. After enduring the trials and privations consequent to pioneer life, after battling with the forest for about thirteen years, when the wilderness just began to put forth the first buds of hope and promise, he was summoned to his death-bed, and on February 23, 1828, he died, in the sixty-ninth year of his age, and was buried in the family graveyard on his place. His widow died September 29, 1843, and was buried by the side of her husband. Michael, their eldest son, was born August 7, 1788, and was married to Elizabeth Giedig, of his native place; in 1820 she died, and was buried in the graveyard of his father; in 1823 he married Barbara Hoffman, a native of Elsas, in Europe; in 1836 he died in Milton Township, on the farm whereon he settled in 1815, in the forty-ninth year of his age, and was buried by the side of his first wife. Margaret, the eldest daughter, was born September 22, 1789, and was married to Benjamin Sanford, a native of the State of Vermont; she died November 5, 1839, in Copley Township, Summit Co., Ohio, in the fiftieth year of her age, and was buried in the center of Copley. Elizabeth, the second daughter, was born June 12, 1793, and was married to Peter Flickinger, a native of Hagerstown, Md.; she died August 23, 1843, in Greene Township, on the farm whereon she and her husband had settled in 1815, and was buried in the family graveyard of her father. Adam, the second son, was born October 23, 1795, married Maria Lasure, a native of Lancaster County, Penn.; he died in Greene Township, November 20, 1853, in the fifty-ninth year of his age, on the farm where he and his wife settled in 1820, and was buried in the graveyard at Smithville. Mary, the third daughter, was born September 10, 1798, and married James Medsger; she died in the forty-first year of her age, in Milton Township, September 14, 1839, on the farm whereon she and her husband settled soon after they were married; she is buried in the old family graveyard. Jacob, the third son, was born February 21, 1802, married Rachel Kemmerer; his wife died February 5, 1843, and was buried in the old family graveyard; in 1866 he died, in the sixty-fourth year of his age, on the farm where he and his wife had settled soon after they were married, and was buried in Milton Township. Susanna, the fourth daughter, was born April 29, 1804, married John Young; she died in the seventy-first year of her age, in 1875, in Milton Township, on the farm whereon she and her husband had settled in 1825. Joseph, the youngest son, was born January 5, 1807, and married Mary Blacher; he died in Milton Township in 1860, in the fifty-fourth year of his age, on the farm where he had settled with his parents in 1814. Eva, the youngest child, was born August 11, 1809; in 1830 she married Jacob Billman ; in 1844 she died on the farm where she and her husband had settled in 1830, and was buried in the graveyard of St. Paul's Church, in Wayne Township. This may truly be said to have been a generation which had to encounter many trials and hardships. They settled in Milton Township before there were any roads established in or near the township. Coming here, they had to make the road as fast as they went   374 - WAYNE COUNTY   from Canton, in Stark County, to where they located in Milton Township, Wayne County. Rather remarkable, as, in course of time, one after another commenced for himself, they settled on farms of their own, whereon they remained until they died—not one of them moving once until taken to the grave. The faith of their religion was the creed of Luther. Mine were the parents of ten children, viz.: Elizabeth, Daniel L., Jacob J., Quincy A., Jesse S., Mary M., Joseph J., Catherine E., Josiah M. and Isaiah N., all born and reared on the farm, and all principally following the calling of the farmer, except the last named, who follows the ministry.   SINCLAIR JOHNSON, a son of James and Mary Johnson, was born February 23, 1824, on the farm now owned by him in Salt Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio. His grandfather, Thomas Johnson, previous to the War of 1812, moved from near Baltimore, Md., to Fayette County, Penn., where he remained several years, and then came to Wayne County, arriving April 9, 1816; he died in a fit of apoplexy on the road southwest of Dalton, this county. He was the father of five children, three sons and two daughters, all now deceased.   James Johnson, father of the subject of this sketch, and also a native of Maryland, removed from there to Fayette County, Penn., where he married Mary, daughter of John White, of Uniontown, same State. Here they located for a brief time, and then came to Salt Creek Township, Wayne Co., Ohio, where they settled on the farm now owned by Sinclair Johnson. James Johnson died October 26, 1870, and his widow in 1885. Their children were William W., Isaac S., Ruth and Sinclair. Of these, William W. married, and located in Salt Creek Township, Wayne County (lie died at his late residence, near Wooster) ; Isaac S. married, and located in Salt Creek Township, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits, and died; Ruth married W. C. Grant, of Stark County, Ohio.   Sinclair Johnson, the subject of this memoir, when a child of eight months was stricken with fever, remaining ill for a period of three days, when he apparently fully recovered, his mother leaving him at play upon the floor while she engaged in spinning. His screams called her .attention, when she discovered that the child could not draw his limbs after him, and found that he had lost the use of his lower limbs. He, however, retained his mental and physical vigor, and persevered in securing an education, receiving an elementary training in the schools of the county. In 1851 he graduated from Jefferson College, and became a professional and eminently successful teacher, having taught at Fredericksburgh, Middletown, Shelby, Apple Creek, and in other schools of the county.   On March 1, 1860, he married Lucinda B. .Hatfield, and they have four children, township, born December 13, 1791. After a happy married life